The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the Intellectual Capital Accounting (ICA) literature by investigating the barriers to IC measurement and how they can (re)shape IC measurement projects. The paper presents an interventionist case study of a company which has been measuring its IC for several years. It focuses on some emblematic situations in which barriers arose during the design and implementation of IC indicators followed by a (re)moulding of the IC measurement project within the organization. The case analysis revealed two barriers: the heavy workload that the design and calculation process of IC indicators entails and the perceived limited reliability of those indicators. These barriers did not lead to a complete failure of the project, but acted as a "filter", resulting in the discontinued use of those indicators that were not perceived as useful or reliable and in the adoption of those that the managers actually considered useful. While this hindered a complete implementation of the ICMS, it promoted a selection of IC indicators and a legitimation of those that subsequently became part of the management control system. While previous studies explore how barriers can hamper the design as well as the implementation of an ICMS, this paper sheds light on what happens to IC measurement projects when the magnitude of barriers is not so significant as to lead to the complete failure of the project. This offers a new and different view of the barriers related to the adoption of ICMSs. Rather than considering them as factors which can interrupt IC measurement, they could be seen as factors which can challenge the implementation of the ICMS, strengthening those IC indicators that are perceived as reliable and useful and eliminating or disregarding those that did not meet expectations.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the prevalence of hypertension (HBP) in adults with vulnerability, the percentage of them with previous diagnosis and the proportion that had adequate control.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Blood pressure was measured in 7 838 adults who participated in the Ensanut 100k. Those who self-reported the diagnosis of HBP or had systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥80mmHg were classified as hypertensive. Controlled blood pressure was considered when SBP was <130mmHg and TAD <80mmHg.

RESULTS
The prevalence of hypertension in adults with a vulnerability condition was 49.2%, of which 54.7% did not know had hypertension. Of the hypertensive patients who received pharmacological treatment (69.0%), 66.8% of them had blood pressure under control.

CONCLUSIONS
Almost half of Mexican adults in vulnerable condition have HBP and of these more than half do not know that they have this disease. One third of hypertensive adults have inadequate control.


A theorem proved by Lee states necessary and sufficient conditions for an LC network of a special structure to be able to realize an arbitrarily prescribed set of natural frequencies. A new proof of the sufficiency of these conditions is presented here. The proof is based upon a recent mathematical result and provides, in addition, bounds upon the element values in such an LC network realizing a given set of natural frequencies.


Organ transplant is life‐saving and any given organ may be valuable to a multitude of potential recipients. An allocation system must be used to reconcile the difference between supply and demand, and this system must take into account the impact that accepting international patients may have on the local system. The principles for allocation must be clear, equitable, provide utility and must be monitored so as to maintain public trust. The impact of the system on metrics deemed to be critical must be measured. Finally, strategies must take into account the local culture, size of the region to be supported, the number and experience of transplant centers, and the resources of the healthcare delivery system. Our focus is on the United States, recognizing that strategies and challenges may vary across countries.


The utility model provides an excircle aligning tool which comprises a graphite core arranged at the inner side of a product to be aligned, an excircle aligning sleeve arranged at the outer side of the product to be aligned, and a graphite sleeve arranged at the outer side of the excircle aligning sleeve, wherein the excircle aligning sleeve adopts a plurality of sector structures arranged at equal intervals. The excircle aligning tool is convenient to dismantle, and can improve the working efficiency.


Dissatisfaction with body shape, often found in adolescents This makes teenagers apply various ways to get the ideal body by carrying out an extreme diet, adolescents often get stuck with unhealthy eating patterns. Teens want drastic weight loss, so that they apply inappropriate behavior in reaching the ideal body. This study aims to determine the relationship between BMI and Body Image. Non-experimental research design (cross sectional) was applied where the population is all PGR Senior High School students in Cipayung sub-district, East Jakarta. The number of samples analyzed was 202 respondents. Analysis of the data that is used was univariate, Chi-square and multivariate tests (Simple Logistic Regression). The results of the study found a significant relationship between BMI and Body Image, no significant relationship between age and body image, there is asignificant relationship between gender and body image. Recomended that the PGRI High School education will further enhance cooperation with the Puskesmas related to the implementation of health education on balanced nutrition so that students are more confident about body image and health.


The relationship between parental atopy, breast‐feeding, early solid food diet and the rate of eczema was studied in a birth cohort of 2‐year‐old children. Rates of eczema varied significantly with parental atopy and solid feeding: children of atopic parents given solid food during the first 4 months had over two‐and‐a‐half times the rate of eczema of children not given solid food and who had non‐atopic parents. Further, rates of eczema increased in almost direct proportion to the number of different types of solid food that the child had been given during the first 4 months. Breast‐feeding had no significant effect on rates of eczema.


In the long sustained diplomatic dispute over the sovereignty of the Mosquito Coast between the states involved, stands the line of conduct of Chancery of New Granada, seeking to defend its independence and territorial integrity in this strip of coast, using arguments and titles ambiguous.


The use of virtual reality as an assistance technology is of wide interest [2, 9, 10]. In particular, recent work in the use of virtual reality to help users manage psychological challenges has been fruitful [5, 7, 11]. In this poster, we present a student capstone project, focused on studying users experience focused on anxiety driven by task completion. This VR experience, named 'ANX Dread', immerses users into a mildly stressful environment of a malfunctioning spaceship with simple puzzle like tasks to complete. The experience, built with Unity, includes an integrated heart-rate monitor. The project was built as a part of the capstone experience for the 'Computing for the Interactive Arts' minor for the 2018-19 academic year by a team of five students from various academic backgrounds. This poster presents the system and a study reflecting the user's sense of anxiety within the experience.


Summary In this stated theses about application of artificial neural networks for a problem of classification of rocks on saturation on such classes, as brine or oil saturation on the basis of parameters received during researches by a method of nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on them, the following results were obtained, the accuracy of correct answers is 93% when adjusting the resonance of the echo spacing 0.25 m/s. The following conclusions were drawn about the need to exclude nuclear magnetic resonance from research if these data will be used for this task.


What drew me to a study of coal miners? While working on a doctoral dissertation at the University ofVirginia in the mid-1970s, I discovered an unused, virtually unknown collection of papers on the Borderland Coal and Low Moor Iron companies. These records were stored in the attic of a men's dormitory and no one seemed interested in them. I vowed to explore them once I had completed my dissertation. In 1982, after I had sent another study to press, I turned my attention to the two collections. At about the same time, the Hagley Library of Wilmington, Delaware, announced the opening of a large and rich collection of Westmoreland Coal Company records, previously stored in a bathhouse. My teaching interests in the Appalachian South grew with my research. In 1981 I offered at Virginia Tech a new course on the history of Appalachia. In 1982 Ronald Eller's Miners, Millhtmds, and Mountaineers filled an enormous gap in our knowledge of industrialization in the mountains, and it has been for years a great teaching resource. But the most magnetic attraction of all, perhaps, was Shifflett's Hollow, a part of Bacon Hollow in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia where my father and his relatives came to settle before the displacement to make way for the Shenandoah National Park. In Wilma Dykeman's terms, I have heard the sounds, seen the sights, tasted the foods, smelled the odors, and felt the presence of poverty. Nothing has


Gas amplification structures are built on top of the microchips by means of wafer post-processing. A complete radiation imaging gaseous detector is obtained this way. The purpose of the research presented in this thesis is to develop the technology needed to fabricate the previously mentioned radiation imaging detectors and determine its performance.
Integrated Micromegas-like and GEM-like structures were fabricated on top of Timepix CMOS chips. Single electron efficiency, measured by counting the number of detected electrons from an 55Fe conversion in Ar/iC4H10 (95/5) was found to be well above 90%. The detector provides high single electron efficiency and three dimensional reconstruction of the trajectory of electrically charged particles. It has a fine pixel pitch and a low mass. All these features make it a suitable candidate for tracking of charged particles in future detectors like ATLAS or CMS after the LHC upgrade or the International Linear Collider.
Micromegas-like and GEM-like structures can be compared fairly as same materials and dimensions can be used. It was found that GEM-like structures having a large amount of insulator perform worse than similar Micromegas-like structures. The maximum achievable gain before sparks appear is lower for GEM-like than for Micromegas-like. When the amount of insulator is reduced in the GEM-like structures, having recessed insulator walls with respect to the metal electrodes, the performance is similar to Micromegas-like structures.
Multistage detectors on top of Timepix chips were also built using wafer post-processing. The devices were fully operational and cosmic rays could be detected. The spark rate of multistage detectors compared to single detectors must be studied further.
Spark damage is a common problem in gaseous detectors. Sparks can destroy the readout electronics. We have deposited a-Si:H and SiRN on Timepix chips. We have shown that these high resistive layers deposited on top of the CMOS chip can help to reduce the spark problems. Discharge energy is reduced and microchips can survive discharges that otherwise would destroy them. Future detectors no longer need to be spark-less as they can now be made spark proof.


Objective To determine the neurotrophic effect of rh-HBNF on regeneration of injured peripheral nerve in rats. Methods A sciatic injury model was induced in SD rats. Sixty female SD rats with induced sciatic injury were randomly divided into HBNF-treated group and control group. In the following 3 days 10μl (0.1mg) rh-HBNF and 0.9% Nacl were injected (q.d) to the injured sciatic nerve of both groups respectively. At the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th weeks, six rats from both groups were sacrificed respectively, the pathological exams were performed. The sciatic function indexes(SFI) of remaining 6 rats in each group were examined till week 10. Results The SFIs in HBNF-treated group were higher than those in control group (P0.05) at the 2nd and 3rd weeks; the results of pinch test were also higher in HBNF-treated group than those in control group at the 2nd and 3rd weeks (P0.05). Histological findings showed that the cross-sectional areas of distal nerve and the proximal nerve, the nerve pass rate and the myelinated axon diameter in HBNF-treated group were all greater than those in control group(P0.05 or P0.01). Conclusion rh-HBNF may promote the recovery of the injured peripheral neural system.


Engineers have traditionally considered sulfate attack on concrete structures as an underground problem. However, recent investigative work has amassed considerable evidence of sulfate attack on the above ground components of concrete structures. This paper reviews findings of a research project with respect to the prevalence of attack, its extent, and the identification of structures at risk. Improvements identifying sulfate attack are discussed and performance of sulfate resisting and blended cements is reviewed. Relevant reviews are presented from the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States that demonstrate that sulfate attack of above ground components of highway structures is more widespread than previously thought, sometimes as a result of lack of diagnosis/misdiagnosis.


Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy experience postoperative pain. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of some drugs can be effective for relief of pain after laparoscopic surgery. The effect of intraperitoneal application of tramadol on pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy was studied in this randomized, double-blinded study. At the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy 63 patients received the following injections in randomized manner: Group A (n=33) was given intraperitoneal tramdol (1 mg/kg in 50 ml saline) and 500 ml intravenous (i.v.) saline ; Group B (n=30) received intraperitoneal 50 ml saline and 100 mg tramadol intravenous followed by 300 mg tramadol in 500 ml intravenous saline during 24 hours. VAS pain, sedation score and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were recorded at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after surgery. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse of each patient were recorded before and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after operation. Postoperative analgesic and antiemetic consumption were also assessed. Intraperitoneal tramadol reduced overall pain for the first four hours after surgery. Intraperitoneal tramadol reduced consumption of supplementary postoperative analgesic and antiemetic medication. Intraperitoneal administration of tramadol is effective and therefore recommended in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


To the editor:

The "classical" International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), based on cytogenetics, marrow blast percentage, and number of cytopenias, has played a major role in prognosis assessment in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).[1][1] The recently published revised IPSS (IPSS-R), using


Sipsongpanna was a Tai pre-modern state located at the southernmost part of present-day Yunnan Province of China. Sipsongpanna paid tribute to both the Chinese and Burmese dynasties. This paper illustrates how China and Burma were involved in the politics and culture of Sipsongpanna in 1837 by analysing Captain McLeod's 1837 Journal as a main source of information. It was found that the court of Sipsongpanna was influenced by Chinese culture, especially the costume and language. The court had Chinese clerks and a secretary who took minutes of official meetings and prepared dispatches for China. However, there was no institutionalized high position for Chinese in the court of Sipsongpanna. On the other hand, the Burmese Sitke, the resident military officer, was treated as one of the highest-ranking persons in the court. He had rights to participate in formal meetings and parties at the court. The Sitke and his followers were supplied by Sipsongpanna with provisions. The Sitke also regularly received considerable amounts of money from tolls levied on crossing the Mekong River. The Sitke was able to exert a strong influence on the decision-making and behaviour of the rulers of Sipsongpanna.


The water level in a river defines the nature of flow and is fundamental to flood analysis. Extreme fluctuation in water levels in rivers, such as floods and droughts, are catastrophic in every manner; therefore, forecasting at an early stage would prevent possible disasters and relief efforts could be set up on time. This study aims to digitally model the water level in the Kabul River to prevent and alleviate the effects of any change in water level in this river downstream. This study used a machine learning tool known as the automatic autoregressive integrated moving average for statistical methodological analysis for forecasting the river flow. Based on the hydrological data collected from the water level of Kabul River in Swat, the water levels from 2011–2030 were forecasted, which were based on the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion as 9.216. It was concluded that the water flow started to increase from the year 2011 till it reached its peak value in the year 2019–2020, and then the water level will maintain its maximum level to 250 cumecs and minimum level to 10 cumecs till 2030. The need for this research is justified as it could prove helpful in establishing guidelines for hydrological designers, the planning and management of water, hydropower engineering projects, as an indicator for weather prediction, and for the people who are greatly dependent on the Kabul River for their survival.


Murpholugically coiisidered. the sexual phases of ants, as is well known. are male, queen and worker: tlie idea is prevalent that a con-espondingpliysioloo-ical distinction exists; tlie male having the function of produciug spermatozoa, the queen that of producing eggs, the worker that of carrying on all the other functions necessary to the life of the colony. Naturally morphological characteristics were first recognized and have been more Avidely used in Classification than those of a physiological nature. One of the most universally true and therefore most widely used. morphological characteristics


Excessive proliferation and myofibroblasts transformation of cardiac fibroblasts play a critical role in the process of cardiac fibrosis. Atorvastatin (ATV), a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, is commonly used to treat hypercholesterolemia. It has previously been shown that ATV has potential anti-fibrotic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of ATV against cardiac fibrosis remain to be fully elucidated, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports focusing on the effects of ATV on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced human ventricular fibroblasts (hVFs) activation. In the present study, hVFs were stimulated with TGF-β1 with or without pretreatment with ATV. Subsequently, hVF proliferation, cytotoxicity, myofibroblast differentiation and pro-fibrotic gene expression were assessed. Canonical and non-canonical signaling downstream of TGF-β1, such as Smad3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, were investigated by evaluating the phosphorylation levels of Smad3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The results indicated that ATV significantly prevented TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation and production of extracellular matrix proteins, such as matrix metalloproteinase-2, collagen I and collagen III, in hVFs. Furthermore, ATV effectively inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation of Smad3 and MAPK signaling in hVFs. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that ATV prevented TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis in hVFs, at least in part by inhibiting the Smad3 and MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, these results imply that ATV may be a promising agent to treat myocardial fibrosis.


A hospital based prospective study was conducted to determine the pattern, age of onset and contributory factors to early onset of presbyopia in a major referral center in south western Nigeria between October 2001 and September 2003. Patients with any systemic or ocular pathologies and anisometropia of more than one dioptre were excluded from the study. The study revealed that 15.5% of the patients had presbyopia before age 40 years. The youngest age of presentation was 33 years. Majority of these presbyopic patients were students (29.4%) and teachers (24.5%). Males had higher degrees (>3.00ds) of presbyopic errors than females. Increased visual task is a major factor contributing to onset before 35 years. It is concluded that Presbuyopia sets in much earlier in Nigerians and increased visual activity is a major contributing factor. Nigerian Journal of Surgical Sciences Vol.16(1) 2006: 7-11


Cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) is a solid-state material additive manufacturing method where the particulate feedstock is accelerated under high pressure and relatively low temperature to supersonic condition to develop thin coatings or 3D freeform objects. In this paper, a literature review of the CGDS state-of-art, explanation of fundamentals of gas dynamic principles required to generate supersonic flow condition, and demonstration of a flow model based on computational flow dynamics (CFD) are presented. The focus of the preliminary 3D CFD model validation is the demonstration aerodynamics structures such as shocks that appear in the CGDS problem.


Augmented reality (AR) is a combination of a real scene viewed and a virtual scene generated by a computer. This paper introduces fuzzy inference techniques into AR. The fuzzy inference based AR enhances a region of interest (ROI) in medical images using expert knowledge expressed with fuzzy if-then rules. Therefore, the AR enables users who are not familiar with such medical images to observe the ROIs as well as expert's observation. Especially this paper discusses the fuzzy inference based AR in MR Cholangiopancreatography images. The AR enhances tube-formed tissues such as the pancreatic duct. In this case, a step for finding the tissue using fuzzy inference is included. We apply the proposed the fuzzy inference based AR to three subjects. Through experimental results, we showed the pancreatic duct was successfully found from any subjects and could clearly augment the 3D shape of the pancreatic duct.


We have calculated the Bardeen-Stephen contribution to the vortex viscosity for uniaxial anisotropic superconductors within the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) theory. We focus our attention on superconductors with a mismatch of anisotropy of normal and superconducting characteristics. Exact asymptotics for the Bardeen-Stephen contribution have been derived in two limits: the cases of small and large electric field penetration depth (as compared to the coherence length). Also we suggest a variational procedure which allows us to calculate the vortex viscosity for superconductors with arbitrary ratio of the coherence lenght to the electric field penetration depth. The approximate analytical result is compared with numerical calculations. Finally, using a generalized TDGL theory, we prove that the viscosity anisotropy and, thus, the flux-flow conductivity anisotropy may depend on temperature.


Cloud computing has become a significant computing model in the IT industry, but Security and privacy are very important issues in cloud computing. In existing system access control in clouds are centralized in nature However, storing sensitive data on untrusted servers is a challenging issue for this model.
 To guarantee their confidentiality and proper access control of outsourced sensitive data, classical encryption techniques are used. However, such access control schemes are not feasible in cloud computing because of their lack of flexibility, scalability and in terms of access control definition.
 Instead, Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) techniques, A new fine-attribute based data control scheme for secure data storage in clouds that supports anonymous authentication. this mechanism is nested in between fine-grained and attribute based encryption mechanism, which uses for Creation of access policy, file accessing and file restoring process.
 In this scheme key aggregation is also used with respect to usage of key mechanism. F-ABE (Fine-Attribute Based Encryption ) schemes and creates a secure way for authenticity and integrity maintenance for user's sensitive data, stored on Cloud Server.


To achieve the broad utilization of the full functionality of graphene (GR) in devices, a transfer method should be developed that can simplify the process without leaving residue of the insulating supporting layer on the surface of GR. Furthermore, stable GR doping without the use of an insulating polymer is required. Here, a new GR transfer method that uses a popular conducting polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is reported as a new supporting layer for the transfer of GR films that are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The GR/PEDOT:PSS bilayer can be directly utilized without the removal process. Therefore, this transfer method simplifies the transfer process and solves the residue problem of conventional transfer methods. The stable doping of GR films is simultaneously achieved by using the PEDOT:PSS layer. The new GR/PEDOT:PSS hybrid electrodes are fully functional in polymer solar cells and polymer light‐emitting diodes, outperforming the conventionally transferred GR electrodes and indium tin oxide electrodes.


Release 30-Aug-2015; temporarily restricted to redact images 6-Mar-2017. / redacted 2 images at author's request; after author approval loaded redacted version and made item publically available. 7-Mar-2017/ Kimberly


This correspondence deals with stochastic stability for a multiloop nonlinear system and gives a theorem for the system to be asymptotically stable in the large with probability one.


Research by the author is the Effect of Socialization Compulsory Nine- Year Basic Education Against Public Participation in the Field of Education in Sub Argasunya Harjamukti District of Cirebon. The problem that the writer suggested was the participation of society, especially in the field of education in Sub Argasunya Harjamukti District of Cirebon not maximized, the problem allegedly caused by the non-optimal implementation of the socialization program of compulsory nine-year education by the Cirebon City Department of Education. The research method that I use is a survey method, with quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. The research question asked, is there any influence of socialization program compulsory nine-year education on community participation in village Argasunya Harjamukti District of Cirebon. In the research showed that the result of socialization conducted by the Department of Education of City of Cirebon is quite good, but not optimal, as seen from the success of socialization which reached 65.6% with a total score of 3938, and community participation in education is quite good but not optimal as it reached 64.2% with a total score of 3854. the implementation of the program socialization compulsory nine-year education has a fairly close correlation to the participation in the Village Argasunya Harjamukti District of Cirebon to the value ryx count 0,645 and 0,000 is a significant value less than 0.05 (0.000 <0.05). Because of the significant value less than 0.05 then there is a positive and significant influence between the socialization of education programs on community participation in education. Thus H0 (the null hypothesis) is rejected and Ha (Alternative Hypothesis) is received.Keywords: Socialization, Compulsory, Public Participation.


The purpose of this study was to predict group co-leader satisfaction using personality, leadership style, and perceived compatibility of theoretical orientation. Fifty-four co-leader pairs (n = 108 group leaders) completed the NEO–Five Factor Inventory, Leadership Characteristics Inventory, Co-Therapy Relationship Questionnaire, and Co-Therapist Inventory. Co-leaders' perceptions of theoretical compatibility, and differences in co-leader confrontational style, best predicted co-leader relationship satisfaction. In addition, co-leaders who selected their own co-therapist and those in experienced pairs were significantly more satisfied. Implications and recommendations for future research and for selection of co-leadership pairs and supervision of co-led groups are discussed.


a particular devotional stance towards God, and a rule of faith. The confession of faith that the crucified victim was the Lord shapes the construction of those texts in a vivid way. Another criticism concerns the reality of forgiveness. One must applaud A.'s construal of eschatology as God's approach to us in the form of forgiving victim. However, it appears tendentious to focus on Cain's creative ability to accept forgiveness from a miraculously risen Abel without also mentioning Cain's act of contrition; one searches in vain for a serious grappling with the question of personal responsibility. I would likewise argue, against A., that a New Testament ethics is still possible provided that it skirts neither the communal vision of eschatology nor the personal taking stock of self found in the Gospels. None of this detracts from the frequent profundity of A.'s book. Its didactic potential is hard to exaggerate: imagine combining Girard's theory of sacred violence with Balthasar's sensitivity to the drama of love in God's crucified form and couple this with a Dostoyevskian ear for the disruptive power of Scripture. Some will be alarmed by the absence of an extensive scholarly apparatus, though this does not make the work less erudite. Rather than tiresome expatiation of secondary literature, A. opts for "little stories" drawn both from the Bible and from the lives of Brazilian prostitutes dying of AIDS. The significance of this approach has been underrated. Even while deriving a universal claim from God's final reshaping of the cosmos, Christian eschatology can never detach itself from the story-shaped witness of women and men who place God's glory above their own. If eschatology is to take its cue from the mind of Jesus, then it must begin with little stories.


The starburst galaxy M82 shows a system of Hα-emitting filaments that extend to each side of the galactic disk. We model these filaments as the result of the interaction between the winds from a distribution of super stellar clusters (SSCs). We first derive the condition necessary for producing a radiative interaction between the cluster winds (a condition that is met by the SSC distribution of M82). We then compute three-dimensional (3D) simulations for SSC wind distributions that satisfy the condition for a radiative interaction, as well as for distributions that do not satisfy this condition. We find that the highly radiative models, which result from the interaction of high-metallicity cluster winds, produce a structure of Hα-emitting filaments that qualitatively agrees with the observations of M82, while the nonradiative SSC wind interaction models do not produce filamentary structures. Therefore, our criterion for radiative interactions (which depends on the mass-loss rate, the terminal velocity of the SSC winds, and the mean separation between the SSCs) can be used to predict whether or not an observed galaxy should have associated Hα-emitting filaments.


The θ-function method is used to calculate pressured parts inside boiler as the fourth stage on the lifetime evaluation and has the advantages of high precision and long extrapolation over Larson-Miller extrapolation formula.In order to achieve lifetime on line monitoring of pressured parts inside boiler,the lifetime prediction programs are designed and programmed using VC based on θ-function method,and the data fitting of θ-function is realized in this paper.Then the analysis on creep lifetime loss is conducted from the data fitting results and the calculating processes of creep lifetime loss are given.Finally,according to the operating data,the online evaluation is undertaken with θ-function method for creep lifetime loss analysis of a high-temperature superheater outlet header using metal P91 in a power plant.The θ-function method is used to evaluate pressured part lifetime loss in this power plant based on the practical operation data.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the genetic relationship among the different populations of Bupleurum chinense DC.,B.scorzonerifolium Willd.and B.longiradiatum Turoz,and to determine them in molecular level.METHODS 3 cultivars and 4 wild groups of Bupleurum were collected to study the genetic relationship between them with RAPD markers.The Jaccard genetic distance was calculated by DPS v7.05;cluster analyses were carried out and the genetic dendrogram was established by means of UPGMA.RESULTS 7 random primers amplified 65 bands(91.5%)among a total of 71 that revealed polymorphism.A total of 71 bands were amplified,of which 91.5 % bands were found to be polymorphic.Genetic distance was from 0.2308 to 0.9756.The results of cluster analysis showed that all the tested accessions could be differentiated by RAPD marks.CONCLUSION There actually existed much genetic diversity among the germplasm resources of Bupleurum at the molecular level.RAPD Markers can be used to determine germplasm resources of Bupleurum and indicate its genetic relationship,then provide important information for cultivation,breeding and conservation of B.chinense.


ABSTRACT The case of a 40-year-old woman with primary ovarian, thyroidal and adrenocortical deficiencies is presented. Pallor due to vitiligo, and the previous report of no detectable amount of gonadotropin in the urine, led to the clinical impression of pituitary insufficiency. The subsequent appearance of diabetes mellitus made this diagnosis less likely, as did the failure of urinary or plasma steroid levels to respond to ACTH administration, and the failure of the thyroidal I131 uptake or serum protein-bound iodine level to rise after TSH administration. The primary nature of the ovarian, thyroidal and adrenocortical deficiencies was confirmed by the demonstration of gonadotropin in the urine and of ACTH (Nelson) and TSH (McKenzie1) in the blood. The etiology of the multiple primary glandular deficiencies is unknown.


This paper deals with the difficulties in carrying out seismic reflection work in areas covered by very thick gravel beds. A considerable amount of field work was done to test the methods of multiple shooting and multiple receiving. It was found that by employing such field techniques, the quality of reflections, especially the deeper reflection events are greatly improved. Proper selection of the various parameters of the multiple shooting and multiple receiving patterns, such as the maximum permissible explosive charge, amount of total charge, number of individual charges or seismometers of a single pattern of shooting or receiving and its area, is very important for further raising the useful wave energy among the disturbing background and at the same not to complicate the field operations too much. Under different geological conditions the effect of directivity, the average and statistical effects of multiple shooting and receiving are found to be quite different. Some actual field facts are included for reference, in the form of tables and graphs.


We thank the editors for the opportunity to respond to Dr. Farris' comments on our recent JAALAS article1. The fact that Dr. Farris believes that our study was unethical and scientifically flawed, despite rigorous institutional IACUC and JAALAS review and approval, indicates a misunderstanding of the purpose, design, conduct, or conclusions of our study. The purpose of our study was two-fold: (1) to assess the efficacy of buprenorphine and indomethacin on post-surgical recovery rates of mice implanted with radiotelemetry devices and (2) to improve post-surgical dosing strategies by providing oral analgesics and avoiding injections that may be painful.

To ensure effective analgesia, we gave buprenorphine by injection on the day of surgery and provided indomethacin orally 24 h later. Dr. Farris' major contentions were that we provided buprenorphine "at an extremely high dose rate" and neglected to provide the drug "at appropriate intervals to assure analgesia." Rather, Dr. Farris asserts that he uses a buprenorphine dosing regimen (0.5-1.0 mg/kg provided 30 minutes before and every 8-12 hours after surgery) that ensures recovery from major abdominal surgery within 48 h in most of the animals under his care. However, Dr. Farris did not provide details (e.g., the route of administration, types of surgeries, or species for which the efficacy of this regimen has been determined) that would allow us to validate his claims. Although the dose we used (0.3 mg/kg sc) is admittedly a high therapeutic dose, its use in our study design was hardly without precedent. According to Roughan and Flecknell2, analgesiometric testing by several laboratories found the ED50 of subcutaneous buprenorphine in mice to be between 0.25-2.0 mg/kg while Flecknell and Liles3 showed a dose-dependent increase in the duration of analgesia in rabbits with doses as high as 0.3 mg/kg. Furthermore, Goecke et al. reported that a single subcutaneous dose of buprenorphine at 2.0 mg/kg did not depress food intake in either surgical or non-surgical mice, in contrast to a multiple dosing regimen similar to that suggested by Dr. Farris. Based on these previous studies, our use of a single 0.3 mg/kg sc dose of buprenorphine was not "extreme" and may have afforded a longer duration of pain relief than Dr. Farris' recommended dose.

However, in light of our observed inhibitory effects of buprenorphine on food intake, we suggested (Discussion, p. 15) that a lower therapeutic dose (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) may be beneficial. In reference to his suggestion to use more frequent dosing, Dr. Farris fails to recognize that our experimental design required an oral route of administration. Oral administration is not feasible with buprenorphine because its rate of high first-pass elimination by the liver significantly reduces its efficacy after oral administration. Thus, providing multiple oral doses of oral buprenorphine in this study would have been scientifically and ethically inappropriate, as pain relief would not have been assured. To overcome this limitation and ensure more adequate pain relief, we provided oral indomethacin and acknowledged (Discussion, p. 16) that our 24 h dosing interval was likely insufficient to ensure effective analgesic relief for the entire time period, and should likely be shortened to ≤12 h intervals.

Finally, for Dr. Farris to suggest that our "paper will be used by investigators at other institutions to justify withholding opioid analgesics" is neither credible nor justified from our study conclusions. We specifically emphasize that our study results, which were specific to male C57BL/6J mice intraperitoneally implanted with a radiotelemetry device, may not be the same for other mouse strains or genetic knockouts. Our data suggest that substituting an oral NSAID for a parenterally injected opioid may promote surgical recovery of mice, but this in no way provides a rationale for withholding any type of analgesic. According to the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (SCAW) newsletter "the mainstay of oral analgesic therapy in rodents" is NSAID drugs, which are also recommended for long-term parenteral applications5. We agree that NSAID analgesia offers significant advantages that make them worth considering in any animal research program, but as scientists ultimately concerned with long-term pain relief and advancements in animal care and well-being, we suggest that further work is necessary in this area to determine the optimal analgesic and dosing regimen for pain relief in all species.

Collectively, we have over 20 years of experience with intraperitoneal implantation of radiotelemetry devices and are intimately familiar with the impact of these devices on post-surgical recovery rates in mice and rats. Despite extensive experience with this technique, our laboratory remains committed to ensuring improvements in post-surgical analgesia and will continue to explore new methods to ensure optimal pain relief for the animals under our care.

Letters to the Editor
Letters discuss material published in JAALAS in the previous 3 issues. They can be submitted through email (gro.salaa@slanruoj) or by regular mail (9190 Crestwyn Hills Dr, Memphis, TN 38125). Letters are not acknowledged upon receipt nor are the authors generally consulted before publication. Whether published in full or part, letters are subject to editing for clarity and space. The authors of the cited article will be given an opportunity to respond in the same issue in which the letter is published.

Sincerely,

Michael D. Blaha, MS

Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760

Lisa R. Leon, PhD

Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760


The DEPFET structure consists of a "eld e!ect transistor integrated on high-resistivity silicon, which can be used as a radiation detector. Due to several features (e.g. very low noise at room temperature, information storage capability and a thin, homogeneous entrance window), the DEPFET concept is useful for various applications. In order to apply a DEPFET pixel detector in autoradiography, 64]64 matrices with a pixel size of 50 lm]50 lm were built. Using several ASIC chips for the readout control and signal processing, a complete sensor system allows a row-by-row detector readout with almost continuous sensitivity. First results on the device homogenity, the quantum e$ciency and the very promising noise performance are presented.


Wind energy is one of the alternative energy sources with a great potential in world energy production. The  design, simulation and manufacturing stages of the wind turbine are explained throughout this study. After creating  the design, the blade and airflow behaviors of the turbine are examined in the simulation environment. Then, the  components required for turbine production are manufactured and supplied according to the technical drawing.  Finally, the turbine is manufactured and the alternator performance is observed according to the blade rotation speed.


SUMMARY Many types of forestry research experiments yield data which, without some transformation, will yield an invalid test of significance. A general procedure for transforming data for analysis is suggested. Examples are given of four methods of transformation appropriate to particular types of experiments, with brief details of analyses with and without transformation. These examples show clearly how misleading conclusions may be obtained from certain results if tests of significance are made without transformation. The advisability is suggested of critically examining any count data from forestry experiments before attempting a test of significance. No attempt is made to describe the derivation of the various transformations, but suitable references are given.


Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the predominant pathologic protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The production and deposition of Aβ are important factors affecting AD progression and prognosis. The deposition of neurotoxic Aβ contributes to damage of the blood–brain barrier. However, the BBB is also crucial in maintaining the normal metabolism of Aβ, and dysfunction of the BBB aggravates Aβ deposition. This review characterizes Aβ deposition and BBB damage in AD, summarizes their interactions, and details their respective mechanisms.


The intersection of syndemics and health, which was founded on the work of Merrill Singer in the 1990s, is making a resurgence for anthropologists and global health professionals, particularly in r...


The invention relates to an improved antenatal training strip, which is an auxiliary appliance special for a pregnant woman to perform antenatal training on a fetus. The antenatal training strip is characterized in that: the antenatal training strip is middle-separated strip equipment sewed by a flexible cloth material, and particularly an accommodating part for accommodating a sounding device and a sound source output device is arranged inside the strip-shaped equipment; fixing sections are formed at two ends of the strip respectively; a sticky button is respectively arranged on the fixing section and can adjust the circumference of the equipment surrounding the human body; the sounding device in the accommodating part consists of four loudspeakers; the loudspeakers are embedded on the surface of the antenatal training strip through plastic neck rings which are fixed on the surface of the antenatal training strip; every two loudspeakers are communicated through a lead and are externally connected with an external connecting wire of a connector; the connector is connected with different sound source output devices, such as a walkman or MP3 player; and the connector can also be connected with the sound source output device through a miniature power amplifier. The pregnant woman can perform antenatal training on the fetus anytime and anywhere through the antenatal training strip, and the antenatal training strip has practicality.


The competitive market place today demands the best of everything-quality, cost and schedule. The ontime delivery of an error-free product at minimal cost are standards that demanding customers expect and good suppliers continually strive to meet. It is no easy task to strike an effective balance where quality is accomplished without sacrificing schedules and incurring unplanned costs-and to do so consistently, release after release. There is no silver bullet. However, there is a great deal of merit to establishing a well thought out process before-hand, planning the product release steps carefully, and monitoring and controlling the entire release cycle with discipline. I propose to share, from a tester point of view, the approach and experiences from the ontime, at-budget, zero defect delivery of one software development project-approximately 400,000 lines of code, with a very large and diverse customer base. In my opinion, the apriori definition and, more importantly, the buy-in from all the players in the project for the End-to-End test process and the disciplined release management of the project contributed significantly to the success story for this software project.


Zirconia (ZrO2) films with reticular structure, to be used as support in catalysis, have been deposited on AISI‐304 stainless steel held at 473 K by spray pyrolysis using aqueous solutions of zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O) as precursor. As‐deposited films and films annealed in air to different temperatures after deposition have been studied by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and XPS. It was found that the crystal structure of the ZrO2 films changes from amorphous to tetragonal and that the films were uniform and well adhered to the stainless‐steel substrate for annealing temperatures up to 773 K. However, films annealed to 873 K crack and peel off from the substrate owing to the growth of an interfacial oxide layer between the ZrO2 film and the stainless‐steel substrate. The fracture, which leads to delamination of the ZrO2 film, occurs through the interfacial oxide layer. XPS depth profiling revealed that this interfacial oxide layer is of varying composition (containing iron, chromium and nickel) with depth. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract : The absence of Marxist-Leninist ideological motivation for insurgencies following the demise of the bipolar Cold War international order has not resulted in a reduction in insurgent activity. In the post Cold War world, insurgency remains the most prevalent expression of armed conflict. Following the collapse of leftist ideology, the sources of external support are the most changed aspect of insurgent warfare. Although the providers of external support and their impact on individual rebellions have changed, the costs for accepting outside patronage have remained relatively constant. In the future, the United States may find it necessary to aid a nation under siege from an insurgent movement. In these circumstances the Geographic Combatant Commander remains the best-positioned resource to orchestrate counterinsurgent efforts and protect the nation's vital interests. When assisting friendly governments and countering external support to insurgent movements, the CinC must balance and leverage all the elements of national power in order to succeed.


Today's workforce is characterised by an increasing mix of people with varying career aspirations, work motivators and job satisfiers. This paper discusses the intergenerational nature of today's workforce, which is currently dominated by the age groups commonly referred to as Baby Boomers and Generation X. The Baby Boomers defined and redefined work during the last quarter of the twentieth century, but as they track towards retirement, GenXers' valued work patterns and their career and life aspirations are increasingly dominating. This paper draws on a body of literature about a younger generation of workers and the current world of work in today's knowledge society, and discusses possible implications for the teaching profession, particularly for attracting and retaining young people as teachers.


We have found that the gas sensitivity of α–Fe2O3 ceramics can be greatly enhanced by controlling its microstructure by adding quadrivalent Ti, Zr or Sn. These metals have the effect on suppressing the grain growth and crystallization, and consequently increasing the specific surface area of the sensing element. With Sn in particular, the sensing element consists of ultra-fine grains as small as about 100 Å and has an extremely large specific surface area of 125 m2/g. However, the additives are effective only in the presence of the sulfate ion, which is considered to localize mainly on the surface of the α–Fe2O3 grains. Thus the surface of the grains, which is fairly amorphous, is thought to play an essential role in the gas sensitive mechanism.


AbstractFormwork is a very important component in the construction industry and can have major impacts on a project's budget. The process of selecting a suitable formwork system becomes very import...


Content based search in audio-visual collections requires media specific analysis for extracting low level features to be efficiently indexed and searched. We present the SAPIR media framework for analyzing digital content and representing the extracted features in a common schema. The framework contains splitters of compound objects to simple objects to deal with complex media like videos, using image and speech analyzers. The extracted features are then merged into a common representation. We report us-age of this framework in the SAPIR demo.


The invention relates to a dilator for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass. The dilator is provided with a support, a fixed blade, a movable blade, a regulating plate, a regulating knob, supporting rods and a foot stand. The support is provided with a retainer connected with the fixed blade, one end of the retainer is connected with one end of a side plate, the other end of the side plate is connected with a first mounting plate, the first mounting plate is connected with a second mounting plate, and a slot is formed at the junction of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate. The regulating plate is inserted in the slot, fixed with the support through the regulating knob and capable of moving up and down along the support. The movable blade is arranged below the regulating plate. The supporting rods are plugged on the second mounting plate and capable of moving up and down and fixed relative to the second mounting plate. The foot stand is mounted at the bottom end of the support. The dilator can realize lifting of incisions, turning of upper margins, regulation of width and oblique angle and help operating staff to get good operation visual field, and is good in stability and high in safety.


This dissertation examines two instances of twentieth century Australian children's literature focusing on the issue of race through the analysis of the Australian landscape and fauna and how they are depicted, particularly in Australian bush fantasy books —written by white Australian authors— and in Aboriginal Literature for children. The dissertation analyses Norman Lindsay's The Magic Pudding (1918) and Dick Roughsey's The Rainbow Serpent (1976) and explores the implications of colonialism and the role of picture books in Australian children's literature. Through the use of anthropomorphised animals and plants, authors are able to convey different meanings depending on their target audience and whether the author is an Aboriginal person or a white Australian.


It is the direct motive of economy's development in the knowledge economy era.But Jilin province person-nel's loss is severe in enterprises and schools since the beginning of reform,which produced unestimatable loss for Jilin economic construction and development.Today Jilin must hold professionals in order to prosper its economy.The paper analyses the reason of Jilin's personnel loss and how to strengthen human resource management in order to withdraw capable personnel,to provide human resource safeguard for Jilin's economy.


The continuous flow of carbon from the land and water through the atmosphere and living organisms makes up the global carbon cycle [1]. It contains reservoirs where carbon is stored and features dynamic flows of carbon between the carbon pools [2]. Forests are one of the largest reservoirs of carbon on Earth [1], and therefore their storage and release of carbon have a great impact on the global carbon cycle. With 10% of the world's forests, Canada's carbon balance is especially dependent on the flow of carbon into and out of forest ecosystems [3].


We propose to use nonlinear shape functions represented as neural networks in numerical coarsening to achieve generalization capability as well as good accuracy. To overcome the challenge of generalization to different simulation scenarios, especially nonlinear materials under large deformations, our key idea is to replace the linear mapping between coarse and fine meshes adopted in previous works with a nonlinear one represented by neural networks. However, directly applying an end‐to‐end neural representation leads to poor performance due to over‐huge parameter space as well as failing to capture some intrinsic geometry properties of shape functions. Our solution is to embed geometry constraints as the prior knowledge in learning, which greatly improves training efficiency and inference robustness. With the trained neural shape functions, we can easily adopt numerical coarsening in the simulation of various hyperelastic models without any other preprocessing step required. The experiment results demonstrate the efficiency and generalization capability of our method over previous works.


/?-form of TI1X4 compounds (X=C1, Br) has crystal structure, shown on Fig. 1 and belonging to space group Z)|| (I4/amd) (1,2). By both halogenides a phase transition to an incommensurate phase was detected at lower temperature (3). In the new phase a displacive modulation of halogene positions is superimposed on the paraphase structure which is called the basic structure. The displacement wave is incommensurate with the high temperature crystal structure (£ = c\l—5)/Z). The electric field gradient (EFG) tensor felt by the nuclei which were equipositional in the paraphase, becomes modulated congruently with the displacement wave. In the following the correlation between the atomic displacements in the incommensurate phase and the corresponding nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) line distribution (because of the modulation of the EFG tensor) is discussed!


Hyperhomocysteinemia is a non-traditional independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is highly prevalent in Western dialysis patients, while its prevalence in the Middle East is unknown...


Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have been recognized as a promising technology for large‐scale, long‐duration energy storage of renewables (e.g., solar and wind) by overcoming their intermittence and fluctuation. However, simultaneous demonstration of high energy densities and stable cycling are still challenging for AORFBs. Herein, asymmetrically substituted sulfonate viologen molecular designs, e.g. (1‐[3‐sulfonatopropyl]‐1′‐[4‐sulfonatobutane]‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (3,4‐S2V), as capacity dense, chemically stable anolytes for cation exchange AORFBs are presented. The robust cycling performance of 3,4‐S2V is confirmed using half‐cell and full‐cell flow battery studies at pH neutral conditions. The 3,4‐S2V based AORFB is demonstrated with a discharge capacity of 23.2 Ah L−1 for 1700 cycles or 100 days without observing chemical degradation. Furthermore, a 3,4‐S2V/(NH4)4[Fe(CN)6] AORFB with a discharge capacity of 259.9 mAh is demonstrated for 50 days of authentic energy storage for the first time with a total capacity retention of 97.77% or a temporal capacity retention rate of 99.955% per day, representing the most stable, longest cycled AORFB to date.


Samples for analysis were taken from foetuses obtained from surgical abortions in the 4th to 6th month of pregnancy, carried out a t the Gynaecology Clinic, Uppsala. Only specimens from abdominal caesarean sections could be used. I n none of the cases was the woman suffering from any somatic disease. Blood from the foetus was obtained from the umbilical cord, great care being taken to avoid haemdlysis. Venous blood from the woman was in all cases collected wit,hin 2 hours of t,he removal of the foetus.


AbstractNickel sulfide (NiS) as a cathode material for a lithium rechargeable battery is charged and discharged at room temperature (30 8C). Inorder to synthesize a homogeneous NiS phase, mechanical alloying (MA) was adopted. The homogeneous NiS phase is easily formedafter ball milling for 12 h under Ar atmosphere. The ball-milled NiS particles are relatively larger than those of the starting materials andhave a nanocrystalline structure. The initial discharge capacity of the NiS positive electrode is 580 mAh/g-NiS, at 1.4 V versus Li/Li . 1The NiS powders synthesized by MA show proper cycling properties, by retaining 65% of the initial discharge capacity even after 100cycles at 30 8C. Also, NiS has a good rate capability. It has 87% of its theoretical capacity at a current rate of 2 C, comparable with that of1/6 C. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Electrode materials; Energy storage materials; Mechanical alloying; Electrochemical reactions 1. Introduction development on the basis of performance, cost and availa-bility [1–12]. However, the study of the nickel sulfideThe most crucial parts in any battery as well as in (NiS) system has not worked out well. The Li/NiS systemlithium secondary batteries are the materials constituting was studied as a promising primary battery during thethe negative and positive electrodes. In particular, a early stages of the development of lithium batteries. NiSmaterial that is used for the positive electrode of the has a good electronic conductivity and a high energylithium secondary battery should have a high discharge capacity of 590 mAh/g. The cathodic reactions of NiS iscapacity, a low cost and an excellent cycle life for a long as follows [13]:time use. Among the various candidates for cathode2Li


We are interested in collaboration domains between a robot and a human partner, the partners share a common mission without an explicit communication about their plans. The decision process of the robot agent should consider the presence of its human partner. Also, the robot planning should be flexible to human comfortability and all possible changes in the shared environment. To solve the problem of human-robot collaboration with no communication, we present a model that gives the robot the ability to build a belief over human intentions in order to predict his goals, this model counts mainly on observing the human actions. We integrate this prediction into a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) model to achieve the most appropriate and flexible decisions for the robot.


The purposes of this research were to study the effects of the fraction of evaporator bypass (BP) on heat pump dryer performance and the energy efficiency of two systems of heat pump dryer: the Vary Speed Drive Heat Pump Dryer (VSD-HPD) and the Bypass Working Fluid Heat Pump Dryer (BWF-HPD). For the VSD-HPD, the speed of the compressor varied by using the inverter to control the heating load inside the drying chamber and for the BWF-HPD, the external condenser was used to control the heating load inside the drying chamber. The laboratory scale heat pump dryer was constructed by combining these two systems into one. These experiments used the sliced bananas as the testing materials. The diameter of each sliced banana was 30–35 mm. and the thickness was 5 mm. the initial moisture content of sliced banana was approximately 215–229% dry basis. The experiments were carried out by using the fraction of evaporator bypass as 60%, 70%, and 80% consequently. The working system of this heat pump dryer is the closed loop system which has the constant temperature as 60 °C and the air velocity is 1.27 m/s. This present study is conducted to find out the drying rate (DR) and the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) of both heat pump dryers. It can be concluded that the BP had slight effect on the performance of the VSD-HPD whereas it mostly affected the performance of the BWF-HPD. The comparison of the average DR and SMER of these two systems of heat pump dryers from all experiments presented that the obtained rate of the VSD-HPD were better than the BWF-HPD. The average SMER of VSD-HPD with 60% BP was 0.55 kg water evaporated /kW h.© 2007 ASME


This study is concerned with constuction of a Computable Genereal Equilibrium(CGE) Model to analyse economic effects of sectoral infrastructure investments. The model can allow us to scrutinize how the sectoral allocation of total government resources and the procurement through foreign borrowings and taxation can affect Korean economy dynamically. It is based on the neoclassical approach with a few institutional factors such as persistent unemployment and limitations on commodity substitutions, focusing on the real side of economy in 1990. The CGE model is composed of three main module: the supply, the demand and the price. The supply module contaions production, labor demand and supply, and sectoral wage, while the demand module including investments and consumption of private and public sectors, and trade. The CGE model has 255 equations with 317 variables including 62 exogenous variables such as foreign exchange rate, world commodity prices, and government consumption and investments. The model can be applied to the evaluation of public measures designed for the provision of the infrastructure and its procurement.


This paper analyses the alternative compressed air supplying of the main reservoir with or without air source in a DF 11 quasi high speed locomotive.During the locomotive's running, the main reservoir works in two different states (compressor in working or stopped) to output compressed air. According to the equations of energy,mass and state,the instantaneous pressure changing ratio of the main reservoir has been deduced.Through the linear processing,the simplified equations of the "start stop" cycle T and the frequency f of the locomotive's air compressor are obtained.Based on the equations just mentioned, the paper analyses the influential factors on f and points out the ways to decrease its value.


Rough set theory is a relatively new mathematical tool to deal with imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent data. A method of multispectral image classification using rough set theory is proposed. First, to decrease computational time and complexity, band reduction of multispectral image using attribute reduct concept in rough set theory and information entropy is performed. Then, mixture model initial parameters of remote sensing image are mapped from crude classes, which are generated using equivalent relation. Finally image cluster is obtained unsupervised with Gaussian mixture model whose parameters are refined by Expectation Maximization algorithm. The proposed method is performed on a multispectral image, and the experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm by means of comparison and analysis.


This paper summarizes the results of the third participation of the MaasMatch system in the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) competition. Several additions were made to the MaasMatch system with the intent of rectifying its limitations, as observed during the previous OAEI campaign. The extent of the additions and their effect on the individual dataset will be elaborated.


This paper proposes a framework for determining the potential benefits to be obtained from electronic document management systems as part of an integrated records management strategy.


The meisoseismal area of the (Ms = 5.9) earthquake of 7 September 1999 in Athens, Greece was localized in the western suburbs of the city (38.1° N, 23.7°E) where no active faulting had been mapped before. Here we show that remote sensing can provide conclusive evidence for the identification of seismogenic structure. Methods applied were: interpretation of Landsat TM images, digital overlays of field observations and aftershock distribution patterns, construction of a 20-m DEM and application of shading techniques, and comparison with fault plane solutions and dominant slip direction in striation populations. Our results imply that the earthquake source is located within the NW-SE trending valley in the Fili region across the south foothills of Mt Parnitha. The earthquake occurred along a normal fault with 110°N-130°N strike, which exhibits typical morphotectonic features of an active fault.


A blow molded product provided by a direct blow molding method and having a tubular body part (3) disposed on the upper side of a bottom part (4) and a cylindrical mouth part (2) disposed on the upper side of the body part (3), wherein at least three cutout lines (7) are formed on a bottom surface (5) radially from the center thereof by a bottom part split metal mold (15) for blow molding.


Abstract-Nanographite reinforced silicon elastomer nanocomposites were prepared. The morphology of nanocomposite samples have been studied from scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. It shows excellent distribution of nanographite in the silicon matrix. The effect of nanographite loadings (2, 4, 6, 8 parts per hundred parts of rubber) on mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus (100%, 200%, 300%) have been studied. The study shows increase in tensile strength, hardness and modulus and decrease in elongation at break with nanographite loading. Dynamic mechanical properties of nanocomposites have been studied as a function of temperature (-100 to 100 o C) at a constant frequency 1Hz and strain 1%. The effect of nanographite loadings on storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent has also been studied. The non-linearity in tan delta, storage modulus and loss modulus was explained on the basis of nanographite elastomer interaction. The smooth cole-cole plots explain the non-linearity in the elastomer nanocomposites as well as good distribution of nanographite in the elastomer matrix. The effect of nanographite loading on cole-cole plots is explained on the basis of relaxation phenomenon. The phenomenon of percolation has been discussed, based on the measured changes in electric conductivity and dielectric permittivity. The percolation threshold occurred in the range of 6 phr of nanographite loading.


Abstract A combined experimental model for a gravity die casting is presented. The experiments were shown to yield consistent results and confirmed earlier studies, which showed that interfacial heat transfer depends on the casting solidification state and that only its maximum value is affected by die coat thickness. The numerical model was found to capture the thermal transients when interface effects were included and when the removal of cores was accounted for in the analysis. To reflect this process, an integrated cyclic analysis is demonstrated capturing the thermal behaviour during fill, solidification and die open stages in the casting cycle.


This paper describes a study based on exploration of relations between geographical entities. We suggested a new tool for training and evaluation required by related annotation experiments. It relates to an annotator used for semi-automatic annotation, starting with the geography manual. We define fifteen types of entities: location, geo_position, geology, landform, clime, water, dimension, person, organization, URL, Timex, resource, industry, cultural, unknown with their specific subtypes. Moreover, we present the annotation conventions for three semantic relations: referential, structural and spatial, considered to be optimal operators in understanding a geographical manual. A part of the annotation is done manually, while the other part is done automatically, such as the token, lemma, part-of-speech. The study is intended to create a tool for the automatic detection of semantic relations in texts on geographic issues such as geography manuals, travel guides, geography atlases, etc., in order to help children, professors, guides, PR specialists and to be useful for tourists, generally to discover the complexity and the beauty of the nature.


Lord prof PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev developed 2008 i°Theory of generating of crisesi± and 2001 i°Theory of the mafiai±. Based on these two theories, this paper explane the establishment of the financial crises 2008 all over the world.


Talking about sex and sexuality can be rather complex, so it?s difficult to boil down the differences strictly to an individual?s gender identity. How people talk about sex can be influenced by a number of factors including culture, religion, and life experiences, to name a few. Much of this reality, and even perhaps your question, is owed to the different ways people are socialized; these ?social rules? often dictate what?s appropriate sexual behavior for one gender versus another. Though there are some limitations, research suggests ? when comparing genders ? that those who identify as women tend to talk about sex less frequently with others and when they do, they mostly talk about it in the context of relationships. Whereas, those who identify as men will most frequently talk about sex in the context of their sexual desires.


Sand production has been identified as a challenge in Indonesia. Several techniques exist to prevent sand from being produced, from screens, gravel- or frac packs to optimized perforating, each with its own merits. But the choice of completion also has a major impact on hydrocarbon production rates, and therefore on the lifelong economics of a well. If sand production is not observed or recognized during well tests, operators may not install sand exclusion equipment. But in many cases, sand production starts soon after production commences, sometimes in a matter of days. If this happens, wells need to be choked back or taken off-line, resulting in lost production. These wells will then need costly, unplanned workovers or re-completions. On the other hand, an operator may opt to eliminate all sanding risk and run screens or gravel packs in every well. While this strategy can indeed prevent sand production, one also needs to consider the impact of the completion on the production rate of the well. The optimum completion not only excludes sand, after all. It also maximizes hydrocarbon production, over the life of the reservoir.


361 IUD users and 143 oral contraceptive (OC) users were surveyed 12-20 months after beginning contraceptive use to determine the acceptance of these methods. 26.3% of the IUD users discontinued use; 17.7% changed to another method. 20.3% of the OC users discontinued use; 13.3% of these changed to another method. For both contraceptive methods the patients discontinued use because of side effects in ca 60% of the cases. Additionally 18% of the IUD users had spontaneous expulsions; 7% became pregnant with an IUD in situ. The most frequent side effects which caused OC users to discontinue use were weight gain depression headache and nausea. 65% of the IUD expulsions occurred within the first 4 months of IUD use. Women 16-20 years of age more often discontinued IUD use while women over 35 tended to discontinue OC use more often. The percentage of women who continued IUD use increased as parity increased; no such trend was apparent for OC users. The overall continuation rate after 12 months was 80% for IUD users and 86% for OC users. Ca. 5% of the women discontinued contraceptive use without changing to another method and without a desire to become pregnant. (Summary in ENG)


Abstract : The purpose of this thesis is to provide a process model to assist organizations in analyzing their Wide Area Network communication lines. The Naval Medical Information Management Center (NMIMC), in Bethesda, Maryland, is used as the model site, due to its imminent deployment of World Wide Web (WWW) servers to Navy Medical Treatment Facilities (MTF's). To model the typical MTF, an analysis of the data traffic transmitted from the existing WAN links managed and monitored by NMIMC will be performed. These WAN links are critical for the delivery of health care related information transmitted between MTF's. The WAN links must be analyzed to ensure that adequate bandwidth is available to allow unobstructed traffic flow between destinations. The data traffic will be plotted to illustrate problematic conditions caused by high utilization rates. Corrective actions will be recommended that should help to reduce or eliminate the bottlenecks and increase network bandwidth, such as: load balancing, rightsizing of the WAN links, and increasing operational availability. The hypothesis is that the WWW servers should be installed after the WAN links are analyzed and either balanced or properly sized. The load balancing and rightsizing of the WAN links will ensure that adequate bandwidth is available for the proper and timely transmission and access of vital WWW server information.


Review of: Odyssey of the Unknown Anzac, David Hastings (2018)Auckland: Auckland University Press, 208 pp.,ISBN 978 1 86940 882 4 (pbk), NZ$34.99


The third leaf of wheat, variety Jufy I, was allowed to assimilate 14COa for 2 hrs. ; after a further hour the distribution pattern of the assimilates was deter mined. Uptake of UC02 and assimilates leaving the leaf increased until the leaf was fully expanded, then slowly decreased. High proportions of labelled translocates were recorded in both the stem and the the root system, that in the roots increasing greatly as movement of translocates to the leaves decreased. The two fully grown leaves, Lx and L2, imported only slight amounts of labelled translocates. Movement of labelled translocate to each of the younger leaves in turn occurred in a striking pattern, such that import into a given leaf reached a maximum which coincided with its maximum rate of growth, subsequently falling rapidly and reaching a very low level by the time the leaf is fully grown. The results are discussed in relation to what is known of the general pattern of growth and translocation in the wheat plant.


In general, this study aims to gain an overview of the performance crew of PT Timur Ship Management Jakarta through job satisfaction, discipline, and motivation. The method used is explanatory research with quantitative approach. The population is ship crew of PT Timur Ship Management Jakarta as many as 52. Meanwhile, in the selection of the sample, the researchers used sampling saturated, because the population is limited and less than 100, then the number of samples in this study as many as 52 respondents. Data collection techniques include literature study obtained by studying reference books and a number of other literature, as well as distributing questionnaires to the respondents who selected and collecting documentation. Furthermore, the techniques of data analysis is a method of multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00. The results showed that job satisfaction, work discipline, and motivation to work partially and simultaneously have a positive significant effect on the performance of the crew of PT. Timur Ship Management Jakarta. The magnitude of the effect of job satisfaction, work discipline, and motivation to work simultaneously on the performance of the crew of 88.90%, and it is known that job satisfaction is the most dominant factor shaping the performance of the crew with the amount of 0.918 correlation indicates a very strong relationship.


The author shows that although some short term factors have contributed to the recent food crisis in developing countries, the crisis is rooted mainly in agricultural support policies of developed countries, liberalization of the agricultural sector by developing countries and contradictions in the design and implementation of GATT/WTO rules. Agricultural liberalization has been imposed on lower-income countries by International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and through bilateral trade agreements between developed and developing countries. The Neo-liberal economic philosophies, as well as unequal power relations between developing and developed countries, have been main contributory factors. There is a danger that further pressure on developing countries during the Doha Round may result in an outcome undermining development of the agricultural sector of developing countries further. The result would be intensification of dependence of lower-income countries on food imports, knocked-down agriculture and economic and political dependence on developed countries. A radical change in the trading system, practices of IFIs and policies of developed countries is required. Developing countries have little power to bring about such changes, but they can try to change their own policies. To do so it is not easy to resist pressure from developed countries and IFIs, but it is absolutely necessary if they do not wish to sacrifice their long-term development and well being of their population.


PEREIRA, P. et al. Neurobehavioral and genotoxic aspects of rosmarinic acid. Pharmacological Research, v. 52, p. 199-203, 2005. TAKEDA, H. et al. Rosmarinic acid and caffeic asid produce antidepressivelike effect in the forced swimming in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology, v. 449, n.3, p. 261-267, 2002a. MILLAN M.J. The neurobiology and control of anxious states. Progress in Neurobiology, v. 70, p. 283–244, 2003.


A two channel surround sound audio circuit (surround sound circuit) includes a first amplifier, a second amplifier, two polarized input capacitors, and two polarized output capacitors. A first input line is coupled through one polarized input capacitor to a positive terminal of the second amplifier and to a negative terminal of the first amplifier. A second input line is coupled through the other polarized input capacitor to a positive terminal of the first amplifier and to a negative terminal of the second amplifier. The output of the first and second amplifier are connected to the first and second polarized output capacitors, respectively. A second embodiment of the surround sound circuit includes two amplifiers, two inverting amplifiers, and two balancing potentiometers. The output of a single amplifier is balanced with the output of a single inverting amplifier with a single balancing potentiometer.


This article addresses the ongoing process of digitalization in arbitration proceedings, particularly in light of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It focuses on the different communications that occur throughout arbitration proceedings, i.e. written communication at the start and during the proceedings, oral communication at hearings, and the rendering of the arbitral award. The authors assess the past, present and future use of digital means of communication in relation to each of these instances, and analyse the extent to which the applicable legal framework (institutional rules, national laws, and the New York Convention) is actually an obstacle to digitalization. They find that the evolution towards more technologically oriented proceedings had already started, but that the COVID-19 pandemic will likely be a decisive step towards fully digital arbitration proceedings. The authors welcome that evolution, and argue that there are no overriding legal or policy arguments to hold back this trend.
Arbitration, Digitalization, COVID-19, Procedure, Formalities, Technology, Institutional Rules, Communication, Request for Arbitration, Remote Hearings, Electronic Awards


An algorithm combining advantages of the Edman degradation method and de novo mass-spectrometric sequencing was developed. The protein from the "Diaskintest" diagnostic test was used for analysis. The protein was digested with trypsin and 5 steps of Edman degradation were carried out sequentially for the mixture of peptides. At each stage, the resulting mixture was analyzed by shotgun mass spectrometry analysis. The results of mass-spectrometry were analyzed both by the well-known de novo sequencing programs Novor and PepNovo+, and by own program that clustered individual spectra with a C-terminal signature formed by Y-ions. This approach allows us to determine confidently the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal part of the peptides obtained after the protein hydrolysis by trypsin.


The purpose of this paper is to define and examine the mechanism and possible causes of such type of circulation in the atmospheric boundary layer as rolls. The article is a kind of survey. The history of roll discovery and investigation is briefly described as well as supposed mechanisms of their emergence such as convective, dynamic and parallel instability. Their representative scales and lifetime in the boundary layer are also described. The paper focuses on mathematical description and modeling of circulation by considering the main simplifications and approaches. The attempts to simulate rolls by using the simultaneous solution of systems of equations of the mean flow and rolls are described. The modified profiles of wind speed that take into account the presence of helicity in the boundary layer are used for modeling of the mean flow. The inclusion of helicity is appeared to make a significant contribution in the simulation of boundary layer processes. Roll simulation over the Black sea coast using the model of regional atmospheric circulation Advanced Research WRF 3.3.1 is also presented. Using different parameterizations allows through numerical experiments to consider dynamic processes occurring on the border of the "land – sea" and to examine the contribution of hydrodynamic instabilities of various types of roll formation.


This article is devoted to the development of algorithms for simulation of processes of bifurcations mode of current regulator of LED lighting products. In this paper, algorithm for calculation of the bifurcation diagram is carried out. The character of the complication oscillation when changing parameters is illustrated. New type of C-bifurcation, leading to the smooth transition from the twofrequency oscillations to a stable periodic mode is identified. The mathematical model of this circuit is described. Algorithms are implemented in software. The results of testing the program written in the programming language C ++ are shown.


Background and purpose:  AE9C90CB (N‐ [(1R, 5S, 6R)‐3‐azabicyclo [3.1.0] hex‐6‐ylmethyl]‐2‐hydroxy‐N‐methyl‐2, 2‐diphenylacetamide), a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist, was synthesized for the treatment of overactive bladder. Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo profiles of AE9C90CB for action in bladder over salivary gland and compare it with four agents already in clinical use (tolterodine, oxybutynin, solifenacin and darifenacin).


Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Jung-an acupuncture on the sequelae of peripheral facial palsy. Methods : Five patients suffering from sequelae of peripheral facial palsy were treated with Jung-an acupuncture. House-Brackmann grade system, the scale of Peitersen grades and picture, before and after the Jung-an acupuncture treatment were compared to evaluate its treatment efficacy. Results : House-Brackmann total grade of all subjects were improvement and Peitersen grades of all subjects were improvement. In two cases, the patients had improvement in synkinesis Conclusions : This study showed that Jung-an Acupuncture treatment can be effective in improving functional and psychological outcome even for sequelae of peripheralfacial palsy. Randomized-controlled trial for further evaluation is necessary to verify the results and findings of this study.


Predictive resource allocation (PRA) techniques that exploit knowledge of the future signal strength along roads have recently been recognized as promising approaches to save base station (BS) energy and improve user quality of service (QoS). Recent studies on human mobility patterns and wireless signal strength measurements along buses and trains have indeed supported the practical potential of PRA. An unresolved challenge, however, is modeling the uncertainty in the predictions, and developing real-time robust solutions that incorporate probabilistic QoS guarantees. This is of paramount importance in PRA due to the prediction time horizon that adds considerable complexity and increases the rate uncertainty in the problem. With these developments in mind, this paper addresses energy-efficient PRA applied to stored video streaming using chance constrained programming. The proposed solution incorporates: 1) uncertainty in predicted user rates; 2) a joint level of probabilistic constraint satisfaction over a time horizon; and 3) both optimal gradient-based and real-time guided heuristic solutions. Our framework fundamentally differs from previous PRA work in the literature where nonstochastic approaches with assumptions of perfect prediction were primarily used to demonstrate the potential energy savings and QoS gains. Numerical simulations based on a standard compliant long term evolution (LTE) system are provided to examine and compare the developed solution. Unlike existing energy-efficient PRA, the proposed framework achieves the desired QoS level under imperfect channel predictions. This robustness is attained without compromising the energy-efficiency compared to opportunistic schedulers, and thus supports PRA implementation in practice.


Abstract : The objective of this study is to assess the applicability of modern computer and communication technology to the problems of testbed design and operation. The work is being conducted in two phases. Phase I, reported here, was undertaken to gather and assimilate information on several DOD testbeds. Phase II consists of a critical analysis of problem areas in networking simulations, the identification of simulation network requirements, and the development of a preliminary network design description. (Author)


1 School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2 Respiratory Department, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 3 School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 4 Program for Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK


University of Manchester and Warwick University • Conducted 20 full life oral histories to explore the construction of working-class identity in post-war Coventry and Liverpool. • Managed the transcription and deposit of data with Qualidata Archive, University of Essex. • Liaised with community, museum and art organisations to promote and work collaboratively with on the oral history project • Designed and created a web blog to disseminate the oral history to a wider audience other than academia and piloted public deposit of memories www.voicesofpostwarengland.com • Managed two Access databases to record sociological dataset from the 1960s. • Further dissemination of findings through symposium, conference papers and journal articles.


BACKGROUND
Factors identified as important to nursing student clinical learning include the environment, the clinical facilitator, and student human factors.

METHOD
A modified Delphi study generated clinical nurse educators' expert consensus of the importance of factors that influence student learning during clinical placements. Short-answer questions exploring facilitation of learning were also provided.

RESULTS
Thirty-four nurse educators participated in the first round, and 17 nurse educators participated in the second round. Final consensus of at least 80% agreement was reached for all factors. Enablers of student learning included a positive workplace culture, student attitude, and clear communication between facilitator and student. Barriers to student learning included lack of time for teaching, short placement duration, and poor student and facilitator attitude.

CONCLUSION
Further investigation is needed on how these factors are addressed during placements including a review of the quality of resources provided to students and clinical facilitators for student learning. [J Nurs Educ. 2023;62(6):333-341.].


The present invention discloses a matte acrylic adhesive, the matte acrylic adhesive composed of 100 parts acrylic adhesive, 30 to 50 parts diluent, 0.5 to 2 parts of an isocyanate crosslinking agent, 0.5 to 2 parts of an epoxy-based crosslinking agent, 5 to 20 parts of rosin resin, 2 to 15 parts of an azo compound, N2 of ~ 15 parts - nitroso compound, 0.5 to 2 parts of a coupling agent, 0.3 to 1.5 parts of polymerized acrylate composed. Matte acrylic adhesive of the present invention achieves a uniform light LED, matte polyester film but also improve the adhesion layer and the shade, high temperature performance and to ensure product reliability.


Sub-wavelength add/drop multiplexers are pragmatic and efficient systems that could drive the next generation of networks. In this paper we will discuss on the potential of this new technology and on its perspectives.


This public welfare foundation with a Christian background had been in low-key operation for twenty-seven years before the Chinese government for the first time announced its policy of support for religious public welfare activities. The high point of first lady diplomacy is always charity. Sharon Johnston, wife of the Governor General of Canada, came for a tour of the Amity Foundation located at Zhengfu West Street in Nanjing in the morning of October 21, 2013. At that moment, Governor General David Johnston, who had come on a state visit to China, was delivering a speech at Nanjing University. Thirty-three year old staff member Fu Ye one by one introduced to Sharon the bakery's various kinds of desserts. Sharon thereupon donned the bakery's white work outfit and personally taught staff members how to prepare her own specialty—cinnamon rolls. She also presented to the bakery some implements for making her special Western desserts as well as some maple syrup (a Canadian specialty) harvested at her family's farm. This activity lasted three hours. The fact is that Fu Ye only has the IQ of a ten year old. However, he likes to express himself and has been placed in charge of arranging receptions for foreigners and outsiders. When U.S. Ambassador Gary Locke visited the Amity bakery in June, Fu Ye was also responsible for receiving him. More than one in three of the staff members at the bakery are mentally handicapped. This is a typical social enterprise which makes and sells bread, cookies and other Western pastries. In the four years since it was registered and incorporated, it initially incurred a deficit of over a million yuan in 2012, but the following year achieved a balance between revenue and expenditure. The reason why Sharon chose to visit the little-known Amity bakery rests in its founder, the Amity Foundation. This foundation was founded in 1985 by Ding Guangxun, a none defined


In order to improve the service life of ocean buoy. The current power system of ocean buoys was analyzed and optimized combining the inconsistency of the battery pack. The service life of the battery pack was modeled. The importance of the mathematic model to the research of ocean buoy's power working life was proved by theoretical analysis and example. Maintenance measures was proposed to extend the working life of ocean buoy.


Natural hawthorn perfume was produced by biological technology.Experimental results show that pectase,β-glucosidase and alcohol active dry yeast(AADY) can influence the aroma of hawthorn perfume products,and the components liberated through hydrolysis of glycosidic aroma precursors by β-glucosidase can enhance the natural aroma of hawthorn perfume products obviously.The flavor compounds of hawthorn perfume were prepared by simultaneous distillation and extraction equipment(SDE).These flavor compounds were isolated and identified by capillary GC-MS method,and 51 compounds were identified,amounting to total mass fraction of 96.51%.The main flavor compounds were:β-phenylethyl alcohol 29.61%,isoamyl alcohol 9.02%,cis-3-hexenol 7.09%,2-furanmethanol 2.86%,ethyl hexadecanoate 2.79%,benzyl alcohol 2.16%,diethyl succinate 2.06%,phenethyl acetate 1.98%,etc.


(+)-2-(Methyl-1-naphthylphenylsilyl)pyridine reacts with methanol or water to give pyridine with retention of configuration at silicon. This is strong evidence for a reaction mechanism involving a 5-centered cyclic activated complex.


While societies enhance their ideas, thoughts and practices for education systems to build their future; they carry out a number of major activities by protecting the history of the transfer of cultural heritage. In this research, one of the thinkers and scientists of the Karakhanids Period; Farabi's idea; "The purpose of education is to find happiness and make the individual beneficial to society", Avicenna's "The primary education of the child is moral education", based on their ideas, the structure and characteristics of education and training from the Farabi and Avicenna periods to the present day is a work has been done. Documentary survey model was applied in the research, by scanning the works and sources in this field, the works of the scientists of the period and their effects on education were examined. In the light of this research, it is aimed to gather information about the foundations of our education understanding from the past to the present and to reveal the reflections of this information on today's educational intellection. As we move towards a time when everything can be done with machines in our age built with technology, globalization and tough competition environments, the important element that does not change in education is "What kind of person should we train?" the answer to the question shows itself from history to the present. It is monitored that philosophers and scientists from a thousand years ago said; the characteristics that education administrators and teachers should have must be human being and to train him/her in the ideal way.


The removal of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) from water solutions by biosorption on an Arthrobacter viscosus biofilm supported on a granular activated carbon was studied and is presented. The following parameters were considered: concentration of hexavalent Cr, concentration of trivalent Cr, competition with other metal, Cd, and cellular viability. The biofilm was kept active in different growth media and afterwards suffered a thermic treatment for reduction of metabolism and reutilization as biossorbent. High values of Cr (VI) uptake were reached, with a maximum at 80 ppm in the original solution. Cr (III) removal was less efficient but operational conditions were not yet optimised. The presence of another ion interfered with the overall Cr removal and the uptake was slightly reduced. There seems to be some advantage in the maintenance of the metabolic activity in terms of the metallic solution remediation.


This paper deals with a case study on a unique slope failure in a liner system of a municipal solid waste containment facility during construction because the sliding interface is not the geomembrane/compacted low permeability soil liner (LPSL) but a soil/soil interface within the LPSL. From the case study, it is concluded that compaction of the LPSL should ensure that each lift is kneaded into the lower lift so a weak interface is not created in the LPSL, and the LPSL moisture content should be controlled so it does not exceed the specified value, .e.g., 3% - 4% wet of optimum, because it can lead to a weak interface in the LPSL. In addition, drainage materials should be placed over the geomembrane from the slope toe to the top to reduce the shear stresses applied to the weakest interface, and equipment should not move laterally across the slope if it is unsupported but along the slope while placing the cover soil from bottom to top.