The previously proposed inelastic scattering theory [Wang (1991). Acta Cryst. A47, 686–698] has been applied to simulate the diffraction patterns of phonon, plasmon-loss and atomic core-shell scattered electrons. The details of the calculation method and the program flow chart are described here. The calculated thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) patterns using full lattice dynamics agree well with the experimental observations for parallel- and convergent-beam-illumination cases. The results have shown that the Kikuchi pattern is mainly produced by phonon-scattered electrons and that the Einstein model is not a good thermal-vibration model, at least for molybdenum and silicon. Under strongly diffracting conditions, calculations for energy-filtered diffraction patterns of core ionization edges have shown that the elastic and inelastic scattering can no longer be considered as independent and that the angular distribution of the inelastically scattered electrons cannot be simply described by the Lorentzian function. All these dynamical effects can affect the compositional microanalysis in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS).


Objective: To assess the value of 16 slice CT virtual cystoscopy(C TVC) and its clinical application in the evaluation of bladder neoplasm and comp are with cystoscopy and surgical results. Methods: Ten patients with bladder neo plasm(7 single carcinoma and 3 multi-carcinomas) were proved histologically by c ystoscopy, surgery and pathology. GE Lightspeed Ultra 16 slice CT was used to pe rform whole bladder scan. The patients are supine on the CT table. Air would be infused slowly by hand through catheter. Scanning parameters: 1.25mm/1.375∶1/0. 8s, 120kV, 260mA, total scanning time 6~8s. Using ADW4.0 workstation to perform 3D reconstruction, including shaded surface display(SSD), CTVC. We evaluated CT VC of all 10 patients in terms of image quality, lesion detective rate, compared with cystoscopy and surgical outcome. Results: Image quality of CTVC in 16 slic e CT were satisfied. Lesion detective rate with CTVC in bladder cancer was 100%. Thin-slice and high-speed features of 16 slice CT apparently improve image qual ity. Conclusion: 16 slice CT three-dimensional imaging can obviously improve ima ge quality and lesion detection ability, and promote accuracy in the evaluation of bladder neoplasm. It plays an important role in the diagnosis of bladder neop lasm.


In traditional directional spatial prediction based video coding standards such as H.264/AVC, MPEG4 and AVS, zigzag scan is the fixed scan pattern which designed to organize quantized transform coefficients in order to bring the high-frequency components as more as possible, so that the coefficients can be encoded more efficiently using the entropy encoding. However, zigzag scan cannot efficiently organize the transform coefficients due to different residual energy distribution produced by different intra prediction. To resolve this problem, in this paper, we propose a z-scan scheme to further improve intra coding efficiency for the AVS standard. In our method, traditional zigzag scan, horizontal z-scan, and vertical z-scan are used depending on the spatial prediction directions. It is relatively easy to implement our z-scan scheme into AVS codec without changing the syntax. Experimental results demonstrate that the z-scan scheme can remarkably reduce bitrates by approximately 2.1% compared with AVS codec using zigzag scan, while the PSNR of video sequences are maintained.


In the current,many enterprises are just concerned about the final result while ignoring the control and supervision of the process in the performance evaluation.For the reason that there isn't a trace of management of the real performance information,so it will not be able to control performance effectively,and will lead to performance distortion.In the perspective of process streamlining,on the basis of the business process streamlining,this article aims to establish the management accounting system and form effective control on firm performance process.


The origins of immigration to Australia are intrinsically connected to the history of this state, that is its British, colonial heritage. Australia had been discovered, and then conquered, by Great Britain relatively late – the British fleet arrived to the Australian territory for the first time only towards the end of the 18th century to start the settlement of the British convicts. The paper concerns the first stage of immigration, which encompasses the time between the landing of the first British ships carrying the first group of convicts/colonists (1787) and the outbreak of World War I (1914) which prompted a rapid change of Australian immigration rules since a lot of citizens of various states desired to emigrate to this safe, calm and prosperous country. The main argument is that it was mainly the Chinese immigration impact which prompted a turn in Australia's migration policy, which started to be much more restrictive and eventually led to the establishment of the White Australia Policy.


In this paper, we propose a new computationally efficient subspace-based method without eigendecomposition (SUMWE) for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of narrowband signals impinging on a uniform linear array (ULA) by exploiting the array geometry and its shift invariance property. Further an adaptive implementation of the SUMWE is presented for tracking the time-varying directions of slowly moving (relative to the sampling rate) signals. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through numerical examples, and it is shown that the proposed algorithm is computationally simple and has a good tracking performance.


A laboratory test program has been carried out to assess the potential for release of elements from an outdoor coal stockpile located on top of coastal sand deposits. The overall aim was to ascertain whether the stockpile might represent a signiicant source of environmentally-signiicant contaminants to the regional groundwater system. The coal in question is a relatively low-rank material, with around 15% air-dried moisture and around 7% ash. Its mineral matter is dominated by kaolinite (40%), quartz (35%) and pyrite (11%), with a range of minor components. The sand consists dominantly of calcium carbonate fragments (calcite, Mg-calcite and aragonite, total around 75%) with quartz (17%) and feldspar (8%) as the only other mineral constituents. The mobility the both coal and the sand irstly series each were a which the major trace elements the column out, coal coal vertical Perspex approximately 24, 48, 72, main


This paper presents a digital watermarking algorithm based on wavelet packet decomposition.This algorithm selects the best basis of the wavelet packet according to Shannon entropy criterion.The host image and the original watermark image are decomposed into two levels wavelet packet.The experimental results show that proposed method is good at invisibility and robust to JPEG image compression.


Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first reported at the end of 2019, is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to multi-organ dysfunction. These symptoms may persist even after the acute phase has passed. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (long-COVID) is a condition characterized by COVID-19 symptoms that persist for longer than two months after infection. Fatigue, muscle and joint pain, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, and anxiety are the most common symptoms of long-COVID. Given the substantial impact of COVID-19 sequelae on the quality of life of its survivors, as well as its socioeconomic burden, proactive measures are required.Current Concepts: Following the identification of long-COVID characteristics and symptoms, patient-centered care based on vaccination, COVID-19 medications, and digital healthcare is recommended. Furthermore, people who are more vulnerable to long-COVID, such as those with respiratory dysfunctions or the older adults, require more specialized and attentive management. Big data and artificial intelligence will hopefully enable a more timely and effective response to this healthcare issue.Discussion and Conclusion: Infectious diseases threaten our lives constantly, as evidenced by the recent COVID-19 pandemic and its lingering consequences. A novel virus can emerge at any time and place, resulting in substantial clinical and economic loss. At this stage, it is crucial to establish prompt and effective strategies against long-COVID, as well as against potential pandemics.


The soil-gas diffusion coefficient (Dp) and its dependency on air-filled porosity (ε) govern the gas diffusion and reaction processes in soil. Accurate Dp(ε) prediction models for unsaturated saturated peat soils are needed to evaluate vadose zone transport and fate of greenhouse gases such as methane in peaty wetlands. In this study, we measured Dp on peat soil samples at different pF conditions, and developed new expressions for describing and predicting Dp(ε). Undisturbed peat soil samples were taken from Bibai wetland, Hokkaido, Japan. By modifying existing Dp(ε) models, the Buckingham model and the Macroporosity-Dependent model, we suggested two new Dp(ε) models for peat soils. To validate the new Dp(ε) models, we tested the models against independent datasets for peat soil samples from literatures. The modified Buckingham type model performed the best against independent datasets.


The Purpose of this study is to derive and analyze the elements that apply to apartment space planning for community recovery. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to propose the apartment space planning elements by incorporating activation methods around community elements. First, research on community elements should be preceded for space planning for community activation. Therefore, community concept and community element are extracted. Second, based on the extracted community elements, the concept of apartment community space is set up to activate the apartment community space, and the factor of community activity plan is derived. In the final conclusion, a case study is conducted based on the space planning elements of the apartment.


Some college degrees, such as engineering, provide multiple job options, which incentivize individuals to invest in them while making skill choices. However, this may lead to over investment in this skill type, which can eventually lead to higher unemployment among engineers, owing to the search frictions that are present in the economy. In this paper, I use a two-sector two-skill search theoretic model to analyze this problem and I find that this may lead to inefficient outcomes. A government intervention which penalizes individuals who invest in these skills and rewards workers who invest in skills which has less job options can help to reduce this inefficiency. 1 JEL classification: D61, E24, J24, J64


Iddo Gal has done an excellent job in his paper outlining the issues involved in defining statistical literacy for adults, enumerating the components of statistical literacy that are necessary for active participation in society, and focusing on the challenges for educators and researchers in achieving the goal of a statistically literate citizenry. As an educator and researcher working at the school level rather than with adults, several issues arise from Gal's discussion that interest me as someone trying to assist in achieving at least some of the goals of statistical literacy before students leave school. These include:


A series of contiguous treatment fields is frequently used in radiotherapy, as with irradiation of the lymphatic chain for testicular tumors and lymphomas. With the desire to deliver a homogeneous dose to target volumes in depth, it is necessary to place adjacent treatment portals on the skin surface in such a manner that "hot" spots in normal tissue areas and "cold" spots in tumor volumes are avoided.A method of separating fields is presented where isodose curve measurements or geometric calculations are modified by experiment, using lithium fluoride and Adlux film in phantoms. It is shown that these separated fields, while giving homogeneous doses in depth, avoid high doses to overlying regions. Examples are described to illustrate the clinical importance of these considerations.


Background: It is usual to face complexities in perianal abscesses, fistulas and perianal sinus diseases. Perianal sinus indicates to a blind tract in the perianal area with a discharging opening externally. We selected patients with perianal blind tracts with intra-luminal discharging openings (Reverse sinus) without any visible external opening. Treatment policy was altered accordingly.Methods: We excluded sinuses with external discharging openings, fistulas, hemorrhoids, simple fissures and malignant pathologies. Study was conducted in 64 patients at city hospital, sector-8 Chandigarh. Ours is a hospital based descriptive study conducted between January 2020 to June 2021.Results: Patients with reverse sinuses were divided into four groups based on their etiology. Chronic fissures with discharging opening at 6o clock position (18 cases). Primary anorectal abscesses with intraluminal opening and without any external opening (14 cases). Primary operated anorectal abscess with reverse sinus and no external opening (20 cases). Patients having previous fistula surgery presenting with reverse sinus (12 cases). Treatment in general was tricky yet local healing and long-term results were very good.Conclusions: Once the internal opening is located retrograde probing was done. Perianal nick-incision over the tip of the probe helped to convert sinus into fistula. Subsequent fistulotomy was performed. In case of thick Sphincteric chunk loose seton was encircled around the sphincteric muscle. Subsequently the seton was tightened to achieve cutting and healing simultaneously. In cases of failed retrograde probing perianal nick-incision was given to perform usual probing of the fistula made.


Through experimental study on heat transfer performance of flue gas condensing heat exchanger with different new-type anticorrosive coatings,the influencing rule of surface anticorrosive coatings of heat exchanger on heat transfer performance of flue gas condensing heat exchanger is obtained.Three experimental correlations for heat transfer of flue gas condensing heat exchanger with different anticorrosive coatings are given.The condensing heat exchanger with amorphous Ni-P composite coating and organic coating has better heat transfer performance.


How do cells in different tissues interact? Cells can interact with each other either directly or via the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is composed of a variety of proteins and polysaccharides in a fibrous meshwork, closely associated with the cell surface. The matrix can become calcified to make bones or teeth, or can form basement membranes and tendons. In addition to its structural role, the ECM also acts to regulate the differentiation of many cell types (reviewed by Adams and Watt, 1993; Lin and Bissell, 1993). Most of the interactions between cells and the ECM are mediated by integrins. Integrins are transmembrane receptors composed of an α and a βsubunit. They extend across the membrane, recognizing and binding to ECM proteins outside the cell and to cytoskeletal elements inside. Integrins therefore act as bridges, connecting a cell to its ECM substratum or to another cell. There are two possible outcomes of these ECMcell interactions mediated by integrins. On the one hand they can result merely in adhesion of the cell to the ECM. Alternatively, or in addition, they can trigger a signaling cascade inside the cell transmitting the effect of ligand binding across the membrane (reviwed by Giancotti and Ruoslahti, 1999). There are at least two ways by which integrins can contribute to ECM signaling. First, they can act passively by attaching the cell to the ECM, making it possible for other signals from the ECM to be transmitted into the cell. Second, they could themselves act as signaling receptors. Since integrins do not have any enzymatic activity they are thought to transmit signals through interactions of their cytoplasmic tails with proteins in the cytoplasm. Integrin binding to the ECM may activate two signaling pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Jun amino (N)-terminal kinase (JNK) (Chen et al., 1994; Schlaepfer et al., 1994; Miyamoto et al., 1995; Zhu and Assoian, 1995). MAPK and related kinases then translocate to the nucleus to regulate gene expression (Yurochko et al., 1992; Wary et al., 1996). This integrindependent regulation of gene expression may provide a way for the ECM to act upon cell diferentiation. The ECM can also regulate cell differentiation by triggering rapid and localized changes in the activity of growth factors and their receptors, the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) (Adams and Watt, 1993; Taipale and Keskioja, 1997). The ECM exerts its control on growth factor activity in different ways. (1) Oligomerisation – several molecules of growth factors can bind to a single ECM component, such as heparan sulfate, and, as oligomers, induce transphosphorylation of their receptors (Schelessinger et al., 1993). (2) Proteolysis – heparan sulfate can affect growth factors by protecting it from proteolysis. (3) Endocytosis – binding of growth factors to the ECM could prevent endocytosis and degradation of the ligandreceptor complexes (Flaumenhaft and Rifkin, 1992). 2607 Development 127, 2607-2615 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 DEV7803


1. THE DATA I. CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH DATA WERE OBTAINED The presence in our country, during the last four months of 1917, of bodies of men mobilized in army camps gave an opportunity to observe the development of epidemics in crowded communities. The conditions afforded for such study were unusual in all respects, and will probably not be met again for a long time. In the first place, the population of the respective camps came, for the most part, from definitely known areas; so that something could be said about the nature of the population, whether prevailingly rural or urban, and whether from southern states or northern. Indeed, for the most part it could be stated what state or group of states was tributary to a particular camp. In the second place, the entire population was daily inspected and every inducement offered for those suffering from any ailment to go


Electrical connector for a flexible LED strip seal, comprising a metal body (9) and the contact housing (10), said metal body gripping a flexible material previously (8) covering the cover is made of a flexible material terminal strip (2), said contact housing made of plastic material and mounted on the metal body (9) and which can be relatively moved from the inoperative raised position to a lowered operative position, the operative position, the contact element housing (10) carried (14) piercing said cap (8) and the strip (2) of a flexible material and contacting the seal member incorporated in the LED PCB (4) (2) of the conductive pad (6).


The volatiles from over 2000 year-preserved heartwood of Populus euphratica in ancient tomb were analyzed by GC-MS,and the relative content of each component was determined by area normalization.Forty-eight peaks were separated and thirty-one compounds were identified.The major constituents of the volatiles were sesquiterpenoids and esters.


Objective To construct an index system of the performance appraisal to clinic nurses.Methods According to the BSC,KPI and SMART principal,we constructed the primary evaluation indexes.And then two rounds of Delphi consultation were conducted.Results An index system of the performance appraisal to clinic nurses was composed of 5 level-1 indexes,including 22 indexes.Conclusions The index system has high scientific nature and reliability to provide a theoretical basis for the performance appraisal to clinic nurses.

Key words:
Clinic nurse;  Performance appraisal;  Delphi technique


ABSTRACT How do political protests transform into a social movement? Analysing Czech anti-war protest events between 2002 and 2009, this study aims at identifying particular mechanisms through which the social-movement mode of coordination was established out of a fragmented field of activism through consecutive protest campaigns. The study shows how broadening collective identity and creating instrumental relationships in times with the opening of political opportunities is followed by the institutionalisation and further expansion of protest cooperation during a period of heightened political threats, which establishes a new mode of protest coordination.


This paper attempts top investigate the quality of traffic service under mostly uncontrolled conditions. A framework for analysis is provided by the urban road network in the city of Beirut in the period after 17 years of war. A useful tool to characterize traffic at the network level is the two-fluid model: the two fluids consist of moving and stopping vehicles as a result of traffic conditions, and their interaction is observed to produce several parameters contributing to the scope of this research. This model also makes its possible to perform a sensitivity analysis whose objective is to evaluate the impact of introducing several control measures ion a context characterized by lack of control. The study indicates that implementation of traffic control measures in situations characterized by lack of control will yield lower delays primarily at higher levels of traffic concentration.


The invention relates to a diaphragm for a nonsolid-state electrode system, and components are selected from organic high-molecular polymers, and preferably selected from one or more than one of PMMA, PP, PE, PVDF, PTFE, PVA, PVC, PAN, PEO, CMC, starch, and polyacrylate lithium; the diaphragm allows alkali metal, alkaline earth metal ions or hydrogen ions to pass through, and does not allows transition metal ions to pass through. The diaphragm is low in manufacturing cost, easy to realize industrialization, and has potential application value in fields such as flow cells, air cells, and fuel cells.


Consuming more than two servings of fish each week can reduce a person's risk for recurrence of colorectal cancer, according to the results of a cross-sectional multinational study.


A new NASA study finds the last remaining section of Antarctica's Larsen B Ice Shelf, which partially collapsed in 2002, is quickly weakening and likely to disintegrate completely before the end of the decade.


A disk wind can cause perturbations that propagate throughout the disk via diffusive processes. On reaching the inner disk, these perturbations can change the disk luminosity, which in turn, can change the wind mass loss rate, . It has been argued that this so-called "wind-driven relaxation cycle" might explain the observed variability in some disk accreting objects. Here, we study the response of the innermost mass accretion rate to the loss of matter at different rates and radii. We allow the wind launching radius, RL, to scale with . We computed a grid of time-dependent models for various – and RL– dependencies. We find that the disk behavior significantly differs for the "variable RL" case compared to the "fixed RL" case. In particular, much stronger winds are required to destabilize the disk in the former than the latter case. However, the amplitude does not grow significantly even for unstable cases because the oscillations saturate at a low level either due to disk depletion or due to the wind being launched at very small radii, or both. This result implies that disk winds are unlikely to be responsible for state transitions as those require large changes in the inner disk. Despite modest changes at the inner disk regions, the disk surface density at large radii can vary with a large amplitude, i.e., from 0 to a few factors of the steady state value. This dramatic variation of the outer disk could have observable consequences.


Based on the observation that teacher expectation often drives classroom success, a project was undertaken whereby all students were given top marks in two sections of a geology classroom at the undergraduate level. To further this project, a student motivation strategy was attempted to take the place of their not having to fear for top marks.  The results were sixfold: (1) the results of student work were well above average; (2) student work reflected teacher expectations; (3) student enthusiasm was well above average; (4) the instructor needed to use enthusiasm and humor to maintain discipline; (5) the instructor needed to parse the assignments so that the work would be done; (6) the administration was unhappy with the resulting data analytics. Based on this case study, one can confirm that student outcomes are highly dependent on teacher expectations and strategies; and that formative (not evaluative) assessments can be used effectively to raise the level of student learning.


This chapter examines criminal organisations legislation that has been introduced in most Australian states and territories to disrupt the activities of 'outlaw motorcycle gangs' and protect the public from violence associated with them. In particular, it analyses this legislation's criminalisation of acts of association between individuals. Such conduct is harmless in itself, but is criminalised for preventive reasons; that is, because it is considered to carry a risk of leading to future harmful acts by third parties and/or by the defendant him or herself. After identifying the principles that criminal law theorists have identified as being relevant to the permissibility of criminalising remote harms, and applying those principles to the anti-association offences, the author finds that these offences are insupportable. The various Acts provide for the criminalisation of some conduct that creates no risk of leading to future harmful acts by third parties and other conduct that does create such a risk, but where the defendant has not allied him or herself with that wrongdoing. Moreover, a person may be held liable for any of the anti-association offences even though he or she has neither embarked on the ultimate offence nor formed an intention to commit it.


With the modernization of industrial production, various automatic following technologies have gradually penetrated into people's lives. Among them, the application fields that follow mobile balancing vehicles range from the structured environment of factories to the daily living environment. The purpose of this subject is to be able to use UWB positioning technology to realize that the balanced trolley is an automatic following function, which mainly uses the ranging function in UWB positioning technology, uses the TOF ranging principle and embedded basic knowledge, and changes the positioning algorithm to a following algorithm. The distance between the target object and the person is effectively determined by two tags set on the trolley and a base station in the hand to determine the distance, and the distance information is transmitted through the serial port. By writing an algorithm, the distance information is converted to the driving information of the trolley, and the driving information is sent to the trolley to control the trolley, thereby realizing the task of balancing the trolley to follow the specified target in a simple indoor environment.


Nowadays the coherent excitation of spin ensembles is of prime research importance since it potentially can expand the functionalities of magnonics. In this respect optical tools are very promising due to the possibility to manipulate at ultrashort time scales and to provide local excitation, in particular, by focusing light with plasmonic nanoantennas. In this work, we calculated and measured the optical properties of the plasmonic nanoantenna arrays of subwavelength period and optimized their size and height to get localized surface plasmons suitable for excitation of ultrafast magnetization dynamics.


On 14 May 2002, the European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), by a majority, declared an application by The Gypsy Council et al. v. the United Kingdom inadmissible. This article reviews that case as one example of recent pronouncements of the Court in matters related to minority rights and, in particular, in light of an emerging, but not yet consequentially applied standard that would require domestic authorities to give 'some special consideration . . . to [the] needs and . . . different lifestyle' of members of minority groups when applying general laws. The particularities of the case will be placed in the context of the level of protection of specific minority rights by the European normative system governing human rights and a slowly developing sensitivity to such issues by the Council of Europe's judicial body. In this context, Gypsy Council must be seen as an unfortunate setback.


Over the past decades there has been in many countries a progressive movement towards the devolution of fiscal powers to sub-central governments, a process which is commonly known as fiscal devolution or fiscal decentralization. This has generally been advised on grounds of improving government efficiency and accountability. In particular, advocates of fiscal decentralization point tax competition as the main mechanism that promotes economic development. The European Union (EU) provides, in this context, an ideal ground for looking at the effects of tax competition. We show that tax competition brings growth-maximizing policies. Yet, this translates into a 'race to bottom' on the taxation of mobile factors, together with a 'race to the top' on the taxation of immobile factors. Hence, fiscal devolution limits the scope for redistribution and brings potentially large regional asymmetric effects. Against this background, we examine several possible tax harmonization scenarios that may be considered in the EU context. In a nutshell, capital tax harmonization is able to avoid a race to bottom in capital taxation but implies a race to the top in labour taxation. Only labour income tax harmonization is able to avoid the latter, while leaving room for a positive capital tax.


The quick development of Hunan information industry and the ceaseless optimization of information construction environment turns to bring the good opportunity for the Chang-Zhu-Tan information integration. The Chang-Zhu-Tan can hold tight this opportunity to create a metropolis with characteristics of digital information integration.


The invention relates to a split type double-volute structure. The split type double-volute structure comprises an axially split pump volute and is characterized in that a water separating bar is arranged in the axially split pump volute to form a split type double-volute structure; a positioning groove for mounting the water separating bar is formed in the axially split pump volute and is matched and connected with the water separating bar; and the left positioning diameter of the positioning groove D2 is not equal to the right positioning diameter D1 of the positioning groove. A single volute is independently and precisely cast, the precision-machined water separating bar is arranged in the single volute, and the shape and the machining precision of the inner wall surface of each flow channel of the double-volute structure are controlled, so that the double-volute structure meets the design requirements, and the efficiency and the vibration noise characteristics of a centrifugal pump are improved. The split type double-volute structure is simple in structure and convenient to mount.


The fiber orientation is one of most important characteristics of papers, which cause market's troubles of all kind of papers, if it is out of correct ranges.The fiber orientations are desired near zero degree. We converted these fiber orientations to the parameter of S/N ratio, and applied this parameter in actual process control.We measured fiber orientations of every turnup, and analysised the trend of S/N ratio by the control chart.It caught the changes of fiber orientations sensitively, and we could take the correct actions to process.By this applications of S/N ratio, we got the stability of process, and we could keep many paper products from out of specifications.By the application of S/N ratio to papermaking process, we get the quality advancement of paper products.


Acknowledgements 1: A World Turning Upside Down Part 1: The Unipolar-Multipolar Dynamics 2. US-China relations in the global dynamics 3. Historical Perspectives on Multipolarisation 4. Manoeuvring towards Multipolarity 5. Globalisation, Imperialism and Multipolarisation 6. Promoting Multipolarisation: Regional Organisation In Asia Part 2: China's Development Trajectory 7. Maintaining Self Reliance in an Interdependent World 8. Development with Chinese Characteristics Part 3: An International Trial of Strength 9. Towards a New International Political Order 10. Towards a new international economic order 11. A Game of Go Abbreviations and Acronyms Tables Notes Index


The energy level alignment of the ferrocene–EGaIn interface This work investigates the interaction of the EGaIn/ferrocene-SAM interface using X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The absence of any core or valence level shifts as well as only a small work function change due to the pushback effect reveals weak interaction at this interface. These findings support the small renormalization factor recently found in large area molecular junctions and are in agreement with our normalized differential conductance measurements. The energy level alignment after the formation of a molecular tunnel junction is often poorly understood because spectroscopy inside junctions is not possible, which hampers the rational design of functional molecular junctions and complicates the interpretation of the data generated by molecular junctions. In molecular junction platforms where the top electrode–molecule interaction is weak; one may argue that the energy level alignment can be deduced from measurements with the molecules supported by the bottom electrode (sometimes referred to as ''half junctions''). This approach, however, still relies on a series of assumptions, which are challenging to address experimentally due to difficulties in studying the molecule–top electrode interaction. Herein, we describe top electrode–molecule junctions with a liquid metal alloy top electrode of EGaIn (which stands for eutectic alloy of Ga and In) interacting with well-characterised ferrocene (Fc) moieties. We deposited a ferrocene derivative on films of EGaIn, coated with its native GaO x layer, and studied the energy level alignment with photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results reveal that the electronic interaction between the Fc and GaO x /EGaIn is very weak, resembling physisorption. Therefore, investigations of ''half junctions'' for this system can provide valuable information regarding the energy level alignment of complete EGaIn junctions. Our results help to improve our understanding of the energy landscape in weakly coupled molecular junctions and aid to the rational design of molecular electronic devices.


A 57-year-old man with chronic active HBV infection was found to have a mass in the liver on routine screening. The results of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy suggested hepatocellular carcinoma. A multidisciplinary group discusses pathophysiology and management.


We obtained the analytical solutions of the two-body Salpeter equation via the methodology of supersymmetric quantum mechanics under a combination of Coulomb and Hulthén potentials for unequal masses. We clearly examined the energy eigenvalues for the ground state and excited states. The behaviour of energy with the sum of the masses and the screening parameter respectively, were also studied. The results showed that two bodies of unequal masses interacting within the system exhibit the same features.


The invention belongs to the field of chemical engineering equipment, and relates to a reaction kettle, in particular to a single screw type conical reaction kettle. The screw type conical reaction kettle comprises a kettle body, a kettle cover and a stirring rod, and is characterized in that the kettle body adopts an inverted cone structure, a motor is mounted at the center part of the kettle cover, the lower end of the motor is connected with a speed reducer, a main drive box is mounted at the lower part of the speed reducer, one end of the main drive box is connected with a transverse drive shaft which is connected with an auxiliary turning box, the auxiliary turning box is connected with the stirring rod, and the stirring rod is parallel to the kettle body and is mounted close to the wall of the kettle; a spiral filament is welded on the outer wall of the stirring rod, and a manhole is formed in the kettle cover; and bracket bases are arranged on the kettle body, and a discharge valve is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body. The stirring rod can revolve under the drive of the main drive shaft and can perform autoroatation under the drive of the auxiliary turning box, and the spiral filament on the stirring rod can effectively shear a viscous material in the autoroatation and revolution process, so that the material around the spiral filament turns to be uniformly mixed, and the reaction kettle is particularly suitable for producing the viscous material.


OBJECTIVE To establish a HPLC method for determination of Ferulic Acid in Tiaojing Syrup. METHODS The determination was carried out on a Diamonsil C18(4. 6mm × 250 mm,5μm),using the mobile phase of acetonitrile-1%(w) glacial acetic acid(18∶ 82) at a flow rate of 1. 0m L·min- 1. The column temperature was at 30℃ and the detection wavelength was at 322 nm. RESULTS Ferulic Acid showed a good linear relationship at range of 4. 95 ~ 99μg · m L- 1,the linear calibration curves was A = 54. 256 C + 0. 6693,r =0. 9999. CONCLUSION The method is convenient,quick and accurate. Which is suitable for the quality control of Tiaojing Syrup.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the challenges faced in learning Kenyan sign language from the perspective of hearing parents of deaf learners. Methodology: This study employed case study design, qualitative research approach adopting the interpretive paradigm. The study adopted purposive sampling technique to come up with a study sample of 177 informants. Data was collected using interview schedules, Focus Group Discussion guides and Document analysis guide. Qualitative data was transcribed, coded and organized into themes and reported. Findings: Results revealed that parents had three major challenges in learning Kenyan sign language: that Kenyan sign language was too difficult to learn, it was too costly to learn and that the institutions for parents to learn in were not readily available. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The recommendations of this study were that; hearing parents of children with hearing impairments be given support in the process of learning Kenyan sign language and that parents should make deliberate efforts to learn Kenyan sign language and other modes of communication in order to communicate with their children with hearing impairments.


There have been significant advances in simulation models predicting human behavior across various interactive tasks. One issue remains, however: identifying the parameter values that best describe an individual user. These parameters often express personal cognitive and physiological characteristics, and inferring their exact values has significant effects on individual-level predictions. Still, the high complexity of simulation models usually causes parameter inference to consume prohibitively large amounts of time, as much as days per user. We investigated amortized inference for its potential to reduce inference time dramatically, to mere tens of milliseconds. Its principle is to pre-train a neural proxy model for probabilistic inference, using synthetic data simulated from a range of parameter combinations. From examining the efficiency and prediction performance of amortized inference in three challenging cases that involve real-world data (menu search, point-and-click, and touchscreen typing), the paper demonstrates that an amortized-inference approach permits analyzing large-scale datasets by means of simulation models. It also addresses emerging opportunities and challenges in applying amortized inference in HCI.


The analysis of the quality of groundwater of a particular area is of great importance for both drinking purposes and irrigation. An evaluation of the quality of groundwater was conducted to ascertain its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Mathura city. About 15 groundwater samples were collected from various locations in Mathura city and were analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters like pH, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides and total dissolved solids in order to determine the water quality. The results were compared with standards prescribed by CPCB and BIS.


This paper divided users of squares around train stations into three groups of "passersby", "users taking stop action" and "users taking stay action" and further divided the attention directions of the users taking stop / stay actions into four types. Analyses of density distribution found that stopping actions occur in a more expansive area than that of staying actions. In terms of the relation between space components and user actions, more people use a space as a meeting place when the space is more densely used. The study found that the classification based on the space users' attention directions are significantly influenced by the user density. When the user density is extremely high or low, the space components do not function.


denced by the updating of⁄1 of the viruses in the vaccine. It is not surprising that the greatest change in the influenza virus, plans are briefly described in this supplement. antigenic shift associated with production of a pandemic, has The US plan has been designed to be updated regularly on been scrutinized on a number of levels, from the most scientific the basis of scientific and societal developments. It was also to the most literary. This concern seems more commensurate realized that answers to many scientific questions would be with the magnitude of the threat than with the sometimes irra- required to optimize the proposals and that in many cases, tional sensationalism preceding annual influenza outbreaks, im- the state of current knowledge was inadequate to provide the portant as they are in terms of morbidity, mortality, and local- appropriate information. The National Institutes of Health ized disruption of normal activities. (NIH) is the medical research arm of the federal government. Past experiences indicate that pandemics have the potential A decision was made within the NIH's Division of Microbiolto be true public health emergencies, even when they resemble ogy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and the 1957 and 1968 episodes more than the infamous 1918 Infectious Diseases (NIAID), to convene an international meetexperience. In addition, the periods between influenza recur- ing to examine available data, identify critical scientific issues, rences have been relatively long and unpredictable. Thus, it is and frame the research questions relative to scientific issues not surprising that in the current examination of emerging and and gaps in knowledge vital to controlling pandemic influenza. reemerging infections, influenza pandemics have served as an The meeting was held in Bethesda in December 1995, when example of an event that has resulted in a complacent attitude the first draft of the Pandemic Plan had been formulated and toward the enormous threat to health and economic life. For the kinds of additional information that would be needed had example, until now, the US government plan for handling a begun to be identified from that standpoint. The organizing future pandemic had not been updated since 1983. committee designed the meeting to examine these questions The current change in approach has much to do with the and to explore other, more long-term scientific issues that recognition of the global danger of emerging and reemerging would affect the pandemic preparedness of the country. These microbial pathogens. In the report of the Institute of Medicine, involved a review of the events of past pandemics and new influenza, especially in its pandemic manifestation, was promi- scientific developments, all of which could help in developing nently used as a case requiring much more attention than it recommendations for increasing pandemic preparedness. Also has received in the past. In the Centers for Disease Control and considered was the issue of interpandemic influenza: Annual Prevention's response to that report, preparedness for potential outbreaks cause major health and economic consequences, and influenza pandemics and for the more predictable interpan- studying them is the best strategy for gaining important knowldemic outbreaks was prominently discussed. As a result, it was edge relative to the pandemic situation. decided to give high priority to updating and expanding the The first 2 days of the 3-day meeting were devoted to plenary ability of the United States for managing an influenza pan- papers in the morning, discussing current knowledge, followed demic. each afternoon by three simultaneous workshops on specific As described in this supplement, the plan was developed by topics. These workshops addressed specific questions that dea US Public Health Service interagency panel with a group of fined the research agenda in light of gaps in scientific understanding. The texts of the plenary papers are given here along with summaries of each of the workshops. Participants in the workshops were asked to review their areas of research and to


Seismic Petrophysics in Quantitative Interpretation Lev Vernik Seismic interpretation can be made simple and robust by integrating rock physics principles with seismic and petrophysical attributes bearing on properties of conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Catalog #121A-16, Published 2016, 226 pages, Hardcover Print ISBN 978-1-56080-324-9 SEG Members $129, List $234 Meeting Price $129 Elements of 3D Seismology, third edition Christopher L. Liner Liner gives a thorough introduction to the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of 3D seismic data. Catalog #122A-16, Published 2016, 362 pages, Hardcover Print ISBN 978-1-56080-337-9 SEG Members $149, List $270 Meeting Price $149


Regular Papers.- Efficient Planning in Large POMDPs through Policy Graph Based Factorized Approximations.- Unsupervised Trajectory Sampling.- Fast Extraction of Locally Optimal Patterns Based on Consistent Pattern Function Variations.- Large Margin Learning of Bayesian Classifiers Based on Gaussian Mixture Models.- Learning with Ensembles of Randomized Trees : New Insights.- Entropy and Margin Maximization for Structured Output Learning.- Virus Propagation on Time-Varying Networks: Theory and Immunization Algorithms.- Adapting Decision DAGs for Multipartite Ranking.- Fast and Scalable Algorithms for Semi-supervised Link Prediction on Static and Dynamic Graphs.- Modeling Relations and Their Mentions without Labeled Text.- An Efficient and Scalable Algorithm for Local Bayesian Network Structure Discovery.- Selecting Information Diffusion Models over Social Networks for Behavioral Analysis.- Learning Sparse Gaussian Markov Networks Using a Greedy Coordinate Ascent Approach.- Online Structural Graph Clustering Using Frequent Subgraph Mining.- Large-Scale Support Vector Learning with Structural Kernels.- Synchronization Based Outlier Detection.- Laplacian Spectrum Learning.- k-Version-Space Multi-class Classification Based on k-Consistency Tests.- Complexity Bounds for Batch Active Learning in Classification.- Semi-supervised Projection Clustering with Transferred Centroid Regularization.- Permutation Testing Improves Bayesian Network Learning.- Example-dependent Basis Vector Selection for Kernel-Based Classifiers.- Surprising Patterns for the Call Duration Distribution of Mobile Phone Users.- Variational Bayesian Mixture of Robust CCA Models.- Adverse Drug Reaction Mining in Pharmacovigilance Data Using Formal Concept Analysis.- Topic Models Conditioned on Relations.- Shift-Invariant Grouped Multi-task Learning for Gaussian Processes.- Nonparametric Bayesian Clustering Ensembles.- Directed Graph Learning via High-Order Co-linkage Analysis.- Incorporating Domain Models into Bayesian Optimization for RL.- Efficient and Numerically Stable Sparse Learning.- Fast Active Exploration for Link-Based Preference Learning Using Gaussian Processes.- Many-to-Many Graph Matching: A Continuous Relaxation Approach.- Competitive Online Generalized Linear Regression under Square Loss.- Cross Validation Framework to Choose amongst Models and Datasets for Transfer Learning.- Fast, Effective Molecular Feature Mining by Local Optimization.- Demo Papers.- AnswerArt - Contextualized Question Answering.- Real-Time News Recommender System.- CET: A Tool for Creative Exploration of Graphs.- NewsGist: A Multilingual Statistical News Summarizer.- QUEST: Query Expansion Using Synonyms over Time.- Flu Detector - Tracking Epidemics on Twitter.- X-SDR: An Extensible Experimentation Suite for Dimensionality Reduction.- SOREX: Subspace Outlier Ranking Exploration Toolkit.- KDTA: Automated Knowledge-Driven Text Annotation.- Detecting Events in a Million New York Times Articles.- Experience STORIES: A Visual News Search and Summarization System.- Exploring Real Mobility Data with M-Atlas.


Abstract To test for treatment effects in a two-way model when the classical assumptions of normality of errors and constancy of variance cannot be verified, Hora and Conover (1984) proposed a rank test in which the entire data set is ranked, the ranks are scored, and then the classical analysis of variance F statistic is applied to the scored ranks. They showed that the limiting null distribution of this test statistic is a chi-squared distribution divided by its degrees of freedom. Simulation results suggest that this procedure, called the rank-transform procedure, has good power properties. This article determines the asymptotic relative efficiency of the rank-transform procedure relative to the classical F statistic. To do this, vectors of linear rank statistics are shown to have a limiting multivariate normal distribution under a sequence of Pitman alternatives. This work is based on the results of Hajek (1968). The rank-transform statistic is then expressed as a quadratic form in the vectors, divide...


Abstract A new type of meshless method is proposed in this paper to solve regularized Laplacian boundary value problems of the form In this method, solving the Laplacian boundary value problem is starting from finding regularized Steklov eigenpairs which could provide the orthonormal basis of the space of solutions. The solutions are represented by orthogonal regularized Steklov eigenfunctions. Error bounds of Steklov approximations are provided in terms of the traces spaces of solutions. When rectangular domains are considered, explicit formulas for the regularized Steklov eigenpairs are provided. Some numerical experiments are presented to support the efficiency and accuracy of the new method.


Diabetes Mellitus is a major lifestyle metabolic disorder and doubtlessly a challenging public health problem of the 21 century. Diabetes is associated with reduced performance on various domains of cognitive function, this study was aimed to access the effect of insulin on cognitive function in patients of Diabetes Mellitus. It was a prospective, observational and non-interventional study. 60 confirmed cases of Diabetes mellitus, who were recently (within 7 days) started on insulin were enrolled as study subjects from medicine department in a random fashion. Cognitive function was assessed by Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE III) at the time of enrolment, then 1 month and 3 months of insulin treatment. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. In results there was a significant increase in Attention, memory and visuospatial ability after one and three months, in language, there was substantial increase after one month but not after three months, and in verbal fluency, there was no significant increase after one and three months. Considering all the five domains, a total score of ACE III showed a significant increase after one and three months, suggesting some role of insulin in the improvement of cognitive function. Thus, it can be speculated that treatment with insulin improves cognitive function in patients of Diabetes Mellitus. As insulin therapy is generally lifelong, long term effects of insulin on cognitive function needs to be further evaluated. INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a major lifestyle and chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, etc. requiring lifelong treatment and care. The disease burden is rising briskly, and its prevalence is estimated to increase from 382 million people with diabetes in 2013 to 592 million by 2035 1 . QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(5).2577-82 The article can be accessed online on www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(5).2577-82 Ninety-two million persons are with DM in India, second to only China 2 . The etiopathogenesis is leading to the development of Diabetes Mellitus range from autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action, classifying it into type 1 and type 2 DM respectively. The deficiency of insulin on the target tissues is considered the ground base reason for causing abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism in patients of diabetes 3 . Diabetes mellitus is considered to be one of the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, and it is a major risk factor for early onset of coronary heart disease. Its microvascular complications include


Control of electrical power systems with attached units of accumulation represents a relatively complex problem, both in terms of technical equipment and in terms of the measurement and the control algorithms. In order to control system dynamically from the viewpoint of energy flows, so particularly with regard to increasing quality of electrical energy, all processes must be processed with relatively high frequency of sampling. The paper describes the elements of electrical energy accumulation control system, which was implemented in the Technology Centre of VřB - Technical University of Ostrava. This system uses originally developed analog measuring logger, which performs data collection from the entire system, processes the data and generates the desired quantity of them for semiconductor converters control. These converters perform control of energy flows throughout the accumulation system.


In this paper, the design of a sampled-data based attack parameter-dependent $H_{\infty}$ load frequency control (LFC) scheme is concerned for multi-area power system with time-constraint denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. First, a new sampled-data based LFC model under time-constrained DoS attack is constructed, where the time-constrained DoS attack model characterized by the duration and the minimum sleep rate is constructed by known observations and measurements. Second, by integrating attack and sampling interval-dependent piecewise Lyapunov functional method, we obtain an asymptotically stability criterion with an $H_{\infty}$ performance of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed LFC scheme under time-constrained DoS attacks is verified by case studies of a two-area power system.


Comprehensive studies have been published in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology upon the subject of local community and integrated state law enforcement agencies.' These studies reveal that in Criminal Law Administration, the traditional local unit is being replaced by a centralized state organization, geared to combat the criminal technique of today and effective in administering the traffic and police regulations of a modern state.


Product family planning (PFP) design considering its assembly line balancing (ALB) optimization has been well recognized by some scholars from the perspective of concurrent engineering. However, existing models for integrating ALB into PFP either have not accounted for the influence of customer purchase behaviors, or have focused on the deterministic choice model, in which each consumer will select the product that provides his or her maximum utility surplus. This paper formulates a nonlinear optimization model with the objective of maximizing the total profit for the joint decision-making of PFP and ALB under the multinomial logit (MNL) choice model. A modified genetic algorithm is developed for solving the optimization model. A case study of office chair product family is presented to illustrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed model and algorithm. The results indicate that the total profit derived from PFP and ALB will be underestimated under the traditional sequential approach, and it will be overestimated under the deterministic choice model. Sensitivity analysis is also made for the parameters of the model under the MNL choice model, and the corresponding managerial insights are provided.


The paper focuses on two important inherent characteristics of N-values. The first being increase in N- value with depth caused by overburden pressure. It is proposed that this property of N-value may be approximately related to a root power law of confining pressure and this is specifically explained by a cavity theory in this paper. The second inherent characteristics is the change in pattern of N-value distribution with depth depending on geological age of alluvial soil deposits. Here an alluvial deposit in Busan is compared with the geological profile of Tokyo lowland area and Osaka bay. In these regions, upper parts of soft alluvial clay layer often has zero N-values indicating N-values of less than 1. This is generally followed by lower layers with large N-values. A comparative study of geological sediments shows a clear resemblance between lower parts of alluvial deposits in Busan and that of Tokyo lowland deposits of Nanagochi-so.


Artificial intelligence (AI), on the 50th anniversary of its naming, is an autonomous discipline. The field has an established record of success, as exemplified by three recent achievements presented at AAAI-06/IAAI-06. It is now mature enough to collaborate productively with its sister disciplines, realizing the dream of ubiquitous computational intelligence.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a set of ground experiment system to verify the basic functions of space effector and the capturing reliability of space end-effector for the free-floating target payload in the three-dimensional space. The development of ground experiment system for space end-effector is essential and significant, because it costs too much to launch a space robot or other spacecraft and carry out operation tasks in space. Owing to the negligible gravity in space, which is different from that in the ground environment, ground experiment system for space end-effector should have the capability of verifying the basic functions of space effector and the reliability of space end-effector in capturing the free-floating target payload in space. Design/methodology/approach – The ground experiment system for space end-effector mainly adopts the hybrid simulation method, which includes the real hardware experiment and software simulation. To emulate the micro-gravity environment, t...


For quadratic polynomial f : C → C with connected Julia set, the Yoccoz inequality states the multiplier λ for a fixed point of f with combinatorial rotation number p/q satisfies | log λ−2πip/q| = O(1/q). We improve this bound to O(1/q) when p = 1.


Abstract This is a founders' narrative and research paper content analysis of the first 15 years of the Management Spirituality and Religion Interest Group (MSR) of the Academy of Management. Based on archival data and founder interviews, our inquiry recounts how the early collaborators established the Interest Group. The founders interviewed were identified through preliminary inquiry and from archival sources. As complement and extension, we concurrently conducted a content analysis of the 15 years of MSR Best Papers and Carolyn Dexter Award MSR nominated papers for Academy internationalization: a corpus epitomizing MSR research and practice. The combined study is a benchmark of founding and institutionalization for current and potential MSR members. By tracing the research trends MSR has taken in light of the founding aspirations, we illuminate the distinctive values, tensions, and meanings of spirituality in management practices that infuse MSR with its enduring organizational vitality.


The present invention relates to a lithium sulfur battery comprising a positive electrode for a lithium sulfur battery, including a space forming layer and, more specifically, to a lithium sulfur battery comprising a positive electrode for a lithium sulfur battery, in which a space forming layer serves as a buffer layer. In the lithium sulfur battery comprising a positive electrode for a lithium sulfur battery, including a space forming layer according to the present invention, polysulfide generated at the time of charging and discharging is held in the space forming layer to prevent the elution of the polysulfide into an electrolyte, thereby improving the initial charging and discharging efficiency and lifespan characteristics of the lithium sulfur battery, and the space forming layer can be used as a current collector, thereby manufacturing a lithium sulfur battery with a reduced weight or volume.


Building training data is labor-intensive and presents a major obstacle to advancing machine learning technologies such as machine translators, named entity recognizers (NER), part-of-speech taggers, etc. Training data are often specialized for a particular language or Natural Language Processing (NLP) task. Knowledge captured by a specific set of training data is not easily transferable, even to the same NLP task in another language. Emerging technologies, such as social networks and serious games, offer a unique opportunity to change how we construct training data.

While collaborative games have been used in information retrieval, it is an open issue whether users can contribute accurate annotations in a collaborative game context for a problem that requires an exact answer, such as games that would create named entity recognition training data. We present PackPlay, a collaborative game framework that empirically shows players' ability to mimic annotation accuracy and thoroughness seen in gold standard annotated corpora.


ABSTRACT Aim With an increasing percentage of retinal pathology because of diabetes, eye screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is in demand throughout the world. Haemorrhages (HEs) are one of the common signs for the red lesion detection for early diagnosis of this progressive degenerative disease of the retina. The detection of HEs in early stage prevents further progression of the eye disease and reduces the risk of blindness. Methods: The proposed method is based on morphological segmentation and geometrical feature techniques for HEs extraction. This approach uses preprocessing, removal of other retinal image details, determining connected components analysis and applying a specific shape feature set which results in improving the recognition of HEs. Results: The proposed algorithm demonstrated 95.47% accuracy for a Diaretdb1 database at image level detection. Moreover, the proposed method achieved better performance results for HEs extraction when individual images were analysed and compared with the true HEs count according to the multiple expert evaluations. Conclusion: The results obtained prove the potential use of the proposed algorithm in terms of true HEs count to facilitate the DR grading criteria related to HEs.


The effect of D-101 macroporous resin on separation and adsorption capacity of water-soluble saponins was studied by spectrophotometry. The results show that dioscin content was elevated from 13. 1% to 27. 3% with the condition of 70% ethanol and adsorbing 2 hours. D101 macroporous resin has better adsorption capacity.


Water insecurity may precipitate interpersonal conflict, although no studies to date have rigorously examined these relationships. We examined relationships between household demographics, water insecurity, regional conflict, and interpersonal conflict over water. Using survey data from eight sub-Saharan African countries, we found that interpersonal conflict within and outside the home is associated with multiple domains of water insecurity, particularly accessibility. Furthermore, we found that higher levels of remote violence and protests are associated with greater within household conflict, whereas riots and violent armed conflict are associated with greater conflict between neighbors. Our findings expand upon the current literature by examining factors affecting interpersonal conflict over water, which may become increasingly important as precipitation patterns and land temperatures change in this region.


Room-temperature pulsed operation of a GaxIn1−xAsyP1−y/Gax'In1−x'Asy'P1−y' double-heterostructure visible injection laser diode is reported. The laser diode is grown by liquid-phase epitaxy on (100) GaAs, and the active layer is grown by a two-phase-solution technique. The threshold current density is 16 kA/cm2 for the laser diode lasing at about 721 nm at room temperature.


System reliability is getting more and more important in modern industrial drives. Currently the most frequent source of a drive breakdown is a defect of the bearings, which at the same time is most difficult to detect especially under inverter operation. The exploitation of the transient current slope was shown to give an accurate means to identify the machines transient reactances and thus also to detect possible asymmetries in the airgap. In this paper the influence of different types of eccentricity on the transient current slope of the machine excited by voltage pulses is investigated. Special attention is paid to the influence of combined static and dynamic eccentricity as this combination, due to the non linear behavior of the lamination gives rise to specific modulation that is clearly detectable. The investigation is done at machines with two and four pole pairs. The signal obtained corresponds to the inverse transient reactance. It contains different components of inherent asymmetries in the machine as well as in the case of eccentricity additional modulations that can be extracted. For a machine with two poles static eccentricity leads to a change in the signal offset, whereas dynamic eccentricity rotating with the rotor leads to a modulation with twice the mechanical frequency of the rotor. Mixed eccentricity finally leads to change in signal offset as well as a modulation corresponding to a fundamental wave with respect to the mechanical frequency. For a machine with four poles it is advantageous to use the signals obtained from single phase excitation separately.


The diffusion of gases through metals is considered from the point of view of chemical compounds between the metal or a constituent of it and the gas, all at chemical equilibrium. Without reference to the surface conditions the usual laws of diffusion are derived, and Fick's linear diffusion law is shown to be a consequence of the hypothesis. Cases are treated where one compound between the gas and metal is formed, where two compounds are formed, where one compound is formed between the metal and gas and another formed between an alloying agent and the gas, and where the same compound is formed but the metal has a transition between two forms. The theory correlates the magnitude of the exponent of the gas pressure in the diffusion isotherms with the chemical reactions within the metal. It also leads to certain consequences in regard to the magnitude of the diffusion and the energy of activation.


It is very difficult to get a closed-form solution for option′ s price. An Asian call option is considered in this paper. By using the method of probability and the theory of geometric average and integral, a closed-from s olution to the option's price is given under suitable condition..


An instrument is demonstrated whereby radiographic images of a sample's electron density are compiled from the information encoded in the energy spectra of gamma rays backscattered from one side of the sample. Nondestructive inspection of aluminum airframes is the application of interest, so it is assumed that access is restricted to only one surface of the object under inspection. Use of energy coding allows imaging in a fan beam rather than independent interrogation of individual volume elements. The Multiplexed Compton Scatter Tomograph (MCST) instrument consists of an array of planar high-purity germanium detectors, a set of fan beam collimators, and a Cd/sup 109/ radionuclide source. Instrument signals are converted to electron density images using a penalized weighted least squares image reconstruction algorithm coupled with a deterministic system model that includes effects of finite source and detector size, detector resolution and efficiency, attenuation, and Doppler broadening. The Doppler broadening, resulting from the momentum distribution of bound electrons, is significant at the energies used here. The proof-of-principle instrument is demonstrated on some aluminum samples. In an 8-mm thick sample with a 4 mm void in its center, contrast recovery of 90% is achieved. In a 10-mm thick sample with a 3 rum void at the back, about 85% of the contrast is recovered.


A 45-year-old woman presented with spontaneous discolouration around the left eye for 1 week. She also gave a history of easy fatigability for 1 month. There was no history of any preceding injury in the head and neck area. She denied any headache, vomiting or visual disturbances. Examination showed hepatosplenomegaly and ecchymosis around the left eye (raccoon eye), along with subconjunctival haemorrhage (figure 1A). Her fundus examination was unremarkable. Her haemoglobin was 138 g/L, white blood cell count was 51×109/L and platelet was 19×109/L. Her …


Two core drilled boreholes in Southern Sweden were logged and the cores were inspected in order to correlate the results with the geological features. The resistivity log showed that the amphibolites in the two boreholes had very different resistivity. In one borehole the resistivity was high, whereas it was lower in the other. The visual inspection of the cores could not give an explanation as the amphibolites appeared similar. However, microscopy of the low resistivity amphibolites showed weathered pyroxenes, probably caused by introduction of water along the lithological contact between the amphibolites and the regional gneiss. The resistivity logs can thus detect even low grades of weathering of amphibolites which can be important for the mechanical properties of the rock.


In this paper, the author researches on the copyright based recording permission model for music works. der to improve the efficiency of interactive sports function value bidirectional relationship model construction, the difference analysis method of non-shaping structure is proposed in this paper. The copyright permission of music works under the network environment is a global problem. The copyright of music works is more complex than other copyright types from the subject, object and type of rights. Faced with a large number of music works in the network environment and a large amount of public demand for music works, the traditional "one to one" authorization mode to solve the "massive works, massive authorization" problem is extremely inefficient. Under the network environment, copyright collective management license and statutory license are two effective licensing models to solve the copyright licensing problem. In this paper, the author discussed this problem with big data mining and the experiment result shows the proposed method and model is efficient in solving this problem.


A mechanistic kinetic model of gel firmness development during milk gel formation is presented. The model correctly accounts for the influence of enzymatic κ‐casein hydrolysis on the rate of firmness development in renneted milk gels. The model used is based on two first‐order reactions occurring in series. The first reaction is enzymatically controlled and corresponds to the formation of gel crosslink sites by κ‐casein hydrolysis. The second reaction is nonenzymatic and corresponds to the process of crosslink formation and depletion of active sites. The model successfully predicts gel firmness development in the temperature range 31–45°C for a variety of initial enzyme concentrations.


It is conventional wisdom that chronic airflow obstruction can result either from narrowing of airways or from loss of elastic recoil of the lung. It is all too easy to equate airways disease with ...


AbstractThe conquest of Canaan by Thutmose III came at the end of a long period during which the urban culture of Palestine had gradually crumbled. The infiltration of northern groups during the sixteenth century B.C. was a major factor in the collapse of the Canaanite urban system. The fall of the Hyksos Dynasty, a close ally of the south Canaanite centres of Palestine, and Ahmose's conquest of the centre of Shir/lhon (Tell el-cAjjul) further contributed to the collapse. Inner Canaan remained outside the area conquered and dominated by Ahmose and his heirs. It was a weakened, partly desolated and ruined country that Thutmose III was able to conquer and subdue following his decisive victory at Megiddo (c. 1457 B.C.).


New measurements of the impurity ion poloidal rotation profile have been made in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), allowing the determination of radial electric field profiles. A bifurcation of the impurity poloidal velocity is observed in reversed shear discharges before the transition to enhanced confinement. Significant differences between measured and neoclassically calculated values of poloidal velocity and radial electric field have been observed. Velocity measurements in a number of confinement regimes (supershot, reversed shear, and L-mode) suggest that the impurity poloidal velocity profile is correlated with the ion temperature profile.


Communicating geoheritage is one of the most active areas for new ideas to support a long-term relationship with visitors and a broader digital community of supporters. Communicating geoheritage starts with interpretation to build understanding; progresses through education to build a deeper appreciation; and uses public outreach during decision-making to foster stewardship, protection, and a conservation ethic.


ABSTRAC Cloud computing, nowadays is gaining wide acceptance by the business enterprises. However, despite gaining acceptance and having several advantages there have been issues related to building of trust when the end user hands over the crucial operations of enterprise to another party in the hope that this party will safely upkeep the company's belongings. This paper addresses the issues of building the trust in the cloud wherein the end user is assured of the fact that when he is giving the company's belongings to another party it is safe and secure. The design of the paper follows a structured approach. It starts with the basics of setting the background for cloud computing, further moving down to dealing with the structure of cloud and then gradually moving on to the process of defining trust and the various types of trust that can be deployed. Finally, the paper concludes with the limitations as to how it can be further utilized in the process of building trust.


Abstract Purpose: The invention relates to the oil industry, inorganic chemistry, in particular, to the methods of complex processing of formation water, using flare gas of oil and gas field as fuel for producing enriched concentrates of iodine, bromine, magnesium and valuable trace elements, as well as desalinated water (technical and drinking water). The technology includes pre-cleaning of formation water from mechanical impurities and oil using adsorbents, followed by evaporation of water under vacuum, condensing water vapor in the barometric condenser, using of condensed water vapor as the coolant, using of saline water as a coolant of hot water coming out of the barometric condenser to 15–20 °C. The novelty of the design?: The novelty of the design is to get a comprehensive treatment of formation water, using flare gas of oil and gas field as fuel for obtaining enriched concentrates of iodine, bromine, magnesium and valuable trace elements, as well as desalinated water (technical and drinking water)....


We report the results of the Chandra ACIS subarcsecond resolution X-ray observation of the archetypal merger radio galaxy NGC 1316 (Fornax A). We confirm the presence of fine substructures in the hot interstellar medium (ISM). Some of these are likely to result from interaction with the radio jets, while others may be related to a complex intermingling of different phases of the ISM. We detect a low-luminosity X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) with LX = 5 × 1039 ergs s-1 (in 0.3-8 keV) and a Γ = 1.7 power-law energy spectrum. We also detect 81 point sources within the 25th magnitude isophotal ellipse of NGC 1316 (LX in the range of 2 × 1037 to 2 × 1039 ergs s-1), with hard (kT ~ 5 keV) X-ray spectra, typical of X-ray binaries, and a spatial radial distribution consistent with that of the optical (i.e., stellar) surface brightness. We derive the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of these sources, correcting for the incompleteness at the faint end caused by the presence of the diffuse emission from the hot ISM in the central regions of NGC 1316 and by the widening of the Chandra point-spread functions at increasing distance from the aim point. With these corrections, the XLF is well reproduced by a single—unbroken—power law with a slope of -1.3 down to our threshold luminosity of ~3 × 1037 ergs s-1. The hot ISM has temperatures in the 0.5-0.6 keV range, its surface brightness distribution is more centrally concentrated than that of the point sources, and its temperature appears to decrease at larger radii. These properties suggest that the ISM may be subject to partial winds. Taking into account the spectral complexity of the ISM, and the presence of unresolved low luminosity X-ray sources (which can be inferred from the spectra), we constrain the metal abundance of the hot ISM to be Z = 0.25-1.3 Z☉ (90% confidence).


A novel method was developed for the synthesis of acid-esters via monodemethylation of a dimethyl ester by 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and subsequent conversion of the resulting trimethylhydrazonium ester to the desired acid-ester. The method is facile and seems to have a wide range of applicability.


The article uses the unified UML modeling language to visualize production elements. To show some of the advantages of the proposed approach, the main components of the production system are defined: technological machines, operators, materials, products and the production process. A class diagram is used to represent the components. Defined attributes and methods of each class: attributes and methods to each class that define its properties and behavior. The Machine class can have attributes such as machine ID and Destination, and methods such as start() and stop(). Relationships between classes are established: association, aggregation, and composition to represent relationships between classes. The Production Process class can have an aggregation relationship with the Machine class, indicating that the production process consists of multiple machines. This work contains UML diagrams and description tables that make it possible to structure the activity of the technological process in production. The technological process of manufacturing products is shown, which is presented in detail on the state diagram.


The death of an offspring presents parents and other family members with experiences which may isolate them from some of the social relations with which they were previously involved. Published research indicates substantial differences in the ways in which many men and women cope with grief and provides evidence of isolation within the marital relationship itself. This paper reports on research into the experiences of parents whose children have died and considers ways in which personal grief may serve both to isolate individual parents from previous social networks, and to drive them towards alternative relations in which the significance of their loss may be acknowledged, and its meanings explored. Drawing on notions of community and of the sentiments which underpin social networks (Durkheim, 1964; Douglas & Calvez, 1990; Crow & Allan, 1994), it is suggested that a bereaved parent culture may offer both emotional release and support in a search for meaning.


Based on modern power system equipment maintenance system,this article expounds it is necessary and possible to implement condition monitoring on high-voltage circuit breaker.Because breaker failure mechanism is complex,the relationship of fault type and fault symptom is uncertain,it can not make sure the fault type and fault place by one or several experiments.It suggests using vibration signal to monitor and diagnose the machinery condition of high voltage circuit breaker.Using rough set theory can simplify the required information of fault diagnosis,and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.


In a world with a growing demand in energy and a great dependence on limited fossil fuels, electrochemical energy storage arises as the key alternative to meet the needs of current society. In particular, lithium batteries stand out among all the available energy-storage technologies. For the last two decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominative components in portable electronic devices.
 As one of the most critical components, the choice of the electrolyte plays a pivotal role for preparing safe and high performance LIBs. Most of the commercial lithium batteries are built up with liquid electrolytes, which entails potential security risks such as volatilization, flammability and explosion. For this reason, numerous research efforts are focused on the obtaining of solvent-free solid electrolytes. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered as one of the most viable solutions to replace their liquid counterparts. SPEs have many advantages over conventional liquid electrolytes such as high energy density, low reactivity with the electrodes, and the mitigation of the Li dendrite growth. Additionally, in contrast to inorganic solid electrolytes, SPEs can attenuate the interfacial resistance and improve the electrode-electrolyte compatibility compared to ceramic electrolytes.
 Among all the existing polymer hosts for SPEs, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is the most commonly used one due to its strong solvation ability that facilitates the dissociation of various lithium salts. However, PEO lacks some essential requirements when considering it as an ideal host material for SPE; namely the low Li-ion conductivity at ambient temperature due to its crystalline nature. Thus, the low Li-ion conductivity of SPEs at ambient temperature remains as the major hindrance towards the practical deployment of lithium polymer batteries.1, 2 In addition, the anion concentration gradient that takes place in conventional dual-ion conductors is one of the factors responsible for low Li-ion transference number (T
 Li
 + < 0.5) and consequently are more susceptible to polarization phenomena that eventually limit the power density and cycle life of lithium batteries. The main strategy to go through this polarization problem is the development of single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SLIC-SPEs), where the anion is immobilized by different means.3 In order to overcome this drawback, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to the design and synthesis of new polymeric matrices that allow obtaining SPEs with improved ionic conductivity at room temperature, where modification such as cross-linking or copolymerization, or the use of low molecular weight oligomers are the main used strategies.
 Inspired by previously stated challenges, in the present work we will present the performance of novel flexible and highly conductive SPEs with the purpose of decreasing the working temperature. Moreover, taking advantage of the good conductivity of the synthesized polymer host, the role of different additives on the performance of newly synthesized SLIC-SPEs is provided.

 References:

 Mauger, A., Armand, M., Julien, C. M. & Zaghib, K. Challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries. J. Power Sources
 353, 333–342 (2017).

 Fan, L., Wei, S., Li, S., Li, Q. & Lu, Y. Recent Progress of the Solid-State Electrolytes for High-Energy Metal-Based Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater.
 1702657, 1702657 (2018).

 Zhang, H. et al. Single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes: advances and perspectives. Chem. Soc. Rev.
 46, 797–815 (2017).


In the field of international law, mainly two terms suffer from the lack of definition although they are permanently and strikingly presented. The Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations (1970) emphasises the freedom of states to shape autonomously their political and social life without interference from other states. The concept of democracy, the true core of which is to enable the majority of members of a community to finally decide about their needs, could only be realised if the right of the governmental votes corresponds to the number of the represented population. In international law a strict claim for democracy and a strict prohibition on treating undemocratic governments as lawful are unacceptable as long as no guarantee exists that democracy would never infringe upon international law. Keywords: democracy; international law; United Nations


In order to solve software reliability problems, in this paper we propose a description of the testing process based on input domain which is on the basis of the random testing processing. Then in accordance with the definition of Bayesian methods we defines the prior distribution of the reliability of the software. Finally, we gain the posterior distribution of the estimated variable using the prior distribution and overall distribution so as to the reliability of the software is evaluated.


List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction: Marks & Spencer, Democratisation and the History of Non-Elite Clothing 1: Marks & Spencer, Retailing and the Ready-to-Wear Clothing Industry 2: The Role of Technological Innovation 3: Marks & Spencer and Fashion: The Importance of Design 4: Selling Fashion 5: Marks & Spencer and the Internationalisation of Fashion Conclusion: Changing the Definitions of Fashion: Quality and Value for All Bibliography Index


The proton and 13C NMR of azulene and dialkylaminohydroxyphenyl squaraines have been investigated. The four-membered ring carbon resonances occur in the 180–190 ppm range and are attributed to the cyclobutenediylium character of this structure. Some charge delocalization from the central ring to the pendent aromatic substituents was also observed, indicative of a substituent effect of the squaraine moiety on aminoaromatic systems equivalent to that of a formyl or acetyl group. Hydroxy squaraines 10 and 11 show the presence of two isomeric squaraine species in the proton NMR in deuterochloroform. Saturation transfer experiments confirm that these species are readily interconverted, and cis/trans isomerism is consistent with these observations. The free energy difference between the two isomers at 318 K is calculated to be 3.0 and 3.2 kJ/mol for hydroxysquaraines 10 and 11 respectively. Keywords: squaraines, saturation transfer, NMR.


In this article through the typical example,comprehensive information services platform of Xinghuo science and technology "12396" in Shandong province was introduced,e.g.,information service hotline,remote video diagnosis,mobile phone short message,intelligence experts functions,which was important for agricultural information popularization.


This article describes the design and construction of the Sentosa bridge. The geology of the site situated on St John Facies, is characterized mainly by mudstone and muddy fine sandstone/siltstone. The bridge is an arch shaped 7 span continuous bridge with a length of 380m. It is monolithic with the pier and pile foundation. A self- elevating platform, a special dismountable cofferwall, and balanced double cantilever methods of construction were used for the first time in Singapore. The use of cofferwalls as watertight enclosures for the construction of pile-caps instead of sheetpile walls or cofferdams resulted in considerable savings in cost and time. The self-elevating platforms worked well at water depths between 10m and 20m and three piles could be drilled and cast in one positioning. The complex curve of the side faces and parabolic soffits of the box girders could be formed and constructed accurately using the in-situ balanced double cantilever construction method. There was no need to employ specialised heavy lifting equipment and very little obstruction was caused to navigation during the construction.


Applications of the z-transform were made earlier to interfacial electron transfer involving semi-infinite solids, e.g., semiconductor/liquid and metal/liquid interfaces and scanning tunneling microscopy. It is shown how the method is readily adapted to treat composite materials, such as solid/solid interfaces or "molecular wire"/solid interfaces.


Aniline and unhindered alkyl-substituted anilines undergo solvolysis in dioxane and DME saturated with dry hydrogen chloride on diazotisation with isoamyl nitrite to give 2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl aryl ethers and 2-methoxyethyl aryl ethers respectively in 36-47% yields. 2,6-Dialkyl-substituted anilines give the corresponding chloro compounds as the major product along with the aryl ethers in lower yields. Diazotisation of aniline in ethylene glycol and monomethyl ethers of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol gave the corresponding alcoholysis products in low yields. The solvolysis of aniline did not occur on diazotisation in diethyl ether or THF.


We have recently demonstrated that a novel n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (β-oxa 21:3n-3) was a more potent and more selective anti-inflammatory agent than n-3 PUFA. To gain further insights into this technology, we synthesized other novel PUFA consisting of β-oxa, β-thia, and γ-thia compounds. All three types displayed anti-inflammatory activity. Each of the unsaturated β-oxa fatty acids showed similar inhibition of PHA-PMA-induced T cell proliferation with a parallel inhibition of TNF-β production. However, β-oxa 25:6n-3 and β-oxa 21:4n-3 displayed lower inhibitory action on IFN-γ production. Surprisingly, β-oxa 23:4n-6 and β-oxa 21:3n-6 had marginal effect on IL-2 production. Thus, structural variation can generate selectivity for different immunological parameters. The β-thia compounds 23:4n-6, 21:3n-6, and 21:3n-3 were highly effective in inhibiting all immunological responses. Of the two γ-thia PUFA tested, γ-thia 24:4n-6 was a strong inhibitor of all responses apart from IL-2, but γ-thia 22:3n-6 had very little inhibitory effect. Two of the most active compounds, β-thia 23:4n-6 and β-thia 21:3n-6, were studied in more detail and shown to have an IC50 of 1–2 μM under optimal conditions. Thus, these PUFA retain the immunosuppressive properties of the n-3 PUFAs, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, but not the neutrophil-stimulating properties. Their action on T lymphocytes is independent of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase activity, and they act at a postreceptor-binding level by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase C and ERK1/ERK2 kinases.


In this paper, almond oil cake was used as raw material for the preparation of almond protein powder. The optimal alkali-soluble technological conditions were as follows: temperature of 45℃, time of 2.5 hour, the amount of pH of 8.5, liquid-solid ratio of 25:1(v/w), under which the protein extraction rate reached 67.6%.


Foreword. Acknowledgements. Special Lectures. The role of resistance arteries in the control of the peripheral vasculature (B.R. Duling). Pharmacomechanical coupling. The phosphatidylinositol (PIP) cascade and modulation of Ca 2+ -sensitivity (A.V. Somlyo, T. Kitazawa, A.P. Somlyo). Discussion sessions. Chairpersons' reports. Vascular growth in hypertension (J.G.R. de Mey, A. Bobik). Membranes and drug action (J.A. Bevan, T. Godfraind). Pressure profile in resistance arteries (H.G. Bohlen, K. Aukland). Methodology (W. Halpern, W.M. Chilian). Endothelium (E. Bassenge, T.F. Luscher). Debate. Chairpersons' report. The role of resistance arteries in the pathogenesis of hypertension (P.I. Korner, J.D. Swales). Reports. Pressure profile (5 papers). Excitation-contraction coupling (9 papers). Membrane channels (6 papers). Neurogenic mechanisms and peptides (7 papers). Myogenic responses (4 papers). Vasomotion (3 papers). Flow dependent responses (3 papers). Endothelium (9 papers). Pharmacology (6 papers). Structure and hypertension (5 papers). Altered vascular function in hypertension (5 papers). Diabetes and atherosclerosis (2 papers). Methods (5 papers). Poster groups. Moderators' reports. (10 papers). Index of authors. Keyword index.


in the course of their analyses. Underlying the BSP and BICS analyses are the data management problems that result from systems design approaches that optimize the management of technology at the expense of managing the data. Iri comparing BSP and BICS, jive similarities and five diflerences are selected for discussion, and, finally, the strengths and weaknesses of each methodology are noted. The choice between using one or the other methodology is strongly influenced by the immediate intent of the study sponsor, tempered by the limiting factors currently surrounding the BICS methodology. Business Systems Planning (BSP)' and Business Information Control Study (BICS)~ are representative of enterprise analysis tools that are growing in importance and are likely to become mandatory for any business that continues to grow and evolve. BSP and BICS have common roots in their attempts to describe a business at the enterprise level in terms of its information characteristics. As our understanding of information systems evolves, it is becoming clear that some enterprise-level description of a business unit is required for several reasons. First, there is a requirement to select information system resource investment opportunities that hold the greatest relative potential benefit for the business unit as a whole. Therefore, some comprehensive identification of enterprise-wide opportunities for employing information technologies must be made in order to establish a context within which the relative assessment can be made. Second, because of the necessity to produce short-term results in any given enterprise, there is a requirement to design and build large numbers of small systems. To avoid high costs of redesign for integration purposes, the small systems should be built in such a Copyright 1982 by International Business Machines Corporation. Copying is permitted without payment of royalty provided that (1) each reproduction is done without alteration and (2) the Journal reference and IBM copyright notice are included on the first page. The title and abstract may be used without further permission in computer-based and other information-service systems. Permission to republish other excerpts should be obtained from the Editor.


We proposed an algorithm named OCBridge to effectively reconfigure the topology of optical data center network. Simulation results show it can reduce hotspots and achieve better throughput in data center networks compared with relative proposals.


Spring analogy and remeshing method for dynamic unstructured grids is used to solving the problem of rocket boosters separating from spaceship.The method couples Euler equation and 6DOF equation to simulate the separating trajectory.Solutions are advanced in time by a four-stage Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme.The flow solver is an improved implementation of Barth and Jespersen's unstructured schemes.The solution in this context can be broken naturally into three phrases.First part: Simulation the spaceship flow-field,which is greatly according with experiment results.Second part: Simulation the steady flow-field of the spaceship and booster,which gives the state before the separation simulated.And then simulation the spring-separated and the rocket-separated project,which gives different results of two boosters separation at the same time or different time in different attack angle and sideslip angle.The booster trajectory is primary determined by spring forces at beginning and aerodynamic forces at last in the spring-separated project,the booster can be released safely form spaceship;It can be concluded from result of the rocket-separated project that the disturbance in the flow-field caused by separating rocket weakens the influence of free stream And the spaceship forces fluctuation in different project cannot be disregard.


The invention proposes a method (200) for the production of acetylene, wherein the calcium carbide in a Calciumcarbidumsetzungsschritt (10) is reacted to form acetylene and calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide with water. The calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide is at least partially reacted in a Calciumcarbidbildungsschritt (20) with the formation of calcium carbide and hydrogen with methane and / or at least one hydrocarbon having two or more carbon atoms. A corresponding system (100) is also subject of the present invention.