Provide full support for all bus exception conditions defined for the M68000 family; are also compatible with the VME bus and Versabus asynchronous bus standards. Allow four modes of DMA request generation, including externally generated cycle steal and burst modes as well as internally generated maximum rate and limited rate autorequest modes. Available in 68-lead PGAs; 68440 and 50 also available in 64-pin DIPs. $39.69-$78.43 (100s).


Gas-phase fractionation enables better quantitative accuracy, improves signal-to-noise, and increases sensitivity in proteomic analyses. However, traditional gas-phase enrichment, which relies upon a large continuous bin, results in sub-optimal enrichment as most chromatographic separations are not 100% orthogonal relative to the first MS dimension (MS1 m/z). As such, ions with similar m/z values tend to elute at the same retention time, which prevents the partitioning of narrow precursor m/z distributions into a few large continuous gas-phase enrichment bins. To overcome this issue, we developed and tested the use of notched isolation waveforms, which simultaneously isolate multiple discreet m/z windows in parallel (e.g. 650-700 m/z and 800-850 m/z). By comparison to a canonical gas-phase fractionation method, notched waveforms do not require bin optimization via in silico digestion or wasteful sample injections to isolate multiple precursor windows. Importantly, collecting all m/z bins simultaneously using the isolation waveform does not suffer from the sensitivity and duty cycle pitfalls inherent to sequential collection of multiple m/z bins. Applying a notched injection waveform provided consistent enrichment of precursor ions, which resulted in improved proteome depth with greater coverage of low abundance proteins. Finally, using a reductive dimethyl labeling approach, we show that notched isolation waveforms increases the number of quantified peptides with improved accuracy and precision across a wider dynamic range.


Weaning frommechanical ventilation or, more correctly, the process of liberating patients from the ventilator is estimated to account for up to 40% of the total duration of ventilation and is one of the beststudied aspects of ventilatory practice (1). Most patients fall into the category of simple weaning (i.e., liberation following a first attempt), whereas a variable number (10–35%) take several days to be separated (difficult weaning), and finally approximately 10% of patients require more than 1 week to separate from the ventilator, so-called prolonged weaning, a state that is associated with increased mortality (2, 3). Critical illness–associated diaphragm weakness is a common problem in the ICU, occurring in 63–80% of patients at the time of weaning frommechanical ventilation, and is a significant contributor to difficult and prolonged weaning (4). The cause of this weakness is often multifactorial (5), but one important driver is the degree of spontaneous respiratory effort made by the patient, which is in turn influenced by the degree of mechanical ventilatory support; both too much effort (undersupport) and too little effort (oversupport) can be harmful. Diaphragm dysfunction is independently associated with worse clinical outcomes (2, 3, 6), and methods to mitigate or reverse this are the subject of important ongoing research. To this end, in this issue of the Journal, Dres and colleagues (pp. 1169–1178) present the results of a multicenter open-label randomized clinical trial of temporary transvenous diaphragm neurostimulation (TTDN) (7). They randomized 112 patients for whom two spontaneous breathing trials had failed after at least 4 days of invasive mechanical ventilation to standard care (n=55) or TTDN (n=57), 43 of whom actually were able to receive the intervention: the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. The primary outcome of successful weaning by Day 30 was achieved by 82% in the mITT treatment group versus 74% in the control group (absolute difference, 7%; 95% confidence interval,210% to 25%; P=0.59). However, there was some physiological promise, with change in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) being significantly greater in the TTDN group with an improvement of 16.6 cmH2O versus 4.8 cmH2O in the usual care arm. The authors should be congratulated on the use of novel technology to tackle an important and common clinical problem. "Inspiratory muscle training" (IMT) is a general term to describe rehabilitation that aims to increase strength and fatigue resistance of the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles. This is typically achieved by targeting either resistive loading (proportionally increasing the pressure required to generate a given flow) or threshold loading (increasing minimum inspiratory pressure required for flow to be initiated). Pooled effects of these strategies have shown improvements in MIP by approximately 6 cmH2O when compared with control subjects (8), roughly half the improvement seen with phrenic nerve stimulation in the present trial (12 cmH2O). Wemust not forget, however, that the most common and simplest form of IMT occurs in the form of titration of ventilator settings, including reducing ventilatory support, or in performing spontaneous breathing trials. Thus, the approach to titration of ventilatory support may be particularly important in the control arm (the only potential form of muscle load training these patients receive); unfortunately, in this trial, the interpretation of the results is obfuscated by the lack of information available about the ventilatory support provided in both groups during weaning once enrolled. Respiratory drive is often increased in critical illness but may be suppressed by factors such as sedative and opioid administration as well as alkalemia (including overventilation), hyperoxemia, and brainstem pathologies (9). Neuromechanical uncoupling, in which an increase in respiratory drive does not translate to an increase in contractile force, can be seen with diaphragm weakness and would not be expected to be overcome by nerve electrostimulation techniques in patients whose respiratory drive is already elevated. The population selected for this trial was mostly alert and calm (Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale score, 0) and under minimal sedation, which may have contributed to a slower than anticipated recruitment rate. It is important to note that only 112 patients were randomized from 20 centers over 28 months of enrollment—clearly a very select population. Alert and cooperative patients may allowmore reliable assessment of MIP, but excluding patients with lower drive may have reduced the magnitude of the observed effect. Wemight hypothesize that patients with low respiratory drive benefit more from TTDN, but this trial does not address this question. With any treatment, dosing is important. Here, both the size and the number of stimulations should be considered. The chosen regimen of 120 stimulations per day divided over two or three sessions is similar to other IMT regimens. One may question exactly how feasible this technique was, because almost one-fourth of patients (14 of 57) randomized to the TTDNwere unable to undergo the treatment (7 because of failure to place the catheter and 7 because of inability to achieve capture). Some of these treatment delivery issues might be addressed by subsequent device advancements, such as enabling positioning via the left internal jugular (in addition to the left subclavian vein) and augmented electrode coverage to improve chances of phrenic nerve capture (10). Once set up and functional, stimulations may be straightforward to deliver; however, training is required, and only 79% of the mITT population received.50% of the scheduled number of stimulations. Those who received a higher number of stimulations (.62.5% of target) had greater increases in MIP, which may suggest that the treatment effect could have been increased with greater protocol compliance or number of stimulations. A recent porcine model study showed that prolonged and continuous TTDN (alternate breaths over 2.5 d) prevented diaphragm atrophy (11). The ideal time to start, the best form in which to deliver, and the optimal duration to continue this therapy are still unknown. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0. For commercial usage and reprints, please e-mail Diane Gern (firstname.lastname@example.com).


This article uses "The Ballad of the Tyrannical Husband," a late fifteenth-century text that associates men with the outdoors and women with the home and the domestic, as a springboard for a compar...


The atomic structure and the magnetic properties of 5 and 10 at. % Co-doped ZnO samples prepared by a high-pressure and high-temperature method have been investigated by various techniques, including x-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinements, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nanometer-sized element mapping, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure and magnetization measurements. It is found that Co ions with a valence of 2+ substitute Zn ions in the wurtzite ZnO structure. No metallic or oxidic Co-rich clusters were detected in the samples. If Co2+ ions substitute Zn2+ ions, no intrinsic ferromagnetism is observed in ZnO at doping levels up to 10 at. % Co even down to 5 K. A paramagnetic behavior with partially antiferromagnetic interactions is observed. Thus, in bulk Co-doped ZnO system any observation of ferromagnetism is probably due to small clusters of second phase materials. However, in thin films the situation might be more complex, since other extrinsic influences, such as strain or proximity effects, may modify the electronic and magnetic properties.


Cluster analysis can benefit from the use of class labels, if these are available, in a semi-supervised approach. In this study, we propose the integration of class information in the clustering of Magnetic Resonance Spectra (MRS) corresponding to human brain tumours using an extension of Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) that behaves robustly in the presence of outliers.


To reduce an amount of computation of full search (FS) algorithm for fast motion estimation, we propose a new and fast matching algorithm without any degradation of predicted images like the conventional FS. The computational reduction without any degradation in predicted image comes from fast kick-off of impossible motion vectors. The fast kick-off of improper motion vectors comes from sequential rejection with derived formula and subblock norms. The sequential rejection of impossible candidates is based on multiple decision boundaries. Our proposed algorithm reduces more the computations than the recent fast full search (FS) motion estimation algorithms.


The organizing meeting of the International Society for Technology Assessment in Health Care is scheduled to be held in Copenhagen on May 21, 1985 at the Regional Office of WHO. The objective of the new Society is: To encourage research, education, cooperation and the exchange of information about the clinical and social implications of health care technology. The meeting will begin at 9:00 A.M. with a session devoted to consensus development as conducted in various countries. This will be followed in the af-ternoon by sessions dealing with the assessment of preventive and treatment technologies. At approximately 4:00 P.M., the business meeting will begin. The full agenda is attached. information Co-Chairs:


The dynamics of a model describing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), antibodies and two saturated rates is investigated and studied in this paper. The model includes five nonlinear differential equations describing the evolution of uninfected cells, infected ones, free HIV viruses, CTL immune response and antibodies. This model includes also two treatments that represent the efficiency of drug treatment in inhibiting viral production and preventing new infections. Existence, positivity and boundedness of solutions are given. Existence of the optimal control pair is established and the Pontryagin's maximum principle is


The thesis is focusing on the factors which affects the supply and demand in road haulage. Thesis is engaged with transit and road vehicles loads in the Czech Republic. This work researches possible dependence transportation charges on general macro-economic indicators. There is used regression a correlation analysis for the researching dependence of above indicators.


Operating Company has deployed a number of offshore oil drilling platforms in China's Bohai Bay oil field, achieving consistent cumulative oil production equivalent to one-fourth of China's crude oil consumption in 2015 – making it one of China's most important sources of energy. However, until recently, these platforms were unable to share power resources or exchange data, which caused considerable challenges for centralized management. In Bohai Bay, where China's largest offshore oil and gas production field is located, an integrated broadband wireless solution from Siemens helped the operator Liaodong establish reliable data transmission between production platforms and overcome barriers in offshore network communication. Liaodong implemented a Distribution Management System (DMS) made up of multiple power sources. The DMS was put into trial operation in January 2013. However, bringing platform power plants established earlier, for example the Jin Zhou plants JZ 9-3, JZ 25-1, JZ 21-1, and JZ 20-2, into the monitoring range of the DMS without undersea optical cable communication posed a big challenge for the company – one that the extensive Siemens portfolio of wireless solutions helped to overcome. Overcoming barriers


Dedicated to Louis Nirenberg on his 80-th birthday Abstract. We consider positive solutions of the Dirichlet problem depending on a positive parameter . We use two formulas derived in (18) to compute all solutions u where a turn may occur and to compute the direction of the turn. As an application, we consider quintic a polynomial f(u) with positive and distinct roots. For such quintic polynomials we conjecture the exact mutiplicity structure of positive solutions and present computer assisted proofs of such exact bifurcation diagrams for various distributions of the real roots. The limiting behavior of the solutions on these bifurcation branches as ! 1 and their stabilities are also investigated.


Hospital liquid infectious waste is one of the most important aspects of water contamination. The present investigation was undertaken to evolve a cost effective alternate method of waste water treatment by using Oxidized Water as a disinfectant for hospital effluents. Liquid infectious waste coming from diagnostic laboratories of hospitals (Urine, Blood and Mix of both) was treated with electrolyzed Oxidized Water. Different v/v ratios (95:5, 85:15, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75) of Sample to Electrolyzed Oxidized Water (EOW) were cultured and incubated at 37 o C for 24 hours. EOW showed a direct relationship with the decontamination of inorganic urine but for blood, an unidentified pattern was observed that may be due to change in pH and/or Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) of EOW because of organic nature of blood. The most effective ratio of sample to EOW, at which decontamination was found to be maximum for urine, was 25:75 with treatment efficiency of 96.15 % and 85:15 with treatment efficiency of 84.8 % for blood. The study revealed that Electrolyzed Oxidized Water may be used as a better alternative for treatment of liquid infectious waste.


From June 1955 till November 1957, I was stationed at Embu, where I found Hinde's Babbler Turdoides Hindei (Sharpe), a common bird. Since little is recorded of this species the following notes may be of interest. Although both the Northern Pied Babbler Turdoides hypoleuca (Cabanis), and Hinde's were common in the district, their distribution seemed to differ, Hinde's having a more restricted range. On no occasion did I record seeing these birds over an altitude of about 5,000 ft. or under 4,000 ft. They particularly seemed to like the fringes of cultivation where there were scattered trees, plenty of cover, and yet fairly open. On the other hand the Northern could be found anywhere from the forest edge at 6,000 ft. down to the semi-arid country near the Tana River at 3,000 ft. On no occasion did I see mixed parties of Hinde's and Northern. Although the two birds are quite easy to distinguish from each other I found the bright red eye of Hinde's a very important field characteristic (a point not made in Praed and Grant's "African Handbook of Birds"), the Northern has a whitish eye. Although the calls of the two birds are very similar and the variety great, I found I was able to distinguish each by its calls, that of Hinde's being less strident. On September 7, 1957, I found a nest of Hinde's at Kiritiri. The choice of habitat and the formation of the nest was typical of the Northern. The nest was built near the top of a bush, 4i ft. from the ground. The bush was at the edge of a small clump of trees into which the birds hastily retreated when alarmed. The cup of the nest was made from coarse grass and lined with finer grass. Two eggs were laid. I did not collect the eggs so was unable to compare them side by side with the eggs of the Northern, but I thought they were very much the same shade of blue. 'Eventually two chicks hatched out. The half-grown nestlings were slate grey in colour and had bright yellow gapes. Although I did not find it possible to tell the male from the female in the field I thought by the difference in behaviour that there were two birds feeding the young. For the two hours I was watching, the parents were accompanied by two or three other birds. I could hear the party turning over leaves under the bushes, calling to each other softly as they hunted for food. While I was watching from the hide, nearly all the foraging for food was done on the ground under the bushes near the nesting site. The food brought to the young was a dark glutinous mass that might have been animal or vegetable matter and quite indescribable. Although I did take some photographs they were not very successful due to poor lighting conditions.


Late this past summer, Spike Lee's "When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts" was shown on HBO. The documentary was an attempt to uncover how the political structures of the nation failed to respond in a meaningful way to the disaster of Hurricane Katrina, even while it was being shown on the nightly news. But just as important, Lee's work points to the role that race played in this natural disaster and the government's failures. Included in the video is a clip wherein Kanye West declared, "The president doesn't care about Black people." Clearly, when it comes to taking care of this nation's increasingly diverse communities, race still does matter! In this issue's "Advancing the Conversation," the role of race in the educational experiences of adolescents is detailed. In "African American Adolescent Males: Giving Voice to Their Educational Experiences," West-Olatunji, Baker, and Brooks put these students' voices front and center as they discuss schooling, curriculum, and instruction. Their views point out that systematic institutional racism is firmly embedded in our nation's schools. This article is novel also in its use of a Readers Theatre format to bring these student voices to life. Gilpin's article on the role of race, culture, and identity is a narrative self-study on her experiences as an immigrant Black woman, not from the United States but positioned as such by the color of her skin. In "Postpositivist Realist Theory: Identity and Representation," Gilpin finds a theoretical framework that helps her to more fully explore the complexity of the multiple identities that we all carry with us. In doing so, Gilpin better understands the role that identity plays in pursuing an education that is multicultural. "Culturally Responsive Pedagogy for Citizenship Education: Using African Proverbs as Tools for Teaching in Urban Classrooms," authored by Grant and Asimeng-Boahene, is a practice-oriented article that describes the role African proverbs can play in providing a more culturally appropriate curriculum, most especially for African American students. The authors clearly believe also that the use of proverbs can serve as an incubator for many of the principles of a moral and democratic character that we hold here in the United States. The theme of making use of students' cultural heritage as a teaching tool, introduced in several articles in "Advancing the Conversation" is continued in this issue's section "Creating Multicultural Classrooms." In "Using Students' Cultural Heritage to Improve Academic Achievement in Writing," author Gilbert Mendez describes an innovative approach to making teaching and learning more relevant to Chicano and Mexican students' lives by integrating the curriculum with Chicano themes, history, and literature. Findings from an action research-type study of the implementation of the approach indicate that, not only did students' writing skills improve significantly, there was also a positive transfer of skills to other classes. In a study of factors that may impact the academic achievement of Hispanic, Latino, and Mexican American students, Joe Nichols, Janet White, and Margret Price summarize findings in "Beliefs of Intelligence, Knowledge Acquisition and Motivational Orientation: A Comparative Analysis of Hispanic/ Latino and Anglo Youth." Although previous research indicates that such factors as lack of value by certain cultural groups placed on formal learning, poverty, limited English language proficiency, and specific school practices (tracking teachers who simplify the curriculum) do influence academic achievement of Hispanic/Latino students, the authors assert that prior academic achievement and/or socioeconomic factors may by stronger predictors of academic success. In this issue's "Personal Perspectives " section, Katherine Bruna uses personal narrative to discuss important issues in addressing the schooling of language minority students. In "When Other People's Children Are Your Own: A Multicultural Teacher Educator Learns About Difference from the Inside Out," Bruna describes her own experiences as a mother whose son had experienced rich educational bilingual experiences in one state but who was perceived to be deficient when they moved to another state and entered a monolingual-normed school setting. Sadly, while her son completed his 1st school year in the new state "on an academic par with his state peers" in literacy, Bruna notes that his bilingual skills have been greatly diminished. As these articles illustrate, issues of language, race, and ethnicity continue to plague our efforts at educational improvement. Until we are able to demonstrate deeply a valuing of the rich diversity that students bring with them into the classroom, we will never be able to achieve the high levels of academic achievement for each and every child which we claim to envision. Join your colleagues in the National Association for Multicultural Education in working to achieve the goal of educational equity for all children in our nation's schools.


edly began to light his pipe, which had failed to go out, and then brightened up with, 'How 'bout yerself, stranger--married man?' For reply, he opened his watch, slipped it from the thong which served for a chain, and passed it over. Belden picked up the slush lamp, surveyed the inside of the case critically, and, swearing admiringly to himself, handed it over to Louis Savoy. With numerous 'By gars!' he finally surrendered it to Prince, and they noticed that his hands trembled and his eyes took on a peculiar softness. And so it passed from horny hand to horny hand--the pasted photograph of a woman, the clinging kind that such men fancy, with a babe at the breast. Those who had not yet seen the wonder were keen with curiosity; those who had became silent and retrospective. They could face the pinch of famine, the grip of scurvy, or the quick death by field or flood; but the pictured semblance of a stranger woman and child made women and children of them all. 'Never have seen the youngster yet--he's a boy, she says, and two years old,' said the stranger as he received the treasure back. A lingering moment


Before long, programming as we now know it will be a rare activity. Even for builders of complex software systems, manually constructing an algorithm-describing a sequence of steps for a computer to perform in achieving a single result-will be uncommon. Current methods of programming, in which programmers spend their time writing algorithms and debugging flawed realizations of them, will give way to more powerful tools that foster system design and perform most coding tasks automatically. Constraint languages and programming environments will help the designer produce a lucid description of a problem domain, and then of particular situations and problems in it. Early versions of these languages were given descriptions of "real world" domain constraints, like the operation of electrical and mechanical parts. More recently, I have automated a vocabulary for describing musical jazz phrases, using constraint language as a jazz improviser. General constraint languages will handle all of these domains. Once the model is in place, the system will connect built-in code fragments and algorithms to answer questions about situations; that is, to help solve problems. Bugs will surface not in "code," but in designs themselves. Debugging systems will explain why a situation is impossible or underconstrained; and, as always, designers will decide that their ideas were flawed and change them. Not every programmer shares this vision or sees it as a realistic goal. But since the early 1960s, computer scientists have demonstrated increasingly powerful and flexible versions: constraint languages for assistance in describing and solving problems, rather than programming. From Ivan Sutherland's original SketchPad system to Software Arts's recently introduced TK!Solver, constraint languages have presented a seductive alternative to the conventional, algorithmic style. This article describes the principles behind constraint languages; their applications, especially to musical problems; and research that will some day make constraint languages more general-purpose and efficient.


A survey is done over the outdoor activities by the college students.It is found that college students generally are inclined,but the frequence and duration are not satisfactory for their occupation with studies,limited sportgrounds,and lack of equipments.So,students are advocated to develop interest in sports so as to improve their physical qualities.


In this paper, the occurrence of secoiridoid aglycones via degradation of phenolic glucosides which have strong effects on commercial, nutritional, and sensory properties of olive oil is studied. The experiment consists in the sonication treatment of Chemlali and Memecik cvs. olive paste three times for 4, 8, and 10 min. This kind of approach has never been used in determining the partition and degradation of phenolics during extraction. Concerning phenolic content present in Chemlali olive oil extracted from whole olives, no significant differences are found after 10 min of treatment using ultrasound apparatus, whereas a rise of more than 60% is detected if olive paste without stones is used. On the other hand, the total phenolic content of Memecik cv. increases positively with the increasing time of treatment. Throughout this report, it is noted that enzymatic activities are affected by ultrasound treatment. Practical Applications: The results of this study will be useful in modification of present processes or development of new processes with the aim of protecting and improving the phenolic composition of olive oil. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this kind of systematic approach has never been used in determining the partition and degradation of phenolics during extraction. It is believed that describing the effects of high‐power ultrasound applications on olive paste before malaxation will exhibit possible benefits for the future of olive processing technology. The optimization of olive oil extraction parameters with proper adjustments in such a way that the quality of the product is highly increased is an important issue. The effect of ultrasound technology parameters is investigated from the point of phenolic compounds by searching their relation to enzymes in Chemlali and Memecik cvs. olive paste. In addition, the effects of stone removal during extraction are also studied in terms of enzymes in Chemlali and Memecik cvs. olive paste and phenols in olive oil.


A microbial transglutaminase-induced cross-linked sodium caseinate (MSC) was used to stabilize zein nanoparticles, and the study was to investigate whether zein-MSC nanoparticles (zein-MSC NPs) can be used as an encapsulation carrier for resveratrol. A group of resveratrol-loaded zein-MSC nanoparticles (Res-zein-MSC NPs) with varying zein to Res mass ratios was first prepared. The particle sizes and zeta-potentials were in the ranges from 215.00 to 225.00 nm and from −29.00 to −31.00 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of Res was also influenced by the zein to Res mass ratio, and the encapsulated Res existed in an amorphous form. The major interactions between Res and zein-MSC NPs were hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, compared with free Res, the photo-stability and bioaccessibility of Res-zein-MSC NPs were significantly improved. The cellular studies also showed that Res-zein-MSC NPs exhibited lower cytotoxicity and desirable anti-inflammatory activity.


In the 2.52 Terahertz off-axis digital holography system, obstruction model is established according to the parameters of the camera. And we use a 0.2 mm resolution chart as the target to simulate the reconstructed image.


'Fruits of oranges cultivar' free from any external and internal disorders harvested at physiological green mature stage were utilized for studying its ripening behavior. Initially, fruits were treated with Neem oil (1%). in order to break any pest attack and the treatments were given as foliar spray. Freshly harvested fruit were divided into different lots. The first lot of fruit was treated with ethylene gas as they were exposed to ethylene gas (150 ppm). for 24 h in ripening chamber. Similarly, another lot was treated with various concentrations of ethephon (250, 500, 750, 1000 ppm). primarily in aqueous solution each for 5 min. Immediately, after aforementioned referred treatments, the treated fruits were packed in sanitized plastic crates and stored in ripening chamber in which temperature and RH were maintained at 20 to 25°C and 85 to 95%, respectively. Treatment with ethylene gas (150 ppm). or ethephon (750 ppm). resulted in adequate ripening of fruits after 28 days with most acceptable quality attributes such as flavour, uniform colour, acceptable firmness and extended shelf-life. On the other hand, the untreated lots of fruits were poor in quality attributes. It was observed that timely adopting ripening techniques with ethylene gas or ethephon are better in reducing various postharvest decay and losses and strengthening the economy of farmers all over oranges producing states of the countries.


Passive cooling techniques such as evapotranspiration from plants and watering are effective for ameliorating outdoor microclimates in hot summer. Natural ventilation also helps to make an indoor thermal environment more comfortable. However, in Japan's humid and hot summer climate, there is a limited opportunity to gain a cooling effect by ventilation. Therefore, this study focuses on passive cooling techniques to improve the outdoor microclimate near the window of a residential building to achieve a cooling effect by ventilation despite the hot climate and to reduce the demand for cooling energy. Measurements were conducted two cases during one summer on a target building located in a residential area with a window which located at the floor level to help natural ventilation. The first case had no additional plants in front of the window, and the second case did. The results show that when the ground and in front of the window were kept wet by watering and shaded, the radiant temperature, measured by a thermal infrared camera, was about 1−7 °C lower than the outside air temperature at the 3p.m. Consequently, the air temperature near the window was 2−4 °C lower than the outside air temperature. However, due to watering and evapotranspirating of plants, absolute humidity increased 2


Introduction Studies have demonstrated that consultant delivered care can lead to; increases in productivity, reducing length of stay, and increasing patient satisfaction. 1 The Gastroenterology inpatient (IP) service at Kettering General Hospital was reconfigured to implement NHS improvement's SAFER patient flow bundle. 2 The incumbent arrangements on Deene C Ward (DCW); 29 patients under the care of three Consultants doing twice weekly ward rounds (WR) not prospectively covered, newly admitted and unwell patients reviewed by any WR as a safety net arrangement. This was transformed to a Digestive Diseases Unit (DDU), bed base reduced from 29 beds (3 side rooms, 3 x 6 bedded bays, a 5 bedded bay, & a 3 bedded bay), to 20 beds, by reducing 6 bedded bays to 4 beds, and converting the 3 bedded bay to a nurse-led Gastroenterology Treatment Area (GTA) for daycase ambulatory patients. This facilitated the introduction of a Consultant of the Week (CotW) model in November 2017. The CotW, for 2 weeks (prospectively covered), is responsible for daily DDU WRs of all 20 patients under their care, review of IP referrals, inreach into urgent care wards, and support of GTA. There is minimal outpatient (OP) commitment (no endoscopy lists or OP clinics). Outcomes were analysed at 12 months to assess the impact on patient care. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted to benchmark and evaluate changes in consultant led care. Patients were identified through electronic records. Data was collected from electronic discharge letters and paper notes. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. Results DCW DDU Delta P value Median Length of stay (hours) 141 104 "37, 26.2% < 0.01 Discharges per week 22.8 21.1 "1.7, 7.5% Discharges per week per bed 0.79 1.06 "0.27, 34.2% < 0.01 Consultant reviews per week 0.63 1.16 "0.53, 84.1% < 0.01 GTA treating >90 patients & generating > £35K each month. Gastroenterology IP services SAFER compliant. Conclusion The reconfiguration of Gastroenterology IP services has been a great success. A reduction in bed base (which many at management level were reticent about) has facilitated a CotW model of care to be implemented. The IP service is now SAFER compliant. Length of stay has significantly reduced by 26.2%. Weekly discharges per bed, and Consultant reviews, has significantly increased by 34.2% & 84.1% respectively. In addition, GTA treats >90 patients per month, generating income, preventing admissions, facilitating earlier discharges, and freeing capacity in the main hospital ambulatory unit. This reconfiguration shows that a CotW model of care is optimal, successful, and SAFER compliant, even if a bed base reduction is required to facilitate this. References Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (2012) The benefits of consultant delivered care, 1st edn: AOMRC SAFER patient flow bundle https://improvement.nhs.uk/resources/safer-patient-flow-bundle-implement/


Rotor speed and position estimations in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) suffer from accuracy due to variations of machine parameters such as torque constant, stator resistance and inductance, especially at low speeds. Also, conventional linear estimators are not adaptive. In this paper, two neural network-based model reference adaptive systems (MRAS) for position and speed estimation are presented for PMSM drives. The first network estimates the rotor speed and adapts online to any change in stator resistance. The second network estimates the rotor position and adapts online for any changes in the torque constant. A q-axis model for stator inductance based on current is used. In both cases, the MRAS adjusts the neural weights to give optimal performance over a wide speed range. Simulation results showed the estimation adjusts well to changes in the motor operating points.


This paper attempts to illustrate how appearance-noun moyang evolves from a full lexical noun into a defective noun nominalizer, and further into a modality-marking nominalizer from a grammaticalization perspective. The primary function of defective-noun-based nominalizer moyang is referential in nature. However, defective noun moyang also develops extended, non-referential functions that include diverse functional markers such as conjecture and prediction. Furthermore, such functions conveyed by moyang also carry various epistemic moods or stances in terms of their uses. These epistemic meanings embedded in its functions are mainfested as conviction, self-assurance, and mitigation. Focusing on the diversity of functional behaviors carried by the noun, this paper examines a nominalization phenomenon in appearance-noun moyang, in particular, the strategies deployed in the formation of niminalization processes formed by the defective noun nominalizer.


Experience on the job training will help students improve the competence of graduates to align with what is needed. In addition to developing competencies, learning through experience on the job training will stimulate the development of character and also a work ethic of discipline, responsibility, honesty, cooperation, leadership, and others according to what is needed by the industry. The creation of competence, character and work ethic is expected that graduates will be ready to welcome the competition of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). This research was conducted based on a literature study of various theoretical studies regarding experiences on the job training. Where these studies are an initial description in conducting research, especially those related to the influence of experiences on the job training. Based on the results of data analysis with several similar research literature, the effect of on the job training experience on graduate work readiness is very significant and it can be concluded that there is a significant effect on the job training experience on graduate work readiness.


We prove that Simulated Annealing with an appropriate cooling schedule computes arbitrarily tight constant-factor approximations to the minimum spanning tree problem in polynomial time. This result was conjectured by Wegener (2005). More precisely denoting by n, m, wmax, and wmin the number of vertices and edges as well as the maximum and minimum edge weight of the MST instance, we prove that simulated annealing with initial temperature T0 ≥ wmax and multiplicative cooling schedule with factor 1 - 1/ℓ, where ℓ = ω(mn ln(m)), with probability at least 1 - 1/m computes in time O(ℓ(ln ln(ℓ) + ln(T0/wmin))) a spanning tree with weight at most 1 + κ times the optimum weight, where [EQUATION]. Consequently, for any ε > 0, we can choose ℓ in such a way that a (1 + ε)-approximation is found in time O((mn ln(n))1+1/ε+o(1) (ln ln n + ln(T0/wmin))) with probability at least 1 - 1/m. In the special case of so-called (1 + ε)-separated weights, this algorithm computes an optimal solution (again in time O((mn ln(n))1+1/ε+o(1) (ln ln n + ln(T0/wmin)))), which is a significant speed-up over Wegener's runtime guarantee of O(m8+8/ε).


Influence of menstrual cycle on heart rate variability have been studied by several workers with inconsistent results .In most of the previously done studies heart rate variability was measured across the proliferative and secretory phase of menstrual cycle and the observed results were attributed to the changes in the hormonal levels .However , heart rate variability during menstrual phase have not been measured in most of the studies . There may be some change in the resting autonomic tone owing to the hormonal and hemodynamic changes at this phase. The aim of this study was to assess the heart rate variability across the three phases of menstrual cycle in adolescent females with normal menstrual cycle. Fifteen adolescent females of age group 1719 years ,with normal BMI and eumennorhic cycle were included in this study .Heart rate variability was measured across the three phases of menstrual cycle using RMS polyrite D. Blood pressure was measured using non invasive blood pressure apparatus .The Heart rate variability parameters namely LF,HF and LF/HF ratio measured across the three phases of menstrual cycle was compared. There was an increase in the diastolic blood pressure and LF values in the menstrual phase. However, it was not statistically significant.


Background There is insufficient evidence from controlled clinical studies to support the use of Ketamine in refractory cancer pain. This has lead to lack of confidence and inconsistent clinical use of the drug among many specialist palliative centres in the United Kingdom. Aims ▸ To analyse the current practice and barriers in prescribing Ketamine. ▸ To capture the confidence of specialist palliative care physicians in prescribing Ketamine. Methods Specialist palliative care doctors across the region were invited to reply to a questionnaire based survey via email. Results 43 doctors participated in the study. 81.4% have used Ketamine for controlling intractable pain during 'end of life' situations in addition to strong opioids, 60.5% used it as an adjuvant with opioids in the early stages of pain relief and 51.2% used it to enable the reduction of opioid dose due to its side effects. Confidence amongst the specialist palliative care physicians ranged from 3 to 10 on a visual analogue scale (10 representing the most confidence), with an average rating of 6.8. Lack of expertise and familiarity (55.9%), lack of evidence (44.2%), and side effects (25.5%) were the barriers observed in the use of Ketamine. Only 32.6% (4) centres had a written protocol for use within the service and have developed shared guidance for the community services. 79.1% of the respondents felt they would benefit from further training and education. Conclusion Randomised controlled trials are difficult within the palliative care patient population. This has resulted in a lack of uniformity in practice of the use of Ketamine. Almost 80% of the survey participants felt there was a need for further research and education in the use of Ketamine. Recommendations Developing written departmental policies with shared guidance to generalists would help in a more consistent and effective use of the drug amongst specialist palliative doctors. Education and training are required to improve confidence with its use.


Cost calculation is the basic course of Finance and economy. There are many similar concepts and cost calculation methods, which make students very confused. For example, two concepts of production cost, product cost, step method and parallel handling step method are put forward. Systematically studying the comparative analysis and application of cost computing education, we discuss the matters needing attention in education to improve cost-based education methods and improve the efficiency of professors.


Perusing a recent critical appraisal of the numerous attempts at dating Old English poetry by linguistic and metrical criteria is a sobering but not a disheartening experience. None of the tests perform what most were specially designed for; yet most could be greatly enhanced if the collections of data were exhaustive, and if greater care were taken to avoid the various pitfalls in assessing them. Even Lichtenheld's Test, which has probably come under scholarly scrutiny more often than any others, cannot be properly interpreted yet, äs a reviewer has lately asserted, because it still remains to be adequately implemented. Other tests besides this look potentially valuable, but for the time being their usefulness is rather restricted usually in proportion to the amount of material left unconsidered, even more than through negligence or some other inadequacy of method. In their present state, they may point at differences between poems, but measuring these differences, or even collecting the material to be measured, are to a large extent tasks still to be performed or completed. The statistical order within any given


Public health messages emphasizing 'healthy weight' link good health to a narrow range of body weights and stress energy regulation to achieve this. We examined whether women who practise bulimia deploy notions of 'healthy weight' in their talk about body management activities. Analysis is based on interviews with 15 women who practise bulimia and on material collected from cultural locations containing 'health promotion' advice. Poststructuralist discourse analysis revealed that slenderness was constituted as healthy in both sites and that the careful regulation of energy intake and output was similarly reified as a healthy practice. We conclude that a discourse of 'healthy weight' cannot be unhinged from a cultural imperative of slenderness for women, and that paradoxically 'health' practices provide a rationality that supports the practices of binge eating and compensating.


On 10 July 1998, seven-week-old Eucalyptus globulus seedlings at the North Forest Products' Somerset nursery were not protected with shadecloth covers. There was a mild overnight frost followed by a cold morning with bright sunlight. Within a week, visible leaf yellowing and leaf death (photobleaching) were observed. These effects were restricted to discrete areas of the tray beds, with alternate strips of damaged and undamaged seedlings. The undamaged strips corresponded to areas of the bed shaded from direct sunlight between 1000 h and 1030 h by the steel frames that supported the shadecloth. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements made on 22 July 1998 demonstrated that damaged seedlings had experienced levels of photoinhibition indicative of photobleaching while shaded seedlings had not. Seedling height of damaged seedlings was significantly less than that of shaded seedlings three months after the photobleaching event occurred.


Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs at a rate of approximately 1% per day within the first 2 weeks following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We have previously shown that signaling pathways regulating translation initiation are downregulated while catabolic pathways are up regulated while stress‐activated protein kinases (JNK) and all three arms of the endoplasmic‐reticulum stress pathway are activated. While we have attributed these alterations to tourniquet use during surgery causing ischemia‐reperfusion injury, definitive studies demonstrating cause and effect have not been performed. In order to investigate the differences in muscle cells based on tourniquet use, 36 men and women (15 males, 21 females, avg age=67.8 yrs) who underwent TKA were randomized to receive tourniquet, no tourniquet, or tourniquet during cementing only. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after TKA from the vastus lateralis muscle. Preliminary results suggest upregulation of cleaved caspase 3 with tourniquet vs. no‐tourniquet. Further analysis is needed in order to determine the effects of tourniquet use on muscle cell stress pathways during TKA.


A series of 4,2':4',4'':2" ,4'''-quaterthiazole derivatives (2) were readily synthesized via a novel five-steps reaction. The key reaction involved the condensation of 1,4-dibromobutane-2,3-dione with two equimolar amounts of 2-(Boc-protected aminoalkyl)-thiazole-4-carbothioamide. The obtained 2,2"'-bis-(3,6-diazahexyl)- and 2,2'"-bis(3,6,9-triazanonyl)-4,2':4',4":2",4'"-quaterthiazole (2b and 2c) exhibited significant affinity for double-stranded DNA, such as calf thymus DNA, as well as marked DNA cleavage activity in the presence of Co(II) ions under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the formation of a Co(II)-complex with 2b and 2c was found to be necessary for the DNA cleavage activity.


We deal with "Danshi" that has a special wrinkle called "Shibo" on the surface structure of the Japanese paper. Three sheets of wet papers are superimposed to make the Shibo. Wet papers are extended the slack by brushing. Superimposed wet papers are made the Shibo by especial pulling movement. This time, we investigate about the movement of brushing for extending the slack.Subjects are two people which are wearing 18 reflecting markers on the body. An expert has manufactured Danshi for 23 years of experience and a non-expert has done less than 1 year of experience. The movement of brushing process is measured as sampling time of 100 [Hz]. We will investigate differences of the physical movement between the expert and the non-expert.We make a hearing about the differences and work on visualization about the skill of the expert.The method of making Shibo structure has five procedures. First, one piece of wet paper is placed on the inclined work table. Second, wrinkles of the paper are extended by brushing. Third, next wet paper is put on the first sheet, it is extended the slack again. Fourth, moreover third wet paper is put on the second sheet, it is extended the slack by brushing again. Fifth, the Shibo structures are produced by pulling in a state of three superimposed sheets.We compared the number of brushing in each sheets. There was not difference in the number of brushing in each sheet in a non-expert. In other hand, number of brushing by the expert was two times that of first and second sheets in third sheet. The number of brushing in first and second sheets did not change by the expert. In consequence, he was a notion that important things for making the clear Shibo structure are not only extending the slack, but also pulling out the bubbles.We divided brushing movement into eight directions. In third sheet of the expert, the number of brushing to body direction has increased over 10%. It was found that the expert removed air bubbles from the corner of the top right. Furthermore, we investigated the change of angle of the right wrist in the expert and the non-expert. It became clear that angle of the wrist is reduced when the expert is brushing forward.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Hypoperfusion, reversal blood flow, or aberrant vessel formation may lead to deficiencies in embryonic development. Clinical observations in humans have suggested that vascular abnormalities (disruptions or aberrant angiogenesis) may be responsible for several birth defects including defects of brachial arch derivation, gastroschisis, porencephaly, acardia, Poland, Klippel-Feil and Mobius anomalies. We report our findings using six fetal lambs that underwent fetal surgery to impede blood flow of the carotid artery and its branches, including the laryngeal artery, the anastomotic branch of vertebral artery with occipital artery, the auricularis artery and the transverse facial artery. Between 115 and 117 days of gestation, all ewes were placed under general anesthesia and provided with mechanical ventilation. We placed catheters in the femoral artery for blood gas sampling. A balloon occluder, and a blood flow probe were placed on one internal carotid while the contra lateral side was completely ligated. On the third day post surgery, the balloon occluder was inflated 3 times for 30 minutes at the time at 30 minute intervals. PO2, PCO2, pH, lactate and glucose were monitored during the study. Seven days post occlusion all animals were sacrificed and tissues were collected. Craniofacial anomalies were obvious in three animals.


The paper considers the pollution of industrial areas in modern poultry and livestock complexes and shows the harmful effects of indoor air pollution on both humans and animals. The presence of contaminants in food production facilities can reduce the shelf life of manufactured products and lead to the formation of mold on them. Filters are fitted to enable cleaning. Electrostatic filters meet the requirements to the maximum extent. The paper considers the classification of electrostatic filters; carries out theoretical studies; and derives analytical dependences of electric field intensity on the voltage of collecting plates. The experimental studies were conducted using an experimental setup. This was followed by constructing graphs of the dependence of the electric field intensity on the voltage of collecting plates. The experimental data was analyzed and the analytical expressions of the dependence of the electric field intensity on the voltage on collecting plates adjusted. A mathematical model of the electric field was built, and the experimental results compared with the calculation results based on the mathematical model.


The invention relates to a rutile ore part size fraction benefication joint production process. The joint production process comprises the steps of part size fraction magnetic separation, reselection, magnetic separation, desliming and grading, and flotation in sequence, so that the limit of only recovering rutile or comprehensively recovering garnet and rutile can be broken, and three main minerals including rutile, garnet and omphacite in the ore can be recovered comprehensively. By adopting the process, the rutile concentrate with TiO2 being in 90% grade and garnet and omphacite concentrate with purity being 88% can be obtained, the recovery rates of TiO2, the rutile, garnet and omphacite are 67.44%, 77.95%, 81.50 and 71.18%. Test results show that the main mineral resources in raw ores can be reasonably and effectively utilized with low flotation cost.


The trim size of different foldable cartons' body boards can be ascertained combined with the size of sculpt and projection views.However,it's difficult to obtain the projection views of different foldable cartons with complex modeling based on traditional method.The method to design and obtain the projection views of strange shape foldable cartons based on the function of degradation between the 3D modeling and the 2D projection views in Pro/ENGINEER was proposed.


1
Actinomycetes and fungi causing farmers'lung and infections in man and animals were isolated preferentially using an Andersen sampler after shaking spores from mouldy hay in a sedimentation chamber.

2
Actinomycetes were isolated after 2 h sedimentation and Aspergillus fumigatus and Absidia spp. after 30 min.


This study is aimed at investigating and identifying the present status of league managing system in KBL (Korean Basketball League) and finding a solution to activate Korean Professional Basketball. In order to achieve the object of this study, literature materials analysis and in-depth interview were used. Data for this study were collected from various domestic books, research papers, professional publication, news articles and so on. For the in-depth interview, people who knew KBL specifically were chosen as interviewee by purposeful sampling. Interviews were conducted by KBL coaches, players, basketball reporters, sports for all people, basketball fans and KBL staff. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the KBL managing system needs an improvement and supplementation in five fields: maximizing the media utilization, supplementing policies to prevent wrong judgments, discovering and promoting star players, adopting systematical player management and establishing effective support of administration.


BUSTOS, D. A cartographic approach to the dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows and stochastic customers. 2018. 112 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências – Ciências de Computação e Matemática Computacional) – Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos – SP, 2018. This dissertation presents a cartographic approach to the dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows and stochastic customers (DVRPTWSC). The objectives are to minimize the total travel time and maximize the number of new requests served. Addressing the DVRPTWSC requires solving the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). A memetic algorithm (MA) for the VRPTW is proposed. The MA prunes the search space using the information gathered by a clustering procedure, which is applied to customers' spatial data. The cartographic approach to the DVRPTWSC is incorporated into a multiagent system where a dispatcher agent plans the routes for vehicle agents. Before creating the initial routing plan, a cartographic processing is applied. This procedure uses hierarchical clustering to divide the region where customers are located into a hierarchy of nested regions. The initial routing plan considers known requests and potential requests sampled from known probability distributions. It is created using the search operators of the MA, which in turn use the information obtained from the hierarchical clustering to perform the search. Over the planning horizon, the dispatcher updates the routing plan: Potential requests that were included in the initial routing plan and do not materialize are removed and new requests are processed using the assignation of requests based on nested regions (ARNR). The ARNR procedure is aimed at reducing the number of vehicles considered for serving new requests. It tries to assign the requests among the vehicles that can serve them at low detour costs. The nested regions created in the cartographic processing are used to identify such vehicles. Experimental results show that the proposed MA performs competitively with state-of-the-art heuristics for the VRPTW. The proposed approach to the DVRPTWSC outperforms approaches that do not include potential requests in the initial routing plan. The use of the ARNR procedure significantly reduces the number of vehicles considered for serving new requests, and it yields solutions similar to those obtained when considering all vehicles in operation. The proposed approach performs consistently under three levels of dynamism: low, medium, and high.


In recent years, several techniques have been proposed for class-level regression testing. Most of these techniques focus either on white- or black-box testing, although an integrated approach can have several benefits. As similar tasks have to be carried out for both white- and black-box testing, an integrated approach can improve efficiency and cost effectiveness. The article explains an approach for class-level regression testing, integrating existing techniques. Particularly, those of Rothermel et al. (2000) and Hong et al. (1995) for white-box regression testing and black-box testing, respectively, have been integrated into a single technique. The benefits of the resulting technique are shown by example.


V LED based curing systems for a range of industrial UV curing applications including printing, coatings, and adhesives. Proprietary Semiconductor Light Matrix (SLM™) represents a technology breakthrough. SLM™ enables the delivery of high intensity pure...


A novel control synthesis is proposed for humanoids to demonstrate unique foot-tilting behaviors that are comparable to humans in balance recovery. Our study of model-based behaviors explains the underlying mechanism and the significance of foot tilting well. Our main algorithms are composed of impedance control at the center of mass, virtual stoppers that prevent overtilting of the feet, and postural control for the torso. The proof of concept focuses on the sagittal scenario and the proposed control is effective to produce human-like balancing behaviors characterized by active foot tilting. The successful replication of this behavior on a real humanoid proves the feasibility of deliberately controlled underactuation. The experimental validation was rigorously performed, and the data from the submodules and the entire control were presented and analyzed.


Most patients who have taken a large dose of a beta-blocker will demonstrate bradycardia and hypotension. With very large doses there will be coma, convulsions and profound hypotension. A variety of cardiac dysrhythmias and ECG abnormalities are described. The more serious of these can result in cardiorespiratory arrest.2,3 These include: • heart block • intraventricular conduction defects • ST segment elevation • absent P waves, and • ventricular fibrillation or asystole.


This paper grants the hard determinist position that moral responsibility is not coherent with a deterministic world view and examines hard determinist alternatives to traditional punishment. I claim that hard determinist accounts necessarily involve consequentialist reasoning and discuss problems stemming from them. I also argue that a revised model of traditional consequentialism called complex consequentialism, a view in which multiple values may be considered as ends, provides the best moral framework for a hard determinist account. Ultimately, I examine a criminal justice model that draws heavily on public health ideals and argue that it should considered a complex consequentialist account. It is generally held that in order for individuals to be responsible for their actions they must have a hand in choosing these actions. However, in the past few decades there has been significant research in fields such as psychology, sociology, and neuroscience that suggests much of our behavior is not as much in our control as previously thought. Some philosophers have taken the stance that all our actions are determined by forces beyond our control. In making this claim, that all our actions are determined, these philosophers must then make sense of our notions of moral responsibility. Those who conclude that determinism is true and incompatible with moral responsibility are generally referred to as hard determinists. In this paper I take for granted the hard determinist position, that moral responsibility is not coherent with deterministic world view, and examine several views on how we are then to deal with the criminal justice system. I begin by examining a few common models for crime management that function without moral responsibility and some common objections to these models. I argue that the hard determinist position necessitates at least some degree of consequentialist reasoning and discuss some possible ways the problematic implications of consequentialist approaches to crime can be addressed. I argue that complex consequentialism, a view in which multiple values may be considered as ends to be maximized, 52 Stance | Volume 9 | April 2016 provides the best moral framework for a hard determinist account. Ultimately, I examine a criminal justice model provided by Greg Caruso that draws heavily on ideals found in public health. Though not explicitly noted by the author, I believe that Caruso's model is a complex consequentialist account, and I argue that it provides the best hard determinist model.


ABSTRACT This study examines the role of recruitment in explaining variation in participation for female combatants in rebel movements. I argue that recruitment has little impact on the nature of women's participation within a rebel movement. Drawing on the case of the LTTE in Sri Lanka, I find that the political identities of individual female fighters, shaped by prior experiences of state repression, in particular militarization, can better explain variation in participation than the specific manner of their recruitment. I demonstrate that even in cases of coercive recruitment, female participation cannot be predicted and may even evidence high levels of commitment to the insurgent cause.


A heuristic multicasting traffic grooming algorithm which can easily route and assign the wavelength for transmission, and a QoS-promoted scheme for upstream transmission in FTTx optical networks are proposed. The heuristic algorithm can achieve the traffic grooming within a short period of time for any traffic types. The QoS-promoted scheme divides incoming packets of voice, video, data service into six priorities, whereas packets having less room before QoS requirements violation will be dynamically promoted to high priority, and thus can be transmitted earlier in metro-WDM/FTTx network to guarantee the end-to-end QoS. The simulation results show that the QoS-promoted scheme achieves lower video packets dropped and lower packets delay than the DBAM scheme.


The ethnic adult higher education of our country changes in direction from education demand to demand education,from mere academic credential to diversified training requires,from seeking the scale efficiency to seeking the exquisite efficiency,from designated training curriculum to negotiation curriculum,from university choice of students to students'choice of university and teacher,and from utilitarian education demand to leisure education demand.So perspectives of school runners and researchers in the ethnic adult higher education change accordingly.


eral positions because it removes the assumption of the state as the unit of action. Here individual actors can have a role and international co-operation is seen as including nongovernmental organisations, universities and various types of non-state players. However, the influence of those actors and applicability of the model is argued by Paterson to have been strongest in the agenda-setting phase. This is an interesting chapter in terms of the discussion of the nature and role of science and how it can be regarded as just one type of discourse on the global warming issue. Exploring the science as deliberative process argument moves Paterson away from the epistemic communities model and harks back to the previous discussion of role playing theories. The final category of theories discussed is that most favoured by Paterson: political economy as historical materialism. This focuses upon the instability created by capital accumulation in industrialised economies, and uses this as the context within which environmental problems must be explained. Combating global climate change is seen as requiring broad social change to decouple political positions from vested interests built around capital accumulation and material economic growth. However, in a footnote, Paterson rejects wholesale adoption of Marxist principles because of their class reductionism, universalist pretensions, and determinism (p. 202) The overall conclusion is that there are two best approaches in the international relations explanations of negotiations over controlling greenhouse gases: historical materialism and poststructuralism where writers focus on the notion of discourse. Meanings given by states and other actors to environmental phenomena are then centrally important in determining whether action is taken. These meanings are constructed, developed and changed over time as states interact. As someone with little prior knowledge of the details behind competing theories in international relations I found Paterson's approach illuminating and a useful guide to the key arguments. However, this can be a difficult book for somebody unfamiliar with the terminology and literature of political theory. Despite (or perhaps because of) this, non-political scientists interested in the enhanced greenhouse effect, but also more generally international environmental and resource problems, will find this is a worthwhile and informative read. CLIVE L. SPASH Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge


ABSTRACT Biocomposite scaffolds composed of PVA, ovalbumin, cellulose nanocrystals, and nanohydroxyapatite were fabricated by freeze-drying method. The results revealed that the different fractions of nanohydroxyapatite and cellulose nanocrystals provide the mechanical strength and stiffness to the desired biocomposite scaffolds. In vitro biomineralization showed the formation of apatite onto the surface of obtained biocomposite scaffolds and increased as amount of nanohydroxyapatite increased. The obtained results suggest that the different combinations of these four biomaterials can be used to fabricate highly porous scaffolds with desired mechanical performance and degradation rate by adjusting ratio for potential use in low load-bearing applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


No more acrid struggle raged in Soviet legal circles during the year 1937 than that over the search for a suitable theory of international law. For eight years lawyers had turned to Eugene B. Pashukanis as the leading Soviet theoretician in this field, but today his position is gone, his books are banned, and he is called an enemy of the people. This is not the first occasion of a transition from one theoretician to another. Pashukanis himself had risen to prominence on criticism of the ideas of Professor Eugene A. Korovine, whose books* had made him the accepted theoretician of the first decade of the revolution. After Pashukanis began his criticism, Korovine gradually recanted over a period of years, but not until 1935 did he fully acknowledge his errors and adopt the new principles which had partly replaced his own ideas. The repudiation of Pashukanis has been of a more violent and sudden sort, covering but a few months and resulting in the complete annihilation of his ideas as not alone harmful but as the ideas of the enemy. The field has been cleared for an entirely new interpretation. Critics have counseled against a return to Korovine's earlier explanations as not fitting the needs of the day. To be sure, some of Korovine's ideas which Pashukanis had denounced now seem to have been more nearly correct than the principles propounded by his critic, but writers demand a reworking of the whole subject. Only months after the first attacks on Pashukanis appeared did material begin to find its way into print hinting at an interpretation which jurists may now be willing to accept. When read in the light of previous theories these articles provide a suggestion as to the future progress of Soviet theoretical work in the sphere of international law. No theory in this field can be termed an official one, for each represents only


PLC is an automatic controlling system combined with computer science,automatic control and communication together,which is widely used and considered as one of three backbones of modern industrial automation.In the automatic production,instead of the traditional relay,the operation of PLC-based automatic posseses higher reliability and lower possibility of error.OMRON-CPM2A type PLC was adopted to control the operation of carriage in asphalt mixtures transportation,which will be more conviniently controled.


The present invention discloses an improved system with customized steam cooking, popping, tearing and shell separator mechanisms for de-shelling cashew nut and an improved process with customized steam cooking, popping, tearing and shell separator mechanisms for de-shelling cashew nut. The improved system comprises of: a main frame, a hopper, a feeding unit, a singulator unit, a main conveyor (horizontal or rotary), an optics unit, a customized steaming system, a customized popping system, a customized tearing system, a shell separator unit, and multiple collection units. The disclosed improved system provides accurate amount of pressurized steam to individual cashew nut according to their steam requirement, thereby enabling such customized steamed cashew nuts for accurate popping and accurate tearing each cashew nuts, thereby ultimately avoiding high cashew kernel breakage and providing high percentage of substantially whole kernel as a final product, moreover this kind of customizedsteaming adapted for steaming cashew nuts provide good quality of kernels which has high market value.


Nature gas is easy to form hydrate while depressurizing,it can seal pipeline,valve and make great loss.This paper main discuss on the mechanics and conditions to form natural gas hydrate,and it can be calculation by the methods of phase equilibrium value and thermodynamic model.It also describe the common methods to prevent natural gas hydrate.


A scale-recursive algorithm is presented for the detection and characterization of anomalous structures in a medium based upon observations of scattered radiation obtained along the boundary of the region. A nonlinear scattering model based upon Maxwell's equation is used to relate the anomalous structures to the measured fields. Decision- and estimation-theoretic techniques are employed to (a) identify large-scale areas in which such anomalies are present and (b) spatially refine these estimated regions to better localize the true anomalous structures. Examples are presented from a low-frequency inverse conductivity problem drawn from the field of geophysical signal processing.


New expressionsforthem ultipolem om entsofan isolated post-Newtonian source,in theform of surface integrals in the outernear-zone,are derived. Asan application we com pute the \source" quadrupole m om ent ofa Schwarzschild solution boosted to uniform velocity,at the third postNewtonian (3PN) order. W e show that the consideration ofthis boosted Schwarzschild solution (BSS)isenough to uniquely determ ineoneoftheam biguity param etersin therecentcom putation ofthegravitationalwavegeneration by com pactbinariesat3PN order: = 7=33.W earguethat thisvalueistheonly oneforwhich thePoincar e invarianceofthe3PN wave generation form alism is realized. As a check,we con rm the value of by a di erent m ethod,based on the far-zone expansion oftheBSS at xed retarded tim e,and a calculation oftherelevantnon-linearm ultipole interactionsin the externalm etric atthe 3PN order. PACS num bers:04.25.-g,04.30.-w Electronicaddress:blanchet@ iap.fr Electronicaddress:dam our@ ihes.fr Electronicaddress:bri@ rri.res.in


An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of bumped radiation plate on CO emission characteristics. Several assumptions were made, especially curvature effect, on CO emission mechanisms. Flow characteristics and flame structure were observed by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and C2 radical intensity measurements respectively. We also could found that the angle of radiation plate and bump's size, relative position to the nozzle tip would affect to the CO emissions. To design the broil burner, CO emission and heat flux characteristics must be optimized under circumstances such as regulation limits.


To determine the concentration of weak positive quality control serum for hepatitis B virus DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Ten fold series dilution five serum samles which HBV DNA concentrations had been known were distributed to ninty one laboratories of hospitals and reagent manufacturers,and the samples were detected by the routine PCR methods in the laboratories.Then,the data returned were analyzed.At present,the sensitivity of HBV DNA detection by PCR in China is not so high that the sample with 5×10 5 copies/ml HBV DNA has not been detected positive in fifty one(56 0%)of all ninty one laboratories.Moreover,there are great difference in positive rates of five samples detected by laboratories using HBV DNA PCR reagents from different manufacturers.The results suggested that the 10 5 copies/ml HBV DNA is suitable to be as weak positive quality control serum for HBV DNA detection by PCR in China.


Aiming at the heterogeneity problem between ontology,an ontology matching method based on Top-k mapping is put forward.This is an extension of existing methods.It takes similarity computation as a basis of the algorithm by calculating the similarity of two concepts at element and structure level.Moreover,it can generate k mapping simultaneously not one best mapping.Experimental shows that the method has advantages in the recall and precision,and excels GLUE in precision.


in 1970 is a matter I can hardly expect my unconscious mind to confide in my conscious one. That Oxford is, as Oscar Wilde declared with alumnal fervor, "the most beautiful thing in England/' played its part. The notion of trumping middle age by a violent and unpredicted decomposition of place was also agreeable. The absence of economic reward the presence, rather, of economic loss contributed a pleasant air of self-sacrifice to what was perhaps only self-indulgence. Quixotic acts appeal to those of Quixote's age. At any rate, I was not alone, for just before or just after I came up to Oxford (one goes down from it, as from an alp), other Americans accepted posts in jurisprudence, medicine, symbolic logic, psychology, musicology, and last year in American literature. But in 1970 it still seemed beguilingly eccentric to teach English literature to the English, and so did the thought of succeeding to at least one of the titles of Lord David Cecil. More grandly, there was the precedent of John Dryden, who like most English poets before this century was a Cambridge man, but had been won away by the production of his plays in Oxford. As he said, a little ungraciously for his mother university,


The design of a melt synthesis of the first air-stable formulation of the metastable form III of paracetamol is derived from thermo-spectroscopic and thermo-diffraction experiments. Melt crystallisation in the presence of β-1,4-saccharides produces form III selectively and the excipients appear to act as stabilising 'active' templates of the metastable polymorph.


Summary Hodrushite, a new sulphosalt of copper and bismuth, was found in the Rosalia ore vein at Banská Hodrušá near Banská Štiavnica, Czechoslovakia. It has chemical composition Cu8·12Bi11·54Fe0·29S22 (as determined by electron-microprobe method) close to Cu8Bi12S22. Symmetry is monoclinic, space group A2/m, lattice constants a 27·21, b 3·93, c 17·58 Å, β 92° 9′, measured density 6·35, calculated density 6·45 g/cm3. Microhardness 200 kg/mm2, anisotropic, weak bireflectance, creamy with pinkish tint, maximum reflectivity about 6000 Å. Crystals needle-shaped and striated along [010], colour steel-grey, quickly tarnishing to bronze. Associated with quartz, hematite, and chalcopyrite. Closely related to cuprobismutite.


Jung-Nyun Kim, and Kyung Ho ChoiDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, KoreaReceived April 6, 2004Key Words : Zeolite, Solid acid, Dihydrobenzofuran, Claisen rearrangement, CyclizationZeolites, heterogeneous catalysts, have been widelyutilized as catalysts in the petroleum refining and chemicalindustries


The effect of plasticizer o-terphenyl on the glass transition of polystyrene was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from a new aspect. The peak areas of four conformation insensitive bands as a function of temperature were studied, these being assigned to the vibrational modes of main chain groups and side groups of polystyrene. It was shown that the reorientation relaxation temperature of the main chain around glass transition was lower than that of the side groups when polystyrene was plasticized by o-terphenyl. It was explained on the basis of cohesional entanglements of polystyrene chains. The reorientation relaxation region of the side groups was nearly the same as the macroscopically observable glass transition region of polystyrene, implying that the glass transition process of polystyrene was dominated by the reorientation of side groups.


How can consumer law be used in support of the development of the circular economy in the EU, and which legal challenges need to be overcome? This article seeks to answer that question on the basis of an analysis of the trade-offs that need to be made between consumer protection and sustainability goals in consumer markets. To demarcate the scope of the enquiry, we focus on prevalent business models in consumer markets, in which examples are drawn from experiences in the Netherlands. The analysis of business models reveals three aspects to which regulation may be directed: durability, return, and (shared) use vs. ownership. The article examines how consumer law can be tailored to support the pursuit of these sustainability goals whilst safeguarding consumer protection rights.


PURPOSE: A character inputting apparatus and a method thereof are provided to display a predicted syllable to select a syllable to be inputted one time in order to input the syllable, thereby easily inputting a word or a sentence. CONSTITUTION: A character input unit(110) inputs a character through a key, a touch and a voice. A display unit(130) displays predicted syllables and the character. A database unit(140) includes predicted syllable data about the character. A control unit(160) extracts at least one predicted syllable corresponding to the character. If the syllable is selected, the control unit displays at least one predicted syllable corresponding to a finally selected syllable and a character to the selected syllable.


Transition metal catalysts with Metal-N-C (M-N-C) sites has been investigated as an alternative of the noble metal catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which occurs on a cathode of fuel cell. Among the methods of preparing various M-N-C catalysts, carbonized metal organic frameworks (MOF) are the one of the simple ways to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon. MOF are known highly porous crystalline solids constructed from metal ions or clusters covalently linked by organic ligands. The tunability of their composition, architecture, and properties has has led to advances in drug delivery, catalysis, sensors, optoelectronics, electrochemistry, gas separation and gas adsorption. Although many studies have been reported that M-N-C catalysts have better performance than Pt catalysts, but most have been reported in alkaline media, and Fe-N-C catalysts have been mainly studied in acidic media. Fe-N-C catalysts have excellent performance; the new M-N-C catalyst should be replaced as it is less stable due to the fenton reaction. In this study, we report the synthesis of a melamine-encapsulated Co-ZnO-C composite as a precursor and template for zeolite-imidazole-frameworks (ZIF-8). This approach allows formation of Co-N-C for constructing unique structures at meso- and macropore scales, while maintaining microporosity. Density functional theory analysis confirms the superior stability of the Co-N-C catalyst over other M-N-C catalysts (M = Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn). The Co-NC catalyst with a developed pore structure shows remarkable durability (6.7 % performance degradation for 100 h) and full cell performance in H2/O2 under 1 bar of backpressure (723 mW/cm2 of maximum power density).


Differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering by formamide (NH2CHO) were measured in the 30–800 eV and 10°–120° ranges. The angular distribution of scattered electrons was obtained using a crossed electron beam-molecular beam geometry. The relative flow technique was applied to normalize our data. Integral and momentum-transfer cross sections were derived from the measured differential cross sections. Theoretical results in the framework of the independent-atom model at the static-exchange-polarization plus absorption level of approximation are also given. The present measured and calculated results are compared with those available in the literature showing a generally good agreement.


Textilinin‐1 is a Kunitz‐type serine protease inhibitor isolated from the venom of the Australian common brown snake, Pseudonaja textilis. This molecule binds to and blocks the activity of a range of serine proteases, including plasmin and trypsin. Textilinin‐1's ability to inhibit plasmin, a protease involved in fibrinolysis, has raised the possibility that it could be used as an alternative to aprotinin (Trasylol) as a systemic antibleeding agent in surgery. Here, the crystal structure of free recombinant textilinin‐1 has been determined to 1.63 Å, with three molecules observed in the asymmetric unit. All of these have a similar overall fold to aprotinin, except that the canonical loop for one of the molecules is inverted such that the side chain of the P1′ residue, Val18, is partially buried by intramolecular contacts to Pro15, Thr13, and Ile36. In aprotinin, the P1′ residue is Ala16, whose side chain is too small to form similar contacts. The loop inversion in textilinin‐1 is facilitated by changes in backbone dihedral angles for the P1 and P2′ residues, such that they alternate between values in the β‐sheet and α‐helical regions of the Ramachandran plot. In a comparison with the structures of all other known Kunitz‐type serine protease inhibitors, no such conformational variability has been observed. The presence of the bulkier valine as the P1′ residue in textilinin‐1 appears to be a major contributor to reducing the binding affinity for plasmin as compared to aprotinin (3.5 nm versus 0.053 nm) and could also account for an observed narrower binding specificity.


Premature neonates have immature antioxidant enzyme systems rendering them more susceptible to oxidative injury. One key antioxidant is glutathione (GSH). The rate limiting amino acid (AA) in GSH production is thought to be cysteine. Critically ill premature neonates who are parenterally fed are often supplemented with additional cysteine, yet the need for cysteine and optimal dose is unknown. This was a prospective, un-blinded, three-group, randomized crossover study aimed to evaluate three doses of cysteine by analyzing red blood cell (RBC) GSH, plasma AA, weight, and nitrogen balance. Neonates were randomized to receive 72 hours of each of the following cysteine doses: 10 mg/g AA, 20 mg/g AA, and 40 mg/g AA. GSH, plasma AAs, weight, and nitrogen balance were evaluated at baseline (after 72 hours of 0 mg/g AA), day three, day six, and day nine. Sixteen patients completed all doses of cysteine, which resulted in significantly increased RBC GSH concentrations over baseline. Plasma concentrations of cystine, total and free cysteine/cystine, glycine and serine increased with cysteine dose. All cysteine doses were associated with adequate weight gain, and positive nitrogen balance. These results are contrary to more recent studies of cysteine effect on RBC GSH concentrations in preterm neonates and infants, but may reflect the severity of illness in our study subjects, where cysteine requirements may be increased.


Based on the perspective of social capital,taken Guangzhou City Polytechnic as an example,this paper analyzes the effects of cultural construction to higher vocational colleges in gaining social capital from the two aspects of inner social capital and outside social capital.Effects of cultural construction to higher vocational colleges in gaining social capital within the school mainly manifest in teachers and students forming shared value,cultural acknowledgement and management mechanism of high efficiency.For the outside social capital,effects of cultural construction mainly manifest in gaining more scarce resource,pushing school-enterprise cooperation and international communication,signifying the school function of serving the society,etc.


Uplift and erosion of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau have resulted in the deposition of some of the largest sedimentary masses on Earth. Chemical weathering of these materials has been invoked as a primary driver of long‐term global cooling because weathering of silicate material consumes atmospheric CO2. We here combine geochemical data from scientific drill sites in the Arabian and South China Seas, together with sediment mass flux budgets, to estimate changes in chemical weathering fluxes for the Indus, Mekong, and Pearl river systems. The rate of CO2 consumption decreased by 50% between ∼16 and 5.3 Ma, especially in the Indus system, as onshore erosion slowed and provenance shifted away from mafic arc units in the suture zone. Falling chemical weathering fluxes during a period of global cooling refutes the idea that Himalaya–Tibetan Plateau uplift drove Neogene global cooling.


Graphene
nanoribbons (GNRs) can be synthesized with atomic precision
through on-surface chemistry of self-assembled organic precursors
on metal surfaces. Here, we examine the growth of seven-armchair GNRs
(7-AGNRs) on the Au(16 14 15) vicinal surface, namely, a surface vicinal
to Au(111) that features kinked steps. During the thermal activation
of the polymerization and cyclodehydrogenation processes that produce
the GNRs, the kinked substrate undergoes a strong step-edge reshaping,
accompanied by a massive missing-row reconstruction within (111) terraces
that aligns GNRs preferentially along two equivalent [110]
directions. Using angle-resolved photoemission, we are able to detect
the occupied frontier band of the 7-AGNR at the center of the first
Brillouin zone, as predicted by theoretical calculations. This allows
to unambiguously determine the relevant 7-AGNR band properties, namely,
energy and effective mass.


Awound can be defined as a breakdown in the protective function of the skin, including a breach in the epithelium with or without the loss of underlying connective tissue (muscle, bone, nerves, etc) (Leaper and Harding, 1998). This results from injury to the skin and/or underlying tissues or organs from surgery, trauma, cuts, chemicals, heat/cold, friction, force, pressure or disease processes such as pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers or carcinomas (Hutchinson, 1992).


Results: A 40-year-old f emale consulted for a rapidly enlarging right intranasal mass of four months duration associated with recurrent profuse epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Previous specimens of the mass were histopathologically interpreted as ameloblastoma versus craniopharyngioma. Examination revealed a pink, fleshy, smooth right intranasal mass with associated nasomaxillary bulge and supero-lateral displacement of the right eye. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses demonstrated a soft-tissue density occupying the entire nasal cavity with erosion but no invasion of the maxillary sinus and no intracranial extension despite erosion of the skull base. The mass was completely excised via lateral rhinotomy and the final histopathologic diagnosis was ameloblastoma.


The energy is an important factor for the development of social and economic of any country. In recent years, utilizing renewable energy and reducing pollution have become important in the whole world. Wind power is one of the strongest growing forms of renewable energy. Now a days, wind power generation increases rapidly. .A detailed study of the models helps energy planning, research and policy making. The available wind energy mainly depends on the wind speed. For the wind-farm operator, this poses difficulty in the system scheduling and energy dispatching, as the schedule of the wind-power availability is not known in advance. In this paper, we describe different technique for forecasting wind speed. The model based on the neural network, demonstrated a good agreement and produced the wind forecast with high accuracy.


The combustion of pulverized coal injection is widely used in iron making blast furnace. In this study, various operational conditions including the position of nozzle, injection pattern of the pulverized coal size, inlet temperature of the hot blast and different kind of the pulverized coal are taken into consideration. A prediction of pulverized coal combustion behavior has been developed for coal flow and combustion in tuyere and raceway of a blast furnace using commercial CFD code FLUENT. The simulation results indicate that as the nozzle length is increased, lift length of the flame increases and as the coal size is decreased, flame length increases and as the carbon element of the coal contents is increased, high temperature zone increases and as the volatile matter of the coal contents is increased, the combustion reaction rate increases in the early stage. Consequently, the obtained results have provided a useful insight into the operation of pulverized coal combustion, and they enable us to further improve the blast furnace performance in the future.