During the Asian crisis, China's healthy reserves and low debt helped avoid a "country run", yet China did experience an apparently autonomous rise in private savings, a rise in capital outflow and a slowdown in growth. We employ global general equilibrium analysis to examine the relative contributions of external and internal shocks in China during the crisis. The savings rise appears to have been dominant domestically and, by coincidence, was a significant contributor to the international effects of the crisis. The successful defence of fixed US$ parity, however, made the combined shocks more contractionary than if the exchange rate regime had been more flexible. JEL Classification Numbers: C68, E65, F41, O11.


Abstract. A temperature compensated three-directional double-loop strain sensor is proposed. A normal fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is surface glued on double-loop titanium alloy substrate, which can improve measurement range of the sensor. The three-directional sensor is made up of three double-loop sensors in three directions so that a two-dimensional strain's maximum strain value and direction can be detected. With a temperature compensator using a simple FBG and a temperature compensation diaphragm, temperature crosstalk is avoided and the strain sensor's accuracy is 0.31% with measurement range of 1% (±5000  μϵ), which is seven times larger than normal FBG. In comparison with the common unidirectional strain sensor, this has great value for structural health monitoring.


The optical spectra and local lattice structure for Yb3+ in K5Bi(MoO4)4 ∶Yb3+crystal were calculated on the basis of the complete diagonalization method and the superposition model.In the calculation the contributions of the variation of the cation-ligand bond lengths and bond angles were taken into consideration.The calculated results agree well with experimental data.The investigation shows that Yb3+ in K5Bi(MoO4)4 ∶Yb3+will move down about 0.035 nm along C3 symmetry axis and the lattice structure around the Yb3+ possesses an elongated trigonal distortion above the rhombohedral lattice and a compressed trigonal distortion in the lower one.


In this paper the effective dose in the age-dependent ORNL phantoms series, due to naturally occurring radionuclides in building materials, was calculated. The absorbed doses for various organs or human tissues have been calculated. The MCNP-4B computer code was used for this purpose. The effective dose was calculated according to ICRP Publication 74. The obtained values of dose conversion factors for a standard room are: 1.033, 0.752 and 0.0538 nSv h−1 per Bq kg−1 for elements of the 238U and 232Th decay series and for the 40K isotope, respectively. The values of effective dose agreed generally with those found in the literature, although the values estimated here for elements of the 238U series were higher in some cases.


The opioid overdose epidemic is one of the most significant public health problems that the United States has seen in decades. Fatal drug overdoses are the number one leading cause of injury death in the United States. As communities struggle to combat increased mortality, public health officials, along with federal, state, and local agencies, are beginning to explore harm reduction interventions aimed at preventing opioid overdose deaths. A literature review was conducted to explore the effectiveness of two distinct harm reduction strategies: naloxone distribution programs and safe injection facilities. Access to naloxone can be effective in reducing opioid overdose, especially when implemented on a large scale. Expanding legislation to include immunity and Good Samaritan statutes will serve to increase the effectiveness of naloxone distribution as a strategy to reduce the number of opioid overdoses. Additionally, safe injection facilities can serve to reduce opioid overdoses, as well as improve the health of people who use opioids. This essay holds public health significance by reporting on two unique strategies that, when implemented, can improve the health of millions of Americans.


ABSTRACT The starting point of this reflection is deeply anchored in my practical work as a drawer. Knowing my work was never about illustrating space or about depicting it, I was forced to ask myself about the nature of space my drawing was creating, as a non-figurative art form. I noticed that numerous artists and critics where asking this very same question all along the twentieth century, opposing the flatness of the picture plane to a non-illusionist painterly space. I chose to extricate some of the prominent issues about space in modern painting to show the dense and multiple definitions the notion of space endured during the last century, trying to define more clearly the status of a painterly space made by shapes, layers and matters.


Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are commoditized and delivered in a manner similar to traditional utilities such as water, electricity, gas, and telephony. In such a model, users access services based on their requirements without regard to where the services are hosted or how they are delivered. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing vision and these include cluster computing, Grid computing, and more recently Cloud computing. The latter term denotes the infrastructure as a ``Cloud'' from which businesses and users are able to access applications from anywhere in the world on demand. Thus, the computing world is rapidly transforming towards developing software for millions to consume as a and find out advantage and limitation to increase resources utilization and profit in future proposed work.


APUD cells were so named by Pearse (1969) as a result of his attempt to produce a synthesis relating a number of observations concerning the histochemistry and function of peptide-secreting endocrine cells, particularly those of the gastrointestinal tract. One of these properties was that peptide-secreting endocrine cells appeared to share an ability to take up precursors of biologically active amines, to produce active amine through subsequent intracellular decarboxylation and then store the amine product in secretory vesicles, hence APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation). This widespread phenomenon was initially described by Pearse himself (1966) for the calcitonin-secreting parafollicular C cells of dog thyroid using 5-hydroxytryptophan as the amine precursor. In that paper the author noted that such an uptake was also found in other peptide hormone-secreting cells, for example in the corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary gland and in the β-cells of the endocrine pancreas. However, these clear-cut observations became hidden beneath the much larger edifice that the APUD concept became, with APUD cells (eventually including more than 40 cell types) defined as a 'diffuse neuroendocrine system … the third branch of the nervous system acting within the second, the autonomic nervous system in the control of all the intestinal organs' and with a developmental lineage that was defined as necessarily being from neuroectoderm. This monumental hypothesis has not stood the rigour of experimental test using modern methods of cell and developmental biology. However, if the grand theory itself has been found wanting (see for example Andrew et al. 1998), the original observations that led to the idea of the APUD cell have certainly been confirmed and yet have remained neglected for much of the last decade. Why should cells that are undoubtedly peptide-secreting endocrine cells have the general property of handling amines in a way characteristic of neurones?

In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Blackmore et al. shed a fascinating new perspective on these early findings by showing that functionally the observed pattern of secreted peptide hormones (which emerge as processed fragments from larger polypeptide precursors) results from the ability of these cells to take up amines. The connection arises because of two phenomena which share a common molecular event - in one case the result of, in the other the cause of the link. Because peptide hormone processing is carried out by intracellular endopeptidases within secretory vesicles and because the enzymes responsible for site-specific activity (the pro-hormone convertases) are themselves highly pH sensitive, the pattern of peptide release will necessarily depend upon secretory vesicular pH. Blackmore et al. (2001) have now shown that the pH within this organelle is itself regulated by monoamines through a simple link. Amine transport across the vesicular membrane occurs through transporters that are proton-coupled antiporters. Hence addition of amine to the cell, by activating amine transport and accumulation within the vesicles reduces intravesicular acidification; this alters the processing of secreted peptide, thus establishing the link between amine uptake and peptide hormone secretion.

The conclusion from this study is so unambiguous because of the imaginative combination of modern experimental strategies adopted by the authors. Using confocal microscopy to measure intravesicular pH (with a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein targeted to secretory vesicles) in cells in situ and pharmacological tools to isolate the contribution of specific vesicular monoamine transporters, the authors make a combined attack using a genetically engineered cell line. A pancreatic β-cell line (a nice touch here is that the authors manage to acknowledge materials received from both Drs Banting and Best!) was stably transfected with cDNA constructs expressing both the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 and the peptide hormone precursor progastrin, a peptide that is well known to be cleaved into a number of specific smaller fragments (e.g. G34 and G17) with differing biological effects and properties depending on the specific product released. Moreover gastrin is a peptide for which cleavage-product-specific antibodies have been developed, allowing peptide processing as a function of amine transport-dependent intravesicular pH to be monitored. The results are clear-cut: expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter alters peptide processing in these cells and the mechanism for this coupling does indeed appear to be altered intravesicular pH.

Wilmer (1960) observed in his classic monograph Cytology and Evolution that '… in its evolutionary processes Nature tends to build on what is already present and does so by a continual process of modification. A plurality of purpose may arise as a consequence of some basic embryological processes which probably have an earlier and originally a functional origin' or as Jacob (see Crick, 1988) put it more succinctly, 'evolution is a tinkerer'. The paper by Blackmore et al. (2001) exemplifies this particularly clearly by showing how a novel process linking neuronal and endocrine cell function emerges from such evolutionary tinkering with the cellular expression and properties of an intracellular vesicular monoamine transporter.


We have examined the success rates of 19 American, Canadian, Australian, and Dutch graduate programs in producing astronomers. A 20-year baseline was considered (1975-1994), incorporating 897 PhD recipients. The major conclusion from our study is that the fraction of PhD graduates still involved in astronomical research is surprisingly insensitive to the institutional source of one's PhD. With few exception, 55-75% of graduates, regardless of PhD source, remain active in the astronomical research community. While it remains true that graduates of so-called ``prestigious'' programs preferentially populate the same, it is also clear that an abundance of opportunities exist at smaller ``non-prestigious'' institutions, liberal arts colleges, government, and industry. The latter, of course, generally carry enhanced administrative and/or teaching duties, but, on the other hand, do not entirely preclude a role in the research community. A Kepler-Meier survival analysis of two disparate institutes demonstrates that ``success'' is a dynamical entity, and that blind consideration of a 20-year baseline sample can mask important recent trends. Within ten years of PhD receipt, an equilibrium is reached in which 45% of the graduates are in identifiably permanent positions, 20% remain in soft-money positions, and 35% have left research entirely. Graduates of American universities are 2-3 times more likely to find permanent employment in the USA than Canadian or Australian graduates are within their respective institute's country. While the number of American, Canadian, and Dutch PhDs have grown 20% during the past decade, the growth in Australia has been closer to 70%.


We present a level of detail (LOD) method designed for tree branches. It can be combined with methods for processing tree foliage to facilitate navigation through large virtual forests. Starting from a skeletal representation of a tree, we fit polygon meshes of various densities to the skeleton while the mesh density is adjusted according to the required visual fidelity. For distant models, these branch meshes are gradually replaced with semi‐transparent lines until the tree recedes to a few lines. Construction of these complete LOD models is guided by error metrics to ensure smooth transitions between adjacent LOD models. We then present an instancing technique for discrete LOD branch models, consisting of polygon meshes plus semi‐transparent lines. Line models with different transparencies are instanced on the GPU by merging multiple tree samples into a single model. Our technique reduces the number of draw calls in GPU and increases rendering performance. Our experiments demonstrate that large‐scale forest scenes can be rendered with excellent detail and shadows in real time.


The principal constituent and forms of the reason of heat exchanger's common oil soluble dirt were analyzed in refinery process units.The online chemical physics clean technology's feasibility and efficiency were discussed.Finally,feasible technical program has proposed about oil soluble dirt zero emission on online clean technology production characteristic and scene implementation.


In this study, we examined the interactive aspects between pitch reduction phenomena considered a universal language phenomenon and native language interference in the production of L2 intonation performed by Chinese learners of Korean. To investigate their interaction, we conducted an acoustic analysis using acoustic measures such as pitch span, pitch level, pitch dynamic quotient, skewness, and kurtosis. In addition, the correlation between text comprehension and pitch was examined. The analyzed material consisted of four Korean discourses containing five and seven sentences of varying difficulty. Seven Korean native speakers and thirty Chinese learners who differed in their Korean proficiency participated in the production test. The results, for differences by language, showed that Chinese had a more expanded pitch span, and a higher pitch level than Korean. The analysis between groups showed that at the beginner and intermediate levels, pitch reduction was prominent, i.e., their Korean was characterized by a compressed pitch span, low pitch level, and less sentence internal pitch variation. Contrariwise, the pitch use of advanced speakers was most similar to Korean native speakers. There was no significant correlation between text difficulty and pitch use. Through this study, we observed that pitch reduction was more pronounced than native language interference in the phonetic layer.


Publisher Summary Fish processors face significant problems when disposing of waste materials. The waste from fish processing was transported to rendering plants where it was converted into meal, or sold to mink farms or pet-food manufacturers. The rendering plants have since been recognized as significant polluters and most are now closed; there are few mink farms remaining and pet-food manufacturers take very little waste from fish processors. Disposal of fish waste at sea or in landfills is both expensive and highly regulated, as is pumping ground waste into coastal waters. Fish processors must, therefore, find new ways to address the problem of waste disposal. There are good economic reasons to consider co-product recovery. With fewer fish being caught, the pressure to maximize profit by using every part of each fish is intense. This chapter discusses the current status of seafood waste management and co-product development. The most straightforward and economical way to deal with waste would appear to be elimination. There are three main categories of co-products that utilize all, or almost all, seafood processing wastes. These are compost, meals, and hydrolysates or digests. These products are often produced by independent entrepreneurs, who have the time and interest to learn the technology and to develop markets that, for the most part, have nothing to do with seafood.


The invention relates to a method of diagnosing a catalyst (4) of a processing system (3) of the exhaust gases, said system comprising a first (5) and a second (8) oxygen sensor located upstream and downstream of said catalyst (4), wherein - there is provided a wealth of control setpoint of the motor based on the signal delivered by the upstream probe (5) to maintain a stoichiometric mixture at the catalyst inlet (4), and - a control oscillation is applied to said control setpoint to alternately impose a rich and lean mixture upstream of the catalyst and whose magnitude is calibrated to maintain the value of the mixture in the range of value of the catalyst window during which the catalyst efficiency is maximum; - analyzing a variation of the signal supplied by the downstream probe (8) while applying said control oscillation for diagnosing the catalyst.


The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and discloses an undercarriage for an unmanned aerial vehicle with a safety air bag structure. The undercarriage for the unmanned aerial vehicle with the safety air bag restraint system structure comprises an undercarriage body, an air charging device, an air charging controller and safety air bags. Air flow outlets of the air charging device are fixed onto the undercarriage body and are connected with the safety air bags; the air charging controller is connected with the air charging device; the states of each safety air bag comprise: a compressing state and an air charging state; each safety air bag in the compressing state is embedded into the undercarriage body; the air inlet end of each safety air bag in the air charging state is fixed onto the undercarriage body; and a bag body of each safety air bag protrudes from the undercarriage body, is located in the space of the inner side of the undercarriage, and fills in an equipment carrier space on the inner side. The invention provides the undercarriage and the unmanned aerial vehicle having a favorable protection effect on airborne equipment.


This paper tells the background leading to the realization that a flight-test program to study aero-optics was needed. The remaining part of the paper describes many of the tasks that had to be learned in order to actually develop the flight program known as the Airborne Aero-Optic Laboratory. In addition to the development of the laboratory aircraft some of the development of the specialized equipment and operational methods are described.


Two improved list—ranking algorithms are presented, The "peeling—off" algorithm leads to an optimal PRAM algorithm, but was designed with application on a real parallel machine in mind. It is simpler than earlier algorithms, and in a range of problem sizes, where previously several algorithms where required for the best performance, now this single algorithm suffices. If the problem size is much larger than the number 01. available processors, then the "sparse—ruling-sets" algorithm is even better. In previous versions this algorithm had very restricted practical application because ot' the large number of communication rounds it was performing. This main weakness of this algorithm is overcome by adding two new ideas, each of which reduces the number of communication rounds by a factor of two. Ultimate Parallel List Ranking ?


Objective:To investigate the association between the polymorphism of IFN-γ gene and the genetic susceptibility to asthma.Methods:Correlative bibliographic database and academic publication of internal and abroad were retrieved,which were published before the March 2012.Meta-analysis was performed to determine whether the polymorphism of IFN-γ gene was associated with asthma.Results:Twenty-one literatures were retrieved,and 5 of them were involved in the gene locus +874T/A(rs2430561) in IFN-γ gene including total cumulative 381 cases.The odds ratio for asthma for AA/TT+TA genotypes was 1.63(95%CI 1.06~2.49).No significant publication bias was found regarding AA/TT+TA genotypes(P=0.271).Conclusion:+874AA genotype of IFN-γ gene might be the risk factors for asthma,whereas TT and TA genotypes of IFN-γ gene were no clear relationship with asthma.


We present the results of experimental investigation of ion and electron fluxes produced by irradiating thin foils with laser USPs. These experiments were carried out on the Sokol-P laser facility (pulse duration ∼1 ps, power ∼20 TW) using lavsan, aluminium, and copper targets of equal thickness (∼5 μm). Ions were recorded employing Thomson spectrometers and a time-of-flight spectrometer with a silicon semiconductor detector. To record electrons, use was made of electron spectrometers involving the rotation of particle trajectories by 180° in magnetic field. The ionic composition of the charged particle beam was determined and the beam shape was investigated in relation to the target material.


Chapter 1 Context Chapter 2 Winding-up by the Court Chapter 3 Winding-up by the Court: Procedural and Practical Considerations Chapter 4 Voluntary Winding-up Chapter 5 Liquidator's Powers and Duties Chapter 6 Receivership Chapter 7 Issues arising in a Receivership Chapter 8 Priority of Creditors' Claims Chapter 9 Creditors' Remedies Chapter 10 Fraudulent and Reckless Trading Chapter 11 Director Disqualification and Restriction Chapter 12 Examinership - Part 1 Chapter 13 Examinership - Part 2 Chapter 14 Other Forms of Rescue.


The clinical manifestations of Class Ⅱ Division 1 malocclusion include procumbent maxillary anterior teeth, constricted maxillary arch, retrusive mandible with elongated mandibular anterior teeth, and large overbite and overjet. Controversies still exist whether an enhanced mandibular growth or an inhibited maxillary growth can be achieved through the early use of functional appliances or headgears. However, early correction of the protruded anterior teeth is significant when increased child's self-esteem and decreased the risk of traumatizing anterior teeth are considered. The case report presents a 7-year and 6-month-old girl diagnosed with a Class Ⅱ Division I malocclusion. Through the phase I of early correction of maxillary anterior teeth, followed by the phase Ⅱ of comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment, the Class Ⅱ malocclusion has been successfully corrected without the use of any headgears or functional appliances. The occlusion is stable after 4 years of follow-up.


The concept of Soviet science was formed in many ways spontaneously. Initially, under the conditions of the Civil War, science was viewed by the Bolsheviks as a tool and a way to achieve political and military goals. But, as with other objects of social design — socialist economy, culture, education, etc. — they did not have clear ideas about socialist science. Only the opinion about the class character of bourgeois science and its role, subordinate to the interests of capital and the monarchy, was stable. Taking this factor into account, the attitude of the new government to various scientific areas was formed. The Bolsheviks had more confidence in the natural and technical sciences, the achievements of which were supposed to be "taken as they are passed on to us by the bourgeois heritage". The social sciences and humanities were judged sharply critically as, on the whole, hostile to the socialist idea. The Soviet model of science finally took shape in the 1930s. It was distinguished by some specific features that largely determined its achievements and failures. These include a hierarchical, open-ended organisational structure that includes 3 sectors of science (departmental, academic and university). In addition, it is necessary to note such features of Soviet science as decentralisation, complete dependence on the state and the planning system. The tactics of state support for strategically important areas of science and the lack of alternative mechanisms for financing scientific research contributed to the rapid bureaucratisation of Soviet science, deformation of the structure of scientific knowledge (imbalance between the exact, natural, technical, social sciences and the humanities in terms of the pace and level of development) and the priority of applied research over fundamental. And one more feature is the strict ideological control of scientific knowledge, supplemented by repressions against "bourgeois" science and its representatives, as well as the prohibition (explicit and implicit) on direct contacts, which led to the isolation and low level of mobility of the scientific community.


In IPv6 network, before configuring any address, a node must perform Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) to ensure the address is unique on link. However, original DAD is unreliable and vulnerable. In this article, a pull model DAD is designed, which achieves improvements both in reliability and security through changing the solicitation model. Comparing with SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND), this proposal has advantage in lightweight overhead and flexibility of address generation. Through evaluation, it is found to be feasible and cost effective.


In this paper, a linearized inverse scattering technique with the aid of the convolution quadrature time-domain boundary element method (CQBEM) has been developed for the reconstruction of a delamination in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with anisotropic property. The CQBEM is utilized to obtain scattered wave data from a delamination in CFRP. The wave forms obtained by the CQBEM are adequately treated to implement the shape reconstruction of a delamination in CFRP. The Kirchhoff approximation is applied to the unknown delamination opening displacement. A far-field approximation of the 2-D fundamental solution in frequency-domain for general anisotropic elastodynamics is used for the proposed inverse scattering formulation. Numerical examples for a delamination in various types of CFRPs are shown to verify the proposed method.


Abstract The relationship between body image attitudes and psychosocial development was examined in a sample of 144 college females, using multiple measures of body image. Canonical analysis and multiple regression procedures revealed that attitudes toward body parts and processes; body dissatisfaction; and evaluations of health, fitness, and appearance were associated with salubrious lifestyle and establishing and clarifying purpose tasks of psychosocial development.


Inverse radiative heat transfer problems have several relevant applications in many different areas such as astronomy, environmental sciences, engineering and medicine. Some outstanding examples are parameter and function estimation for global climate models, hydrologic optics, and computerized tomography. When formulated implicitly, inverse problems are usually written as optimization problems. Several heuristics that mimic nature behavior have been proposed for the solution of optimization problems. In particular some of the most recent algorithms, classified within the field of swarm intelligence, are based on the observation of social insects behavior. In the last decade of the past century the Ant Colony System (ACS) was applied successfully for the solution of combinatorial optimization problems, and more recently it has been proposed for the solution of some specific inverse problems associated to the estimation of real-valued parameters. In the present work is presented a variation of the ACS optimization method, the so called Fuzzy ACS (FACS), for the solution of an inverse radiative transfer problem in which we seek to determine the optical thickness, the single scattering albedo and the diffuse reflectivities at the inner side of the boundaries of a onedimensional participating medium. Here we include a fuzzy component to the path of each agent (ant) in order to improve the performance of the method. As experimental data we consider the intensity of the emerging radiation measured at the boundary surfaces of the medium using only external detectors. The computational implementation of the F-ACS is discussed and results are presented for a few test cases demonstrating the feasibility of the use of the proposed methodology.


Objective
To investigate radioactivity levels in the main agriculture products around a uranium mine in Northern Guangxi.

Methods
The agriculture products and soil samples were collected and analyzed by using HPGe gamma ray spectrometer.

Results
The specific activity of 226Ra in radish (including leaf), radish leaves and radish, collected in one place, were 45.0, 66.7 and 32.3 Bq/kg, respectively. Those of 226Ra and 238U in the radish soil collected in the same place were 19 672 and 85 917 Bq/kg, respectively. The transfer coefficients of soil-to-radish and soil-to-leaves were 1.61×10-3 and 3.40×10-3, consistent with those reported in relevant literature. Radioactivity levels in agricultural products in another survey was in consistence with those in the national survey for food products. Radioactivity levels in soil elsewhere near the radish site was consistent with the results of the national soil radioactivive background survey.

Conclusions
The soil in this place has been contaminated by the nearby uranium mine. It is important to investigate this place further and take the necessary measures.

Key words:
γ-ray spectrometer; Radioactivity level; Specific activity; Radionuclide; Transfer coefficient


To explore the heat and fluid flow characteristics of normally impinging round air jet, a large eddy simulation (LES) of the jet flow at a jet-issuing Reynolds number of 4400 for a orifice-to-plate distance equal to five jet nozzle diameters was encompassed using a computer code OpenFoam. A comparison with existing experimental and numerical results was made. It was found that the LES predicted mean Nusselt number is favorably distributed in the radial direction, indicating that the LES has application potential in predicting impinging jet flows at conditions with an increased Reynolds number and a varying orifice-to-plate distance.


Magnetic cobalt was synthesized by solvothermal method. The effects of reaction time, temperature and surfactant on the morphology and magnetic properties of final products were studied. Cobalt acetate, ethylene glycol, and surfactant were employed as the starting materials. The spherical Co particles were obtained at high temperature and pressure conditions. The microstructures, shapes, size, and magnetic properties of as-prepared samples were investigated in details by XRD, SEM, and VSM techniques. The results showed that the magnetic Co particles were hollow spheres structures and enhanced saturation magnetization and coercivity. The high magnetic cobalt could be applied in magnetic recording and catalysis fields.


Vietnam is one of the countries with high biodiversity, with extremely rich and diverse genetic resources of flowers and ornamental plants, which are precious and valuable in the domestic and international markets. Currently, in Vietnam, rain lilies have many different shapes and colors. This study focused on evaluating the growth characteristics of ten different varieties of rain lily and the ability to propagate these varieties by bulb chipping method in winter-spring in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results show that there was a great diversity in growth characteristics among lily varieties in terms of the number of leaves (4.4 to 12.7), leaf length (8.3-22 cm), leaf width (2.4-9.7 mm), leaf thickness (1.0 to 1.7 mm), leaf angle (23-50o), and tillering ability in six months (0 to 5.8 branches/bulb). The flower colors were also diverse such as white, light pink, dark pink, orange, white. The number of petals was 6 or 12 petals, along with the diversity of flower structure. The ten varieties showed a different propagation capacity by bulb chipping ranging from 1 to 17 multiplication times. The bulbils derived from bulb chipping had the good quality, with the highest number of bulbils in the treatment of the four-piece-chipping. Therefore, the method can be applied to rain lily propagation in Vietnam.


There has been very little, documented decontamination and decommissioning (DD however, more specific tests and data may be obtained during the remainder of this project. This project has been recommended as a candidate test facility for a DOE planned ``Integrated D&D Demonstration`` managed by EM-50 to develop and demonstrate technology for D&D and surplus facilities deactivation. Both the remainder of this project and the Integrated D&D Demonstration Program can benefit from a joint effort, and the, overall costs should be reduced.


Stochastic renderers produce unbiased but noisy images of scenes that include the advanced camera effects of motion and defocus blur and possibly other effects such as transparency. We present a simple algorithm that selectively adds bias in the form of image space blur to pixels that are unlikely to have high frequency content in the final image. For each pixel, we sweep once through a fixed neighborhood of samples in front to back order, using a simple accumulation scheme. We achieve good quality images with only 16 samples per pixel, making the algorithm potentially practical for interactive stochastic rendering in the near future.


(With 4 Figures) (Acc. 11-XI-1992) Summary Although it is known that the young play an active role in the formation of mother-young attachment in ruminants, there is scant knowledge of how neonates identify their mothers. This research investigated the use of visual cues, particularly pelage pigmentation, in maternal recognition by domestic goat kids. Observations on the use of auditory cues were carried out secondarily. The findings of this study were: (1) The analysis of error patterns revealed that goat kids performed phenotype matching on the basis of pelage pigmentation when seeking their mothers in two- and six-choice tests, at a distance of 10 m. Presenting the kids with a choice between two females of the same colour resulted in more vacillation, and fewer kids were able to go to their mother directly than when the adults were of different colours. The phenomenon was not evident when the kids were 3 days old. Because it occurred at all other ages, regardless of whether the mother was absent, covered, or fully visible, colour-matching seems to be an important aspect of maternal recognition. (2) Visual cues were important for recognition, as evidenced by the performance of kids


Asana-XL and Karate applied to cotton with 2 flat fan nozzles, Spraying Systems Co. 8002E and 650033, were evaluated for mortality of TBW larvae and fruit damage. The 2 nozzles, which were selected to give different spray droplet spectrums, also delivered different spray rates. AI rates used in the study were 0.0168 and 0.014 kg/ha for Asana-XL and Karate, respectively. These rates, which are half of the lowest recommended rate for each pyrethroid, were used in the study to better-detect treatment differences and because preliminary studies indicated extended persistence of these pyrethroids in the greenhouse. Plants were grown in the greenhouse, 2 plants/pot, to average heights of 0.5 m. A susceptible strain of laboratory-reared TBW moths deposited eggs on paper towel strips. These strips, with emerging larvae, were placed on untreated cotton plants, and larvae were allowed to feed for 2 days before being used in the tests. The 2 spray treatments were applied in a spray table to a series of plants for subsequent application of larvae on selected DAT. The treated plants were then returned to the greenhouse. Characteristics of the spray plumes from the 2 nozzles in the test sections where the plants were placed for treatment were:


To the Editor:

In 2011, Bystrom et al. developed a top-down liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)1 assay for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) quantification (1). Using a similar method, Hines et al. subsequently reported a polymorphic IGF-1 variant, which they confirmed by DNA sequencing as A70T (2). Reports of other IGF-1 variants have involved isolated cases of patients in whom IGF-1 sequencing was performed because of a growth disorder. Known pathogenic IGF-1variants include V44M (3), R36Q (4), and R50W (5).

We report here a DNA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) database-guided LC-HRMS approach to detect IGF-1 variants during routine clinical analysis. Intact wild-type (WT) IGF-1 and its variants were detected in 7 charged cysteine reduced …


$B$ mesons are the lightest mesons which can decay to various final states containing baryons. The measurement and comparison of exclusive branching fractions of baryonic $B$ decays, as well as studies on the dynamic of the decay, may allow better understanding of baryon production in $B$ decays and, more generally, hadron fragmentation into baryons. We present here a search for the decay of a $B$ meson in four baryons, $B^0\rightarrow p p \bar{p} \bar{p}$. From the observation of $(10.4 \pm 4.3)$ signal events, we provide the upper limit $\mathcal{B}(B^0\rightarrow p p \bar{p} \bar{p}) <2 \times 10^{-7}$ at $90\%$ CL. The data set consists of about $470$ million $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.


The average height of a population has been recently taken as a good indicator of biological welfare, andtherefore of standards of living and economic development. This article provides the first available seriesfor Chile, providing the evolution of the average height of Chilean soldiers (male) born from the 1730sto the 1980s, using a sample of 6.200 individuals. This sample can be safely taken as a good proxy ofthe average height of Chilean male population for the period under study. Having analysed our data,our main conclusions are: (i) around mid-eighteenth century the average height of Chileans was ratherhigh if compared to Chile itself, as well as to other countries of the region and Europe; (ii) during thenineteenth century the average height of Chileans declined during a long spell, (iii) in the twentiethcentury there was an important increase in the average male height, but in the developed world heightincreased faster than in Chile.


A product management system provided with: specific information storing means (101), a plurality of which is arranged corresponding to product display locations (111) on a product display shelf (110); a product information storing means (102) for storing product information pertaining to a product (112) displayed on the product display shelf (110); a specific information reading means (103) for transmitting location-specific information read out from the specific information storing means (101); a product presence-or-absence status deciding means (104) for deciding whether or not a product (112) is present on the product display shelf (110) in accordance with a readout signal from the specific information storing means (101) either stopping or being lower than a fixed threshold; and a product information displaying means (105) for displaying product information in accordance with the result of the decision as to the presence or absence of the product (112). This makes it possible to monitor the arrangement status of products arranged on a product display shelf at low cost.


Rogue wave is a kind of surface gravity waves with much larger wave heights than expected in normal sea state. Since this extreme sea event always occurred in the areas with strong currents, the wave-current interaction was considered to be one of the physical mechanics of the formation of the rogue wave. Some breather type solutions of the NLS equation have been considered as prototypes of rogue waves in ocean which usually appears from smooth initial condition only with a certain disturbance. In this paper, we have numerically studied evolutionary process of the Peregrine breather rogue wave based on the current modified fourth order nonlinear Schrodinger equation (the CmNLS equation). During the generation and evolution of the Peregrine breather rogue wave, the effects of the steady current was investigated by comparing with the results without current. The differences of the focusing position/time were observed due to the current influence.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Joint conference of the 25th annual symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (PRASA), 6th Workshop on African Language Technology (AfLaT) and 7th Robotics and Mechatronics (RobMech) Conference of South Africa AH, Cape Town, 27 to 28 November 2014


This paper intends to develop suitable methods to provide likely scenarios in order to support decision making for slow dynamic processes such as the underlying of agribusiness. A new method to analyze the short- and long-term time series forecast and to model the behavior of the underlying process using nonlinear artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented. The algorithm can effectively forecast the time-series data by stochastic analysis (Monte Carlo) of its future behavior using fractional Gaussian noise (fGn). The algorithm was used to forecast country risk time series for several countries, both for short term that is 30 days ahead and long term 350 days ahead scenarios.


One of the defences within Part 3-5 of the Australian Consumer Law is the state of the art, or development risk defence. This defence, although significant, has often been neglected in Australian jurisprudential analysis and has triggered at most generic academic analysis. However, with the rise of pharmaceutical and medical device litigation in Australia, it could become a vital weapon for Australian manufacturers against product liability claims. This paper will firstly review the two ways this defence could operate. It will also discuss the three types of defects which the defence could apply to. This paper aims to determine exactly when and how this defence should apply in Australia, in the context of pharmaceutical product liability claims.


In • oat of the developing countries ~e gap in general development, standard of livint; and social conditions between urban and. industrial zones is widening. The richer regions beoome more and more wealthy, the poor regions poorer. This tendency leads on the one hand to an exaggerated exodus to the urban centres which exceeds the possibilities of these centres to absorb the manpower as well as to supply the newcoaere with. housing, utilities and social services. On the other bani, the livi~ conditions in maey r:ural areas as well as the ecological basis !or food production deteriorate because of excessive use of the natural resources, destruction of vegetative oover, lack of fertilizers, and erosion by wind and water. In many arid and su.barid regions the la.ck of fuel hu reached an alarming stage. In lilo11e extreme cases the proou.rement of :fuel to cook the food is more difficult and more expensive than the procurement of the f.ood i teelf. J.s the poor ~rural population depends exclusively on local energy sources, not only forests, trees and scrub are d.iaappearing and the soil is deprived of their protective influence, but also.other organic aatter, such as vegetable waste and anima~ dung is burned. 'l'he consequence i • a lack of organic matter for fertilization azn improvement of the agricultural soil• and a further reduction of their produotion potential® The reasons for the unequal.developaent are aanifold, b'at a large.part stems from inaufficient investment• in the rural area• and in many oases even a contiwoue capital drain from these regions toward the urban and industrial parts of the country. Preeent forest policy and use of forests a,s they a.re ourrentl:, applied in moat developing countries aim primarily at the mobilisation of the capital in mature or over-mature natural forests and in soae cases at the building up of large indu• trial plantations of fut growing species as raw material for wood-baaed i?ldu.• trie•• The paper shows that this policy ray well contribute to the overall developaent of the national eoonomy but is not adequate to fight against the trend of further i11poveriahaent of remote rural areas. A new diaension of forestry is ther~fore needed which oan contribute' to • tabilir.in« the natural foundations of food production and to atop or even,to reverse th!l!l i.llpoveriehaent of rural are&e. The so-called "Forestry for Local Co~ty Developaent" i • plie• a speoial type of forestry applied fort by or on behalf of a looal oo.-wrlty 11U0h u a village, a group of village• or a muaber of indivfd.ual eettleaente. The objeotive• of the manageaent of •uch forests are primarily the production of good~ and •ervioe• to oover the needs of the local coammity and their population. The input• in thi• fore• tl'7 are to co• e priaarily fro11 the local coamnity it•elf and e• peoially in th• fora of productive labour. 'D>.e principle• of forestry for looal oo-.mity developaent apply in the oue where tree cover bu partly or oo•pletely dis~ppeared and ha• to be re-eata'blished by plantation u well u in the oase where settleaents a.re •till 8'UTQunded by foN• ta, hedge• azn i • olated trees bu1 where the objeotivee of the 1118.lJ&ge• ent and treatment of thia


Organisms synthesize stress proteins in response to a variety of stressors. The 68/70-kDa proteins (synonymous to the 72/73-kDa proteins) have shown to be the most promising stress proteins, and have been proposed as a biomarker of general organismal stress. The 68/70-kDa proteins were used in an antigen/antibody based approach to determine the duration of the stress protein response of Pimephales promelas following an acute exposure to copper sulphate.


Appropriate and timely management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction is a major challenge in developing countries due to inadequate infrastructure and trained manpower. The TN-STEMI Program was a successful STEMI system of care that was run in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Lessons learnt from this programme could help to understand the challenges and provide solutions to running similar programmes in low- and middle-income countries.


The present paper is inserted in the context of the research project "Towards an anticipatory governance system" financed from the Italian Programme PRIN (project of relevant national interest). This project aims at introducing the framework of anticipatory governance within the Italian public administration and to test them in a real case study. The present paper aims at presenting the case of a public administration oriented towards development policies from a sustainability perspective, namely the Port System Authority of the Eastern Adriatic Sea in Trieste (Italy). The results are developed looking at: the foresight awareness within a complex public organization and the sustainability orientation, that are investigated by two perspectives (technical and socio-political). We contributed to build an anticipatory governance system for the Port Authority with the aim of imagining, modelling and therefore building a medium-long term vision of the future on two main themes: digitalization and energy.


[1] The gravity wave (GW) characteristics over Maui from 2002 to 2007 are deduced from OH airglow imager. The dominant horizontal wavelength falls between 15 and 30 km. Intrinsic phase speeds are mainly in the range of 50–100 m s−1. Observed phase speeds are mainly in the range of 20–70 m s−1. Intrinsic wave periods are mostly below 30 min with the majority clusters around 5–15 min. For intrinsic wave period larger than 5 min, as wave period increases, the number of wave events decreases. Observed wave periods fall in the range of 8–20 min. The vertical wavelength distribution peaks between 20 and 30 km and falls rapidly as wavelength decreases. GWs propagating against (along) background wind are Doppler shifted to a higher (lower) frequency, larger (smaller) vertical wavelength, and decreased (enhanced) chance of observation. During all seasons Doppler shifting is part of the explanation as to why the majority of observed GWs propagate against the background wind. The preferentially poleward or equatorward propagation of GWs during summer or winter observed by airglow imagers at Maui can be explained by the effects of critical layer filtering, ducting, and Doppler shifting. In March, when critical layer filtering effects are not important, Doppler shifting and ducting play dominant roles in determining preferred zonal propagation direction. In December, ducting and wave source location predominantly determine wave propagation direction. Momentum flux deduced from OH imager is also highly anticorrelated with background wind on both seasonal and diurnal time frames. Momentum flux is highly modulated by tidal wind. Waves with shorter vertical wavelengths have much smaller power in GW spectra. OH imager may capture the majority of momentum flux of high-frequency GW spectra through the airglow layer.


Preparation of Nd~(3+)∶Gd_3Ga_5O_(12)(Nd:GGG) polycrystalline material by sol-gel method was presented.The structure and pattern of the sample were analyzed by TG-DTA,infrared spectrum,XRD,TEM and electron spectrum,which indicated that the powder sized 70-100nm with good characteristics can be obtained by sintering at 1000℃.


A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station (AICRP on Palms), Kahikuchi of Assam Agricultural University for three consecutive years (2018-20) to study the initial performance of cocoa clones as intercrop in adult coconut (Cocos nucifera L) garden spaced at 7.5 m × 7.5 m taking sixteen cocoa clones. Data on tree height, stem girth, number of pods, pod weight, number of beans pod-1, dry bean weight tree-1 year-1 and single dry bean weight revealed significant variations among the 16 cocoa clones. Dried beans are the prime economic produce of cocoa, and single dry bean weight ranged from 0.95 to 1.4 g. With respect to dry bean yield tree-1, VTLC-20 recorded a significantly higher dry bean yield of 2.2 kg tree-1 followed by VTLC-18 (1.5 kg tree-1) compared to other cocoa clones, and eight clones yielded more than 1.0 kg dry bean tree-1. Results showed that the number of leaves on the crown, number of inflorescences per palm and nut yield of coconut was not negatively affected; rather, there was an increase in the yield of coconut over a period.


Purpose: To evaluate the effect of pigmentation on threshold fluence levels, needed to produce visible and angiographic lesions, of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in rabbits. Methods: Six pigmented and nine nonpigmented rabbits underwent TTT with an 810‐nm diode laser coupled to a slit‐lamp biomicroscope using a spot size of 2 or 3 mm. The power ranged from 80 to 200 mW with 1 to 3 minutes of laser exposure for pigmented rabbits and 750 to 1800 mW with 1 minute of exposure for albino rabbits. These parameters were also evaluated after compression of the globe using the contact lens to induce blanching of the optic nerve head. After the experiment, the eyes were enucleated under deep anesthesia, and the animals were killed immediately. Results: In pigmented rabbits, the threshold fluence with the 2‐mm spot size was 229 J/cm2 without compression and 153 J/cm2 with compression. With the 3‐mm spot size, the threshold decreased from 200 to 150 mW as the duration of exposure lengthened (2 or 3 minutes), increasing the fluence from 170 to 382 J/cm2. In nonpigmented rabbits, the threshold fluence with the 2‐mm spot size was 2,865 J/cm2 without compression and 2,674 J/cm2 with compression. With the 3‐mm spot size, the threshold fluence of 1,528 J/cm2 was not affected by compression. Histopathologic studies showed transretinal damage at the lowest levels necessary to achieve angiographic evidence of a treatment lesion or a barely visible funduscopic lesion at the time of treatment. Conclusions: Nonpigmented rabbits required more than a 12‐fold increase in total TTT fluence compared with pigmented rabbits with the 2‐mm spot size and a ninefold increase with the 3‐mm spot size. Inner and outer retinal damage was seen histopathologically at these levels.


Introduction:
 With increasing disease recognition and widespread availability of genetic testing, it is important to characterize the clinical outcomes and prognosis among familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients with stage D heart failure requiring a mechanical circulatory support device (MCSD). INTERMACS (INTEragency Registry for Mechanical Assisted Circulatory Devices) was examined to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of familial DCM patients who received an MCSD.

 Methods:
 DCM patients who received an MCSD between June 2005-December 2017 were classified according to their etiology. The primary outcome was death (with heart transplant as a competing risk) and the secondary outcome was heart transplant (with death as a competing risk). Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to assess the risk of study outcomes across DCM etiologies.

 Results:
 Among 19,928 DCM patients, 8,622 (43.3%), 7,091 (35.6%), 568 (2.9%), and 3,647 (18.3%) had ischemic DCM, idiopathic DCM, familial DCM, and DCM due to other causes respectively. Familial DCM patients had the lowest median age at implantation [46 (34, 56) years] compared with other DCM etiologies. Bridge to transplant was the most common device strategy (78.4%) in the familial DCM group (45.6% were listed and an additional 32.8% were eligible for a heart transplant). Familial DCM patients had the lowest adverse events of bleeding, device thrombosis, infection, and respiratory failure post-MCSD implantation. Over a median follow-up of 1.0 (0.4, 2.0) years, familial DCM patients had the lowest risk of death [HR
 adj
 : 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55-0.83)] and the highest likelihood of heart transplantation [HR
 adj
 : 1.47 (95% CI: 1.28-1.69)] compared with the other DCM groups.

 Conclusions:
 Among DCM patients receiving MCSDs, familial DCM patients had the lowest adverse events, the lowest risk of death, and the highest likelihood of heart transplantation, compared with other DCM etiologies.


During the model design,the designer need to model some important model parts,because it is in accordance with the characteristics of components,so it takes a lot of time,and it is still a risk to modeling based on feature,because it can not control the data association between components.This article presents the modeling method during the design mold parts,introduction the technology of OOP,from the separate parts original to the development of unified modeling,and data association between the components are automatically processed,use the slider system to explain it.The introduction of modeling OOP technology can improve the efficiency and accuracy of modeling design.


Background: Open appendectomy is standardized among surgeons and is usually completed using a small right lower quadrant incision and postoperative recovery is usually uneventful. It is the most common general surgical procedure performed all-over the world. And the most common intra-abdominal surgical emergency, with a lifetime risk of 6%. Aim of the study: To compare the clinical outcomes between laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Materials and method: The present study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery. Melmaruvathur adhi parasakthi institute of medical sciences. Melmaruvathur during the period.January 2018 to December 2018. For the study, we retrospectively viewed the medical records of patients aged 18 years or more with acute appendicitis who underwent Laparoscopic appendectomy and were compared to patients who underwent open appendectomy. A total of 100 patients (50 each for LA and OA) were selected. The analysis of preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative parameters was done and was compared. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients underwent Laparoscopic appendectomy and 50 underwent open appendectomy. The Male/Female ratio in LA and OA group was 28/22 and 29/21 respectively. The mean age of patients in LA group was 58.1+3.2 years and in OA group was 63.2+3.1. The mean body weight of LA and OA group was 58.2+5.2 Kg and 60.9+3.1 kg respectively. The mean operative time period for LA was 120 minutes and for OA was 130 minutes. Blood loss more than 500 mL was seen in 8 patient for LA and 11 patients for OA. The nasogastric tube was employed in all patients in LA and 12 patients in OA. The mean postoperative stay after completion of procedure was 4.8 days for LA and 8.8 days for OA. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy is safer procedure in comparison to open appendectomy. The postoperative stay at hospital was shorter with Laparoscopic appendectomy.


The peak of the C wave in the left atrial pressure (L.A.P.) curve seems to correspond with the closing snap of the mitral valve. This peak, in the few cases stuidied, occturred after the crossover of left atrial and ventricular pressure cturves. The first heart sound is not always delayed in mitral stenosis. The delay, when it occurs, may be related mainly to the degree of f.Iling of the left ventricle. Position and degree of mobility of the valve also influence this delay. The first heart sound is apparently niot delayed, if significant insufficiency is added to stenosis. The first part of the Y descent in the L.A.P. curve, in both pure mitral stenosis and mixed stenosis with insufficiency, takes place before the opening of the A-V valve. Estimations of the degree of stenosis, made by measuring the rate of Y decline, may therefore be inaccurate. Phonocardiography may therefore be anI aid in establishing the diagniosis and degree of severity of mitral stenosis. It may also help in differentiating it from insufficiency and in estimating the degree of filling of the left ventricle.


The thermotolerant yeast strain WHCZ with good fermentation characteristic for distiller's grains and solubles of Cassava was isolated by enrichment culture method.The strain WHCZ was classified as Candida tropicalis by identification of morphological,physiological,biochemical,and molecular biology methods The amino acid analysis showed that the total amino acids and essential amino acids of the strain WHCZ were higher than Candida utilis 1807.The results of fermentation for distiller's grains and solubles of Cassava show that the COD removal efficiency of the strain WHCZ was higher than that of the strain 1807.The crude protein content of distiller's grains of Cassava was increased to 19.6% from original 12.48% which raised 57.77% by fermentation of the strain WHCZ at 33℃ shaking culture for 24h.


Objective: Environmental issues and their negative consequenc es are important problems of our time. Many health problems are associated with these issues. U niversity students, who constitute an important pop ulation in society, are required to show conscious and positiv e attitudes towards the environment. The aim of thi s study was to evaluate the relationship between environmen tal consciousness and behaviors of university stude nts. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consists of 280 students. The stratification sampling method used and data were collected with a 'Socio-Demograp hic Data Form', 'The Consumer Environmental Consciousness Perception Scale' and the 'Behavior S cale for Environmental Problems'. Mean, percentage, ttests, variance analysis (One-Way ANOVA), pearson c orrelation analysis, and multiple regression analys is were used in the analysis. Results: Female's, students 24 years of age, non-smokers an d no -alcohol users, those who had environmental education, and members of any environmental organiz ation demonstrated higher environmental consciousne ss and associated behaviors. It was found that while u niversity students' consumption consciousness and b ehaviors towards environmental problems were positive (r=0.0 58, p>0.05) and the scores on the subdimensions of environmental consciousness explained 16.8% of envi ro mental behavior. Conclusions: Environmental consciousness has an impact on behav ioral change and universities are also responsible for raising students as environmentally responsible individuals.


Generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) which is also referred as multiprotocol lambda switching, supports devices that not only perform packet switching but also the devices that perform switching in domains of time, wavelength and space. This document provides the comparative analysis of the routing protocols involved in GMPLS networks. Open shortest path first (OSPF) and intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS) are the routing protocols being used in GMPLS for intra domain communications. We compare these protocols in terms of their basic features, traffic engineering (TE) extensions and enhancements provided in these protocols for support of GMPLS.


In order to improve the travel inducing ability in the foggy area of expressway and reduce the accident rate, the effect and the demand of fog on the expressway were analyzed. Then the design theory of travel inducing was studied, including the various components. Finally, the Example were analyzed, the setting and achieving technology were applied in Beng Huai Expressway. The results indicate that, the travel inducing technology solve the problem of traffic safety well in fog, and bring a good socioeconomic benefits.


Air dryer assembly comprising: a dryer manifold having a sealing surface or surface and having a plurality of orientation or alignment pins or crayons which are disposed thereon; a canister or container, which is connectable to the manifold; and a mounting bracket having a recess, said recess having a set of recessed areas which are positioned to receive the registration pin.


Chemical Bond material was one of abstract concept that made a Chemistry Teacher should always correct and innovates his or her learning method. The researcher found out that the low students' achievement on chemical bond material at grade X MIPA 1 SMAN 6 Kerinci was caused by the implementation of conventional method towards conceptual comprehension. Animated example non example learning was one of scientific method which was regarded appropriate to be used in teaching chemical bond lesson. This research aimed at figuring out whether or not the implementation of Example non Example learning method using animation could improve the students' conceptual comprehension and the cognitive achievement at grade X MIPA1 SMAN 6 Kerinci Academic year 2021/2022. The research participants were the students at grade X MIPA 1 SMAN 6 Kerinci, first semester in academic year 2021/2022. The result of the research showed that the students' cognitive achievement at grade X MIPA 1 SMAN 6 Kerinci who were taught by using animated example no example learning method improved significantly. It could be seen that theaverage score75,18 And the average score was 81,96. In conclusion, the implementation of animated example non example improved the students' cognitive achievement at grade X MIPA 1 SMAN 6 Kerinci significantly.


In recent years, malignant tumors have become the number one major disease that seriously endangers health and causes death. The main methods for the treatment of malignant tumors are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have the disadvantages of poor specificity and damage to the immune function of the body. Therefore, the preparation of anti-cancer active ingredients with low toxicity and good efficacy can protect and improve the immune function of tumor patients. In particular, it is of great significance to improve the cellular immune function of patients and to reduce the toxic and side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for preventing the occurrence of tumors and improving the therapeutic effect of tumors. A large number of studies have shown that polysaccharides can enhance immune function and anti-tumor effects. Plant polysaccharides from different sources have different mechanisms. Different polysaccharides are formulated into a mixed preparation according to a certain ratio. After entering the body, the anti-tumor and anti-radiation effects of the body will be improved through different approaches, and the mechanism of action will be explored, which will provide important experimental basis for clinical treatment of tumor patients.


Introduction : Thyroid dysfunction stands as the second most common endocrine disease after diabetes mellitus. National reports on its prevalence are meagre. Hence, the study was conducted with the objective of exploring the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among hospital patients of hilly region of Nepal. Methods : A hospital based, retrospective, analytical study was conducted in the department of biochemistry, Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital (LMCTH) from 15th February 2017 to 30th April 2017. The hospital records of patients from March 2014 to mid-February 2017 with suspected thyroid dysfunction and presented from different departments of hospital were reviewed. Data was entered in Excel 2007 and analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-21). Necessary descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done. P value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results : Out of 3136 subjects, 601 (19.2%) were male and 2535 (80.8%) were female with F:M ratio of 4.2:1. Female were more likely to be suspected of thyroid dysfunction. Mean age of male was 39.28 years ( SD = 19.01) and that of female was 39.60 years ( SD = 14.63). Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 23.31%. Correlation of log 10 TSH with age showed a significant relation ( r = -0.05, p = 0.003). Age group and thyroid function category among female patients was found to be statistically significant ( p = 0.01). Conclusion : The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high in Tansen region, a hilly mid-west Nepal. Female above 40 yrs (post reproductive age) and male above 60 yrs (elderly group) were more prone to thyroid disorders. Also, the study revealed that younger people are more likely to be euthyroid whereas as age advances, people are likely to be either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid. These findings can be a guide for elaborative research in thyroid disorder in future. Journal of Lumbini medical College Vol 5, No 1, Jan-June 2017 Pages 29-33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22502/jlmc.v5i1.118


There is three functional areas of electrical utility namely Generation, Transmission and Distribution. Out of three functional areas of Electrical utility, the distribution sector needs more attention and it is difficult to standardize due to its complexity. Transmission & Distribution loss in India has been consistently on the higher in the range of 30-40 percent. Out of these losses, major share is at Distribution level. This is due to inadequate investments for system improvement works. This project proposes an efficient approach to reduce active power loss in transmission line. The algorithms are used based on simple heuristic rules and modified genetic algorithm for reconfiguration of radial distribution system. To demonstrate the validity of the used algorithms, computer simulation is carried out on 33 bus distribution system and comparisons of results are done.


Many functional properties of perovskite oxides, ABO3, have a close relationship with their subtle structures, especially, the distortions of BO6 octahedra. As perovskite oxide heterostructures offer a good platform for controlling functional properties, it is important to understand the coupling between strain and oxygen octahedral distortions across the interface. Here, we study the coupling between the interfacial strain and oxygen octahedral distortions in GdScO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) with sub-Angstrom resolution and complementary first-principle calculation. Our results reveal that the shape rather than tilting angle of octahedra is strongly modified by the interfacial strain. These results would conduct us to deeply understand the strain-octahedral distortion coupling mechanism, and tune functionalities of perovskite oxide thin film in a more elaborate way which is related to the geometry of cation–oxygen bond.


Based an emperical teaching of Basic Writing which compares the product approach with the process genre approach,this study explores the impact of those two teaching methods upon students' writing strategies and writing competence with a qualitative and quantitative analysis.The findings indicates a more frequent and wider application of writing strategies is found in the experiment classes with the process genre approach.The contrastive analysis of the pre-test and post-test also reveales that the experiment groups have achieved a more significant progress in their writing competence.Process genre approach seems to be more helpful in facilitating a comprehensive use of writing strategies,strengthening the awareness of revision,boosting a flexible application of genre knowledge,and arousirs the interest in the cooperative generation of ideas and peer evaluation in the experiment groups.


The invention provides a texturing and cleaning method for improving the battery conversion efficiency. The texturing and cleaning method includes the first step of carrying out pre-cleaning, the second step of carrying out pure water cleaning, the third step of carrying out alkali liquor texturing, and forming an even pyramid texture on the surface of a silicon wafer, the fourth step of carrying out pure water overflow, the fifth step of carrying out hydrofluoric acid processing to remove an silicon dioxide layer on the surface of the silicon wafer, the sixth step of carrying out the pure water overflow to clean out residual liquor on the surface of the silicon wafer in the fifth step, the seventh step of carrying out hydrochloric acid processing, and the eighth step of carrying out the pure water overflow to clean residual liquor on the surface of the silicon wafer in the seventh step, wherein ultrasonic wave vibration is adopted in the pre-cleaning process in the first step. According to the texturing and cleaning method, the hydrochloric acid processing on a wash trough is carried out before the hydrofluoric acid processing, metal ions can be effectively eliminated, and the conversion efficiency of solar batteries can be improved by 0.2%-0.3%. The texturing and cleaning method is simple and easy to operate, the process is simple, and the conversion efficiency of the solar batteries can be effectively improved.


Subject. A scientific trend in the academic environment is a doctrine of the formation of an information field on grant activities. The wide use of various information sources and the lack of unified approach to information and methodological support to the economic analysis of grant utilization in universities require a thorough study of the issue and development of proposals for grouping and using the information on grants.
Objectives. The study aims to develop a concept of information generation on grant activities in educational institutions and determine the content of information base during grant project implementation as the basis for economic analysis.
Methods. We rely on reviews of relevant academic and periodical economic literature in the field of scientific and theoretical provisions and practical developments of information support to economic analysis and evaluation of research grant utilization efficiency. Methods employed include generalization, systematization, and grouping.
Results. We developed a concept of the formation of information environment for grant process subjects. The paper presents our own definition of subjects of grant activity and recommends a structure of information space for grant projects, including individual elements and their content disclosure.
Conclusions. The generation of information for conducting economic analysis and evaluating the effectiveness of grant activities conceptually depends on the data grouped by grant process subject. The information space is divided into separate components, their content enables to determine the key positions of economic analysis of grant funding.


RESPECT THE INVENTION SYSTEM RETROFIT KIT TRANSMISSION GEAR. A DRIVE GEAR 2 meshes with a pinion 6 CALE LEADS ON A TREE AND ASSOCIATED 5 TWO-8 AND 10 OF LYING BOTH SIDES. WHEELS ARE RELATED GEAR 6 BY PLOTS BANDS 13 AND 13 SUBJECT TO PRESTRESSING PROVIDING AN ANGLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GEAR 6 AND WHEELS 8 AND 10. SUCH DEVICE MAY APPLICATIONS PARTICULARLY IN THE GEAR.


Impulse-based ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, notably unlicensed UWB systems operating across or within 3.1–10.6 GHz, are unique systems possessing many desired characteristics, owing to the transmission and reception of only a single signal having pulse waveform at all times, rather than multiple consecutive CW signals having sinusoidal waveform at different times as in CW-based systems. This unique operation is equivalent to transmitting and receiving many CW signals across an extremely broad bandwidth concurrently. A UWB impulse system can hence be considered to some extent as electrically equivalent to multiple CW systems, each operating at a single frequency in an ultra-wide bandwidth, working simultaneously. It is this unique operation that makes the UWB impulse systems distinctly different from the UWB CW systems, not only in the design and performance, but also in applications. The three most important subsystems in a UWB impulse system, as in any other RF systems, are the UWB transmitter, receiver, and antenna. Silicon-based Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) RFICs plays a dominant role in realizing miniature low-cost and low-power consumption single-chip RF systems, which are particularly essential for portable or hand-held implementations. CMOS single-chip RFIC transmitters and receivers are especially needed for advanced miniature UWB impulse systems. This book is devoted to the design of CMOS RFIC UWB impulse transmitters and receivers and their components for UWB impulse systems. Specifically, it addresses three main topics of UWB impulse transmitters and receivers: CMOS UWB transmitter design, CMOS UWB receiver design, and UWB uniplanar antenna design. The book also describes the actual design, simulation, fabrication and measurement of these subsystems, which can readily be integrated together to realize UWB impulse systems for potential applications in communications and sensing. Although the book is succinct, the material is very much self-contained and contains practical, valuable and sufficient information presented in such a way that allows readers with undergraduate background in electrical engineering or physics, with some experiences or graduate courses in RF circuits, to understand and design


As the heterogeneity of the underlying network of DTN,so DTN routing mechanism is complex and different from the existing network.Epidemic routing is based on flooding,because of its broadcast properties,network vulnerable to congestion,based on the utility of the single-copy routing mechanism has small overhead, but which delivered ratio is low and has large delay.In this paper,according to these two routing mechanism,combined with early packet generated should make every effort to deliver,propose a routing based alterable utility mechanism.Use ONE emulator simulated Epidemic routing mechanism,PRoPHET routing mechanism, Spray and Wait routing mechanism,and alterable utility-based routing mechanism.The result shows that the alterable utility-based routing mechanism do good performance at delivery rate and average delay.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for carrying out the ultrasonic procedure for object having a target surface. The method includes the steps of providing an ultrasonic probe having a sound wave emission end portion. Pad for transmitting the acoustic waves between the target surface of the ultrasonic probe and the object are also prepared. Pad includes a first layer having a first porous portion, the first porous portion defines the first layer pores therethrough. The first layer pores having a first layer pore size. Pad further comprises a second layer having a first porous portion, the first porous portion defines the second layer pores therethrough. The second layer pores having a second layer pore size. The second layer attached to the first layer, thus defining a space between them. The first porous portion of the first layer overlaps the first porous portion of the second layer. Some defined space between the first layer and the second layer are arranged ultrasound couplant. Ultrasonic couplant has substantially equal to or smaller molecular size in the first layer pore size, the molecular size is approximately equal to or less to the second layer pores sizes. The method further contact the first porous portion of the second layer placing in contact with the target surface, the wave emission end portion of the ultrasonic probe with the first porous portion of the first layer and placing by. Then activating the ultrasound probe.


Postoperative progression of prostatic cancer (PC) after radical prostatectomy (RPE) may be caused by a residual tumor that is suggested by the presence of tumor cells in the resection positive surgical edge (PSE), regional and distant metastases. Objective . To reveal the preoperative prognostic factors of PSE occurrence during retropubic RPE in patients with clinically localized PC. Subjects and methods. The incidence of PSE was analyzed in 288 PC patients treated with retropubic RPE between November 1997 and May 2006. The correlation between the results of transrectal multifocal prostatic biopsy and the incidence of PSE was assessed. Results . PSE was detected in 87 (30.2%) of the 288 patients. Single and multiple PSEs were found in 70 (80.5%) and 17 (19.5%) patients, respectively. The commonest site of PSE was the posterolateral prostate surface [n = 26 (37.1%)]. In males who had less than 30.0% positive biopsies, PSE was diagnosed in 10.4% of cases. With the positive columns exceeding 30.0%, it was revealed in 52.5% of cases. In patients with PSE, the mean maximum tumor amount in the biopsy specimen was 84.8% (84.8±5.2%). PSE was detected in 71.1% of the patients with a Gleason grade of 7 or more, whereas in patients with lower grades, it was found in 19.9%. In the groups of patients with positive and negative surgical edges, perineural invasion was identified in 63 (73.3%) and 12 (5.9%) cases, respectively. In patients with PSE, the signs of capsular tumor invasion were detected in 58 (67.4%) cases and in those without PSE it was present in 20 (9.95%) cases only. Conclusion . The incidence of PSE during retropubic RPE was associated with a number of positive columns of over 30.0%, the tumor amount in the biopsy specimen of more than 80.0%, a Gleason grade of 7 or more, capsular and perineural invasion.


The admission control unit proposed by the standard IEEE 802.11e admits traffic streams (TSs) according to their traffic specifications (TSPECs). It allocates transmission opportunities (TXOPs) to TSs based on mean data rate and minimum physical rate. The reference admission control fails to adopt to fluctuations in physical channel condition. In this paper, we present an adaptive admission control scheme (AAC) that accommodates the changes in the channel conditions which subsequently allocates more accurate TXOPs to different TSs. This adaptation helps the AAC scheme admit more TSs. The performance of the proposed admission control is evaluated and compared with the standard admission control defined by the standard. Simulation results show that the proposed AAC scheme outperforms the standard scheme in terms of achieving lower blocking probability of admitting streams and reducing the packet dropping ratio.


The switching and dielectric properties of a room temperature bicomponent antiferroelectric liquid crystal mixture have been investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. Thermodynamic, optical texture, and dielectric studies carried out on the mixture show the phase sequence of Cr←(12.0 °C)→SmIA∗←(29.1 °C)→SmCA∗←(91.5 °C)→SmC∗←(92.9 °C)→SmA∗←(106.7 °C)→Iso. Spontaneous polarization (Ps), switching time (ts), and torsional bulk viscosity (γϕ) have been determined by using polarization reversal method. Dielectric spectroscopy of the mixture in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz–10 MHz reveals, eight different modes of relaxation in the paraelectric SmA∗, ferroelectric SmC∗, antiferroelectric SmCA∗ and SmIA∗ phases. Origins of these modes have been identified with the help of frequency, temperature, and bias electric field dependence of various dielectric parameters.


Background: Taxane-based chemotherapy has been associated with an increased risk of radiation pneumonitis in patients with breast cancer. To obtain additional informa-tion about this association, we investigated the association between paclitaxel chemotherapy and radiation pneumonitis in patients participating in a phase III randomized study. Methods: Five hundred and twenty-four breast cancer patients were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive either four cycles of paclitaxel followed by four cycles of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (FAC) or eight cycles of FAC. One hundred and eighty-nine of these patients (100 in the paclitaxel–FAC group and 89 in the FAC group) subsequently underwent radiation therapy in our institution and had medical records available to review for pulmonary symptoms. In addition, a radiologist who was unaware of the type of treatment scored chest x-ray changes after radiation treatment. Crude rates of radiation pneumonitis were compared with chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and actuarial rates were assessed with Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: No difference in the rate of clinically relevant radiation pneumonitis was observed between the two groups (5.0% in the paclitaxel–FAC group versus 4.5% in the FAC group; difference (cid:1) 0.5%, 95% CI (cid:1) –6.6% to 5.5%; P (cid:1) 1.00). Oral steroids for pneumonitis were taken by two patients in the paclitaxel–FAC


Vitamin D is one of the fat-soluble vitamins that have a great role in phosphate and calcium balance and bone structure. To our knowledge, there are limited data on the relation between dietary pattern and serum vitamin d concentration. Therefore, the aim of the current study is find out whether, there are any associations between serum vitamin D and with any specific dietary pattern. A cross sectional study was implemented in Baxshen hospital in order to find the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relation with dietary pattern among healthy participants. 1131 participants were enrolled in the current study male and female with age 18 – 65 years old, living in Sulaimani city and its districts have not used any supplement in the past 6 months before enrolling the study.  Two questionnaires were used for collecting of data, the first one was included demographical data of the participants. Including their age, gender, marital status, educational level, address, and etc. The second one was data on dietary pattern; particularly we focused on some vitamin D dietary sources. A three-day dietary records estimate was taken from the patients and this data were coded and put in dietary software (windiet) and then analyzed. The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 65 years old with the mean of 34.34 years old with a standard deviation of 12.6. One hundred sixty-two (14.3%) of the 1131 participants were female, nine hundred sixty-nine (85.7%) of the participants were male. 65.5 % of them exposure to sun less than 30, 34.5% exposure to sun more than half hour. About 84.6% of participants had severe deficiency of vitamin D and 6.9% of participants had adequate vitamin D. Fish, eggs and yogurt conception was common among those participants whom their serum vitamin D was adequate, in contrary, there were less consumed among those who had vitamin D deficiency.  The percentage of obese (99.8%) was significantly higher than normal weight and overweight among severe deficiency Vitamin D. Furthermore, a highly percentage of adequate was (93.6%) in the normal weight. The mean of vitamin D intake was 761 ± 195.65 IU, in normal weight group, and the mean of vitamin d intake was 125.98 ± 53.15 IU, in obese group. This study has concluded that the reach Dietary sources of vitamin D is not enough to provide the body adequate amount of vitamin D, in addition, Obese and overweight individuals tend to have less serum vitamin D status compared to normal weight individuals and finally recommended daily amount of vitamin d intake should be established for Kurdistan people.


The word Library has been derived from the Latin word "Libraria" which means a place where books and other reading materials are stored. According to the Oxford English Dictionary "Library is a building, room or set of rooms, containing a collection of books for the use for the public or of some particular portion of it, or of the members of some society, or the like; a public institution or establishment, charged with the care of a collection of books, and the duty of rendering the books accessible to those who required to use them"(Oxford English Dictionary, 1933).


Previous research has shown that greater intakes of dietary folate are associated with reduced risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism (FOCM) also may be involved in altering CRC risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of folate intake (and intakes of related dietary components such as methionine), 35 SNPs in three FOCM pathway genes (MTHFD1, MTHFR, and TYMS), and their interactions on CRC risk in a population‐based case‐control study in Pennsylvania (686 cases, 740 controls). Diet and supplement use was assessed for the year before diagnosis or interview for cases and controls, respectively, with a modified Diet History Questionnaire from the National Cancer Institute. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Using a dominant model for the variant allele, several SNPs were significantly associated with CRC including MTHFD1 rs8003379 (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.00−2.73) and rs17824591 (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.14−3.41) and the TYMS rs2853533 SNP (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.05−1.80). Using a nondominant model, the AA genotype for MTHFR rs1476413 exhibited a marginally significant (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.00−2.44) association with CRC. Two TYMS SNPs (rs16948305 and rs495139) exhibited significant (P = 0.024 and P = 0.040, respectively) gene‐diet interactions with folate intake. One MTHFD1 (P = 0.019) and one MTHFR (P = 0.042) SNP exhibited gene‐diet interactions with methionine intake. These findings suggest that allelic variants in genes involved in FOCM interact with dietary factors including folate and methionine to modify risk for CRC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In the present study, laser welding was carried out with CO2 laser on a 2 mm thick aluminum alloy (6061-T6) sheet to study laser weldability of this heat-treatable aluminum alloy. Screening experiments were performed initially to enumerate the power density requirement for proper coupling of the laser with the material. Bead on plate experiments were conducted to recognize situation under which stable keyhole and welds with minimum defects (porosity and cracks) can be produced. Recognized process window (3 kW power, 4 m/min welding speed, and 18 L/min Helium flow rate) obtained from initial trial was used in butt welding experiment and the resulted weld was characterized by macroscopic and microscopic observation, microhardness study, and tensile test. The microstructure reveals porosity and crack-free welds and hardness data confirmed presence of heat-affected zone (HAZ) and huge drop in overall hardness after welding. After post-weld treatment (aging treatment), the hardness was increased marginally, but base hardness could not be achieved. Thermal profile experienced by the material during welding was calculated and it revealed that the mechanical properties of the material decreased due to temperature experienced by the material lead to loss of aging properties of the material.


In order to more reasonable analyze the dynamic reliability of aero-engine blade with coupling failure mode. A fuzzy intelligent multiple extremum response surface method (FIMERSM) was proposed. Considering the coupling effect of temperature load and centrifugal load, the maximum stress point, the maximum strain point and the minimum life point on blade were found by deterministic analysis. Then, the density of blade, rotor speed, elastic modulus, blade-tip temperature, blade-root temperature, fatigue strength coefficient, fatigue strength exponent, fatigue ductility coefficient, fatigue ductility exponent, blade width, blade thickness, blade torsion angle, and blade height as input random variables. By using Latin hypercube sampling technique, the sample values of the input random variables were acquired and finite element basic equation was calculated for each samples which obtained the corresponding dynamic output response of their stress, strain, and low cycle fatigue life within the analysis time domain. By taking the entire maximum values of the dynamic output response in the analysis time domain as new output response, the fuzzy intelligent multiple extremum response surface function (FIMERSF) was established. Finally, the dynamic reliability of the blade structure were obtained by using the Monte Carlo method (MCM) large amount linkage sampling of the input random variables and take it into the FIMERSF to calculate the output response. The results imply that the comprehensive reliability of blade is 99.46%. Through the comparison of MCM, Multiple extremum response surface method (MERSM) and FIMERSM, the computational results show that the FIMERSM has high computational precision and computational efficiency. Introduction Turbine blade, as an important component of aero-engine, bears complex failure modes such as stress, strain and low-cycle fatigue, and subjected to heavy loads such as high temperature, high pressure and high revolving speed. Therefore, it is important to analyze the reliability of turbine blade [1]. The classical reliability analysis method has been studied extensively [2-4]. Among them, the Response surface method (RSM) is fast and certain precision, and it widely used in the field of reliability analysis. HuYun et al. [5] calculated the reliability of gear by RSM with consideration the effects of elasto hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) on contact fatigue reliability of gear. Some scholars have improved the response surface 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 03B52.


The invention discloses a block effect removing method based on block effect detection. The method includes: using the information of a former frame and a post frame in the video sequence during upon block effect detection, which can accurately detect the block effect and effectively avoid false detection and leak detection; using a down-sampling four-step method to match the block search algorithm, greatly improving the search speed, and using the former frame and the post frame as reference frames which not only overcomes the 'shelter' and 'exposure' effect, but also makes the detected block effect to be more accurately by using inter-frame information; adopting block effect intensity self-adapting smoothing function to effectively remove the block effect. The invention only performing block effect removing process to the image content in which block effect exists in the video, thereby better maintaining the visual quality and peak signal-noise ratio PSNR of digital video.


When nanometer scale holes (diameters of 50 to a few hundred nm) are imaged in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at pressures in the 10{sup -5} to 10{sup -6} torr range, hydrocarbon deposits built up and result in the closing of holes within minutes of imaging. Additionally, electron beam deposition of material from a gas source allows the closing of holes with films of platinum or TEOS oxide. In an instrument equipped both with a focused ion beam (FIB), and an SEM, holes can be formed and then covered with a thin film to form nanopores with controlled openings, ranging down to only a few nanometers.


Based on the status quo of the application of ionic liquids and their electrochemical window, a large number of electrochemical window data from domestic and foreign research sources of ionic liquids are summarized, including chloroaluminate systems, imidazolium, quaternary ammonium salts, etc. The electrochemical windows of ionic liquids depend on their cations and anions, working electrodes and reference electrodes. Through analyzing the above factors, it is obtained that the cathodic limiting potential of ionic liquids decreases in the following order: ammonium ≈ phosphonium pyrrolidinium piperidinium ≈ morpholinium azepanium ≈ imidazolium sulfoniumpyridinium. The anodic limiting potential of ionic liquids has the following sequence: NTf2- ≈ RFBF3- BF4- TSAC- F(HF)2.3- CF3COO- HCOO-. Furthermore, the electrochemical windows gradually become narrow on different working electrodes in the order: W GC Pt ≈ Au. Tungsten is the best working electrode material for studies on ionic liquids. The potential measured vs. Li/Li+ is the most positive.


In order to evaluate the attack ability of UAV intelligent swarm, the evaluation index system of UAV intelligent swarm attack capability is established, the factors influencing the attack capability of UAV intelligent swarm are analyzed, the capability evaluation model is established, and the weight of each factor is determined by AHP, and finally the effectiveness index is evaluated by fuzzy evaluation matrix [1]. The results show that the evaluation results are objective and reasonable, which can provide theoretical reference for the optimal design and use of UAV intelligent swarm system.


The Ni-based alloy-WC composite coatings are sprayed on the surface of 45 steel by plasma spray welding.The analyses on microstructure,microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings are carried out.The results show that metallurgical bonding forms between the coatings and the substrate,and the refined crystal grains are obtained at the interface.The hardness and wear resistance of 45steel after plasma spray welding are obviously better than that of plain carbon steels,which could become a substitute for high-alloy hot work die steel.


Objective
To study the clinical characteristics of silent paraganglioma(PGL).

Methods
A total of 21 patients with silent PGL confirmed by surgical pathology and hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of chongqing Medical University from Mar.2008 to Dec.2013 were enrolled in this study. The clinical manifestations, hormone level, imaging findings, pathologic characteristic, treatment and follow-up data were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.

Results
Among the 21 cases of silent PGL, 8 were male and 13 were female, with 47.05 years as the mean age(ranging from 26 to 67 years old). PGL tumors in silent group were mainly located in the right side, and left to right ratio was 2∶5. Silent PGL with tumor diameter 5 cm were 5, 7, and 9 cases respectively.Its constituent ratio was 23.8%, 33.3% and 42.9% respectively, significantly higher compared with that of symptomatic PGL(9.8%, 43.9%, and 46.3% respectively). Silent PGL can be identified from other adrenal incidentaloma based on enhanced CT value in each period. Biochemical examination or functional imaging further could facilitate the diagnosis of silent PGL. All the 21 cases were conducted with surgical treatment, and hypertensive crisis occurred to 4 cases during operation.

Conclusions
Silent PGL is not easy to be detected due to its non-specific clinical manifestations. The diagnosis needs the combined analysis on anatomical imaging characteristics, biochemical examination, functional imaging and pathological findings. Surgery is the most effective treatment. Postoperative pathological tips and long-term follow-up are both required for PGL, no matter benign or malignant.

Key words:
Silent paraganglioma; Adrenal incidentaloma


A small-plot evaluation was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, La., to determine the efficacy of various insecticides and combinations in controlling boll weevil and Heliothis spp. on cotton. Plots were 4 rows × 36.6 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Cotton was planted 5 May on 1.02-m centers. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatments were applied on 20 and 27 Jul and 3 Aug. All plots were oversprayed with Penncap-M 2M, 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, on 24 Jun and with Guthion 2L, 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, on 3, 16, 24, and 31 Jul for weevils. Following the last observation on 6 Aug, the entire test was oversprayed with a pyrethroid on 8, 16, and 22 Aug. Plant damage was monitored 2 - 3 days following each treatment application by examining 25 squares/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows from each plot on 24 Sep and 5 Oct.