Abstract Background The medical field's response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic required a multifaceted approach. Medical students were often excluded from the initial phases of pandemic response, resulting in feelings of disengagement. This study aimed to determine if offering educational experiences on current events related to the COVID-19 pandemic could increase medical students' understanding of, and engagement with, the pandemic. Methods In Fall 2020, an elective course reviewing several aspects of the COVID-19 response was implemented. Preclinical medical students attended a discussion-based seminar series given by expert faculty on a variety of topics including pathophysiology, vaccine development, telemedicine, and others. Upon course completion, students were asked to complete a survey quantifying their understanding of the overall COVID-19 response, understanding of various individual facets of the response, and feelings of personal engagement on a Likert scale from 1-5, with 5 representing the most understanding or engagement. The differences in pre-course and post-course mean scores were compared using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test for each question. Results A total of 65 students completed the course; 35 (54%) students filled out the final course survey. Results showed significant improvement in students' perceived holistic understanding of the pandemic response (2.67 pre-course vs. 4.36 post-course; p < 0.001), and their feelings of personal engagement (3.06 pre-course vs. 4.33 post-course; p < 0.001). Students also reported significantly increased feelings of understanding for each individual facet of the pandemic response reviewed during the course (8 questions total, all p-values < 0.001). Conclusion Preclinical medical student participation in a course reviewing COVID-19 pandemic response significantly increased feelings of engagement with and understanding of the medical field's response to the pandemic. Students showed improved understanding of each aspect of the pandemic response that was covered in the elective. Therefore, it appears that seminar- and discussion-based electives can be a useful tool for fostering preclinical student engagement in current events in medicine. Disclosures Prathit A. Kulkarni, M.D., Vessel Health, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)


The Internet and co-operative computing have been among the important research focuses in the past decade. The ever-growing popularity and infiltration of the Internet, fueled by wide-acceptance of the World Wide Web, have motivated numerous research works in web architecture, computational and data representation, and processing models. In fact, the Internet has already brought about a revolutionary change in providing a unified transport infrastructure for cooperative networking. In particular, remote computers can now readily participate in distributed computation, under the framework of Internet computing. With such a framework, users are able to seamlessly communicate and interact with each other across geographically separated locations. As technologies continue to advance and evolve, there is an increasing need to research and develop new classes of middleware and applications to leverage on the combined benefits of the Internet and the Web to provide users and programmers with a highly interactive and robust co-operative computing environment. This is manifested through enterprises adoption of middleware technologies like CORBA and Web Services, while promoting unified interchange of data based on XML. In particular, Web services and XML-based computing have extended their presence from the research arena into real commercial platforms for application development. We are witnessing the integration of research efforts and application development in this area, where concurrent accesses to the shared computational and informational resources are supported and co-ordinated to maximize their operational and application effectiveness. In the past, co-operation among geographically distributed users can only be achieved via dedicated communication infrastructure. However, co-operative concurrent computing dictates proper support for not only communication, but also co-ordination and consistency maintenance via principled engineering practices. The common approach to the provision of these mechanisms also begins to move away from the standard client– server paradigm to the more distributed setting, exemplified by recent research efforts on peer-to-peer computing. In fact, the crossover of the two technologies has now created a new, complex, and yet promising paradigm of Co-operative Internet Computing, which we envision will become the de facto approach to cooperative computing in the years to come. In this special issue, we would like to highlight the potentials of this computing paradigm, through the collection of a carefully selected set of research papers from contributors in USA, Europe, Australia and Asia, from academic institutions, and research laboratories. Co-operative internet computing represents the convergence of two important inter-related technologies, namely, the Internet and the support of co-operation among a number of users in a concurrent manner. Vertically, co-operative internet computing architecture can be structured into several layers. The top layer is the application layer, where interesting applications are provided to deliver the expected requirement. The applications can be developed around some well-defined models so that their correctness and applicability can be evaluated. These applications will be executed upon an infrastructure that allows both communication and coordination among participating parties, for which both performance and standard should be considered. Performance optimization should be made transparently at the infrastructure layer, as well as the application level taking advantage of the application semantics. To bridge the two ends of the vertical spectrum, application development should be supported through well-structured middleware layer services. The important advances in cooperative internet computing, services and technologies are captured in this special issue, spanning different aspects in co-operative internet computing support and applications, arranged from the bottom layer upwards. The paper by Chia-Chen Kuo, Ping Ting, Wei-Guang Teng, Peter M.C. Chen, Ming-Syan Chen, and JengChun Chen entitled ''Multimedia over IP for Thin Clients: Building a Collaborative Resource-Sharing Prototype'' describes a collaborative multimedia computing


We introduce a new higher order scheme for computing the curve shortening flow represented by the intrinsic partial differential equation for updating the evolving curve position vector. Our new scheme is of the Crank-Nicolson-type, the key idea is in averaging of the first-order explicit forward Euler and fully-implicit backward Euler schemes. At any time step, the solution is found iteratively applying the semi-implicit approach. Interestingly, the new scheme gives exact solution for uniformly discretized shrinking circle which is not true for other known discrete schemes approximating the curve shortening flow. Study of experimental order of convergence shows its fourth order accuracy for nonuniformly discretized shrinking circle and we expect the second order accuracy in general, which is indicated by the second order experimental order of convergence (EOC) for evolution of the enclosed area. Together with the new scheme we present forward Euler and semi-implicit and fully-implicit backward Euler schemes and compare them regarding precision and computational efficiency. For all the schemes the spatial discretization is based on the flowing finite volume or mass lumped finite element methods.


The central feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis is loss of immunologic self-tolerance. Here, we address a current controversy regarding whether neutrophils influence the development of B cell auto-reactivity SLE. While both human and murine lupus neutrophils produce factors known to fuel adaptive immune dysregulation, including type I interferon, B cell survival factors, and extracellular traps (a putative source of self-antigen), some studies have contended that neutrophils in peripheral lymphoid organs (PLO) suppress B cell activation and differentiation. In order to ask whether neutrophils exert regulatory or deleterious effects on loss of B cell self-tolerance and immune activation, we compare changes in SLE progression following neutrophil depletion in the NZB/W lupus model, either during or after establishment of disease. Following depletion early in disease, we observe pronounced acceleration of proteinuria, anti-dsDNA titers, and germinal center formation. However, neutrophil depletion after onset of overt disease pathology (including proteinuria) does not strongly alter SLE progression, implicating neutrophils as playing a protective role only apparent during disease onset. To elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying neutrophil effects on B cell auto-reactivity, we examine the cytokine profile of neutrophils in direct proximity to B cells in PLO during several stages of disease. With progression of disease, we observe an influx of interferon-alpha-producing neutrophils in direct proximity to B cells in PLO. These data delineate a shifting balance of both regulatory and activating roles for neutrophils in auto-reactive B cell activation/proliferation during SLE progression.


The growth of the ovary from the time of birth until the menarche is largely dependent upon an increase of its stroma, the reticular fibers of which undergo drastic changes in their orientation during this period of time. Simultaneously with the growth of the ovarian stroma there is a tremendous decrease in the number of oocytes; much of this latter change probably occurs during the first year of life.


In the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the climate modellers of working group 1 (see Box 1 for glossary) dramatically revised upwards the top-range limit of their predictions of global warming from the previous value of 1–3.5 7C to 1.4–5.8 7C between now and 2100 (refs 1, 2). This sweeping revision depends on two factors that were not the handiwork of the modellers: smaller projected emissions of climate-cooling aerosols; and a few predictions containing particularly large CO2 emissions. This big increase in the projection of severe climate change is certainly plausible, but an unanswered question lingers: "How likely is it that the world will get 6 7C hotter by 2100?" The answer depends on the likelihood of the assumptions underlying the projections, so the components of this projection deserve careful analysis. The most famous 'scenarios' (see Box 1) used by working group 1 in the IPCC's second assessment report were six 'business as usual' projections, and one central scenario formed the basis of several calculations used by working group 2 (ref. 4). Because there is a lag of a few years between emissions predictions, climate models' responses, and analysis of possible impacts, the IPCC decided to prepare a special report on emissions scenarios (SRES) to produce a family of updated projections in time for the writing and review cycle for the third assessment in 1999/2000 (see Box 2, overleaf). For this reason, preliminary scenarios were released, and several climate-modelling groups produced general circulation model (GCM) runs driven by six 'illustrative scenarios' of the 40 emissions projections in the special report. Unfortunately, the time lag persisted, and the impacts-assessment literature still did not have enough time to incorporate the updated climate runs for the latest round of the IPCC.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between certain personality characteristics and achievement of slow learning children.


Abstract The Normalized DilTerence Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) has been widely used in monitoring continental and global vegetation distribution and dynamics, drought severity and location, and environmental deterioration. Since 1982, NOAA has produced the Weekly Global Vegetation Index (GVI) product from AVHRR. The analyses of the GVI product have revealed many problems due to the simplified radiometric correction involved in the processing. Those limitations have inspired several elTorts to reprocess the NOAA GVI data sets to produce an improved representation of global NDVI patterns. In this paper, the quality of three Global NDVI products resulting from very simple to rather sophisticated reprocessing was examined by using a global approach. In general, the quality of data improves with increasing sophistication of radiometric correction. However, this study reveals some significant errors common in all three products assessed. The probl...


A fundamental problem in distributed computing is the task of cooperatively executing a given set of t tasks by p asynchronous processors where the communication medium is dynamic and subject to failures. Also known as do-all, this problem been studied extensively in various distributed settings. In [2], the authors consider a partitionable network scenario and analyze the competitive performance of a randomized scheduling algorithm for the case where the tasks to be completed are independent of each other. In this paper, we study a natural extension of this problem where the tasks have dependencies among them. We present a simple randomized algorithm for p processors cooperating to perform t known tasks where the dependencies between them are defined by a k-partite task dependency graph and additionally these processors are subject to a dynamic communication medium. By virtue of the problem setting, we pursue competitive analysis where the performance of our algorithm is measured against that of the omni...


This article presents an adaptive quadrature phase-locked loop (AQPLL) for improving the dynamic performance of sensorless high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). A conventional quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) operating with a fixed bandwidth tends to have a tradeoff between antidisturbance performance and phase delay. The AQPLL can start to operate with a low bandwidth, while the bandwidth is adapted during motor acceleration in real time. Thus, the position estimation error is quickly minimized, leading to correctly decoupled rotor currents and higher available torque. Key parameters of the adaptation mechanism are examined. Sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) with a full-order observer and an AQPLL has been implemented on a field-programmable gate array and verified using a 100 kr/min PMSM. When motor dynamics is unknown or the QPLL cannot be tuned properly, the AQPLL can auto-tune the bandwidth, facilitating up to 25% faster acceleration from 5 to 100 kr/min. The steady-state position estimation error is less than 3${}^{\circ }$ at 100 kr/min. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method for achieving a high-performance sensorless FOC of high-speed PMSMs. Furthermore, the AQPLL algorithm has the potential to replace the ordinary QPLL, helping to avoid time-consuming online phase-locked loop tuning in standard drives. This article is accompanied by a MATLAB script demonstrating proposed AQPLL fundamentals.


Recent seminal studies have rapidly advanced the understanding of intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) biology in murine models. However, the lack of techniques suitable for isolation and subsequent downstream analysis of IESCs from human tissue has hindered the application of these findings toward the development of novel diagnostics and therapies with direct clinical relevance. This study demonstrates that the cluster of differentiation genes CD24 and CD44 are differentially expressed across LGR5 positive ''active'' stem cells as well as HOPX positive ''facultative'' stem cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting enables differential enrichment of LGR5 (CD242/CD441) and HOPX (CD241/CD441) cells for gene expression analysis and culture. These findings provide the fundamental methodology and basic cell surface signature necessary for isolating and studying intestinal stem cell populations in human physiology and disease. STEM CELLS 2013;31:2024–2030 Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.


In this paper,we analyzes the contagion mechanism of financial crisis with three-stage financial crisis theory,uses VAR system to test the financial crisis contagion.By Granger causality test and impulse response function to analyze the Morgan Stanley MSCI index of the 9 countries in crisis period,deepening crisis period.Conclusion is that in the hidden crisis period there are only one-way causal relationships between the financial markets of United States and the other 7 countries except Australia.After the outbreak of the crisis they quickly established a two-way causal relationship between them,shows that the crisis contagion has a Feedback mechanism.In the context of financial globalization,world financial crisis has cross-contagion,and that is why the financial crisis is getting worse.Impulse response test verify the dynamic contagion effects of the crisis,the impact is increase that U.S.financial markets to other countries,the strength may be greater in short time and duration is longer than the results of classic theory.


We study the twisted local zeta function associated to a polynomial in two variables with coefficients in a non-Archimedean local field of arbitrary characteristic. Under the hypothesis that the polynomial is arithmetically non degenerate, we obtain an explicit list of candidates for the poles in terms of geometric data obtained from a family of arithmetic Newton polygons attached to the polynomial. The notion of arithmetical non degeneracy due to Saia and Z\'u\~niga-Galindo is weaker than the usual notion of non degeneracy due to Kouchnirenko. As an application we obtain asymptotic expansions for certain exponential sums attached to these polynomials.


In Mexico, studies on chiropters have reported the presence of eight families and a total of 138 species, of which seven families and 55 species are reported for the state of Sinaloa. However, the Sierra de Navachiste, México is a natural protected area of state jurisdiction registered as an area subject to Ecological Conservation. studies on bat populations in this area are scarce or nonexistent, resulting in their environmental needs, current threats and the impact they have at population level being unknown. Despite finding a low species richness (five species), caught two migratory species in Sierra de Navachiste: Mormoops megalophylla and Leptonycteris yerbabuenae. This last bat is included on the IUCN red list (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) as a "vulnerable" species, and in Mexico it is a "threatened" species. This bat is considered a key species within the ecosystem due to being the pollinator of the dominant columnar cacti as well as a distributor of its seeds though fruit consumption. This activity promotes the dispersal of these plants and maintains the structure and health of the ecosystem. Due to the importance of the Sierra Navachiste as a refuge for at least five bat species, including two migratory and one protected species, it is necessary to establish a management plan in order to protect the chiroptera community that depends on it.


The present dissertation work complies research in terms of social practice and hydraulic proposal emphasis for the solution on water supply in the Vino's village in the municipality of La Vega in Cundinamarca's department, in which was the proper design of the aqueduct system determined according to on the community's needs of this study area. In the first chapter is briefly the overall strategies listed and described for the development of this research such as problem formulation and approach to understand the objective of this research project, additionally, in the second chapter is the theoretical framework and justification outlined; in the third chapter is the state of the art explained, in this part different research works and papers were analyzed to get an overview in this topic; consequently, in the fourth chapter are the main and specific objectives summarized, in the fifth chapter is the conceptual, theoretical and legal framework described ; in the sixth chapter is the scope and limitations of the design proposal presented; form the seventh to twelfth chapter is the methodology of the diagnosis process and hydraulic design presented, in this part was verified the existing aqueduct system in the study area and its operation, additionally, was a diagnosis on its structure made to elaborate the final proposal taking into account a 25year time horizon as is in Resolution 0330 of 2017 determined in which is the main parameters stablished for the design of supply systems in Colombia issued by the Ministry of Housing City and Territory.


The ability of water and solutes to move through the cartilage matrix is important to the normal function of cartilage and is presumed to be altered in degenerative diseases of cartilage such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques were used to measure a self diffusion coefficient (D) for small solutes in samples of explanted cartilage for diffusion times ranging from 13 ms to 2s. With a diffusion time of 13 ms, the intratissue diffusivity of several small solutes (water, Na+, Li+, and CF3CO2−) was found consistently to be about 60% of the diffusivity of the same species in free solution. Equilibration of the samples at low pH (which titrates the charge groups so that the net matrix charge of −300 mM at pH 8 becomes approximately −50 mM at pH 2) did not affect the diffusivity of water or Na+. These data, and the similarity between the D in cartilage relative to free solution for water, anions, and cations, are consistent with the view that charge is not an important determinant of the intratissue diffusivity of small solutes in cartilage. With 35% compression, the diffusivity of water and Li+ dropped by 19 and 39%, respectively. In contrast, the diffusivity of water increased by 20% after treatment with trypsin (to remove the proteoglycans and noncollagenous proteins). These data and the lack of an effect of charge on diffusivity are consistent with D being dependent on the composition and density of the solid tissue matrix. A series of diffusion‐weighted proton images demonstrated that D could be measured on a localized basis and that changes in D associated with an enzymatically depleted matrix could be clearly observed. Finally, evidence of restriction to diffusion within the tissue was found with studies in which D was measured as a function of diffusion time. The measured D for water in cartilage decreased with diffusion times ranging from 25 ms to 2 s, at which point the measured D was roughly 40% of the diffusivity in free solution. Although changes in matrix density by compression or digestion with trypsin led to a decrease or increase, respectively, in the measured D, the functional change in measured diffusivity with diffusion time remained essentially unchanged. In a different type of study, in which bulk transport could be observed over long periods of time, cartilage was submerged in 99% D2O and MRI studies were performed to demonstrate the bulk movement of water out of the cartilage matrix. These studies yielded a diffusivity estimated to be approximately 40% of the diffusivity of water in solution, which is in agreement with the value obtained for the diffusivity at a diffusion time of 2 s. These NMR measurements of diffusion can be totally noninvasive; thus, the results reported here can be extended to in vivo situations.


With the recent involvement of a greater diversity of groups working in forest management planning, the identification and understanding of people's forest values and their perceptions of one another's values may be a promising approach to sustainable forest management. This study identifies and analyzes the forest values and perceptions of the members of four groups, Aboriginal People, Environmental Non-Government Organizations (ENGOs), the forest industry, and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR), in northwestern Ontario. Conceptual Content Cognitive Mapping (3CM) was used to identify people's forest values and perceptions and dominant forest value themes were created using hierarchical clustering. Inter-group and intra-group similarities and differences among the rankings of participants' forest values and their perceptions were determined through various non-parametric statistical tests. Participants' perceptions about each group were generally similar, which included the two most prominen...


The effects of deformation temperature on the microstructure of welded interface and mechanical properties of joint by electron beam welded(EBW) dissimilar alloys were investigated.The microstructures of the weld and fractographs of samples were examined by OM and SEM.The results show that the microstructures of the welded interface are sensitive to the deformation temperature.After deformation at 950℃,the O phase content increases significantly in the Ti2AlNb alloy at one side of the weld,the microstructure consists of spherical and strip α phase in the TC11 alloy at the other side of the weld,but the grain boundaries α/α2 phase present discontinuously at the weld.After deformation at 1010℃,the microstructure of the TC11 alloy shows Widmanstaten structure,however the grain boundaries α/α2 phases are cut completely.For the samples deformed at 950℃,during tensile tests at room-temperature,the brittle fracture takes place at Ti2AlNb alloy,which is related with the inhomogeneous deformation of the O phase.The higher strength and better ductility is because α/α2 phases are fine,the fracture transfers into TC11 titanium alloy in the tensile test at 500℃.For the samples deformed at 1010℃,the ductility drop is related with Widmanstaten structure of TC11 alloy.The deformation temperature should be strictly controlled for the isothermal deformation of dissimilar materials joints.


Real-time processing constraints entail that non-linear color transforms be implemented using multi-dimensional look-up-tables (LUT). Further, relatively sparse LUTs (with efficient interpolation) are employed in practice because of storage and memory constraints. Much research has been devoted towards optimizing "nodes" (or equivalently partitioning the input color space) of this color LUT based on the curvature of the color transform to be processed through the LUT. Likewise, for a given LUT structure, the optimization of transform output values has been suggested so as to minimize interpolation error in an expected sense even if the values stored in the LUT do not agree with true transform output values. This paper presents a principled algorithmic approach to combine the merits of these two complementary techniques. The error (cost) function does not exhibit joint convexity over the multidimensional variable sets of node locations and corresponding output values which makes this optimization particularly challenging. The paper makes two significant contributions: 1.) for the case of simplex interpolation, a cost function is formulated that exhibits separable convexity in its arguments and enables an efficient alternating convex optimization algorithm, and 2.) in the aforementioned framework, for fixed node outputs, the optimization of node locations is split into a primary and an auxiliary optimization, which greatly improves the quality of the solution over traditional alternatives where node locations are directly optimized. Preliminary experiments show remarkable improvements in color transform accuracy over what is obtained by individually optimizing just the node locations or output values.


Gallons of refilled drinking water usually don't run out in a single use but run out in a few days or even up to 1 to 2 weeks, depending on usage, and stored at room temperature (27-29 °C). Drinking water that is stored for a long time will allow the growth of microorganisms which are influenced by environmental factors, namely temperature conditions and oxygen supply during storage. This affects the pH and total organic content of drinking water. Inspection of the quality of water products according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010, which is a maximum organic matter content of 10 mg/L. According to chemical parameters, drinking water must not contain inorganic and organic substances exceeding the standard with a pH value between 6.5-8.5. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of organic substances in RO (Reverse Osmosis) refill drinking water. This type of research is a laboratory experiment using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the average organic content of refilled drinking water with a storage period of 0 days was 1.839 mg/L, 3 days was 2.57 mg/L, and 6 days was 5.28 mg/L. Thus, the levels of organic substances in drinking water are based on storage time of 0, 3, and 6 days using the spectrophotometric method according to the maximum drinking water quality standard.


The paper mainly concerned with the extraction and activities of soybean isoflavones.On the basis of single element experiments and L9(34) orthogonal experiments,the optimum extraction conditions were obtained: ethanol concentration 80%,solvent to soybean ratio 24∶1,temperature 50 ℃.Free-radical scavenging and anti-microbial activities of soybean isoflavones were analyzed,and the conclusion revealed that soybean isoflavones possessed superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,E.coli and Rhizopus oryzae.


Lane and Ian C. M. MacLennanKenny, Mahmood Khan, Kai-Michael Toellner, Peter J. L.Mohr, Ian R. Henderson, Anthony Scott-Tucker, Sinead M. Adam F. Cunningham, Fabrina Gaspal, Karine Serre, Elodiehttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/10/6200J Immunol€2007; 178:6200-6207; ;Referenceshttp://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/10/6200.full#ref-list-1This article cites 47 articles, 27 of which you can access for free at: Subscriptionshttp://jimmunol.org/subscriptionsInformation about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: Permissionshttp://www.aai.org/ji/copyright.htmlSubmit copyright permission requests at: Email Alertshttp://jimmunol.org/cgi/alerts/etocReceive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at:


Optimizing perfusate for static cold storage is one of the key ways of reducing organ dysfunction and rejection in organ transplantation. Here, we tested the effectiveness of the three different solutions for hypothermic uterus preservation.


High-frame-rate (HFR) video is emerging in popular gaming applications to enhance the smooth experience perceived by end users. However, it is challenging to guarantee the delivery quality of HFR video in mobile cloud gaming scenarios because of the high transmission rate and limited wireless resources. To address this critical problem, we develop a novel transmission scheduling framework dubbed AdaPtive HFR vIdeo Streaming (APHIS). The term adaptive indicates this scheme's capability in dynamically adjusting the video traffic load and forward error correction (FEC) coding. First, we propose an online video frame selection algorithm to minimize the total distortion based on the network status, input video data, and delay constraint. Second, we introduce an unequal FEC coding scheme to provide differentiated protection for Intra (I) and Predicted (P) frames with low-latency cost. The proposed APHIS framework is able to appropriately filter video frames and adjust data protection levels to optimize the quality of HFR video streaming. We conduct extensive emulations in Exata involving HFR video encoded with H.264 codec. Experimental results show that APHIS outperforms the reference transmission schemes in terms of video peak signal-to-noise ratio, end-to-end delay, and goodput. Therefore, we recommend APHIS for delivering HFR video streaming in mobile cloud gaming systems.


ABSTRACT In the paper, daily near-surface wind speed data from 462 stations are used to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the annual and seasonal mean wind speed (MWS) and effective wind energy density (EWED) from 1960 to 2016, through the methods of kriging interpolation, least-squares, correlation coefficient testing, and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The results show that the annual MWS is larger than 3 m s−1 and the EWED is larger than 75 W m−2 in northern China and parts of coastal areas. However, the MWS and EWED values in southern China are all smaller than in northern China. Over the past 50 years, the annual and seasonal MWS in China has shown a significant decreasing trend, with the largest rate of decline in spring for northern China and winter for coastal areas. The annual MWS in some areas of Guangdong has an increasing trend, but it shows little change in southwestern China, South China, and west of Central China. Where the MWS is high, the rate of decline is also high. The main spatial distributions of the annual MWS and the annual EWED show high consistency, with a decreasing trend year by year. The decreasing trend of wind speed and wind energy resources in China is mainly related to global warming and land use/cover change. Graphical abstract Key figure (only for graphical abstract online):


The present invention relates to a combing machine CNC, separated by a servo motor drive rollers, the other servo motor drive pendulum nipper shaft, a third variable-frequency motor, other than the connecting cylinder shaft, respectively, with the toothed belt connecting carrier rollers, delivery roller, pressure roller, and a coiler device draft device; the main encoder mounted on the shaft cylinder, a servo motor with an encoder sub transmitted by the respective encoder pulses to the respective pulse amplifier, input central processor, according to a pre-compiled software, to calculate the number of trimming pulse is obtained by a computer of each motor, only the motor are synchronized with each conductor cylinder motion. Brush gear motor drive frequency may also be used without replacement belt pulley. The machine speed can reach 450-500 nips / min.


The professionalization of teachers has undoubtedly become a top agenda in educational research area.The teachers' development in higher education includes the promotion of professional knowledge and aspirations in the form of the learning,research and social service.Professional aspirations,among other factors(e.g.improvement of professional knowledge or professional capabilities),is one of the key fundamental impetus which influences the teachers' professional development.This paper is to compare the current situation of the teachers' professional development of higher education in China and the parallel studies in this field in UK,and is to generalize an integrated approach that will stimulate professional aspirations and improve the present teachers' professional development in China.


The aim of this research is to investigate how Certified Financial Planner professionals experience the phenomenon of the 'professionalism of financial planners'. The study is to be carried out to provide insight to the international financial planning community in establishing relevant and superior professional standards for Certified Financial Planner (CFP) professionals. This will be a qualitative study using phenomenography as a research methodology to describe the qualitatively different ways in which certified financial planners understand or experience the phenomenon of 'professionalism'. Research participants will be interviewed from Australia, Hong Kong and United States of America and these interviews analysed to reveal the variations in the conceptions of 'professionalism' and the attributes that can be identified from the phenomenographic outcome space to inform financial planners, academics and professional associations of what is required to be a CFP professional.


In order to check hypoglycemic property of Momordica charantia, experiments were conducted in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino mice. The LD50 of STZ was seen to be 650 mg/kg bw. Significant reduction in blood glucose level was seen within 24 hours after administration of ethanolic extract of MC. On administration of subsequent doses of ethanolic extract, significant decrease has also been seen in serum glucose level, creatinine, ALT, AST, AP of STZ induced albino mice. Thus one or other part of MC can be used in lowering down blood glucose level.


Ready-to-eat fried rice with Golek sauce, a traditional food product of Southern Thailand, was developed using a standard recipe. The product, which was sterilized in a retort bowl at 116°C and an F0 value of 5 min, exhibited a slightly decreased L* value, increased a* and b* values, and a trend for an increasing pH. While the protein and carbohydrate content decreased, the fat, ash, moisture content and water activity index all increased. The sterilization process decreased the hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the cooked rice, a main component of the product, whereas the texture parameters of the cooked vegetable protein (TVP) increased. The product exhibited acceptable sensory quality characteristics, and no living microorganisms were detected in the product after 6 months of storage at ambient temperature. These findings indicate that the retort sterilization process does not negatively affect the quality of this food product to a degree that is unacceptable. The viability and manufacturability of a ready-to-eat fried rice with traditional Golek sauce should provide consumers an additional choice of a safe, convenient, and delicious southern food that may be a favorite of many people.


In article are considered a generality and distinction at the system approach to the analysis of a problem of maintenance of electromagnetic compatibility. The short review of the basic design and technological aspects of a problem of maintenance of electromagnetic compatibility is given by working out radioelectronic means


On the basis of analysing for Darwinian processes and irreversible thermodynamic processes in real nature and society evolution, this paper proposes and implements a Darwin and Boltzmann mixed strategy, a new and effective general stochastic approach, for optimization of discrete complex systems which has an extensive theoretical and. applicational background. The results of analyses and evaluations show that the strategy is efficient and superior to simulated annealing algorithm. Undoubtedly, the research works of the paper will provide a new way of analysing and solving for optimization of discrete complex systems.


In this paper, cortical control of virtual cursor was investigated by means of support vector machine (SVM). In SVM, the training inputs of the regression estimation are firing rates of neuronal ensembles in motor and premotor cortex, and the outputs are trajectories of virtual cursors. The regression results prove that the SVM is effective and available for simulation.


Hydrogenated micro-crystalline silicon (muc-Si:H) thin films were deposited by the RF magnetron sputtering system with argon and hydrogen mixture gases. The high-quality muc-Si:H films were successfully produced at 200degC. The dark conductivity of 5.5times10-9 S/cm and two order of magnitude of photosensitivity were obtained with 100% hydrogen sputtering and the absorption coefficients are similar to those of single crystalline silicon. We consider that hydrogen in the sputter gases causes the chemical transport of growth species from targets to substrates. The significant reduction in crystallization temperature and the improvement of film qualities occur probably due to similar reactions to the plasma CVD process


Background Offering free glasses can be important to increase children's wear. We sought to assess whether "Upgrade glasses" could avoid reduced glasses sales when offering free glasses to children in China. Methods In this cluster-randomized, controlled trial, children with uncorrected visual acuity (VA)< = 6/12 in either eye correctable to >6/12 in both eyes at 138 randomly-selected primary schools in 9 counties in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, were randomized by school to one of four groups: glasses prescription only (Control); Free Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $15 Upgrade Glasses; Free Glasses + offer of $30 Upgrade Glasses. Spectacle purchase (main outcome) was assessed 6 months after randomization. Results Among 10,234 children screened, 882 (8.62%, mean age 10.6 years, 45.5% boys) were eligible and randomized: 257 (29.1%) at 37 schools to Control; 253 (28.7%) at 32 schools to Free Glasses; 187 (21.2%) at 31 schools to Free Glasses + $15 Upgrade; and 185 (21.0%) at 27 schools to Free Glasses +$30 Upgrade. Baseline ownership among these children needing glasses was 11.8% (104/882), and 867 (98.3%) children completed follow-up. Glasses purchase was significantly less likely when free glasses were given: Control: 59/250 = 23.6%; Free glasses: 32/252 = 12.7%, P = 0.010. Offering Upgrade Glasses eliminated this difference: Free + $15 Upgrade: 39/183 = 21.3%, multiple regression relative risk (RR) 0.90 (0.56–1.43), P = 0.65; Free + $30 Upgrade: 38/182 = 20.9%, RR 0.91 (0.59, 1.42), P = 0.69. Conclusions Upgrade glasses can prevent reductions in glasses purchase when free spectacles are provided, providing important program income. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02231606. Registered on 31 August 2014.


This thesis describes research done on particle bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two different cities, Yokohama, Japan and Nairobi, Kenya. The main aim of the research was to provide information on levels, profiles and sources of selected PAHs in different areas in both cities. Atmospheric particle air samples in Yokohama, were collected near specific industries, for example motor vehicle assembly, steel, cement and chemical manufacturing plants, power generation, gas processing plant, and municipal waste incineration, where there is little information on PAH profiles. Other areas sampled included traffic area, Yokohama National University and residential area. In Nairobi, the samples were collected in three different areas; traffic, industrial and residential. The samples were stored under freezing conditions until extraction. Extraction was done using Soxtherm machine, cleaned and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In Nairobi, Kenya, principal component analysis showed four significant principal components accounting for 82% of the variance. The first principal component (35%) was associated with fuel burning. The second principal component (27%) was associated with traffic emissions (diesel and gasoline). The other two principal components, which accounted for 12% and 8%, could not be interpreted with certainty. In Yokohama, principal component analysis with varimax rotation for a five-factor solution explained 70% of the variance. Factor 1 explaining 28% of the variance was interpreted as traffic emissions. Factor 2 explaining 20% was associated to industrial activities (power, steel, cement and gas processing plants). Factor 3 and 4 each explaining 10% of the variance were combined and interpreted as municipal waste incineration and domestic fuel burning in residential areas. Factor 5 accounting for 9% could not be interpreted with certainty.


The thicknesses of the crust and elastic lithosphere at Valles Marineris (VM) are constrained using the gravity and topography data sets of Goddard Mars Model-1 (GMM-1). Derived results useful for modeling formation of the rift include bounds on total extension and the minimum heat flow at the time of rifting. Regional crustal thickness lies between 45-60 km, pre-erosional extension between 10-25%, and heat flux is constrained to be > 50 mw/m2. Under slow extension, the crustal thickness and heat flux results are consistent with early distributed faulting (wide rifting) forming the central parallel troughs.


Heat setting is an expensive and energy elaborative textile process. Heat setting is necessary to guarantee size accuracy and dimensional stability for textile materials. Depending on the material different heat setting methods such as saturated steam or hot air are used for the fixation. The research aim is to define the influence of heat setting on mechanical characteristics and to analyse the correlation of heat setting parameters for polyester. With the help of a "one factor at a time" experimental design heat setting parameters are varied. Mechanical characteristics and the material quality of heat set and not heat set material are evaluated to analyse the heat setting influence. In the described experimental design up to a temperature of 195 °C and a dwell time of 30 seconds the material shrinkage of polyester is increasing with increasing temperature and dwell time. Shrinkage in wales direction is higher than in course direction. The tensile strength in course direction stays constant whereas the tensile strength in wales direction can be increased by heat setting.


In PMU-based state estimation, a linear measurement model with phasors of both state variables and measurements expressed in rectangular coordinates has proven efficiency. The rectangular coordinate formulation is also used in optimal PMU placement problem aimed at providing the power system state estimation with the most informative measurements. In this case, it is assumed that the linearity of the measurement model ensures the optimality of the found placement of PMUs for any steady-state operating condition of the power system. The results presented in this paper show that this is not the case.


Consensus clustering has emerged as one of the principal clustering problems in the data mining community. In recent years the theoretical computer science community has generated a number of approximation algorithms for consensus clustering and similar problems. These algorithms run in polynomial time, with performance guaranteed to be at most a certain factor worse than optimal. We investigate the feasibility of the approximation algorithms, in an attempt to link data-mining and theoretical research. On realistic data sets, algorithms with quadratic running times are impractical. Unfortunately these and even worse running times are typical of approximation algorithms. To circumvent this, we sample from the data, run the "slow" algorithms on the sample, and then build a consensus clustering from the seed sample clustering, using a range of techniques. These unsampling techniques are in fact almost as good at creating consensus partitionings as the approximation and data-mining algorithms themselves. We find that one of the latest approximation algorithms is not only fast and effective, but also easy to describe, making it an ideal choice.


Introduction Deep soil mixing (DSM) has been used to improve ground and mitigate liquefaction for many years. The original idea was to bond entire sand particles with each other by uniform mixing of the entire soil with grouting agent. Later, improvements of grid or wall type and columnar type were attempted to decrease the construction costs. In case of grid or wall type the rigidity of the improved grid constrains the shear deformation of sand inside the grid (or between parallel walls), and consequently the generated pore pressure during strong motion is reduced considerably. During the 1995 Kobe earthquake performance of the grid-type mitigation was verified as using this measure, subsoil liquefaction was prevented and an overlying water-front building was protected from seismic damage [1, 2]. Among various DSM improvement types the columnar type was considered less effective than other options in liquefaction mitigation despite its lower installation cost [3]. However, conducting shaking model tests, Yasuda et al. [4] and Tanaka et al. [5] showed that columns can mitigate the onset of liquefaction by constraining the shear deformation of soil. Based on recent studies, changing the configuration of deep mixed soil columns could have positive effects on the behavior of quay walls subjected to liquefied soil pressure [6].This study was carried out to investigate the effects of some important parameters on the performance of soil deep mixing in controlling the lateral spreading of liquefied slope. The effective factors studied herein are pattern of embedded columns and length of improvement.


A survey conducted at the initiation of a parks and recreation department indicated strong satisfaction with a year-old downtown vest-pocket park. The problems noted were few: Traffic flow was the biggest, safety turne out to be of little importance, and planned activities were a source of conflicting feelings. The satisfactions were many: The strongest was simply having a bit of nature in the downtown area. The positive feelings toward the park and the fact that people had a sense of ownership toward it suggest this to be a resource that can enhance people's sense of involvement with their communities.


This study is done in the context of the project titled Interplanetary Laser Tri-lateration Network (ILTN) proposed by \cite{2018P&SS..153..127S} and investigated more in details by \cite{2022P&SS..21405415B} and \cite{2022P&SS..21505423B}. The original idea was to propose interplanetary measurements (in this case between Venus, Mars and the earth) as a way to measure the solar system expansion. But some recent interests on the measurement of asteroid masses and more generally the study of the mass distribution in the outer solar system appear with the ILTN. In this work, we are investigating how different possible configurations of interplanetary measurements of distances can be introduced in planetary ephemeris construction and how they improve our knowledge of planet orbits and other related parameters.


INTRODUCTION To determine if focal bladder neck cautery is effective in reducing bleeding following prostate tissue resection for benign prostatic hyperplasia using Aquablation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Consecutive patients at 11 countries in Asia, Europe and North America who underwent Aquablation for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia between late 2019 and January 2021 were included in the analysis. All patients received post-Aquablation non-resective focal cautery at the bladder neck.

RESULTS
A total of 2,089 consecutive Aquablation procedures were included. Mean prostate size was 87 cc (range 20 cc to 363 cc). Postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion occurred in 17 cases (0.8%, 95% CI 0.5%-1.3%) and take-back to the operating room for fulguration occurred in 12 cases (0.6%, 95% CI 0.3%-1.0%). This result compares favorably (p < .0001) to the previously published hemostasis transfusion rate of 3.9% (31/801) using methods performed in the years 2014 to 2019.

CONCLUSIONS
In prostates sizes averaging 87cc (range 20 cc-363 cc), Aquablation procedures performed with focal bladder neck cautery that required a transfusion postoperatively occurred in a remarkably low number of cases.


By law, since the fall of Soeharto Chinese Indonesians have been recognized as citizens of Indonesia and not been excluded from formal politics. However, in their everyday lifes they still face exclusion. They are still the targets of ridicule, gossip and rumors, as well discussion and body language that indicates displeasure and suspicion. As such, although Chinese Indonesians are recognized as citizens of Indonesia, they are not apprehended. Exclusion is rarely considered, because it occurs discursively in everyday life. Everyday exclusion is often unobservable, as citizenship theory has never discursively analyzed it even though, everyday exclusion impacts participation and representation. Exclusion is always followed by resistance. As such, every day and discursive resistance are very important to analyze.


The international experience on the use of state reserve funds for economic development approves that the infrastructure facilities deficit affects the development of non-energy sectors and holds the economic growth, in spite of the improving investment climate in the country. The effective bankroll investment of Russian Reserve Funds (the Reserve Fund and National Welfare Fund) is the integral part of the active state investment policy which facilitates lifting of the infrastructure restrictions. Generally, the countries establish reserve funds when their budget is highly dependent on market factors and global commodity prices. These funds have two functions. Firstly, the resources could be used to cover the budget deficit at the time of adverse conditions. Secondly, funds allow to accumulate extra export revenues and to prevent the Dutch disease when commodity prices increase. The state reserve fund is a special monetary fund which is used to stabilize the budget during budget revenues decreasing and for state long term purposes. Apart from resolving economic problems, the reserve fund have a political mission to prevent government expenditures growth. Traditionally, it is impossible to reduce quickly government expenditures after the drop in budget income. As a result, this situation entails large budget deficit, nonfulfillment of social obligations and the government debt default in terms of adverse market conditions. It is essential to improve the investment efficiency of the fund's resources for the Russian Reserve Funds (NWF and the Reserve Fund) best practice. The article is devoted to the issue of Russian reserve funds management.


Microstrip transmission lines with periodically etched ground plane perforations act as photonic bandgap structures, and have proven useful in the design of devices and antennas at microwave frequencies. In order to obtain the exact characteristics of the structure, a time consuming full-wave simulation is usually required. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model for structures with rectangular ground plane perforations is proposed. Once initial circuit parameters are established, the model can be used to easily obtain the structure response for different periods and lengths of the etched perforations. The equivalent circuit, full-wave simulation, and measurement results are compared for several structures, showing a good agreement.


The structural and optical properties of two 210 nm thick InAsSbBi epilayers grown on (100) GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy at 400 and 280 °C are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Both samples are free of observable defects. The higher temperature growth results in reduced Bi incorporation, good optical performance, smooth interfaces, and lateral composition modulation of the Bi mole fraction. The lower temperature growth results in near unity Bi incorporation, poor optical performance, interface roughness, and CuPtB -type atomic ordering on the {111}B planes.


This study examined consultants' and consultees' perspectives of itinerant service delivery for students with disabilities in inclusive preschool classrooms. Consultants (i.e., early childhood special education teachers and related service providers) and consultees (lead and assistant preschool teachers) working in inclusive preschool classrooms in a large Mountain West school district completed a survey eliciting their perceptions on consulting, including their definitions of the consulting role and factors they believed to be most important in building successful consulting relationships. Participants' answers to survey questions were analyzed and grouped into themes. There were similarities across both groups when describing the role of consultants, including assumptions that consultants should work directly with students in the classroom. Consultants and consultees also agreed that they have positive relationships with one another and that consultants are effective; however, consultant and consultee survey responses emphasized a need for respect within the consulting relationship. Understanding perceptions of consultative approaches may lead to practices and policies that improve consultative services and potentially lead to improved outcomes for preschool children with disabilities in inclusive settings.


The LCDM standard model, although an excellent parametrization of the present cosmological data, requires two as yet unobserved components, Dark Matter and Dark Energy, for more than 95% of the Universe, and a high level of fine-tuning. Faced to this unsatisfactory situation, we study an unconventional cosmology, the Dirac-Milne universe, a matter-antimatter symmetric cosmology, in which antimatter is supposed to present a negative active gravitational mass. We show that this universe remarkably satisfies the cosmological tests for the age of the Universe, Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis, and Type Ia Supernovae data. Most surprisingly, it also provides the degree scale for the first acoustic peak of the Cosmological Microwave Background. This simple model, without any adjustable parameter or need for Dark Matter or Dark Energy, is a reminder that we should look for simpler and more motivated cosmological models than the present LCDM standard model.


In Morocco, sugar-beet seed production represents a new challenge to meet the main breeding programme goals. The identification of a suitable zone for plant vernalization represents a bottleneck for seed production. This study aimed chiefly at evaluating the vernalization aptitude of 18 sugar beet half-sib progenies. Trials were conducted during three selection cycles in a specifically chosen environment. The experimental site of Merchouch is 40 km south-east of Rabat city. Field trials design is according to an open-pollinated experimental block. Yield components and five phenological traits were recorded during the growing cycle and at the plant maturation. The variance analysis showed a significant effect of the selection cycle on the phenological traits and grain yield. The plant cycle duration increased by 10.7 days between the first and the third selection cycles. According to the principal component analysis and the hierarchical clustering, F2, F5, F6, F9, F10, F11, F14 and F15 half-sib progenies are described as long cycle and high grain yield families. Grain yield reached 257.3 g per plant, the duration to maturity 350.6 days and the germination rate 93%. The three selection cycles and the suitability of the site vernalization conditions are potentially effective for seed production progress. Our results are relevant as they established an adequate site for the sugar beet seed production. The half-sib selection is a valuable method for sugar beet germplasm enhancement. Introduction Sugar beet is considered a major crop for sugar production over the world. Morocco imports 100% of seeds needed for sugar beet cropping and also imports large amounts of sugar annually. Cropping sugar beet in the tropical and subtropical regions is a significant goal (Abou-Elwafa et al., 2006, 2013; Balakrishnan and Selvakumar, 2009). Germplasm enhancement and the establishment of adapted varieties to the Moroccan environments primarily require the identification of vernalization area, and the evaluation of the seed production potential. Sugar beet is a biennial crop that has intraspecific variations in its vernalization requirement (Letschert et al., 1994). During the juvenile stage before vernalization, the metabolism of sugar beet is directed towards sucrose accumulation in the taproot (Oltmanns et al., 2006). For seed production, an overwintering period of cold between 4 and 7 °C (vernalization) is required for the root bolting at the second growing season and for the initiation of the reproductive stage (Smith, 1987; Letschert, 1993). Selection among half-sib families (HSFs) is the adopted method in sugar beet germplasm enhancement. After each progeny test evaluation, the best families are intercrossed to establish a new improved population (Bosemark, 1993). With the family selection approach, loss of vigour is imminent because of the inbreeding effect (McFarlane, 1971; Panella, 1998). Open pollination between different performing individuals belonging to different HSFs is of great interest to the breeding programmes. Selection among HSFs is an important and efficient method since there are more genotypic variability and higher germplasm enhancement involved. This approach is based on oriented selection at the individual genotype level. The open-pollinated population resulted from the pollen flow between performing individuals influence positively the potential of the offspring population. Selection among the HSFs provides a source of potential parents that lead to improved populations. Effective control of bolting and flowering is essential for both the cultivation and breeding of sugar beet crops (Mutasa-Göttgens et al., 2010). Synchronization of flowering induction of improved population serves to maximize the yield. For reproduction, Beta vulgaris is an obligate outbreeding crop with a complex selfincompatibility system (Maletsky and Weisman, 1978); its pollen is easily transported by wind, and to some extent by insects too (Down and Lavis, 1930; Archimowitsch, 1949; Free et al., 1975). In comparison with other crop species, sugar beet seed quality is a crucial factor that influences significantly cropping and economic achievement. The genotype and the growing environment have a significant effect on seed stalk expansion as well as on yield and seed quality (Jagosz, 2015). To contribute to the sugar beet cropping extension and to the sugar national self-sufficiency, INRA-Morocco initiates a breeding programme to enhance its germplasm in the local environment. The maternal pedigree selection method has been adopted; it is based initially on developing enhanced germplasm adapted to the local conditions for the plant vernalization and seeds' production, followed by a progeny test for root and sugar yield traits. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the progress of seed production and plant cycle duration for 18 selected sugar beet HSFs under local environmental conditions for three cropping cycles. Materials and methods Plant material The sugar beet plant material used in this study was developed by breeders and developers of the USDA-ARS programmes. It is a diversified sugar beet germplasm developed through crosses between five accessions (PI 651015, PI 651016, PI 658059, PI 658061 and PI 658062), and used to test its adaptation, seed production potential in the Moroccan environment and to enhance its variability. The 18 studied families were selected among the segregating progenies. The main selection traits were seed production and root and sugar yield, self-sterility, germy level, hypocotyl colour and resistance to rhizomania strains. The respective progenies of eighteen sugar beet HSFs were evaluated for three selection cycles (C1, C2 and C3) in 2012/13, 2014/15 and 2016/17 campaigns (Table 1). For each selection cycle, 10–20 seeds per HSF were planted to evaluate the traits' progress. After each selection cycle, the seeds of the performing plants have constituted the half-sib progenies for the next cycle. The half-sib progenies were replicated in the field by open pollination between the selected individuals belonging to 18 HSFs and planted randomly in the experimental plot. Sugar beet is an allogamous species; therefore, the parents breeding values are key factors for the population breeding improvement. Valuable individuals for the intended selection criteria constitute potential parents for the next selection cycle. The number of selected progenies per HSF was based on the selection criterion, as the vernalization induction, bolting behaviour, cycle length, diseases resistance and yield components. Considering that for roots production, plants have an adequate sugar and root yield spending a period of about 180–230 days in the field. The bolting before this period is undesirable; it negatively influences the productivity because the plant uses sugar root reserves for the reproductive stage. Therefore, every selection cycle starts with a pre-selection by removing early bolting individuals (before 220 days). Low vigour plants discard naturally since they don't achieve their reproduction stage. After the remained plants harvest, the quality of the seed and the frontward behaviour of half-sib progenies help to select individuals for the next selection cycle. Selected individuals must meet all the main selection criteria (Table 2). The frequency of the selected individuals after each trial is variable depending on the HSF and the selection cycle. This variability depends mainly on the response to vernalization and the elimination of plants that showed an early bolting tendency. The frequency of selected individuals is increased through the selection cycles with a value of 13.9% for the first selection cycle, 34.7% for the second selection cycle and 43.3% for the third selection cycle. Site of trials The seed production trials were conducted at INRA-Morocco Merchouch experimental station at 40 km south-east of Rabat. The site is at a latitude of 33°60′41N, a longitude of 6°71′60W and a 339 m elevation. Average minimum and maximum temperatures are, respectively, 4.3 and 32.9 °C and annual rainfall is 449 mm. Merchouch climate conditions were quite appropriate to induce plant bolting and seed production of the half-sib sugar beet tested families. Vernalization refers to the plant's requirement of low temperatures before the rosette stage for the induction of flowering (Salimi and Boelt, 2019). The 0–15 °C range and 5–20 week period of low temperature, have an important role in the extent of vernalization (Durrant et al., 1993; Sadeghian and Johansson, 1993; Abou-Elwafa et al., 2006; Kockelmann et al., 2010; Mutasa-Göttgens et al., 2010). Methods and techniques Seed germination was carried out in alveolar plates of 25 cm. Indirect sowing allows selection for plant vigour before transplantation in the soil. The sowing was carried out 2 months later, in September, the transplantation in November of the same year. Genotypes were planted according to a polycross open-pollinated design with 1 m spacing between plants. Irrigation was provided on a regular basis as needed to avoid water stress. At maturity, genotypes were harvested separately. Measurements and data collection Evaluated parameters gathered around the phenological stages (expressed in day), such as the number of days to bolting (NdB), number of days to flowering (NdF), flowering period duration (DF), number of days to maturity (NdM) and maturity duration (DM). Yield components that were measured in grams, were grain yield per plant (GY), and one thousand glomeruli weight (TKW). The multigermy ratio (RMg), which is related to the type of glomerulus, was classified according to three categories; class 1 has more bigerm glomerulus, class 2 has mainly trigerm glomerulus and class 3 presents glomerulus with more than three seeds. The germination rate (Gr) was evaluated to test the quality of seeds harvested on the HSFs. The Gr was presented as a value between 0 and


Most readers of medical journals are aware of articles in which the number of authors appears to be excessive. This "creeping authorship" may be of little concern to some, but to others this apparent gratuitous naming of coauthors is bothersome because it devalues the contributions of those who really did the work, diffuses the accountability of the investigators, and lessens the credibility of the paper. In most instances, it is not that authors wish to be improperly cited; rather, the majority are unaware of reasonable criteria for authorship. It is important therefore for the American Journal of Neuroradiology to set forth an understanding of what it means to be an author. First, we should consider why excessive authorship exists. The explanations range from the most benign reasons, such as trying to help or give recognition to a colleague, to more insidious reasons, such as a junior author's feeling an obligation to name or, worse, being intimidated into naming a senior colleague as coauthor. Whether it is the former "nice guy" situation or the latter arm-twisting coercion (subtle or otherwise), any primary author should resist honorific naming of authors. The AJNR's revised guidelines for authors includes a section on what it means to be an author. For a regular scientific paper, the basic criteria are that each author has (a) had a major input into the conceptualization and design of the study, (b) analyzed and interpreted the data, (c) assisted in the writing of the original paper and all of its subsequent revisions, and (d) taken responsibility for the accuracy, content, and originality of the paper. For a report describing a few patients (ie, a case report), the basic concept of close involvement in all phases of data gathering, image interpretation, and manuscript preparation is required. Occasionally, there are gray zones for authorship, such as when a statistician helped design the study and rendered the statistical analysis. In such instances, the Journal will rely on the judgment of the primary author. We emphasize that simply thinking of the project or supplying the cases or images or letting the principal author know the existence of one or more similar cases is insufficient justification for authorship. If the above criteria were applied to all submitted papers, the number of coauthors would drop significantly. Although academic advancement is most strongly linked with publication in peer-reviewed journals, university committees on promotion are well aware of suspect authorship and in increasing numbers they are asking for details of an author's input in each cited paper. Therefore, it is wise for a principal author, at the beginning of an investigation, to set criteria for authorship and the order in which the authors will be cited. Acknowledgments at the end of the paper should be used to recognize those who do not qualify for authorship but who made special intellectual or technical contributions to the paper. In the upcoming years, the editors of the AJNR will seek to discourage gratuitous authorship and may, when the number of authors seems excessive, request the principal author to explain in detail the contribution of each coauthor. Contributors to the AJNR are asked to apply proper guidelines for authorship and acknowledgments as they design and write their papers.


The plot of the Viceroys is massively interwoven by an extraordinary discourse concerning law which, combined with the historical, political, economic, religious and the emotional codes, involves the juridical code, in the strict sense of the word. The latter, in turn, still remains inscribed in a feudal structure. Although the historical-familiar events told take place around the mid-nineteenth century Bourbon Sicily, the age is yet marked by the abolition of some meaningful institutions of the old law such as, among others, the fideicommissum. In order to settle their hereditary, testamentary, matrimonial and estate caste issues, the noble Uzedas continue to rely on that old feudal law, at least formally. Actually, they do nothing but circumvent or even break it. Once the new Savoy regulations have become effective, they do not despise however to exploit a noble of the robe, and acquired by marriage, lawyer Benedetto Giulente's advice in order to legally cope with their suspicious transactions. Next to the laical regulations of the law, the novel also describes, in an irreverent and outrageous way, what remains of the Benedictine Rule in an age of «plenty» about to the end, in consequence of the new Piedmont law which states the abolition of religious orders. Anyway, what sort of law, ethically speaking, does the novel actually convey, despite the positive juridical orders stemming from it? As a matter of fact, it is an archaic and dreadful maternal law, a 'law-lawless', incessantly brought up, as this analysis tries to point out accurately together with the positive law procedures coming out from the narrative.


As an overview of the computer graphics revolution, this tutorial shows the reader the process of creating computer art from idea to final product. Step-by-step instructions coupled with visually exciting examples make it easy for the reader to grasp the basics.-- Discusses the fundamental theories of computer graphics-- Includes real-world applications and examples of computer-generated art, both for ideas and implementation-- Disk features all the images from the book the reader can view and use


This paper touches briefly on some of the highlights of Langley's work in automated space construction. It shows that space trusses similar to those likely to be used on the Space Station can be assembled in one G with an unmodified, teleoperated manipulator system regularly used in nuclear processing applications.


The arc magmatism and volcanic activity in Java are dominated by the subducting plate of Indo-Australian into the Eurasian plate. Merapi volcano is located in Central Java and known as one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Several studies have tried to estimate the magma reservoir zone in Mt. Merapi and suggested multiple layers of reservoirs with the shallow one at 1-2 km and a deeper at 6 -9 km or 15 km. The Low-Frequency Passive Seismic is one method to analyze the frequency spectrum below the recording station. Previous related studies show a promising a relation between hydrocarbon reservoir and higher amplitude at vertical component at a frequency between 0.1 – 6 Hz. An observation at the volcano sites have also been reported to display a different spectrum amplitude at the vertical component. This study exploited the same method in LFPS to analyze the frequency spectrum at Mt. Merapi and Mt. Merbabu. We use seismic data from the DOMERAPI temporary seismic network installed in the neighborhood of Merapi and Merbabu volcano. We analyze 53 broad-band seismometers data from October 2013 to mid-April 2015. We also add several stations from MERAMEX network instruments to compare spectrum analysis outside the Merapi and Merbabu volcano. We also removed some tele-seismic and regional events from the data to better analyze the LFPS signal. We have seen a higher amplitude in vertical component near Mt. Merapi and will proceed to analyze all stations.


Background: Febrile thrombocytopenia is platelet count <1,50,000/mm3 associated with fever irrespective of age and gender. There is an increasing trend in the incidence of febrile thrombocytopenia with varied etiology. Though infections are the most common cause in tropical countries like India, sometimes non-infectious conditions like primary haematological disorders and malignancies can also present as febrile thrombocytopenia. Hence it is essential for the treating physicians to be fully aware of etiological factors for febrile thrombocytopenia and how to approach to the condition.
Methods: A hospital based observational study done at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences during the study period October 2020 to December 2021 by collecting and analysing details of 100 patients between 1 month-12 years of age who presented with fever and thrombocytopenia at admission. Patients on drugs causing thrombocytopenia were excluded from the study.
Results: Majority of the cases (51%) belonged to the age group of 1-6 years. Out of 100 subjects, 60% of them had dengue fever, 12% of cases had malaria and 10% of cases had enteric fever. Bleeding manifestations were seen in 12% of cases and blood product transfusion was done in 30% of the cases. 98% of cases had recovered and 2 deaths were reported.
Conclusions: Febrile thrombocytopenia is a common clinical presentation in children. Majority of the dengue cases responded well to treatment given as per WHO guidelines. In most of the other infections, thrombocytopenia was transient and asymptomatic with lesser severity and resolved with the treatment of underlying condition.


The aim of the present study was to explore students' learning-related cognitions prior to an in-class achievement test, with a focus on metacognitive strategy use. A sample of 70 students in grade 11 (58.6% female, years) completed a series of structured, state-based measures over a two-week period via the experience sampling method until the day before a class test. Results illustrated students' self-regulatory ability to preserve their motivational and cognitive resources, with test-related cognitions evidenced significantly more often in learning-related as opposed leisure settings. Metacognitive strategy use was also found to significantly increase as the test date approached underscoring the goal-oriented nature of situated learning behaviors. Higher intercepts and increases in frequency of test-related cognitions over time positively corresponded to test performance. Of the three metacognitive strategies assessed, monitoring was found to positively correspond with test performance. Implications for future practice as well as implications for future research employing the experience sampling method are discussed.


The location and fine adjustment of the center frequency as well as the fine adjustment of power in a resonance loop remain a challenge in the field of voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) design. Firstly, when the conditions of stable oscillation and the VOC with certain types of tuning bandwidth are met, the appropriate circuit configuration needs to be identified. Specifically, in the circuit topology of the oscillator, the varactor-centered reactance compensation network should be connected to the base of the transistor in order to serve as a tuned network, with the output of the emitter followed. By using simulation analyses, the feedback between the electrodes is then achieved by terminating a section of open-circuit microstrip line to the collector. Moreover, the adjustment and variation of the feedback quantity between the electrodes, as well as the variation and fine adjustments of power and frequency are observed during the simulation process. As a result, several issues related to the location and adjustment of the parameters and center frequency in designing a complicated VCO circuit have been effectively settled. Keywords-voltage-controlled oscillator; s-parameter; tuning sensitivity


. Rheological behaviour of model blends (shortenings) prepared from liquid soybean oil, completely hardened cottonseed oil and glycerol monostearate was evaluated using the coaxial cylinders or the plate and cone system of the Rotovisko Viscometer. Initial and residual yield points, plastic (Bingham) viscosities, shapes and areas of hysteresis loops, and rates of recovery during rest and after shear were determined. There was almost linear intercorrelation between the yield points and the other rheological parameters, including the relative shear thinning. The determined rheological properties were correlated to the amount of total solid glycerides in the blend. It was shown that pumpability of shortenings could be evaluated from selected rheological properties.


The properties of nuclei embedded in an electron gas are studied within the relativistic mean‐field approach. These studies are relevant for nuclear properties in astrophysical environments such as neutron‐star crusts and supernova explosions. The electron gas is treated as a constant background in the Wigner‐Seitz cell approximation. We investigate the stability of nuclei with respect to α and β decay. We find that the presence of the electrons leads to stabilizing effects for α decay at high electron densities. Furthermore, the screening effect shifts the proton dripline to more proton‐rich nuclei, and the stability line with respect to β‐decay is shifted to more neutron‐rich nuclei. Implications for the creation and survival of very heavy nuclear systems are discussed.


When the Devil Knocks: The Congo Tradition and the Politics of Blackness in Twentieth-Century Panama. By Renee Alexander Craft. (Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2015. Pp. xiv + 240, acknowledgments, prologue, photographs, illustrations, notes, references, index. $69.95 cloth, $27.95 paper, $14.95 CD.)When the Devil Knocks is a performance-centered ethnography that focuses on the ways in which Afro-Panamanians in Portobelo (province of Colon, Panama) understand and define their cultural performances, and particularly, the most visible practices of the Congo Carnival. The Congo tradition is the practice of the Afro-descended community of Portobelo carried out during Carnival. The tradition enacts and celebrates the resistance to Spanish enslavement by cimarrones (maroons), formerly enslaved Africans who escaped from slavery in the Americas to form independent communities. As a point of departure to interpret this tradition, the book studies the politics of blackness in Panama, a nation that has grappled with its racial and ethnic identities since its formation in 1903.The book is divided into five chapters, with a prologue, introduction, and an epilogue. The introduction addresses the theoretical approach taken by Craft, who uses dialogical performance and co-performance as the theoretical grounding of her research. She created several performances (one ensemble, one solo, and three installations) during her fi eldwork, utilizing them as complements to more traditional scholarly research. As a participant in Congo Carnival tradition (as member of the chorus, dancer, and audience member), Craft combines these multiple performance roles with formal and informal interviews, oral histories, and archival research.Chapter One examines the relationship between Afr°Colonials-the term commonly used to refer to the descendants of the populations that were brought to Panama as slaves in the 17th century-and Afro-Antilleans or West Indians, who migrated involuntarily or voluntarily to Panama from the Antilles to work on various projects in the 19th century. The chapter discusses the ways in which these distinct groups are merged into the category "Afro-Panameno" in today's racial and ethnic politics.Chapter Two studies the Congo traditions of Congo Carnival as cultural and ritual performance for local audiences. The author offers a complex portrait of the primary characters of the tradition: Devil, Queen, King, and Pajarito. Chapter Three analyzes Congo performance as a site of empowerment, subversion, and cultural preservation through the character El Diablo Mayor (Major Devil), focusing on performances for circum-local audiences. …


To realize full sharing,exploration and matching of manufacturing resource and to provide optimal cloud service under cloud manufacturing,technologies of resource modeling and clustering were introduced into the stage of virtual resource pool construction and a framework concerning virtual resource modeling and optimization method was proposed.A bilayer model based on XML data and OWL semantic was employed to describe virtual resource modeling and digitalization of cloud pool.Based on cost,efficiency,quality and credit of service,a mathematical multi-objective optimization model was constructed.The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem,and a Pareto optimal solution was obtained to form instantiated virtual manufacturing cell.An instance from manufacturing practice was used to demonstrate that the proposed framework could improve the sharing,exploration and matching performance of cloud pool's virtual resource efficiently.Its validity in engineering application was also verified.


Changes recently occurred in contemporary societies are transforming the forms of citizens' participation in the public sphere, challenging institutional participation initiatives promoted by various governments over the past decade. It is quite necessary to evaluate these initiatives to ensure its functionality in this new scenario. In this context, this article proposes different criteria and participation assessment instruments in order to apply them into a concrete experience: the participatory process on forest management carried out in Muntanya de Sant Miquel in Setcases (Cataluna). At the same time, the article reflects on what are the best ways and conditions to promote effective participation, focusing its attention on the debate on the 'temperature' of deliberation. We conclude that it is extremely difficult to combine hot and cold deliberation. However, this may be the best solution when the participatory topic addresses high conflict of interests between stakeholders and, at the same time, requires to be addressed from the logic of collective interest because it affects the whole community.


Walkability index is an assessment of pedestrians through the physical condition of a sidewalk facility. Sukaramai Plaza is located in the CBD (Central Business District) Area of Pekanbaru City. This area has become an attractions for the people of Pekanbaru and other areas. As for the movement that occurs not only the movement of vehicles in the lane of vehicles, but also pedestrians. Evaluation of pedestrian paths is needed to provide an input regarding the comfortability for pedestrian.  This study aims to evaluate the sidewalk in the Sukaramai Plaza area on Jalan Sudirman, Pekanbaru. Sidewalk in this area is divided by 4 segments. The parameters used are the physical condition for pedestrians about 9 parameters of the physical condition of the sidewalk for each segment. The results showed that sidewalk has a walkability score in the range of 50-70 which is a good enough category to walk. In addition, the results of this study also showed that the presence of a shop window above the sidewalk making difficult for pedestrian. Therefore, the results will contribute primarily to the pedestrian pathway provider and the government as a regulator to improve pedestrian facilities, especially in the city of Pekanbaru.


The rate of network packets encapsulating requests from clients can significantly affect the utilization, and thus performance and sleep states of processors in servers deploying a power management policy. To improve energy efficiency, servers may adopt an aggressive power management policy that frequently transitions a processor to a low-performance or sleep state at a low utilization. However, such servers may not respond to a sudden increase in the rate of requests from clients early enough due to a considerable performance penalty of transitioning a processor from a sleep or low-performance state to a high-performance state. This in turn entails violations of a service level agreement (SLA), discourages server operators from deploying an aggressive power management policy, and thus wastes energy during low-utilization periods. For both fast response time and high energy-efficiency, we propose NCAP, Network-driven, packet Context-Aware Power management for client-server architecture. NCAP enhances a network interface card (NIC) and its driver such that it can examine received and transmitted network packets, determine the rate of network packets containing latency-critical requests, and proactively transition a processor to an appropriate performance or sleep state. To demonstrate the efficacy, we evaluate on-line data-intensive (OLDI) applications and show that a server deploying NCAP consumes 37~61% lower processor energy than a baseline server while satisfying a given SLA at various load levels.


This paper considered optimization method of appending a shape on a disc in an attempt to improve core functions, which are inherent in flow characteristics. The paper also verifies the optimization method of appendage shape with a Class 150 200A Butterfly valve. Then the design of experiment (DOE) with an orthogonal array is performed to analyze the effect of form parameters by grey relational analysis and analysis of mean (ANOM). And this study sets flow coefficient as an object functions for optimization, and the conventional disc model and the optimal appendage shape on disc model are compared by computational fluid analysis. The paper concludes that an optimal appendage shape on disc model achieves wider usability by a wider operating range.


The quality of environment as a value in consumer's society and its ecological, economic and cultural- educative dimensions are discussed in the paper. The quality of environment in the consumer's society is universal and not a single man's worth, because it is related with the society and its future. The economic and cultural state of the society mainly depends on the quality of the environment. But the quality of the environment in the market conditions has its own value – it should be paid for it. This arises tension among business efforts to monitor ecological values and the rights of the citizens for the qualitative environment which is an expression of the born right for a secure space of existence. The quality of environment is defined by three dimensions – ecological, economic and cultural-educative. Though these dimensions are interdependent, they also express different worth aspects. The ecological worth of environment quality lies in how unblemished and unique functioning of ecosystem is secured. Economic worth is how effectively this environment is used, what services for a visitor it can offer, mostly needed for cognition of objects of nature and for the acquisition of new experiences. Cultural-educative worth is defined by three essential things. Firstly, the objects of nature are related with significant historical events and become valuable in the society as having not only aesthetic, but also spiritual and historical value. In this way, the natural environment acquires an educative value. Secondly, it is the institutional environment of the security of the objects of nature. The more effectively the institution of environment protection functions, the more ecological, cultural and economic worth of it, as an institution is growing up. Thirdly, the educative preparation of the citizens is very important. Highly ecologically educated citizen will give cultural worth priority for the quality of living environment. The institutions of a democratic government are oriented that the quality of environment would not be only declarative, but also become a priority and public interest. In this case a support would be given to the educational institutions and a favorable psychological medium would be formed for the youth's valu-able standpoint towards the quality of the environment.


In the City of Odense we have plenty of water issues, but we do not have any real "burning platforms" that can turn the focus of our politicians and other relevant people in our direction. We experience pressure from all sides: Annual mean precipitation have increased 100 mm (15%) during the last 140 year. Extreme rains occur more often and they are becoming more intense. Surface runoff causing flooding in streams and rivers or from storm surges in the fjord area. Sometimes both occur at the same time. Rising groundwater level caused by increased recharge, diminishing needs for potable water / lesser water abstraction and by reducing the amount of excessive waters, e.g by restoring leaky sewers, which hereby stop acting as drains. In this article, we will highlight some of the issues we encounter as seen from two different parties with their own points of view. On one side there is the municipal authority and on the other the water and wastewater company. One of the greater issues during the last several decades is the rising groundwater level beneath the city. The quality of this groundwater is also slowly deteriorating. This is of growing concern for both parties. The cause of these problems stem from many different activities that either interact or counteract each other. They can be divided into natural conditions and those caused by human activities. Examples of natural conditions are geology, geography, climate and relief difficulties. The human activities are urban development, exploitation of resources (groundwater abstraction, gravel excavation, drainage), infiltration, SUDS. One of the key elements is that the natural conditions and the human activities often act in conjunction, causing greater problems rather than less problems. The rapid and expanding urbanization during the 20th century, have forced a deployment of well fields from early urban locations to more rural locations. This have affected the groundwater level beneath the city, so it is significantly higher today. Urbanization also affects the natural water cycle by increasing and accelerating the surface runoff, which puts further strain on the older joint sewage system under the central parts of the city, causing local flooding during heavy rains. When you consider the predicted climate changes in the future with increased intensity and volumes of water, these problems will only become worse. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +45 63 13 23 27. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com We believe that the solution to many of these problems are a greater awareness because when interfering with the natural water cycle, will cause a wide array of consequences. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the gap between two different worlds the 2 Laursen et al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2017) 000–000 underground specialists on one side and the surface planners, decision makers and politicians on the other. There is a strong need for positive interaction and sharing of knowledge between all involved parties. It is important to acknowledge the given natural conditions and work closely together to develop a smarter city, preventing one solution causing even greater problems for other parties. Keyword: Abstraction; groundwater; climate change; city planning; exponential growth; excessive water


The care of an elder or disabled patient, it is always a hard load for any person who meets submitted to the above mentioned task and is frequent that in some moment the keeper feels unable to confront it, since he compromises her well-being, and even his your health. It might be said that the keeper is a "secret" or "unknown" patient who would need specify a precocious diagnosis of her disease and an immediate intervention, before the deterioration it coud not change. The stress of the keeper is considered to be a consequence of a process that includes series of interrelated variables, which include the socioeconomic level and the primary and secondary resources of the keeper, as well as the reasons of stress to that they are exposed.


A removable cartridge (210) (300) extends around an expandable stent graft to an expandable stent graft towards the collapsed configuration constraints. Using a coupling member (230) to the sleeve can be held together toward the expansion device in the collapsed configuration constraints for endoluminal delivery into a blood vessel to a treatment site. By coupling member away from the sleeve may be displaced to allow the expansion device expands outwardly toward the open sleeve expanded configuration. The expandable sleeve and a separate device, in order to remove from the treatment site after the expandable device is deployed.


The objective of this study is to determine the factors that encourage private taxpayers to tax fraud. These factors include attitude of non-compliance with tax, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and religiosity. Sampling this study using purposive sampling technique. The criteria used is taxpayer who has to have NPWP, thus totaling 52 sample analyzed samples. This study uses survey data collection  technique whether made directly or through the internet. Hypothesis testing is done by  multiple regression analysis. This study obtained results the intention to tax fraud is  effect by subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, but an attitude of noncompliance with tax and religiosity does nor effect the intention tax fraud.


It is generally believed that free trade plays a vital role in stabilizing food supplies and food prices since abundant foods stocks in some countries coexist with shortages in some others. Contemporary global trade system, however, is becoming increasingly distorted by unfair and inefficient policies in many countries, creating both winners and losers among not only small developing economies, but also largest producers of food and agricultural products. One of the recent examples of such distortion is US-China trade tensions and potential tariff escalations where the agricultural sector is the most vulnerable. By raising import tariffs on food and agricultural products in response to protectionist policies, the countries may face a situation of rising prices for consumers, limited market access for producers, and increasing pressures on food security. In this chapter, the author develops the theme of the effects of globalized agricultural trade on food security with a critical focus on the importance of balancing trade liberalization and protectionism.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among gender, information-seeking styles, and high risk behavior in Korean adults. Methods: A survey utilizing a structured questionnaire was used to examine the relationships of the study variables. Eight hundred fifty six adults were recruited and this group consisted of 403 females and 453 males. Information seeking style and high risk behavior were measured by Miller Behavioral Style Scale revised by Zurren and Wolfs, and High Risk Behaviors checklist developed by Lee, respectively. Results: Differences between gender were significant in information-seeking styles and high risk behavior. Monitoring and blunting scores were both higher in female than male, and high risk behavior was higher in males than females. The blunting style was positively related to high-risk behavior and the monitoring style was negatively related to high risk behavior. Conclusion: To intervene with high risk behavior effectively, individual differences such as gender and information seeking style should be considered. In addition, the research about well-designed health information support is needed in the future.