he devastating impact of COVID-19 on different T business functions cannot be undermined. This effect was highly disruptive for the food industry where a number of businesses closed down whilst a significant number of businesses had gone bankrupted. Considering this stance, this study explored the impact of COVID--19 on the supply chain of the food industry which was also the objective of this study. The research opted for interpretivism paradigm and qualitative research approach, following which literary analysis of the previous studies conducted within this domain was compared and analyzed. Findings of the study identified that COVID-19 directly hindered the food industry's supply chain in the times of seasonal employment where most of the migrant workers were unavailable due to sickness, lockdown restrictions, or any sort of travel restrictions. Besides that, streamlining and managing the flow of food ensuring that all the stages of the supply chain in the food industry are completed effectively was identified as another key challenge. Likewise, economic shrinkage and reallocation of resources paralyzed the economy of many countries and, hence, hindered governmental institutions' capacity to provide financial incentives to the companies. In addition, logistical efficiency was also affected due to prolonged lockdown, devastating the fine-tuned schedule and causing disruption in the food supply chain. Therefore, many food-producing companies either closed their operations or had to reduce their production or operational capacity, which further resulted in increased demand, less supply, and less sales or profitability of the food businesses. it is recommended for the food businesses to consider restructuring their business models specifically related to progressive investment in the domain of supply chain. Companies need to foster collaboration among different actors or stakeholders of supply chain including an integration of raw material supply, manufacturing of food products and a streamlined chain of their supply in the market


Specifically discussed is the sailwing windmill. The aerodynamic characteristics of the sailwing itself are presented in condensed form and its natural application to the wind machine is discussed. Past and present sailwing windmill configurations are shown and their relative merits are compared. A section on a future promising configuration is presented and its compatibility to advanced technology electrical machinery is briefly discussed. Also included is a short bibliography.


For clinical studies of chronic diseases, patients are followed to determine whether treatment results in either improvement or decline in their clinical status. During periodic exams, laboratory specimens are collected that are believed to reflect both the progression and improvement in the disease status. Often patients miss visits and return with a changed disease status, resulting in interval‐censored laboratory markers and indicators of disease status. The goal of this paper is to propose a single test that would evaluate the relationship between a longitudinal marker and clinical progression or recovery when missing visits result in interval‐censored covariate and outcome data. We apply our test to evaluate the relationship between treatment compliance and progression and remission of renal disease in diabetic patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The study on hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention of shale is becoming more and more important as the exploration of unconventional oil and gas worldwide. There are multiple sets of lacustrine shales in the eastern area of China, which show a great potential for shale oil/gas exploration. In this study, a grain-based Rock-Eval pyrolysis method was conducted on three sets of lacustrine shales, including the Nenjiang shale, Shahejie shale, and Maoming oil shale, to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention. For comparison, pyrolysis of kerogen from the three shale samples was also carried out under the same experimental conditions. The Maoming oil shale showed a slightly broader distribution of activation energies than the Nenjiang and Shahejie shales, while the Nenjiang shale showed higher dominant activation energy than the Shahejie shale and the Maoming oil shale. At laboratory heating rates (5–25°C/min), the corresponding temperature to the maximum hydrocarbon generating rate of shale grains was collectively higher than that of their kerogen, especially for the Nenjiang and Shahejie shales, which implies a lagging effect during the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process for the shales. By calculating the differences in hydrocarbon yields between shale grain and kerogen samples, the content and proportion of the retained hydrocarbons were measured at different maturation stages. The results showed that the Nenjiang shale from the Songliao Basin has the strongest retention ability but the weakest expulsion ability, whereas the Shahejie shale from the Dongying Depression has the strongest expulsion ability but the weakest retention ability among the three samples. Moreover, it is found that the pore structure of lacustrine shales is likely the principal factor controlling the hydrocarbon retention ability/capacity. This study is expected to provide a geochemical quantitative basis for evaluating hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention of shale.


The paper carries on project comparison and benefit analysis on the basis of the change of the bridge engineering in the mountainous area. Inspirations are given to the design of bridge buttresses that is treatment in accordance with local condition,richly varied and flexible combination.


Contrary to the common opinion neural networks may be used for knowledge extraction. Recently a new methodology of logical rule extraction, optimization and application of rule-based systems has been described. C-MLP2LN algorithm, based on constrained multilayer perceptron network, is described here in details and the dynamics of a transition from neural to logical system illustrated. The algorithm han- dles real-valued features, determining appropriate linguistic variables or membership functions as a part of the rule extraction process. Initial rules are optimized exploring the tradeoff between accuracy/simplicity at the rule extraction stage and between reliability of rules and rejection rate at the optimization stage. Gaussian uncertainties of measurements are assumed during application of crisp logical rules, leading to "soft trape- zoidal" membership functions and allowing to optimize the linguistic vari- ables using gradient procedures. Comments are made on application of neural networks to knowledge discovery in benchmark and in real life


We describe the principle of QTM sphere solid partition based on great circle arcoctree and unequal octree and the features of their grid system,derive the volume formula ofgrid cells,discuss the size of the volume deformation among the grid cells at the same layerand in the same column,and compare them with degenerated octree subdivision on the shapedeformation,and explain the sphere octree encoding and decoding methods.The resultsshow that,at the full use of great circle arc characteristics,global 3D-grids based on QTMsphere octree of great circle arc have a simple shape,arranged in neat and moderate deformation.It can be used for the organization and management of spatial data of integrated earth.


Although the repression and elimination of Roma from Hungarian society in the 1940s did not reach the same extent as in the German and Austrian part of the Third Reich, their characterization as lazy and work-shy, used to justify their persecution, was similar. This paper establishes the presence of racial hygienic discourse related to Roma during the late 1930s and the first half of the 1940s in Hungary, and traces its survival and influence on regional policy-making in the postwar period. It furthermore explores the transformation and adaptation of racism and eugenics to the socialist ideology of equality based on citizens' participation in productive work in the early state socialist period, including the first Party declaration on the situation of Roma in Hungary in 1961. Specific attention is paid to the role of medical experts who discussed the "radical solution of the Gypsy-question" in the early 1940s and the immediate years following World War II. Reflecting on wider transformations of racism in the postcolonial and post-World War II period in Europe and North America, the paper contributes to scholarship that complicates the evaluation of the state socialist past, including the connection between medicine and politics in Cold War Europe.


List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. List of Abbreviations. 1. Introduction to Value at Risk (VaR). 2. Quantifying Volatility in VaR Models. 3. Putting VaR to Work. 4. Extending the VaR Approach to Non--tradable Loans. 5. Extending the VaR Approach to Operational Risk. 6. Applying VaR to Regulatory Models. 7. VaR: Outstanding Issues. Notes. References. Index.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to link previous research on diversity, social capital and strategic human resource management (SHRM), and propose a model to explain how an SHRM system can moderate the effects of diversity on cognitive and relational dimensions of social capital.Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative methodologies were used to address the study's research questions and hypotheses drawing on aggregated data obtained from 53 groups (228 individuals).Findings – The empirical evidence analyzed rejected a deterministic view of the consequences of diversity, assuming that the extent to which they benefit group social interaction depends on certain conditions that can be managed by SHRM. Adopting a configurational point of view, it is concluded that different SHRM configurations can be used, depending on the effects of diversity that the organization wishes to moderate.Research limitations/implications – Future research should consider the particularities of the sample.Practical impli...


In this paper, an impulsive control for synchronization of a class of unified chaotic systems with channel time-delay and parameter uncertainty is proposed. The practical stability of impulsive synchronization between two nonautonomous chaotic systems is studied. This practical stability is equivalent to that of the synchronization error system at the origin. Based on the theory of impulsive differential equation, the criterion for the practical stability of the synchronization error system at the origin is presented. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the method.


The agricultural supply chain has to balance the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability. This paper investigates the green agricultural supply chain, consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, who are both altruistic towards consumers. Such consumer-oriented altruism is different from the widely adopted enterprise-oriented altruism, which only measures the altruistic behaviors among supply chain enterprises. In the approach of game theory, the optimal operational decision is obtained, and thereby the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of sustainability are described rationally and attained, respectively. The impacts of consumer-oriented altruism on the sustainability of the green agricultural supply chain are analyzed and compared in a systematic way. A case study is carried out before drawing conclusions and managerial implications. The findings can be concluded as follows. Firstly, consumer-oriented altruism changes the operational performance of the green agricultural supply chain by enhancing the green level of agricultural products, cutting down the pricing decisions and marginal profit of each supply chain enterprise. Secondly, consumer-oriented altruism simultaneously facilitates each dimension of sustainability to different extents, and economic sustainability is promoted the most prominently, whereas environmental sustainability is improved the least. Thirdly, the retailer's consumer-oriented altruism always improves each dimension of sustainability more than the manufacturer's altruism does, and the advantage in the economic dimension is the most significant, while that in the environmental dimension is the smallest.


InxGa1–xN films and InxGa1–xN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were grown on highly tensile strained GaN/Si(111) structure by MOCVD. Due to the large difference of lattice constant and thermal expansion coefficient between GaN and Si, GaN growth on Si(111) substrate usually leads to an initially high dislocation density and cracks. We demonstrate the low dislocation density and crack-free GaN films grown on Si(111) substrate introducing an AlN/GaN strain compensation layer and SixNy dislocation masking layer. The Raman shift of E2 phonon peak of GaN films on Si(111) substrate indicate the strong tensile stress (0.474 GPa). The InxGa1–xN bandgap energy depended on In-composition, which can be fitted by a larger bowing parameter of b = 4.5 eV in Ga-rich region (x < 0.25). Also, crack-free InxGa1–xN/GaN MQWs with blue and green emissions were demonstrated. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


PROGRESS IN DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY The unceasing growth of work in radiology departments is the result only in part of more requests for routine investigations; it is also due to the expansion of radiology's frontiers. The use of opaque substances to show up the vascular and lymphatic systems was an important development, and it has been followed by experimental work on intensification of the screen image, xeroradiography, and microradiography. Intensification of the image on the fluorescent screen is made possible by a special type of highly evacuated tube in which x rays activate a fluorescent screen in the usual way. The screen emits light, which releases electrons from a photo-cathode with which the screen is backed, and these electrons are accelerated through the tube by applying about 20 kilovolts to them. They are then focused on a further small screen about one-ninth the size of the first screen, and the image on the smaller screen is viewed by an optical system which enlarges it about nine times to bring the image back to normal size. As a result the image is intensified 600 to 1,000 times, and consequently the current that needs to be used and, therefore, the dose of x rays administered to the patient are much smaller. By this method, too, a cine camera can be run for short intervals and the dose of x rays still be kept well within safe limits. Films of swallowing, intestinal movements, renal function, angiocardiography, cerebral angiography, and oesophageal speech have been made in this way. The fluorescent field is at present limited to, a diameter of 5 in. (13 cm.), but it is probable that this will be increased to 12 in. (30 cm.) in due course. The method is certain to have many applications in special investigations and in producing films for teaching and research. It has been used in practice to control pinning of the neck of the femur and to check the position in taking awkward radiographic views. Xeroradiography is another recent development which may, with improvements, have as great an effect in extending radiology. One of the great advantages would be that wet processing of films as we know it to-day may disappear. Xeroradiography makes use of a sheet of alloy with a coating of selenium on one surface in place of an x-ray film. The


stents for drainage of PFC are lacking. In this news and views, we will discuss two different studies in different centers in the USA comparing the outcome of plastic versus metal stent in the management of pancreatic fluid collections published recently. The first study is by Abu Dayyeh et al. who compared the outcome of endoscopic management of WON using a large caliber BFMS versus DPPSs in 94 patients.[8] The second study is by Lang et al. who compared the efficacy of drainage of PPFC (both PC and WON) by LAMS versus DPPSs in 103 patients.[9]


Polymorphisms of the genomic DNA of Shigella boydii,Salmonella pullorum,enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae from chicken were studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) assay.And genetic relationships among chicken S.boydii and other six bacterial strains were analyzed based on heredity distance.Four random primers were efficient to yield PCR product.Sixty-four RAPD bands were identified and 3 of them were common in all four strains-tested,but 61 of them were polymorphic,and the polymorphic bands accounted for 95.3%.The primer P2 could be used to differentiate Shigella and enteropathogenic E.coli from S.pullorum,but not be used to differentiate Shigella from enteropathogenic E.coli.The primer P6 could be used to differentiate the 3 species.Heredity distances among 7 bacterial strains were 0.128-0.790.According to the heredity distances,the 7 bacterial strains could be divided into 3 clustering groups,and chicken S.boydii and other two Shigella from human were in the same cluster group,which suggested that chicken S.boydii might be a new subspecies.


Injection molding technology should assure a high level of quality control of the molded parts in an automated way. Inherent complexities of the process make mathematical modeling difficult, hindering the control quality demands of conventional methods. Neural Network adaptive data based technology has been successfully applied in industrial applications since these rely on highly nonlinear modeling systems and are able to provide enough rich data for high control models the required process relationships. The focus of this paper is a Neural-Fuzzy approach for optimizing injection molding parameters settings. The approach consists of design of experiments (DOE) and Neural-Fuzzy systems.


The extremely restricted space within which trench warfare was fought in the Great War, combined with British policy against return of the dead, simultaneously ensured that soldiers would live with the corpses of their friends and that civilians would never see the fatalities of war. Combatants buried their dead and then encountered them again ("Shells disinter the bodies, then reinter them" |qtd. in Vansittart 95~), but the civilian bereaved were left with nothing to bury. Soldiers inhabited a world of corpses; British civilians experienced the death of their soldiers as pure corpselessness. In England, then, World War I included two markedly different categories of experience, a discrepancy which complicated the gap that always separates language from experience. While verbal descriptions of war can never wholly convey the physical experience of war, the discontinuous categories of soldier and civilian--of death as corpses and death as corpselessness--meant that civilians were in a position to speak about war and to speak about death without ever seeing the war dead. The experience may have been inaccessible, but the language never was. Civilians were therefore able to maintain a consistent vocabulary for talking about war throughout its duration: never having to confront its grisly details, they were never forced to modify their notions of "honor" or "heroism." And while clearly not responsible for the war's geography or the government's decision against shipping home the bodies of soldiers (there was a public outcry, in fact, against that policy), civilians did display a pronounced preference for verbal formulations of death emphasizing glory rather than gore--that exploited, in other words, the protection they enjoyed. British modernist writers were, almost without exception, not soldiers. I would like to suggest, however, that they distinguished themselves from many civilians by their concern to recognize the gap between language and experience--a gap which during the Great War signified the profound difference between being conversant in maps and casualty lists, on the one hand, and living in trenches with corpses, on the other. Like soldiers, modernist writers were infuriated by the way in which civilian conversations, newspapers and propaganda exploited the physical distance separating them from the front as an opportunity to fudge the relationship between the words describing war and the actual experience of war. Both writers and combatants rebelled against inherited notions about language which seem naive to us now but which would, as Paul Fussell explains, have been taken for granted in the "static world" of August 1914. |This was a world~ where the values appeared stable and where the meanings of abstractions seemed permanent and reliable. Everyone knew what Glory was, what Honor meant. It was not until eleven years after the war that Hemingway could declare in A Farewell to Arms that "abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates." In the summer of 1914 no one would have understood what on earth he was talking about. (21) Of course, Fussell is speaking here about civilians. It did not take soldiers eleven years to apprehend the inadequacy of such abstractions. In 1916, the British government decided that soldiers would be buried where they died; families would not have the right to demand the return of combatants' bodies for burial. Civilians did demand, however information about where their sons and brothers and fiances were buried. In its "War Graves" issue commemorating the tenth anniversary of the armistice, The Times of London described how the introduction of conscription in 1916 changed the expectations of military families: "British soldiers were men whose parents and wives had not accepted as one of the conditions of a professional soldier's career, the possibility of an unknown grave in a foreign country; |now~ their relatives poignantly and insistently demanded, and it was the desire of a sympathetic Adjutant-General in the Field to supply them with, the fullest information as to the location of the graves of those who fell" ("Imperial" vi). …


The purpose of this study was to determine whether the consumption environment influences the perception of quality of the food by the consumer. Edwards et al. (2000) previous study was used as a basis for this research, which showed that the environment produces influence on the perception of quality of the food.
Through an experimental method, were served the same meal in three distinct environments, for the same group of individuals. The environments were classified as low, medium and high value-added service, according to the level of services offered. The sample was composed of 50 mid-level workers belonging to a company's commercial, at a brazilian middle-west capital. To assess the results were used techniques such as discriminant analysis and analysis of variance.The results showed that individuals can differentiate the environments just in same ways, because they feel the conventional environment (average sophistication) as being the best.


The round mesas are enigmatic because they occur in low areas of the outflow channels where the most intense megaflood erosion occurred. Hundreds of meters of basalts were stripped away. Why were the round mesas preserved and how do they differ from the geologic strata around them that were more easily eroded? One theory suggests the Ravi Vallis mesas are mafic (doleritic) stocks that intruded the Noachian crust [1]. That could explain their resistance to fluvial erosion and their bright nighttime infrared signature when compared to the channel floor (see [1]). The Elaver Vallis mesa does not show a similar brightness in nighttime IR images (Fig. 2). Mesa Characteristics: The round mesa in Elaver Vallis is 9 km wide, with well-developed longitudinal ridges on its upper surface, similar to the channel floor (Fig. 3). The top of the mesa is 100-150 m higher than the channel floor and lies >200 m below the pre-flood surface. This depth possibly represents Noachian-age crust. At least 200 m of layered basalts had to be stripped away by fluvial erosion to expose the top of the mesa. Fluvial erosion created a prominent moat around the upstream margin of the mesa (Fig. 3). Landform Evolution: A proposed evolutionary sequence for the mesa is illustrated in Fig. 4. The crater elevation profile in this figure (black dotted line) is the MOLA profile of an unnamed crater at coordinates 7.34°S, 53.25°W. This crater is 600 m deep and similar in diameter to the round Fig. 2. Nighttime IR view of circular mesa. THEMIS image I33679005 (local time 3.30 hrs) [3].


The thesis explores the construction of gender in the Hollywood Teen Movie, often perceived as 'the odious norm' of Hollywood cinema with little to warrant serious analysis.[1] Although Timothy Shary's work has done much to promote the genre as an area of academic enquiry, there have been few sustained textual analyses of the Teen Movie.
Through close textual analysis of seven representative case studies, this thesis stages an encounter between Butler's work on gender and the Teen Movie. Butler's theorisation of performativity denaturalises and deconstructs the assumption of heteronormativity, enabling a detailed analysis of the genre's 'sexual coming-of-age narrative'.[2] Further, the textual analyses complicate and augment aspects of her theories. Following a review of the literature on the Teen Movie, and an examination of Butler's oeuvre, the thesis is divided into three sections. Firstly, the prom is explored as a typical narrative conclusion to the School Film. Secondly, the following chapter analyses star performance and film acting in the youth delinquency film. The final chapter examines the genre's construction of the past in the "nostalgic" teen movie. The original contribution to knowledge is twofold: the thesis significantly expands existing work on the Teen Movie, and uses the depth and range of specific examples from the case studies to complicate Butler's work. Textual analysis of each film's
construction of heteronormativity demonstrates that this normative and mainstream genre offers a more complex and critical presentation of heterosexual norms than previously appreciated. The thesis rethinks the norm by demonstrating the complexity
of normative culture, which demonstrates a range of examples that call for a reconsideration of Butler's theorisation of gender norms.


Two kinds of organic silicone resin coatings (T1 and T2) with the ability to resist corrosion induced by molten Al-12.07%Si alloy were prepared so as to extend the service life of 20G heat exchange tube used in solar thermal power generation integration systems. The mechanical properties and anticorrosion behavior of the two kinds of coatings were investigated. Results show that both T1 and T2 coatings have good thermal shock resistance and high bonding strength with the steel substrate. Besides, they both have good resistance against corrosion by molten Al-12.07%Si alloy; and in particular, coating T2 possesses better anticorrosion ability and shows an anticorrosion life of 19 times as much as that of the steel substrate.


The study considers the high maneuverability flight and path optimization is conducted to investigate the appropriate generation of the lift and thrust considering the angle of the stroke plane. The path optimization problem is defined according to the various purposes of the high maneuverability flight. The flying purposes are to maximize thrust force, lift force and both lift and thrust forces. The flapping motion of the airfoil is made by a combined sinusoidal plunging and pitching motion in each problem. The optimization process is carried out by using well-defined surrogate models. The surrogate model is determined by the results of two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis. The Kriging method is used to make the surrogate model and a genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize the surrogate model. The optimization results show the flapping motions for the high maneuverable flight. The effects on the generation of lift and thrust forces are confirmed by analyzing the vortex.


The promulgation and implementation of the national human rights action plans has attracted some attention from the scholars.Their researches focus on the plan's significance,character interpretation,implementation and criticism or suggestions.Most of the researches especially try to interpret the plan and find ways to realize it from the perspective of law,politics and public administration.Comparatively speaking,the international comparative research,the question-oriented comprehensive research and the concrete research in this area are too weak.We should try to develop interdepartmental methods,integrate qualitative and quantitative methods to make historical and international research on the relative questions of national human rights action plan.


Developing an evolutionary perspective towards the changing anatomy of the banking sector reveals the enduring tensions and contradictions between spatial centralisation and the possibilities for decentralisation before, during and after the British banking crisis. The shift from banking boom to crisis in 2007 is conceptualised as a significant and on-going moment in the long-term evolution of the historical institutional-spatial dominance of London over other city-regions in Britain. The analysis demonstrates the importance of the institutional and geographical legacies of the British national political economy and variegation of capitalism established in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in shaping contemporary geographical outcomes. Regulatory changes combined with financial innovation in the latter years of the twentieth century to create an opportunity for English regional and Scottish banks excluded from previous institutional-spatial centralisation to expand excessively and consequently several failed in the banking crisis. The paper considers the future trajectory of institutional-spatial centralisation in the banking sector amidst the continued spatial restructuring of the banking crisis, involving a re-drawing of organisational boundaries, overlapping institutional and technological changes and unprecedented uncertainty about the impact of Brexit on Britain's wider political and economic landscape.


Shea nuts (Vitellaria paradoxa) were cracked and sorted. Fluted pumpkin seeds (Telfairia occidentalis Hook) were dehulled and washed. The Shea kernel and Telfairia cotyledons were oven dried (60°C, 24h) separately in a hot air oven, milled into flour and oil extracted. Crude palm oil extracted from the palm fruit was used as control. The oil samples were analyzed for chemical composition, physical properties, and fatty acid profile. Shea nut oil (Shea butter) gave 58.00% ether extract, 0.88% free fatty acids, 1.7mgKOH/g acid value, 1.03mEqO2/kg peroxide value, 70.00g/100g iodine value, 227.94mgKOH/g saponification value, 0.95% Unsaponifiable matter, and 226.17mgKOH/g ester value. Fluted pumpkin seed oil gave 52.60% ether extract, 0.71% free fatty acids, 1.41mgKOH/g acid value, 1.17mEqO2/kg peroxide value, 119.67g/100g iodine value, 179.04mgKOH/g saponification value, 0.57% Unsaponifiable matter, and 177.63mgKOH/g ester value. The iodine value of Shea butter and Telfairia seed oil were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the control which gave 57.33g/100g iodine value. Shea butter also gave 1.461 refractive index, 0.927g/ml density, 36.57°C slip melting point, 211.00°C smoke point, 83.92cSt kinematic viscosity, and 4red and 20yellow lovibond colour. Fluted pumpkin seed oil gave 1.463 refractive index, 0.903g/ml density, 18.60°C slip melting point, 244.50°C smoke point, 34.98cSt kinematic viscosity, and 5red and 20yellow lovibond colour. Shea butter gave 50.6% total saturated fatty acids, and 49.1% total unsaturated fatty acids, with stearic (45.8%) and oleic (42.5%) as the predominant saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids respectively. Fluted pumpkin seed oil gave 18.4% total saturated fatty acids, and 80.2% total unsaturated fatty acids, with palmitic (17.5%) and linoleic (62.4%) as the predominant saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids respectively. Shea butter, with a melting point of 36.57°C will provide a good solid base for bakery fat production, while Telfairia seed oil with iodine value of 119.33(g/100g) will provide healthy fatty acids and the needed plasticity. A blend of Shea butter and fluted pumpkin seed oil in bakery fat production has potential to improve the nutritional and functional properties of the end products.


As the UK government weathers sustained criticism for denying the drug to sick children, Portugal legalises medical cannabis, and all eyes are on Canada, set to become the first major economy to allow non-medical use of the plant. Richard Hurley reports


Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an important postprandial enterokine which regulates liver metabolism and hepatocyte proliferation. However, the precise mechanism by which FGF19 regulates these cellular effects is poorly understood. Given that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates numerous postprandial adaptations, we investigated the potential role of mTORC1 in FGF19 action. We found that FGF19 activated mTORC1 in HepG2 and HuH7 human hepatoma cells, differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and mouse liver. FGF19 activates the mTORC1‐p70S6K and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk)‐p90RSK pathways independently to regulate S6 in an additive manner in hepatoma cells, but it uses mTORC1 as the primary pathway to regulate S6 in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Thus, mTORC1 is a novel mediator of FGF19 signaling, which can act in parallel with Erk or function as the primary pathway to regulate S6. The FGF19‐induced mTORC1 pathway requires amino acids for efficient signaling; thus, involvement of mTORC1 confers amino acid sensitivity to FGF19 signaling. Although Akt and Erk are known to activate mTORC1, we found that FGF19 signals to mTORC1 through a third recently identified mTORC1 regulator, Ras‐like (Ral) protein. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of RalA or RalB abolished FGF19‐induced mTORC1 activation, demonstrating that Ral proteins are required for FGF19 to activate mTORC1. FGF19 induced metabolic gene expression, fatty acid oxidation, cell growth, and proliferation in HepG2 cells; and these effects were abolished by mTORC1 inhibition, demonstrating an essential role of mTORC1 in FGF19 action. Conclusion: mTORC1 is a novel and essential mediator of FGF19 action on metabolic and mitogenic programs; thus, the involvement of mTORC1 in FGF19 signaling is an important factor to consider when targeting the pathway for cancer or diabetes therapy. (Hepatology 2016;64:1289‐1301)


Transient broadband Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is a pervasive problem for measurement radars instrumenting outdoor test ranges. These noise signals manifest themselves unpredictably in measurement data and must be detected and removed to preserve overall data quality. Large data volumes make the manual identification of RFI intractable over the long term, but trained human experts can successfully identify RFI when the data is represented visually. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been used to some success in mimicking human visual inspection across a wide range of disciplines, and are recently applied to RFI detection in the closely related field of radio astronomy. We present a CNN architecture which is resistant to overfitting, trains quickly, and exhibits excellent performance in flagging RFI-contaminated data in a range instrumentation radar system (Receiver Operating Characteristics Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.998, Precision-Recall AUC = 0.998).


The characteristics of type 1V bursts are described from sweep frequency observations in the ranges 25-580 Mc/s and 2100-3900 Mc/s. The bursts typically commence a few minutes after the start of a flare of high importance, cover a wide frequency range, and may last for several hours. The association of the bursts with type II (slow-drift) bursts and type III (fast-drift) bursts is also discussed. Approximately 40% of type IV bursts are followed by polar cap absorption and 75% by magnetic storms. (auth)


In order to improve the effect of modern music teaching, this paper combines AI technology to construct a multimedia-assisted music teaching system, combines music teaching data processing requirements to improve the algorithm, proposes appropriate music data filtering algorithms, and performs appropriate data compression processing. Moreover, the functional structure analysis of the intelligent music teaching system is carried out with the support of the improved algorithm, and the three-tier framework technology that is currently more widely used is used in the music multimedia teaching system. Finally, in order to realize the complex functions of the system, the system adopts a layered approach. From the experimental research results, it can be seen that the multimedia-assisted music teaching system based on AI technology proposed in this paper can effectively improve the effect of modern music teaching.


The city of Belo Horizonte developed unexpectedly in the 1950s. The arrival of automobiles resulted in the enlargment of roads, the population of the "cidade jardim" followed the drastic change, with the growth of its population and the construction of skyscrapers. The peak of population growth migrating from rural to urban space, resulted in an inadequate and inefficient infrastructure. The effects of this process are felt on all urban equipment related to water resources: water supply, transport and sewage treatment. From the perspective of transportation, looking for alternatives for surface rainfall runoff, This study proposes to carry out an environmental diagnosis of the Brejinho Park, sub basin of the stream Engenho Nogueira, aiming at a microdrainage solution, to delay the flood wave in the Ribeirão do Onça Hydrographic Basin. With the function of cushioning the flood flows and reducing the risk of flooding. Where a hydraulic modeling was performed using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software, in order to simulate compensatory device interference in the basin. The implantation of the infiltration trenches proved to be technically feasible for the current scenario, reducing impacts caused by high local sealing. This makes it an alternative to flood reduction.


Aims and Objectives: Increase of childhood obesity prevalence and rapid changes in socio-economic status resulted in a decline in age at menarche, which contributes, to a number of diseases affecting women's future health. The objective of this study is to assess the mean age at menarche in girls of ages 9-16 and observe its relationship with their body mass index and other covariates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 female students of both private and governmental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during March –May 2013. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, physical activity, diet, and age at menarche were collected from students and their mothers, using self-administered questionnaires. Physical examinations were conducted to collect the anthropometric measurements. Results: Out of 304 students with a mean age (SD) of 12.52(2.08), 165 (54.3%) attained menarche. Mean menarcheal age (SD) for the girls was 12.08 (1.28). The mother's mean age at menarche was positively correlated with their daughters (r=0.411, P 0.05).  Governmental school students attained menarche at a higher age (12.34) than private school students (11.59), and the difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion : Schoolgirls in our study attained menarche at an early age with a mean menarcheal age of 12.08 years. Our data follows the globally and regionally observed declining trends of age at menarche. When assessing BMI as an influencing factor of onset of menarche, our results showed no correlation. Further longitudinal studies are encouraged to monitor factors influencing the onset of menstruation, in order to prevent the potentially adverse consequences of early menarche. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 5-12


The application of SRM 1571 Orchard Leaves as an international reference material for vanadium in biological materials is hampered by the lack of consensus with respect to its true vanadium concentration. Instrumental neutron activation analysis, and neutron activation analysis with pre- or post-irradiation chemical separation were found to give consistently different results. This is attributed to the presence of a significant part of the vanadium in an insoluble, but partly exchangeable, inorganic form. Differences in published results by several different analytical methods could be explained completely in this way. The SRM 1571 is not recommended as a reference material for vanadium in biological materials. 3 tables.


Accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET) is a key factor in agricultural water management including irrigated agriculture. The objective of this study was to compare ET estimated from the satellite-based remote sensing METRIC model to in situ atmometer readings. Atmometer readings were recorded from three sites in eastern South Dakota every morning between 8:15 and 8:30 AM for the duration of the 2016 growing season. Seven corresponding clear sky images from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 (Path 29, Row 29) were processed and used for comparison. Three corn fields in three sites were used to compare actual evapotranspiration ( ). The results showed a good relationship between estimated by the METRIC model ( -METRIC) and estimated with atmometer ( -atm) ( = 0.87, index of agreement of 0.84, and RMSE = 0.65 mm day−1). However, -atm values were consistently lower than -METRIC values. The differences in daily between the two methods increase with high wind speed values (>4 m s−1). Results from this study are useful for improving irrigation water management at local and field scales.


Following the success of the first edition, Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance Second Editionmaintains the delineation of core principles of corporate governance and provides a concise presentation of vital topics and emerging themes in corporate governance within the private sector. This definitive book not only exposes the fundamental principles of corporate governance, it builds upon them by illustrating how they are applied. It includes several prominent case studies, and directors' duties and liabilities are illustrated by drawing on the most recent Australian court cases. Although grounded in Australian corporate governance, the book will appeal to practitioners and students of law and business management internationally. Principles of corporate governance are explicated for readers in all jurisdictions, with specific reference to the global financial crisis and the implications for corporate governance developments in the future. The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance are addressed, and specific chapters on corporate governance debates in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Japan and China have been provided by expert contributors for this new edition.


The temporal profiles of harmonic cross phase modulation pulses from 500 to 570 nm generated in ZnSe by a 1054 nm picosecond pulse have been observed and theoretically modeled. The pulse shape of these harmonic‐modulated pulses is accounted for by the interference and induced phase matching of the harmonic generated waves in ZnSe by cross phase modulation.


Claudius Ptolemy reports some 19 eclipses of the Moon in his astronomical treatise known today as the Almagest (Toomer 1984, Britton 1992, Steele 2000a, Steele 2000b). He explains that ten of these eclipses were observed in Babylon, five by earlier Greek astronomers in Alexandria and Rhodes, and the final four by Ptolemy himself in Alexandria. Since the mid-18th century these eclipses have been used extensively in the study of the Earth's slowly changing rate of rotation, or, as it was originally interpreted, the secular accelerations of the Sun and Moon (Britton 1992, Stephenson 1997). Because of the antiquity of these eclipse observations, the cumulative effect of the extremely small change in the length of the day can be easily detected in their times, irrespective of the fact that these times are only recorded with rough precision. However, it was quickly recognized that one of these eclipse reports, a Babylonian observation of a lunar eclipse on 23 December 383 BC, yielded a result for the secular accelerations that was discordant with the other eclipses. Many authors have therefore questioned Ptolemy's account of this eclipse, suggesting that either he misinterpreted a prediction for the eclipse made by Babylonian astronomers for an observation, or that he invented the observational details. However, a recently dated original astronomical text from Babylon contains a very badly preserved report of this same eclipse, indicating that Ptolemy correctly reported the eclipse as having been seen in Babylon (Hunger 2001: text no. 10; see also Steele 2001, Steele 2004). The most extensive recent investigation into the variation in the Earth's rate of rotation is by Stephenson and Morrison (1995). By combining timed and untimed observations of lunar and solar eclipses observed in several cultures, they were able to obtain a cubic spline fit to the Earth's rotational clock error, known as ∆T, for the period back to the mid-first millennium BC. Since Stephenson and Morrison's spline fit for ∆T implies that the eclipse of 23 December 383 BC was not visible in Babylon, and yet the newly discovered cuneiform account of this eclipse confirms that Ptolemy was correct in reporting it as seen in Babylon, it is worth reinvestigating this eclipse and its significance for the Earth's variable rate of rotation. I begin by discussing Ptolemy's account of this eclipse and its interpretation by earlier investigators of Earth's rotation, then present the Babylonian account of the eclipse, before finally discussing the eclipse reports in the context of ∆T.


Twists in the outflow graft of the HeartMate 3 device (Abbott) have recently been described as a sporadic, late complication. We present a case with a unique combination of external compression of the HeartMate 3 outflow graft by a surgical scar compounded by thrombus formation in the space between the band relief and the outflow graft with associated twist of the outflow graft and severe flow limitation. Computed tomography angiogram (CTA) of the chest was suggestive of outflow graft thrombosis. Our case sheds additional light on the limited specificity of gated CTA in distinguishing the outflow graft twisting from thrombotic obstruction and kinking. Citation: Saleb K, et al. A Case of HeartMate III Outflow Graft Twisting with Extraluminal Thrombosis: Is CT Angiography Helpful? The VAD Journal. 2020; 6 [Epub ahead of print]. Editor-in-Chief: Maya Guglin, University of Kentucky Received: July 27, 2019 Accepted: February 22, 2019 Published Online: March 12, 2020 © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/lice nses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original author(s) and the publication source are credited. Funding: Not applicable Competing interests: None


An embedded DRAM macro with self-adjustable timing control and a power-down data retention scheme is described. A 16Mb test chip is fabricated in a 0.13/spl mu/m low-power process and it achieves 312MHz random cycle operation. Data retention power is 73/spl mu/W, which is 5% compared to a conventional one.


Encouragement of the population's business activity should become one of the conditions of the implementation of the RSFSR government's Program of Measures for Economic Stabilization and Transition to Market Relations. The Program for the Support of Entrepreneurship developed by the RSFSR State Committee for Antimonopoly Policy and Support of New Economic Structures is intended to create the political, economic, and social conditions necessary for expanding the entrepreneurial sector of the economy and to ensure its effective functioning.


In the course of studies on the iodine-sensitized conjugation of 1, 4-diene compounds, the effects of iodine compounds on this reaction were investigated. A solution containing 10% methyl linoleate and iodine compound (0.1% : calcd. for I2) in petroleum ether was irradiated with a 100 W high-pressure mercury lamp for 8 h.Iodine compounds, especially CHI3, CH2I2, IBr, ICl, (CH3) 2CHI, ICl3 and C6H5I, were found effective for this sensitized reaction. Methyl linoleate was converted to conjugated dienoates in approximately 80% yields along with small quantities of methyl trans-octadecenoates and dimers. The ratio of cis, trans-, cis, cis- and trans, trans-forms was 8 : 1 : 24 in the conjugated dienes. Conjugation with CH3I was quite slow, the yield being 10% after 8 h.The activities of iodine compounds in this sensitized reaction decrease in the following order : CHI3 ≥ I2 ≥CH2I2 ≥ IBr ≥ ICl > (CH3) 2CHI ≥ ICl3 ≥ C6H5 I>p-CH3C6H4I >> CH3 (CH2) 3I > CH3 (CH2) 2I >> CH3CH2I > CH3IThe rates of conjugation of methyl linoleate thus appear closely correlated to the dissociation energies of the I-X bonding (X=C, Cl, Br, I) and absorption spectra of iodine compounds.This isomerization proceeds fundamentally in the same way as noted in the previous paper. That is, an iodine compound first dissociates with light, and conjugation subsequently proceeds through a radical mechanism involving a bridged iodoalkyl radical.


In this paper, we consider the challenging problem of anomalous behavior detection in videos. Considering the pixel based anomaly detection, we have used k-mean clustering, a posteriori probability based probabilistic model, and region intersection to detect the anomalies in the video. The proposed technique considers the normal events as the events of higher probabilities. Densely sampled points are passed to a probabilistic model through k-mean clustering to obtain the probability of events. A threshold on the probability values is applied to distinguish anomaly from normal events. The final results of anomalous event detection obtained from different spatial scales are combined through region intersection. The integration of results of multi-scale anomaly detection using region intersection reduces false positives robustly. We have tested our technique over publically available standard video anomaly dataset.


Aim. The article is a report from the research conducted in 2017 during the Forum Theatre performance, and it demonstrates the possibilities of using the Forum Theatre of Augusto Boal in activities to prevent exclusion from the peer group of teenage students. The purpose of this article is to signal the possibility of using the idea of  Boal in preventing exclusions in the school space.
Methods. In order to discuss the problems, the analysis of source material and participant observations were used.
Results. At Forum Theatre, young people reveal their worldview and value system by interacting with actors and performing stage activities. The teacher, observing the students actions in the performance, can assess their empathy, sensitivity and interpersonal competence. The teacher gets to know the qualities that affect the student's mental state at the time of exclusion from the peer group. In the theatrical activity, the personality of the student with his or her predisposition to being a victim or torturer is revealed. Using the example of the analysed spectacle The Cage directed by Jaroslaw Rebelinski in 2017, it is clearly seen that the Forum Theatre makes it possible to get to know the student, and thus his or her problems in relation with peers. Forum Theatre shows the effects and causes of exclusion while simultaneously signalling to the teacher the symptoms of the problem manifesting themselves in the behaviour of young people.
Conclusion. Forum Theatre can be a diagnostic method for teachers in activities preventing the exclusion of a student from a peer group at school. Forum Theatre can be used as a method of working with students at risk of exclusion due to intolerance, lack of acceptance or lack of developed communication skills.


The generation of huge amount of heat in high production machining at high cutting veloeit} and feed rate shortens the tool life and deterioratcs the job quality. 'l1,e conventional cutting tluids arC not that effcctive in such high producti"n machining particularly in continuous cutting of materials like steels, Becausc of these some alternatives has been ',Ought to minimize or even avoid thc use of cutting fluid in machining operation.l. One of these alternativcs is machining with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). It is a mixture of impinging of least amount of cutting fluid along with highly compres,ed air through a small noalc result, in reducing thc heat produced during metal cutting. The effect, of MQI, on cutting performance, in respect of chip fonnation, chiptool intcrface temperature, cutting forces, tool wear and tool life as well as product quality i.e, dimensional deviation and surface roughncss have bccn studied using t"o different uncoated carbide imerts (SNMM and SNMG) for three different steels viz (i) medium carbon steel (ii) AISI 4140 steel and (iii) A1SI 4320 steel. The same experiments were carried out on thc above under dry condition in order to compare the results \~ith those obtained under MQL conditions. The result indicated that the machining with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) perf"nned much better than dry or wel machining mainly duc to <ubstantial reduction in culting zone temperature enabling favorable chip-tool interaction. Thi, also facilitated the reduction in cutting forces and substantial reduction in tool wcar in leading to cnhance tool life, dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The overail results of the present investigation clearly rcvealed that proper application of minimum quantity lubricants (MQL) method not only make the machining environment mOre eco-friendly but also provide, substantial technological benefits and hence cconOll1ical gain, which are the reasonable target, of the modern ll1achining industries,


The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a compound water-preservation and viscosity promoting material used in commercial mortar and a preparation method thereof. Ca-bentonite, na-bentonite, kaolin, sepiolite, zeolite, cellulose ether (viscosity 10000mPa.s-200000mPa.s), fly ash and lignosulfonate are mixed and then ground till sieve residue is less than 40 percent with 0.08mm square opening sieve. The invention can greatly improve the cohesiveness and consistency of mortar, reduce the stratification of mortar and improve the water retaining rate of the mortar and perfect the uniformity, stability and constructability of mortar mixture, thus promoting construction efficiency and reducing environmental pollution. Being added with the material of the invention, the strength and durability of the mortar can be improved and the hazard of shrinkage and crack can be obviously reduced. The invention is specially used in the preparation of (dry-mixed, ready-mixed) mortar for masonry, plastering and ground commodities and also applied to the preparation of thermal insulation mortar and decorative plaster, etc.


This article places Anthony Mann's Border Incident (1949)—probably the only Hollywood film to represent the Bracero Program—within the genre of the police procedural, a genre that typically depicted government forces in an idealized, positive light. This study argues that Mann's film helped to stabilize the public image of the Bracero Program by presenting a historically inaccurate view of the U.S. government's supposedly benevolent efforts to protect migrants and regulate undocumented migration. The article contends that the U.S. government actually reduced its direct control over the Bracero Program in this period, allowed abuses in the program to go unchecked, and encouraged undocumented migration through the adoption of various policies.


The basic assumption underlying statistical control chart criteria is that the process measurements are independent and identically distributed over time. However, autocorrelation and other time-series effects occur frequently in application. In this paper, the effects of autocorrelation are investigated for the frequently advocated supplementary runs rules. For both individual control charts based on the moving range and sample standard deviation, using simulation, the impact of autocorrelation for the AR(1) on in-control average run lengths is given.


Evidence is presented which indicate that pyrolysis of N-(3-hydroxypropylthio)phthalimide gives 1,2-oxathiolan as a volatile product via an intermediate tentatively identified as a cyclic oligomer.


The aim of this study was to modify an algorithm for mapping service areas, also known as access areas. The algorithm is widely applied in network analyses. Service areas are generated based on features such as road networks and base points representing selected objects or facilities. Spatial barriers in the space between road segments are not taken into account in the process of generating service areas. Such barriers include railway lines and rivers. In this study, a methodology for generating service areas that accounts for spatial barriers was proposed by designing a dedicated tool in the ModelBuilder application in ArcGIS (ESRI) software. The ModelBuilder application has limited functionality, and the developed algorithm had to be modified. The modified algorithm was verified based on spatial data from four cities. The results produced by standard analytical methods were compared with the results generated by the modified algorithm. The study demonstrated that spatial barriers decrease the size of service areas. The modified algorithm generates more reliable results than standard methods.


Objective:To explore the effects of tetramethyl pyrazine(TMP) on the ultrastructural changs of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MIRI)in rats.Methods:Twenty four Spargue Dawley(SD)rats were egually divided into injury group and TMP treated group.TMP (50mg/kg)and equal volume of normal saline were injected through thecaudal vein of the rat within 30 sec before reperfusion. ultrastructural changes of myocardium 10min after reperfusion were observed by electron microscope.Results:Edema of the myocardial cells,glycogen depletion,swelling of mito chondria with vacuolization and breaking of myocardial fibrils with patchy lysis were found in the injury group.But in the TMP treated group through the degenerative changes still exist,they were alleviated markedly.Conclusion:TMP may effectively protect the injury of myocardium from MIRI.


Clinical experience of over a quarter of a century has firmly established the efficacy of surgery, radium and x-rays in the treatment of cancer generally. However, the relative importance of surgery and irradiation varies with the different types of cancer. To take two instances: The clinical study of the last two decades has definitely established the fact that, in cancer of the cervix, irradiation gives results superior to surgery, and the former is today the method of choice. In cancer of the breast, on the other hand, surgery remains the most important therapeutic method, and irradiation is second in importance. This striking phenomenon is, in my opinion, due to the difference in the clinical course of these two types of cancer. Cancer of the cervix invades the surrounding normal tissues (rectum, urinary bladder, ureters and blood vessels) and regional lymph nodes. Very rarely are metastases formed in distant regions and


ABSTRACT Language is frequently present in the conflictual symbolic politics of violent inter-group conflict. In Northern Ireland, the Irish language has long been contested and has been drawn into the maelstrom of cultural conflict since the 1998 Good Friday Agreement; hence the improbability of an Irish language learning/teaching initiative, operating since 2011, based in Protestant, pro-British East Belfast. This article offers the first academic analysis of the "Turas" project, focusing on understanding its reconciliation contribution. Firstly, the article examines why language is so often contested in identity group competition. Secondly, findings of qualitative research inside Turas regarding the means and meanings associated with the project are reported. Thirdly, drawing on the case study, the article argues that language learning offers three distinct reconciliatory opportunities: revising destructive understandings of history; challenging exclusivist territorializations of group memory; and facilitating critical reflection on self, and empathy for other.


In this article, we present a theoretical and experimental study of the x‐ray emission produced by laser plasma sources in different spectral ranges appropriate for x‐ray lithography either in proximity printing (XRL) or projection (XRPL) approaches. For XRPL application, experiments using 10 ns laser pulses show that the maximum conversion efficiency in the (80–250 eV) range is attained at I=1011 W cm−2 whereas for 25 ns pulses and I≤6×1011 W cm−2, it is still increasing with laser intensity. On the other hand, higher laser intensities are required to obtain a high conversion efficiency for XRL (0.9–1.4 keV). Efficient emission peaked at 1.1 keV can be achieved for I≥1013 W cm−2 with copper targets and pulse duration shorter than 5 ns. For iron line emission (peak at 0.9 keV), the laser intensity can be lower (I=5×1012 W cm−2) and the pulse duration longer (τp=10 ns). Finally, we discuss the different approaches which may lead to the appropriate laser design.


The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 legally enshrines the "right to work" and ensures livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. An important effective implementation of MGNREGA is the creation of awareness among rural people and other stake holders, particularly MGNREGA workers in respect of the scheme provisions as well as their rights and entitlements. IEC (Information Education and Communication) activities should aim at facilitating dissemination of right based provisions of the act to ensure that the workers know their right to demand wage employment and exercise their right by applying for jobs as per their need. The strategy also aims to create awareness among rural people and other stake holders with special focus on MGNREGA workers about various aspects of MGNREGA. The Jharkhand state MANREGA council has decided to increase honorarium paid to contract employees working for effective implementation of the central scheme. As per the on line reports received from State Government, 1.04 lakh schemes sanctioned for Rural Drinking Water Supply in the State, out of these 486 schemes are for piped water supply. As per on-line monitoring reports, the Government of Jharkhand has achieved 35.76% sanitation coverage and 60% of rural habitations have rural connectivity out of total number of habitations under rural road development plan respectively. Currently 24 District of Jharkhand are listed under MGNREGA, and Dhanbad is one of them. Dhanbad district is situated in the state of Jharkhand. As Dhanbad comes under coal bearing area the MGNREGA programme is less effective in these reasons but Inspite of that the interior rural areas like Tundi etc are benefited through MGNREGA. Presently 0.6 lakhs active workers are there in Dhanbad district and 20.05 lakhs of active workers are there in Jharkhand State. Total No of HHs completed 100 Days of Wage Employment have increased from 2257 to 4663. Apart from rural employment it also results in assets creation through rural connectivity, wells and ponds.


To inspire upper-division undergraduate students to gain a deeper understanding of biorefinery, an experiment related to biofuels and lignin-based sunscreen products from corncob was performed in multiple offerings of a summer-semester class. Specifically, corncobs were pretreated with 1% H2SO4 to obtain hemicellulose hydrolysates, which were detoxified, and followed with oleaginous yeast fermentation to yield microbial lipids. The microbial lipids were chemically transesterified into biodiesel in situ by an alkali catalyst. Subsequently, dilute acid-pretreated corncob residue was enzymatically saccharified to release glucose for ethanol production by separation hydrolysis and fermentation. Finally, the resultant lignin from the cellulosic ethanol production was valorized to make sunscreen. The main objectives of this work are to introduce students to integrated biorefinery concepts and techniques so that they can learn how to obtain added-value products from waste materials and to evoke students' awarene...


An articulated arm containing hollow-alumina waveguides has been developed for use with surgical, carbon-dioxide lasers. It has been demonstrated that this arm has excellent pointing ability and it can be used with micromanipulators, handpieces, and endoscopic-waveguides. This arm incorporates lower cost materials and much shorter assembly and alignment times than conventional articulated arms. A separate system has been developed for the combining of a carbon-dioxide laser beam delivered by an articulated arm with a Nd:YAG laser beam delivered by a fiber and the launching of the combined beams into an endoscopic alumina waveguide. This system can deliver more then 85% of the CO2 and over 40% of the Nd:YAG radiation to tissue.


Background: Long-term marital satisfaction depends on various factors in couples' lives. Shared interests, beliefs, and goals can guarantee couples' long and satisfying relationships. However, mate selection is one of the primary requirements for establishing a marital relationship in both modern and traditional societies. Based on the narratives of couples, the present study aimed to explore the role of mate selection in marital satisfaction.


The problem of transient EM radiation by a linear current source placed on the ground-air interface is analytically studied. We derive a self-modeling exact solution for the interfacial Green function. The spatio-temporal radiation pattern is constructed by means of the Duhamel integral. An inverse problem of antenna current reconstruction from the measured waveform of direct surface wave is solved analytically. An example of real GPR data deconvolution is given. Keywords—Subsurface sensing, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), electromagnetic pulse radiation, ground-air interface, time-domain Green function, spatio-temporal radiation pattern, inverse problem, deconvolution.


For motion forecasting task, methods using vectorized input have been shown to be more efficient than methods using rasterized input, and can get a better performance. Our motion forecasting model also uses vectorized data as input. We call our motion forecasting model BANet, which means boundary-aware network, and it is a variant of LaneGCN[3]. We believe that only using lane centerline as input to get the embedding feature of vector map nodes is not enough. The lane centerline can only provide the topology of the lanes, and other elements of the vector map also contain rich information. For example, the lane boundary can provide traffic rule constraint information such as whether it is possible to change lanes which is very important. Therefore, we believe a motion forecasting model can get a better performance by encoding more vector map elements and do feature fusion on them. We report our results on the 2022 Argoverse2 Motion Forecasting challenge and rank 1st on the test leaderboard.


Nigeria higher education institutions (NHEIs) are facing a number of challenges that border on corporate governance (CG) practices. CG includes the issues of autonomy and accountability. In developed and developing countries, autonomy is being extended to HEIs for flexibility in fulfilling the mandate of teaching, research and community service. This paper explores CG culture and its challenges in NHEIs. A qualitative survey research method was employed through structured interviews of selected NHEIs key stakeholders and extensive desk-based research. The results of the interviews and content analysis of operational documents of selected high ranking NHEIs revealed the adoption of corporate governance structures and processes. The study also recognised the non-existence of disclosure of CG practice. Challenges such as inadequate funding, excessive interference by government, domineering influence of unions, faulty composition of CG constituents and poor leadership are some factors affecting effective governance in these institutions. Consequently, proper funding, leadership training, empowerment of these institutions and complete and periodic disclosure of application of CG practices are recommended . Key words: Corporate governance; Nigeria higher education institutions; Stakeholders.


Correction for 'Electrochemical behaviour and analysis of Zn and Zn–Ni alloy anti-corrosive coatings deposited from citrate baths' by Shams Anwar et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 28861–28873, DOI: 10.1039/C8RA04650F.


Despite criticism from candidates and others polls during the 1992 presidential campaign were remarkably stable. Differences among polls by different organizations were slight.


The aim of this paper is to check whether the economic and monetary policies developed under the CFA area create co-movements of business cycles of member countries. Indeed, the synchronization of business cycles is a result which can help to appreciate the degree of regional integration. Using the generalized dynamic factor model by Forni et al. (2004), we analyzed the one hand the co-movements between countries of CFA area over the period 1980-2004 and on the other hand we also conducted an analysis for UEMOA and CEMAC areas over the same period. This enabled us also to examine the effectiveness of the economic and monetary integration policies which are specific to these two sub-regional entities and also to check determinants of co-movements in their business cycles.


More and more medicine is seen under economic aspects; this is even hailed as advanced thinking and garnished with promises of great new therapies. The orientation on achievement in all central areas of human life can be traced back to the rise of modern thinking – "the birth of the superlative from the spirit of modernity". However, medicine can resist having its core concepts realigned to an economic perspective and keep its high standards if it rediscovers and expands its humanitarian potential. A new focus on the patient and a strengthening of patient autonomy can help to stop the medical system from becoming more and more mechanised and anonymous.


We compute the fat-shattering function and the level fat-shattering function for important classes of affine functions. We observe that the level fat-shattering function and the fat-shattering function are identical for these classes. In addition we observe that the notion that adding the constant term to linear functions increases the dimension by at most 1 is incorrect for fat-shattering and level fat-shattering.


In this article, we have developed a one-step microwave -assisted filling technology, combining the simultaneous opening CNT endcap and silver nanowire formation. The filling reaction is operated on a closed vessel with in-line temperature and pressure control, and the filling time is significant decreasing to 2 hours.


The paper is intended to study how to apply the grey relation analysis method to the quantitative assessment of the intensity of the polluted groundwater resource on the basis of the data collected from the ten sites of the seven industries,whose concentration of ammonia nitrogen can be simulated by HYDRUS-1D model in the polluted groundwater resources. For the research purpose,we have worked out the reduction factors based on the combination of the simulation values and the initial concentration of the ammonia nitrogen,while taking into account the seven characteristic indexes,such as the initial concentration( X1),the unsaturated zone thickness( X2),the topographic slope( X3),the hydraulic conductivity( X4),the soil bulk density( X5),the longitudinal dispersion coefficient( X6),and the adsorption coefficient( X7) as the factors of the grey relation analysis. According to the result of the grey relation analysis,we have established a multiple linear regression equation in the descending order of r4 r1 r2 r6 r5 r3 r7. In spite of the data acquisition difficulty,we have established such a multiple linear regression equation in which the hydraulic conductivity( X4),the unsaturated zone thickness( X2),the initial ammonia concentration( X1) and the soil's bulk density( X5) are used to serve as the independent variables while the reduction factor used to serve as the dependent variable. And,then,we have worked out the final equation of Y = 0. 03- 7. 111 × 10- 7X1- 4. 99 × 10- 6X2+ 1. 896× 10- 5X4- 0. 019X5,with the perfect results of the significance test and error test. Everything done,we have chosen a pig farm in the north China and a landfill spot in the said farm as the sites to investigate the farm's ammonia nitrogen concentration values and monitor the values of 0 and 0. 001 8 mg / L,both of which belong to class I of the groundwater quality standard. The landfill's values are 0. 12 mg / L and 0. 15 mg / L,which belong to class III of the groundwater quality standard. It has thus been found that the multiple linear regression equation of the reduction factor can be used to predict the ammonia concentration in the groundwater of the site without sufficient data information. The results of the errors have thus been confirmed within the standard range of the statistics. And,therefore,it can be concluded that the equation is truthful and applicable for the sensible groundwater source management.


A review is given on existing work and result of the performance of some discriminant analysis procedures under varying conditions. Few of the developed methods (Fisher's Linear Discriminant Function, Logistic Regression and Quadratic discriminant function) were reviewed. Some new results are presented for the case involving allocation with more than two groups. Shortfalls in the reviewed procedures necessitated the need for an improved procedure that can classify observations into multiple groups with high efficiency (minimal error rate). Keywords : Multivariate, Discrimnant function, Classification, Multi-groups, Optimal


Connectivity has an important role in different discipline s of computer science including computer network. In the design of a network, it is important to analyze connections by the levels. The structural properties of bipolar fuzzy graphs provide a tool that allows for the solution of operations research problems. In this paper, we introduce various types of bipolar fuzzy bridges, bipolar fuzzy cut-vertices, bipolar fuzzy cycles and bipolar fuzzy trees in bipolar fuzzy graphs, and investigate some of their properties. Most of these various types are defined in terms of levels. We also describe comparison of these types.


A single-voltage CMOS linear OTA and its application to the VCO was designed. The OTA consists of pMOS cascsde differential amplifier and three current mirrors for single current output. The VCO insists of a two the resistor, the OTA, a capacitor, two comparators, RS F/F, and two switches. The simulation results that the OTA has linear range of 0V to 3V and unit gain frequency of 8.797 MHz. The VCO has oscillation frequency range of 292.6kHz to 745.1kHz when control voltage range from 0.5V to 3.0V. The supply voltage is 5V and the power consumption of the VCO is 1.5mW.


This is known as the Welland inequality for classical Riesz potentials and was proved by G. Welland (see inequality (2.3) in [24]). In [17] and [8], the same results have been obtained for Riesz potentials on homogeneous and nonhomogeneous spaces, correspondingly. For multilinear fractional integrals on R this inequality was proved by G. Pradolini (see Theorem 2.26 in [20]). The Welland inequalities for potentials on hypergroups associated with the Laplace-Bessel differential operator and for potentials on Dunkl hypergroups were introduced in [9] and [22] respectively. In this paper we prove the Welland inequality for fractional integrals on more general hypergroups.


The application of surface acoustic wave (SAW) signal processing devices in the space shuttle was explored. In order to demonstrate the functions which a SAW device might perform, a breadboard pulse compression filter (PCF) module was assembled. The PCF permits a pulse radar to operate with a large duty cycle and low peak power, a regime favorable to the use of solid state RF sources. The transducer design, strong coupling compensation, circuit model analysis, fabrication limitations, and performance evaluation of a PCF are described. The nominal value of the compression ratio is 100:1 with 10-MHz bandwidth centered at 60 MHz and 10-microsecond dispersive delay. The PCF incorporates dispersive interdigital transducers and a piezoelectric lithium niobate substrate.


Adult intussusception occurs infrequently and differs from childhood intussusception in its presentation, etiology, and treatment. Diagnosis can be delayed because of its longstanding, intermittent, and non-specific symptoms and most cases are diagnosed at emergency laparotomy. Treatment entails simple bowel resection in most cases. Reduction of the intussusception before resection is controversial, but there is a shift against this, especially in colonic cases. This paper presents the diagnosis and management of three cases of adult intussusception, in our hospital.


This paper discusses the enumeration for the total number of all rooted spanning forests of the labeled complete tripartite graph. We enumerate the total number by a combinatorial decomposition.


BACKGROUND
Contralateral second primary breast cancers occur in 4% of female breast cancer survivors. Little is known about differences in risk for second primary breast cancers related to the estrogen and progesterone receptor (hormone receptor [HR]) status of the first tumor.

METHODS
We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for contralateral primary breast cancers among 4927 women diagnosed with a first breast cancer between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2004, using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

RESULTS
For women whose first breast tumors were HR positive, risk of contralateral primary breast cancer was elevated, compared with the general population, adjusted for age, race, and calendar year (SIR = 2.22, 95% CI = 2.15 to 2.29, absolute risk [AR] = 13 cases per 10 000 person-years [PY]), and was not related to the HR status of the second tumor. For women whose first breast tumors were HR negative, the risk of a contralateral primary tumor was statistically significantly higher than that for women whose first tumors were HR positive (SIR = 3.57, 95% CI = 3.38 to 3.78, AR = 18 per 10 000 PY), and it was associated with a much greater likelihood of an HR-negative second tumor (SIR for HR-positive second tumors = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.77 to 2.13, AR = 20 per 10 000 PY; SIR for HR-negative second tumors = 9.81, 95% CI = 9.00 to 10.7, AR = 24 per 10 000 PY). Women who were initially diagnosed with HR-negative tumors when younger than 30 years had greatly elevated risk of HR-negative contralateral tumors, compared with the general population (SIR = 169, 95% CI = 106 to 256, AR = 77 per 10 000 PY). Incidence rates for any contralateral primary cancer following an HR-negative or HR-positive tumor were higher in non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Asians or Pacific Islanders than in non-Hispanic whites.

CONCLUSIONS
Risk for contralateral second primary breast cancers varies substantially by HR status of the first tumor, age, and race and/or ethnicity. Women with HR-negative first tumors have nearly a 10-fold elevated risk of developing HR-negative second tumors, compared with the general population. These findings warrant intensive surveillance for second breast cancers in women with HR-negative tumors.


PURPOSE: To safely and surely staple documents by putting the apexes of staples into the bottom face of the documents and processing it. CONSTITUTION: A power stapler is provided with a stitcher head for driving a staples into a stack of papers and a clincher head 70 provided against the sticher head and clinching the apexes of the staples. The clincher head has a pair of clinching parts 46 pivoted on the mutual outsides and rotated toward the inside upward for stapling mutually inward two staple apex parts projected from the bottom face of a stack of papers. Between an opposite face of the bottom face of the stack of papers of the clincher head and the top face of the clinching parts, a specified angle A1 being more gentle than the conventional angle is set. Guide channels for staple end parts inclining by a specified angle from the direction intersecting at right angles to the shaft are formed on the top face of the clinching parts. The clinching parts clinch the staples at a position being close to the bottom face of the stack of papers and without rotating much excessively. Stapling is performed thereby in such a way that the apexes of the staples is put into the bottom face of the stack of papers. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


In 1976, the S2ESC was chartered to develop the first IEEE software engineering standards for practitioners, organizations, and educators with the vision of improving: the effectiveness and efficiency of software engineering processes; communications between acquirers and suppliers; and the quality of delivered software and systems containing software. The S2ESC has made numerous contributions to the software engineering community over the past three decades, and it continues to ensure that the community's products and services reflect current best practice and remain relevant and valued.


A theoretical approach to the investigation of spin-dependent structure functions in deep inelastic scattering of polarized leptons off polarized nuclei, based on the effective meson-nucleon theory and operator product expansion method, is proposed and applied to deuteron and 3 He. The explicit forms of the moments of the deuteron and 3 He spin-dependent structure functions are * On leave from Bogoliubov' 1 found and numerical estimates of the influence of nuclear structure effects are presented.


Approaching African History. By Michael Brett. Rochester, NY: James Curry, 2013. Pp. xi, 356; bibliography, index. $90.00.African history has come a long way in a short time. At the beginning of the twentieth century the very notion of African history was almost universally dismissed, and it wasn't until the latter half of the century that mainstream historians even began to entertain the idea that African history either could or should be studied. Yet by the beginning of the twenty-first century African history had become an established part of the area studies pantheon, with a host of books and articles being produced every year examining diverse aspects of the history of the continent and its peoples.Until the publication of this intriguing volume by Michael Brett, however, no scholar has taken the time to look back and examine exactly how this transformation in the study and meaning of African history took place. Certainly such an undertaking is overdue. But Brett does not simply provide a historiography of African history. Such would be a useful undertaking, but it would also likely be rather cumbersome and of interest only to those with an already established grounding in the continent's history. Rather, Brett weaves together three distinct yet mutually supporting strands. First is a summary narrative of African history from roughly 10,000 years ago to the present-based largely upon the work of African historians over the past six decades. In the process, he examines both the growth of the concept of Africa as a unit of study and the manner in which scholars have argued for the understanding and significance of African history itself.The balancing act of presenting both a narrative of African history and of the construction of that narrative is a daunting one, and Brett is to be congratulated for the poise and style with which he achieves his goals. His periodization of the narrative into overlapping methodological and chronological units, focusing on the role played by archaeology, ethnography (including oral sources), and written documents is deftly presented. Also crucial to the attainment of his many goals is his choice to eschew footnotes and build the contributions of individual scholars and the dynamic tensions of their debates into the narrative itself. It is in so doing that Brett so successfully weaves together the longue duree of the African historical narrative with the very recent history of the birth of the field itself. …


EU's competence has changed during the past two decades which has affected the judicial cooperation in preventing and combating crime between the Member States. Both the Council and the Member States has stressed that crime has increased and become more international. They have emphasized that terrorism, smuggling and drug trafficking easily can cross the States borders and therefore threatens the citizens' freedom to live safe and secure in the EU. Some has expressed the need for effective law enforcement, effective crime prevention and requirements of legal instruments to ensure that the Member States can collaborate with each other to combat crime. EU has responded to these requirements and developed ways for the Member States to cooperate on. Part of the cooperation between the Member States is to set up joint investigation teams, so that the law enforcement authorities can collaborate across state borders. When states uses joint investigation teams they may operate on each other's territory in order to combat and prevent crime. The requirement of efficiency and stronger cooperation therefore affect the states sovereignity and the rule of law. The purpose if this paper is to investigate the legal framework for joint investigation teams on the basis of the relevant instruments between the Member States to which Sweden is bound. The paper will also examine the underlying motives of the enhanced cooperation and how it responds to the rule of law and the protection of human rights and freedoms.

The legal framework of the cooperation with joint investigation teams is constituted by the framework decision 2002/465/JHA on joint investigation teams, the European Convention of 2000 and national law. In the cooperation, the interest of preventing and combating crime collides with the rule of law as a protection for the citizens right to private and family life. The analysis concludes that EU could use its capacity to harmonize the criminal law between the Member States and thus improve the rule of law as a protection of the citizens right to private and family life. When EU uses its capacity, the Union must respect the Member States' legal traditions. Therefore, there must be space for the Member States to weigh these interests against each other in relation to their respective legal traditions in their national legal systems.


In this paper, we consider the problem of boundary control of a class of linear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws based on the singular perturbation method. The full hyperbolic system is written as two subsystems, namely the reduced system representing the slow dynamics and the boundary-layer system standing for the fast dynamics. By choosing the boundary conditions for the reduced system as zero, the slow dynamics is stabilized in finite time. The main result is illustrated with a design of boundary control for a linearized Saint-Venant-Exner system. The stabilization of the full system is achieved with different boundary conditions for the fast dynamics.


Researchers at Los Alamos have been developing transmutation concepts involving accelerator-driven nuclear systems. A medium energy, high current proton beam strikes a heavy metal target, producing a high flux of spallation neutrons. These neutrons are moderated to near-thermal energies in a blanket surrounding the target. Materials to be transmuted flow through the blanket region where they are fissioned or transmuted to stable nuclides. Stable or short-lived nuclides are separated while the long-lived radioactive species are returned to the blanket. For most applications the fission energy produced is much greater than that required to power the accelerator and can be directed to the commercial power grid. A number of possible applications are envisioned for accelerator-driven nuclear systems. These include destruction of surplus weapons-grade plutonium, production of tritium, transmutation of commercial spent fuel, and even commercial power generation in next-generation nuclear power plants. Some of these applications will be discussed with particular emphasis on the required chemical separations for such systems.


Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of neurodegenerative diseases, is characterized by accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by memory deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Recent studies of stem cell show its therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders by differentiating into other cell lineages and replacing damaged cells. Among stem cells, peripheral stem cells are readily accessible and autologous stem cell transplantation would have no immune rejection responses.


Due to the rapid development of shale gas, a system has been established that can utilize a considerable amount of data using the database system. As a result, many studies using various machine learning techniques were carried out to predict the productivity of shale gas reservoirs. In this study, a comprehensive analysis is performed for a machine learning method based on data-driven approaches that evaluates productivity for shale gas wells by using various parameters such as hydraulic fracturing and well completion in Eagle Ford shale gas field. Two techniques are used to improve the performance of the productivity prediction machine learning model developed in this study. First, the optimal input variables were selected by using the variables importance method (VIM). Second, cluster analysis was used to analyze the similarities in the datasets and recreate the machine learning models for each cluster to compare the training and test results. To predict productivity, we used random forest (RF), gradient boosting tree (GBM), and support vector machine (SVM) supervised learning models. Compared to other supervised learning models, RF, which is applied with the VIM, has the best prediction performance. The retraining model through cluster analysis has excellent predictive performance. The developed model and prediction workflow are considered useful for reservoir engineers planning of field development plan.


In January 1988, representatives of nine very diverse public jurisdictions met to sign an agreement to preserve rights-of-way for a high-capacity transit system that was, at best, a distant dream. One year later, that agreement has produced a series of accomplishments that have moved creation of high-capacity transit closer to the realm of reality. The agreement has produced tangible products for Snohomish County, cities, the public utility district, transit agencies, the Washington State Department of Transportation, and the Puget Sound Council of Governments, which were the agreement's creators and signators. These products include a series of preplanning studies, a process for integrating work programs of related projects, and a review mechanism for projects with potential impacts on the right-of-way. There are also less tangible products. First, the elected officials and staff people who were involved have a strong sense of accomplishment. Second, the agreement may serve as a model for neighboring jurisdictions. Third, the collaborative process that emerged during the design of the agreement has been used since then for other difficult issues. The steps that led to the signing of the agreement and the first year's experience in using the agreement may be instructive to other jurisdictions considering visionary projects.


It is believed that changes in the varieties of an imported product might have effects on the import price index for the product that are similar to the effects of new goods on the cost of living. Recently, a new index number formula that incorporates the effects of new goods has been suggested by Nahm (1998a). The index number formula is a known function of available values, and it is exact for the constant-elasticity-of-substitution (CES) preference ordering even when there exist new and disappeared goods. The formula has been applied to each of eight selected U.S. import products to compute each product's import price index. As each product has several varieties and the set of varieties changes over time, a price index for the product should reflect changes in the choice set. The new index formula is designed to capture such effects. The results show that the indices based on the new index formula closely trace those based on a sophisticated econometric model.


Tryout exam is working practice exam questions to face the real national
exam. By holding a tryout exam students will be trained to work on the problems
that will be tested. More and more schools hold tryout test the students will be
more confident to face the actual national exams. At this time the test was limited
using paper media so it will require a lot of cost to duplicate paper for the student
participants, and also the teacher must check one by one the result of the test
tryout. Therefore we need a system that can accommodate question bank for
tryout exam . Then the system can be used by students to carry tryout and can help
load the teacher to not check the result of the work about the students one by one.
This research method use System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models
waterfall. This method has several phases that include analysis, design,
programming and testing. In the analysis phase takes some data include student
data, teacher data, the data subjects tested competency of data and so forth. In the
design phase is the design view sistes tryout application of these exams. In the
programming phase is the process of translating the code into the system
programming language. Final system testing process carried out by several people
with different professions, namely teachers, pupils, students and programmers.
This research has made a national examination system tryout application
for web-based junior high school using PHP and MySQL. The functionality of the
system is divided into three entities, namely admin, teachers, and students with
their own processes. The advantages of this system is the randomization process
by competencies each subject matter sorted from the easiest to the most difficult
problems in accordance with the basic competencies that have been determined.
Based on the results of system testing performed by some of the respondents
indicated that this tryout system is feasible for use by secondary school. It is based
on the results of testing the system as much as 96% of respondents agreed with
the system are made.


The detailed technology of coagulant production using industrial waste as raw material was presented in this work. As raw materials, red mud (RM) and waste (WB) by products of alumina production in abandoned alumina factory Obrovac were considered. Chemical and mineraalogical properties of raw materials, coagulant and waste mud remained after waste water purification with this new coagulant were investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. For the toxicity study of coagulant and waste mud, the determination of frequency of the coll survival, Ames assay, micronucleus assay and cell proliferation (expressed s mitotic index) were used. It was found that the process of coagulant production was in the same time the process of waste base neutralisation and purification with any additional costs and waste from one industry could be successfully used for the treatment of the waste from other industries. Different laboratory and field-tests showed high sorption capacity and structural stability of this new product. It was found that one dose of coagulant is sufficient for five consecutive cycles of waste water treatment to the concentrations suitable for the discharge directly into the environment. The main mechanism of heavy metals removal from the waste waters was chemisorption. Coagulant prepared from RM and WB according to its water extract composition and toxicity is safe for handling and usage. On the base of the same parameters it was found that waste mud, remained after water treatment with this coagulant, represent no treat to the environment. According to its leachate composition and toxicity, this waste material could be deposited at the domestic waste dumping site or regenerated and re-used for the waste waters treatment. Before the permanent deposition, some volume reduction technique was necessary.


This paper presents simulation implementation of in cremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power system. The comparative study between t wo most popular algorithms techniques Which is incr emental conductance Algorithm and perturbs and observe algorithm two di fferent converter cuk and buck converter used for cin this study few comparison such as voltage, current and power out f or each different combination has been recorded? Th e resultant system is capable of tracking MPPS accurately and rapidly without ste ady state oscillation and also its dynamic performa nce is satisfactory. The main different of the proposed system to existing MPPT sis eliminating the PI (proportional integral) control loop and investigating the effect simplifying the control circuit.MAT LAB/ Simulink were employed for simulation studies and C CStudiov3.1 was used to program a TMS320F2812DSP.The propose system was de veloped and tested successfully in laboratory on th e PV solar panel. Experimental result indicates the feasibility and i mproved functionality of the system.