Background. To limit viral transmission, COVID-19 testing strategies must evolve as new SARS-CoV-2 variants (and new respiratory viruses) emerge to ensure that the specimen types and test analytical sensitivities being used will reliably detect individuals during the pre-infectious and infectious periods. Our accompanying work demonstrated that there are extreme differences in viral loads among paired saliva (SA), anterior-nares swab (ANS) and oropharyngeal swab (OPS) specimens collected from the same person and timepoint. We hypothesized that these extreme differences may prevent low-analytical-sensitivity assays (such as antigen rapid diagnostic tests, Ag-RDTs) performed on a single specimen type from reliably detecting pre-infectious and infectious individuals. Methods. We conducted a longitudinal COVID-19 household-transmission study in which 228 participants collected SA, ANS, and OPS specimens for viral-load quantification by RT-qPCR, and performed an ANS Ag-RDT (Quidel QuickVue At-Home OTC COVID-19 Test) daily. We evaluated the performance of the Ag-RDT (n=2215 tests) to detect infected individuals (positive results in any specimen type by RT-qPCR) and individuals with presumed infectious viral loads (at or above thresholds of 10^4, 10^5, 10^6, or 10^7 copies/mL). Results. Overall, the daily Ag-RDT detected 44% (358/811) timepoints from infected individuals. From 17 participants who enrolled early in the course of infection, we found that daily Ag-RDT performance was higher at timepoints when symptoms were reported, but symptoms only weakly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, so ANS Ag-RDT clinical sensitivity remained below 50%. The three specimen types exhibited asynchronous presumably-infectious periods (regardless of the infectious viral-load threshold chosen) and the rise in ANS viral loads was delayed relative to SA or OPS for nearly all individuals, which resulted in the daily ANS Ag-RDT detecting only 3% in the pre-infectious period and 63% in the infectious period. We evaluated a computationally-contrived combined AN-OP swab based on viral loads from ANS and OPS specimens collected at the same timepoint; when tested with similar analytical sensitivity as the Ag-RDT, this combined swab was predicted to have significantly better performance, detecting up to 82% of infectious individuals. Conclusion. Daily ANS rapid antigen testing missed virtually all pre-infectious individuals, and more than one third of presumed infectious individuals due to low-analytical-sensitivity of the assay, a delayed rise in ANS viral loads, and asynchronous infectious viral loads in SA or OPS. When high-analytical-sensitivity assays are not available and low-analytical-sensitivity tests such as Ag-RDTs must be used for SARS-CoV-2 detection, an AN-OP combination swab is predicted to be most effective for detection of pre-infectious and infectious individuals. More generally, low-analytical-sensitivity tests are likely to perform more robustly using oral-nasal combination specimen types to detect new SASR-CoV-2 variants and emergent upper respiratory viruses.


Caused by the large economic and demographic challenges, the need of an active German immigration policy is currently debated. Therefore, it seems useful to learn the lessons of the guestworker regime after World War II, the first and substantial economically motivated immigration policy in Germany. This paper provides an overview of the German guestworker policy regime. First, the institutional and legal framework is studied. Second, the structure and distribution of migration is documented. Third, the paper investigates the effects of the employment of guestworkers on the labor market and the development of the German economy. It is shown that the guestworker regime of the 1960s and early 1970s has provided small income gains for native workers. However, the distributional effects associated with such general gains are shown to be remarkable. There were large income losses of unskilled labor and substantial income gains of skilled labor and capital. Hence, the effects of active recruitment of foreign labor on economic growth tended to be small. However, there is also evidence that the employment of guestworkers has provided a cyclical buffer for native employment. All in all it can be concluded that the guestworker regime was economically successful.


Summary form only given, as follows. Modeling a linear array as a set of uniformly positioned identical dipole antennas, and signals as coherent and nonrandom narrowband plane waves, the method of moments is applied to study the effects of mutual coupling on the direction-finding performance of the forward-backward linear prediction (FBLP) method. Galerkin's method is first applied to produce the voltage induced on the dipole loads by the assumed signals. Simulations show that when these voltages containing the effects of mutual coupling are used for processing, FBLP is incapable of extracting the directions of arrival with acceptable accuracy. A matrix which characterizes the mutual coupling among the dipoles is thus sought by again using Galerkin's method, and the outputs which would exist if mutual coupling were absent are than extracted from the sensor outputs. When these extracted data are used for processing, a significant improvement in the performance of PBLP is observed.<<ETX>>


A Gas turbine, computer software and a method for controlling an operating point of the gas turbine that includes a compressor, a combustor and at least a turbine are disclosed. The method includes a step of determining an exhaust pressure at an exhaust of the turbine; a step of measuring a compressor pressure discharge at the compressor; a step of determining a turbine pressure ratio based on the exhaust pressure and the compressor pressure discharge; a step of calculating a primary to lean-lean mode transfer threshold reference curve as a function of the turbine pressure ratio, where the primary to lean-lean mode transfer threshold curve includes points at which an operation of the gas turbine is changed between a primary mode to a lean-lean mode; and a step of controlling the gas turbine to change between the primary mode and the lean-lean mode.


We propose a system that synthesizes music suitable for emotional expressions of dances. This system divides a dance into a few seconds periods. Then, it extracts factors from dancer's motion, and transforms them into an emotional vector, then selects the most suitable music by comparing it with vectors expressing emotions of music. We developed this system and evaluated it.


For the past few decades, the quest for an improve indium tin oxide (ITO) films have attracted a lot of interest by scientists and industries for application in advanced optoelectronic devices. ITO/AgAl/ITO multilayer films were deposited on p-silicon (Si) substrates at room temperature by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering respectively. The effects of post-heat (annealing) treatment on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO/AgAl/ITO multilayer films were investigated at different temperature of 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal an amorphous structure for the as-deposited film whereas the post annealed films show a polycrystalline and cubic bixbyite structure with preferential peaks orientation along ITO (222), Ag (111), and ITO (440) crystalline directions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis indicates a smoother surface morphology and improved grain size after post heat treatment. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer measurements show a significant increase in optical transmittance spectra as the annealing temperature increases. Maximum transmittance peak of 87.2 % was obtained by film annealed at 500 °C. Four-point probe measurements exhibit a substantial decrease in sheet resistance with respect to increasing post-annealing temperature. The sheet resistance of the as-deposited film is about 7.85 Ω/sq and falls down to 3.23 Ω/sq as the post-heat temperature is increased to 500 °C. Compared to as-deposited film, the post annealed multilayer films optical and electrical properties have been successfully enhanced, fine turned and favourable for Si solar cell application.


A damage diagnosis expert system with an analogical reasoning scheme embedded in a conventional deductive reasoning mechanism is proposed. In this system, the inference mechanism is implemented basically by a deductive inference mechanism (DIM) with forward chaining, while an analogical inference mechanism (AIM) is invoked when the DIM cannot achieve a diagnosis goal directly. The degree of similarity between two fuzzy truth values is evaluated according to an extended concept of similarity relation and used to guide the analogical inference. It is novel in at least two aspects: (1) A case base is introduced for knowledge representation. (2) The analogical inference technique is applied for the inference when sufficient experience is lacking to obtain reliable rules.<<ETX>>


The application of nuclear irradiation in the field of traditional Chinese medicine has received much attention.In this paper we reviewed the application of nuclear radiation on the cultivation,breeding and disinfection of traditional Chinese medicine,and pointed out that the combination of radiation-induced mutagenesis and biological technology would promise broad prospects for increasing the cellular mutation rate and speeding up the genetic improvement of traditional Chinese medicine.


Sinha and Clelland's recently published paper [Sinha, B. K., R. C. Clelland. 1976. Modeling for the management of library collections. Management Sci. 22 (5) 547-557.] was received by the editor in September 1972, and this no doubt explains their apparent ignorance of recent literature.


Abstract Introduction Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an epidemic in the US that complicates the treatment of burn injuries. Lower extremity burns in diabetic patients, particularly the feet, are challenging problems with predictably unfavorable outcomes, as demonstrated by single-institution studies. National evaluations are absent, especially with regard to limb salvage. We aim to characterize lower extremity burns in persons with DM and evaluate the likelihood of amputation. We hypothesize that the incidence of DM associated foot burns is increasing in the US, and these patients are more likely to undergo lower extremity amputation than those without DM. Methods The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) was queried from 2007-2015 extracting encounters with primary burn injuries of the feet using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9th Edition codes. DM is a predefined comorbidity within the NTDB, allowing for cohort comparisons. Logistic regression modeled predictors of lower extremity amputation. Patient covariables included age, sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities. Burn covariables included % burn total body surface area (TBSA), mechanism, and region of burn center. Poisson regression evaluated for significance in temporal changes in DM foot burns. Results There were 116,796 adult burn encounters of which 7,963 (7%) had foot burns. Of this group, 1,308 (16%) had DM. DM foot burn encounters were older, more likely to be male, and had more comorbidities than non-DM foot burn encounters (all p< 0.001). DM foot burn encounters were more likely to sustain a scald injury (compared to flame) and had smaller %TBSA (all p< 0.001). Additionally, 5.6% of encounters with DM foot burns underwent amputation compared to 1.5% of non-DM encounters (p< 0.001). Independent predictors of lower extremity amputation included DM (OR 3.70, 95% CI 2.98 – 4.59), alcohol use, smoking, chronic kidney disease, burn size >20%, African American/Black race, male sex, and age >40 years (all p< 0.01). The incidence of DM foot burns increased over the study period with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.09 (95% CI 1.07 – 1.12, p< 0.001). Conclusions In the largest cohort study to date, DM was associated with nearly a 4-fold increase in amputation after adjusting for available confounders. Furthermore, the incidence of DM foot burns is increasing. Strategies for optimizing care in persons with DM foot burns are need to improve limb salvage.


In many fields of engineering and exploration geophysics knowledge of the near surface structure is of special interest; eg . in the investigation of waste disposals, the exploration of the underground for rail road tracks, the recultivation of former industrial areas or in the search of foundations for archaeological purposes. Even if the actual target in oil and gas exploration is burried deep in the Earth, the near surface structure is needed to be known in order to apply residual static corrections to improve the signals from deep reflectors. Our scope is to show by a numerical model study that near surface inhomogeneities can be localized by group travel time tomography of Rayleigh and Love waves of different frequenties.


Background & Aim: Intrauterine device and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate are among the most effective reversible contraception in the world, still few consensuses exist about sexual and mood changes of these two conventional methods. The present study has compared the sexual satisfaction and depression level in these two methods.
Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2017 and January 2018, in 300 married women aged 19-50 year, in Tehran, Iran. One hundred and fifty IUD users and 150 DMPA consumers, 12-18 months after starting the current method, recruited to the study from 34 health centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences by convenience sampling. Two standard questionnaires of Index of sexual satisfaction (ISS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) were used for assessing sexual satisfaction and depression, respectively. Chi-square and independent t-test were used for the homogeneity of the two groups. The linear logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the strength of associations.
Results: There was not any significant difference between two groups in demographic characteristics such as age, marriage duration, education level, number of children and breastfeeding condition (P>0.05). Significantly higher sexual satisfaction (P<0.001) and lower depression level (P<0.001) reported in IUD users than DMPA consumers in the t-test. A multivariate regression confirmed that sexual satisfaction increased 6.4 scores in the IUD group in comparison to DMPA users (P= 0.003, B= -6.4), and with increase 1 year to duration of the marriage, sexual satisfaction increase 0.33 score. For depression, the only significant variable was the contraceptive methods, and depression level increase 1.24 scores in DMPA users than IUD consumers. (P=0.006, B= - 1.24). Although in univariate analysis, some variables showed effects on sexual satisfaction and depression, multivariate regression results did not confirm any significant relationships.
Conclusion: Both sexual satisfaction and mood level was higher among IUD users. This paper reconfirmed that IUD is a preferable method in women who are eligible to use both methods.


Purpose

– The author has traveled to leading organizations that have developed and implemented a set of goals, practices and values that were better suited to the emerging marketplace of the 21st Century.

Design/methodology/approach

– He observed that the workplaces they create are different. They are highly interactive and can mobilize vast ecosystems of partners and customers, enabling them to achieve massive scale without sclerosis.

Findings

– His conclusion: The managers are not just tinkering with obsolete practices that are increasingly irrelevant and ineffective. These organizations have been creating something fundamentally different: a culture of agility.

Research limitations/implications

– Research involves preliminary field observations.

Practical implications

– He describes in detail how established organizations can make the transition to an Agile process and culture.

Originality/value

– This article offers step-by-step advice and a case study on how to become a truly Agile company.


Nowadays, when project are so extensive, the one sure thing that will happen is bag. Because of that, it becomes very important to have appropriate bug tracking system. Poorly designed bug tracking systems can are sometimes blamed for bad information exchanging between developers. The purpose of this paper is to present some most common used such systems, to address his problems and give some direction for enhancement.


Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology to reduce size as well as power consumption of switching devices for Very Large Integrated Circuits (VLSI). Moreover QCA circuits offer an advantage of very high device density, high speed, high fan out, and lower circuit complexity. The QCA based circuits have been used for implementations of basic logic gates like AND, OR, NOT as well as XOR/XNOR gates. This paper aims at the design of a programmable inverter/buffer using proposed XOR gate. The proposed circuit can be used as an inverter (NOT gate) or a buffer (pass gate). The programmable inverter/buffer has been designed and simulated based on intensive discrete arithmetic analysis. In addition, 2-bit and 3-bit programmable inverter/buffer has also been designed and implemented in this paper. The proposed design enjoys the features of small area, superior performance factors in respect of speed and circuit stability. The simulation results have been verified using QCADesigner tool version 2.0.3.


Three free radicals have been detected in single crystals of a molecular complex between 1-methylcytosine (1 MeC) and 5-fluorouracil (5 FU) x-irradiated and observed by ESR at 77 K. One of these (Radical I), formed by H abstraction from N(1) of 5 FU, disappears when the crystal is warmed to 220 K. The other two radicals are stable at room temperature. Radical II is formed by H addition to C(6) of 5 FU. Radical III has been tentatively assigned to a radical formed by H addition to the oxygen on C(4) of 5 FU. The structural analysis of these two stable room-temperature radicals and the resulting implication that free radical damage may be transferred from 1 MeC to 5 FU are discussed.


This paper details through the experience of a deprived woman hailing from the tribal dominated Bastar region of Chhattisgarh the immense difficulties that confront a majority of such students in their quest for attaining higher education and analyses the historical roots of the still prevailing politico-economic context that continues to give rise to such educational deprivation among the tribals, adivasis, indigenous peoples and Dalits in India.


The Political Consequences of the Amendments to the Media Laws in Poland in 2015-2016Public media in Poland have become the subject of strong political pressure from the current government. This is demonstrated by the legislative initiatives undertaken to take full control of the circulation of information by the executive. According to the opposition, as well as the European institutions (the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights, Council of Europe) the implemented legislative solutions posed a threat to media pluralism, constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression, and their task is only to consolidate power. Depriving the public media of the function of the public debate forum makes them an instrument in the hands of government administration.


The overview of principles of network load balancing between server platforms in a data center network is given in the work. The data center model in term of Infrastructure-asa-Service is proposed in the work. The CPU utilization of server platforms and throughput capability which depended from the amount of servers is suggested to use as a main performance characteristics. The evaluation model of data center network and the formulas for CPU and throughput evaluation are also suggested in the work. The analysis of load balancing between server platforms was performed according to the proposed formulas in case of use a clustering.


This chapter is included in the collective volume titled "Specialised Curricula for students with autism" and is a newly developed curriculum for the education of students with autism in Greece. This chapter presents in extensive detail the learning aims and educational activities for the teaching of play skills to students with autism. In specific, the chapter is organised around four forms of play: functional play, constructive play, symbolic play and games. The presentation of each type of play skills follows the developmental approach, in which play development is related with cognitive and social readiness as outlined through four developmental stages: a) solitary play, b) parallel play, c) social play in the form of turn taking, and d) collaborative play. The achievement of learning outcomes for each type of play is associated with educational activities which are based on evidence-based methods, such as structured teaching (structuring, visual supports) and cognitive approaches. This chapter is the first step for the provision of a curriculum aimed at the development and teaching of play skills to students with autism in the public educational system in Greece. This chapter was prepared with funding provided by the European Union and the Greek Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs.


This study aims to determine how much influence the work discipline and work competence have on employee performance in the department development department of PT. Parkland World Indonesia Serang. This study uses a quantitative approach using a survey method with a saturated sample whose population is sampled as all 40 respondents. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, correlations, T-test, F test, and coefficient of determination. The study work discipline variables and work competence have a significant partial effect on employee performance. Evidenced by the magnitude of the work discipline regression coefficient of 0.546 and work competence of 0.518 with a significant value of 0,000 (0,000 Ttable or 35,071> 3,250. Partially the comparison of t-count and t-table shows the work discipline variable Tcount>Ttable or 4,478> 2,026 and the work competency variable Tcount>Ttable or 4,848> 2,026. The coefficient of determination obtained by 65.5% of employee performance, the remaining 34.5% is influenced by other variables that are not meticulous such as motivation, leadership style, and others


Several models of collaboration have been brought forward to improve the performance by team teachers (e.g., Maroney, 1995; Robinson & Schaible, 1995). Yet, very few studies have addressed collaborative models for teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) by native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs). This study, instead of providing a prescriptive model, aims to illustrate the element s that need to be taken into account when a plausible model of collaborative teaching of EFL by NESTs and NNESTs is developed. Based on literature review and empirical data gathered through interviews with six teachers (i.e., two NESTs. two Taiwanese teachers of English and two Taiwanese homeroom teachers) and extensive classroom observations (which covered sixty classes in total), this study proposes a collaborative model consisting of four element s: lesson planning, collaborative teaching, monitoring and collaborative reflection. The study also shows that components integral to optimal collaborative teaching by NESTs and NNESTs include Respect, Equality, Flexibility, Language (for communication and discussion), Empathy, Collaborative Culture, Time and Knowledge (i.e., R.E.F.L.E.C.T. Knowledge). The component of Knowledge (i.e., teacher knowledge) refers to language proficiency, collaborative teaching methods and skills, knowledge about teaching materials and understanding of students' learning. These constituents collectively improve the delivery and quality of collaborative teaching in EFL classrooms. Moreover, the researcher provides suggestions on training of collaborative teaching by NESTs and NNESTs in EFL settings.


Disclosed is a novel centrifugal blower applicable to delivering special gases. The novel centrifugal blower comprises a stator portion and a rotor portion, internal impellers are sealed in an interstage seal manner, and shaft ends are sealed in a shaft end seal manner. The novel centrifugal blower is characterized in that the shaft end seal comprises an inner maze seal component and an outer carbon ring seal component. The carbon ring seal component is simple in structure and reliable in sealing, and is applied on the centrifugal blower, so that delivery of special gases such as coal gas, chemical and industrial tail gas and technical gases thereof is realized, and protection is realized by introducing high-pressure inert gas, requirement for continually increasing functions of the blower is met, and application field of the centrifugal blower is widened.


ABSTRACT This study sought to provide an overview of current cariology education for undergraduate Brazilian dental students. Data collection was via a Portuguese version of a 12-item questionnaire (Schulte et al., 2011) that was sent to all Brazilian dental schools (n = 219). The response rate was 57.0% (n = 125). Of the schools that returned the questionnaire, 84.8% supported the development of a Brazilian cariology curriculum. The units responsible for teaching cariology were predominantly operative dentistry (49.6%), pediatric dentistry (49.6%), dental public health (44.8%), and cariology (32%). Theoretical teaching of cariology (74.4%) and pre-clinical exercises (63.2%) were cited to occur mainly during the second year of the course, while clinical activities were placed in the third (71.2%) and fourth (64.8%) years. Among respondents, 76.8% of the schools included dental erosion and 86.4% included defects of dental hard tissues, such as abrasion, in teaching cariology. This survey was able to determine the panorama of cariology education in Brazil and to detect some differences among Brazilian geographic areas. The promotion of a workshop to discuss the topics that should be taught to undergraduate dental students and the development of a Brazilian core curriculum in cariology would be likely to reduce the differences in teaching cariology in Brazil.


The spread spectrum clocking (SSC) is an established, effective and efficient technique to reduce the electromagnetic interference (EMI) produced by digital chips. This method allows to reduce the level of EMI of digital circuit by intentionally sweeping the frequency of the clock signal (frequency modulated) within a certain frequency range in order to evenly spread the energy of each clock harmonic over a given bandwidth, reducing in this way the peak power level of radiated EMI.

In this thesis, a novel All-digital Spread Spectrum Clock Generator (SSCG) prototype is presented in all its aspects: design, simulation and post-fabrication measurements. The circuit is realized by using a design flow completely based on standard cells simplifying design and porting in new technologies, and is able to perform both discontinuous frequency modulation or complex modulation profiles. The circuit uses four digitally controlled delay lines and two digital delay interpolator driven by a digital modulator to synthesize the output waveform

A chip has been implemented in a 28nm CMOS technology. The chip is able to generate signals up to 3.3GHz. The measured peak level reduction of the clock spectrum, at 1GHz output frequency, is 27dB with a 10% modulation depth. The power dissipation is 24mW.
In the second part of this thesis the first developed SSCG has been redesigned in order to allow the generation of an output clock signal with a frequency higher than the frequency of the input clock signal. To this purpose a new delay line block has been designed in order to implement the clock frequency multiplication. Furthermore, the injection locking technique is implemented by using a novel DCO-based architecture in order to improve the jitter performance of the circuit. The circuit is designed by using only standard cells and is able to generate an output clock frequency larger of 2GHz.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and adverse-events of Yangxueqingnaokel i (main composition includes Chinese angelica, ligusticum wallichii, Paconia lac tiflora, Asarum sieboldii, etc) in patients with migraine. Methods One hundred and twelve patients with migraine with an average age of 38.1±9.8 years( ranging from 19~75) were investigated in a multicenter, doub le-blind, randomized, controlled and perspective study. Results (1) The total number an d total duration of migraine attacks were markedly decreased in therapeutic group of Yangxueqingnaokeli than those in placebo group, 3.1±2.5 and 4.2±2.7 ( Z=2.1 6, P=0.03); 31.0±48.0 and 51.2±73.8(Z=2.86, P=0.004), respe ctively. (2) The to tal decrease rate of migraine attacks (%) of therapeutic group and placebo group were 4.9±0.3 and 3.0±0.5(Z=5.76,P0.001), respectively. It has marked statist ical difference (P0.001). (3) There were no significant difference of th erapeu tic effect on associated symptoms of migraine such as nausea, vomiting, photopho bia and phonophobia between the therapeutic group and placebo group. (4) The ad v erse-events occurred in 3 patients of therapeutic group(5.4%) and in one patie nt of placebo group(1.8%). (5) There were no noticeable changes in blood and ur in e routine examination and blood chemistry. Conclusions Yangxueqingnaokeli is an effective drug for therapy of patients with migaine. It can decrease the number of attacks of migraine and also shorten the duration of migraine attacks, but it has no therapeutic effect on the associated symptoms of migraine.


Macrophages play a significant role in preventing infection through antimicrobial activities, particularly acidification and proteolysis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can lead to diverse outcomes, from latent asymptomatic infection to active disease involving multiple organs. Monocyte-derived macrophage is one of the main cell types accumulating in lungs following Mtb infection. The variation of intracellular activities of monocyte-derived macrophages in humans and the influence of these activities on the tuberculosis (TB) spectrum are not well understood. By exploiting ligand-specific bead-based assays, we investigated macrophage antimicrobial activities real-time in healthy volunteers (n=53) with 35 cases of latent TB (LTB), and those with active TB (ATB) and either pulmonary TB (PTB, n=70) or TB meningitis (TBM, n=77). We found wide person-to-person variations in acidification and proteolytic activities in response to both non-immunogenic IgG and pathogenic ligands comprising trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or beta-glucan from Saccharamyces cerevisiase. The variation in the macrophage activities remained similar regardless of stimuli; however, IgG induced stronger acidification activity than immunogenic ligands TDM (P=10e-5, 3x10e-5 and 0.01 at 30, 60 and 90 min) and beta-glucan (P=10e-4, 3x10e-4 and 0.04 at 30, 60 and 90 min). Variation in proteolysis activity was slightly higher in LTB than in ATB (CV=40% in LTB vs. 29% in ATB, P= 0.03). There was no difference in measured antimicrobial activities in response to TDM and bacterial killing in macrophages from LTB and ATB, or from PTB and TBM. Our results indicate that antimicrobial activities of monocyte-derived macrophages vary among individuals and show immunological dependence, but suggest these activities cannot be solely responsible for the control of bacterial replication or dissemination in TB.


Composite materials are ideal for structural applications where high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required. Currently, linear cutting of composite materials has been increasingly used in industry and milling will be an important technology for wider applications of the materials. Abrasive waterjet is adequate for machining of composite materials thanks to minimum thermal or mechanical stresses induced. The present paper discusses the mining of composite materials by abrasive waterjet. The mechanisms of material removal--deformation wear and cutting wear--are studied first. High volume removal rate as well as tight surface quality tolerance is desired. The major parameters affecting material removal rate are hydraulic pressure, standoff distance, traverse rate and abrasive flow rate. Dimensional analysis synthesizes the significant parameters in machining and is compared with the theory of material erosion. The single-pass milling tests of Carbon/Epoxy are then conducted. The mining characteristics determining the generation of an extended surface are depth, width and width-to- depth ratio. The following dimensional analysis synthesizes the correlation between parameters and the characteristics. Based on the results of single-pass mining tests, the double-pass mining specifically considering the effect of lateral feed increments are discussed. The study then extends to six-pass milling. The surface roughness obtained from themore » six-pass mining is expressed as a function of the width-depth ratio and the lateral increment. With the knowledge of the volume removal rate and the surface roughness as well as the effects of the major process parameters, one can design a mining operation by abrasive waterjet.« less


Visual feedback regulation during movement is not fully captured in Plamondon's kinematic theory. However, numerous studies indicate that visual response-produced feedback is a powerful determinant of performance and kinematic characteristics of target-directed movement.


Cells of the immune system have been shown to produce a variety of neuroendocrine peptide hormones.' The best-documented example of lymphocyte synthesis and secretion of a neuroendocrine hormone is the corticotropin (ACTH) and endorphin precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC). To determine the degree of similarity between pituitary and lymphocyte POMC, the lymphocyte mRNA was reversetranscribed, cloned, and sequenced. The mRNA was first purified using oligo-dT cellulose affinity chromatography and was reverse-transcribed using a selective 3' antisense oligonucleotide primer directed at the boundary between the translated/ nontranslated region on the 3' end of exon 3. Agarose and polyacrylamide gel analysis of first strand cDNA synthesis showed an upregulation of POMC transcription as well as the possibility of different size transcripts in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-treated cells. The resulting cDNA was then characterized in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the original 3' primer and primers corresponding to the 5' ends of exons 1,2, and 3 (FIG. 1). This procedure, which essentially allowed for exon-mapping of the lymphocyte transcript, was first authenticated with pituitary POMC cDNA (TABLE 1). With lymphocyte cDNA, primers directed at exons 1,2 and the 5' end of exon 3 did not amplify a POMC product while a more internal exon 3 primer amplified a DNA segment corresponding to the appropriate size of a fragment of pituitary POMC exon 3 (-537 bp) (TABLE 1). Southern gel analysis using apituitary POMCcDNAprobe showed that these PCRproducts were POMC related. The putative exon 3 fragment was directionally cloned into the bacteriophage M,,mpl8 and mp19, and was sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy method. The results showed that the sequence encoding lymphocyte ACTH is identical to that of the pituitary gland. Collectively, we have shown that cells of the immune system basally transcribe a truncated ACTH-containing POMC-related transcript. Upon treatment with CRF, immunocytes upregulate the ACTH-containing POMC-related mRNA. These results suggest that lymphocytes possibly alternately splice POMC mRNA and/or use a different initiation site in the POMC gene. Perhaps most importantly, these findings clearly show that lymphocytes harbor mRNA that can encode ACTH. Production of ACTH by the immune system


Polyvinyl chloride compositions are very popular in the cable industry. The range of domestic fireproof cable PVC plastics is limited to several manufactured brands that were developed more than 30 years ago and do not meet modern international standards. The creation of new environmentally friendly formulations of fireproof cable plastics with improved operational properties is an urgent task. This paper describes a method of synthesizing a novel ester compound of phenyl dixylenyl phosphate. The conditions for its production with maximum yield are selected. Physicochemical properties of the new flame retardant are studied. A non-toxic biodegradable PVC composition based on a plasticizer of dibutoxyethyl adipate and a novel flame retardant is formulated. The results of tests of the developed PVC-composite on the main indicators for cable products of the I40-13 brand are presented.


In this paper we prove two results concerning Vinogradov's three primes theorem with primes that can be called almost twin primes. First, for any $m$ , every sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$ , the interval $[p_{i},p_{i}+H]$ contains at least $m$ primes, for some $H=H(m)$ . Second, every sufficiently large integer $N\equiv 3~(\text{mod}~6)$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$ , $p_{i}+2$ has at most two prime factors.


Protecting information from a wide variety of security threats is an important and sometimes daunting organizational activity. Instead of solely relying on technological advancements to help solve human problems, managers within firms must recognize and understand the roles that organizational insiders have in the protection of information. The systematic study of human influences on organizational information security is termed behavioral information security (Fagnot 2008; Stanton, Stam, Mastrangelo, and Jolton 2006), and it affirms that the protection of organizational information assets is best achieved when the detrimental behaviors of organizational insiders are effectively deterred and the beneficial activities of these individuals are appropriately encouraged. Relative to the former, the latter facet has received little attention in the academic literature. Given this opportunity, this dissertation explicitly focuses upon protective behaviors that help promote the protection of organizational information resources. These behaviors are termed protection-motivated behaviors (PMBs) and are defined as the volitional behaviors organizational insiders can enact that protect (1) organizationallyrelevant information within their firms and (2) the computer-based information systems in which that information is stored, collected, disseminated, and/or manipulated from information-security threats. Each of the chapters herein is dedicated to fostering


In this letter, we point out the inaccurate figures in a letter by Peyrard and Bishop, who investigated the statistical mechanics of a nonlinear model for DNA denaturation. We give the correct figures.


The formulations for nitrile rubber sealing material modified with pasted poly vinyl chloride resin by grafting process at high temperature were designed.The effect of the content of poly vinyl chloride on material properties was investigated.The results showed that the weather resistance,oil resistance and heat resistance of the sealing material were improved by poly vinyl chloride,while the ratio of nitrile rubber to poly vinyl chloride at 100∶20,the compressed permanent deformation was the least,mechanical properties and out-door weather resistance comprehensive properties were better.


The increase rations of body-length and weight of the Japanese spiny lobster undergo considerable fluctuations ranging -8.3-29.4%, mostly 5-10% in the former, and -35.5-110.5%, mostly 0-30% in the latter during the period from May to March of the next year. The phenomenon that the ratios take negative value, has been known by many authors (2, 8, 14) but the cause still remains open to question. Correlation coeficients between these ratios and two items, body-length and weight, are -0.257±0.074 and -0.532±0.048 respectively. But. there is no relation between each of the ratio and number of days from liberation to recapture: r=0.151±0.078 in the increase ratio of length, and r=0.1844±0.065 in the other. It seems that ecdysis mostly takes place once (ca. 60%) or twice (ca. 25%) within ?? year as is the case with the south African lobster, Jasus lalandii (M.-EDWARDS). Thrice or more ones, however, may occur in about 15% of the Japanese one.


R.M. of Swan River, Municipal Road (vicinity of Benito) 775.1 That portion of Municipal Road situated in the R.M. of Swan River in the vicinity of the Village of Benito lying between the point where the western boundary of P.T.H. No. 83 crosses the highway and the point where the eastern boundary of the C.N.R. right-of-way crosses the highway is designated as a modified speed zone and the maximum speed for vehicles being driven in that zone is fixed at 70 km/h.


Molecular dynamics studies on hard sphere systems have shown that the long positive tail found for the velocity autocorrelation function arises from vortex motion on a microscopic scale. Quantitative evidence for this correlated motion in real fluids at super‐critical densities is provided by an analysis of diffusion coefficient data.


The effect of industrial waste fly ash was studied on daily growth rate (DGR), chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, carbohydrate, lipid and phycocolloids (agar and algin) content of four economically important seaweeds, Ulva lactuca, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, Padina tetrastromatica and Gracilaria corticata. The seaweeds were cultured in different concentration of fly ash mixed sterilized seawater. In Ulva lactuca, at lower concentrations of fly ash, the carbohydrate content was found to be more than the control. Protein content was slightly more than the control at 0.25% fly ash while that of lipid at 0.5 and 2.5% concentrations. In Caulerpa scalpelliformis, fly ash at all the concentrations induced reduced DGR and lipid content but increased chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b amount. The amount of protein was more than the control at 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0% fly ash. In Padina tetrastomatica, at almost all the concentrations of fly ash, the amount of Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and protein exceeded over the control. In the present study, of the four experimental seaweeds, the red seaweed Gracilaria corticata was found to be most tolerant as this exhibited enhanced growth and biochemical content at most of the concentrations of fly ash.


In the use of satellite images, clouds can be an obstacle due to their opacity property that can block the visibility of ground objects in case of thick clouds and can also be blended with the underlying details in case of thin clouds. In this research, we propose a novel method to remove thin clouds and retrieve the actual information by taking the advantage of HSI color space instead of RGB color space. The proposed method aims to estimate the cloud appearance called the scattering light, remove thin clouds from intensity channel to avoid an effect to the original color, adjust the intensity with gamma correction to recover some information accidentally removed from the previous step, and restore obscure details by using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization to enhance the intensity result. Furthermore, since thin clouds also affect saturation channel, we propose to increase saturation reduced as the result from thin clouds by using logarithm image transformation as well. From the results, the proposed method can remove clouds that are not extremely opaque and preserve the actual information such as color and texture according to the lowest mean squared error values between the outputs and their cloud-free images in the same position taken at the closest time, and the output images and their contrast gained values when compared to those obtained from other single-image methods.


In the power supply and distribution system ,the electricity reliability is the key concern in the system ,and reasonable earthing and grounding will play an irreplaceable role in the safe and reliable power supply system.It will be even more important in the designing of the intelligent buildings,owing to the fact that there are so many power driven facilities in an intelligent building.To ensure successful and effective operations of all these different types of equipment,a suitable type of earthing system shall be the first concern in the designing of intelligent buildings.


We have found through numerical simulations of interacting self-propelled deformable particles in two dimensions that traveling bands of ordered state are not destroyed upon a head-on collision just like solitons in integrable systems. Quite recently, Kuwayama and Ishida have reported experiments of non-chemotactic Dictyostelium discoideum mutants in which density waves of migrating cells exhibit a soliton-like behavior upon collision. We investigate properties of the traveling bands to clarify the similarities and differences between the theoretical and experimental results.


The operation safety problems in process industry are becoming more and more important. Based on Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) model, operation safety problems are converted into hybrid formal verification problems in this paper. The hybrid formal verification algorithm is applied to a CSTR process with serious nonlinearity. By defining safety states as reach set, the CSTR process is modeled in the MLD form. Then operation safety problems of CSTR can be transformed into hybrid formal verification problems. The safety reach sets are computed by MPT software. Simulation results show that CSTR process can be driven to safety reach sets with proper control action calculated using hybrid formal verification algorithm. This paper illustrates the effectiveness of this hybrid formal verification method and provides a novel approach to handle operation safety problems in process industry.


Amorphization of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Y3Fe5O12 induced by 960 MeV Ar ions irradiation at the temperature 195 K has been investigated by means of the sample-tilting X-ray diffraction (STD) and saturation magnetization measurement. The analysis results indicate that the transformation of crystalline to amorphous state is a gradual process in which the electronic energy loss ( Se ) plays a dominant role, but certain dose is needed. And nearly complete amorphous state was first observed at Se=8.3MeV/m with irradiation doses more than or equal 1x1014 Ar/cm2.


Injection of waste liquids into Florida's subsurface is physically feasible in many places but should be accompanied by monitoring of the waste-receiving aquifer system in addition to the injection facility. Monitoring of the interaction of factors including hydrogeologic conditions, well construction, waste volumes and characteristics, and potable-water sources is desirable to assure that fresh-water resources are not being adversely affected. An effective aquifer-system monitoring program includes on-site wells located close to an injection well and open to the next-higher permeable stratum, satellite wells located hundreds to several thousands of feet from an injection well and open to the receiving aquifer, and regional wells located miles from individual injection wells and open to the receiving aquifer. An extensive aquifer-system monitoring program associated with two waste-injection facilities near Pensacola, Florida, has provided data which have aided hydrologists to understand the aquifer system's response to the injection and, accordingly, to evaluate the potential for affecting the area's fresh-water resources.


The paper describes various initial modeling steps for radiological departments, which take the data-flow, function-flow, and work-flow into consideration in different ways. Important contents of DICOM and HL7 are described and their possibilities and limitations to support overall managed workflow are analyzed. The architecture of SIENET, the Siemens PACS, its openness and integration capabilities are presented and illustrated in practical examples of typical data and workflow scenarios. In conclusion, managed workflow is possible today and specific parts are already successfully in operation. Here DICOM is the basis for far-reaching standardized communication in a heterogeneous landscape. For overall managed workflow, however, further efforts must be undertaken in modeling radiological activities as well as in the integration capabilities of various software applications and functions.


ABSTRACT Citizen science can be a viable mechanism to foster productive linkages between community and government for sustainable water resource management. In Australia, this potential has longstanding policy support but research into program extent, characteristics or impact on decision-making processes has been lacking. This article draws on a temporal analysis of data records from two citizen science programs and a nationwide survey of 47 program coordinators representing 43 freshwater and estuarine citizen science programs to examine these knowledge shortfalls. Results indicate that program activity has contracted in Victoria but increased in the ACT, with additional evidence indicating a nationwide contraction. Survey results revealed programs operating nationwide and largely implemented as a community-government partnership, combining data and educative priorities. Despite 70 per cent of programs having goals to inform catchment decision-making, data use was verified for less than half of programs. Program coordinators reported several social, organisational and technical barriers that limit this uptake. In highlighting these issues, we make three recommendations for enhancing linkages between citizen science and catchment decision-making: (1) increasing institutional support; (2) improving coordination and embracing new possibilities for collaboration; and (3) demonstrating and communicating program achievements.


Restricted production has limited drilling in Amos Draw Field but activity continues on the fringes of this large producing field in the Powder River Basin. Drilling and exploration activity in the field are discussed.


In order to further perfect China's railway logistics infrastructure and promote the railway transportation to better integrate into the logistics system, it is necessary to build a railway logistics center to provide integrated logistics service. This paper mainly studies the problem of location of railway logistics center based on existing railway freight station. Firstly, the location assessment index system is established according to the factors of the location of railway logistics center, and then selects the appropriate comprehensive evaluation model, finally the improved DEA model is used to analyze the location problem of the railway logistics center in a certain railway area, and verify the operability of the model.


As a rule, during the choice of the most viable organizational structure of a cluster, traditional methods of the assessment of economic efficiency are used, taking into account the influence of financial, production and technological risks. The high level of the fluctuations of social, political, economic and technological impacts of the intercountry level has a strong impact on the result of their production activities. The peculiarities of this influence include the emergence of new institutions of interaction between the subjects of a cluster, the growth of uncertainty within the system and a change in the level of specificity of the assets of its participants. The task to find new tools for the assessment of the potential of economic security of a cluster is becoming urgent. It is necessary to find such tools which would take into account the ability to adapt to technological and geopolitical challenges in the future. Within the framework of this study, the authors developed an algorithm for the assessment of the potential of alternative models of the organizational structure of a high-tech cluster. The important methodological aspect of the process of forecasting the level of adaptability of alternative cluster structures to external changes is the condition for the availability of institutional support to promising areas of technical development. The developed algorithm presupposes the further development of the methods of system analysis and the formation of Institutional Atlases for the parameters of the assessment of the opportunistic behavior risks of subjects or synergistic effects. The use of this algorithm allowed drawing some important intermediate conclusions about the unequal composition and the influence of dominant institutional factors in modeling different organizational structures of a high-tech cluster.


A pipe cutting machine relates to a pipe intersecting line cutting machine, which provides a cutting machine for processing bend pipe and semi-manufactured pipe without digital control programming. The technical proposal of the utility model is that a guiding bed with spur racks, a main shaft box, a cutting nozzle and a rotary bench clamp, which can be lifted, are adopted. The utility model is characterized in that the left and right sides of the guiding bed are provided with straight guide rails, and a slider, which is matched with the straight guide rails, is positioned at the inferior part of the main shaft box. A rolling spline main shaft, of which the front end is provided with a small screw rod, is driven by a driving motor of the main shaft box, through a synchronous belt. The other end of the small screw rod is provided with a cutting nozzle bracket, by which the cutting nozzle is provided. The rear end of the rolling spline main shaft is connected with an adjustable eccentric plate, which is provided with scale marks and is connected with a cross joint. The tail of the guiding bed is provided with a shape cutting regulating mechanism, which is connected with the cross joint by a guide rail sliding sleeve. The utility model is used in pipe type frame structure and the other pipe structural member cutting machines.


This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Workshop on E-Business (WeB 2015), held in Fort Worth, Texas, USA, on December 12, 2015. The theme of WeB 2015 was Leveraging Service Computing and Big Data Analytics for E-Commerce, and thus the workshop provided an interactive forum by bringing together researchers and practitioners from all over the world to explore the latest challenges of next-generation e-Business systems and the potential of service computing and big data analytics. The 11 full and 17 short papers, which were selected from 45 submissions to the workshop, addressed a broad coverage of technical, managerial, economic, and strategic issues related to e-business, with emphasis on service computing and big data analytics. They employed various IS research methods such as case study, survey, analytical modeling, experiments, computational models, and design science.


We present the initial results of multiepoch VLBI observations of 22 GHz H2O masers in the Orion KL region with VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). With the VERA dual-beam receiving system, we carried out phase-referencing VLBI astrometry, and successfully detected the annual parallax of Orion KL to be 2.29 ˙ 0.10 mas, corresponding to a distance of 437 ˙ 19 pc from the Sun. The distance to Orion KL was determined for the first time with the trigonometric parallax method in these observations. Although this value is consistent with that previously reported, 480 ˙ 80 pc, which was estimated from a statistical parallax method using the proper motions and radial velocities of the H2O maser features, our new results provide a much more accurate value with an uncertainty of only 4%. In addition to the annual parallax, we detected an absolute proper motion of the maser feature, suggesting an outflow motion powered by the radio source I along with the systematic motion of source I itself.


One of the fundamental issues of human and computational cognitive psychology is pattern or shape recognition. Various applications in image processing and computer vision rely on skeleton-like shape features A possible technique for extracting these feautures is thinning. Although the majority of 2D thinning algorithms work on digital pictures sampled on the conventional square grid, the role of some non-conventional grids, like the hexagonal and triangular grid, are of increasing importance as well. In this paper we propose numerous topology preserving parallel thinning algorithms that work on the triangular grid.


The article describes characteristics of several relief indicators (surface height, surface slope, surface aspect, height coefficient of surface roughness, slope coefficient of surface roughness, and aspect coefficient of surface roughness) relative to various types of land use in Slovenia and establishes the con-nection between surface roughness and land use and between relief indicators and individual types of land use.


The value of plasma fibrinogen and antithrombin as predictors of severe sepsis was investigated in 69 adult hematological patients, who had altogether 93 periods of neutropenic fever. Patients had either acute myeloid leukemia or had received a high dose of chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantation. In febrile periods with severe sepsis, the median fibrinogen concentration at the start of the fever was significantly higher (5.0 g/L) than that without severe sepsis (4.5 g/L) (p=0.009). Normal plasma fibrinogen could rule out a group of patients with severe sepsis at the beginning of the fever. The antithrombin activity decreased, both in fever periods with severe sepsis and in those without. The decrease in antithrombin activity was found to be greater in fever periods characterized by severe sepsis. In conclusion, elevated plasma fibrinogen and constantly decreasing antithrombin were shown to be linked to the development of severe sepsis.


Selecting a wild-type bioprotein; evolving DNA encoding the wild-type bioprotein using one or more evolutionary techniques to produce a mutant DNA; expressing the mutant DNA in a eukaryotic cell production host to obtain a mutant protein; Assaying mutant proteins and wild type proteins under normal physiological conditions and testing under abnormal conditions; selecting a conditionally active mutant protein that exhibits at least one of (a) a decrease in activity in assays in normal physiological conditions when compared to wild type protein and (b) an increase in activity in assays under abnormal conditions when compared to wild type protein There is provided a method for producing a conditionally active bioprotein by the step of producing a conditionally active bioprotein in the same host as the eukaryotic cell production host used in the expression step.


The self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) paradigm offers a potential solution to small-scale structure problems faced by the collision-less cold dark matter. This framework incorporates self-interactions among dark matter particles, typically mediated by a particle with a MeV-scale mass. Recent evidences of nano-Hertz gravitational waves from pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) such as NANOGrav, CPTA, EPTA, and PPTA suggest the occurrence of a first-order phase transition (FOPT) at a MeV-scale temperature. Considering the close proximity between these two scales, we propose that the mediator mass in the SIDM model originates from the spontaneous breaking of a $U(1)'$ symmetry, which is driven by the FOPT indicated by PTA data. Consequently, the alignment of these two scales is believed to be deeply connected by the same underlying physics. By extensively exploring the parameter space, remarkably, we find that the parameter space favored by SIDM just provides an explanation for the PTA data.


This is a public health report which analyses the district Kangra, right from the difficult geography and topography of the district to stabilizing population profile with increasing geriatric population to expanding laboratory linkages to NICD and PGIMER, Chandigarh to existing insufficient human resources and key public health problems and t o compare the present health status indicators with the millennium development goals.


The paper aims to contribute to integrated discussion of ethics in holistic healthcare. Methods: Noting key aspects of the literature on ethics in holistic healthcare, the authors then focus on describing the working ethical statement for holistic healthcare practitioners produced for the International Society of Holistic Health (ISHH). Ethical principles, aims of holistic practice, and ethical guidelines are presented. The relationship of ethics to quality of care is outlined. Conclusions: The authors conclude that many of the ethical principles and guidelines, as well as expectations of quality and safety, that apply to mainstream healthcare, also apply to holistic practitioners. However, the multidisciplinary contexts of whole-of-patient healthcare present new challenges of application of these familiar ethical understandings. • Correspondence: Michael de Vibe, MbBCh, Specialist in family medicine and systemic family therapy, Senior advisor, Norwegian ~nowledge Centre for the Health Services, Postbox 7004, St.Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 26 Michael de Vibe, Erica Bell, Joav Merrick et al.


. The paper presents the results of designing a compressor blade profile of type C4 using CAD, which implements the method of nonlinear transformation. Girst transformation was used by the authors. All calculations and graphical representations were made in the computer algebra system Mathcad. For the calculation and graphical representation the centreline is approximated with three nonlinear segments in the form of second order Bezier curve. After determining the first and last point of the second order Bezier curve, the coordinates of the middle point on the intersection of tangential lines that start at the first and last point of the curve are determined. After the approximation of three sections with second order Bezier curves the integral function of the blade back (convex side of the contour) of the profile C4 considering the leading and trailing edges are made as arcs. According to the analytical formulas, the geometric parameters of the curved profile were calculated, which are necessary for calculating the strength of the compressor blade.


An n-InN nanodots/p-Si(1 1 1) heterojunction diode was fabricated by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The device shows clear rectifying behaviour with a turn-on voltage of approximately 1.2 V at room temperature. The near-infrared electroluminescence (EL) can be observed under forward bias, which covers a wide wavelength range. In comparison with the photoluminescence spectra, the maximum of the EL spectra has a blueshift which is probably due to the size quantization effect of small-sized InN nanodots and their stronger contribution to the EL intensity. On the other hand, there is an obvious enhancement of the less dominant transitions on the short wavelength side of the EL spectra, which may arise from the recombination of the injected holes with the extremely high-density surface electrons of InN nanodots.


Packet switch for a network with asynchronous transfer mode. The packet switch network for asynchronous transfer mode is the basic element of an array ATM switching, whose mission is to switch packets of 8, 12 or 20 4-bit words, called microcells, organized in frames. It has eight inputs and four outputs, so for building a basic switching element eight inputs and eight outputs the inputs of two switching circuits are bridged packets. For switching, depending on the microcell header entry, they are routed to a particular output. It also prevents information losses and contention problems such microcells by a selection algorithm and queues at the output of the switch circuit. also has automatic synchronization between the data clock and the system and error detection.


[1] Haavelmo, Trygve: Comment on Leontief, Wassily, "The Rates of Long-Run Economic Growth and Capital Transfer from Developed to Underdeveloped Areas," Study Week on The Econometric Approach to Development Planning (October 7-13, 1963), Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm Scripts Varia, (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1965). [2] Chenery, Hollis and Alan M. Strout, "Foreign Assistance and Economic Development," American Economic Review, 56, no. 4 (Sept. 1966), 679-733. [3] Rahman, Md. Anisur: "The Welfare Economics of Foreign Aid," Pakistan Development Review, Summer, 1967.


The Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) has the potential to significantly enhance the non-renewable energy (NRE) industry by improving safety and efficiency in operational and training processes. In order to explore applications of immersive technologies aimed at enhancing processes within the NRE energy sectors, a systematic review of the literature published in the last decade was conducted. Utilizing the PRISMA framework with snowballing, a collection of 53 articles was acquired, and subsequent examination based on indicators such as the energy industry sector, VR application use cases, and employed VR technologies (both hardware and software) revealed that only a limited number of studies (16 out of 53) met the eligibility criteria. The results revealed that in 94% of the publications, immersive VR technologies are utilized for training purposes. This research provides valuable insights and knowledge to stakeholders in the NRE industry, including companies, policymakers, and researchers, who can utilize the findings to implement immersive virtual reality technologies for complex simulations and remote operations.


Against Expression: An Anthology of Conceptual Writing. Eds. Craig Dworkin and Kenneth Goldsmith. Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 2011. 593 pp. $45Craig Dworkin and Kenneth Goldsmith's claim that conceptual writing is our contemporary instantiation of avant-garde poetry and that Against Expression is its official debut assumes that the manipulation of literary institutions from within their centers of power is a vanguardist enterprise. This anthology is therefore an experiment in the mobilization of academic institutions not as patron of innovative poetry but as manager of literary history in real time. As their respective introductions attest, Dworkin and Goldsmith are highly self-aware of the sociological function of the literary anthology. Anthologists typically determine literary value by judging what constitutes good or significant writing; Dworkin and Goldsmith leverage the power of the anthology to determine simply what counts as literature. For Dworkin, the category of the literary is a function of specific publishing histories. "Context is everything," he writes repeatedly. This means that Against Expression includes writing previously published by definitively literary presses, as well as "non-literary" writing now constituted as literary by virtue of context. "Even in the case of the few exceptions to our [literary] focus," writes Dworkin, "all of the texts included are presented here, in the new context of this anthology, as literary." One can almost hear Dworkin echoing Robert Rauschenberg's infamous telegram to Iris Clert: "THE TEXTS PRESENTED HERE ARE LITERARY IF I SAY SO."The editorial focus on the category of the literary is meant to be recuperative, to take upon itself the task of bringing literary history up to speed with art history and restaging the same interventions within institution literature that the historical avant-garde staged within institution art in the last century. In a 2010 interview, Lytle Shaw asked Goldsmith why conceptual writing had become increasingly synonymous with the technique of appropriation. In response, Goldsmith told a familiar story: in 1959, Brion Gysin claimed that writing was fifty years behind painting, and fifty years later his statement still holds true. This time Goldsmith went so far as to argue that, with the emergence of Pop Art in the 60s and Consumer Art in the 80s, "the art world went through postmodernism and poetry didn't." In the introduction to Against Expression, Goldsmith's rhetoric makes the situation seem dire: "From Napster to gaming, from karaoke to BitTorrent files, the culture appears to be embracing the digital and all the complexity it entails-with the exception of writing."The paradox of conceptual writing is that its radical break with supposedly retrograde literary institutions needs authorization-not antagonism- from those institutions before it can become visible as Uterary practice in the first place. Against Expression contains evidence everywhere of its roots in the academy. It is no secret that Marjorie Perloff and Charles Bernstein have played a significant role in nurturing the reception of conceptual writing within the academy. Even so, the size of their presence in and around Against Expression is remarkable. Perloff is one of the volume's dedicatees, and one of the general editors of the series in which the book appears, Northwestern University's Avant-Garde and Modernism CoUection. Meanwhile, Bernstein is one of only three core Language poets who appear in the anthology (Steve McCaffery and Ron SilUman are the other two); at twenty-five pages, his work ties Goldsmith's for the largest portfoUo in the volume. Bernstein's name also opens the publisher's bookjacket copy. Conceptual writing has come to name an insider's game among writers officiaUy sanctioned by-and marketed by-prominent poetry critics.A different kind of academicism characterizes Dworkin's earlier Ubu Web Anthology of Conceptual Writing (a coUection housed in Goldsmith's online avant-garde art database, Ubu Web). …


The control circuit of AC speed regulation system based on Pspice was designed. The circuits, experimental process and the simulation results were given, which were applied to the class and experimental teaching of the "electric drive automatic control system" course. And good results were obtained.


This is a collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 3rd International Conference on Process Engineering and Advanced Materials (ICPEAM2014), June 3-5, 2014, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 213 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Advanced Materials Development and Technologies, Chapter 2: Catalysts, Inhibitors and Reaction Engineering, Chapter 3: Technological Processes, Methodology and Industrial System Engineering, Chapter 4: Separation Processes and Membranes, Thermodynamics, and, Chapter 5: Biomaterials and Technologies, Environmental Engineering.


Introduction:
 Higher doses of rehabilitation therapy are associated with better outcomes after stroke. Many patients do not receive high-dose therapy, however, e.g., due to limited availability and access, especially in the COVID era. Telehealth approaches can overcome many barriers, and evidence suggests that some forms of telerehabilitation are efficacious after stroke. However, uncertainty exists as to which patients are most likely to benefit from telerehabilitation. This issue was examined in the current study.

 Methods:
 Data are from patients randomized to telerehabilitation (TR) in an 11-site, assessor-blind trial (JAMA Neurol 76:1079) that provided 6 weeks of intensive arm motor therapy to hemiparetic patients with stroke 4-36 weeks prior. The primary endpoint was change in arm motor Fugl-Meyer (FM) from pre-treatment to 1-month post-treatment. Predictors of TR-related FM gain were identified using forward stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis, advancing the most significant predictor from each of 8 categories (demographics, stroke characteristics, medical history, amount of outside therapy, motivation, sensorimotor impairment, cognitive/affective status, and functional status) if it survived bivariate screening with p<0.1.

 Results:
 In patients >90 days post-stroke onset (n=44), sex (r=.33, p=.028), # hours of outside therapy post-randomization (r=.36, p=.019), spasticity (r=-.37, p=.014), and NIHSS visual field score (r=-.28, p=.068) were bivariate predictors of TR-related FM gain. In multivariable analysis, all except therapy hours survived as significant (P<0.05) predictors: TR-related FM gains were higher in females and lower in patients with spasticity or visual field defects. When the 15 patients randomized to TR ≤90 days post-stroke were added in secondary analysis, multivariable analysis found that sex, # hours of therapy post-randomization, and NIHSS neglect score were significant predictors.

 Conclusions:
 In patients with stable motor status >90 days post-stroke, behavioral gains from home-based TR were greatest in patients who were female and who had less spasticity and visual field defects. These results might be useful for patient selection and for design of future TR-based therapeutic approaches.


In the first of a series of dermatology articles, Jean Watkins offers practical information on common parasitic skin infestations, including an overview of symptoms, complications and management.


The invention provides an eye protection system and method, and is applied to an electronic device. The system comprises a determination module which is used for determining the eyesight situation of a current user; an acquisition module which is used for acquiring the current ambient light intensity measured by a light sensor and acquiring the display brightness corresponding to the eyesight situation of the current user and the current ambient light intensity from a storage device in which multiple display brightness corresponding to multiple ambient light intensity and multiple different eyesight situations is pre-stored; and a control module which is used for adjusting the display brightness of the display screen of the electronic device to the acquired display brightness.


The Human Development Index is a statistical tool used to measure countries overall achievements in its social and economic dimensions. This paper tried to find out major factors affecting Human Development Index like health index, education index and income index. The objective of this study is found out the empirical findings and trend of human development across countries, regression analysis of determinants factors and region wise analysis of human development index.


In the mid-1950s, when the first medical tests of the pill started in the West, abortion was re-legalised in the Soviet Union. Although at first glance these seem to be unrelated, in the subsequent decade the confrontation of "abortion versus the pill" created probably one of the most significant disputes in the national population policies on both sides of the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. This chapter zooms in on Soviet stances on birth control by addressing the evolution of popular medical discourses surrounding the medicalisation of birth control during the Cold War. Drawing on a Foucauldian analysis of biopower, we illuminate how responsibilities concerning birth control were assigned to and shifted between medical practitioners and 'ordinary' men and women from 1955 to 1975. The analysis is based on nearly one hundred articles published in the popular Soviet health magazine "Zdorovie" (in English "Health"), which was the only available periodical source containing professional advice on birth control methods until the 1980s. The main argument arising from this study is that after having re-legalised abortion (1955), the Soviet state sought a means to regulate fertility that would not have as negative an impact on fertility rates as the then increasing abortion rates were believed to have. This effort led to doctors being made the main gatekeepers of birth control during an unofficial anti-abortion campaign in the 1950s, and encouraging natural methods of birth control as part of spousal cooperation in the 1960s. At the same time, birth control in the Soviet Union had to be as effective as the US birth control pill, especially after the pill was introduced in 1960 in the West, and easily controllable by the state, as eventually intrauterine devices (IUDs) appeared to be in the 1970s in the Soviet Union. Like abortion, IUDs allowed doctors to easily supervise women, which would not be possible with the birth control pill. We suggest that relational values around birth control emerging on the two sides of the Iron curtain informed this Soviet biopolitical struggle. In contrast to the verbalised "Kitchen Debate", it was a latent yet apparant hegemonic struggle in the private sphere of everyday life, the roots of which can be traced back to the Cold War.


Juvenile crime continues to be a challenging problem in the United States, with a juvenile murder rate that is nearly ve times higher than in other developed countries. Due to the large number of violent crimes, many states have adopted laws that allow youth under age 18 to be prosecuted, tried, and sentenced as adults for particular violent crimes. In this paper we consider whether such laws are eective in deterring juvenile crime utilizing Measure 11 in Oregon, a public referendum that imposed mandatory minimum punishments for violent crimes for all oenders over the age of 15. We test whether adult prosecution of juveniles deters crime using the dates of birth and oense from administrative records on all juvenile crimes committed from 1998-2010 in Oregon. We nd some evidence that harsher punishments deter crime and that the decreases in crime are concentrated in assaults and robberies, with no deterrence eect for sexual crimes. ToDo: gures at +/-100


NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that a Public Hearing will be held by the Zoning Board of Appeals of the Town of Wawayanda, Orange County, New York, pursuant to the application of Michael and Karen Baudendistel for a USE Variances of 195-38 to allow a Mobile Home to be replaced on a larger footprint on the existing site.


We investigate the value-add of topic modeling in text analysis for depression, and for neuroticism as a strongly associated personality measure. Using Pennebaker's Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) lexicon to provide baseline features, we show that straightforward topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) yields interpretable, psychologically relevant "themes" that add value in prediction of clinical assessments.


The present invention relates to an integrated circuit comprising a power transistor and auxiliary transistor. In one embodiment of an integrated circuit, the integrated circuit comprising a power having a control terminal, a first load terminal and the second power terminal of the load power of the power transistor. The integrated circuit further comprising an auxiliary control terminal, a load terminal of the auxiliary transistor and a first auxiliary terminal of the second auxiliary load. A first auxiliary terminal electrically coupled to a power load control terminals. The integrated circuit further comprises a capacitor having a first electrode, a second capacitor electrode of the capacitor and the capacitor dielectric layer. The capacitor dielectric layer includes at least one of a ferroelectric material and a paraelectric material. A first capacitor electrode electrically coupled to the auxiliary control terminal.


A new predictive control approach based on T-S fuzzy model is developed by combining T-S fuzzy model with state feedback predictive control.The approach utilizes T-S fuzzy model to get the estimated values of state and output,and corrects the estimated output value by using the measurable process variable.Then in terms of optimal control theory,the control law,which is used to control the whole system,is calculated by the corrected estimated value and set-point. The control system of a continuous stirred tank reactor is also simulated with different initial states,setpoint values and disturbances.The simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective and feasible.


Lignin is the second abundant biopolymer and less then cellulose present in the cell wall of plant. The previous reports have shown that O-methyltransferase (OMT) plays as a key enzyme for stepwise biosynthesis of lignin. Our current study focused on the Caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, abbreviated as CCoAOMT, in Chamaecyparis formosensis. By using polymerase chain reaction with designed degenerated primers from highly conserved region of many herbaceous and woody plants were taken as references, 526 base pairs (bp) of DNA fragment were obtained. Then the 5' and 3' RACE (Rapid Amplify of cDNA End) coupled with the Genome walking were used to clone the full length of CCoAOMT. After combining the sequence data, there was a total of 1724 bps in full length. The coding region of this DNA fragment was 750 bps, which can be translated to 249 amino acids. The gene was named as CfCCoAOMT. The result of phylogenetic tree shows that C. formosensis is most similar to the CCoAOMT of Taiwania cryptomerioides and is categorized to the same branch with Pinus taeda and Picea abies. Analyzing C. formosensis with Southern blotting, the results show that there are two copies of CfCCoAOMT in C. formosensis' genome. Moreover, the developing xylem from C. formosensis has the most abundance expression pattern by using the Northern blotting analysis. The CfCCoAOMT gene was constructed into the E. coli to generate a great quantity of CfCCoAOMT recombinant protein and the polyclonal antibody was produced by purifying recombinant protein. Using tissue printing to observe the expression pattern in C. formosensis stem with mechanical bending and found there is a greater expression in the compression site. Because the lignin biosynthesis pathway in woody plant and herbaceous plant are quite different, the CfCCoAOMT's coding region of C. formosensis was taken to transform into tobacco, a type of herbaceous plant, using Agrobacterium mediated transgenic method. Klason's lignin method was then used to monitor the total lignin content in transgenic tobacco. The resulting tobacco did not present much difference in sense transgenic line but the content in antisense transgenic line had slightly increased. The pyrolysis GC-MS monitored each G and S lignin in transgenic line and found that the G/S ratio increased dramatically in all the transgenic line.


Cladistic analyses of morphological data were used to clarify the definition of Billardiera in the context of other genera of the family Pittosporaceae. These analyses indicate that Billardiera s.str. is monophyletic including the small genera Sollya and Pronaya, but excluding Marianthus and Rhytidosporum, which have been previously included in a broader concept of Billardiera. The re-circumscribed Billardiera is revised, incorporating these changes. Five taxa are reinstated at species level (B. fusiformis, B. mutabilis, B. macrantha, B. speciosa and B. venusta). Three are new combinations (B. fraseri, B. heterophylla, B. drummondii replacing Sollya drummondii) and three new taxa are described for the first time: B. nesophila, B. rubens and B. viridiflora.


Abstract : This document presents failure rate prediction procedures for resistors, capacitors, switches, inductive devices, relays, connectors, interconnection assemblies and rotating devices. Data were collected from military maintenance records, warranty records, published information and field operations to support the model development. The existing failure rate models were examined to identify areas that were deficient and needed to be updated/revised. The objectives were: (1) Be reflective of current state-of-the-art in part manufacturing technology; (2) Include all part types being used in military systems; (3) Be based only on information that is available during design phases; (4) Be as accurate and precise as possible. The goal of the new model development was to simplify the models in a manner that made their complexity consistent with their precision and accuracy, while at the same time including provisions to account for the primary variable affecting reliability. A new prediction methodology was developed to model the failure rate of devices that exhibit wearout failure mechanisms (i.e., switches, relays, etc.). Additional new part types have been added (i.e., ceramic chip capacitors, tantalum chip capacitors, etc.) which may be included in MIL-HDBK-217E.


An array antenna differing from classical design rules is described. Dielectric primary radiators are used providing prebeamforming features by their inherent characteristic. A line of 1×5 radiators realizes E- and H-plane beamwidths of 8 resp. 40 deg. with an effective aperture equaling less than 50 percent of well-known solutions. An integrated power splitting network ensures equiphase excitation of the radiators.


This paper clarifies the basic principle of Device Dependent Sub-sy nchronous Oscillation (SSO),and a model of synchronous generators that takes the saturation of main magnetic circuit into account is presented.Using the time do main simulation by Saber,the operating mode based on the simple generator-infin ite power system during a three-phase fault is calculated,and some valuable con clusions are obtained.


Scientific journal articles written for specialist audiences and popularized accounts of the same research differ in their cohesive patterns. This difference can be related to different uses of readers' knowledge in the two kinds of texts. In general, readers of scientific texts must have a knowledge of lexical relations to see the implicit cohesion of the text, while readers of popularizations must see the explicitly marked cohesive relations to infer lexical relations, and to link the semantic field of the specialized domain to those of everyday life. An attempt to develop a computational model of cohesion, a procedure that would not have to draw on domain knowledge, has produced a number of examples of the kinds of knowledge required to link sentences in scientific texts. It has also highlighted some of the devices through which this knowledge is conveyed in popular texts. Examples are drawn from texts selected from a corpus of specialized and popular articles on one discovery in molecular genetics. Th...


This paper analyses on the foreign and domestic production techniques of potassium sulhpate, introduces the progress of technique-homemading and the production technique with the decomposition method of mirabilite and potassium chloride the independent intellectual property right of that is belong to our country, and makes comprehensive comparison among three international ripe techniques.


Objective The objectives of this study are to clarify the rhythm of rice leaf folder(RLF)(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) to the searchlight trap, provide reference on monitoring and forecasting of C. medinalis, confirm the superiority of searchlight trap on monitoring migrant pests, provide data supports for biological parameters setting of trajectory analysis, and to propose a reasonable and economical plan for cutting off lighting.Method C. medinalis was trapped at nights by searchlight traps with automatic time-switches in Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2012 and 2013. The sampling times were 19:30-21:00, 21:00-23:00, 23:00-01:00, 01:00-03:00, 03:00-05:00, 05:00-06:00 with 6 lights, and 19:30-21:00, 21:00-22:30, 22:30-00:00, 00:00-01:30, 01:30-03:00, 03:00-04:30, 04:30-06:00 with 7 lights. The last ten days of May to the middle ten days of June were immigrant periods of C. medinalis. The end of June to the middle ten days of July were emigrant periods of C. medinalis. During different migrant periods, the days of C. medinalis amount suddenly increase were analyzed. The peak time to the searchlight trap was determined with Chi-square statistical analysis between single interval catch numbers and average interval catch numbers.Result The annual trapped amount of C. medinalis in 2012 and 2013 was different, but both of years had similar population dynamics with the most trapped amount of C. medinalis at 3rd generation and 4th generation. Stable rhythm of C. medinalis to the searchlight trap was obtained, but that was different in different migrant periods. Landing of migrant population occurred continually as a result of different flight abilities and atmosphere factors. For immigrant C. medinalis in 2012 and 2013, the peak time to the searchlight trap appeared mostly after mid-night, mainly during 01:00-03:00 and 03:00-05:00. Whereas, for emigrant and local C. medinalis, the peak time to the searchlight trap appeared mainly during 19:30-21:00 and 21:00-22:30. The rhythm of C. medinalis to the lights based on using searchlight trap was different from that using traditional light traps because the former can trap insects at least 500 m above ground level. C. medinalis usually took off in a large scale after sunset, the populations with shortest flight duration and longest flight duration landed during 23:00-01:00 and 05:00-06:00, respectively, and they flied for 3 h and 10 h, respectively. The source areas of C. medinalis would be more precise during trajectory analysis with the consideration of peak time to the searchlight trap.Conclusion The rhythm of C. medinalis to the searchlight trap was different in different migrant periods. The information of rhythm to the searchlight trap was more comprehensive than that to the traditional light traps. Considering rhythm to the searchlight trap will provide more precise time parameters for trajectory analysis.


The reason why many exchange correlation functionals fail to give correct binding energies for the hemibonding structures of the ionized water clusters can be traced back to the dissociation behaviors of the hemibonded systems predicted by the exchange correlation functionals, since nearly most of the exchange-correlation functionals cannot predict that the hemibonded structure of the water dimer radical cation will dissociate into H2O and H2O+. Thus, the definition of the binding energies is unfair somehow: Although the previous suggested functionals such as BH&HLYP and MPW1K can give accurate equilibrium binding energies of the hemibonding structure, they fail to predict the correct dissociation limits. This will result in a potential curve which is too shallow. Thus, the hemibonded structure calculated by those functionals is much easier to dissociate than it actually should be. Therefore we propose three different criteria to reexamine the water dimer radi-cal cation: (i) The binding energies, (ii) the relative energies between the conformers of the ionized water dimer and (iii) the dissociation behaviors predicted by various exchange correlation functionals. We find that the functional which behaves well all over these three criteria is the wB97X-2 functional. Reasons that LC hybrid functionals generally work better than conventional density functionals for hemibonded systems is also explained in this work.


Knutson correctly identifies the concern for extension's future and the major origins of this concern. He notes that the empirical evidence available suggests that the rate of return to investments in extension education have been relatively high and approximately equal to those earned on investments in agricultural research. While I am in substantial agreement with many of the recommendations, the recommendations fall short of what is needed and/or are less specific than required. My comments are intended to supplement Knutson's paper. They are organized under four headings: a conceptual framework, clientele and mission, organizational structure, and the dynamics of change.


This research was conducted to evaluate silicon (Si) effects on the morphological characteristics and resistance to rice stem borer under greenhouse conditions at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2009. The experiment was conducted as factorial in a complete randomized design (two factors) with three replications. The factors included four levels of silicon (Si) (Si0 = 0, Si1 = 5, Si2 = 10, Si3 = 20 g Si kg−1 soil) and three rice cultivars (Parto, Line 34, and Neda). The results showed Si fertilizer had a significant effect on percentage of white head, length of leaf, width of leaf, diameter of stem, and percentage of reproductive tiller. Also, increased stem Si increased the resistance to striped stem borer in the rice cultivars studied. The greatest resistance to striped stem borer was observed with the application of 20 g Si kg−1 soil. The application of Si at the rate of 20 g Si kg−1 soil significantly reduced the percentage of white head from 18.10% (without Si) to 0.11% (with 20 g Si kg−1 soil) in Parto cultivar.


ONE OF HART'S KEY CONTRIBUTIONS WAS TO TRY TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN LAW AS A NORMATIVE SYSTEM THAT HAS SOME WELL-KNOWN CHARACTERISTICS, AMONG OTHERS: ITS RELATIONS WITH LANGUAGE, COERCION, POWER AND MORAL. DESPITE BEING A SUPPORTER OF LEGAL POSITIVISM, HART DOES NOT DENY THAT CONTEMPORARY LEGAL SYSTEMS ARE COMPLEX AND ENFORCED PRINCIPLES AND MORAL VALUES THAT ARE RELEVANT IN VALID LAW AS THEY ADD NEW ETHICAL DIMENSIONS RELATED TO THE LEGAL PROCESS AND DECISION TAKING. TO PRESENT A REVIEW OF HART'S THEORY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE STATE OF PLAY IN CONSTITUTIONAL AND DEMOCRATIC NATIONS, AS WELL AS, TO GIVE AN INCENTIVE TO KNOW AND STUDY IN DEPTH THIS AUTHOR ARE THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS PAPER.


The development and the management of a nation's marine economy are closely related to the environment of ocean laws.In recent years,our country's marine economy has been developing rapidly and achieved considerable economic benefits,yet is faced with some problems because of the lack of the culture of ruling the oceans by law.Therefore,we must carry out the strategy of the culture of ruling the oceans by law and promote the construction of the culture of ruling the oceans by law so that our work has the legal support.We also should popularize ocean laws by enhancing people's legal awareness and conducting education.Finally,we should improve the law enforcement.Only by doing so can we develop the culture of ruling the oceans by law and achieve the harmony between man and oceans and the sustained development of the marine economy.


This paper introduces a dataset and associated analysis of the scores of National Football League (NFL) games over the 2012, 2013, and first five weeks of the 2014 season. In the face of current media attention to "lopsided" scores in Thursday night games in the early part of the 2014 season, t-test results indicate no statistically significant difference between the winning margins in Sunday games vs. Thursday games during the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Interestingly, there is a statistically significant difference between the Sunday vs. Thursday game margins over the first five weeks of the 2014 season. Moreover, statistical process control methods suggest an "out of control" condition for Thursday night game margins during the first five weeks of the 2014 season. The exercise provides students with an opportunity to apply a variety of hypothesis testing and graphical analysis tools to a question of current interest in the popular media.


The principles of surgery in the early stages of cancer, physical radiation in severe cases, and chemotherapy are now commonplace around the world. When the cancer has spread (metastasis) within the organ of its first formation and to other parts of the body, these methods can increase life expectancy by a maximum of five years. At the current level of scientific progress, no perfect cure for cancer has yet been found. Here, we demonstrate the result of our study of how Purevsuren Begzjav, a Mongolian citizen and healer, uses her natural bioenergy to completely cure late-stage cancer. It was found that B.Purevsuren's palms (body) emit hot photons of stimulated electrons saturated with infrared light at 40°C to 45°C, which regenerate the patient's bioplasma (energy) body and restrain the cancer foci and eradicate it. B.Purevsuren's innate infrared energy reaches the organs and organ systems of the human body in appropriate doses, is harmless, and the level of her bioenergy parameters is quite stable. For example, the mean pre-treatment bioenergy area of the healer ( X ± S = 11549 . 3 ± 672 . 3 ) is maintained at 98 . 4 percent compared to the post-treatment average ( X ± S = 11368 . 0 ± 650 . 2 ). However, the mean pre-treatment bioenergy intensity of the healer ( X ± S = 75 . 42 ± 1 . 48 ) is maintained at 99.6 percent compared to the post-treatment average ( X ± S = 75 . 14 ± 1 . 53 ). The result of B. Purevsuren's treatment is providing evidence that there is a scientific approach to cure cancer with photons of human-natured, high-temperature infrared energy-stimulated electrons completely.


Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with bipolar magnetism show great promise in spintronic applications. Manipulating carriers' spin-polarized orientation in bipolar magnetic semiconductor (BMS) requires a gate voltage, but that is volatile. Recently, a new method has been proposed to solve the problem of volatility by introducing a ferroelectric gate with proper band alignment. In this paper, we predict that the PdX
 2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) monolayers are 2D ferromagnetic BMS with dynamic stability, thermal stability, and mechanical stability by first-principles calculations. The critical temperatures are higher than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen and the BMS characteristics are robust against external strains and electric fields for PdCl2 and PdBr2. Then, we manipulate the spin-polarization of PdCl2 and PdBr2 by introducing a ferroelectric gate to enable magnetic half-metal/semiconductor switching and spin-up/down polarization switching control. Two kinds of spin devices (multiferroic memory and spin filter) have been proposed to realize the spin-polarized directions of electrons. These results demonstrate that PdCl2 and PdBr2 with BMS characters can be widely used as a general material structure for spintronic devices.