Since the first reported outbreak of Ebola in 1976, there have been approximately 25 outbreaks all of which, except two, have been reported only in east and central Africa. The current outbreak and a single case reported in 1994 in Ivory Coast are the only two outbreaks in West Africa (7). However, the current outbreak, which stared in Guinea (Bissau) in March 2014, remains the deadliest today and the epidemic is still ongoing. New cases are reported daily, particularly in Liberia. This outbreak is unprecedented in many ways. It is the most persisting, lasting more than five months. The spread is across nations and has the largest number of victims. Close to 1500 individuals are dead and very close to 3000 people are infected. More doctors and nurses and other health care workers are infected when compared with previous outbreaks. Over 240 healthcare workers are infected with more than 120 deaths (7). This outbreak also has the least fatality when compared to previous outbreaks. So far, 47% of those infected survive the disease. This work outlines the previous outbreaks and gives a brief  summary of current knowledge about EVD. Depuis le premier cas d'epidemie rapporte en 1976, il y a eu environ 25 foyers epidemiques tous, excepte deux, ont ete signales seulement en Afrique orientale et centrale. L'epidemie actuelle et un seul cas rapporte en 1994 en Cote d'Ivoire sont les deux seuls foyers epidemiques d'Afrique de l'Ouest.Cependant, l'epidemie actuelle reste la plus meurtriere a ce jour et l'epidemie est toujours en cours. Des nouveaux cas sont signales chaque jour, particulierement au Liberia. Cette epidemie est sans precedent a bien des egards. Elle est la plus persistante, durant plus de cinq mois. La propagation est entre les nations et a le plus grand nombre de victimes. Pres de 1500 personnes sont mortes et pres de 3000 personnes infectees. Plusieurs medecins et  infirmiers et autres travailleurs de sante sont infectes par rapport aux epidemiesprecedentes. Plus de 240 travailleurs de sante sont infectes avec plus de 120 deces. Cette epidemie a egalement le moins de deces par rapport aux epidemies precedentes. Jusqu'a present, 47% de personnes infectees survivent a la maladie. Ce travail presente les epidemies precedentes et donne un bref resume des connaissances actuelles sur les infections de virus d'Ebola. Article in English.


People high in attachment-related anxiety experience greater anxieties and ambivalence (e.g., M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, N. Bar-On, & T. Ein-Dor, 2010) when feelings of relationship security are activated. The current research suggests that anxiously attached people also experience a decrease in implicit feelings of self-worth. Across two studies participants high (vs. low) in attachment anxiety reported more negative implicit self-evaluations after thinking about a time they felt loved and cared for by a close other. Study 2 further revealed that more negative implicit self-evaluations are not a function of differences in the type of events recalled by high anxiety participants. These latter results suggest that security-enhancing thoughts automatically activate a negative association with the self that is not consciously reflected in participants' written responses.


Commentary on: Leniz J, Higginson IJ, Stewart R, et al . Understanding which people with dementia are at risk of inappropriate care and avoidable transitions to hospital near the end-of-life: a retrospective cohort study. Age and Ageing 2019:afz052. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afz052

Around 46 million people worldwide have a diagnosis of dementia. Caring for people with dementia at the end of life has significant economic implications.1 Hospital admission is not always the preferred option for people with dementia for end-of-life care. This study explores the number of transitions to hospital that people with dementia who need …


The RHIC II science program is made possible by an evolutionary series of accelerator improvements and detector upgrades. The program will allow a detailed and quantitative description of the physical properities of the medium created in high energy heavy‐ion collisions. It will also advance the study of the low‐x initial state of the colliding nuclei and study the contribution of gluons and sea quarks to the spin of the proton.


This work contains the main procedures, which are used to integrate computer generated 3d elements with video material. The main part is dedicated to motion capture which is the foundation for successful integration. It also contains different lightning techniques and shading as well. Key factors presented have the most impact on the realistic look after a successful integration. While creating this study, many studies of motion capture, computer vision, projective geometry, photography and computer graphics were analyzed. A practical experiment of integration was created to enhance the presentation of concepts included in this work. The experiment was made according to guidelines of leading experts in this field, but for the purpose of this work it remains in simple form.


An improved Totem-pole bridgeless boost rectifier with low conduction losses and zero diode reverse-recovery is proposed for power-factor correction (PFC). Compared to the traditional totem-pole bridgeless boost rectifier, the proposed boost rectifier reduces the conduction losses by using complementary PWM driving and eliminate the diode reverse-recovery problems by an additional Silicon Carbide diode. Zero-current turn-off of the output diodes is guaranteed because of the zero reverse-recovery characteristic of Silicon Carbide diode. The proposed boost rectifier can work in continuous current mode (CCM) which is suitable for medium and high application. Experimental results for a 430W prototype are also discussed to show the performance of the proposed rectifier.


ley, Catamarca, Argentina, which were designed to explore different aspects of agricultural practice. To this end, data were collected in three areas: the number of individuals involved in these tasks, the economic performance of cultivated plant resources and the costs and benefits involved in the different stages of the operational chain. The data collected were then added to those obtained from similar works carried out on wild plant resources. They were tested using the linear programming model, thus trying to ascertain what might have been the optimal combination with which each of these resources have contributed to the diet of the ancient inhabitants of the valley. The results obtained suggest that in these lands, during the VIth to the XIth century AD, the products obtained through gathering, mainly algarrobo (Prosopis sp.), would have been the better option. Within the agricultural products, maize (Zea mays) would have been the best choice. These data are consistent with those observed in the archaeological record of the valley and the information available for the region.


The present invention used a continuous flow reaction conditions, about carboxylation reaction of 2 steps aryl group. This method, in high yield, enables the large scale synthesis of useful reaction products. The present invention provides an improved process for preparing compounds of formula I using a continuous flow chemical. That Applicants have surprisingly, the process of the present invention: a) Ease of performing low-temperature reaction, b) vapor - advanced mixing, and c) good thermal transfer capacity of the under flow conditions of the liquid phase, and d) regardless of the consistent yield and scale found to be promoted.


A ruling against national legislation opens the WTO up to attacks by environmental groups that trade is being privileged over climate change issues. The WTO also faces significant political blowback from the national government whose legislation it has declared inconsistent with trade law. Yet, a ruling finding that carbon tariffs are consistent with trade law creates a huge exception to the GATT. Because almost all goods require energy to produce, nations could raise trade barriers on almost any import and still be consistent with trade rules. Climate change is a political issue that has the possibility of overwhelming the WTO. Either way, a legal challenge of national level carbon tariffs can mean a crisis for international trade relations. We need to keep our focus on the policy outcome that we want to achieve—an open international trading system and an effective international climate change agreement. The crucial question is: what is the best strategy for achieving both? Carbon tariffs are a step backwards in trade liberalization with the hope that they will propel the international system forward on climate change issues. But we just as well might end up in a world that has regressed on trade relations and has not adopted an adequate response to global warming.


The aim of the evaluation was to explore whether the measures offered an adequate package of support to parents in London and non-London pilot areas, and if the measures, either collectively or singly, encouraged them to enter and sustain work. Couple parents, in a DWP context, include both the parent claiming benefits on behalf of the family (referred to as the 'main claimant'), and the non-claiming parent (referred to as the 'partner'). Because of the different conditions on benefit claimants and their partners, each parent in the couple is treated individually within Jobcentre Plus.
Given the existing body of research and evidence on lone parents, this research focused on the measures which had been newly expanded to couple parents across all London districts and in ND+fLP pilot areas. IWC of £60, and the UFCC pilot affecting eligible parents in London are addressed in the final report of the research.
This report covers early implementation, delivery and operational issues, together with awareness and use of ND+fLP and IWC by Jobcentre Plus staff, main claimant parents and partner parents.


In this paper, the incomplete objective information system in which all unknown values are considered as lost is deeply investigated. In such information systems, the concepts of optimal credible rules in terms of increasing and decreasing preferences are proposed based on the dominance relation. To derive all credible rules from the incomplete objective information system, the concept of descriptions are presented. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the discernibility functions based on the discernibility matrixes, the increasing and decreasing reducts of objects can be worked out and as a result, the optimal credible rules are obtained. The research is meaningful both in the theory and in applications for the acquisition of rules in the incomplete objective information systems.


The magnetic-elasticity stability problem of a current plate clamped at each edge,which is under the action of mechanical load in magnetic field,was studied by using the stability of Mathieu equation's solution in this paper.At first,based on nonlinear magnetic-elasticity kinetic equations,physical equations,geometric equations,the expressions of Lorentz forces and electrodynamics equations,the magnetic-elasticity kinetic steady equation of the problem were derived.Then,the equation was changed into the standard form of the Mathieu equation using Galerkin method.So,the stability problem is transformed to solve a Mathieu equation.By discussing the eigenvalue relation of the coefficient λ and η in Mathieu equation,means determining the boundary lines between the steady and unsteady solution areas of Mathieu equation, the criterion equation of the problem is presented here.As an example,a current plate clamped at each edge was solved.The curves of the relations among the parameters when the plate is in the critical situation of steady are shown in the paper.The calculated answers and the regularity of parameters variation are also discussed.


Abstract We present stellar yields calculated from detailed models of low and intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We evolve models with a range of mass from 1 to 6 M⊙, and initial metallicities from solar to 1/200th of the solar metallicity. Each model was evolved from the zero age main sequence to near the end of the thermally pulsing (TP) AGB phase, and through all intermediate phases including the core He-flash for stars initially less massive than 2.5 M⊙. For each mass and metallicity, we provide tables containing structural details of the stellar models during the TP-AGB phase, and tables of the stellar yields for 74 species from hydrogen through to sulfur, and for a small number of iron-group nuclei. All tables are available for download. Our results have many applications including use in population synthesis studies and the chemical evolution of galaxies and stellar systems, and for comparison to the composition of AGB and post-AGB stars and planetary nebulae.


Massive amount of data that are geo-tagged and associated with text information are being generated at an unprecedented scale. Users may want to be notified of interesting geo-textual objects during a period of time. For example, a user may want to be informed when tweets containing term "garage sale" are posted within 5 km of the user's home in the next 72 hours.
 In this paper, for the first time we study the problem of matching a stream of incoming Boolean Range Continuous queries over a stream of incoming geo-textual objects in real time. We develop a new system for addressing the problem. In particular, we propose a hybrid index, called IQ-tree, and novel cost models for managing a stream of incoming Boolean Range Continuous queries. We also propose algorithms for matching the queries with incoming geo-textual objects based on the index. Results of empirical studies with implementations of the proposed techniques demonstrate that the paper's proposals offer scalability and are capable of excellent performance.


The flow field and performance of a new class of micromachined MEMS synthetic jets is characterized using hot wire anemometry, direct thrust measurement and particle image velocimetry. These devices consist of an array of electrostatically driven resonators designed to operate at a resonant frequency of -70 kHz. Each resonator size is of the order of 1 mm and chips with up to 25 resonators have been fabricated and tested. The effects of drive electrode geometry, and driving frequency and amplitude are documented. The results show that the best performance for a given design is obtained at the system resonance and a voltage slightly above the membrane collapse voltage. These results are in qualitative agreement with previously reported models of the resonators that incorporate the coupled resonance of the acoustic cavity and membrane. It is also shown that there is an optimum electrode geometry that minimizes damping and maximizes performance. INTRODUCTION Flow field and performance characterization of a new class of micromachined, electrostatically actuated, synthetic jets are presented in this paper. Figure 1 shows flow visualization of this MEMS synthetic jet. The ultimate goal of the research is the development of high impulse * Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Member AIAA. f Associate Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Senior Member AIAA. * Graduate Student Research Assistant, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Copyright © 2002 by Michael O. Muller, Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission FIGURE 1: Visualization of the flow produced by the micromachined synthetic jet array. The jet outline is visualized by a cloud of ethanol aerosol (heavier than air) introduced below the chip (not shown) and entrained by jets. micromachined synthetic jets for propulsion of direct-lift ultra-miniature Micro Airborne Platforms. This concept is illustrated in figure 2. Other applications of the technology include integrated microchip cooling devices and integrated micro pumps. Micromachined synthetic jets were first developed by Coe et a/.' for flow control applications. Those jets used piezoelectric and electrostatic drive, and operate at approximately 1.3 kHz. The micromachined synthetic jets of the present study are electrostatically driven. This 1 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (c)2002 American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics or Published with Permission of Author(s) and/or Author(s)' Sponsoring Organization. FIGURE 2: Synthetic jet array configured as a directlift ultra-miniature Micro Airborne Platform. (a) Schematic showing array details and overall design concept, including thrusters and mission hardware. (b) Photograph of a 3 x 6 array adjacent to 1 cent US (left) and 1 cent Euro (right) coins. allows a very compact design: the cavity and drive mechanism are together less than 150 /.im thick. The substantial performance required for propulsion is achieved by operating at a very high frequency, approximately 70 kHz. This frequency is above the audible range, ideally suited for many applications where a low noise environment is required. Additional performance can be obtained by integrating the synthetic jets with ejector shrouds to form Micromachined ACoustic Ejectors: "MACE." The MACE devices, as illustrated in figures 2-4, contain an array of resonators distributed around jet holes. Each resonator consists of a cavity and several small throats located around the jet holes3. A membrane, driven electrostatically by a perforated electrode located inside the cavity, provides the resonator actuation. Inherent in these micromachined synthetic jets is the concept of resonance: the jet performance is significantly enhanced when running at resonance. Resonance itself occurs in both the cavity, as an acoustic mode, and in the membrane, as a structural mode. Theoretical models of the (b) FIGURE 3: Micromachined synthetic jet construction. (a) Illustration of individual Silicon wafers. The top wafer contains the diaphragm, the bottom wafer contains the cavity and electrode. (b) Bonded device. The gap between diaphragm and electrode is defined by bonding material (BCB Benzocyclobutene). performance of the micromachined synthetic jets have been developed and are used for design optimization'. Muller et a/. describe a reduced order model of synthetic jets driven by an acoustic resonator. They note that the flow topology is asymmetric, the input and output strokes are different for the acoustic cycle. The time-averaged downstream momentum flux introduced in to the flow field is the primary source of thrust. Ignored are the effects of a possibly lower static pressure at the throat, as well as re-ingestion of downstream momentum during the input stroke. A conclusion is the strong performance gains at resonance for a synthetic jet coupled to an acoustic cavity. A large scale test (relative to the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (c)2002 American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics or Published with Permission of Author(s) and/or Author(s)' Sponsoring Organization.


OBJECTIVE : Compare the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) with the four-component Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC-4) for assessing disability progression in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
 BACKGROUND: EDSS has been the accepted primary outcome to quantify neurologic disability in MS clinical trials. An alternative approach, employing neuro performance testing, has gained popularity. In order to conduct pragmatic clinical research in medical practice settings, it will be necessary to identify a standardized, feasible method to quantify disability progression. Therefore, we compared EDSS with MSFC-4 in a large integrated dataset derived from 5 phase 3 clinical trials.
 DESIGN/METHODS : Data from 6,273 subjects enrolled in 5 different Phase 3 clinical trials were pooled for analysis. Trials included studies of natalizumab (n=2), dimethyl fumarate (n=2), and peginterferon beta-1a (n=1). Worsening from baseline by 20[percnt] for Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), or Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), or 2-line worsening on Low-Contrast Letter Acuity (LCLA), confirmed after 6 months, was used as the definition of disability progression for MSFC-4. EDSS progression was defined as in the clinical trials.
 RESULTS : Overall, 10.6[percnt] of subjects progressed on EDSS compared to 18.7[percnt] on MSFC-4 (any component). Among subjects with progression, 26[percnt] progressed on EDSS only, 58[percnt] on MSFC-4 only, and 16[percnt] on both. Progression was observed across MSFC-4 domains, suggesting that MSFC-4 was more sensitive because of domains not well captured by EDSS. Patients progressing on MSFC-4 but not on EDSS had higher baseline EDSS scores, suggesting that EDSS is less sensitive at higher disability levels.
 CONCLUSIONS : MSFC-4 is an attractive measure for standardized, quantitative disability assessments in clinical practice. It appears to be more sensitive than EDSS and lends itself to computer-based testing and automation. Clinical and imaging correlates of disability progression based on MSFC-4 will be presented.
 Study Supported by : Biogen Disclosure: Dr. Kieseier holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen, which sponsored research in which Dr. Kieseier was involved as an investigator. Dr. Rghupathi has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec as an employee. Dr. Rudick holds stock and/ or stock options in Biogen.


The invention discloses an air conditioner and an air conditioning self-cleaning system. According to the invention, spraying devices are adopted to spray cleaning solution on blades of an air conditioning evaporator, and then the operating mode of a press is converted to enable the cleaning solution to refrigerate and frost on the blades of the air conditioning evaporator and finally heat and defrost after frosting is carried out to a certain degree, so that the air conditioner can take away more floating dust and dirt on the blades of the air conditioning evaporator. That is, the air conditioner is simple in working principle; and compared with the traditional air conditioner, the air conditioner, disclosed by the invention, can better realize self cleaning with the spraying devices additionally provided to effectively solve the problem in the prior art that the air conditioning evaporator is difficult to clean.


Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of GaInNAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells grown on a GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy are measured in a range of temperatures and excitation power densities. The energy position of the dominant PL peak shows an anomalous S-shape temperature dependence instead of the Varshni relation. By careful inspection, especially for the PL under lower excitation power density, two near band-edge peaks are well identified. These are assigned to carriers localized in nitrogen-induced bound states and interband excitonic recombinations, respectively. It is suggested that the temperature-induced switch of such two luminescence peaks in relative intensity causes a significant mechanism responsible for the S-shape shift observed in GaInNAs. A quantitative model based on the thermal depopulation of carriers is used to explain the temperature dependence of the PL peak related to N-induced bound states.


As with many issues in contemporary jurisprudence, a host of recent debates concerning the proper methodology for legal theorists to adopt have been set into motion by H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law.H.L.A. HART, THE CONCEPT OF LAW (1st ed., 1961; 2nd ed. with Postscript, Penelope A. Bulloch and Joseph Raz, eds., 1994). All page references to this work are given according to the pagination in the 2nd edition. In the opening pages of the original edition of the book, Hart presents legal scholars in a self-reflective light, claming that they have a distinctive tendency to be drawn into theoretical debates concerning the subject matter of their discipline: "No vast literature is dedicated to answering the questions 'What is chemistry?' or 'What is medicine?,' as it is to the question 'What is law?'HART, supra note 1, at 1.


The pedigree base of sheep farming in the Zabaikalsky region is concentrated in 8 pedigree farms and nine reproducer farms, as well as in the Autonomous Region "Zabaikalsky Center for Pedigree Livestock Farming." Currently, there are seven pedigree farms and six reproducer farms in the region that are engaged in breeding Zabaikalsky fine-fleeced sheep, with a total population of 76.9 thousand sheep, accounting for 75.7% of the total pedigree sheep population. An analysis of the sheep population in the region over 15 years indicates a decline, which can be attributed to reduced demand for wool production and livestock losses due to fires that affected large areas. It should be noted that wool production has decreased due to cheaper raw materials such as cotton and synthetics. The region has adopted a Comprehensive Program for the Development of Sheep Farming until 2030, the result of which should be an increase in the sheep population from 405 to 655 thousand head, wool production from 964 to 2173 tons, the creation of at least 1,500 new jobs in sheep farming and the processing industry, and the development of high-quality clothing and other consumer products based on wool by the end of 2030. Scientific research justifies the priority development of sheep farming in the region as a traditional branch of agriculture and a tool for preserving the rural way of life. Since sheep farming products are primarily concentrated in private households, where difficulties in selling products are observed, developing a model for interaction between these entities and agricultural organisations, pedigree farms, and reproducer farms is advisable.


Marine rights protection and law enforcement personnel are the main actors in the practice of maritime rights protection and law enforcement, and the quality of personnel training is directly related to China's maritime rights protection and law enforcement ability and response level. It is an important guarantee for the realization of the strategic goal of building a maritime power and a basic requirement for fulfilling the responsibilities of a great power to build a contingent of Chinese maritime rights protection and law enforcement personnel that is commensurate with China's international status and national strategic interests. The U.S. Coast Guard is the most powerful and mature maritime law enforcement force in the world, and Japan is the main country around China. Learning and understanding the experience and practice of marine rights protection and law enforcement personnel training of major maritime powers and China's major neighboring countries has important reference value for the formulation of China's marine rights protection and law enforcement personnel training strategy. On the basis of combing the relationship between the strategy of maritime power and personnel training, and the main problems faced by the personnel team of maritime rights protection and law enforcement, this paper analyzes the experience and practice of personnel training of maritime rights protection and law enforcement in the United States and Japan, and puts forward four countermeasures to strengthen the construction of personnel team of maritime rights protection and law enforcement. They are: 1) Strive to Build a Complete Training System of Marine Rights Protection and Law Enforcement Talents with "Academic Education + Professional Education"; 2) Attach Great Importance to the Cultivation of Practical Ability of Maritime Rights Protection and Law Enforcement Personnel; 3) Make Full Use of the Human Resources of the Army, Police and the People; 4) Deepening Exchanges and Cooperation to Cultivate Talents with International Vision.


The operator interface includes a user control panel with a touch sensor, a control unit and a display unit. The control unit is for controlling the display unit based on the touch sensor, configured. If the touch sensor detects contact with the user control unit, the control unit activates the display unit. In addition, the control unit can display one of the transacted using the user control element operator setting appropriate symbol and an indicative to the level of user-setting graphics.


(22) Filed: Apr. 28, 2004 A microfluidic chip with a built-in gravity-driven micropump is provided. The gravity-driven micropump comprises a (65) Prior Publication Data winding channel, an inert fluidic material placed inside the US 2005/0244283 A1 Nov. 3, 2005 winding channel, and a suction channel that links the winding OV. 5, channel to the microfluidic chip. The winding channel is for (51) Int. Cl. the inert fluidic material to flow in. A fixed volume of high BOIL 3/00 (2006.01) density, inert fluidic material is placed in the winding channel (52) U.S. CI 422/SO2:422/5O1422/5OO to act as a micropump in the bio chip. When the microfluidic ...---............... .............................. chip is placed in a declining or standing position, the inert (58) Field of Classification Search .....422/101 ?? fluidic material flows along the winding channel due to the See application file for complete search histo gravity. The invention provides a simple, convenient, and pp p ry. robust microfluid pumping source. With the built-in micro 56 Ref Cited pump, this invention is free-of-pollution and saves the manu. (56) eeeeeeCeS U e facturing cost for the pipe link between the bio chip and


Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a key role in intercellular communication. Cargo molecules carried by sEVs may affect the phenotype and function of recipient cells. Epithelial cancer cell‐derived sEVs, particularly those enriched in CD151 or tetraspanin8 (TSPAN8) and associated integrins, promote tumour progression. The mechanism of binding and modulation of sEVs to recipient cells remains elusive. Here, we used genetically engineered breast cancer cells to derive TSPAN8‐enriched sEVs and evaluated the impact of TSPAN8 on target cell membrane's diffusion and transport properties. The single‐particle tracking technique showed that TSPAN8 significantly promoted sEV binding via confined diffusion. Functional assays indicated that the transgenic TSPAN8‐sEV cargo increased cancer cell motility and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo, transgenic TSPAN8‐sEV promoted uptake of sEVs in the liver, lung, and spleen. We concluded that TSPAN8 encourages the sEV‐target cell interaction via forced confined diffusion and significantly increases cell motility. Therefore, TSPAN8‐sEV may serve as an important direct or indirect therapeutic target.


The problem related to the water Resource Engineering are mostly non-linear in nature. It is becoming a difficult task for large scale nonlinear optimization problems to obtain the optimal solutions. Since various conflicting demands such as irrigation, generation of power, industrial and municipal water supply etc. should be satisfied with water available in reservoir, the optimal operating policy for multipurpose reservoir is a necessity. Further, the growth in population, urbanization, deforestation and industrialization has increased the demand of water day by day. In recent times, it is also noted that the global warming became a threat that affects availability of water resources both spatially and temporally in several parts of the world. Conventional approaches are found to be insufficient to deal with this problem. To contract with objective function information and elude difficulties related to determine derivate or other auxiliary information various statistical test such Analysis of Variance, t-Test, F-test, Z-test, Curve Fitting, wavelet are used along with the evolutionary algorithm for reservoir optimization


Abstract Ten releases of Pseudacteon decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae), a classical biological control agent of imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the southern United States, were made at 8 different sites in Georgia (USA) over a period spanning 2000 - 2012. Intensive monitoring and survey activities were initiated in 2008 to delineate the dispersal and occurrence of the Pseudacteon spp. in the state. Results show that all 159 counties in Georgia have at least 1 species of Pseudacteon; P. curvatus Borgmeier is established 129 of those counties, P. tricuspis Borgmeier is established in 70 counties, and P. obtusus Borgmeier is established in the county in which it was released. Both P. curvatus and P. tricuspis occur together in 39 counties, and all 3 of the Pseudacteon species occur in the 1 county in which all 3 species were released. These results help target supplemental or additional releases of P. tricuspis, P. curvatus, and P. obtusus as well as releases of other candidate Pseudacteon species.


Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t-10, c-12 CLA) has positive effects on animal productions, one of them as depressor of milk fat (Baumgard et al., 2000). CLA is effective to produce depression of milk fat (Praise and Herbein, 1998; Chouinard et al. 1999a, b; Giesy et al. 1999), being t-10, c-12 CLA the effective isomer for this depression (Baumgard et al. 2000), also has been shown effective in sheeps (Lock et al. 2006). In this study, the aim is to verify the efficacy of two comercial sources of t-10, c12 CLA, as depressor of milk fat in two farms in real conditions. In one of them, was produced a significant depression on the percentage of milk fat after 18 days of treatment (from 3.66 % to 3.45 %), once stopped the treatment they recovered the percentage of fat produced at the beginning of the test (3.63 %). In the other farm, during the period in which the animals received the treatment, significant differences were not observed on the percentage of milk fat, as soon as the animals finished the treatment, neither significant differences were observed on the percentage of milk fat produced at the beginning of the test.


Ecological benefit is an important index in introduction and selection of wild groundcover plants. In order to select optimal wild groundcover plants, the level of carbon fixation, oxygen production, temperature decrease and humidity increase in 31 wild groundcover plants were measured using photosynthesis methods in this study. The ecological benefits of 31 wild groundcover plants were evaluated quantitatively and divided into three levels (strong, medium and weak). The results showed that Angelica decursive had highest capability of carbon fixation and oxygen production, and Lobelia chinensis had highest level of temperature decrease and humidity increase capability. Therefore, it is suggested that plants with papery leaf and leathery leaf might be applied reasonably in the landscape plants configuration for the general demands of ecological environment and garden sight.


A process for preparing the high-purity industrial water from the used high-temp circulated cooling water includes such steps as arranging a water purifying and treating unit including membrane distiller, and making part of said used high-temp circulated cooling water flow through said unit to obtain high-purity industrial water for boiler, or other industrial purposes. Its advantages are high purity and low cost. A method for controlling and optimizing its technological parameters is also disclosed.


Based on the daily precipitation data from 88 meteorological stations during 1961-2006 in Xinjiang,the spatial distribution characteristic of seasonal precipitation,precipitation changing trend and abrupt change were diagnosed by the methods of EOF,REOF,linear trend,Kendall-τ test,cumulative anomaly,student-t test and SNR(Signal-to-Noise).The results show that the first three loading vector fields of EOF could reflect the three whole abnormal anomaly structures of rainfall in each season in Xinjiang,for example,wet or dry in whole region pattern,wet(or dry) in southern Xinjiang and dry(or wet) in northern Xinjiang pattern,wet(or dry) in the west and dry(or wet) in the east pattern.Under a same restriction law,the REOF could obtain different climatic sub-regions of precipitation in different seasons: three sub-regions in winter,six in spring,seven in summer and five in autumn.In most sub-regions of Xinjiang,winter and summer precipitation experienced an outstanding abrupt increase in 1986,except in the west of southern Xinjiang where winter precipitation did not display abrupt increase tendency.The increase in precipitation in winter and summer responded to the increase of atmospheric precipitable water(APW) above relative sub-regions.Neither was there a significant ascending trend nor an abrupt change in spring precipitation in northern Xinjiang,but there was abrupt rise in most of southern Xinjiang although the time of abrupt change was different.As for long-term change,the north of northern Xinjiang,two sides of the Middle Tianshan Mountains and its eastern all showed no obvious increase trend of autumn precipitation except for a sudden increase in 1978,being the earliest in Xinjiang.The west of northern Xinjiang is the most sensitive area to climate change,where the precipitation in winter,summer and autumn all increased remarkably,but the abrupt increase of autumn precipitation happened in 1997,being 11 year later than abrupt changes of winter and summer precipitation,and about 30 years later than that happened in its eastern areas.


With the classical Golgi techniques, numerous types of neurons can be distinguished in the cerebral cortex, each with a specific dendritic geometry and pattern of axonal ramifications. In the present review we describe two techniques which allow quantification of synapses on identified neurons: (1) Golgi‐rapid impregnation‐gold toning‐electron microscopy, and (2) Golgi‐Kopsch impregnation‐gold toning‐electron microscopy in combination with staining of the tissue with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E‐PTA). Both techniques were applied on neurons in the visual cortex of young and adult rabbits. By means of rotating and tilting specimens in the electron microscope, the nondistinctive ultrastructure of obliquely sectioned synapses can be circumvented, leading to precise estimates of asymmetrical vs. symmetrical synapses without complete reconstruction of the neuron. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study aimed to understand how parents who adopt children with special needs perceive and experience these adoptions. These adoptions are considered necessary because these children are the least wanted by adopters, which leads to reflections about what would be the true meaning of adoption: finding a family for abandoned children or meet the needs of people who decide to adopt. A script was used to guide interviews with five mothers and one father. After transcription, interviews were analyzed by theme. Results show the dedication of parents with their children; the powerful force of prejudice; and the need to provide social support to parents. The conclusion is that the studied adoptions are been satisfactorily conducted, which suggest that the adoption of children with special needs can generate satisfaction despite the challenges it presents.


In a digital hierarchy with independent frame phases, when the frame synchronization is lost in some level, an out-of-frame event is propagated to the hierarchy and burst errors are generated. In this paper, we study methods for calculating the duration of the burst error that accompanies a hierarchical out-of-frame event. First, we discuss hierarchical reframing for a justification system, which is widely used as a digital hierarchy, and outline the characteristics of the parameters needed in the calculation. Next, we study two calculation methods, the detailed method and the approximate method. The detailed method accurately determines the burst error duration, and complex reframing is carefully reflected in the calculation. On the other hand, the approximate method simplifies the calculation by assuming relatively simple reframing. Finally, we demonstrate through numerical examples that the burst error durations agree relatively well between the two calculation methods. As a result, we expect to be able to apply the approximate method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 15–28, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10040


and the other is primary or secondary C1-6alkyl not containing an asymmetric carbon atom, C3-6cycloalkyl or phenyl(CH2)n-, wherein R4 is hydrogen, C-3alkyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, C 3alkoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, R5 is hydrogen, C-3alkyl, C-3alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, R5a is hydrogen, C1-2alkyl, C1-2alkoxy, fluoro or chloro, and m is 1, 2 or 3, with the provisos that both R5 and R5a must be hydrogen when R4 is hydrogen, R5a must be hydrogen when R5 is hydrogen, not more than one of R4 and R5 is trifluoromethyl, not more than one of R4 and R5 is phenoxy, and not more than one of R4 and R5 is benzyloxy, R2 is hydrogen, C1-3alkyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, C3 6cycloalkyl, C-3alkoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, trifluoro methyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, R3 is hydrogen, C1-3alkyl, C-3alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, phenoxy or benzyloxy, with the provi sos that R3 must be hydrogen when R2 is hydrogen, not more than one of R2 and R3 is trifluoromethyl, not more than one of R2 and R3 is phenoxy, and not more than one of R2 and R3 is benzyloxy, X is -(CH2)or -CH=CH-, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and Z is


An Adaptive Fault-tolerant Controller procedure for a class of the affine nonlinear system is developed in this paper. This methodology hides both the faults and external disturbances. Compare to the procedure that require separate fault detection, isolation, and identification units, the suggested method concentrates on fault hiding to reduce the units. The main merits of the proposed method are 1) guaranteed stability of the closed loop system, 2) convergence of the states of nominal and faulty systems to zero, and 3) convergence of the tracking error to the origin. The robustness of presented method is assured against external disturbances. Simulation result illustrate the effectiveness of proposed fault tolerant control.


Background: This paper enfolds a rapid and sensitive high‑performance thin‑layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of three triterpenoids namely ursolic acid, β‑sitosterol and lupeol from the leaves, flowers and herbal formulations of Rhododendron arboreum Smith., an ethnomedicinal Himalayan tree. All the three phytoconstituents have high therapeutic value. Aims and Objectives: The main aim is to separate, resolve and simultaneously quantitate the three markers‑ursolic acid, β‑sitosterol and lupeol from R. arboreum using normal phase HPTLC. Materials and Methods: Separation was performed on TLC aluminium plates precoated with silica 60 F254 followed by detection of ursolic acid, β‑sitosterol and lupeol carried out by derivatizing the plate with 10% methanolic sulphuric acid reagent followed by heating at 110°C for 7 min. Camag TLC scanner 4 equipped with winCATS software was used for densitrometric scanning at 366 nm. The proposed method was further validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy and sensitivity as per the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Results: A good linear relationship was obtained for the calibration plots with r2 = 0.999, 0.993 and 0.995 for ursolic acid, β‑sitosterol and lupeol, respectively. Accuracy of the method was checked by recovery study conducted at three different levels with the average recovery between 95% and 98% for all the three markers. Conclusion: The developed method can be used for the assessment of the quality of botanicals in terms of bioactive content. Key words: Ethnomedicinal, Rhododendron arboreum, simultaeneous estimation, triterpenoids


Stein-Leventhal Syndrome (SLS) is the major health problem that affects about 12–21% of women of fertility age. It causes important distress to women and so many costs for healthcare accounting. In fact, SLS is mainly causes of female infertility. The symptom of SLS is the changing definitions and a range of symptoms have made the path to diagnosis for many women difficult up to 70% of women with SLS in the community remain undiagnosed. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) assumed that 50% of women with SLS will become diabetic or pre-diabetic by age 40. There was a different available studies shown that the women with SLS to be at higher risk for suicide as well as endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer. SLS affects the quality of life and psychological disorders like worsen anxiety and depression either due to the features of SLS or due to the diagnosis of chronic symptoms.


On the basis of a spectroluminescence study of tellurite glasses doped with neodymium and ytterbium, a numerical analysis of the effectiveness of their use in plate-type luminescent solar energy collectors has been carried out. It is shown that the use of the coactivated glasses under consideration is most effective when the plate thickness is <1 mm and in comparison with glasses doped with neodymium only and permits a severalfold increase in the energy efficiency of the silicon solar cells coupled with the collector. The optimum neodymium content is about 2 x 10/sup 21/ ions/cm/sup 3/ and remains practically unchanged as the plate width increases, whereas the ytterbium content must be decreased from 1 x 10/sup 21/ ions/cm/sup 3/ to a stationary value close to 3 x 10/sup 20/ ions/cm/sup 3/ and achievable at widths of approx.20 cm.


Aims. We present a method of selection of 24 μ m galaxies from the AKARI north ecliptic pole (NEP) deep field down to 150 μ Jy and measurements of their two-point correlation function. We aim to associate various 24 μ m selected galaxy populations with present day galaxies and to investigate the impact of their environment on the direction of their subsequent evolution. Methods. We discuss using of Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm applied to infrared photometric data to perform star-galaxy separation, in which we achieve an accuracy higher than 80%. The photometric redshift information, obtained through the CIGALE code, is used to explore the redshift dependence of the correlation function parameter (r 0 ) as well as the linear bias evolution. This parameter relates galaxy distribution to the one of the underlying dark matter. We connect the investigated sources to their potential local descendants through a simplified model of the clustering evolution without interactions. Results. We observe two different populations of star-forming galaxies, at z med ∼ 0.25, z med ∼ 0.9. Measurements of total infrared luminosities ( L TIR ) show that the sample at z med ∼ 0.25 is composed mostly of local star-forming galaxies, while the sample at z med ∼ 0.9 is composed of luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) with L TIR ∼ 10 11.62 L ⨀ . We find that dark halo mass is not necessarily correlated with the L TIR : for subsamples with L TIR = 10 11.15 L ⨀ at z med ∼ 0.7 we observe a higher clustering length ( r 0 = 6.21 ± 0.78 [ h −1 Mpc]) than for a subsample with mean L TIR = 10 11.84 L ⨀ at z med ∼ 1.1 ( r 0 = 5.86 ± 0.69 h −1 Mpc). We find that galaxies at z med ∼ 0.9 can be ancestors of present day L ∗ early type galaxies, which exhibit a very high r 0 ∼ 8 h −1 Mpc.


It is generally felt that no major accuracy breakthrough in predicting the steady-state and transient performance of synchronous machines could be achieved without taking proper account of the iron saturation effects as well as eddy-current losses. Although the two issues were often treated separately in the past, this paper attempts to unite them by developing a general model covering both the main-path magnetic saturation and frequency effects in the dynamic equations. Mathematical analysis in the d-q space pinpoints cross-saturation coupling which, a priori, does not seem to be symmetrical for salient-pole machines. Yet the model is theoretically sound, since it fulfils at least the physical constraints using energy balance principles. Some test points from a 555-MVA turbine-generator are used for an initial assessment the model's capability to predict the field current and internal angle for various loading conditions.


Hadits position as law postulation to a certain extent provides perplexities to those arguing by. It happens due the existence of bodily contradiction (ta'arudh) among the hadits themselves. Mujtahids (Muslim Scholars) have not reached any agreement on what solution could be applied to reconcile the contradiction. However, the Mujtahids' method in solving the contradiction can be track through four steps. There are: Al Jam'u wa al-Taufik (talfiq), Nasakh, Tarjih and Tauqif. Author argues that although the scholars have not agreed with those four steps, they have to be applied in a raw. Means that one cannot surpass others. This has to be applied to gain well understanding about a hadist comprehensively. Kata Kunci: Hadits Mukhtalif, Ta'arudh al-Adillah


The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to identify the factors affecting the relationships between the organizational context for work innovation(organizational citizenship behaviors, IS innovation resistance, and user IT capability) and the intention of ERP extension usage, and second, to examine the mediating effect of the ERP performance on the relationships between the ERP adaptation and the intention of ERP extension usage. In order to achieve the goals of this study, data were obtained from 304 members of the seven organizations such as manufacturers, distributors and service industries, and were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0. The study results are as follows. There were positive effects of the organizational citizenship behaviors and the user IT capability on the change management activity. The IS innovation resistance had a negative effects on the change management activity. The change management activity had a positive effect on the ERP adaptation. The ERP adaptation had a positive effect on the ERP performance and the intention of ERP extension usage. The ERP performance had a positive effect on the intention of ERP extension usage. In addition, there was a partial mediating effect of the ERP performance on the relationships between ERP adaptation and intention of ERP extension usage. Based on these findings, the implications and limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.


Species ranges in mountain areas may shift both horizontally and altitudinally, resulting from climate change and anthropogenic impact. Two hypotheses (the abundant centre hypothesis and the contagion hypothesis) have been proposed to account for patterns of horizontal range contraction. However, undulating topograph causes a mosaic of unsuitable habitats, which may complicate the spatial pattern of range contraction. We develop a framework incorporating horizontal and altitudinal range contraction patterns of a species living in mountain areas, to better understand the underlying mechanisms of species range contraction.


The secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I and sex hormones declines with age. These changes are paralleled with the age-related decrease in muscle mass and muscle function. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and sex hormone (binding globulin) levels (testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with physical performance measurements (isometric knee extension and hand-grip strength, leg extensor power and functional mobility (timed 'Up and Go' test)) in healthy elderly men. Thirty healthy, independently living males (mean age 70 years, range 65–80) entered this cross-sectional study. Serum IGF-I and sex hormone (binding globulin) levels were not associated with muscle strength and power. A significant association between a good performance on the timed 'Up and Go' test (controlled for age, height and body mass index) and higher serum levels of SHBG (r = -0.43, p = 0.035) was found. Although caution is needed because of the small sample size in this study, we tentatively conclude that men with higher serum levels of SHBG perform better on the timed 'Up and Go' test.


RESULTS: EIAH was found in six trained subjects (ΔSaO2 -8.25±4.03 %). After exercise, ED was reduced in sedentary (-3.51±1.57 %, p<0.001) and non-EIAH trained subjects (-3.10±0.83 %, p<0.001), while no effect on ED was found in EIAH trained subjects (0.00±2.38 %, p<0.001). MCV rose equally in all groups (Sedentary: 2.21±0.85 fL; Non-EIAH trained: 1.83±0.26 fL; EIAH-trained: 1.80±0.15 fL; p=0.468). CONCLUSION: The ability of erythrocyte to undergo shape deformations depends of the ratio of cellular surface to cellular volume. Thus an increment of MCV would reduce ED. However this effect was not observed in EIAH subjects. The weakening of membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, which have been found to be O2-regulated, leads to decreased membrane stability and improved ED. So, the lowered SaO2 during exercise in the trained-EIAH subjects can explains the lack of exercise-induced effects on ED. This would prove to be an adaptive mechanism to improve pulmonary and muscular perfusion, and thus allows stabilization of muscular O2 and metabolism. It could, therefore, explain why high exercise intensity can be achieved despite impaired O2 arterial transport in the EIAH subjects.


Oxygen regulators are used in aircraft to regulate automatically the flow of oxygen to the pilot from a cylinder at pressures ranging up to 150 atmospheres. The instruments are adjusted to open at an altitude of about 15,000 ft. and thereafter to deliver oxygen at a rate which increases with the altitude. The instruments are tested to determine the rate of flow of oxygen delivered at various altitudes and to detect any mechanical defects which may exist. A method of testing oxygen regulators was desired in which the rate of flow could be determined more accurately than by the test method previously used (reference 1) and by which instruments defective mechanically could be detected. The new method of test fulfills these requirements.


ion and application The rule for abstraction is discussed above. The application rule checks both function and argument in a Deref context, and merges the two resulting environments, taking the most demanding mode on each side; a variabley is dereferenced by t u if it is dereferenced by either t or u. The constructor rule (elided; it may be found in the full paper) is similar, but constructor parameters appear in Guard context, rather than Deref. Recursive definitions The rule for mutually-recursive definitions let rec b in u is split into two parts with disjoint responsibilities. First, the binding judgment (xi : Γi )i ⊢ rec b computes, for each definition xi = ei in a recursive binding b, the usage Γi of the ambient context before the binding – we detail its definition below. Second, the let rec b in u rule of the term judgment takes these Γi and uses them under a compositionm′ i [Γi ], to account for the actual access mode of the variables. (Herem [Γ] denotes the pointwise lifting of composition for each mode in Γ.) The access modem′ i is a combination of the access mode in the body u and Guard, used to indicate that our eager language will compute the values now, even if they are not used in u, or only under a delay. Binding judgment and mutual recursion The binding judgment (xi : Γi )i ∈I ⊢ rec b is independent of the ambient context and access mode; it checks recursive bindings in isolation in the Return mode, and relates each name xi introduced by the binding b to an environment Γi on the ambient free variables. In the first premise, for each binding (xi = ti ) in b, we check the term ti in a context split in two parts, some usage context Γi on the ambient context around the recursive definition, and a context (x j :mi , j )j ∈I for the recursively-bound variables, wheremi , j is the mode of use of x j in the definition of xi . The second premise checks that the modesmi , j are ⪯ Guard, to ensure that these mutually-recursive definitions are valid. The third premise makes mutual-recursion safe by turning the Γi into bigger contexts Γ′ i taking transitive mutual dependencies into account: if a definition xi = ei uses the mutually-defined variable x j under the modemi , j , then we ask that the final environment Γ′ i for ei contains what you need to use ej under the modemi , j , that ismi , j [ Γ′ j ] . This set of equations corresponds to the fixed point of a monotone function, so it has a unique least solution. Note: because themi , j must be below Guard, we can show that mi , j [ Γj ] ⪯ Γj . In particular, if we have a single recursive binding, we have Γi ⪰ mi ,i [Γi ], so the third premise is equivalent to just Γ′ i def = Γi : the Γ′ i and Γi only differ for non-trivial mutual recursion. The full paper develops meta-theoretic properties of our inference rules, such as principality. 3 Meta-theory: soundness The full paper connects our inference rules to the operational semantics of Nordlander, Carlsson, and Gill [2008], with a more detailed consideration of what it means for a term to go wrong (which turns out to be quite subtle). We define a notion of forcing context — a context that really accesses the value of its hole — and a vicious term as one with a forcing context containing a variable whose definition has not been evaluated. Then we show soundness via the following theorems: Lemma 3.1 (Forcing-deref). If, for a forcing context Ef , Γ, x :m ⊢ Ef[x] : Return is derivable, thenm is Deref. Theorem 3.2 (Vicious). ∅ ⊢ t : Return never holds for t ∈ Vicious. Theorem 3.3 (Subj.red.). If Γ ⊢ t :m and t → t ′ then Γ ⊢ t ′ :m. Corollary 3.4. Return-typed programs cannot go vicious. 4 Extension to a full language: GADTs The combination of efficient compilation, non-uniform value representation, and features (GADTs, first-class modules) with subtle interactions between types and values introduces several challenges for checking recursive definitions in the full OCaml language. We sketch how our system naturally extends to one such challenge. At the point where the original syntactic check took place, on an untyped IR quite late in the compiler pipeline, exhaustive singleclause matches such as match t with () -> . . .) had been transformed into direct substitutions. With this design, programs of the following form are accepted: type t = Foo let rec x = match x with Foo -> Foo This appears innocuous, but it becomes unsound with the addition of GADTs to the language [Dolan 2016]: type (_, _) eq = Refl : ('a, 'a) eq let all_eq (type a b) : (a, b) eq = let rec (p: (a,b) eq) = match p with Refl -> Refl in p For the GADT eq, matching against Refl is not a no-op: it brings a type equality into scope that increases the number of types that can be assigned to the program [Garrigue and Rémy 2013]. It is therefore necessary to treat matches involving GADTs as inspections to ensure that a value of the appropriate type is actually available; without that change definitions such as all_eq violate type safety. 5 Closing remarks We have presented a new static analysis for recursive value declarations, designed to solve a fragility issue in the OCaml language semantics and implementation. It is less expressive than previous works that analyze function calls in a fine-grained way; in return, it remains fairly simple, despite its ability to scale to a fully-fledged programming language, and the constraint of having a direct correspondence with a simple inference algorithm. We believe that this analysis may be of use for other functional languages, both typed and untyped. It seems likely that the techniques we have used will apply to other systems — type parameter variance, type constructor roles, and so on. Our hope in describing our system is that we will eventually see a pattern emerge for designing "things that look like type systems" in this way. For reasons of space we refer the reader to the full paper [Reynaud et al. 2018] for a discussion of related work. 3 Alban Reynaud, Gabriel Scherer, and Jeremy Yallop


To assess the predictive value of endoscopic grading of gastric atrophy using Kimura–Takemoto classification, histological grading systems of operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) and operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) on risk stratification for early gastric cancer (EGC) and other potential risk factors of EGC.


2. Secular Movements in Production and Prices, Their Nature and Bearing upon Cyclical Fluctuations, Boston and New York, Houghton and Mifflin, 1930 3. Seasonal Variations in Industry and Trade, New York, NBER, 1930 4. National Income, 1929-1932, a report to the U.S. Senate, 73d Congress, 2d Session, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1934 5. National Income and Capital Formation, 1919-1935, New York, NBER, 1937 6. Commodity Flow and Capital Formation, Vol. 1, New York, NBER, 1938 7. National Income and Its Composition, 1919-1938, two volumes, New York, NBER, 1941 (assisted by Lillian Epstein and Elizabeth Jenks) 8. National Product in Wartime, New York, NBER, 1945 9. With Milton Friedman: Income from Independent Professional Practice, New York, NBER, 1945 10. National Product since 1869, New York, NBER, 1946 (assisted by Lillian Epstein and Elizabeth Jenks) 11. National Income; A Summary of Findings, New York, NBER, 1946 12. The Population of Philadelphia and Environs, and Labor Force and Employment Estimates, a Projection for 1950 Population and Economic Research Advisory Committee: A report to the Philadelphia City Planning Commission from the Population and Economic Research Advisory Committee, under the auspices of the Institute of Local and State Government, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 1946 13. Shares of Upper Income Groups in Income and Savings, New York, NBER, 1953 (assisted by Elizabeth Jenks) 14. Economic Change; Selected Essays in Business Cycles, National Income and Economic Growth, New York, W. W. Norton and Company, 1953


The present study examines the performance of the stage tonadilla during the colonial period, when works originating from the peninsula were performed, as well as during the Republic, when local composers began cultivating this genre. We shall establish the structural characteristics of what the press called tonadilla and what was considered operetta and, in disagreement with Jose Subira, it will become evident that the tonadilla does not undergo a process of Italianization but rather of a marked Hispanic slant. Once the Republic is installed and along with it the cultivation of the stage tonadilla by Venezuelan composers, this process will give way to a creolization introducing within the stage tonadilla local dances such as the meringue. We shall undertake a detailed study of this, and we shall establish the possibility that the origin of the meringue is in the tiranas of the peninsular tonadilla s of the previous century.


Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers, a condition characterized by hypoplasias and dysplasias of the nails peculiarly restricted to the index fingers, is assumed to be related to a peculiar grip of the thumbs leading to ischemia of the index fingers while the baby is in utero. This is based on our observation of a case two days after birth. Major characteristics of this condition, including index finger involvement and radial‐prone involvement of the nails, can be well explained by this hypothesis, as can exceptional cases of middle finger involvement. A case of acquired polyonychia is presented which also appears to favor the ischemia theory for this condition.


: Myiasis is considered a serious medical condition in animals and humans that occurs predominantly in tropical countries. Cochliomyia hominivorax is one of the main fly species that causes myiasis and the actual geographic distribution includes the Caribbean and all of South America, except Chile. The use of synthetic insecticides and endectocides in livestock for the myiasis treatment has resulted in insect resistance, while also causing residuals in the environment and contamination of animal food products. Biologically active compounds are considered an alternative for the sustainable management of insects, as they are biodegradable and less damaging to the environment. This study developed a nanoemulsion containing the essential oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia and evaluated its in vitro effects on C. hominivorax larvae. High pressure homogenization was used to develop the nanoemulsion. Larvicidal tests were carried out with the tested products using 15 larvae/repetition, for a total of 150 larvae per treatment. Five different concentrations of the nanoemulsion were tested shortly after preparation and after 120 days of storage. For the fresh formulation, at concentrations of 5, 7.5, 10, 13.5, and 15% (w/v) we found mortality of 28, 48, 70, 84, and 97%, respectively, while for the stored formulation, we found mortality of 17, 36, 51, 81, and 92%. The larvicidal effect was similar, except for the concentrations of 5 and 10% (w/v) ( p < 0.05). Our results show that the natural based B. dracunculifolia nanoemulsion can be considered a promising alternative for the treatment and control of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax .


A 3D diagnostic model including a suspended sediment transport module, ECOMSED, driven by the monthly discharge and sediment load of the Yellow River in 1983~1984, was applied to the Bohai Sea. The simulation of the temporal-spatial variation of SPM (suspended particular matter) concentration, sediment flux, and deposition rate was carried out. It could be seen that, the SPM concentration exhibited distinct seasonal variation, and the variation characteristic was similar for two years. Some of the fine sediment of the Yellow River extended to the western bank of the Liaodong Bay, but most of the sediment deposited around the estuary of the Yellow River, the deposition flux rapidly decreasing with the increasing distance to the estuary. The deposition rate was kept at 0.05~0.1 mm/a for most area, close to the in-situ data. There were two areas of high SPM concentration in the Bohai Sea, one of which could be attributed to the Yellow River discharge, and another one, located at the seas with intensive resuspension power, could be attributed to the tidal current energy. The sediment from the Yellow River was transported mainly along the track of the Lagrangian residual circulations. In one word, the suspended load transport was basically attributed to the wind-driven and tidal-induced Lagrangian residual circulations. The resuspension flux was related to the bottom currents: the larger the current speed, the more the sediment resuspended.


An antifogging antifouling laminate which comprises a base and an antifogging antifouling layer that is arranged on the base and has a smooth surface. The antifogging antifouling layer is a cured product that is obtained by curing an active energy ray-curable resin composition by means of an active energy ray. The active energy ray-curable resin composition contains a hydrophilic monomer having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group and a photopolymerization initiator. The content of the hydrophilic monomer having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group in the active energy ray-curable resin composition is 60% by mass or more. The surface of the antifogging antifouling layer has a contact angle with pure water of 90° or more.


Rich and colorful dress and adornment culture of the Miao nationality is a carrier of both material culture and spiritual culture.As a sign with a deep cultural connotation,it has become a textbook without words for middle and primary school students to learn the origin and history of survival and development of the Miao nationality,form a sense of ethnic identity and establish a view of harmonious relation between man and nature.


Nearly all evolutionary changes of species are accompanied by changes in body size. In very many cases a successive enlargement of body size takes place in phylogeny, a phenomenon known as Cope's Rule. This rule holds good especially for vertebrates, but for many groups of invertebrates as well (Cope, 1884, 1896; Deperet, -1907; Rensch, 1943, 1947). In other cases, chiefly among small insects, reductions of body size have taken place during evolution and are correlated with the reduction of certain normal structures, e.g., the wing veins. But in whatever direction the changes of body size occur, they are accompanied by alterations in the proportions of some organs and structures. This fact was partly known to G. Galilei (1618, p. 559). It was confirmed by B. Robinson (1748) with regard to the relative size of the heart, and by A. von Haller (1762) with regard to the relative size of the brain and eyes. These are organs that become relatively smaller with increasing body size. C. Bergmann (1847, 1852) gave a causal explanation of these changes of proportions by pointing out that organs which function as surfaces (such as epidermis, intestine, lungs) increase in growing organisms as the square, while the bulk of the body is cubed. Recently these problems were thoroughly analyzed by D'Arcy 'Thompson (1917), Klatt and Vorsteher (1923) and especially by J. Huxley (1932). Following Huxley we now speak of positive allometric growth when an organ grows more rapidly than the whole body, and of negative allometric growth when it grows more slowly. During the postnatal development of a bird, the growth of brain and eyes, for instance, is negatively allometric, i.e., at birth they are relatively much larger than in adulthood, whereas the growth of bills and legs is positively allometric. The proportion of an organ to the rest of the body may thus shift allometrically either during ontogeny or during phylogeny. If definite growth gradients are inherited, an increase of body size in a line of descent must be accompanied by large alterations in the proportions of parts of the body. Many orthogenetic changes of organs and many excessive characters can thus be interpreted (Huxley, 1932), provided there is a selective advantage in a steady alteration of body size, I believe I have shown the great probability of such a directed selection in lines of descent showing increasing body size (Rensch, 1947). It seems to be of great importance to point out that natural selection often acts primarily on body size and only secondarily 'on single organs. As a consequence, the proportions of the organs are changed. In cases of great size differences this may lead to a transformation of the structure of the whole body. It is therefore very important to study allometric growth in all groups of animals during ontogeny as well as phylogeny. Studies of growth gradients during ontogeny were made especially by J. Huxley and his school, first with the carapace and legs of Crustacea but later with many other characters of animals and plants. Though these embryological investigations have yielded copious quantitative data, they consist so far only of selected examples which show the applicability of the principle of allo-


If intraand interorganizational trust is truly important then it must be measured and managed to build sustainable competitive advantage. The Framework for Trust Management (FTM) integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior as a model for organizational change with the Integrative Model of Organizational Trust and the Interdisciplinary Model of Trust Constructs. Following an action research agenda, the framework is designed as a practical tool and addresses several known limitations of prior research: it addresses multi-level analysis issues, resolves the unidirectional limitations of prior models, recognizes that trust building is a dynamic process, and provides a guide to action so that management may intervene when trust violations occur. A Trust Management Inventory scale is developed and practical application of the framework is discussed.


Summary form only given. In crystals of potassium lithium tantalate niobate (KLTN), we observed that as the crystals are cooled to the phase transition there is an increase in the conductivity, which disappears immediately below the transition. This fact was the basis to the following holographic fixing process: First, a photorefractive (PR) space charge hologram is written in the crystal in the region where the conductivity is low, at 4 K above T/sub c/. The crystal is then cooled to the phase transition and then warmed up to its initial temperature. Finally an erasing beam is incident on the crystal until the space charge grating is erased. It was predicted that because the ionic species become mobile at the phase transition, a compensation of the PR space charge will occur. The ions will be frozen when the crystal is heated to its original temperature. Thus, after the PR space charge is erased, the frozen space charge will be exposed and the hologram it represents will remain fixed. This process was tested in a KLTN crystal with T/sub c/=170 K, doped with copper and vanadium.


The study by Gálan et al1 on identity based bullying (IBB) in multiracial/multiethnic adolescents in urban schools is both timely and important. Experiences of IBB in school are part of everyday life for many youth from racially/ethnically minoritized populations, such as Black and Latinx youth, and those experiences can take their toll on the mental and physical health of these youth. We know that youth from racially/ethnically minoritized populations who experience racial/ethnic IBB often report feeling depressed and anxious in school. Gálan et al1 extend these findings particularly for Black and Latinx high school students who identified with sexual minority groups. When experiencing harassment owing to their race/ethnicity or sexual orientation, these youth were more likely to engage in nonsuicidal self-injury and suicide ideation and to reduce seeking health care. This is a critical time to be studying consequences of IBB among multiple racial/ethnic groups, given the rise in hate crimes associated with COVID-19. Even preceding the pandemic, the US was already confronting a deep-seated political divide that has created new fears, threats, and feelings of discomfort among those who might be the targets of racist, ethnic, classist, homophobic, and antiimmigrant rhetoric and actions. Some studies have documented an increase in biased-based bullying in kindergarten through 12th grade schools in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as a 2019 study by Huang and Cornell.2 We are indeed living in challenging times. Against this backdrop—the data used in the study by Gálan et al1 were collected in 2019—this study raises a number of important issues that may be useful to researchers with a health focus studying IBB in school contexts. In this context, there are 3 issues worth further consideration: multiple stigmatized identities, the school context, and the developmental perspective. In these contexts, I focus is on individuals who experience IBB rather than those who perpetrate IBB or those who both experience and perpetrate IBB. I think that the mental and physical health correlates of experiencing and enacting IBB are quite different; adequately addressing those differences is beyond the scope of this commentary.


Conductivity in ceramics Ceramic materials are well-known since ancient times, they have been around as crockery, art pieces, and tiles, among others. They are identified as hard materials, which can withstand compression, even though they are brittle. Also, for being good thermal and electrical insulators. Nevertheless, there is always the exception to the rule, and the case of the electrical resistivity of ceramics is no different. There is a wide variety of conducting ceramics with different kind of applications. For example, indium tin oxide (ITO) is a transparent ceramic conductor [1], and it can be used as an electrode in solar cells; varistors usually made of silicon carbide (SiC) or zinc oxide (ZnO), are devices that can vary their electrical resistance in response to an applied dc-bias, and are used to protect integrated circuits from transient voltages [2]; another common application for conducting ceramics is as cathode materials in batteries as, LiCoO2 in lithium ion batteries.


[eng] Subsidies for young farmers : an analysis of the situation of 172 young farmers who set up on their own in 1973-74 - In order to check the decrease in the number of young farmers setting up on their own, a phenomenon that was giving rise to concern in certain regions, a subsidy for such farmers was introduced at the beginning of 1973. This aid amounted to 25,000 Francs, payable in three installments. At the beginning of 1976 this subsidy, a sum varying according to the region, was extended to the whole of France. . This study, carried out in 1976, concerning 172 young farmers was intended on the one hand to discover and describe the way they set up in business, and on the other hand to evaluate their economic and financial situation two or three years afterwards. . These farmers, aged about 26, for several years had assisted their parents ; they often marry after setting up on their own and their technical and educational level remains low. . In most cases, the family farm, whether owned or rented, is at the heart of the land that is to become the young man's farm. But half of those receiving this subsidy, are legally independent of their parents and family and autonomous as far as the land they farm is concerned. The farm is gradually built up and continues after they have set up alone. The increases in land are usually rented. . Their average farming income (31,000 francs) conceals great differences in their situation, and the great variety of debts and loans accorded shows up great inequality in their financial situation. . Two years after they have set up it appears that the two most important factors determining the level of their income and the financial situation of the farm are their parents contribution and the original state of the farm they have taken over. [fre] Pour tenter d'enrayer une diminution du nombre d'installations de jeunes agriculteurs devenue preoccupante dans certaines regions, une dotation d'installation au profit des jeunes agriculteurs a ete creee au debut de l'annee 1973. Cette aide qui a le caractere d'une subvention de demarrage forfaitaire se monte a 25.000 F, payables en trois versements echelonnes. Au debut de l'annee 1976, la dotation a ete etendue, avec des montants variables selon les zones, a l'ensemble du territoire metropolitain. . L'enquete realisee en 1976 aupres de 172 jeunes beneficiaires de l'aide, a pour but d'une part de mieux connaitre et de decrire le deroulement de leur installation, d'autre part d'estimer leur situation economique et financiere, deux ou trois annees apres leur etablissement en agriculture. . Ces hommes âges de 26 ans environ ont ete plusieurs annees aides familiaux de leurs parents ; leur taux de celibat diminue rapidement apres l'installation et leur niveau de formation reste mediocre. . Dans la grande majorite des cas, l'exploitation familiale, en propriete ou en fermage, represente le noyau essentiel de terres a partir duquel se constitue l'exploitation du jeune. Par contre, la moitie des beneficiaires de la dotation se trouve au regard de la situation juridique des terres qu'ils exploitent, en position d'autonomie et d'independance par rapport a leurs parents ou ascendants. La constitution de l'exploitation est progressive et se poursuit apres l'installation : les agrandissements s'effectuent surtout en fermage. . Leur revenu agricole moyen (31.000 F) cache de grandes disparites de situation, et une grande dispersion de l'endettement traduit les inegalites de situation financiere. . Deux ans apres ^'installation, l'importance de l'aide des parents et l'etat initial de l'exploitation reprise apparaissent comme les deux facteurs determinants du niveau de revenu degage, et de la situation financiere de l'exploitation.


The proton nuclear magnetic resonance is observed in two crossed capillary tubes embedded in a paramagnetic material in a constant external field. The resonance frequencies from the two capillaries depend on the respective demagnetizing factors. For Mn2O3 the two resonance lines are separated by 13.0 kc at 22.3 Mc, giving a mass susceptibility of 65×10−6 cgs, in agreement with values obtained by other methods. For a magnetic field homogeneity of about one part in 107 over the sample, the ultimate sensitivity of the method would be 10−7 to 10−8 susceptibility unit. Measurements can be made at low temperatures.


All branches of knowledge, art and literature contain multiple distinctions in themselves which distinguish them from one another. The Sufi Literature too, has many such feathers in its cap which make bring prominence to it mong the rest. Isharaat e Sufia – the metaphors and symbols, are of pivotal significance in this context.  Imam Qusheri (D.465)  has used many Ishaaraat i.e. metaphors and symbols, in his "Risala Qusheria" and explained their meanings to in sufistic context to avoid misunderstanding and confusion in their meanings by the preceding scholars and Salikeens. The words like Time, Space, Metaphysics, Ecstasy, Haal, Alhaibat, Being, Self and Jama ul Jama have their specific meanings in typical Sufi context. This helps avoide distraction regarding false meanings and hence, explanation of Sufi terms. This also restricts the students and scholars of Sufism in drawing and there after relying the wrong interpretation of Ishaaraat. In this article, a conscious effort has been made to explore the symbols and metphors of Sufism (Ishaaraat e Taswuf) and their meanmgs used by Imam Qusheri


The lecture materials are based on 40 years of experience of the A.M. Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies and the International Lymphoma Radiotherapy Group (ILROG). The rationale and clinical scenarios for the use of radiation therapy for the unfavorable course of Hodgkin's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are presented.


Combining with the factual examples and referring to the big variation of the used asphalt mixture,the paper has a test on the recycled materials of the old pavements,adopts the statistical method and analyzes the variation of the used asphalt mixture,furthermore,it points out the control measures of the discrete of the recycled materials,so as to have a better effect.


The subspecies Elephat maximus sumolrqnus, endemic to Smtara, occurs in discrete popubrtons o,cross much of the island. Its range in Sunatra has declined as a resuh of deforestation and increase in hwrun population growth. A study of tlrc populatbn of elephants in Way Kambas National Park (1300 brf) was carried out between 1984 and 1986 to determine the populatbn structwe, composition, Eex ratio, number, denity, bionass and impact on woody vegetation. Group size of the fanily units ranged from 43 anhrnls while, Iarger aggregatbns up to 45 aninals were no! unconunon. The most lrequently observed category wos that of tlu adult bull eleplwnt which accounted for 34Vo of all obsemations. In addition, there were also bull groups whose size ranged from 2-9 (average 4.4). Mean group size tends to be smaller during lhe dry season and larger during the rainy season. Population struclure is biased in faltour of the adults and srbadults. ,Sex ratio appears to be I:5 in favour of the fennles. The proportion of tuskers annng the adult bulls is about 287o - much higlwr tlan what is seen in Sri l-anla where it is less tlan I0?o. Logging in the past has created secondary vegetation capable S supporting elephans at higher densities than pritnary rainforest hahitats. Much of the eleplnnt danage to the vegetuion consisted of nwin-stem breaking. Tlv incidence of bark peeling was low given the abundance of alterrctive food available. It k estimakd tlut between 250 and 350 eleplnnts tnay occur in Way Kanhas, giving a crudz densiry of between 0.19 and 0.27 per lon2. The biotruss m6, range between 344 kgilar2 and 488 kgllan2. Elephants apryar to prefer woody vegetation with a stem girth between I-32 cm dbh. Trees above 32 cm dbh appear to have sonw irvnuniryfrom elephant damage. It is doubtful if elephants and economic thnber production can be compatible. Way Kambas needs to be better managed to improve the grazinglbrowsing opportunities for the eleplunts.


Feasibility of rapid estimation of haematocrit (Ht) in cattle was studied by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the short wavelength (SW, 700–1050 nm) region. The blood samples, held in standard vacuum blood collection tubes, were measured by a custom-designed, portable NIR spectrometer equipped with a Li-ion battery. Sufficient evidence for estimation of Ht was presented by searching the informative wavelength regions and comparing the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) with moving window partial least square regression (MW-PLSR). The result of the MW-PLSR indicated the importance of the water absorption band with a maximum at 970 nm and the absorption band due to deoxy-haemoglobin with a maximum at 760 nm in estimating Ht. Due to light scattering from blood cells, the optical density of the blood does not have a linear relationship to Ht, especially in the low Ht range. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of Ht, an appropriate transformation was proposed for Ht. We confirmed the usefulness of the SW-NIR in estimating Ht, and hope that this technique will replace the time-consuming conventional centrifuge method.


The efficiency of any transport operation isdependent on the degree to which vehiclecapacity is utilised on the forward and returntrips. Efficiency requirements create thelogistical challenges of finding backloads forreturning vehicles. In the absence ofbackloads, vehicles travel empty on the returnjourney. Construction is fundamentallydifferent from other freight services in thatapart from requiring large quantities of materialinputs, it also generates appreciable levels ofwaste. There is therefore, potential forreducing empty running by construction trucksthrough back-loading waste to points ofdisposal, reuse, recycling or reclamation.Back-loading, which is one of the reverselogistics processes is important for returningproducts that are damaged, obsolete or wornout and those unacceptable to buyers. Backloadingis also associated with utilising sparecapacity in the supply chain to increase returnon truck investment. This paper examines theoperations and processes associated withconstruction materials and waste logistics andassesses the potential for reduction in truckempty running through utilisation of thereverse logistics concept.


The Animorphs are given the power to pursue eighteen-year-old Henry--a human Controller who has discovered Elfangor's Time Matrix--through time, but one Animorph must pay for this power with his life.


![Figure][1]

Chromosomes (blue) line up across the middle of a control cell (left), but some chromosomes remain at the spindle poles in a cell lacking TRAMM (right). The mitotic spindle is labeled white, centromeres green.

A membrane trafficking protein moonlights during mitosis, helping


Li{sup +} ions with energies ranging from 0.3 to 2 keV are scattered from Au(110) and Pd(100) surfaces and from ultrathin Ag film grown on Au(111) in order to study electron transfer phenomena. We find that neutralization occurs quite efficiently and find an anomalous ion energy dependence of the neutral fraction for Au(110) and Pd(100) surfaces previously noted for Au(111). The dependence of the neutral fraction on the azimuthal angle of the Au(110) and Pd(100) surfaces is reported. In the case of Ag monolayer on Au(111), results are similar to the case of the Ag(111) surface. To understand the anomalous ion energy dependence, we present a theoretical study using density functional theory (DFT) and a linearized rate equation approach, which allows us to follow the Li charge state evolution for the (111) surfaces of Ag, Au, and Cu, and for the Ag-covered Au(111) surface.


In the mid-19th century, Samuel Butler in his article 'Darwin among the Machines' provided a theory for the iterative development of machines over time. Here, London-based architect, theorist, editor and writer Jack Self casts 'the modern city' as 'a multiplex superposition of network infrastructures', defined by hierarchical systems of information and material exchange. He argues that current informational technologies have the power to conversely hyper-centralise or hyper-localise the city, thus either encouraging disengagement or nurturing engagement with the emergent social practices of the city's inhabitants.


The paper is to study five elements conception and the basic theory of the plants field. From the perspective of the convalescent health, the paper discussed the construction ways and methods of ecological convalescent health plants field from the phytoncidere field, plants color field and plants form field through the five elements directions and relationship, by making use of the special properties of plant-made field. Then, the arrangement ways of five elements plants field, the selection of essence plants and the collocation of five elements on landscaping are also studied by a case study.


Multiple beam antennas can receive (or transmit) data on multiple beams simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to show the limitations of using IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) based schemes for medium access control (MAC) in such antennas. We provide four different variants of IEEE 802.11 DCF based on-demand protocols to study this phenomenon. Our simulation results and analyses emphasize the need to develop a novel MAC protocol to fully exploit the capabilities of multiple beam antennas. We further provide some embryonic guidelines for the development of such a protocol


Former child psychiatrist Charing Cross Hospital, London, and consultant psychiatrist, London Borough of Haringey (b 1908; q Oxford 1949), died from heart failure on 20 Apri1 2002.


Post-stroke hyperglycemia (PSH) is frequent in the acute phase of cerebral infarction and its pathophysiology is complex. PSH toxicity appears for low level (around 7-8 mmol/L) and it has been associated with worse outcome and increased mortality. EUSI and AHA recommendations are to lower glucose concentration when > 10 mmol/L. Recent studies (GIST, THIS, GRASP…) have assessed the feasibility and safety of an intensive insulin treatment at the acute phase of stroke. In these studies, intensive treatment is significantly better to lower PSH but increase the rate of hypoglycemia. Impact on functional outcome and mortality could not be evaluated. This article aims to describe 1- the effects of PSH, of insulin in cerebral infarction and to summarize the results of the main randomized studies on an intensive management of glucose lowering in stroke patients. Mots cles AIC, hyperglycemie, penombre, insuline


Abstract A thermodynamic model that allows one to determine the number and the stoichiometry of the complexes formed between trivalent lanthanide (Ln) nitrates—Pr(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Sm(NO3)3, Eu(NO3)3, Gd(NO3)3, and Yb(NO3)3—and octyl(phenyl)‐N,N‐diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide (CMPO) diluted in nitrophenylhexyl ether (NPHE) is presented in this work. The Mikulin–Sergievskii–Dannus' model was used to model the extraction at 25°C of the Ln(NO3)3–H2O–CMPO 0.2 mol kg−1–NPHE system with or without a salting‐out agent. The stoichiometric mean activity coefficients of components in the aqueous phase were calculated from experimental data using the Mikulin's equation, whereas the activity coefficients of the species in the organic phase were calculated from the Sergievskii–Dannus' equation. A satisfactory description of the distribution of lanthanide nitrate and water was then obtained over a wide range of lanthanide concentration in the aqueous phase by taking into account the formation of the following complexes: [Ln(NO3)3](CMPO)3 (1:3), [Ln(NO3)3](CMPO)2 (1:2), and [Ln(NO3)3](CMPO) (1:1).


To support the development of low-damage concrete structures, a system level shake-table test of a full-scale low-damage concrete wall building implementing state-of-art design concepts will be conducted on the multi-functional shake-table array at Tongji University as part of an international collaborative project. The test building has two stories and was designed with selfcentering concrete walls and slotted beams. Different floor systems and wall-to-floor connections were incorporated in the test building to investigate common designs and detailing. A number of alternative energy dissipation devices were also installed at the wall base or/and slotted beam joints of the building. To provide a pre-test predicting and prepare for the further test building analysis, numerical models of the test building frames in long span and short span directions were established in OpenSees. Multi-spring and lumped plasticity elements were adopted to simulate the self1 Professor, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 (email: firstname.lastname@example.com) 2 PhD Candidate, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 3 Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 1142 4 PhD Candidate, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 5 Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 1142 6 Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 1142 7 Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Uni. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 8041 8 Professor, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 Zhou Y, Gu A, Lu Y, et al. Large-Scale Shake-Table Test on a Low-Damage Concrete Wall Building: Numerical modeling and analysis. Proceedings of the 11 th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. centering walls and slotted beam joints, respectively. The isolating wall-to-floor connections were considered in short span direction frame model. The simulation results under cyclic loading were used to validate the design of the test building, and showed that the test building achieved the low-damage structural design philosophy with good energy dissipation. The model will be used to further predict the results of the test building subjected to earthquake ground motions. Eleventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Integrating Science, Engineering & Policy June 25-29, 2018 Los Angeles, California Large-Scale Shake-Table Test on a Low-Damage Concrete Wall Building: Numerical Modeling and Analysis Ying Zhou 1 , Anqi Gu 2 , Yiqiu Lu 3 , Yi Xiao 4 , Richard Henry 5 , Ken Elwood 6 , Geoff Rodgers 7 , T.Y. Yang 8


Tourism has become a prevalent discourse in Indonesia, considering that in the last few years, Tourism has become the highest contributor to the commodity revenue line. Paying close attention to the integration of tourism certainly involves multidiscipline in it so that efforts to develop tourism require integrated efforts from various parties as well as multidiscipline. It is essential to realize that the attractions of tourism in Indonesia can consist of everything that has a uniqueness, beauty, and value in the form of the diversity of natural, cultural, and human-made diversity. In real terms, it can be observed that cultural heritage is one of the valuable assets owned by a country (Indonesia) in supporting the development of tourism. Culture is a way of life that develops, is shared by a group of people, and is passed down from generation to generation. The culture referred to is the result of reason and reason, so that philosophy can be understood as originating from nothing, then thought by reason and ideas, then becoming. The process of creating a culture can logically be protected by Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright). During this time, the copyright-protected in Indonesia based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright is an Individual Right. It is understood that the copyright needed to protect cultural heritage is communal rights. How to regulate and apply copyright protection Communal communities will be studied more deeply so that there is a comprehensive and integrated model for protecting cultural heritage in Indonesia.


Given a synchronous wireless network with N nodes uniformly located at random on a finite plane, we consider the problem of distributed peer discovery: all nodes want to discover as many other nodes as possible. We assume that there are a total of K physical resources dedicated for the discovery purpose. Each node can pick one resource to transmit its node identifier on, and can receive on the remaining K-1 resources. We assume that node identifiers are broadcast via coded transmission on one single physical resource. This paper addresses link level strategies to increase the average number of discovered devices when N ≅ aK, where a is the degree of density of the network. A classical strategy of discovering one node per resource would lead to a maximum of K-1 nodes being discovered. We focus on a multiple-access channel (MAC) scernario where multiple interferer users are jointly decoded. We propose a scheme to improve the performance. The method, based on iterative belief propagation on factor graph, is called joint iterative decoding (JID). It is shown, through system simulations, that JID may gain by significantly more than 100% over the classical single-user decoding, and by 20-25% over the successive interference cancellation (SIC).


Abstract Procedures for characterization of lyotropic nematics in cylindrical capillaries by optical microscopy in orthoscopic geometry are presented. Typical textures due to surface alignment allow unambiguous characterization of Nc (cylindrical micelles) and Nd (discotic micelles) phases. Typical textures due to the compromise between surface and magnetic alignment allow unambiguous definition of the sign of the diamagnetic anisotropy susceptibility δχ. The textures allow also estimates of anisotropies of elastic constants for Nd lyomesophases.