An investigation was carried out on river crab (Potamonaute ebiaensis) to determine prospects and potential constraints for possible trial in aquaculture. Two treatments consisting of male and female were established and replicated 5 times. The specimens weighed 37g to 81.5g and 37g to 47g respectively. The width of their carapace ranged from 3.5cm m to 4.5c and 3.5cm to 3.9cmrespectively. Formulated catfish feed with 42% crude protein was fed at 0.5% to 1.2% body weight. Small crabs responded quicker to feeding than the bigger ones. Casualties were recorded, first within 24 hours until 2 weeks after stocking. Relative survival impact of the males (mean 72.4) was higher than those of the females (mean 46.2). There was a poor relationship between weights and survival. The coefficient of the determination (r2) for the female and male were 0.03 and 0.1 respectively. Subsequent investigations might consider other methods of handling specimens, growth performance of the crab species and feed formulation.


The cow infertility can directly affect the economic benefits of dairy cattle raising The paper detailed the reasons of different types of disease in reproductive system treatment and prevention measures.


We designed and fabricated a microfluidic system, which has 128 microchannels for observation of muliticellular filamentous cyanobacteria, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, under microscope for a long term with controlled perfusion culture. Using automated programming, we were able to monitor cell differentiation and growth of many filaments at the same time in this device. We are able to inject medium or reagent individually into each channel at any time during the experiment. Since more than 100 different filaments were cultured for 96 hours continuously, we succeeded in observing their morphogenesis clearly.


In this work, we propose a semi-supervised boot-strapping approach for relation extraction in domain specific texts, specifically focusing on agricultural domain. Our approach utilizes the BERT model with dependency parsing for relation extraction. The proposed model, focuses on identifying five inter subdomain relations viz., Soil_Location, Soil_Crop, Disease_Pathogen, Pathogen_Crop, and Chemical_Crop. We created a corpus of 30,000 sentences extracted from recognised agriculture sites to evaluate the model. The labeled relations were then manually checked to evaluate the prediction accuracy. We used a test corpus with 700 sentences that included 3500 triplets for the evaluation. The proposed approach presents an average macro F -Score of 86.4 %, which is quite promising for semi-supervised domain specific relation extraction systems. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed approach in classifying relational phrases in a semi-supervised set-up for the agricultural domain.


Electosynthesis of N-Substituted DL-Arylglycineesters and 1,2-Diarylamino-1,2-diarylethanes by Cathodic Reduction of Azomethines in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide

The electroreduction of the N-arylidene-arylamines 1–12 in CO2-saturated solvents of low proton availability as DMF at markedly more positive potentials than carbon dioxide end up in carboxylating the C-atom and hydrogenating the nitrogen of the double bond. The resulting N-arylsubstituted DL-arylglycines and traces of carbamates may be isolated as esters, adding ethylchloride during the electrolysis. A competing pathway of the electrocarboxylation is the CC-hydrodimerisation and the hydrogenation of the double bond, whose importance increases with the water content of the solvent. Based on cyclic-voltametric evidence and product analysis the mechanism of the reductive electrocarboxylation reaction is discussed in terms of nucleophilic attack of the azomethine anion radical on a proton or CO2.


This paper puts forward the concept of incentive utility, which converts the value of each attribute in multi-attribute decision-making into a unified index for measurement, thus simplifying multi-attribute decision-making. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation model based on the TOPSIS of incentive utility is established. Through the establishment of incentive index, the utility of incentive and the calculation of ideal point of utility, the disadvantage of "ideal point is not ideal" in the TOPSIS is overcome. It can better synthesize the sub-attribute value and realize the subjective multi-attribute decision-making. The example shows that the model can apply subjective factors to decision-making scientifically, and the result is more reasonable and effective.


Several multimolecular forms have been reported in human native plasminogen. This paper deals with the assessing method for multiforms of plasminogen, and multiform patterns obtained in healthy adults, newborns and patients with renal disease.The multiforms in individuals were assessed by disc gel electrophoresis with continuous buffered system containing EACA. As the mobility of each subform to myoglobin was highly reproducible, the mobility of each form of plasminogen from various origin could be compared. Purified plasminogen from most of persons was consisted of five major native plasminogens and a few minor ones. Furthermore, the mobility of each subform was identical in three groups. The results obtained suggested that the neonatal and adult plasminogen might be synthesized by the same gene.


By using Plya's theorem of enumeration and de Bruijn's generalization of Plya's theorem, we obtain the numbers of various weak equivalence classes of func- tions in R D relative to permu.tation groups G and H where R D is the set of all func- tions from a finite set D to a finite set R, G acts on D and H acts on R. We present an algorithm for obtaining the equivalence classes of functions counted in de BruiJn's theorem, i.e., to determine which functions belong to the same equivalence class. We also use our algorithm to construct the family of non-isomorphic fm-graphs relative to a given group.


There is a strong tendency of the relationship between President Yun Posun and Prime Minister Chang Myun only with the cliquish conflict between the old faction and the new faction in the Democratic Party in the description of the political history of the Second Republic of Korea. It cannot be said that this description method is completely wrong, but in order to understand the relationship between President Yun Posun and Prime Minister Chang Myun during the Second Republic of Korea better, it is necessary to look into not only the persons, 'Yun Posun' and 'Chang Myun' themselves, but also their positions, 'President' and 'Prime Minister' more closely. Especially, we should pay attention to a few principal authorities given to the President, who is the nominal head of the state under the parliamentary system. Contradiction and confusion over the authorities and responsibilities of the President and Prime Minister continued throughout the Second Republic of Korea. Although the Parliamentary system the Second Republic of Korea adopted modeled the pure Parliamentary system of the U.K., there was a confusion as if the President had power as in the Presidential system by giving the President substantial authorities to check for fear of the dictatorship of the majority party in the Parliament and the Prime Minister. Here, the cliquish opposition of interest aroused an interpretation from a self-centered angle, concerning the President's constitutional authorities and responsibilities, which consequently, brought about an amplified collision between these two persons as time passed. Also, immediately after the May 16 Coup, President Yun Posun and Prime Minister Chang Myun shifted responsibilities to the other, regarding the issue of 'prerogative of supreme command' directly related to the suppression of the coup, which is a typical example that clearly shows how serious problems the conflicts of authorities between the President and the Prime Minister because of the institutional contradiction of the times caused.


BACKGROUND: Polyamines are acting as signaling molecules during adaptation to stressful environment and as regulators of plant development. In plants, polyamines are represented mainly by putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The concentration of polyamines in symbiotic nodules of some legumes is 510 times higher than in the other organs, which indicates their important role in the formation and functioning of symbiotic nodules.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the expression of genes encoding polyamine biosynthesis enzymes in symbiotic nodules, as well as the effect of exogenous polyamines on the nodule number and the average nodule weight in wild-type SGE plants and symbiotic pea mutants SGEFix-1 (sym40-1) and SGEFix-2 (sym33-3).
RESULTS: The comparable expression level of arginine decarboxylase gene (PsADC) was observed in all analyzed nodules, whereas the expression level of ornithine decarboxylase gene (PsODC), was highly increased in nodules of SGEFix-2 (sym33-3) mutant. Treatment of the root system with a 0.1 mM solution of polyamines mixture led to an increase in the average weight of the nodule in wild-type plants and in the SGEFix-2 (sym33-3) mutant plants.
CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that the main pathway of putrescine synthesis in wild-type pea symbiotic nodules is the arginine pathway, while the ornithine pathway is probably associated with activation of plant defense reactions. Polyamines acting, apparently, through ethylene, affect the functioning of the nodule meristem.


This work is concerned with multi-dimensional integrals, which are making their appearance in few-body atomic and nuclear physics. It is shown that the relevant two- and three-dimensional integrals can be reduced to one-dimensional form. This implies that the internal one- and two-dimensional integrals can be evaluated in explicit analytic form in term of the familiar generalized hypergeometric functions. Some of the integrals are presented here for the first time.


kept at 29ºC for 10 days to allow the expression of the UAS constructs. Apc2 N175K is a loss-of-function allele, Apc Q8 is a null allele, UAS-Ras V12 and UAS-Tkv Q253 are gain-of-function transgenes. UAS-Tkv DN is a dominant negative transgene. Stocks were obtained form Bloomington Stock Center and VDRC. Staining and antibodies. Adult female flies were dissected in PBS. All the digestive tract was removed and fixed in PBS and 4% electron microscopy grade paraformaldehyde (Polysciences, USA) for 35 minutes. Samples were rinsed 3 times with PBS, 4% BSA, 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBT-BSA), incubated with the primary antibody overnight at 4°C and with the secondary antibody for 2 hours at room temperature. Finally, the samples were rinsed 3 times with PBT-BSA and mounted in DAPI-containing media (Vectashield, USA). All the steps were performed without mechanical agitation. Primary antibody mouse -Dl (1:10), was obtained from the


Optimal pacing strategies for cycling time trials have been treated in literature in numerous publications, e.g. Gordon (2005). Generally, the minimum time pacing is sought subject to a mechanical model and a physiological model. The mechanical model (Martin, 1998) comprises the pedaling power P and forces for gravity on a cycling track of varying slope, rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, frictional losses in wheel bearings, and inertia. The physiological model defines the capability of a cyclist to perform a pedaling power. Both models have the form of a set of non-linear differential equations and potentially additional pedal power constraints:


Porous membranes with oriented pore structures are produced by pulsed laser deposition. The membranes, consisting of uniform nanoparticles and nanometer-sized channels 30 nm in diameter, could be subsequently coated with a denser membrane structure (falsely colored pink in Figure); these structures could be candidates for applications in separations, fuel cells, and microelectronics.


Advmces it2 wireless contntcltticatiotts and iqfornmriott processittg s~stettls reqltire in~pletnetttu~ion of vev high performattce electronic s\'stenis. In recent yews, SiGe heterojutiction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have merged us one of the leading contenders to sarisfi these dettumds. The low emitter-base turn-on volmge attd de\,ice scaling significantly reduce porter cotwntptiotl it1 circuit operutiott, while ttzaitttainittg high speed. With the iticreasittg denmttd pluced on voice attd data coninlutiicmtiotls, truttsnzittitig, receiving, utrd processing ittfortnution ur high frequencies attd high .speeds, the use of SiGe bipolar ~rut~.~i.~tor.~ becomes increasingly important.


Global protests calling for accelerated climate change action, social justice, and racial equity have been shifting long-standing conversations and policies from local to national scales. Yet many ...


In late 1999, the Federal Reserve published revised measures of industrial production, capacity, and capacity utilization for the period January 1992 through October 1999. The updated measures reflect both the incorporation of newly available, more comprehensive source data typical of annual revisions and the introduction of improved methods for compiling a few series, including computer and office equipment and motor vehicles. The new source data are for recent years, primarily from 1997 on, and the modified methods affect data beginning in 1992. ; The production index for the third quarter of 1999 is at 137.7 percent of output in 1992, compared with 135.2 percent reported before the annual revision, and the capacity index is 170.7 percent of output in 1992, compared with 167.9 percent reported previously. As a result, the rate of industrial capacity utilization was revised up 0.1 percentage point, to 80.7 percent for the third quarter of 1999.


The demand for passive intermodulation (PIM) detection of the base station antennas has increased dramatically. However, when multiple PIM sources are in close proximity, they cannot be located due to the diffraction limit. Subwavelength structures can break the diffraction limit to achieve super-resolution imaging for detecting the multiple close PIM sources. In this paper, we initially investigate the performance of a subwavelength structure made of periodic metal wires to detect the PIM sources based on the super-resolution imaging mechanism by simulations. We analyze the bright spot peak and imaging resolution under different subwavelength structure periods and different positions of the PIM source in the subwavelength structure. Besides, we also find some new phenomena that are different from the traditional analysis of the super-resolution imaging properties of the subwavelength structure made of a metal wire array.


Aquaculture plays an important role in economic development and food security in many countries in the world. World aquaculture production in 2006 was 51.7 million tonnes with an estimated value of US$ 78.8 billion (FAO, 2009). World production will need to increase however by 30-40 million tonnes from its current production level by 2030 to meet growing global demand for fish. In this context, aquaculture in Vietnam has developed rapidly over the past decade and the fisheries sector ranked fourth in terms of export value in 2008 (Vietnamnet, 2008). Total fisheries production in Vietnam in 2007 was 4.149 million tonnes, of which fisheries production from catch and aquaculture were 2.064 and 2.085 million tonnes, respectively. A variety of aquatic species are cultured in Vietnam, but shrimps (mainly Black Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei) and 'tra' or 'basa' catfish are the most common species used in aquaculture. The giant freshwater prawn (GFP), Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is one of the most important crustacean species in inland aquaculture in many countries across the world where this species is either native or exotic. GFP is suitable for culture in a variety of farming systems, including monoculture or polyculture in ponds, pens, and integrated or rotational rice-prawn culture models. The GFP industry worldwide relies totally on wild or unimproved stocks, a practice that threatens the long-term sustainability of GFP farming due to low productivity and vulnerability of farmed stocks to disease. The current status of GFP aquaculture highlights the need for initiation of a systematic stock improvement program for the species to improve economically important traits. Large-scale selective breeding programs have been instigated for some finfish, salmonids and GIFT tilapia for example, and some selective breeding trials have been conducted on crustacean species, namely marine penaeid shrimp and freshwater crayfish. Examples of selective breeding programs on aquatic species have demonstrated that significant genetic gains can be achieved for growth rates with gains of around 10-20% per generation. While a selective breeding program is an option for GFP stock improvement, an alternative approach to improving GFP productivity, potentially with more immediate effect and one that is less expensive, is crossbreeding which may produce heterosis or hybrid vigour in crossbred offspring. Therefore, a crossbreeding strategy was trialed in the current study as a starting point for a stock improvement program for the GFP industry in Vietnam. The current study assessed the growth performance of three GFP strains (two wild Vietnamese strains from the Dong Nai and Mekong rivers, and a single domesticated Hawaiian strain) and their reciprocal crosses in a complete 3x3 diallel cross, i.e. three purebred and six crossbred strains. The diallel cross was carried out over two consecutive generations (G1 and G2). Juveniles for the experiments were produced using single-pair matings. Juveniles from each strain combination were stocked into three replicate hapas for 15 weeks. Growth data (body weight, carapace length, standard length) from the G1 and G2 were pooled for all subsequent analyses as there was no effect of generation on growth traits. Results showed that the Hawaiian strain performed best among purebred strains, and crosses with the Dong Nai or Mekong strains as dams and the Hawaiian strain as sires grew significantly faster than did the purebred Dong Nai or Mekong strains. These results suggest potential for heterosis among some crosses. Growth data were analyzed in depth by partitioning the strain combination (cross) effect into three components: strain additive genetic effects, heterotic effects, and strain reciprocal effects. Strain additive genetic and reciprocal effects were significant sources of variation for all growth traits measured. Strain additive genetic effects were highest for the Hawaiian strain and lowest for the Mekong strain for all growth traits. Reciprocal effects influenced negatively on growth rate of crosses with the Hawaiian (H) strain as dams and the Dong Nai (D) or Mekong (M) as sires compared with their reciprocal crosses (DH and MH). Heterotic effects for all growth traits were small and not significantly different from zero (P > 0.05). These results indicate that a crossbreeding approach based on the strains evaluated here provides only limited potential for improving growth rates based simply on heterotic outcomes and that a likely more productive option would be to trial artificial selection on a diverse synthetic stock. The current study also employed genetic markers (microsatellites) to characterize levels and patterns of genetic diversity in three purebred strains of GFP that originated from the diallel cross above. All three purebred strains showed relative high levels of genetic diversity in terms of allele number and individual heterozygosity across the six marker loci screened. Levels of genetic diversity present in the three purebred strains combined into a single stock were compared with that from a combination of three wild river stocks to assess the impact of domestication on genetic diversity of a 'synthetic' population. Results demonstrated that there was no significant loss of genetic diversity in the three purebred strains combined compared with a reference set containing the three wild populations. Therefore, a synthetic population formed from these purebred strains successfully captured the majority of genetic variation present in the wild broodstock. This synthetic population provides a potential stock for a future selective breeding program for GFP in Vietnam. The current study was also the first attempt to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key growth genes in GFP. Two key candidate genes were targeted, actin and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), that are potentially linked to growth performance in GFP. The study screened SNPs in GFP females only, because growth performance of GFP males is influenced strongly by social rank. The study identified four SNPs in intron 3 of the CHH gene that were significantly correlated with individual body weight at harvest, while no SNPs detected in the actin gene were associated with growth traits in GFP. This finding however, needs to be confirmed using larger sample sizes and other GFP lines. The current study has produced important basic knowledge relevant to implementation of an effective stock improvement program for GFP in Vietnam. Results indicate that a selective breeding strategy rather than a crossbreeding approach is likely to be the best strategy for improving GFP culture stocks in Vietnam. In addition, the study demonstrates that application of modern molecular genetic technologies can be efficient in developing a genetically diverse, synthetic population for stock improvement and for identifying potential markers correlated with important commercial traits in GFP. Integration of DNA techniques with traditional breeding practices can facilitate GFP stock improvement in Vietnam and accelerate the industry development when improved lines are available. Some limitations of the current study and recommendations for further work are discussed.


The two-dimensional nature of mathematical formulas and the large set of mathematical characters with different variations in style and size form the main challenges in mathematical handwriting recognition. To address these difficulties, the way handwritten data is represented and the methods to compute certain features from the chosen representation are important questions. To this aim, we treat handwritten characters as approximated parametrized coordinate curves in Legendre-Sobolev bases. This representation empowers us to study the geometrical features of handwritten characters as a whole. These geometrical features are used to find to baselines, bounding boxes, loops, and cusps appearing in handwritten characters. Computing these features relies on mathematical operations such as derivatives, roots, and gcds of polynomials. This paper studies the problem of computing these operations without the conversion to the monomial basis, seeking improvement in speed and accuracy.


8 self-breds from tropical and subtropical corns introduced for the variety development were selected,and 2 test varieties were selected for each self-bred.The experiment was designed for contras.The results showed: After the introduction of Suwanl and 5-56 strain,the yield of Diangu11A(a1× red corn and a2×red corn) were 18.9% and 9.4% higher than control respectively.The comparison heterosis in yield for a1×Zaodahuang and a2×Zaodahuang were both negative values.After the introduction of Suwanl,EVT5 strain to red corn,b1×Diangu11A and b2×Diangu11A had the comparison heterosis of 14.0% and 9.4% respectively.b1×C500 and b2×C500 had the comparison heterosis of 4.8% and 12.5%,respectively.After the introduction of Suwan1,Mohuang 9 strain to Chang3,c1×Hai014 and c2×Hai014 had the comparison heterosis of 15.8% and 9.4%,respectively.c1×Longkang11 and c2×Longkang11 had the heterosis of(-4.0%) and 6.6%,respectively.After the introduction of Suwan1,5-50 strain to Mo17,d1×B73 and d2×B73 had the comparison heterosis of 2.0% and-4.6%;d1×444 and d2×444 had the comparison heterosis of 3.8% and 12.2%,respectively.


Topical 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is commonly used for high‐risk patients with keratinocyte carcinoma (KC). Skindex and Skin Cancer Index (SCI) are validated instruments to measure quality of life (QoL) of patients with KC and those who have had surgical treatment of KCs.


In this work we will show some preliminary results on the use of a wearable inertial system for assessment of performances and infringements in race–walking. The proposed system is composed by two parts, one for measurement and one for management purposes. The management unit is based on biomechanical–based parameters for evaluating performances and infringements. The preliminary experimental results are promising towards the use of this system in real field training and competition scenarios, to respectively assist coaches and judges.


The present invention relates to a method and system for authenticating a user (11) at the access device using a cellular mobile radio network (17). Access device to provide access to different facilities or services to the mobile radio network (17). Cellular mobile radio network (17) comprises a base station that defines the mobile radio cell having a unique identifier (16) to (12). Mobile radio terminal having a unique identifier (14), log in to the mobile radio network (17) through said base station (12), authentication, identification and movement of the mobile radio cell (16) It is performed using the identifier of the wireless terminal (14). Base station (12) is disposed in a location of an access device, whereby the access device has its own mobile radio cell (16) served by the base station (12), the mobile radio cell (16 ) is defined authentication cell of a mobile radio network (17) to (16). Mobile radio terminal (14), for authentication at the access device, allowed to log in to the mobile radio network (17) through said base station (12) of said authentication cell (16), then the identifier sent authenticated entity (18), the authentication entity (18), whether to check whether the access device the user (11) is authorized to access. Access in accordance with the authorization status of the user (11) is granted or denied.


The present invention relates to a dispensing device and a liquid dispensing vessel using the same. This in particular, separation of a predetermined flow passage in the central part of the body composed of a conventional plate is integrally provided, and comprising first and second coupling portion having a predetermined difference in diameter toward the center on the upper, respectively, being coupled with the storage vessel to the lower the stationary unit is fixed portion is formed; As the valve seat fixed to the separation plate to be installed ever blocks the passage opening; As the first form 2 so as to have a predetermined clearance distance to the coupling section is made in a configuration that includes a case which is installed in close contact when ever the valve seat on the distribution plate. Further, the distribution device comprising a structure as described above characterized in that it provides a liquid material dispensing container for application to a liquid container. In accordance therewith, also a simple construction making is possible to reduce the number of parts in the course, and to reduce costs by simplifying the assembly process, to the opening and closing operation of the valve such that rapidly and accurately made. A valve seat, the cap, case, the distribution plate, the reservoir


Background: Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) has markedly declined since the early 1960s due to medical advances and better management, this condition persists as the most critical and preventable cause of death in the US. For that reason, the identification and application of more sensitive, specific, validated, and noninvasive biomarkers of cardiovascular functioning in the primary care setting for the early identification of CVD risk at the subclinical level are warranted. Aim: The goal of the present review is twofold: first, to familiarize the primary care practitioner with noninvasive aortic hemodynamic parameters, including how these could be integrated into primary care services and patient management, and second, to propose a model for earlier detection of CVD based on the noninvasive hemodynamic parameters in the primary care setting. Relevance for Patients: Implementation of noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring in a primary care setting could help in the identification of heart disease risk at the early onset thus preventing the need for expensive treatment or death at later stages.


The work is devoted to experimental investigation of polarization backscattering amplitude patterns for metal cube by the quasi-optical waveguide modeling (QWM) method in the sub-THz frequency range. For the first time the experimental layout of quasi-optical automated polarimetric micro-compact range (PMCR) is used for amplitude scattering patterns measuring. PMCR is created on the basis of quasi-optical transmission line, namely circular hollow dielectric waveguide (HDW), quasi-optical and waveguide functional devices, and elements of SHF circuit. The measured results of polarization scattering matrix (PSM) elements and their backscattering patterns (monostatic case) for a metal cube are presented. The patterns are obtained for horizontal and vertical polarizations in proper linear polarization basis.


We demonstrated a 10-GHz actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser that incorporates an electro-absorption modulator and a linear optical amplifier. Stable pulses with peak power of 120 mW and pulsewidth of 2.4 ps are obtained


In JRS XLV (1955), 106 f. (cited below simply as JRS), Giacomo Caputo and Richard Goodchild published fragments of a copy of the Edict discovered at Ptolemais in Cyrenaica. Subsequently a number of additional fragments have come to light, two in the course of excavation on the site by the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (published by C. H. Kraeling, Ptolemais (Chicago, 1962), p. 215, no. 47 and pi. LV b, c, cited below simply as Kraeling), the remainder by the Department of Antiquities of the Government of Libya. In the course of completing work left unfinished by Goodchild's untimely death, I studied the whole collection during visits to Ptolemais during the summers of 1968 and 1969 and have some new readings and interpretations of the older fragments to propose as well as the new fragments to present. Since the Ptolemais copy has been cited at a number of points in the account of the Aphrodisias copy I take this opportunity to summarize the present state of knowledge on it.


In this paper, a case of ruptured newly-developed right internal carotid posterior communicating artery bifurcation aneurysm, which occurred 11 years after contralateral common carotid artery ligation for a ruptured left side aneurysm, is reported. Common carotid artery ligation for the left internal carotid posterior communicating artery bifurcation aneurysm seemed to be effective to some extent from the following view points : rebleeding from the ipsilateral aneurysm was prevented and a decrease in size of that aneurysm was obtained. The new aneurysm might have developed due to the long-term hemodynamic stress exerted on the pre-existing fragility of the arterial wall. Such stress may have resulted from increased blood volume in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery after the contralateral common carotid artery ligation.


An automatic control system is provided for acid concentration in an aluminum strip cleaning line wherein an aluminum strip is contacted with an acid solution while passing through an acid cleaning bath and the concentration of the acid in the bath is adjusted by adding either concentrated acid or water to the bath. A conductivity probe is provided in the acid bath and generates a first signal approximately proportional to the free acid concentration of the bath. An on-line process titrator periodically samples the acid bath and by a dual endpoint titration obtains the free acid concentration and total acid concentration of the bath and thereby generates a second signal indicative of the actual free acid concentration and the total acid concentration. These first and second signals are fed to a programmable logic controller, which based on the signal from the titrator calculates a correction factor for the signal from the conductivity probe to thereby obtain a corrected value for free acid concentration. The bath acid concentration is then adjusted as required based on the corrected specific conductivity value. The above procedure may also be used in the cleaning of an aluminum strip with an alkali solution.


The ternary copper (II) complex, [Cu(phen)(sal)](C104) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, sal = salicylaldehyde) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The complex crystallizes in triclinic space group P ?, with a = 0.9163(3) nm, b = 0.9317(3) nm, c = 1.1724(4) nm, a = 96.247(6)°, β = 111.012(5)°, γ = 97.113(6)°, V = 1.686 Mg/m 3 , Z = 2, R = 0.0454.


Abstract : The development of a room temperature (50C) fuel cell that could use a generally available fuel such as JP8 would be most valuable. However there are no known catalysts that can selectively activate the CC bonds of such fuels at such temperature. The goal of this project was to investigate the whether it is plausible to develop such a catalysts. To do this we used validated first-principles (quantum mechanics) based simulations to investigate the barriers for alkyl carbon-carbon cleavage for two prototypical systems: A metal alloy catalyst & An organometallic cluster catalyst. That might serve as an anode for electrochemical power generation. For the metal alloy catalyst we used a Top‐down approach where we determined the bond energies to the alloy catalyst to various fuel fragments necessary to achieve room temperature decomposition of butane and oxidation to CO2. For organometallic cluster catalyst we used a bottom‐up strategy, determining specific metals, ligand compositions, solvents and operating conditions to evaluate which conditions could lead to reasonable rates at room temperature. For the bottom up approach we the density functional theory (DFT) form of quantum mechanics to investigated homogeneous catalysts. We decided that Rh is the best metal for a low temperature oxidation of C-H and C-C bonds. We then considered a number of possible mechanisms and reaction pathways for butane oxidation. The lowest barriers we determined for these mechanisms are 30 kcal/mol, which is probably too high for reasonable rates at room temperature (probably requiring 200C). We then began a study of Rh/O2 complexes, such as spin singlet RhCl3(O2)2- and the spin doublet RhIII superoxide complex RhCl3(H2O)(O2)1-,which we consider would be accessible under reaction conditions. We conclude that these might serve as 3- or 4-electron oxidants. Further research is needed to draw a firm conclusion about prospect of these and other possible metal complexes to provide s


In the last volume of the Proceedings (1889), p. 24, there is a very interesting paper by the late Mr J. J. Eeid on Mouswald. Discussing the surname De Musseus, found in an early Bruce charter, he appeared to consider it a variant of De Muscamp. I rather incline to think it is an early form of the surname De Monceux, ;which is found on the Ragman Boll in 1296. In 1347 William Mounceux was a juror at Lochmaben, and an Amand Mounceux was warden of the castle there in the end of that century, while Annandale was held by the De Bohuns (Calendar of Documents, Scotland, vols. iii. and iv.). It is evidently the modern surname Mounsey or Munsie, still found in Cumberland and Dumfriesshire, though not so high-sounding as in the old form. The De Muscamps who held the great barony of Wooler in Northumberland had no possessions in Galloway or Annandale. Their barony fell to coheiresses about 1251, and the surname seems to have died out long ago, though two appear on the Ragman Roll—one in Edinburghshire, and the other in Lanarkshire. The grand Norman surname of Amundeville or Mundeville (celebrated by Byron) was seated in Dumfriesshire and Wigtownshire before 1296, when Sir Henry de Mundeville did homage to Edward I., and the name still exists there in the form of Mundell. Another high-sounding Norman surname, De Campania or Champagne, contemporary with De Mundeville in Galloway, has either died out, or been altered beyond recognition. The surname Curwen, now confined


Method for manufacturing an assembly in a support structure, made of parts (7,8) of a fibrous material forming an at least partially hollow (10), elongate, with a longitudinal axis of symmetry (9), delimiting an internal area (11) and an outer zone (12), characterized in that it consists in producing on the two end portions (13) of the hollow element densification, to exert on each of the two portions end of the elongated hollow element, tensile stresses outwardly and in opposite directions to one another along its longitudinal axis to create an axial prestressing force of determined value, and to maintain the hollow elongate member in this state of prestress during the implementation of the assembly in the structure. The invention also concerns assemblies obtained by this process and structures using such assemblies.


ABSTRACT The use of biostimulants in coffee seedlings can promote gains in their growth and quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality characteristics of Coffea arabica seedlings under the effect of the nicotinamide and Azospirillum brasilense application. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments resulted from the use of five doses of nicotinamide (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg L-1 of water) combined with the absence and presence of Azospirillum brasilense applied to Coffea arabica seedlings from Catuaí Vermelho 144 cultivar. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, plant height:stem diameter ratio, shoot:root dry mass ratio, plant height:shoot dry mass ratio, and Dickson quality index were evaluated. The combined or isolated use of A. brasilense and nicotinamide, up to a dose of 33.5 mg L-1, increased the biometric characteristics and dry mass accumulation. However, using nicotinamide doses between 30 and 61.8 g L-1 increased the quality of Coffea arabica seedlings. The synergistic effect of the use of A. brasilense and nicotinamide was verified for the growth and quality of Coffea arabica seedlings.


1. EXTENDED ABSTRACT Whether taking a test, looking for their keys, or addressing a computer system, people sometimes talk to themselves. Just as it might confuse a person when his officemate mutters to herself, this same self-directed speech, often termed private speech, can confuse the microphone engagement component of a spoken dialogue system. Even more recent audio-visual systems, which use lip movement and head position in addition to speech to determine when a user is addressing the system [3], would mistakenly engage when the user engages in private speech while looking at the system. To accommodate audiences who have a high rate of self-talk such as children, seniors, or people completing difficult tasks [1, 2, 4], additional information will be required.


The author is coworker of the W. German Bredow Institute for Radio and Television and has published several studies on social psychology, broadcasting audience and mass communication. In this well structured work he explores systematically and from a psychological angle the relevant mass communication studies, to distil fundamental concepts and principles ( ist part), and to elaborate processes and elements (2nd part), their interrelations (3rd part) and effects (4th part). The first part, which figures as conclusion, seems less satisfactory than the other ones. Though the writer luckily evades the barren question which of the two furnishes the formal and which the


The `Mixing Index()` is used as a conventional guidance measuring the degree of mixing for multiphase flows. For the case when insoluble solutions flow in a passive micromixer, a new method to calculate is proposed. The `Vortex Index()` is suggested and formulated. We infer that relates to the degree of chaotic advection. Various arbitrary shaped microchannels were tested to calculate the , and then a simple algebraic equation, $D_I


The coexistence of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is uncommon, although hepatobiliary complications in IBD patients are not rare. This report reviews the English and Japanese literature and covers reported cases of concomitant PBC and IBD. We identified 2 cases of concomitant PBC and Crohn's Disease (CD) and 18 cases of concomitant PBC and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). In most instances (15/18), IBD (CD or UC) developed before PBC, with the exception of 2 cases that were almost simultaneously diagnosed with both conditions. There is no evidence that UC cases with concomitant PBC are more severe than those without; however, the clinical features of concomitant PBC and CD are unclear due to few reports.


Denying climate change can take many forms, ranging on a spectrum from outright denial of facts (literal denial), over re-interpretation or distortion of facts (interpretive denial, e.g., denial of personal and global outcome severity), to the acknowledgement of facts but denial of their implications (implicatory denial, e.g., avoidance, denial of guilt, rationalization of own involvement). This study aimed at 1) exploring potential distinct profiles within the spectrum of climate denial and self-protection and 2) investigating relations with right-wing ideological conviction and gender (established predictors) but also need satisfaction and value orientation. Analysis of a German quota sample (N=1007) revealed the following: Participants differed in the extent to which they endorsed all types of climate-denial and self-protection but there were no distinct profiles of climate denial and self-protection in the data, according to latent profile analysis. As pre-registered, structural equation modelling revealed that people who reported right-wing ideological convictions reported more climate denial and self-protection along the spectrum of denial but especially literal and interpretive denial. Absence of need satisfaction and male gender were significant additional but weaker predictors of implicatory denial. Future research should employ longitudinal, experimental, mixed-methods designs to further disentangle the underlying mechanisms and functionality of climate denial.


Seawater reared - The number of diploid and triploid summer steelhead from nine family-treatment combinations, reared in seawater juvphys2013 - morphometric, T4, and ATPase data for the 2013 cohort of steelhead juvphys2014 - morphometric, T4, and ATPase data for the 2014 cohort of steelhead


No-till, mowed, and disked residue treatments were applied to wheat residue infested with Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in fields near Manhattan, KS, in 1988 and 1989. Ascocarp production by P. tritici-repentis and straw-wetness duration were studied in relation to these treatments and four straw positions relative to the soil surface (above-soil and near-soil; upper part and lower part of standing stubble). Ascocarp production, estimated by counting ascocarps on sampled straw, was significantly affected by straw position and tillage treatment []


AbstractThis article discusses the two ends of the life-history process: the reasons for its undertaking and the research assumptions these engender, and the impact of the published account on readers. In doing so, I draw on my own experience in the research and writing of Nan: The Life of an Irish Travelling woman (Gmelch, 1986/1991) and upon the responses of Traveller and non-Traveller readers to this life history. (Ethnographic research; life-history interviewing, editing, and narra-tive construction; literary criticism)


The enantiomeric distribution of β-pinene, sabinene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, and linalyl acetate in cold-pressed, "torchiati", "ricicli", "pulizia dischi", "distilled", and "bergapten-free" bergamot oils has been determined using a fully automated, multidimensional, double-oven, GC−GC system. This system allows fractions to be multitransferred during the same GC analysis and the use of the two GCs independently when the multitransfer option is not used. The results obtained allowed the characterization of the cold-pressed bergamot oils, to determine the variations of the enantiomeric distribution of some components during the whole production season, and to correlate the enantiomeric ratios with the technology of oil isolation. Keywords: Multidimensional GC−GC; enantioselective gas chromatography; bergamot oils; Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau; monoterpene hydrocarbons; monoterpene alcohols; linalyl acetate


Genetic improvements of livestock is mainly depends on selective breeding of animal with its superior phenotypes. Identification and use of molecular markers for production and economical traits has been ensured the better health and productivity of cattle. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 (CYP11B1) gene is a candidate affecting milk composition traits as adjacently located to marker ILSTS039 that has been linked with milk yield and milk component. The current study was performed to characterize the CYP11B1 gene in Sahiwal cattle. The overall sequence variation across the CYP11B1 locus is high and total thirteen variations were observed in Sahiwal cattle. Association test was executed against all variations obeying Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and found non-significant except g.1305935 (T401M) that was found associated with milk fat percentage in Sahiwal cattle population. It is illustrated that CYP11B1 gene has an influential dairy potentials in cattle can also be incorporated into genetic evaluation.


implementing them. The book repeatedly returns to the issue of the Alberta tar sands which, he points out, require three times as much energy to produce a barrel of oil as do conventional oil sources. "How do you solve a problem like Alberta?" is the underlying theme. The political explanation of failure to date, set out above, is convincing but I cannot help wishing it had been developed a bit further. Certainly the strength of the provinces is a major problem, but more might have been said about the underlying cause: the weakness of our system of intergovernmental relations. Sovereign countries feel more pressure to comply with international agreements than our federal and provincial governments do with the agreements they have laboriously negotiated. How can such agreements be given teeth? Given the impossibility of coalition, should we not seriously consider doing away with the Green Party, or the ndp, or both, in order to strengthen the left wing within the Liberal Party caucus? How could we revive the Canadian economic nationalism of the 1970s, in order to provide a political base for a climate policy independent of Washington? Most importantly, how can the rest of Canada persuade Albertans that they would be better served by a very different economic and environmental program? I am sure many of Paehlke's readers will want to add their own contributions. The strength of the book is exactly that it invigorates that kind of debate. In closing, Paehlke strongly makes the case that Canada, if it is to be true to its self-image of a force for good in this world, must play a leadership role, both in trying to facilitate US policy and on the global stage. Canada, he says, has the international "aptitude and experience" (149) which allow it to do far more than it has done to date to contribute to global climatechange governance. We must first reverse our own failed policy and then, leading by example, make a positive contribution to the future of our world. Paehlke has given Canadians the facts and analysis they need. It is now up to us to act. Douglas MacDonald University of Toronto


The analysis of the performed study has established that zoledronic acid is an effective agent in multimodality therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer (PC) and allows long-term stabilization of bone tissue. In addition, there is evidence for the efficacy of zoledronic acid in preventing bone metastases (BM) and increasing the time to the first BM. The currently accumulated experience with zoledronic acid used in PC permits one to consider its use as standard concomitant therapy.


Canafistula (Peltophorum dubium) is a perennial plant which has a lot of desirable characteristics for many applications, such as in construction, furniture industry, reforestation of degraded areas, in the composition of drug products, and other. Considering the promising character of the species and its potential of generating employment and income, it was objected to verify genetic divergence among canafistula progenies, based on phenolic compounds, for the identification of promising genotypes to be used in breeding program. The experiment was developed in the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. It was evaluated 30 canafistulas' progenies which came from Serra da Bodoquena MS, Serra de Maracajú MS, Serra das Monções MS and Lavras MG headquarters. For the genectic divergence study it was used the average Euclidean distance as dissimilarity measure and average distance (UPGMA) to identify the similarity among groups. The largest genetic divergence was verified between MG23 and MG29 accesses, while the smallest genetic divergence was found between MS09 and MS23 accesses. The characteristics contributed similarly to explain the genetic divergence amog these 30 progenies. In the avaliation of formed groups using the technique of UPGM, it was observed the formation of 5 groups. Progenies belonging to I group (MS09, MS23, MG18, MS03, MS30, MS35, MS22 e MS34) and V (MG11, MS08, MS02 e MS29) are the most promising to the increase of genetic variability.


Abstract. An algorithm based on triple-frequency (X, Ka, W) radar measurements that retrieves the size, water content and degree of riming of ice clouds is presented. This study exploits the potential of multi-frequency radar measurements to provide information on bulk snow density that should underpin better estimates of the snow characteristic size and content within the radar volume. The algorithm is based on Bayes' rule with riming parameterized by the "fill-in" model. The radar reflectivities are simulated with a range of scattering models corresponding to realistic snowflake shapes. The algorithm is tested on multi-frequency radar data collected during the ESA-funded Radar Snow Experiment. During this campaign in-situ microphysical probes were mounted on the same airplane as the radars. This nearly perfectly collocated dataset of the remote and in-situ measurements gives an opportunity to derive a combined multi-instrument estimate of snow microphysical properties that is used for a rigorous validation of the radar retrieval. Results suggest that the triple-frequency retrieval performs well in estimating ice water content and mean-mass-weighted diameters obtaining root-mean-square-error of 0.13 and 0.15, respectively for log10 IWC and log10 Dm. The retrieval of the degree of riming is more challenging and only the algorithm that uses Doppler information obtains results that are highly correlated with the in-situ data.


OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the implementation of medication education for patients in main land.METHODS: The main methods of medication education for patients in Taiwan were introduced briefly.RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Taiwan,patients in mainland can not obtain enough guidance and medication consultation when get the drugs in the outpatient pharmacy.After leaving the hospital,patients obtain very limited medication education and consultation.In order to successfully carry out medication education for patients,the hospital should train the pharmacists,establish the drug information platform and provide medication guidance information.


The mechanism of Bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate ester(BNPP)hydrolsis catalyzed by La-diethylenetriamine system was investigated by using an UV/VIS spetrophotometer.The catalytic efficiency and stability of La-diethylenetriamine system were studied on different conditions.It was found that the catalytic system showed high catalytic activity and stability in BNPP catalytic hydrolysis under proper proportion of La and diethylenetriamine,appropriate pH and temperature of the solution.The results also showed that the reactive active species was the complex made of La and diethylenetriamine ligand.


An attempt to prepare high-quality single crystals of NiMnSb is reported. A high-quality polycrystal, used as a starting material of single-crystal growth, was prepared from the stoichiometric nominal composition. Large single crystals were grown using the Bridgman method with a sealed Mo crucible. Annealing under ultra high vacuum (ca. 10-10 Torr) improves the quality of the single crystal. The resultant single crystals exhibit no anomaly suggesting a magnetic transition in transport properties below room temperature.


Measurement of two hadron production introducing the chiral odd interference fragmentation function H1∢ is considered a new probe of the transverse spin distribution ΔTq(x). COMPASS is a fixed target experiment on the SPS M2 beamline at CERN. Its target can be polarised both longitudinally and transversally with respect to the polarised 160 GeV/c μ+ beam. In 2002, 2003, and 2004, 20% of the beam‐time was spent in the transverse configuration on a 6LiD target, allowing the measurement of transversity effects. First results of the analysis of two hadron production will be reported.


Micro-Combined-Heat-and-Power-Plants (μCHP) are one of the key technologies for the energy transition due their ability of a joint production of electrical and thermal energy. By combining and coordinating μCHP plants in a Local Virtual Power Plant (LVPP) the benefits of μCHP can be increased. With the hierarchal layer architecture it is possible also to include restriction of the electric grid in the optimization process. This paper presents the power schedule planning and operation algorithm of the LVPP. The proposed algorithm offers a efficient way to distribute a defined power schedule to high number of μCHP plants and balance variation in the real time operation.


We present the analysis of a modelling process framed by a didactical engineering. It consists of a series of intermediate models producing a calculable model to solve a problem of two periodic phenomena coincidence. We try to delegate to the students a part of the modelling process. Therefore, with dynamic geometry, we organise a milieu for the validation of the models in reference to the reality.


This paper presents a brain computer interface to control an intelligent wheelchair based on EEG signals. EEG signals are collected and analysed by using Emotiv. After signal processing, the events about motor imagery are generated and the commands are designed and transmitted to intelligent wheelchair. Finally, the system realizes the motion control of the intelligent wheelchair through subject's motor imagery of left hand, right hand and legs. Besides, the events about motor imagery are expressed in the form of virtual movement as the feedback of system. The Experiment results show that the control system is feasible and has better stability. It establishes a basis of practical application for EEG control intelligent wheelchair.


My research deals with the jurisdiction during a small period of the mid-19 th century in Jászkun District, which I present on the basis of the adjudication of murders. Two things justify my topic of choice: on the one hand, I come from the county later established from this district; on the other hand, the realisations and classifications of the criminal cases in that time, especially compared to the present, aroused my interest. In my paper, I aimed to shed light on the homicides in this little corner of the country through the introduction of the judicial system, mentioning cases that illustrate the practise of law. During my research, I learned that homicides appeared in various forms, and the justice system was not unified at all, rather only the fundaments were put forth. There was an insistence on old laws, although their application was already adjusted to the conditions of the time period. The variety of penalties is also notable, namely that captivity, community service and fines played an equally important part too. I have concluded that, more or less in accordance with the expectations of the era, they aspired to work out a justice system built on consistency.


Knowledge Management (KM) has recently received considerable attention in the computer information systems community and is continuously gaining interest by industry, enterprises and academia. As w...


This thesis investigates the feasibility of distinguishing between two classes that are similar in size and velocities in an experimental radar system. The classification is performed using feature based time series classification methods on the history of measurements of a target track, in an attempt to catch the difference in movement pattern that can be seen in the two classes. Data from two separate test sets are used to evaluate the performance and usefulness of the classification. For the classification, four different classification algorithms of different complexity are evaluated, and their theory briefly described. The algorithms considered in this thesis are: neural networks, naive Bayes, logistic regression, and support vector machines. The inputs to these classifiers are statistical features extracted from the time series of measurements. Furthermore, the properties of the extracted features are studied to understand why some features are better separators than other. In the thesis it is shown that it is possible to use the time series to classify the types of targets present in the test sets fairly accurately. It is also found that even though there is some difference in performance and behaviour of the four classification algorithms over the test sets, the limiting factor in the classification is not the algorithms and their complexity, but rather the resolving power of the features that are used.


[Connectivism in the context of developing information competence]. The article presents the problems connected with the meaning of information literacy education for a man functioning in the environment that is dominated by information and communications technologies. As information more and more often is seen as a tool for the manipulation of human attitudes and behaviour, there is a need to undertake preventive actions against various pathologies in this respect. It involves the necessity of developing information awareness, education for information, betterment of information skills and formation of the information culture of the people in the infosphere. The typology of educational tasks in the field of broadly defined information competences treated as information culture has been presented. The tasks were divided into three groups, in which the tasks resulting from the realization and the student's participation in the information process have been shown, then those resulting from the youth's functioning in different fields of information culture and finally, tasks connected with the cultural aspect of information literacy. It has been shown that developing information competences by means of traditional teaching methods is not very effective. The most useful methods are those based on the theories of constructionism and connectivism. The idea of connectivism transplanted to the school didactics is perfectly realized in the development of information competences, whose essence is the ability to connect with the specified nodes or information resources, finding knowledge, maintaining and reinforcing connections, making decisions. However, a radical change in the education system would be necessary, as well as the change of the relationship between teachers and students.


[Context] Semantic legal metadata provides information that helps with understanding and interpreting the meaning of legal provisions. Such metadata is important for the systematic analysis of legal requirements. [Objectives] Our work is motivated by two observations: (1) The existing requirements engineering (RE) literature does not provide a harmonized view on the semantic metadata types that are useful for legal requirements analysis. (2) Automated support for the extraction of semantic legal metadata is scarce, and further does not exploit the full potential of natural language processing (NLP). Our objective is to take steps toward addressing these limitations. [Methods] We review and reconcile the semantic legal metadata types proposed in RE. Subsequently, we conduct a qualitative study aimed at investigating how the identified metadata types can be extracted automatically. [Results and Conclusions] We propose (1) a harmonized conceptual model for the semantic metadata types pertinent to legal requirements analysis, and (2) automated extraction rules for these metadata types based on NLP. We evaluate the extraction rules through a case study. Our results indicate that the rules generate metadata annotations with high accuracy.


Determination of fracture toughness for metals under quasi-static loading conditions can follow well-established procedures and ASTM standards. The use of metallic materials in impact- related applications requires the determination of dynamic fracture initiation toughness for these materials. There are two main challenges in experiment design that must be overcome before valid dynamic data can be obtained. Dynamic equilibrium over the entire specimen needs to be approxi- mately achieved to relate the crack tip loading state to the far-field loading conditions, and the loading rate at the crack tip should be maintained near constant during an experiment to delineate rate effects on the values of dynamic fracture toughness. A recently developed experimental techni- que for determining dynamic fracture toughness of brittle materials has been adapted to measure the dynamic initiation fracture toughness of high strength steel alloys. A split-Hopkinson pressure bar is used to apply the dynamic loading. A pulse shaper is used to achieve constant loading rate at the crack tip and dynamic equilibrium across the specimen. A four-point bending configuration is used at the impact section of the setup. Results are presented which show a rate dependent pro- portionality of fracture initiation toughness for 4340 high-strength steel.


With vibrant colors and simple, room-temperature processing methods, electrochromic polymers have long attracted attention as active materials for flexible, low-power consuming devices such as smart windows and displays. However, despite their many advantages, slow switching speed and complexity of combining several separate polymers to achieve full-color gamut has limited electrochromic materials to niche applications. Here we exploit the enhanced light-matter interaction associated with the deep-subwavelength mode confinement of surface plasmon polaritons propagating in metallic nanoslit arrays coated with ultra-thin electrochromic polymers to build a novel configuration for achieving high-contrast and fast electrochromic switching. The switchable configuration retains the short temporal charge-diffusion characteristics of thin electrochromic films while maintaining the high optical-contrast associated with thicker electrochromic coatings. We further demonstrate that by controlling the pitch of the nanoslit arrays, it is possible to achieve a full-color response with high-contrast and fast switching-speeds while relying on just one electrochromic polymer.


Climate change, global warming, rising sea levels, ice cap melting, carbon taxes and trading schemes etc. are all major environmental issues that confront the modern world. Universities are now trying to ensure that their students graduate with an understanding of environmental sustainability regardless of their field of expertise.  This study investigates 181 undergraduate and 155 post graduate business and law units from five schools within an Australian University to see how they embed environmental sustainability into their existing curriculums. It also examines how environmental sustainability fits into the scaffolding of the main Bachelor of Commerce degree and how each school plays its part into the overall development of graduates' understanding of environmental sustainability. In July and December 2011 all unit chairs in the Faculty of Business and Law at Deakin University were asked if and how environmental sustainability was included in their units. Of the 336 unit chairs that completed the survey, 37% of those unit chairs replied positively and of the remainder, the vast majority of these believed environmental sustainability was not applicable to their unit. However, measuring the effectiveness of the introduction of environmental sustainability into the curriculum is extremely difficult and this is often done by student assessment methods. Only 7% of the units actually carried out any assessment of the students' knowledge of environmental sustainability. The findings across the faculty were mixed, with Post Graduate units and Management and Marketing courses being very strong in embedding environmental sustainability into their curriculum. The Bachelor of Commerce Degree students, especially those with Management or Marketing majors received a good grounding in environmental sustainability.  These findings have implications for course and curriculum designers who are trying to effectively embed environmental sustainability into the scaffolding of their existing educational courses.


Mainstream economics is based on the hypothesis of perfect competition to demonstrate the advantages of market economy,but in reality there is no such thing as perfect competition market. Therefore,it is necessary for us to reinterpret the advantages of market economy. From the perspective of the relationship between market and human nature,and the comparison between market and other resource allocation ways,the paper has a new explanation for the advantages of market economy,and draws the following conclusions: the reason why market economy has some advantages is not that market economy is based on perfect competition,but that market economy fits in with human nature and can spontaneously extend on the platform of rule of law.


This strain comparison followed from a pilot project to evaluate the technical feasibility of farming Helix pomatia in north-west Bulgaria, where the wild population of the species is of some economic importance as a source of edible snails for export. The original parent stock for that project were adults collected from a wild population in the Mezdra area in the spring of 1996, and introduced into open, spray-irrigated field pens planted with leaf beet and fodder rape a few kilometres from the collection site; snail meal was supplied ad libitum in covered feeders. From growth marks on the shell it was estimated that these snails had taken 4‐5 years to reach adult size. At the time of collection they weighed an average of 26 g. The least shell diameter, as measured by the size of a round hole through which the shell could not pass, ranged from 31 to 40 mm. In 1996, 1997 and 1998 both these snails and their offspring went into diapause in August, waking only in the following spring, and growth of the young (F1) snails stopped much earlier in spite of apparently favourable conditions. Diapause is distinguished from a temporary torpor by the physiological preparations made for it—a halt to growth and a hardening of the edge of the shell of young snails—combined with a refractoriness to resumption of growth and activity if the diapause is artificially interrupted. 1,2 Glycogen reserves are accumulated in preparation for diapause. 3


We relate various black hole solutions in the near-horizon region to black hole solutions in two-dimensional dilaton gravity theories in order to argue that thermodynamics of black holes in D>=4 can be effectively described by thermodynamics of black holes in two-dimensional dilaton gravity theories. We show that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropies of single-charged dilatonic black holes and dilatonic p-branes with an arbitrary dilaton coupling parameter in arbitrary spacetime dimensions are exactly reproduced by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the two-dimensional black hole in the associated two-dimensional dilaton gravity model. We comment that thermodynamics of non-extreme stringy four-dimensional black hole with four charges and five-dimensional black hole with three charges may be effectively described by thermodynamics of the black hole solutions with constant dilaton field in two-dimensional dilaton gravity theories.


The paper introduces the structure of the medium and small spanning bridges which is often used in western countrysides,and its characteristics.There are,at present,three difficulties in western countrysides,such as short of funds,great difficulty in construction and long time limit for a project.After analyzing and comparing different types of bridges,we affirm the steel-concrete bridge which is of broad prospects in application.This kind of the bridge has the following advantages:saving funds,less difficulty in construction and short time limit for a project,and it is a suitable type of the bridge for westem countrysides.


With its high water potential, the Ziz basin is one of the most important basins in Morocco. This paper aims to develop a methodology for spatiotemporal monitoring of the water quality of the Hassan Addakhil dam using remote sensing techniques combined with a modeling approach. Firstly, several models were established for the different water quality parameters (nitrate, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a) by combining field and satellite data. In a second step, the calibration and validation of the selected models were performed based on the following statistical parameters: compliance index R2, the root mean square error and p-value. Finally, the satellite data were used to carry out spatiotemporal monitoring of the water quality. The field results show excellent quality for most of the samples. In terms of the modeling approach, the selected models for the three parameters (nitrate, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a) have shown a good correlation between the measured and estimated values with compliance index values of 0.62, 0.56 and 0.58 and root mean square error values of 0.16 mg/L, 0.65 mg/L and 0.07 µg/L for nitrate, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a, respectively. After the calibration, the validation and the selection of the models, the spatiotemporal variation of water quality was determined thanks to the multitemporal satellite data. The results show that this approach is an effective and valid methodology for the modeling and spatiotemporal mapping of water quality in the reservoir of the Hassan Addakhil dam. It can also provide valuable support for decision-makers in water quality monitoring as it can be applied to other regions with similar conditions.


The non-pathogenic Trypanosoma lewisi depresses the ability of infected rat spleen cells to respond immunologically to sheep erythrocytes. A study was made to determine whether the parasite would produce this same phenomenon in vitro in Marbrook culture vessels with erythrocyte-primed spleen cells from normal rats; the antibody response of the spleen cells was measured by the plaque-forming cell assay. Soluble factors from 1 X 10(7) T. lewisi depress the ability of primed cells to form a secondary antibody response in vitro to sheep red cells. The intensity of the inhibitory activity depends on the stage of the life cycle of the parasite and can also be demonstrated using sonicated, frozen-thawed or boiled preparations of the organism. It is suggested that the immunodepressive substances may be a glycoprotein and that it (they) may arise both from the intracellular and from the extracellular compartments of the organism. It is likely that the host-parasite associations in trypanosomiasis are regulated by such soluble parasite factors.


This thesis serves as a documentation of the development of a backoffice application made for Crosskey Banking Solutions. The task was to create a new application that provided previously hidden information about end users. The application was written in Java and uses technologies like Spring, Javascript and JSP. Architecturally the application follows the Domain Driven Design (DDD) pattern and applies design principles like Model View Controller (MVC) and Inversion of Control (IoC). The result was a fully functional application where backoffice users can search for end users and see details about their profile.


Combined with project survey,it analyzes the model foundation and the parameter selection,introduces the concrete construction process of the model,and does contrast analysis between the surrounding ground subsidence and pier subsidence created by the main part excavation and construction monitoring data,which will supply reference to the similar projects.


To solve the low efficiency of heat exchange in a piston expender,a novel expender which can realize both a high efficiency of heat exchange and the heat energy recycling is proposed. The working principle and energy conservation effect of the novel expender are described. It is shown that the efficiency of novel expender is higher than the piston expender. The novel expender is based on the integration of the liquid piston expender and the shell and tube heat exchanger. This expender is combined with hydraulic motor to replace pneumatic motor which is inefficiency. The novel expender is simulated with FLUENT software. It is shown that this novel expender can realize the approximate isothermal expansion process,and therefore the novel expender can effectively improve the efficiency of the expender and the whole system.


Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive inflammatory cancer associated with exposure to asbestos. Untreated, MPM has a median survival time of 6 months, and most patients die within 24 months of diagnosis. Therefore an urgent need exists to identify new therapies for treating MPM patients. The potential for therapeutically targeting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling networks is emerging as a critical mechanism in 'oncogene addicted' cancer, with RTK inhibitors evolving as areas of considerable importance in cancer therapy. Furthermore, RTK hetero-dimerization has emerged as a key element in the development of resistance to cancer therapy. As such TKIs which target several RTKs may have superior efficacy compared with TKIs targeting individual RTKs. We and others have identified c-MET, RON, Axl and Tyro3 as RTKs frequently overexpressed and activated in MPM, making these attractive candidate therapeutic targets. A number of orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitors have been developed which can target these receptors. LCRF0004 specifically targets RON, whereas ASLAN002 (BMS-777607) or Merestinib (LY2801653) are orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitors which inhibit c-MET, RON, Axl and Tyro3 at nanomolar concentrations. These drugs may therefore have applicability in the treatment/management of MPM.


Our criminal trial supervision procedure has exposed a lot of faults in system design so that it has appeared many problems in judicial practice,for example,it is difficult to complain for complaint party,at the sametime,complaint party constantly complain.So it wastes judicial resources and cannot protect human rights.So it is necessary to reconstruct our criminal trial supervision procedure according to modern judicial sense of correcting error effective judgment.


An adaptable concept system with rich connotation is important to the improving of the performance of knowledge-based artificial intelligence systems. But it's hard to construct such a system. Fortunately the researches about human cognition show us a way to measure up. Karmiloff-Smith's Representation Redescription (RR) hypothesis describes a concept-acquisition process that re-describes a lower level representation of a concept to a higher one. This paper is inspired by this developmental psychology viewpoint. We use an object-oriented (OO) approach to explain and simulate RR hypothesis from the formal semantic perspective, because the OO paradigm is a natural way to describe the outside world, and it also has strict grammar regulations. We designed and realized the representations of conceptacquisition and their evolutions from one to another at different levels. Our results solidify the semantics and pragmatics of a concept acquired by RR through a kind of visible, verifiable and replicable carrier—an OO language. Further, in an environment of materializing concepts by objects, an OO language makes the refinement of concepts and the construction of a concept system more operable and controllable.


I've confessed to many people that I think my personal experience has had an impact on what I've done. Time and time again, not only for myself but for other people on the court, during discussions afeases you bring up experiences that you are familiar with.- Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens 'I. INTRODUCTIONCurrently, 15.4% of the judges on the federal bench are judges of color,2 although thirty percent of the general population is minority.3 Along with women and racial minorities, President Barack Obama has nominated a record number of Asian- Americans to the federal judiciary.4 These historical events make inquiries into the implications of a more diverse bench in the American justice system timely. While other articles have focused on minority judges in general, or on African-American or Hispanic judges in particular,5 little has been written about Asian-American judges.6 This Article considers the current lack of Asian-Americans in the judiciary and the implications of increasing the number of Asian- American judges.This Article discusses these topics through the lens of federal workplace racial harassment cases, examining how the lack of Asian-American judges may have affected the poor success rate of Asian- American plaintiffs.7 This discussion is exploratory, given the historically small numbers of AsianAmerican federal jurists and the relatively small number of racial harassment cases involving Asian-American plaintiffs. Nonetheless, the available statistical data and the substantial interdisciplinary research on Asian-Americans in American society provide fertile bases for this discussion.This Article begins with an overview of Asian-Americans in the federal judiciary.8 It substantiates their underrepresentation while explaining that a "pipeline problem" does not fully explain their absence. As an illustration of the experiences of Asian-Americans in the U.S. judicial system, this Article will then summarize how they fared in an empirical study of federal workplace racial harassment cases.9 Asian-American plaintiffs were often unsuccessful, losing over eighty percent of their disputes reported in published opinions. This Article further explores whether the paucity of Asian-American judges is related to the woeful success rate of AsianAmerican plaintiffs in these cases.10 While one explanation is that AsianAmericans have weak cases on the merits, a consideration of the dispute resolution processes for these types of disputes does not support this simple explanation. Instead, the explanation is likely more complicated, relating the applicable legal inquiries, judicial interpretations, social science research on racial differences in perceptions of discrimination, and societal stereotyping of Asian-Americans. Once again, the model minority myth is a plausible culprit. Finally, this Article asks what practical differences appointing more Asian-Americans judges can make,11 concluding that the true beneficiary may be the overall justice system rather than Asian- Americans specifically.II. UNDERREPRESENTATION OF ASIAN-AMERICAN JUDGESAsian-Americans are missing on the federal bench. To provide some context, Asian-Americans represent 4.9% of the general population, numbering 14.5 million in 2005. n Asian-Americans likewise represent approximately 4% of legal professionals overall.13 Among the largest law firms, 5.3% are Asian- American; among law students, 6.3% are AsianAmerican. However, when it comes to Asian-American judges, the numbers paint a very different picture, revealing a dramatic underrepresentation.There are currently 1289 "sitting" federal judges, which include both active judges and judges of senior status.14 Of these, only twelve are AsianAmerican, constituting less than 1% of the total. Four of these twelve are women and eight are men. In other words, and as illustrated in Figure 1, there are proportionately four to five times more Asian-Americans in the general population and in professional groups from which judges are drawn than in the federal judiciary. …


NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center has been developing lidar to remotely measure CO2 and CH4 in the Earth's atmosphere. We have advanced the tunable laser technology to enable high-fidelity measurements from space. In this paper, we will report on the progress of a fiber-based, 1.57-micron wavelength, laser transmitter that has demonstrated the optical performance required for a low earth orbiting instrument. The Laser transmitter has been packaged and is undergoing environmental testing to demonstrate its technology readiness for space.


The purpose of the current case-study is to bring further knowledge to the field of political science of political participation amoung the group assyrians and syriacs in Sweden. Furthermore, the f ...


The results of the evaluation of two different micromethods to identify Streptococci other than S. agalactiae and coagulase negative Staphylococci were reported. The comparison of the methods proposed with API System showed a sensibility of 94% for Streptococci and 85% for Staphylococci. The proposed methods are pratical and quick, with a sensivity close to commercial kits, but cheaper. The use of these methods in routine diagnosis work seems to give practical and economical advantages


An ultra-low power fully differential voltage-to-time converter (VTC) with DC offset calibration is proposed, which is applied to the differential baseband receiving path of the wake-up receiver (WuRx). The combination of the loop technology that can effectively calibrate the offset and the differential structure that can suppress noise and common-mode interference reduces the false alarm rate of the WuRx, improving the sensitivity and robustness. In addition, the VTC has the characteristic of low-pass filtering, which can omit the low-pass filter (LPF) module and greatly reduce the area. The proposed VTC is designed in TSMC 65nm LP CMOS process with a core size of 0.0552 mm2. The supply voltage is 0.4 V, facing the DC offset voltage is 2mV and the sampling period is 2ms, the offset voltage tends to be stable within 12ms. After calibration, the equivalent input offset is reduced from 2mV to 22 μV. The VTC is highly stable during the whole process, and the power consumption is as low as 5nW.


research designs, methods and conclusions. literature review critical compilations of studies previously, make a critical evaluation of the literature that was studied and progress a critical attitude.According Swales and Feak (2013), theliterature review section can explain clearly which potential areas for inclusion have not been covered in the review and why they have been omitted. Abstract : Writing a literature review has been noted as a challenging activity for novice writers in recent times. This study was conducted based on observations made in existing literature. It has been noted that novice writers hardly assess or evaluate their literature review sections. The study used the modified version of Swales' CARS model and Halliday's interactional resource respectively to help identify the various moves and steps used in the English of MPhil Research proposals of students of University of Cape Coast, specifically, MPhil in English Language students. Data was randomly selected from forty MPhil Research Proposals. The study identified three Moves in the literature review section of the proposals. The study found that Moves in the literature review section are sequentially arranged. The study also found that 25% of the research proposal writers use interactional resources to evaluate their literature. Hence, the study has confirmed that Bruce's observation that novice writers do not assess the literature review section but just summarize related studies, as true, since the majority of the research proposal writers were found not to have used any of the interactional resources to evaluate their related studies. The research proposal writers showed interest in summarizing related studies as compared with criticizing the method, theories and other related matters in the related studies. This study has significant implications for academic writing instructors, genre analysts and further studies.


Cancer is a neoplasmic deadly disease that involves unregulated cell division and tissue invasiveness. Existing lines of cancer treatment include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. These modern lines of treatment produce serious side effects. Recent studies established that herbs and herbal medicine are free from serious side effects. This study was designed to determine the phytocomponents in the whole plant of Borreria hispida L. Methods: In the present investigation, The plant Borreria collected from places such as Thiruvannamalai, Thiruvallur, Vizhupuram, Pondicherry and Arani. The phytochemical screening of Borreria hispida with Ethanol, Aqueous, Petroleum ether, Acetone and Chloroform and Phytochemical screening was carried out on to identify the major natural chemical groups such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins and steroids. The Antioxidant property with various extracts were assessed by standard method by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results: The Thiruvannamalai accession and the ethanolic extract of plant Borreria showed presence of strong positive phytochemicals for antioxidant property. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the plant is further subjected to TLC and GCMS analysis to investigate further phyto constitutions for anticancer activity. Key wordsBorreria hispida, Phytochemical screening, Antioxidant activity and Cancer.


A two-regional, five dimensional model describing the development of income, capital stock and money stock, which was introduced by T. Asada in [1], is analysed. Sufficient conditions are found for the existence of two pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues and a fifth negative one for the linear approximation matrix of the model. A theorem on the existence of invariant tori is presented.


In this paper, a monopole antenna with a circular disc at the top and parasitic strips around antenna is analytically investigated and simulated using the mode-matching technique and a commercially available software package, CST MW Studio based on FDTD algorithm. Mode-matching technique with boundary conditions are applied to compute the unknown modal coefficients in each region. For the usefulness of mode-matching technique to open boundary, the artificial ground plane is added away from the top- loading disc. Compared results between two methods show that the proper radius and height of parasitic elements can reduce the peak value of input impedance at the resonant frequencies over wide bandwidth without power dissipation due to lossy material used in conventional ways.


In this paper we report on the presence of inorganic Sb(III), a novel Sb(V)–citrate complex and a species tentatively identified as being non-complexed inorganic Sb(V) in citrus fruit juices stored in PET bottles.


Electronic device, the semiconductor device (10), in particular an integrated circuit, with a conductive layer on the first surface (21) and the second surface (22), a voltage supply connection arranged mutually in accordance with a chessboard pattern and a carrier substrate (20) having parts (62) and the ground connection (61). These connections (61, 62), via the vertical interconnects and the bumps (41, 42), extending in the form of straight passage to bond pads of the integrated circuit, the bond pads of the integrated circuit corresponding They are arranged in a chessboard pattern. As a result, an array of straight passage is formed, a voltage supply connection is (62), to form a coaxial center conductor as many coaxial structure.


The protein synthesis inhibitor fl-7-mcthylene guanosine triphosphate (GppCHsp) is shown here to be ineffective as a 'leaky mcmbrane' antiviral agent against enccphalomyocarditis virus infection of L cells and mice. Studies with GppCH2p in encephalomyocarditis virus-infccted L cells indicatc that the cells only bccomc permcable to the inhibitor late in infection because the compound significantly inhibits protein synthesis only when added at 4 h p.i. At this time 50 to 70 ~ of the new infectious virus particles have already been synthesized, and this is rcflectcd in maximum inhibition of virus yields of only about 40 ~. Moreover, comparison of inhibition of protein synthesis by GppCHzp in vitro and in cell cultures indicates that the intracellular concentration attained is only o'25 of that in the medium. The lack of antiviral activity of GppCH~p in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mice is probably due to leakiness of infected cells occurring too late for sufficient inhibition of virus synthesis to be obtained.


Over the past decade, Smart cities have been advanced and minimizing traffic congestion become the main concern in the progression of smart cities. The rapid growth in the number of road vehicles has raised the number of road accidents and traffic congestion. To Solve this problem, Vehicular Network (VN) formulated several novel concepts which include traffic control, vehicular communications, and navigation. Machine Learning (ML) will be an effective technique for identifying hidden insights into ITS without being programmed clearly by learning from data. This article develops an Optimal Extreme Learning Machine based Traffic Congestion Control System (OELM-TCCS) in vehicular networks. The presented OELM-TCCS technique mainly focuses on the identification and recognition of traffic congestion in VANET. To perform this, the presented OELM-TCCS technique primarily designs a new ELM model to carry out the classification process. In addition, the presented OELM-TCCS technique executes the satin bowerbird optimization (SBO) algorithm for parameter tuning of the ELM method. To demonstrate the boosted performance of the OELM-TCCS model, a series of experiments were executed. The experimental outcomes indicate the betterment of the OELM-TCCS method over recent methods with maximum accuracy of 99.17%.


Small bowel transplantation in humans, alone or in combination with other viscera, has been performed frequently using FK506 immunosuppression, and a large number of studies in cellular rejection have accumulated. However, the role of preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies on small bowel transplantation is not yet defined clearly. We reported previously that Lewis rats sensitized with multiple ACI skin grafts produced a high titer of anti-ACI lymphocytotoxic antibodies (IgG ≫ IgM) and hyperacutely rejected ACI heart and liver grafts.1 We also showed that the survival of either kind of graft in sensitized recipients inversely correlated to the lymphocytotoxic antibody titer and the length of time after the last skin grafting. When transplantation was delayed for 15 weeks or more after sensitization, heart and liver grafts were rejected in an antibody- and cell-mediated fashion, providing a clinically relevant animal model to study the role of preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies on transplantation.2

In this study, using the same sensitization protocol, antibody-mediated small bowel allograft rejection was studied. Results were compared with those of other organ allografts in the same setting.


A "ready-to-use" preparation for the production of frankfurter type sausage ("Activa WM", AJINOMOTO Europe Sales GmbH, Hamburg) was used for the studies. Protein was determined by a modified method according to Bradford [1]. Results were calculated using the absorbance quotient of A590nm and A450nm. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out according to Laemmli [2] on a gel with 14 % T (concentration of acrylamide and bisacrylamide) and 0,4 % C (concentration of bisacrylamide) at a constant current of 20 mA. Enzyme activity was determined by a colorimetric hydroxamate procedure described by Folk et al. [3].


New aerodynamic and material technology has enabled longer missions and increased payloads of the unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). To lengthen the battery life of the UAV, the objective is to develop a new breed of solar cells, which collects high energy trapped and absorbed in nano scaled metamaterial layer that would enable unrefueled flight. Employment of the metals and metal oxides, nano scaled cell system consisting of double and multiple layered photovoltaic devices in the solar cell was presented in this paper. The purpose of this research is to find practical metamaterials that can be used on the surfaces of fixed wing UAVs. The materials are composed of metals and dielectrics in which the surface plasmon polariton occurs when a beam of light is entered at a certain angle. In this paper, the reflection coefficient vs. angle for metamaterials are found through manual calculation and the use of computer programs. Also, surface plasmon polariton was created and the incident angle of the light wave and the effective index were calculated with the use of various metamaterials.


An unexpected wave is defined by Gemmrich & Garrett (2008) as a wave that is much taller than a set of neighboring waves. Their definition of "unexpected" refers to a wave that is not anticipated by a casual observer. Clearly, unexpected waves defined in this way are predictable in a statistical sense. They can occur relatively often with a small or moderate crest height, but large unexpected waves that are rogue are rare. Here, this concept is elaborated and statistically described based on a third-order nonlinear model. In particular, the conditional return period of an unexpected wave whose crest exceeds a given threshold is developed. This definition leads to greater return periods or on average less frequent occurrences of unexpected waves than those implied by the conventional return periods not conditioned on a reference threshold. Ultimately, it appears that a rogue wave that is also unexpected would have a lower occurrence frequency than that of a usual rogue wave. As specific applications, the Andrea and WACSIS rogue wave events are examined in detail. Both waves appeared without warning and their crests were nearly $2$-times larger than the surrounding $O(10)$ wave crests, and thus unexpected. The two crest heights are nearly the same as the threshold~$h_{0.3\cdot10^{6}}\sim1.6H_{s}$ exceeded on average once every~$0.3\cdot 10^{6}$ waves, where $H_s$ is the significant wave height. In contrast, the Andrea and WACSIS events, as both rogue and unexpected, would occur slightly less often and on average once every~$3\cdot10^{6}$ and~$0.6\cdot10^6$ waves respectively.


This paper describes two kinds of design and development methods of preparing the horizontal statistical tables, and analyzes their pros cons.Finally,gives an applied example.