PFTK1, whose alias was Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 14 (CDK14), has been reported to be overexpressed promoting proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro; however, both expression status and clinicopathological significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) haven't been evaluated till now. In our study, to explore the clinicopathological significance of PFTK1 expression, PDAC tissue microarray was used to immunohistochemically assess the relationship between expression and various clinicopathological parameters. It was found that PFTK1 was significantly up-regulated in PDAC tissues compared with paired normal control. In addition, up-regulation of PFTK1 was also remarkably associated with metastasis and TNM stage (P<0.05). KaplanMeier survival analysis showed that overall prognosis of patients with positive expression for PFTK1 was inferior to those with negative expression (P<0.05). Moreover, PFTK1 expression as well as lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree, M classification can be used as an independent prognostic predictor for patients with PDAC after multivariate analysis. In our study, we for the first time found that Up-regulation of PFTK1 is significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in PDAC, suggesting that PFTK1 was able to be used as an independent prognostic biomarker for patients diagnosed with PDAC.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A NAILER AIR. NAILER THIS INCLUDES A 30 PILOT VALVE CONTROLLED BY A TRIGGER 22 A CONTROL VALVE 41 A CYLINDER COMPRESSED AIR 13 AND BLOCKING DEVICE TRIGGER 17, WHICH MAY BE OPERATED BY PIECE nAIL. INVENTION, A TRIP THIRD BODY 53, OPERATED MANUAL IS MOUNTED ON THE BODY 10 REACH OUT HAND squeezing the trigger 22, SO THAT THE OPERATION OF THE GOVERNING BODY 53 SECOND HAND NEED OPERATOR. APPLICABLE TO THE iNVENTION IS pneumatic nailers, TO iNCREASE EMPLOYMENT SECURITY.


Three new species of the harpacticoid family Ameiridae are described from clean sand at high water neap tide on St Martin's Flat, Isles of Scilly. Ameiropsis martinis sp. nov. appears most closely related to A. australis Kunz, 1975 but can be distinguished from it by the shape of the rostrum and the armature of the operculum, female genital field and the male P5 baseoendopodal lobe. Sarsameira parexilis sp. nov. was originally identified as S. exilis T. and A. Scott, 1894 but the females can be distinguished from S. exilis by their smaller body size and shape of the caudal ramus whilst the males can be distinguished by the 12-segmented antennule and four setae on the P5 baseoendopodal lobe. Ameira longispina sp. nov. is unique within the "Ameira" complex of genera and species because of the marked elongation of the inner spine on the basis of the male P1. This species is tentatively placed in Ameira Boeck, 1865, but has features which indicate that it probably occupies an intermediate position between this genus and Psammameira Noodt, 1952. The previously unknown males of Sarsameira perezi Bodin, 1970 and Nitocra elegans (T. Scott, 1905) are also described.


We present in this paper a system named PoG. Its role is to recognise and interpret natural pointing gestures in the context of a multimodal interaction. The user's hand gestures are tracked by a camera located above a building plan. The user points to a room on the plan with his index finger while using speech to ask for some information from the system. The PoG system is composed of an extraction process, which computes visual primitives, a recognition process, providing the name of the gesture, and a localisation process, which computes the coordinates of the index tip.


Objective: To select the optimum extraction process of Zhanjin Ruji. Method:To observe influence of extraction time upon the extraction rate of volatile oil, the orthogonal test was adopted to observe the extraction process by alcohol from the extraction rate and content of the total saponins in Radix Notoginseng. Result: The three kinds of herbs including Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Resina Olibani and Myrrha were extracted with water for 3 hours,95% of volatile oil can be distilled. The three kinds of herbs including Radix Notoginseng, Herba Lycopodii and Radix Gentianae Macrophyllac were extracted by alcohol. Four factors such as alcohol concentration( A ), extraction times( B ),extraction time( C ), and solvent amount( D ),had not significant effect on the content of total saponins in Radix Notoginseng in herbal extraction, but factor A and B had significant effect on the extraction rate. The optimum extraction process was as follows extracted with 5 times the amount of the solvent volum 60% alcohol for 3 times and with each time for 1 hour. Three times experiments showed that the extraction rate was 26.5% and the content of the total saponins in Radix Notoginseng was 17.28% mg·g -1 . Conclusion:The above experimental reaults can provide experimental basis for deciding the extraction process of Zhanjin Ruji.


Magnetohydrodynamic waves are ubiquitously detected in the finely structured solar atmosphere. At the same time, our Sun is a highly dynamic plasma environment, giving rise to flows of various magnitudes, which can lead to the instability of waveguides. Recent studies have employed the method of introducing waveguide asymmetry to generalize "classical" symmetric descriptions of the fine structuring within the solar atmosphere, with some of them introducing steady flows as well. Building on these recent studies, here we investigate the magnetoacoustic waves guided by a magnetic slab within an asymmetric magnetic environment, in which the slab is under the effect of a steady flow. We provide an analytical investigation of how the phase speeds of the guided waves are changed, and where possible, determine the limiting flow speeds required for the onset of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Furthermore, we complement the study with initial numerical results, which allows us to demonstrate the validity of our approximations and extend the investigation to a wider parameter regime. This configuration is part of a series of studies aimed to generalize, step-by-step, well-known symmetric waveguide models and understand the additional physics stemming from introducing further sources of asymmetry.


Population projections by age and sex up to the year 2010, both with and without migration, are presented for Czechoslovakia, its two constituent republics, and the Czech regions and districts. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND RUS)


One kind of a blast furnace slag-granulating device, belonging to the technical field energy efficient metallurgical industry. Including slag gate, granulator, granulated cartridge, then plate, slag outlet and the like; gate located above the slag shaft damper plate center-right, granulator. Granulating the granulated cartridge is in the center, scattered mainly by the blades, a shaft, motor speed, is used for the liquid slag grains into fine particles by centrifugation; granulated cartridge is connected to the fan outlet, the fan be adjusted, granulating the cartridge changing wind speed. The advantage of this device is that it does not consume water, can efficiently recover heat, facilitate energy saving; granulated slag fast speed, intermittent operation; granulated blast furnace slag of high quality; equipment is simple, adjustable, easy to operate, easy maintenance.


Hydergine contains equal proportions of dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocristine, and dihydroergocryptine as the methanesulfonates (1). It is prepared by the hydrogenation of natural alkaloids of ergot (2). The process of hydrogenation alters the pharmacologic properties of ergot alkaloids, which are known to possess mild adrenergic-blocking and strong vasoconstrictor action because of their effect upon smooth muscles. The hydrogenated alkaloids have a strong adrenergic-blocking action, but virtually no ability to stimulate smooth muscle. They are less toxic and possess less pronounced emetic action than the natural alkaloids (3, 4). Among the many studies of the pharmacologic properties of Hydergine and of its effect upon blood pressure, heart rate, and central and peripheral circulation (4-25), none has dealt strictly with concurrent changes produced in the electrocardiogram and the ballistocardiogram. In fact, conflicting observations have been made as to the electrocardiographic changes that Hydergine may produce. To re-evaluate the action of Hydergine, the drug was given to 45 elderly persons, and changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, the electrocardiogram, and the ballistocardiogram were studied after its injection.


We investigated the clinical courses before and during pregnancy and after delivery in patients with repaired anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery to determine the impact of the hemodynamic changes and cardiac function on the selection of the appropriate mode of delivery.


Motivated by a striking observation of a Fulde-Ferell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) vortex state in the heavy fermion material $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ in fields perpendicular to the superconducting planes $(\mathbf{H}\ensuremath{\Vert}c)$, superconducting phase diagrams including an FFLO state of uniaxially anisotropic superconductors are systematically studied. In the ballistic limit with no quasiparticle (QP) relaxation, the high-field superconducting state in $\mathbf{H}\ensuremath{\Vert}c$ and in the low temperature limit should be not the FFLO state modulating along $\mathbf{H}$, appearing in $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$, but a different vortex state with a modulation perpendicular to the field. It is argued that an enhancement near ${H}_{c2}(0)$ of the QP relaxation rate, presumably originating from a nonsuperconducting quantum critical fluctuation, in this material is the origin of the absence of the latter modulated state and of the strange $\mathbf{H}\ensuremath{\Vert}c$ phase diagram in which the FFLO state is apparently different from that in $\mathbf{H}\ensuremath{\perp}c$.


Fine pitch vertical interconnect has been extensively studied to meet the demand of next generation 3D packaging requirements. Copper pillar bump has received much of attentions as the choice for connecting chips due to its fine pitch and favorable reliability. Typical process involves copper pillar bump on one chip, CuNiAu, NiAu or Cu pad on the other chip, and interconnect is made through either a flux reflow process or an oxide removal process before bonding. While flux is difficult to clean, controlled atmosphere is required for oxide removal. Fine pitch copper pillar bump calls for less SnAg, intermetallic compound thus plays a greater role and joints become more brittle which tend to have early failure in temperature cycling test. In this paper, a fine pitch 3D chip stacking technology is proposed. Utilizing AuSn eutectic characteristic, one side of the joint is Au bumped and the other side is copper pillar bumped with SnAg on top of the copper. Both bumps were fabricated by readily available electroplating process. Bonding process is thermo-compression, performed under ambient atmosphere without the presence of flux. This bonding process is similar to the Chip-On-Film inner lead bonding process commonly used in the LCD driver IC industry. After the bonding process, selected underfill materials were applied to fill the gaps. Due to the presence of Au in the joint and its soft nature, C2C bonded structure filled with underfill without filler is capable of passing the temperature cycling test. Process parameters, material selections, joint formation and measurements, and reliability data are reported. Considerations for multiple stacks were studied. The reliability testing of the simulated 5-die stacked structure is ongoing at the time of publication.


In the light of the stratigraphic characteristics of North Hubei Working Area and the data about the field application of PDC drills got in the field, and combining some factors such as the type selection, improvement and dullness analysis of the drills based on different zones of the working area, this paper makes the selective preference of the type of PDC drills fitting in with the stratum based on intervals, and puts forward some foundations for the type selection of PDC drills used in North Hubei Working Area.


As streaming video andaudio overthe Internet becomes popular,proper proxy caching of largemultimedia objects has become increasingly important.For a large media object,treating the whole video as a single web object for caching is not appropriate.The prefix-caching proxy technology was introduced,The design ofthe prefix-caching proxy for VOD system was given,and how to of realize a prefix-caching service in the context of the RTSP in detail was analyzed,and proposes resolutions for these challenges were proposed.


Casual observation of the activities of children and adults is sufficient to establish the power of novel features of the environment to evoke and direct behavior. Unusual or unfamiliar objects have considerable potency for attracting attention, while monotony and routine appear to arouse, in many individuals, an active striving to encounter new aspects of their environment. The apparent independence of these behavior tendencies from primary needs and "social influences" have led a number of psychological theorists to consider an explanation of curiosity and exploratory behavior essential to our understanding of human motivational processes. Since MacDougall's instinct theory, personality theorists have introduced such concepts as "effort after meaning" (3), need cognition (9), and competence motivation (28) to account for individual variation in the tendency to seek and maintain contact with environmental and/or psychological novelty. More recently the research of Harlow (13) and others (cf. review by Glanzer [I2]) based on the concept of exteroceptively elicited drives has produced extensive data indicating that rats, raccoons, and monkeys, as well as men, under certain conditions tend to behave so as to maximize knowledge of an unfamiliar or novel environment. However, the environmental and psychological conditions that facilitate the development and maintenance of curiosity motivation during the various stages of ontogenetic development have received little attention. The investigation presented below is a preliminary step designed to provide information for the systematic study of curiosity motivation during early stages of childhood. Curiosity motivation is generally inferred from instrumental actions that function to increase the organism's contact with new or different environmental objects. These actions may be such as to: (a) increase the level or quantity of sensory input; (b) increase the perceptual clarity, or number,


The paper presents the results of a comparative study of shear strength of single–lap adhesive joints, depending on the method of surface preparation of steel plates with increased corrosion resistance. The method of preparing adherend surfaces is often one of the most important factors determining the strength of adhesive joints. Appropriate geometric surface development and cleaning of the surface enhances adhesion forces between adherend material and adhesive. One of the methods of shaping engineering materials is waterjet cutting, which in the AWJP – abrasive waterjet peening variant, serves to shape flat surfaces of the material by changing the roughness and introducing stresses into the surface layer. These changes are valuable when preparing adhesive joints. In the study, surface roughness parameters obtained with AWJP treatment, were analyzed in direct relation to the strength of the adhesive joint. As a consequence of the experimental results analysis, the increase in the strength of the adhesive joints was observed in a certain range of parameters used for AWJP treatment. A decrease in shear strength of adhesive joint with the most modified topography of overlap surface was observed.


With different levels of N fertilizer applied,the property and the uniformity of several varieties were analysed.The results showed:Compare to middle fertilizer(pure N 125 kg/hm 2)when high fertilizer was given(pure N 225 kg/hm 2)the blighted rate of most varieties rised obviously the rate of grain rice straw lowered clearly;the ear per single plant increased;yield lowered;stem height got higher;the number of the grain per ear increased;the heading stage got late;density of growing grains increased;the ears got longer a bit After high level of N fertilizer,the uniformity of different traits changed differently,the length of the ear changed most obviously,then:the number of the grain per ear,the height of the stem,the numbers of the branches of the ear and the number of the single plant ears.From the view of varieties,the traits and the uniformity of Jigeng 63,Xiabei and Tong 35 lowered clearly after high level of N fertilizer,the yield lowered clearly,too.But Yufeng,Beilu 128 and Changbai 9 acted oppositely:the property and the uniformity rised after high level of N fertilizer,the yield was equal or increased slightly,so they fit high level of N fertilizer.


We review how AMS will study open issues on astro particle physics operating for three years on the International Space Station, complementary to searches done at underground and accelerator facilities.


The mean-field limit of a Markovian model describing the interaction of several classes of permanent connections in a network is analyzed. Each of the connections has a self-adaptive behavior in that its transmission rate along its route depends on the level of congestion of the nodes of the route. Since several classes of connections going through the nodes of the network are considered, an original mean-field result in a multi-class context is established. It is shown that, as the number of connections goes to infinity, the behavior of the different classes of connections can be represented by the solution of an unusual nonlinear stochastic differential equation depending not only on the sample paths of the process, but also on its distribution. Existence and uniqueness results for the solutions of these equations are derived. Properties of their invariant distributions are investigated and it is shown that, under some natural assumptions, they are determined by the solutions of a fixed-point equation in a finite-dimensional space.


International collaboration has become increasingly frequent in fusion research. It improves the quality and efficiency of the research in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) facility. The traditional face-to-face collaborative way has been proven inadequate in current situation. The remote participation system (RPS) for EAST (EAST RPS) will play an important role in EAST operation experiment. Data handling for remote access through Internet are a critical issue for EAST RPS. There are three types of data in EAST RPS: engineer data, scientific raw data, and camera data. This paper presents the technical solutions for data handling in EAST RPS including the system architecture, data compression technologies, protocols, and a new experimental physics and industrial control system data archiving Engine.


Dr. Margriet Drent is a Senior Research Fellow at the Security and Conflict Programme of the Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael' and Assistant Professor at the International Relations and International Organisation Department of the University of Groningen. Dr. Drent's PhD on the 'Europeanisation of security' focused on what is now known as the Common Security and Defence Policy. She is also a member of the Peace and Security Committee of the Advisory Council on International Affairs.


AbSTRACT The preparation of tetracoordinated copper (I) complexes with the pyrazolyl heterocyclic nitrogen ligand is reported. The new complexes of [Cu(pyrazolyl) 2 ]X type with X = chloride, bromine, and iodine were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The results obtained show that the heterocyclic nitrogen ligand is bonded in a bidentate fashion to form monometallic complexes. Exploratory homogeneous catalysis experiments of the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) have been accomplished by the use of copper complexes in 80 % aqueous 4-picoline solutions. For such systems, formation of H 2 y CO 2 was observed in the initial gas samples. Keywords: Copper Complexes, Heterocyclic Nitrogen Ligand, Pyrazolyl Ligand, WGSR. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com INTROduCTION Copper species are widely present in Nature as mono- or multinuclear metal complexes and play a crucial role in different enzymes and catalytic systems, leading to a currently growing interest in the development of new copper models


We have studied ribosomal featured in menopausia! normal myometrium as well as at terminal pregnancy. Three patological cases of adenomiosis, miomatosis and sarcomatosis have been included in our study. The decreasing order of activity of miometrial protein synthesis was observed as follows: Adenomiosis, sarcomatosis, miomatosis pregnancy at term and finally menopause.


Scavenging effects of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, inhibition of NO synthesis and iNOS expression were tested with extracts and chromatographic subfractions of Canavalia lineata obtained at Jeju island. Chloroform extract and its subfractions gave moderat...


The systematics of Doxotic's ethics is founded on a thesis on the existence of the law of nature (lex naturae) which as eternal and fixed law is strictly distinguished from positive, i.e. freely established law. The existence of the law of nature enables a distinction between good and evil that is necessary to the constitution .of ethics as a whole: good is what conforms to the law (legi consentaneum) and evil is all that does not conform to it. The following essential steps in founding Dorotic's ethics are: first the thesis that evil, perceived formally, consists - as opposed to good - .only in the negative, in a lack, a dearth, an absence of physical entity (entitas). The second thesis is that that there are no indifferent (indifferentes) human acts. And finally, as the third, the assertion that the object of natural fortune is the Good, though not a finite, but an infinite, i.e. the ultimate.
It is clear that Dorotic, otherwise prepared, elsewhere in his philosophic work, to greet the more recent and less dogmatic philosophic points of view of his age (examples for this can be found particularly in his physical and cognitional theoretical observations), remains completely in agreement in the field of ethics with the spirit and letter of strict scholastic ethics, with its essentially conservative basic impulse. In any case, ethics as presented is an exceptionally systematically though-out and constructed whole, ideationally superior, with its evident and purely executed foundation in theology on the one hand and ontology on the other, to many other partial and reductive, »autonomus« ellaborations on ethics.


whichever is the best word they know. But I am not flattered by their word, because I know if they ever disagree with me I will change into a bad word. I am not in favor of Communism, Facism, Individualism, Pat ern ali s m, Totempoleism, or Free Enterprise. Like democracy such words have a different meaning to every individual. Nor am t against those words. How can I be? They have no rational meaning that everyone accepts. They are only words that people hate or love. They describe emotions of fear or hope. I want to know those actions a word of hate or fear describes and those actions which would inspire a word of hope.


A practical large-scale process for the synthesis of doripenem hydrate (1), a novel parenteral 1β-methylcarbapenem antibiotic, from p-nitrobenzyl-protected enolphosphate 2b and N-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)-protected aminomethylpyrrolidine 3c is described. We found effective extraction conditions to remove p-toluidine and most other organic impurities using a THF/water system containing an inorganic salt. Significant improvements have been made to the previous synthesis using a medicinal chemical procedure. The new process requires no chromatographic purification and affords the target compound 1 as a sterile crystalline powder. Several kilograms of compound 1 were successfully prepared by this process.


The paper first reported the preparation of ultrafine Fe3O4 powder about 8~ 10nm by improved chemical precipitation method, then turned it into magnetic fluid. The phase analysis, morphology, ultrafine powder size and magnetic property were measured by XRD, TEM and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),respectively. In addition, a new method , by analyzed the suspending percentage of Fe3O4 powder, was introduced to study the effects of concentration, pH value, centrifugal rate and time on the stability of the magnetic fluid.


We studied the characteristics of mental and emotional state of the students and its changes after a course of relaxation exercises. The program psychophysical relaxation (PFR) included muscle relaxation exercises also on concentration and visualization. The majority of students during their studies at the university revealed functional stress of the circulatory system. Revealed benefi cial effects of relaxation exercises on psycho-emotional state and cardiovascular system, shown that the girls classes RPF, have a more pronounced effect on psycho-emotional status than boys. Students are regularly involved in the RPF, showed a reduction in sympathetic activity, and an increase in the central effects of parasympathetic infl uences and independent contour of regulation of the heart. After doing relaxation exercises marked decline in AMo and IN, ie indicators of activity of the central mechanisms of regulation of the heart, reducing anxiety, enhancing mood and well being, especially for student-athletes. Recommended the use of relaxation for the prevention of psychosomatic disorders in students involved in sports.


International student recruitment creates diversity which has potentially far-reaching consequences for universities and their surrounding communities. A learning experience that caters for the needs and aspirations of all students, while responding to other stakeholder demands, suggests the need to manage diversity within different contexts and across the full range of institutional activity. The implications for assessment, learning and teaching practice go far beyond any deficitassimilationist model (where international students are viewed as being deficient in their capacity to operate successfully in UK higher education settings without extensive support to assist them in adapting to the academic culture of the host institution). Rather, diversity strikes at the very root of attitudes, values and beliefs about how the curriculum should be shaped and possibly re-conceptualised to acknowledge difference among cohorts of both international and home students.


Summary Mitochondria were isolated from normal chick muscles composed predominantly of αW, αR, or βR fibers and compared polarographically. Rates of respiration after addition of ADP were higher for mitochondria from αR and βR fibers than for mitochondria from αW fibers. Respiration of mitochondria from all three fiber types was enhanced by the addition of Ca2+ to the medium but at rates similar to those observed after addition of ADP. Ca2+/O ratios were not different for the mitochondria from the different fiber types. Mitochondria were isolated from the pectoralis muscle (αW) of normal chicks and chicks with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Mitochondria from dystrophic chick muscle exhibited higher rates of respiration after addition of ADP than mitochondria from normal chick muscle. Respiration in mitochondria from both genotypes was enhanced proportionately by the addition of Ca2+. Dystrophic organelles accumulated more Ca2+ than normal mitochondria during Ca2+-stimulated respiration, but the increased uptake was proportional to this higher rate of respiration. Freshly isolated mitochondria from dystrophic muscle contained higher levels of Ca2+ than those from normal muscle. Since very high levels of EDTA (10 mM) were used throughout the isolation procedure, it is suggested that dystrophic muscle mitochondria may have a higher binding capacity for Ca2+.


No one is quite sure why women on average live longer than men. Immunologists suggest that one answer may be found in small pockets or colonies of fetal stem cells that traffic into the body of pregnant women. Normally, foreign cells that enter a person's body are detected, engulfed, and destroyed by T-cell lymphocytes. However, due to the "'immunological paradox of pregnancy,'" a woman's body when pregnant generally does not attack but, rather, accommodates her own embryo (comprised of foreign cells). On the other hand, in cases of preeclampsia, a woman's body rejects the embryo she conceived due to an "immunologic intolerance between maternal and fetal tissues." This Article attempts to understand these puzzling biological processes, their ethical significance, and their import for law and public policy concerning the prenatal adoption of frozen embryos. Part I notes that these fetal microchimeric cells bearing the genetic heritage of the father migrate across the placental barrier during pregnancy


We show that conjugation by an automorphism of ${\Bbb C}$ may change the topological fundamental group of a locally symmetric variety over ${\Bbb C}$. As a consequence, we obtain a large class of algebraic varieties defined over number fields with the property that different embeddings of the number field into ${\Bbb C}$ give complex varieties with nonisomorphic fundamental groups.


Alternative charge is applied in our Criminal Law,thus the crime of drug trafficking includes smuggling,trafficking,transporting and making drugs.But the terms concerned are too simple to cover the complicated situations in reality,which causes the confusion in practice.This study which focuses on the legislative and judicial problems of transporting drugs will contribute to the prevention and control of drug crime.


We approach the task of automatically translating the glosses in the English WordNet. We intend to generate a preliminary material which could be utilized to enrich other wordnets lacking of glosses. A Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation system has been built using a parallel corpus of proceedings of the European Parliament. We study how to adapt the system to the domain of dictionary definitions. First, we work with specialized language models. Second, we exploit the Multilingual Central Repository to build domain independent translation models. Combining these two complementary techniques and properly tuning the system, a relative improvement of 64% in BLEU score is attained.


Purpose

This study aims to examine how reward expectancy mediates the effect of abusive supervision on organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, drawing upon regulatory focus theory, this paper proposes and tests the moderating role of promotion focus in the proposed mediating effect.

Design/methodology/approach

Both hierarchical regression and PROCESS macro are conducted to analyze longitudinal data collected from 142 MBA students in different industries in the People's Republic of China.

Findings

Results reveal that abusive supervision was negatively related to both organization-directed citizenship behavior (OCBO) and individual-directed citizenship behavior (OCBI) through undermining individual reward expectancies. Results also show that promotion focus moderated the negative effect of abusive supervision on reward expectancy, such that the relationship was stronger when promotion focus was higher. In addition, the indirect effect of abusive supervision on OCBO and OCBI carried through reward expectancy was also stronger among individuals with higher promotion focus.

Originality/value

It contributes to the literature on abusive supervision by offering a new perspective regarding the mechanism of abusive supervision influence on organizational citizenship behavior. The findings thus shed insights into cognitions and motivations that are associated with organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, it is the first to link abusive supervision with regulatory focus theory to examine the decrease of organizational citizenship behavior.


The results of treatment using the Ilizarov fixator combined with arthroscopy in 39 patients (38±4.5 years) with the knee intra-articular fractures have been analyzed clinically and physiologically. The functional state of the lower limb muscles has been evaluated depending on the type of feet support responses using the techniques of dynamometry and electromyography. Significant changes in the stride cycle parameters were registered in case of > 40% asymmetry of the moment of force values of leg flexors/extensors and < 1.0 values of the index of antagonist muscles. When the antagonist index was < 0.5 the ability to maintain the body stable balance in walking was disordered, and the patients had to use additional supports. Attention should be primarily focused to the recovery of the anterior group of femoral muscles in patients with Type I feet support responses, and to that of both the anterior and posterior groups of femoral muscles - for patients with Type II. Treatment-and-rehabilitation measures should be directed to the function recovery of femoral and leg muscle groups for Type III of feet support responses.


Abstract Massive stars are inherently extreme objects, in terms of radiation, mass loss, rotation, and sometimes also magnetic fields. Concentrating on a (personally biased) subset of processes related to pulsations, rapid rotation and its interplay with mass-loss, and the bi-stability mechanism, we will discuss how active (and normal) OB stars can serve as appropriate laboratories to provide further clues.


Our research is concerned with the visual representations found in textbooks used for the teaching of Economics in Greek secondary schools. Initially, we analyze and reflect upon the visual interpretations of the textbook that is taught in the first year of upper Secondary education (Greek Lyceum). A scheme of categories of visual representations has been identified and reveals the characteristics of the textbooks' representations as well as their limitations. We also explore students' experiences with two visual representations of this textbook. Evidence, regarding the features of these visual representations that attract students' attention, which emerges from the answers that students provide, is discussed. Students seem to face serious difficulties in reading the meaning of the visual representations, even when the information is there. It seems that it is difficult for an image on its own to express a thousand words. This issue is related to both authors who write the textbooks and teachers who are teaching their scientific content.


The usage of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power system increases day by day. RES has intermittent nature as it depends mainly on the weather changes. This intermittent nature causes imbalance between the generated power and load demand, which affects the system frequency. Therefore, it is required to have a robust and adaptable controller, that is difficult to fulfil using conventional PI controller. Fuzzy controller is robust and model free which is more suitable for such application. In this paper, Microgrid (MG) system is modeled with frequency regulation control using Fuzzy-PI controller. The results obtained are then compared with the conventional PI controller results. Fuzzy PI controller is easy to implement and tune, and gives better performance than conventional PI controller.


ABSTRACT Densities (ρ) and speeds of sound () were measured for the binary mixtures formed by ethyl lactate with n-propylamine, diisopropylamine, dipropylamine and tripropylamine mixtures at temperatures (303.15, 308.15 and 313.15) K over the entire composition range. These data were used to compute the isentropic compressibilities (), intermolecular free lengths (), excess molar volume (), excess isentropic compressibility (), excess inter molecular free lengths () and excess speeds of sound (). The excess functions were fitted and correlated with Redlich–Kister equation. The measured data were discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between component molecules. The values in the investigated mixtures were compared with various theoretical models to check their relative merits of pure component properties. FT-IR studies have been carried out and analysed to study the presence of interactions between unlike molecules of these mixtures. A good agreement is observed among the excess parameters and FT-IR studies.


As wearables become more widely adopted, powering them from ambient energy sources can improve reliability and reduce reliance on batteries. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power is a viable power source for such emerging applications. However, because wearable applications bend and move with the user's motion, the PV panels used in these applications experience varying light intensities over multiple PV cells that reduce power generation in traditional series-string configurations. To address the PV power reduction problem, a configuration of boost converters with parallel-connected outputs are utilized, which is effective in uneven lighting conditions. Depending on the load demand and available solar power, a converter control system should quickly transition between maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and power curtailment operation. This work evaluates MPPT (perturb & observe and constant-voltage) algorithms and power curtailment (over-voltage shut-off and flexible power point tracking) methods on their effectiveness in wearable applications. Experimental results verify that the perturb & observe with flexible power point tracking effectively adapts to changes in the load and light conditions while maintaining 30% and 31% higher output power, respectively. It also maintains the maximum component temperature below 29 $^{\circ }$C which is a safe temperature for wearable applications.


This paper discusses themes of the Gift in relation to The Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, circa 1306, in particular the narrative form of the frescoes and the function of Giotto's visual language, with reference to the work of Marcel Mauss, Annette B Weiner, Andrew Ladis Laura Jacobus and Janetta Rebold Benton.

Enrico Scrovegni's expenditure in the commissioning of the Arena Chapel initiated a complex series of acts around the diverse forms of the gift and the transactional ambition in the gifting of the chapel. The paper examines the narrative of Joachim and Anna in the first register within the context of Giotto's general use of illusional space and composition, which offers the gift of visual realisation that accommodates, ensnares and manipulates the gaze of its audience.


Abstract. Opportunities to obtain education and training for working-school-age children (child labor) in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Indonesia are indispensable. This is indicated by mean of years of schooling of citizens in these countries is only about 7 years or equivalent to junior high school. In addition, population data show that labor with primary and secondary education level is quite high. These conditions encourage the formation of a labor force composition dominated by child laborers who are only elementary school graduates and children who have not graduated from secondary education due to a reason. In relation to the working work, the Agricultural Products Processing Industry is one of the industrial sectors targeted by child laborers. This is because the nature of some work lines in the industry does not require workers with high ability / competence. On the basis of these problems, there needs to be a solution to improve the competence of child labor through education which is flexible in adapting to the conditions of child labor. Distance learning can be served as an efficient or effective strategy or method to meet the educational needs of child laborers who have limited time due to work. This study aims to find out the readiness of Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam, to implement the distance learning programs. The results of the study of several indicators in each target country indicate that the distance learning program is feasible and ready to implement.


Excellent linearity with broad tuning range, low power dissipation, and less die area are the challenges existing in Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) employing CMOS technology. This work demonstrates an ultra-low power, altered Current-Starved (CS) VCO having a reduction in the number of transistors while achieving a linear tuning range for a broad range of frequencies. Simulated in AWR, the proposed VCO uses PTM 0.13 μm SPICE parameters at 1.3 V. Within the control voltage of 0.55 V – 1 V, linearity in oscillation frequencies from 1.709 GHz – 5.939 GHz indicating a broad tuning range of 95.12 % is obtained. The maximum power dissipated by the loaded oscillator circuit is 0.1977 μW (-37.04 dBm). Phase noise of -66.3 dBc/Hz is observed for a 1.709 GHz carrier at an offset frequency of 1 MHz, corresponding to a calculated Figure of Merit (FOM) of 248.82 dBc/Hz/mW. This ultra-low power consuming CS VCO having the characteristics of linear as well as broad tuning range, and low phase noise is acceptable for satellite applications in the L-C band.


This study evaluated an interactive videodisc cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) learning system developed by the American Heart Association. The CPR learning system was compared with traditional instruction as a method of providing CPR instruction to lay adults. Pre-assembled groups were randomly assigned to either control or experimental treatment. Pretest/post-test time series design was utilized. The findings indicated that there were no relationships demonstrated consistently between the demographic variables and cognitive knowledge/skills performan-ce. Subjects receiving traditional instruction were more likely to complete their course than were those subjects completing CPR learning system instruction. The CPR learning system was as effective as traditional instruction in providing cognitive knowledge instruction even though cognitive knowledge decreased significantly over the study period for all subjects. At three months post-training, only seven percent of all subjects tested demonstrated an acceptable performance of single-rescuer CPR. No passing performances were found at 6 months and only one passing performance was noted at 12 months.


High mountain environments have shown substantial geomorphological changes forced by rising temperatures in recent decades. As such, paraglacial transition zones in catchments with rapidly retreating glaciers and abundant sediments are key elements in high alpine river systems and promise to be revealing, yet challenging, areas of investigation for the quantification of current and future sediment transport. In this study, we explore the potential of semi-automatic image analysis to detect the extent of the inundation area and corresponding inundation frequency in a proglacial outwash plain (Jamtal valley, Austria) from terrestrial time-lapse imagery. We cumulated all available records of the inundated area from 2018–2020 and analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of flood flows. The approach presented here allows semi-automated monitoring of fundamental hydrological/hydraulic processes in an environment of scarce data. Runoff events and their intensity were quantified and attributed to either pronounced ablation, heavy precipitation, or a combination of both. We detected an increasing degree of channel concentration within the observation period. The maximum inundation from one event alone took up 35% of the analyzed area. About 10% of the observed area presented inundation in 60–70% of the analyzed images. In contrast, 60–70% of the observed area was inundated in less than 10% of the analyzed period. Despite some limitations in terms of image classification, prevailing weather conditions and illumination, the derived inundation frequency maps provide novel insights into the evolution of the proglacial channel network.


In studies on the psychology of memory, it has long been established that the principal segments, in terms of content, of logically coherent material are recalled best [3, 7, 8, 18]. This phenomenon was first described by A. Binet & V. Henri in a study published in 1895. On the basis of experiments with children 9-12 years old, they concluded that "The essential parts of a story were remembered much better than the rest" [19. P. 36].


In 1920, Moissaye (Moyshe) Olgin was a former leader of the Jewish Socialist Bund in Tsarist Russia, a prominent member of Jewish radical circles in New York, a well-known Yiddish journalist, and an acknowledged Englishlanguage expert on Russian affairs. That year, and into the next, he returned to Russia, now under the control of the Soviets, for an extended visit that helped convert him from a left Socialist to an orthodox Communist. It took some time for his conversion to become complete, but by 1923 Olgin emerged as one of the leading Jewish Communists in the United States, known, as editor of the Party's Yiddish daily, the Freiheit, for his total and enthusiastic devotion to the Soviet regime. Olgin's Russian journey helps to explain the attraction of Communism for some American Jews, an important Party constituency, and to demonstrate the fundamental centrality of the Soviet myth to American Communists in general. This article looks at Olgin's 1920–1921 trip through two lenses: first, debates among historians of American Communism on the importance of the Soviet Union to the history of the Communist Party of the United States; and, second, contemporary theories of ''transnationalism'' in immigrant life. In Olgin's case, two different sorts of transnationalism reinforced each other: the political transnationalism of the Communist movement, with its center in Moscow, and the ethnic transnationalism inherent in American Jewry's ongoing emotional involvement with its main country of origin. Scholars of American Communism have divided into two highly politicized and polarized camps. One side argues that the Communist Party of the United States was subordinate to the Communist International and therefore to the


The function of precipitation intensity-duration-frequency is needed for the planning and design of water resource projects. Short duration precipitation data are hardly available. However the total hourly-recorded available precipitation data for different parts of NWFP from different departments have been collected and analyzed for the present study. The data from WAPDA is found to be more authentic. Making use of the data, functions of intensity-duration-frequency for precipitation are developed for the Bannu region, representing the lower hilly and plane areas in NWFP. The IDF curves are plotted for 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100-year return periods. The theoretical intensities of precipitation calculated by the developed functions are in close agreement with those recorded at the stations through automatic gages. Only 7 % variation is observed for most of the time. The values of the constants k, b and exponents n, m in the IDF function are calculated from the observed precipitation data. The correctness of the developed function is ascertained through its comparison with existing equations for depth duration developed for the world's largest rainfall events. The function developed is found to produce more realistic results for regions in NWFP. The developed function may be used in the same region in a radius of about 100 km. For design practices regarding the prediction of precipitation in the future, instead of consulting 26 years of data available for the same region on hourly basis.


We study Lebesgue integration of sums of products of globally subanalytic functions and their logarithms, called constructible functions. Our first theorem states that the class of constructible functions is stable under integration. The second theorem treats integrability conditions in Fubini-type settings, and the third result gives decay rates at infinity for constructible functions. Further, we give preparation results for constructible functions related to integrability conditions.


The main problem in this study involve (1) what are the education characteristics served as the privilege pillars of Yogyakarta, (2) what are the life social phenomenons inconsistent with the personality, civilization, dan culture of Indonesian people, and (3) how to redesign the national education concept to develop civilization and culture. It is concluded that (1) the education served as the privilege pillars of Yogyakarta refers to the educational concept implemented in Kraton and Paku Alaman, Muhamadiyah, Tamansiswa, Pesantren setting, and western model-based schooling; (2) various social phenomenons inconsistent with the personality, civilization, and culture involve attitudes and behaviour of being ready to be winner but not to be the losing oarty, lower road traffic-awareness, coercion-based democratization, widespread violences, and flourishing corruption; (3) the redesign of national education concept should be conducted through (a) education and learning processes at all types and levels based on civilization and culture, (b) education and learning that should be able to be implemented in family, school, and community settings, (c) the paradigm of school learning that should be focused on learners, and emphasizing cognitive, affective, psychomotor aspects, (d) the redesign of discriminative education concept, (e) the curriculum at all levels that should require the Panca Sila (Five Principles) Education as the compulsory subject, to make it consistent with the civilization and culture of Indonesian people.


The Alpha-1 antitrypsin belonging to serpin family is a protease inhibitor, the level of which rises by a factor of ten during inflammation Purpose: To investigate the stability of normal and aberrantly glycosylated α1-antitrypsin through molecular dynamics simulation Study Design: Experimental study Methodology: Current project was conducted in the department of Biochemistry at Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. A1AT FASTA sequence was retrieved from UniProt database (UniProt ID: P01009). Post-Translational Modifications (PTM) regions were identified from the same database. GLYCONNECT database was used to understand N-linked glycation with the asparagine residues found at position 70, 107, and 271 amino acid residue regions Statistical analysis: Different bioinformatics analyses such that Root Mean Square Deviation, Radius of gyration, Root Mean Square fluctuation, Hydrogen-bonding, Secondary Structure Determination, and Principal Component Analysis were executed for 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation run Results: RMSd, RMSf, and Rgyr significantly differ between the native type and cancer isoform. More H-bonding and strong protein stability and folding were seen in the native type. PCA analysis further confirms native type compact motion in the parallel direction during MD simulation Conclusion: It was concluded that glycated protein appears to have high structural stability than its aberrant glycated protein. However, it will be utilized for the prompt production of the anti-cancer drugs to effectively treating cancer disease Key Words: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, Aberrant Glycosylation and Molecular Dynamic Simulation.


In this paper two radial compliance mechanisms are discussed for the scroll compressor: the eccentric bushing and the slider block. These two mechanisms couple the orbiting scroll hub with the crank shaft offset. Several references have discussed the eccentric bushing mechanism briefly in the past, while none have specifically discussed the slider block. This paper will discuss modeling these two approaches in more detail, and further, will discuss the dynamic characteristics of these mechanisms and their effect on scroll compressor performance over a range of different geometries. NOMENCLATURE a Acceleration b Eccentricity of eccentric bushing, or slider block offset d Distance along slide block from shaft axis to reaction force e Eccentricity of orbit for orbiting scroll relative to fixed scroll F Force m Hass r Crank offset in eccentric bushing mechanism, or position vector T Torque w Vidth of slider block ~ Included angle at axis £ in eccentric bushing mechanism "' Phase angle + Eccentric bushing tangent angle ~ Friction coefficient y Slider block offset angle yc Included angle at axis c in eccentric bushing mechanism ym Included angle at axis m in eccentric bushing mechanism ~ Angular speed of crankshaft a Crank angle Subscripts a Axial component bl Slider block cr Crank offset ec Eccentric bushing Inertia force o Reference value p Pressure force r Radial component s seal force sb Scroll bearing hub Tangential component Superscripts First derivative with respect to time Second derivative with respect to time Scroll their high competing INTRODUCTION compressors are quickly gaining popularity in many applications due to efficiency, fewer parts, and low noise and vibration as compared to compressor types. It is also widely recognized that in order to achieve


Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa. By Daniel N. Posner. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 337p. $70.00 cloth, 26.99 paper. In the popular mind, ethnic conflict in Africa invariably revolves around deep-seated tribal identities and rivalries. Unfortunately, this perspective ignores the fact that Africans, like people everywhere, have multiple group identities. Although Daniel Posner singles out tribal affiliations as an important source of ethnic cleavage in Africa, he sees ethnicity as also including group identities based on race, clan, region, language, and religion. While much of the book provides a meticulous examination of the evolution of ethnic cleavage structures and ethnic politics in one African country, Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa, as the title indicates, is far more than a detailed case study of Zambia, a former British colony known as Northern Rhodesia before independence. It is also a splendid primer as to how to systematically apply institutional analysis to explain political behavior.


The Poisson summation formula (PSF), which relates the sampling of an analog signal with the periodization of its Fourier transform, plays a key role in the classical sampling theory. In its current forms, the formula is only applicable to a limited class of signals in L1. However, this assumption on the signals is too strict for many applications in signal processing that require sampling of non-decaying signals. In this paper we generalize the PSF for functions living in weighted Sobolev spaces that do not impose any decay on the functions. The only requirement is that the signal to be sampled and its weak derivatives up to order 1/2+ ε for arbitrarily small ε > 0, grow slower than a polynomial in the L2 sense. The generalized PSF will be interpreted in the language of distributions.


This chapter evaluates strategies for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) testing and discusses the risk for arrhythmia in patients with OSA. Arrhythmia generation has been associated with sleep apnea, and the case presented here highlights that particularly in heart failure, respiratory events can be a ventricular arrhythmia trigger secondary to OSA-related physiologic consequences such as autonomic nervous system fluctuations, intrathoracic pressure alterations, and upregulation of pathways of systemic inflammation. Untreated OSA increases the risk for sudden cardiac death, particularly between midnight and 6 a.m. Individuals with heart failure, even if they do not report sleepiness, should be evaluated for OSA, as nearly half will have this disorder. Limited data suggest that OSA treatment can decrease arrhythmogenesis in heart failure and may be a potential avenue to decrease morbidity in patients with heart failure.


The word "fall" does not usually strike fear in the hearts of most people. But it should. Falls are all too common in the geriatric population, and they have devastating consequences. They are the leading cause of injury and death by injury in adults over the age of 65 years.1 One of 3 community-dwelling older adults falls each year, with 24% of those who fall sustaining serious injuries and 6% sustaining fractures.2 In the year 2000, falls cost the US health care system more than $19 billion, a number that is expected to increase to $54.9 billion by 2020.3 A person who falls may subsequently experience pain, hospitalization, surgical intervention, admission to a nursing home, decreased overall functional ability, poorer quality of life, or a fear of falling.


Polyethylene glycols are a product group with a wide range of applications both in the industrial chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The manufacture, nomenclature, physical-chemical properties and toxicology of polyethylene glycols are summarized. The different application fields of polyethylene glycols are shown.


Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques were recently proposed for HSUPA in 3GPP. In this paper, we show that compared to the baseline non-MIMO transmission, the beam-forming closed loop transmission diversity (CLTD) can provide clear UE Tx power saving but sometimes only little throughput gain. Spatial multiplexing can provide substantial throughput gain while the cost in increased UE Tx power can be limited by e.g. adopting rank two transmission only under favorable channel condition. With proper rank adaptation a MIMO transmission supporting spatial multiplexing can provide 15% to 30% throughput gain compared to the baseline nonMIMO transmission for 2 Rx antennas while 20% to 60% throughput gain for 4 Rx antennas. With pure beam-forming CLTD the throughput gain is less than 13.5% for 2 Rx antennas while just 1.5% or less for 4 Rx antennas.


methods The study included 100 patients treated conservatively in the neurosurgical outpatient clinic. A self-prepared questionnaire, the NRS (Numerical Rating Scale) pain scale and the NDI (Neck Disability Index) performance evaluation scale were used to conduct the research. Differences in pain severity were found in the respective Neck Disability Index scale groups. There was no significant correlation between the type of work and the degree of disability on the Neck Disability Index scale and the relationship between the mode of work and the perceived pain. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that there was a significant relationship between cervical spine pain and the degree of disability defined in the Neck Disability Index. The type of work performed did not show any relationship with the degree of Neck Disability Index disability, and the mode in which the work is performed has no significant impact on pain.


The genus series for dipoles is used to determine an explicit expression for the number of dipoles of given genus with a given number of edges. The approach uses a hypergeometric argument, which may assist with other classes of maps such as vertex-regular maps. Such maps are of importance in combinatorial theory and appear to have application to two-dimensional quantum gravity.


In this paper,by applying the fixed point theory combined with a monotone iterative technique,we investigate the unique positive solutions for first-ordre nonlinear impulsive singular terminal value problems in Banach spaces.In addition,an explicit iterative sequence for approximating the positive solution of terminal value problems is derived together with an error estimate.Furthermore,the conditions of the theorems in this paper can be easily verified.


Although the development of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) equation was partly based on the expertise of committee members convened under the auspices of NIOSH, to our knowledge, there is no study reported in the published literature that examined the role of professional expertise in determining the relative contribution of different lifting task variables to effort exertion. In this study, we explored whether professional expertise can be relied on, through the use of a systematic procedure, to quantify the effects of lifting task parameters on perceived effort and risk of injury outcome measures.


Objective
To explore the impact of social support and perceived stigma on depression for people living with HIV/AIDS.

Methods
A total of 114 patients recruited into our study. Date were collected by Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Social Supporting Rating Scale (SRSS) and Berger HIV Stigma Scale (BHSS) for patients. Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 7.0 software was used to conduct the path analysis.

Results
The total score of patients′ depression, SRSS and BHSS were (52.22±10.28), (29.09±5.98), (109.02±14.59) points, and there was correlation between the three (r=0.425-0.676, P<0.05). Social support revealed direct effects on depression and affected depression indirectly via BHSS. The paths′ total coefficients was -0.47. BHSS as intermediary variable between social support and depression, the paths′ total coefficients was 0.64.

Conclusions
The level of depression, SRSS and BHSS were not fine for HIV/AIDS. Depression are directly affected by SRSS and BHSS, BHSS has a greater moderating effect on these relationships. Interventions developed on the basis of influencing factors of depression should be applied to improve patients′ depression status.

Key words:
People living with HIV/AIDS; Depression; Social support; Perceived stigma; Path analysis


Buildings are constantly exposed to various kinds of vibration during their lifetime (such as traffic, ground-borne vibration, wind, and human-induced vibration). Typical receivers of these vibrations are humans occupying the structure. Apart from guidelines devoted specifically to human response to vibration [BSI 1992], there are vibration serviceability design guidelines for floor structures (such as those published by the U.K. Concrete Society [Pavic and Willford 2005]) that define vibration limits depending on the intended use of the structure (hospital operating theatres, residential buildings, offices, or workshops). Civil engineers typically prefer to use guidelines linked to the design of buildings rather than those devoted exclusively to vibration perception because of simplicity of the former and unfamiliarity with the latter. Data related to in-service vibration of a building are valuable, but are rare. This abstract presents such data from 1 day of monitoring of vertical vibration (generated by human walking) of an office building floor. The collected data were processed to calculate the vibration measures: vibration dose value (VDV), root-mean-square (rms), and R factor. These are discussed in the context that the office floor was subject to complaints due to its excessive vibration during normal occupancy.


We examined the distribution of zinc in the periphery (erythrocytes and serum) in a large, well-characterised cohort, the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study, in order to determine if there is systemic perturbation in zinc homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We observed an age dependent decrease in serum zinc of approximately 0.4% per year. When correcting for the age dependent decline in serum zinc no significant difference between healthy controls (HC), mildly cognitively impaired (MCI) or AD subjects was observed.


A facile method for the synthesis of 2-cyclopentenones from the acid catalysed fragmentation of 7,7-dimethoxy 5-norbornen-2-ols and their derivatives is reported.


Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis will cause pain and death if not treated properly. OAT (Antituberculosis Drugs) is a treatment for tuberculosis patients. OAT has different dosage regimens and types of drugs. Treatment of TB patients consists of two phases (intensive and continuation phases). The continuation phase was at to kill dormant bacteria to prevent recurrence in patients. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the pattern of using OAT in patients newly diagnosed rwith smear-positive at the continuation phase. This study is an observational descriptive study with results showing that the pattern of using OAT-KDT in patients was 89% and OAT-Separated was 11%. The pattern of using the OAT-KDT dose was 1x3 2KDT tablets. Another combination of antibiotics given to the patient is cotrimoxazole at a dose of 1x960mg. The side effect of OAT is an increase in serum transaminase and nausea each with a percentage of 23%. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the pattern of using OAT in Tuberculosis patients has followed the guidelines for the management of Tuberculosis treatment.


In this technique report, we aim to mitigate the overfitting problem of natural language by applying data augmentation methods. Specifically, we attempt several types of noise to perturb the input word embedding, such as Gaussian noise, Bernoulli noise, and adversarial noise, etc. We also apply several constraints on different types of noise. By implementing these proposed data augmentation methods, the baseline models can gain improvements on several sentence classification tasks.


The present invention discloses a capacitor voltage transformer having a high voltage harmonic measurement function, and the electromagnetic unit comprises a capacitive voltage divider, and further comprising a capacitor in series with a current transformer, a high voltage capacitor, and a low-voltage capacitor connected in series with the capacitor are sequentially formed a series circuit, compensation reactor, intermediate and current transformers are sequentially connected to form a series circuit. The present invention in a low pressure conventional capacitive voltage divider capacitor branch capacitor voltage transformer in series with a capacitor in series with the electromagnetic unit branches a conventional current transformer, and the voltage on the electromagnetic unit measured capacitance in series current branch, the capacitive voltage divider in conjunction with high and low pressure values and capacitance values of the capacitance in series, can be calculated harmonic content of the voltage of the high pressure system. The present invention can provide highly accurate measurements of high-voltage harmonic frequency while measuring the high voltage, to provide the necessary data to support the high pressure system status harmonic analysis.


In 1989 Kushilevitz initiated the study of information-theoretic privacy within the context of communication complexity. Unfortunately, it has been shown that most interesting functions are not privately computable. The unattainability of perfect privacy for many functions motivated the study of approximate privacy. Feigenbaum et al. define notions of worst-case as well as average-case approximate privacy, and present several interesting upper bounds, and some open problems for further study. In this paper, we obtain asymptotically tight bounds on the tradeoffs between both the worst-case and average-case approximate privacy of protocols and their communication cost for Vickrey-auctions. Further, we relate the notion of average-case approximate privacy to other measures based on information cost of protocols. This enables us to prove exponential lower bounds on the subjective approximate privacy of protocols for computing the Intersection function, independent of its communication cost. This proves a conjecture of Feigenbaum et al.


In order to solve the problem of target broken during the video processing,this paper proposed an improved approach for extracting moving targets based on self-adaptive threshold.Once obtained the background subtraction image by non-modeling background model,built a novel environment noise distribution map as the environment noise was relatively stable.With the help of this map,filtered the environment noise in the background subtraction image.It obtained the adaptive thre-shold by using the optimal image threshold algorithm through the filtered image,and extracted the moving targets finally.Experiment results show that the proposed approach here can apparently improve the effect of moving targets extraction.


Constant improvements in the performance of internet and computer technologies combined with rapid advancements in computer vision algorithms now make it possible to efficiently and flexibly reconstruct the 3D geometry of objects. Objects of different sizes can be modelled using image sequences from commercial digital cameras that are processed by web services and freely available software packages, forming low cost systems for numerous applications (restoration, historical care of monuments, visualization, analysis of the state of construction and the damage, etc.). In this contribution various cultural objects (historical buildings, statues/figures, archaeological finds, etc.) have been reconstructed in order to investigate the potential of this technology which enables the automatic generation of 3D point clouds or surface models (as 3D polygons) with photo-realistic texture from image data. These so-called low cost systems represent an efficient alternative to expensive terrestrial laser scanning syst...


(2014). Nicholas Tsagourias and Nigel D White, Collective Security: Theory, Law and Practice. Journal on the Use of Force and International Law: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 375-386.


Abstract Copper precipitation is one of the important Cu fixation mechanisms of Cu-amine-treated wood. In the present work, possible pathways of Cu precipitation have been investigated via in vitro and in situ studies focusing on effects of pH and temperature and Cu species formed in Cu-monoethanolamine (Cu-Mea)-treated wood. Higher-concentration Cu-Mea solutions required a lower pH and higher amounts of acid for the precipitation because of the higher amount of free Mea in the preservative-wood system. For this reason, Cu fixation during wet conditioning of wood treated to high Cu retention (2.0% treating solution) resulted in only a slight pH decrease and low Cu fixation. When lower-concentration solutions (0.67% and 0.2%) were applied, the pH decreased enough for Cu precipitation, and the much higher Cu fixation rate was driven by both chemisorption and precipitation. Evaluation of leaching after wet conditioning and drying showed that additional Cu precipitation could occur during drying. Wet conditioning of Cu-Mea-treated wood at 50°C showed outwardly faster and higher Cu fixation, but resulted in higher Cu leaching. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the in vitro precipitated Cu was a mixture of azurite and malachite, and possibly, Cu2O formed as a result of Cu-Mea decomposition.


In this paper we address a generalization of the Weber problem, in which we seek for the center and the shape of a rectangle (the facility) minimizing the average distance to a given set (the demand-set) which is not assumed to be finite. Some theoretical properties of the average distance are studied, and an expression for its gradient, involving solely expected distances to rectangles, is obtained. This enables the resolution of the problem by standard optimization techniques.


A revised version of the authors' BPM that includes quantitatively accurate closed-form expressions for the Fowler-Nordheim coefficients is summarized. For field emitter arrays with integrated focus with the gate and focus biased at the same potential (V/sub G/, = V/sub F/) the emission current was 100 nA/tip at 42 V, with about 50% intercepted by the focus. It was deduced that the tip radius of curvature is 2.4-3.6 nm. Analytical model, numerical simulation, and transmission electron microscopy micrographs all gave tip ROC values in this range. We studied electron beam collimation with lowering the focus voltage VF at different values of the gate voltage V/sub G/, and observed that the optimal VF is about 0.25 V/sub G/, confirming earlier predictions by the authors. From the measurements of beam collimation as a function of cathode-anode separation, we deduced the horizontal velocity of electrons. Under optimal collimation the estimated horizontal velocity was practically zero, and diameter of the spot size produced by a 5 /spl times/ 5 array with a 40 /spl times/ 40 /spl mu/m footprint on the phosphor screen biased at 5 kV and located 15 mm away was at most 50 /spl mu/m.


Scorpionate complexes of the middle to late 3d transition metals [(L)M(NCMe)3](BF4)n (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni: 1M, L = tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane, TpmMe,Me, n = 2; 2M, L = tris(3-phenylpyrazol-1-yl)methane, TpmPh, n = 2; 3M except 3Mn, L = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [TpMe,Me]−, n = 1; 4M, L = hydrotris(3-phenyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [TpPh,Me]−, n = 1) were examined as catalysts for styrene aziridination and THF amination using phenyl-N-tosyliodinane as a nitrene donor. [(TpmMe,Me)Fe(NCMe)3](BF4)2 (1Fe) was identified as the most active catalyst, giving nearly quantitative nitrene transfer yields at 5 mol % loadings. The reactivity of 1Fe with a wider range of organic substrates was also explored, and a striking observation was strong selectivity for aromatic rather than benzylic amination for alkylaromatic substrates.


We investigate theoretically the transport current through a double-bended graphene nanoribbon where ZGNR is set between two AGNR leads. After the introduction of graphene and graphene nanoribbon, we use the tight-binding model to describe an A-Z-AGNR system and then modify both the recursive green function method and the boundary conditions proposed by T. Ando to suit our study. We develop a program which is capable of flexible calculation. We simulate currents under different conditions, with a lateral electric field applied on the portion of ZGNR. The results suggest that the appropriate lateral electric field could turn off the current and the device could be controlled by field effect. The transmission oscillates when changing the lateral electric field, the length of ZGNR, and the energy of incident electron. This oscillation is due to the coherent resonant tunneling, which happens when the propagating electron bounces back and forth between the two ends of ZGNR and satisfies the constructive interference condition.


Our country college English education reform has been the effect and the idea of teaching according to the situation of students has been known by everyone.But when students improve their comprehensive ability,the ability of spoken English improve a little.The author think that no matter what method is that students have to be drilled,and must be persevering and unremitting.


The history of Meconopsis grandis is described and the species analysed in the light of collections made since George Taylor's monograph of the genus in 1934. Two new subspecies, subsp. orientalis Grey-Wilson and subsp. jumlaensis Grey-Wilson, are described based on both morphological and geographical separation. Hybrids between M. grandis and the allied M. baileyi are assessed. Techniques for the cultivation of M. grandis are also given.


The paper aims to analyze the impact of human capital on access to financial services for SMEs by comparing results of two developing countries, Botswana and Tanzania. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of human capital for male and female entrepreneurs on access to financial services. This study used a survey questionnaire to collect primary data in the manufacturing sector from a sample size of 115 SMEs for Gaborone in Botswana and 81 SMEs for Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. Descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA were deployed to analyze the data. In Botswana, the majority of SMEs (52.2%) were females while in Tanzania males were (54.3%). The findings indicate that there is a statistically significant impact of human capital on access to financial services for Botswana in terms of education (p=0.002), work experience ( p = 0.000 ), years of experience as owner manager in business ( p = 0.000 ), and lapse of time of attending training related to business ( p = 0.002 ). Findings also show that there is a statistically significant impact of human capital on access to financial services for Tanzania in terms of work experience ( p = 0.009 ), and years of experience as owner manager in business ( p = 0.048 ).


Lurbinectedin is a novel highly selective inhibitor of RNA polymerase II triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis of cancerous cells. This article describes the development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay to quantify lurbinectedin in human plasma and urine. Plasma samples were pre-treated with 1 M aqueous ammonia after which they were brought onto supported liquid extraction (SLE) columns. Lurbinectedin was eluted from the columns using tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME). Urine was first diluted in plasma and lurbinectedin was extracted M01183 PLC–MS/MS lasma rine ioanalysis from this matrix by liquid-liquid extraction using TBME. Samples were measured by LC–MS/MS in the positive electron ion spray mode. The method was linear over 0.1–100 ng/mL and 1–1000 ng/mL in plasma and urine, respectively, with accuracies and precisions within ±15% (20% for LLOQ) and below 15% (20% for LLOQ), respectively. The method was developed to support a mass balance study in which patients received a dose of 5 mg lurbinectedin. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


This paper is related to, but not equivalent to, the keynote talk given at the workshop on Physics of Computation.. This published version concentrates more on matters of detail, and is not intended as a survey.


Ab stra ct
T The objective of this research is to know the effect of customer satisfaction and brand trust toward brand loyalty Telkomsel in the Bengkulu city. This study is a quantitative descriptive which is focus the on issues such as the current facts of a particular phenomenon by using the statistic calculations. The type of data used a primary data that is collected from questionnaires. Respondents of this study is the customer Telkomsel in Bengkulu city as many 65 people were taken with the purposive sampling technique. The methods of data analysis used are descriptive analysis by using the mean, frequency distribution table and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the analysis, the result that the partial customer satisfaction and brand trust is positively and significantly impact on brand loyalty Telkomsel in Bengkulu city. And the simultaneously customer satisfaction and brand trust significantly effect on brand loyalty Telkomsel in Bengkulu city. This means that the more satisfied consumers on customer satisfaction and brand trust, so on brand loyalty will also be higher of Telkomsel in Bengkulu city.


The aim of this study is to assess whether overexpressing neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a growth factor known to attenuate hepatic lipogenesis, in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could enhance their ability to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and improve lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks and then were given intravenous transplantation of adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) or ADSCs overexpressing Nrg4 (Nrg4-ADSCs). Assessment of body weight and blood glucose and insulin levels as well as glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test was performed four and eight weeks after cell injection. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the plasma and liver were also measured. The mRNA levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in muscle and adipose tissues were assessed by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, including sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase, was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The HFD-fed mice receiving ADSCs or Nrg4-ADSCs showed reduced blood glucose levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity, with the Nrg4-ADSC group exhibiting increased improvement in these aspects. HFD-induced changes in the expression of GLUT4 and IL-6 and TNF-α in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were partially reversed by ADSC or Nrg4-ADSC infusion; however, no difference was observed between these two groups. Nrg4-ADSC-treated mice showed less fat cell deposition and lower TG and TC levels in the serum and liver with decreased expression of SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase compared with the ADSC group. ADSC transplantation can reduce blood glucose level and ameliorate IR induced by HFD. The protective effects of ADSC can be attributed to suppression of inflammation and augmentation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. More importantly, Nrg4 overexpression in ADSCs could strengthen this efficacy by attenuating hepatic lipogenesis. Impact statement Due to high-fat and high-sugar diets accompanied by sedentary lifestyles, diabetes has become a global epidemic. Literature findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of Nrg4 on treating obesity-related metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) were used in our study as they are abundant and can be harvested with minimally invasive procedures. In the end, our study reveals that ADSC transplantation improves glucose tolerance and metabolic balance in HFD-fed mice by multiple mechanisms, including upregulating GLUT4 expression and suppressing inflammation. More importantly, our study shows that Nrg4 overexpression could improve the efficacy of ADSCs in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR) and other obesity-related metabolic disorders, given the function of Nrg4 in attenuating hepatic lipogenesis. It would provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity, IR, and T2D.


Male baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) give loud, two-syllable wahoo calls in response to predators (alarm wahoos) and during aggressive displays that may include multiple males chasing each other or females (contest wahoos). Although acoustic analysis has revealedsignificant d ifferences between the two calls, these differences are subtle and the two subtypes can be difficult for humans to distinguish. Whatever the evolutionary mechanisms that might have acted on the production of acoustically graded loud calls, it would seem to be adaptive for listeners to discriminate among calls that are given in qualitatively different contexts. This is particularly true in the case of female baboons. Alarm wahoos, which are given during predator encounters, demand qualitatively different responses from contest wahoos, which are given in contexts when females are at risk of harassment andinfanticid e by males. In playback experiments, females responded for significantly longer durations to alarm than to contest wahoos. Moreover, only alarm wahoos causedfemales to flee. Despite their acoustic similarity, female baboons appear to associate alarm and contest wahoos with qualitatively different events.


This paper presents a communication scheme design with VHDL language for parallel array of processors implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for the solution of linear equation systems. The solution is performed using the division-free Gaussian elimination method. This algorithm was implemented in integrated processors in a FPGA Spartan 3 of Xilinx. The communication design uses read/write communication channels. These channels transmit the coefficients calculated with division free Gaussian elimination method from Processor Elements (PE) to another in the array of parallel architecture. Vertical channels are used for the columns onto the processor grid whereas horizontal channels are used for rows. A top-down design was used. The proposed architecture can handle IEEE 754 single and double precision floating-point data and the architecture is implemented in 240 identical processors.


Precision agriculture (PA) has been used for ≥25 years to optimize inputs, maximize profit, and minimize negative environmental impacts. Legumes play an important role in cropping systems, by associating with rhizobia microbes that convert plant-unavailable atmospheric nitrogen into usable nitrogen through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). However, there can be field-level spatial variability for SNF activity, as well as underlying soil factors that influence SNF (e.g., macro/micronutrients, pH, and rhizobia). There is a need for PA tools that can diagnose spatial variability in SNF activity, as well as the relevant environmental factors that influence SNF. Little information is available in the literature concerning the potential of PA to diagnose/optimize SNF. Here, we critically analyze SNF/soil diagnostic methods that hold promise as PA tools in the short–medium term. We also review the challenges facing additional diagnostics currently used for research, and describe the innovations needed to move them forward as PA tools. Our analysis suggests that the nitrogen difference method, isotope methods, and proximal and remote sensing techniques hold promise for diagnosing field-level variability in SNF. With respect to soil diagnostics, soil sensors and remote sensing techniques for nitrogen, phosphorus, pH, and salinity have short–medium term potential to optimize legume SNF under field conditions.


The metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) bandpass filter was developed by Geffcken in 1939. Subsequently, Schroeder, Bates and Bradley, and Maier have constructed such filters for use in the uv. This letter describes aluminum-MgF2-aluminum bandpass filters for the spectral region below 2000 Å. Figure 1 depicts the spectral transmittance of three such filters, as measured on a McPherson model 225 spectrophotometer. The peak transmittance Tmax the wavelength λ0 at which peak trans mittance occurs, and the full bandwidth BW at 50% of Tmax of these filters are summarized in Table I. The bandwidth of these filters is considerably influenced by the absorption of the crystalline substrates, as evidenced by the nar rowing of the bandwidth as λ0 decreases. The aluminum films in these filters are approximately 150 Å in thickness and were deposited in less than 5 sec. If the aluminum were deposited at a faster rate, films of superior optical quality would be obtained, but at the expense of less reliable control of the film thickness. In the future we intend to increase the aluminum deposition rate and better quality filters should result.


We study the spectra of G/G coset models by computing BRST cohomology of affine Lie algebras with coefficients in tensor product of two modules. One-to-one correspondence between the spectra of ${{A_1^1 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{A_1^1 } {A_1^1 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {A_1^1 }}$ and that of the minimal matter coupled to gravity (including boundary states of the Kac table) is observed. This phenomenon is discussed from the point of Hamiltonian reduction of BRST complexes of $A_N^1 $ Lie algebras.


Cognitive engineering is at an early stage of evolution. In order for it to flourish and mature, we need a diverse conceptual gene pool of alternative proposals that can feed into a natural selection process. Dowell and Long provide one such proposal, and in this commentary, I describe another based on the conceptual genotype originating from Riso National Laboratory in Roskilde, Denmark since the 1960s. Only by generating and critically testing the comparative fitness of these and other alternative proposals will we have a cumulative, mature, and thriving discipline of cognitive engineering.


Labor disputes grew ever more fierce in China in the first half of the 20th century. On the conceptual level, the capitalists unexeptionally sang odes to the cooperation between capital and labor. Cooperation and mutual development would benefit both capital and labor, either for the purpose of developing enterprises in China, or for the purpose of maximizing benefits. However, capital and labor as opposing classes or interest groups were intrinsically confronting and conflicting with each other. On the practical level, capitalists often tried to be cooperative and compromise to labor to some extent, so that conflicts might be reduced or resolved. However, the decision was made mainly upon the capitalists' calculation of their interest in case of conflict.


The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we obtain the explicit exact formal solutions of differential equations of different types in the form with Dyson chronological operator exponents. This allows us to deal directly with the solutions to the equations rather than the equations themselves. Second, we consider in detail the algebraic properties of chronological operators, yielding an extensive family of operator identities. The main advantage of the approach is to handle the formal solutions at least as well as ordinary functions. We examine from a general standpoint linear and non-linear ODEs of any order, systems of ODEs, linear operator ODEs, linear PDEs and systems of linear PDEs for one unknown function. The methods and techniques involved are demonstrated on examples from important differential equations of mathematical physics.


The Montanistika building, which also houses the department of Geology of University of Ljubljana, is a remarkable object that is entered in the register of cultural heritage. The interior of the building (walls, floors and other elements) is adorned with numerous stone elements that emphasize its monumentality, and also carry important information about the extraction and use of natural stone in the past. From a geological point of view, the corridors and lobby of the building represent a special geological museum that provide the place for the education and combines natural and cultural heritage.

For decoration of the building interior local architectural stones (mostly Slovenian, partly Croatian) was used. The rocks used cover representatives of all three basic rock types (sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks) which offers the opportunity to use these rocks also for the dissemination of geological contents to wider public.

The main objective of the research was to present the natural heritage to a wider audience in a narrative way using pictured dialogues, augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). In addition to the implementation aspect of planning and designing a digital representation of natural heritage, the research also included the study process of graphic students, whose task was to optimally solve the digital presentation of the natural heritage with new media.

In the research three approaches were implemented with the task to digitally and interactively present the representative rocks in Montanistika building. The workflow of the research included the following creative steps: definition of digital strategy for natural heritage presentation, definition of content types and functionalities of interactive media, planning of information architecture and designing of wireframes, content creation (character design, 3D acquisition of the rocks, text and graphics creation), graphic design (layout, composition of elements), interaction and navigation design, developing of AR and VR applications, testing and optimization.

In AR apps the rocks were interpreted and described through the stories using their main characters, such as fossils and minerals. By the stylized characters and based on the geological knowledge and facts the comics were drawn. Characters were included in animated, video and sound storytelling that augmented building’s walls, staircases and floors made of rocks. These approaches enabled the presentation of the main rock properties to the observer in a more attractive way. In VR app, 360 scenes and 360 video recordings of the rocks were included. Here, the detailed information about each rock is additionally presented in the info boxes and the navigation allows the participants to interactively move from one virtual room to another. Additionally, elements such as stickers, tabs, and overlays were added to make the materials even more interactive and of interest to a younger audience.

The results of the research present three approaches of digitalization of natural heritage that include different levels of presentative and/or interpretative principles. The results demonstrate that VR presentations and stylized animated interpretations of rocks are valuable communicative media for digital natural heritage that enable an immersive experience of geological content.


This paper expounds the urgency and necessity of developing e-busin ess by Chinese enterprises under the condition of the new economy, makes more de tailed analysis on the current risks and challenges of Chinese enterprises, and puts forward some suggestions of how Chinese enterprises to develop e-business.


Rec.nt teclmology advances are making It posslbl. for UV-VIS spectrometers to be us.d In new ways. Whli. UV-VlS spectromet.rs .... w.1I .stabllshed laboratory and research Instruments., .... technology Is now capabl. of being used for in-sftu ntaI Ihne analysis of compl.x chemic.. solutions In S.Id and factory anvIlOl..·........ Fiber optic probes pennlt contact between the .mltted Dght and a ......pl. In locations remote from the anaiyur such _ proc... tanks, now str.ams or monitoring well.. Photodlod. array detectors p.rmit fast. broad range detection of the absorption slgnsture for a sampl. solution. Ch.mometrlcs permits this Information to be Interpret.d In ord.r to .stabllsh the contribution from Indlvldu" chemical constltu.nts to the absorption signature for the solution. Immobilized r.agents may bit used to aid detection of som. analyte.. I. BASIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY TECHNOLOGY Ultravlolet-vlsible absorpUon spectromeIry (twAS). although a famlll ... technlqu. for chemical analysis In the laboratory, Is not oft.n conslder.d a pracUcai technlqu. for field .... In proc.ss control, monitoring or oth.r applications wh.r. varlabl. multk:onstltuent chemical solutions are pr.sent.d for real tim. analysl.. Thl. Is usuany due to .... perception that because so many substance. absorb In the U1MIisibl. range, there Is no pracIIcaI or rellabl. way to capture any meaningful Information conc.mlng the Individual chemical consIiIuenta. Colorimetry The d.t.ctlon of a color change that occurs In a solution upon the addition of an Indtcalor ch.mlcal Is fundam.ntal to the field of ch.mlcal lII'IaIysi" Such colorom.trlc tests rely upon chang•• In the ability of the chemicals In a solution to absorb light In the vlsibl. region of the electromagnatic spectrum. Many mod.m laboratories are .qulpped with a "....., of colo......... and photometers to _1st In performarte. of accurst. 8pIICb'o8copfc lII'Ialysl.. Typically, reagenl. and Indicator chemicals are added to the solution to bit analyzed to produc. strong, s.lectlv., detectabl. reactions with an Int.nsity that Is proportlonat. to the cone...b don of the analyt. being m.asur.d. In this way, both qualltatlv. and quantitative analysis can be p.rform.d. Such Instrum.nts .... typically tun.d to Dr. KInleth J. SchIIIgw BIoIronIes Technologies. Inc. 12020 W. ~ Ave. WauwaIOllll. WI $3221 (414) 415-1853 specific _lengths so that .ach chemJcaI to be detected requires a new analysl.. Absorption and En.rgy Transition. All forms of absorption spectroscopy are based on .... m••ur.m.nI of chang.. In .n.rgy. When a mol.cul. absorbe radiation, Its en.rgy Incre..... The Increase In energy Is retlected In the form of changes In electronic. vIbnUonaIor rotatlonal.nergy of .... molecul. [RAO 67). Quantum mechanics tells us that only c.rtaln dlscret. en.rgy levels are possibl. In atoma and moIecul.s and that the atoms or molecule. must exist at all times In on. or anoIher of these -allowed" .n.rgy stat... The lowest en.rgy level Is called the -ground state" and higher levels .... referred to as -.xcited states" (se. figure 1). Und.r normal conditions, an atom or mol.cul. occupl.s the ground stat., but If .n.rgy Is acquired from an ext.rnaI sourc., the en.rgy I.vel can Jump from the ground stat. to on. of the pennltted .xclted states (1HO 74). Bond Characteristics H ~T' (J v)c I 0: ~71 H ~(J


A micromachined cantilever-based flow sensor is designed based on differential pressure. Numerical analysis and analogue simulation are used to investigate the FSI (fluid–structure interaction) characteristics of the differential pressure flow sensor. The FSI model is created using the hydromechanics and elastic mechanics, and a systematic theory is established to complete the numerical analysis. Then the working mechanism of the flow sensor is analysed depending on the FSI results. The analogue simulation is undertaken by the commercial software FLUENT and ANSYS. The result of the numerical analysis is similar to that of the analogue simulation. Considering the results of the numerical analysis and the analogue simulation, the shape and size of the flow sensor are optimised. Moreover, the optimised flow sensor is fabricated and calibrated. The calibration results show that the cantilever-based differential pressure flow sensor achieves ideal static characteristics and works well in practical applications.


In this Digital Era our all information is available online on our social media, now day huge number of user using social media platforms and this information is used by someone to get knowledge but some of them use this information to destroy or steal without our knowledge this above line is a part of hacking and who does so called HACKER if there is any bad happen the savior will and our savior is ETHICAL HACKER who save us to form these type of actions need of them.


The possibility of cultivating so-called hostdependent microbes (HDM) is fascinating. We now focus on Mycobacterium Zepraemurium, the previously "obligate intracellular agent" of rat leprosy. Since this organism, until recently, had been noncultivable for 70 years, it is a model from which one can derive principles applicable to the urgently needed cultivation of M. lepraernunum. Metabolic or biochemical monitors of the physiologic state of the experimental materia are a sine qua non because (1) such methods measure inhibitory conditions as readily as favorable ones, and (2) the lack of normal enzyme content makes host-dependent organisms particularly susceptible to inhibition.