Anaerobic infections in PD patients are relatively rare mostly encountered during PD peritonitis and are not always apparent with abdominal conditions. In the present study we analyzed PD patients who developed anaerobic peritonitis. The study is based on the analysis of our data base over a period running 16 years. The sample size was of 402 ESRD patients on CAPD. We retrospectively identified 42 anaerobic PD peritonitis episodes, examined demographic features, spectrum of anaerobes and its outcome based on gender. We analyzed 42 episodes of PD associated anaerobic peritonitis which include 36 patients of single episodes while 6 patients showed 2 episodes of anaerobic peritonitis. Our 16 years observation revealed 63.9% females are more susceptible to PD associated anaerobic peritonitis as compared to 36.1% of males. Statistically significant and strong association was found between gender and anaerobes with p value of 0.05. Impact of anaerobes and outcome was analyzed separately in both the genders and was found significant in case of females with p value of 0.35. We also observed loss of life was more frequent in males (53.8%) while high cure rate was noticed in females (30.4%). The study reveals that in case of females the risk of PD associated anaerobic peritonitis is much higher as compared to males and more over it may go alone without any abdominal events with a worse outcome in males.


Patterned leaf springs made of a beryllium bronze sheet are the key components of certain micro/nano contact probes. The accuracy of the probe is determined based on the precision of the formed pattern. However, a traditional manufacturing method using wire-electrode discharge machining (wire-EDM) is subject to poor tolerance at the sharp edges and corners. In addition, high energy consumption and costs are incurred for complex patterns. This paper presents a new chemical etching method for the manufacturing of a patterned leaf spring with high precision. Both the principle and process are introduced. Taguchi experiments were designed and conducted and the optimal process parameters were obtained based on the mean value and a variance analysis. Four V-shaped and some other complex patterned leaf springs were successfully fabricated. Comparison experiments concerning the characteristic parameters of the leaf spring were also conducted. The experimental results reveal that the patterned leaf springs manufactured through this method are much better than those achieved using wire-EDM. This manufacturing method can be used to fabricate different high-precision patterned leaf springs or membranes for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) probes and other measuring equipment.


This study examine the impact of leverage on the dividend policy of listed consumers' goods firms in Nigeria. The study covers a period of ten years from 2007 to 2016. Secondary source of data was used. Panel multiple regression techniques was used to analysis the data.  The study made use of ex-post facto research design. Sample of seventeen (17) listed consumers' goods firms was used.  Two formulated research hypotheses were achieved after tested. The findings from this study shows that total debt ratio and long-term debt ratio has negative and significant impact on the dividend policy of listed consumers goods firms in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it therefore, concludes that leverage has significant negative impact on the dividend policy of listed consumers goods firms in Nigeria. It is therefore, recommended that Managers should employ financial leverage in a way that enhances value for their company owners, that is, leading to an increase in returns to equity holders. Debt financing in the financial mix of the firm should be done at the optimal level so as toensure appropriate utilization of the firms' assets.


Production data from most fractured-horizontal wells in gas and liquid-rich unconventional reservoirs plot as straight lines with a one half slope on a log-log plot of rate versus time. This production signature (half slope) is identical to that expected from a one-dimensional linear flow from reservoir matrix to the fracture face, when production occurs at constant-bottomhole pressure. In addition, microseismic data obtained around these fractured wells suggest that an area of enhanced permeability is developed around the horizontal well, and outside this region is an undisturbed part of the reservoir with low permeability. Based on these observations geoscientists have, in general, adopted the conceptual double-porosity model in modeling production from fractured horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs. The analytical solution to this mathematical model exists in Laplace space but it cannot be inverted back to real-time space without using a numerical inversion algorithm. We present a new approximate analytical solution to the double-porosity model in real-time space and its use in modeling and forecasting production from unconventional-oil reservoirs. The first step in developing the approximate solution was to convert the systems of partial differential equations for the dual-porosity model into a system of ordinary-differential equations. After which we developed a function that gives the relationship between the average pressures in the high-and the low-permeability regions. Using this relationship, the system of ordinary differential equations was solved and used to obtain a rate/time function that can be used to predict oil production from unconventional reservoirs. The approximate solution was validated with numerical reservoir simulation. We then performed a sensitivity analysis on the model parameters to understand how the model behaves. Once the model was validated and tested, we applied it to field production data by partially history matching and forecasting the expected ultimate recovery. The rate/time function fits production data and also yields realistic estimates of ultimate oil recovery. We also investigated the existence of any correlation between the model-derived parameters and available reservoir and well completion parameters. Introduction Many studies have been published that focus on the solution of the double porosity model for flow in hydraulically fractured horizontal wells. Barenblatt and Zheltov (1960) presented the first formulation of the double-porosity model. Warren and Root (1962) presented the first application of the double-porosity model to flow problems in the petroleum industry. Since then many authors (de Swaan, 1976; Mayerhofer, 2006; Carlson and Mercer, 1989; El-Banbi, 1998; Ozkan et al., 1987) have presented applications of the model. All the analytical solutions presented have all been in Laplace space and have had to be numerically transformed to real time space using some form of inversion algorithm of which the Stehfest algorithm (Stehfest 1970) is the most popular. More recently, Bello and Wattenbarger (2008) presented the solution to the double porosity model for linear flow in which they were able to obtain closed form analytical solutions for certain ranges of time. To do this they broke their Laplace space solution in to smaller bits using special properties of the solution which they could invert to real-time space. This piece-wise solution would have to be applied sequentially. Samandarli et al. (2011) presented the application of this solution to history matching and forecasting the performance of shale gas wells. Song (2014) presented a finite-difference solution to this problem and its application to oil production from hydraulically fractured wells. In this study, we present an approximate analytical solution to the double-porosity model in real-time space that is valid across all time domains, that is, it is a continuous function that is valid during the transient and late time flow from the fracture and matrix. We validate our solution against numerical simulation and also show that our solution reproduces the production behavior obtained from the inverted Laplace space solution. We also present example applications of our solution to field data.


The research objective is to obtain and ground the quantitative characteristics of the impact of science and business on the results of innovation activity of the Russian Federation subjects.


It is generally accepted that the blood-deficiency heart attack,one of the commonly encountered diseases among the senior patients,is caused by coronary sclerosis,blood obstructon,myocardial ischemia,and the oxygen deficit,it is harmful to the health of the patients.Zheng Zhidao,an experienced doctor in Yi medicine,has practiced medicine for more than forty years and developed a new capsule named "Yixinkang",which is particularly effective against myocardial ischemia,heart collateral circulation,chest suffocation,and chest pain.As one of his followers,the present author examines his clinical experience and finds that his treatment to the blood-deficiency heart attack distinguishes from Western medicine as well as traditional Chinese medicine.In order to introduce and popularize the effective treatment,Zheng`s treatment will be systematized in this paper.


This deep, extended solar minimum and the slow start to Cycle 24 strongly suggest that Cycle 24 will be a small cycle. A wide array of solar cycle prediction techniques have been applied to predicting the amplitude of Cycle 24 with widely different results. Current conditions and new observations indicate that some highly regarded techniques now appear to have doubtful utility. Geomagnetic precursors have been reliable in the past and can be tested with 12 cycles of data. Of the three primary geomagnetic precursors only one (the minimum level of geomagnetic activity) suggests a small cycle. The Sun's polar field strength has also been used to successfully predict the last three cycles. The current weak polar fields are indicative of a small cycle. For the first time, dynamo models have been used to predict the size of a solar cycle but with opposite predictions depending on the model and the data assimilation. However, new measurements of the surface meridional flow indicate that the flow was substantially faster on the approach to Cycle 24 minimum than at Cycle 23 minimum. In both dynamo predictions a faster meridional flow should have given a shorter cycle 23 with stronger polar fields. This suggests that these dynamo models are not yet ready for solar cycle prediction.


The population of Mainland China is of critical importance in the study of world population, but it remains an unknown quantity. There are serious doubts about the mean ing of historical population figures and the reliability of those collected by the Chinese Communists. The basic problem is that the actual process by which the figures were produced is, in most instances, obscure. Though the 1953 census was probably closer to an actual count of the population than any previous effort, it was evidently defective, and the registration system based on it even more so. Since 1957 there have been no official population totals. If estimates are substituted for missing or unreliable data, they must allow for consider able margins of error in representing the base total and trends in fertility and mortality. Estimates and projections which take account of the particularities of China's situation, past, present, and future, and of the appropriate degree of uncer tainty regarding all aspects of China's demographic develop ment will show a wide range of totals for any given year. Yet these estimates may encourage a proper caution in drawing conclusions, greater precision in making demographic assess ments, and greater ingenuity in the pursuit of new lines of enquiry.


Extensive interests have been focus on solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) in energy exploitation and materials science fields due to large latent heat storage and smaller temperature swing, smaller size and lower weight per unit of storage capacity. In this paper, progress in solid-liquid PCMs has been reviewed; the classification and characteristic of these materials have been studied; the shortcomings in use and some possible improving methods have been summarized.


Students hear cursing more and more-at home, on TV, and at th movies. If a student walks down the hall and says, IIAw, sh__! I have to go to Math,1I I am not going to make a big deal of it. You have to pick your baHles, and with the frequency of cursing these days, it's iust not that big of a deal. To that comment, a colleague hotly contested: so I'm not supposed to make a big deal of it if a student says , "F you, a__hole!1I


An accumulation-mode field effect transistor includes a plurality of gates and a semiconductor region having a channel region adjacent to but insulated from each of the plurality of gates. The semiconductor region further includes a conduction region wherein the channel regions and the conduction region are of a first conductivity type. The transistor further includes a drain terminal and a source terminal configured so that when the accumulation-mode field effect transistor is in the on state a current flows from the drain terminal to the Source terminal through the con duction region and the channel regions. A number of charge balancing structures are integrated with the semiconductor region so as to extend parallel to the current flow. In a blocking state, the charge balancing structures influence an electric field in the conduction region so as to increase the blocking capability of the accumulation-mode field effect transistor.


Vehicles have been an important role in people's life. However, traffic accidents caused by vehicles are increasing exponentially with the popularization of vehicles. As an important part of the intelligent transportation system (ITS), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) can improve the traffic efficiency and safety through intercommunication in the transportation system. Urban is a typical scenario in V2X communication with numerous vehicles and infrastructures. The urban channels are non-stationary due to the high speed of vehicles and scatterers. Therefore, we carried out measurement campaigns and analyzed the non-stationarity of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) as well as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) channels. In this paper, measurement campaigns for the urban channels at 5.9 GHz were performed including 3 scenarios. The local region of stationarity (LRS) method is used to analyze the non-stationary channel based on actual measured channel data. We focus on the power delay profile (PDP), stationarity interval, and temporal PDP correlation coefficient (TPCC) of the channels. In addition, the statistics analysis of stationarity distance is also provided.


I have been asked to write this brief essay not as a book review in the traditional sense, but as a commentary on a book project and some of the books that it has generated (others are in preparation).' What makes this treatment possible is the high degree of uniformity in the approach taken by the project's books. Each follows the same basic format and uses the same basic methodology. For most purposes here I will refer to the shared aims and methods of the project and to the characteristics and patterns that are common to the books rather than to specific books.


Oral cancer is the world's sixth most prevalent cancer, with oral squamous cell carcinoma accounting for the vast majority of occurrences (OSCC). The most prevalent intraoral head and neck cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. It is the second most common cancer in India, after SCC of the lip and oral cavity, with a male incidence of 13.9 per cent compared to 4.3 per cent in females. SCC of the tongue is quite uncommon until the age of 60. The use of smoking and smokeless cigarettes, areca nut use, and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for oral SCC. A patient experienced the loss of motion, spasms, weakness, and function following tongue cancer surgery. Buccal mucosa SCC is a malignant tumour of the oral cavity that is aggressive. It's associated with a high rate of regional recurrence, with the inner cheek lining, lateral border of the tongue, oropharynx, mouth floor, and lips being the most commonly affected areas. The most common postoperative oral problems that occur after radiation and chemotherapy are mucositis, infection, pain, bleeding, difficulty swallowing, injury to the glands that produce saliva (xerostomia) or damage to the muscles and joints of the jaw and neck (trismus), loosening of teeth, difficulty wearing dentures, painful swallowing (odynophagia), speech impairment (dysarthria), and development of a neck mass as a sign of lymph node metastasis.
Conclusion: Following carcinoma of the lateral border of the tongue, physical therapy included exercises, spasm reduction, Kinesio taping, manual therapy, and patient education.

Key words: Squamous cell carcinoma, Glossectomy, Tongue, Physiotherapy Rehabilitation.


Use of Medicinal plants as lifesaving drugs is as old as human civilization. Laboratory evaluations were made to assess the study of primary metabolites of various plant parts in selected plant species Clitoria ternatea L. in the present investigation. Plants of same age group were collected from local areas of Barpeta district of Assam and used for estimation of the primary metabolites (total ash, crude protein, total lipid, crude fiber, soluble carbohydrates, insoluble and soluble minerals). Estimation was done following the AOAC guidelines, 1990. The highest amount of total ash, crude protein, total lipid, crude fiber, soluble carbohydrates, insoluble and soluble minerals was found in leaves, seeds, stem,


An energy future based on conservation will require that consumers subscribe to a Consumer Energy Conservation Ethic. This study identifies the components and best predictors of a conservation ethic.


Whoever he was, the designer of the Oxford coat-of-arms managed to express with four symbols the whole philosophy of the institution as it was in the first centuries of its existence. The book with its seven seals stands for the seven liberal arts: the Trivium made up of grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic, and the Quadrivium of arithmetic, astronomy, music, and geometry. Among these seven subjects, the dialectic of the Trivium was the chief interest of the medieval student. The curriculum in Arts came to include also the three philosophies, moral, physical, and metaphysical, as symbolized by the three crowns. Here was a philosophy made up of logic, ethics, and metaphysics, together with the ancestor of the "natural philosophy" that our grandfathers studied. It is scarcely necessary to add that the principal foundation for this was the writings of Aristotle, Pliny and Elder, Seneca, etc., all tempered by the Christian revelation as recorded in the four gospels. The philosophy of suclh a type of education was implicit in it and formed the greater part of its substance. It was authoritarian, being based on the wisdom of the ancients. No educational philosophy of subsequent times has ever been quite so direct and clear-cut, and for understandable reasons.


Studies of the Rome trough in central and E. Kentucky have delineated several large, untested areas containing thick pre-Knox, Cambrian sandstone reservoirs at moderate (5,500- to 10,000-ft) depths. Potentially productive reservoirs in the overlying Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Knox Dolomite in Kentucky are equivalent in age and lithology to the prolific Ellenburger Dolomite of W. Texas and the Arbuckle Dolomite of the Mid-Continent. The Ordovician Trenton-Black River-St. Peter sequence of Kentucky is equivalent to the productive Simpson-Viola of Oklahoma. A lithological chart shows the oil- and gas-bearing zones. Age dating of hydrocarbons recovered from the Rome and Conasauga zones shows Cambrian origin, and shows of high-gravity oil or gas have been recorded in the zones indicated. Souce beds within the Cambro-Ordovician have been identified which interfinger with excellent sandstone and dolomite reservoirs. There is good evidence that growth faults developed with thick Cambrian sand buildups on their downward, basinward sides. Graphical presentations include (1) surface structure form lines and faults, Rome trough; (2) south to north cross section; and (3) pre-Knox cross section.


The paper constructs the planar dynamic systems with truncated Fourier series. We propose a method to generate planar tiling images of the iterative mapping with truncated Fourier series. It constructed the planar tessellations of planar dynamic systems with cyclic windows. The iterative mapping is constructed. Then we generate cyclic windows of the dynamic plane with these mappings. Filled-in Julia sets are created by generating the coordinates of any cyclic windows. The images in different windows are continuous. We can choose any cyclic windows as the basic computing region and stretch it into a square, which is transferred to the plane to compose the new form chaos attractor and filled-in Julia sets images in the Euclidian plane. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Certain levels of public access in the process of the statutory land-use planning have been part of Czech planning legislation since the 1970s, but actual citizen participation has become an issue in practice only during the last decade. Currently citizens have a say but their involvement seldom exceeds mere opposition towards active involvement. Their attempts to be heard in the decision-making process is perceived as a nuisance by developers and some local governments as well. Except for the opponents of specific project proposals, most people feel that involvement in the planning process is futile, having little comprehension of how urban and regional planning may actually influence their lives, their property and their local environment. The paper analyses the effects of the pre-1989 powerlessness on the recent changes in the planning process and it reviews the research and opinions of several scholars in this field. The formal planning process, which deals mostly with land use, is often felt to be too narrowly defined and too restrictive, with limited opportunities for citizen involvement. Strategic planning has been introduced by some municipalities in recent years as a less rigid, more flexible and potentially more participatory approach, but also here the trend that copied the accustomed patterns of statutory land-use planning prevailed in the end. Apart from the 'mainstream' planning, alternative, 'informal' planning has emerged, often supported from abroad and organized by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Although still marginal, it has introduced active planning by citizens. The absence of legal definition and guidance in the case of non-statutory planning allowed greater diversity in the planning method itself. After several years of this experience, however, it has primarily proven just how diverse the concept of citizen participation might be. On the basis of the analysis of the current diversification of planning methods, an attempt is made to draw some conclusions concerning the evolving process of citizen empowerment and participation in Czech planning, as well as to indicate patterns of the changes of the involvement process in the current stage of transformation.


Imagine that you are interested in investigating suicide. You want to find out what people think about suicide, why people commit suicide, what implications it has for their family and friends, how it could have been prevented, what could a study add to current knowledge to ensure that people at risk of committing suicide get the help that they need. If you follow the advice of many of the chapters in this book you will, quite legitimately, generate a methodology for investigating this topic, perhaps using a survey or conducting interviews and then analyse these to draw out themes and inferences. What we want to do in this chapter is to introduce you to a completely different way of doing research that looks very much like mainstream social scientific approaches, but relies on a simple, yet fundamental, shift in thinking about researching social life. In this chapter we will introduce you to that 'shift' – an ethnomethodological approach to social life – and then outline two associated methodologies: conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis, which have their origins in the pioneering work of Harvey Sacks. We will explain what they are and why they are important. However, one of the key things about both of these approaches is their practical application, so in the fourth section of the chapter we will provide a detailed analysis of a piece of data to illustrate the points we have been making. There will also be questions related to these approaches, for you to test your knowledge and some suggestions for possible projects and recommendations for further reading.


In this paper, the effect of adding the composite PCM (Phase Change Material) heat storage capsules to the heat storage layer of the salt gradient solar pond on the thermal performance of the solar pond was studied numerically and experimentally. Based on the program-controlled temperature simulation of the solar pond experimental platform, the effect of adding the composite PCM (48–50°C and 58–60°C melting point paraffin) heat storage capsules on the solar pond temperature and stability was studied, and a numerical simulation model was established to be compared by the experimental results. The results showed that the experimental temperature was consistent with the simulation results; the solar pond with PCM capsules had a smaller temperature change range than the conventional solar pond during the phase change process, but it did not have such effect in the non-phase transition process; in terms of flow, the addition of the PCM phase change units could reduce the flow rate of the heat storage zone, and the PCM with a larger latent heat had a more obvious suppression effect on the flow. Therefore, within a certain temperature range, adding PCM units to the solar pond had a positive effect on maintaining the stable temperature and stability of solar pond.


The aim of this paper is to concentrate on the domain of L_{∞}, L_{p}, and L₁ norms of inequalities and their applications for some special weight functions. For different weights some previous results are recaptured. Applications are also discussed.


By request of Mr. Fletcher I add a few remarks to his article in the January number on "Killing, Preserving and Relaxing Insects," though the subject is so well treated there as to leave little room for additional comment. The action of the cyanide bottle cannot be depended on as effectual in such a short time as Mr. Fletcher mentions, except in the case of the most tender insects, many Rhynchophora will live there for several hours unless the bottle is quite freshly prepared, and I know of one case in which a Coelocnemis remained alive all night confined in a bottle strong enough to quickly overcome the large southwestern species of Cleonus.


Advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) have fostered a wide spectrum of intelligent mobile applications ranging from voice assistants on smartphones to augmented reality with smart-glasses. To deliver high-quality services, these DNNs should operate on resource-constrained mobile platforms and yield consistent performance in open environments. However, DNNs are notoriously resource-intensive, and often suffer from performance degradation in real-world deployments. Existing research strives to optimize the resource-performance trade-off of DNNs by compressing the model without notably compromising its inference accuracy. Accordingly, the accuracy of these compressed DNNs is bounded by the original ones, leading to more severe accuracy drop in challenging yet common scenarios such as low-resolution, small-size, and motion-blur. In this paper, we propose to push forward the frontiers of the DNN performance-resource trade-off by introducing human intelligence as a new design dimension. To this end, we explore human-in-the-loop DNNs (H-DNNs) and their automatic performance-resource optimization. We present H-Gen, an automatic H-DNN compression framework that incorporates human participation as a new hyperparameter for accurate and efficient DNN generation. It involves novel hyperparameter formulation, metric calculation, and search strategy in the context of automatic H-DNN generation. We also propose human participation mechanisms for three common DNN architectures to showcase the feasibility of H-Gen. Extensive experiments on twelve categories of challenging samples with three common DNN structures demonstrate the superiority of H-Gen in terms of the overall trade-off between performance (accuracy, latency), and resource (storage, energy, human labour).


throat is an important way in respiratory,The injury of throat is composed of opening and closing or ordinartand fracture.The injury is often composed of big atery and vein′s injury.It is very dangerous or due to death if the injury is not dealed with correctly.Athor treated this Kind of case 8 Tracheotomy in an impartant step.7 case is srccess and 1 case die or air embolism.


Several hundred million nerve cells in the human brain are interconnected in a convergent and divergent manner to form functional brain networks [1]. However, even in adults, these networks are not rigidly organized but show a dynamic reorganization process. This is especially important in the regeneration/reorganization process during the learning process or after brain trauma which is called neuroplasticity [2].


The overall motivation for the Interactive Track (iTrack) at INEX is twofold. First, to investigate the behaviour of users when interacting with components of XML documents, and secondly to investigate and develop approaches for XML retrieval which are effective in user-based environments. One of the major outcomes of the track in 2004 was the need to investigate methods that can be supportive during the search process based on features extracted from the XML formatting[1][2]. Problems that might be solved using such methods include overlapping components and the presentation of retrieved elements in the result list. In the experimental system that was offered in 2005, these two issues were addressed. This offered the opportunity to study how overall user search behaviour was affected by these changes when compared to the behaviour observed in 2004. In addition, the following issues were addressed in 2005, following the recommendations of the INEX Methodology Workshop at the Glasgow IR Festival1.


Aiming at the heavy weight and the unreasonable structure of the non- retractable fin stabilizer actuator bearing block,the optimization module of the ANSYS Workbench is used to carry out the structure optimization design for the actuator bearing block.The practical application proved that the optimized design is successful which can lighten the weight,make the structure rational,as well as to reduce the production cost.


It is the first time that the authors pointed out the main mineralization stratum of rutile is in Maoji Group , Zuolaozhuang Formation. The mineralization centrates in a 30 kilometre zone in Nanzhao,Yunyang-Fangcheng, Qinghe area. And new mineralization stratum and mineralization type was found in Kuanping Group, too. It is also the first time that the large scale macrograined , easy beneficiating rutile ore was found and the result of "useless ore" had been breached. The rutile total resources within the depth 50 metre is more than 50 000 000 t. It is a world-scale super-large rutile mineral field.


A significant problem in scientific visualization is how to create modular, interactive, and dynamic virtual reality (VR) applications that efficiently visualize large datasets. One of the obstacles often encountered is the high degree of complexity and specialized knowledge involved in creating parallel visualization applications. Designing a framework especially for this purpose, seems like a promising solution. This paper presents a parallel visualization framework that is scalable, encapsulates parallel programming details for developers, and supports the creation of interactive and dynamic VR applications. CR Categories: I.3.2 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Systems— Distributed/network graphics; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: ThreeDimensional Graphics and Realism—Virtual Reality;


Objective: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a health challenge in Indonesia. It causes problems with mastication and digestion, and causes growth and speech disorders, as well as low self -esteem. The prevalence and severity of ECC is increasing. Thus, the study objectives were to analyze the relationship between dental caries activity in mothers and that in their children; the relationship between the oral health habits of children and ECC; the relationship between cariogenic carbohydrate snacking consumption and ECC; and the relationship between dental plaque pH and ECC. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 424 children aged 6–24 months, using two-stage cluster random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by the mothers to determine the oral habits of their children. An intraoral examination was performed on the children to obtain deft index data and to determine the pH of the dental plaque, using the GC Plaque Indicator Kit (GC India Dental, Telangana, India). The dental caries-related activity of mothers and their children was measured using the Cariostat test. Results: A significant relationship was found between the dental caries activity of mothers and their children (p≤0.000); between ECC and teeth-cleaning behavior (p≤0.050); as well as between cariogenic carbohydrate snacking consumption (p≤0.050) and the pH of dental plaque (p≤0.050). Conclusions: A lower rate of EEC was observed in children whose teeth were cleaned daily than in those who brushed more irregularly (odds ratio [OR]=2.00). Higher ECC was also noted in children who consumed snacks ≥3 times daily (OR=3.43). Children with a dental plaque pH of 5.00–5.54 experienced the most ECC (OR=24.42). Untreated dental caries in the mothers resulted in an increase in cariogenic bacteria which was later transferred to their children.Decreasing dental caries activity in mothers and controlling the oral health habits of children are important factors in the prevention of ECC in children aged 6–24 months. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2017; 10(Special Issue): pp. 540-545)


SUMMARY: Progeroid syndromes are caused by single gene mutations and comprise a group of diseases characterized by signs of premature aging. Clinical symptoms of premature aging are skin atrophy with loss of cutaneous elasticity, mottled pigmentation, dysfunction of cutaneous appendices and of the central nervous system, degeneration, and an increased susceptibility for malignant tumors. Methods: Selective literature review. Results: At a molecular level, there are clear correlations between premature aging and impaired function of proteins involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and gene expression. The numerous premature aging syndromes include Xeroderma pigmentosum, Werner syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, Cockayne syndrome, Hutchinson Gilford syndrome, Fanconi syndrome and Bloom and Rothmund Thomson syndrome. The understanding of these syndromes has improved significantly. They are characterized by genomic instabilities of varying aetiologies in various different genes, and result in accelerated aging, tumors of the skin and other organs, severe neurodegenerative symptoms, arteriosclerosis, cachexia and impaired tumor defense by the immune system. Research on progeroid syndromes supports the importance of the maintenance of genomic stability as an important antidote to aging and tumor formation.


T as well as their foreign policy strategy, through the prism of the balance of power. However, we very often overlook the fact that a destructive policy regarding the balance of power is turning the region into a buffer zone between the global superpowers and causing it to lose its independence. Yet Hans Morgenthau warned: "The more intimately a local balance of power is connected with the dominant one, the less opportunity it has to operate autonomously and the more it tends to become merely a localized manifestation of the dominant balance of power." The apprehension over such a would-be perspective should impel the Central Asian states to avoid it and resist it by means of unification. Meanwhile, new geopolitics is arising in this part of the world which implies that Central Asia must play its own role in the international system and world politics. 11 September merely accelerated this process. And scholarly works reveal again the problem of theory: we are simply observing the passage from old stereotypes and prejudices to new ones. Various widespread analytical speculations, official statements, public suspicions, and allegations about the newly established American military-political presence in Central Asia can prove this thesis. Public opinion, knowledge, and perceptions of international relations are very often limited to such oversimplified "pro-" or "anti-" dichotomy, or to the idea that "military-economic power necessitates hegemony-prone politics," that the typical balance of power frameworks appear to be the only theory that was demanded and accepted. The adherents of this theory, and they constitute the majority, constantly repeat the phrase about Russia's domination of Central Asia, which is currently being replaced by the alleged American domination. At the same time, the new Central Asian library is only just getting to its feet. Due to the new discovery of the region, "Central Asianism," like "Orientalism," as a system of knowledge, needs renovation. The leading idea for this renovation might be the thesis that "the notion that there are geographical spaces with indigenous, radically 'different' inhabitants who can be defined on the basis of some religion, culture, or racial essence proper to that geographical space is a highly debatable idea."


Laminated Ti-(Al3Ti+Al) and Ti-Al3Ti composites have been synthesised with controlled temperature and treating time using 50, 100 and 150 μm thick titanium and 50 μm thick aluminium foils. Microstructural examinations showed that Al3Ti was the only phase formed during the reaction between Ti and Al. After 20 minutes of treating at 650°C, not all the aluminium was consumed and the composites consisted of alternating layers of Ti, Al and Al3Ti. After 60 minutes, the aluminium layers were completely consumed, resulting in microstructures with Ti residual layers alternating with the Al3Ti layers. Tensile strength, flexural strength and impact toughness measurements were performed on the materials with different microstructures to establish the properties and fracture behaviour. After 60 minutes of treating, all the composites had a higher yield strength, higher ultimate tensile strength and higher flexural strength than those composites after 20 minutes of treating produced with the same thickness of starting Ti foil. On the other hand, the strain at fracture and impact toughness of the composites behaved conversely. The results of the investigations indicated that the mechanical properties of the composites strongly depend on the thickness of the individual Ti layers and the presence of residual Al layers at the intermetallic centrelines.


Summary Measurements of the dimensions of proximal and distal tubules were made on nephrons obtained by microdissection from the kidneys of three female dogs. In any nephron, the length, average cross section, and volume (as for a cylinder) of the proximal tubule from its attachment to the glomerulus to the thin portion of Henle's loop were always larger than the same values for the distal tubule measured from the point of attachment to the glomerular vascular pole to entry into the collecting tubule. Proximal-distal volume ratios averaged 5.34 ± 1.32 (SD), 5.88 ± 1.46, and 7.59 ± 1.51 for each of the three dogs. The proximal convolutions accounted for 74.8 ± 9.1%, 71.0 ± 7.6%, and 77.0 ± 6.0% of the total proximal volume in the same animals. The convolutions bulked equally large in the distal tubule, making up 75.3 ± 10.9%, 70.0 ± 10.3%, and 69.1 ± 9.3% of the total, respectively. Proximal convolutions exceeded distal convolutions in volume, with ratios of 5.46 ± 1.97, 5.66 ± 1.67, and 8.95 ± 2.25 times, respectively. The volumes of proximal and distal tubules in the same nephron were significantly correlated in keeping with an intersegmental functional balance between residual filtered load leaving the proximal tubule and the capacity of the distal tubule to deal with it. The relative size of proximal and distal convolutions suggests that proximal reabsorbate determines the microenvironment of the distal convolutions.


The transmittance curves of the photopolymer which sensitized by different dual-dyes were fitted based on the basic photochemical reaction process of the photopolymer and its theoretical function model,and the parameters in the theoretical model of the photochemical reaction were obtained.A new method to realize the curve fitting by MATLAB and obtain the photomechanical parameters in the photopolymer,based on the theoretical model and experimental data,was analyzed.The analysis shows that the R-Square of fitting statistics for three photopolymers are 0.9687,0.9958 and 0.9902 respectively when the exposure wavelength is 633 nm and the exposure intensity is 65 mW/cm2.It means that the fitting method is successful.


In this paper we test the retail milk price integration between two countries, Poland and Hungary. Conventional linear cointegration methods do not reveal any relationship between the two prices, therefore we apply Gonzalo and Pitakaris (2006) method to test the linear cointegration null against the threshold cointegration with an exogenous threshold variable alternative hypothesis. Our results show, that the Hungarian Forint – Polish Zloty exchange rate is econometrically an appropriate threshold variable, the linearity null is rejected, and the two alternative regimes may be characterised with different long-run equilibrium relationships. Corresponding trade data however questions the economic appropriateness of the selected threshold variable. Further research is needed to analyse the actual effective milk trade flows between the two countries, subject to exchange rate variations.


Inequality in the financial support of the state of women-of employees and self-employed women (often also employers) has found as a result of the analysis of the legal rules on the payment of benefits for pregnancy and childbirth and child care for women conclusions about the presence, in some way, signs of discrimination and infringement of the interests of the latter have done necessity of improvement the legislation has proved. This issues are relevant in light of the decision of the state of the demographic problems and policy of increasing fertility in Russia.


Perfluorochemical perfusion during coronary angioplasty was performed in 38 patients with unstable ischemic syndromes or with high-risk lesions in a single-blind crossover study. Patients received alternate 90-second balloon inflations with and without distal perfusion of oxygenated perfluorochemical (Fluosol, Alpha Therapeutic Corp., Los Angeles, California) at 60 ml/min. Efficacy was assessed by anginal intensity, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters, and left ventricular function determined by two-dimensional echocardiography during balloon inflations. There was a trend toward lower anginal intensity with Fluosol perfusion at 30, 60, and 90 seconds of occlusion. Pulmonary wedge pressure increased significantly with and without Fluosol perfusion, and the magnitude of change was not different. Cardiac output decreased significantly less with Fluosol perfusion than with routine inflation for the total group (-0.8 vs. -1.2 1/min, p<0.01) and in the subgroup with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) angioplasty (-0.7 vs. -1.5 U/min,p<0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography declined significantly less with Fluosol perfusion (-4.0 vs. -7.9 EF units, p<0.004) than with routine inflation for the total population and declined significantly less with Fluosol in the subgroup with LAD angioplasty (-5.5 vs. -9.7 EF units, p<0.008). Regional wall-motion abnormality score increased significantly with routine inflation (from 0.7±1.4 to 3.5±3.2, p<0.001) and did not change with Fluosol perfusion (from 0.8±1.3 to 1.3+1.1, p=NS). The increase in wall-motion abnormality score was significantly greater with routine inflation in the overall group (2.8±2.8 vs. 0.5± 1.1, p<0.002) and in the subgroup with [AD angioplasty (4.6±2.1 vs. 1.1±0.9, p=0.001). No adverse effects were encountered with Fluosol perfusion. Thus, distal coronary perfusion with Fluosol during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in unstable and higher-risk patients is associated with significant reduction of balloon-induced myocardial ischemia determined by preservation of cardiac output and of global and regional left ventricular function during balloon occlusion. (Circulation 1990;81(suppl IV):IV-27-TV-34)


Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis have been recognized as economically important diseases with considerable impact on the livestock industry. Little is known concerning the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in sheep from Tocantins state, Brazil. Here, we investigated antibodies against these parasites and associated factors in 182 sheep from Araguaina, Santa Terezinha do Tocantins, Arguianopolis and Palmeiras do Tocantins districts, Tocantins. Sheep sera were assayed for T. gondii and N. caninum IgG antibodies by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), using cut-off point at a dilution of 1:40 and 1:25 respectively. The prevalence of seropositive animal for T. gondii was 13.74% and 13.74% for N. caninum. None of the characteristics studied including reproductive problems, presence of cats, presence of dogs and veterinary care (p>0.05) was associated with occurrence of T. gondii or N. caninum infection. Only breed was identified as associated factor for the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in sheep (p<0.05). The present study is the first report on serum occurrence of T. gondii and N. caninum in sheep from the state of Tocantins, Brazil.


Effective network security targets a variety of threats and stops them from entering or spreading on a network. Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a infrastructure less network. Attacks in MANET are due to unreliability , unfixed topology, limited battery power and lack of centralised control. Enhanced Adaptive ACKnowledgement (EAACK) is used to detect misbehaviour in network. 2ACK algorithm is that it can detect the misbehaving link but cannot decide upon which one of the nodes associated with that link are misbehaving. This technique will not give more security. This limitation is been overcomed in this paper. Path Tracing Algorithm (PTA) is used to find the exact misbehaving node. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm is used to secure the data while passing through the network.


In the present paper, the shape of the free surface of a non–conducting and electrically conducting micropolar fluid contained in a vertical cylinder of radius a with inner porous lining thickness h and rotating with an angular velocity Ω about its axis is studied. Beavers and Joseph slip condition at the porous lining boundary is taken into consideration. The equations for free surface, the velocity profiles, coefficient of skin friction on the cylinder are calculated. The effects of the coupling number, couple stress parameters, porous lining thickness parameter, Magnetic Parameter and Reynolds number on azimuthal velocity, microrotation component and coefficient of skin friction on cylinder are depicted through graphs.


This paper evaluates the performance of sending Triple play Services over hybrid networks. The network performance factors will be considered by observing the networks availability, packet loss, delay and throughput. These evaluations will be tested over different network scenario, where the last mile media services suggested to be delivered over telephone twisted pair by means of using ADSL. The attention will be concerned for services over cable, where a proposal of using bandwidth efficient turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) in ADSL DMT systems instead of the multidimensional 16-state Trellis Coded Modulation (MTCM) that is given as an option in Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (ADSL) standard based on discrete multitone (DMT) techniques. The results show that by using turbo codes, it can obtain 6 dB coding gain for a bit error rate (BER) of 10 -6 in AWGN channels and more than 6.8 dB coding gain for a BER of 10 -7 using a concatenated coding scheme.


Given conflicting theoretical perspectives and inconsistent empirical results, this study examined the relationship between board leadership structure and organisational performance. A meta-analysis based on 22 independent samples across 5,751 companies indicates that independent leadership structure has a significant influence on performance. This relationship varies depending upon the context of the study.


Sugarcane herbicidal plastic film controls weed in sugarcane seedling field.The results showed that sugarcane herbicidal plastic film could eliminate over 85%of monocotyledonous weed and over 75%of dicotyledonous weed after transplanted 60 days,respectively,and weed fresh weight reduced over 97%,simultaneously.Comparing with other methods,it could improve the rate of survival and tiller of sugarcane seedling.So sugarcane herbicidal plastic film is safe for controlling weed of sugarcane seedling,it will bring better application value.


Reduction of materials cost without sacrificing their functional properties is one of the main goals for materials engineers. This article focuses on Fe and its effect as an obvious example of introducing inexpensive alloying elements into Ti-alloys. It could also be a guide for future researches that would be aimed at replacing expensive β-stabiliser elements with inexpensive elements. Recently, more attention has been paid to low-cost Ti-alloys that contain Fe. This has resulted in the designing of many alloys such as Ti metal 62S and Ti-Fe-O-N Ti-alloys. This technical trend has been used to design new Ti-alloys with good mechanical features, such as Ti8LC and Ti-5.5Al-1Fe Ti-alloys in China and Japan respectively. Nowadays, major composition modifications of Ti-6Al-4V alloy have been proposed through the complete replacement of V by Fe. Three new alloys (Ti-6Al-xFe) are developed to investigate the effect of Fe additions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties.


Spintronic Materials and Characterizations Magneto-Optical Studies of Magnetic Oxide Semiconductors Synthesis and Characterization of Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Spintronic Materials Magnetic Properties of (Ga,Mn)As-Based Magnetic Semiconductors Soft X-Ray Resonant Magnetic Scattering from Magnetic Nanostructures The Effect of Ru on Magnetization Switching and CPP-GMR Enhancement The Spin-Dependent Interfacial Transparency Spin Torque and Domain Wall Magneto Resistance Current-Driven Switching of Magnetization: Theory and Experiment Domain Wall Scattering and Current-Induced Switching in Ferromagnetic Wires-Experiment Domain Wall Magnetoresistance in Magnetic Nanowires-Theory Introduction to a Theory of Current-Driven Domain Wall Motion Spin-Injection and Spin Devices Silicon-Based Spin Electronic Devices: Toward a Spin Transistor Spin-LEDs: Fundamentals and Applications Spin Photoelectronic Devices Based on Fe and the Heusler Alloy Co2MnGa Electron Spin Filtering across a Ferromagnetic Metal/Semiconductor Interface Measured by Photoexcitation Ferromagnetic Metal/III-V Semiconductor Hybrid Spintronic Devices The Spin-Valve Transistor INDEX


The role of planners is commonly examined in the context of local government decision-making processes. However, planners also participate in other institutional contexts. This article examines planners' roles in merits appeals in two jurisdictions in Australia. The author finds that planners carry out numerous functions in development assessment appeals—they participate as advocates, expert witnesses and decision-makers. However, these roles are not static. They tend to vary depending on the procedural model utilised by the tribunal or court. This article examines the different ways that planning expertise is employed in the Land and Environment Court (NSW) and the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal.


In this study, functionally significant genomic DNA regions of some
 porcine cytokine genes were analysed. For these regions, DNA variants were
 identified and evaluated for the distribution in breeds which are adapted to
 different locations.
 Within the experimental work, 90 genetic diverse pigs (from European Wild
 Boar, three European breeds, three local Vietnamese breeds and the Chinese
 breed Meishan) were included. For the interleukin genes 2, 6, 12B (IL-2, IL-6,
 IL-12B) and for the interferon-γ gene (IFN-γ) the EMBL data basis
 was screened for cDNA sequences of the pig (Sus scrofa). The sequences were
 compared with genomic sequences from Mus musculus, Homo sapiens and Bos
 taurus. Regions located 5'-flanking near the transcription start point
 (tsp) as well as within exon regions coding for functional important protein
 domains were sequenced by including DNA from 6 to 10 pigs of different
 breeds. Some of the thereby identified DNA variants were presented as RFLP.
 The analyses led to the following results:
 - Depending on the cytokine gene, the greatest
 homologies were elucidated in the 5'-flanking regions and in the exons.
 Homologies of up to 91 % were found in some of the 5'-flanking regions,
 especially near the tsp. Moreover, homologies of 90 % and higher were
 revealed between human, mouse, cattle and pig for the translated exon
 regions. Likewise as for other genes, this conservation is based either on
 the functional relevance or on the phylogenetic relationship.
 - In sequences defined in this study for the
 pig, similar response elements as in humans and mice were detected. The
 orthologous response elements are located at similar positions relative to
 the tsp.
 - Variants on 12 positions were found in the
 four cytokine genes by using DNA from different pig. Thus, regarding in total
 2870 bp (without primer sequences) of sequenced DNA, a ratio of 0.42 % of
 nucleotide positions were detected to be polymorphic. Highly conserved
 regions were included and so the probability to find variants within a species was less than randomly. By analysing response
 elements and their corresponding transcription factors it was possible to
 evaluate the potential function of the identified DNA variants. - In total, six variable DNA positions were tested
 as RFLPs in animals of the population material. The polymorphic distribution
 of the DNA variants was verified for each of the positions. These results
 show that DNA variants found with the help of comparative sequencing in
 animals of different breeds are polymorphically distributed.
 Numerous DNA variants were newly provided for a central important group of
 genes, and these variants can be assumed to be located in functionally
 relevant gene regions. Therefore, all variants are candidates for veterinary
 and breeding orientated gene diagnostics regarding immune reactions and disease resistance in pig.


Classical summation theorems such as those of Gauss, Gauss second, Kummer and Bailey for the series 2 F 1 ; Watson, Dixon , Whipple and Saalschutz for the series 3 F 2 and others play an important role in the theory of hypergeometric and generalized hypergeometric series. Out of the above mentioned classical summation theorem, Dixon's summation theorem has wide applications. For applications of Dixon's summation theorem, we refer standard research books by Andrews,et.al. and Bailey.Also, in a very popular, interesting and useful research paper, Bailey has given a large number of applications of products of generalized hypergeometric series. Also, Berndt has pointed out that interesting summations due to Ramanujan can be obtained quickly by employing Dixon's summation theorem. Moreover, as mentioned in almost all the books on Special Functions that the Watson's theorem can be obtained with the help of Thomae transformation together with Dixon's theorem. In this research note, we observe for the first time that the Dixon's theorem can also be obtained from the Thomae transformation together with Watson's theorem and thus this is our aim to prove Dixon's theorem in this research note.


Objective To sum up the therapeutic results of 32 cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).Methods Between January 2000 and December 2005,32 cases of TAPVC underwent surgical treatment. The type of deformities included supercardiac (18 cases),intracardiac (13 cases)and infracardiac TAPVC (1 cases).12 cases of supercardiac were anastomsed by intracardial method and 6 cases were anastomosed by supercardial method.The common vein in intracardiac type was amplified into 4 openings of pulmonary vein,then the atrial septal defect was repaired with self pericardial patches.The infracardiac type was performed by combined incision of left and right artium cordis,and posterior of left atrium cordis was anastomosed with common vein by side to side pattern. Results Among 32 patients 1 patient died, The surgical mortality was 3.1%.The cause of death was serious low cardiac output syndrome,and the other patients recovered well. After follow-up of 1~68 months,1 patient occurred venous return obstruction and died 6 months later,the other patients recovery smoothly and developed well.Conclusion Early diagnosis and surgical operation are quite important for TAPVC patients.An appropriate choice of surgical method can ensure a satisfactory outcome.


We agree that more work would have to be done in order to characterise aerosol distributions with the UCASS instrument. The evaluation presented here was conducted with cloud droplets, since the underlying Mie assumptions used to compute a size are more valid, and the evaluation here is more focused on the integration of the instrument with the platform as opposed to more instrument specific parameters, like the response to various aerosols—which may be non-spherical, non-homogeneous, or be highly absorbing. As you correctly point out, this is only mentioned briefly in Sect. 4.1, therefore the manuscript has now been changed to emphasise this more strongly in the abstract. UCASS has been utilised and evaluated for the measurement of aerosol—specifically Saharan dust—in Smith et al. (2019) and Kezoudi et al. (2021), however this is ongoing research.


Both computers and calculators are limited by architecture, operating system, and software, to some predetermined level of precision within decimal number presentation and calculation. Rational fractions produce either terminating or repeating decimal numbers. In decimal form, rational fractions that produce repeating decimals cannot be represented exactly on computers or calculators. At some decimal place value, the decimal number must be truncated or rounded. This process leads to approximations, rather than exact numeric representation and calculation. Exact calculations can only be performed by computers and calculators on terminating decimal numbers. This paper demonstrates that for any rational fraction which produces a repeating decimal, there exists a base into which that number can be converted so that it produces a terminating decimal. Therefore, through converting to appropriate bases computers and calculators can provide exact representations and operations on newly formed terminating fractions.


A numerical analysis of a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) hybrid system with different cooling configurations is developed. The PVT system consists mainly of a photovoltaic panel and cooling fluid channels. The developed model is used to simulate the system PVT and to study the influence of different cooling patterns, operating and weather conditions on the system performance and to evaluate its energy and exergy efficiency. Five cooling patterns were tested: the first is cooled by air above the panel and water below the panel; the second is air cooling from above and below; the third is cooled by air above the panel only; the fourth is cooled by air below the panel only; and the fifth is cooled by water below the panel only. It was shown that the results of the developed model are consistent with the results of other published works. The performance of the PVT system was analyzed under the weather conditions of Sakaka Al-Jouf, KSA, in summer and winter. It was found that the best cooling pattern is the fifth and the worst is the second. The average panel temperature of (pattern 5) is 21 °C lower than the average panel temperature of pattern 2. The highest efficiency of total energy is 90% when water is used as coolant at the bottom of the panel and air at the top (pattern 1). The lowest efficiency of the total energy of the panel is 34% when the coolant is air at the bottom of the panel (pattern 4). The electrical energy efficiency, total energy efficiency, and total exergy efficiency are strongly influenced by the water flow rate and ambient temperature, while the effect of solar intensity is insignificant.


At the present time, all the messages defined in the UDDI publishers API are transported using SSL encryption without using digital signature based on message level security. Aimed at this security problem, this paper put forwards a implementation framework of security extended UDDI API, which takes advantage of digital signature to ensure integrity of the messages and non deniable.


From the outset, Heisenberg had resolved to eliminate classical space-time pictures involving particles and waves from the quantum mechanics of the atom. He had wanted to focus instead on the properties actually observed and recorded in laboratory experiments, such as the positions and intensities of spectral lines. Alone in Copenhagen in February 1927, he now pondered on the significance and meaning of such experimental observables. Feeling the need to introduce at least some form of 'visualizability', he asked himself some fundamental questions, such as: What do we actually mean when we talk about the position of an electron? He went on to discover the uncertainty principle: the product of the 'uncertainties' in certain pairs of variables—called complementary variables—such as position and momentum cannot be smaller than Planck's constant h (now h / 4π).


The morphology and ultrastracture of Cymbella stuxbergii (Cleve in Cleve & Grunow) Cleve were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Cymbella stuxbergii is one characteristic component of a species complex within the nearshore periphyton in large lakes in the Baikal Rift Zone. Its distribution also includes northern mid-Asian continental rivers. Ultrastructure of C. stuxbergii supports the maintenance of this taxon within Cymbella sensu stricto because it has a single bilobed chloroplast, a ventral nucleus, dorsi-ventral valve shape, many ventral stigmata, dorsally deflected distal raphe ends, well-differentiated apical pore fields, and lacks an intermissio. Within Cymbella, C. stuxbergii appears closely allied with C. proxima Reimer because these taxa share similar raphe, stigmatal opening, and areolae configurations.


A rare case of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is reported with a review of the literature. A 40‐year‐old Japanese woman had suffered from RRP since 1 year of age. She developed a pulmonary squamous papilloma with a thin‐walled cavity, which was suspected as being lung carcinoma. The trachea and bronchi around the tumor were intact, and no malignant transformation was present. Two types of human papillomavirus, 6 and 16, were detected, both in the laryngeal and pulmonary papillomas by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction method. To date, only 40 cases of juvenile laryngeal papilloma with pulmonary involvement have been reported in the English literature.


This paper describes a research work on peer-to-peer music search based on the combination of content based descriptors and textual metadata. The envisaged scenario is the one of a user who searches for documents according either to their melodic and rhythmic content, and to additional information about the title, the instrumentation, or tempo in the form of textual metadata. Two different overlay networks are used to deal with music content and text. A user interface has been developed, which allows the user to perform a query, to merge the results using alternative approaches, and to listen to the retrieved music documents.


Mouse anticoagulant protein C (461 residues) shares 69% sequence identity with its human ortholog. Interspecies experiments suggest that there is an incompatibility between mouse and human protein C, such that human protein C does not function efficiently in mouse plasma, nor does mouse protein C function efficiently in human plasma. Previously, we described a series of human activated protein C (APC) Gla domain mutants (e.g. QGNSEDY‐APC), with enhanced membrane affinity that also served as superior anticoagulants. To characterize these Gla mutants further in mouse models of diseases, the analogous mutations were now made in mouse protein C. In total, seven mutants (mutated at one or more of positions P10S12D23Q32N33) and wild‐type protein C were expressed and purified to homogeneity. In a surface plasmon resonance‐based membrane‐binding assay, several high affinity protein C mutants were identified. In Ca2+ titration experiments, the high affinity variants had a significantly reduced (four‐fold) Ca2+ requirement for half‐maximum binding. In a tissue factor‐initiated thrombin generation assay using mouse plasma, all mouse APC variants, including wild‐type, could completely inhibit thrombin generation; however, one of the variants denoted mutant III (P10Q/S12N/D23S/Q32E/N33D) was found to be a 30‐ to 50‐fold better anticoagulant compared to the wild‐type protein. This mouse APC variant will be attractive to use in mouse models aiming to elucidate the in vivo effects of APC variants with enhanced anticoagulant activity.


In order to produce new genotypes under stress condition, seven parents of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum , L.) namely; Sakha 94(P1), Giza 168(P2),Sakha 93(P3),Line 6(P4),Sahel 1(P5), Sids 12(P6) and Gemmeiza 10(P7) were crossed at 2010/2011 growing season in a half-diallel pattern at El-Gemmeiza Agric. Res. Station, ARC, Egypt. In 2011/2012 season, the 7 parents along with their 21 F1 crosses were sown in two adjacent experiments under stress and normal irrigation at Bahteem Agric. Res. Station, ARC. Randomized complete blocks design with four replications was used for each experiment. Results showed that mean squares of genotypes, parents and crosses were highly significant for all studied traits under normal and stress irrigation. The mean squares associated with general and specific combining abilities were found to be highly significant for all traits at both irrigation levels as well as the combining analysis with a few except lines. This indicates that both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in the inheritance of these traits. The estimates of GCA/SCA were more than unity suggesting the predominance of additive gene effects in determining the performance of plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, No. of spikes/plant, spike length and 100-grain weight. On the other hand, (GCA/SCA) ratio was less than unity for No. of grains/spike and grain yield /plant at stress condition and combining. The interaction between SCA x Irrigation recorded a significant effect for all traits except No. of days to heading, 100-grain weight and grain yield /plant. The ratios of GCA x I x GCA was much smaller than ratios of SCA X I / SCA for the same studied characters indicating that non additive effects were much more influenced by environmental changes than GCA. The crosses (P1xP2), (P1xP5); (P3xP4), (P5xP7); (P4xP6) and (P6xP7) recorded highest mean values for plant height, number of days to heading and maturity. However, the crosses (P1xP3),(P1xP7), (P3xP6) and the cultivars Sakha 94, Giza 168 and Sids 12 were superior grain yield/plant in their genotypes could be used for improving grain yield and other studied traits under normal and stress irrigation.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve a high-definition noise filtering process (Edge-preserving smoothing) with high nondestructivity of an image structure in a general image, such as a digital photograph while appropriately coping with a residual noise problem. SOLUTION: The method comprises inputting an original image composed of a plurality of pixels, resolving the input original image by multiresolution conversion to create a plurality of low-frequency images having sequential low resolution and a plurality of high-frequency images having sequential low resolution corresponding to each of the low-frequency images, performing noise filtering processing for each of the created low-frequency images and high-frequency images, and acquiring an image created by filtering out noise from the original image based on results of the low-frequency images and high-frequency images performed noise filtration. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


BACKGROUND
Alcohol use disorder is a significant societal and medical burden that is associated with both organ pathology and addiction. Excessive alcohol use results in neuroinflammation characterized by activation of the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex, and IL-1 increase in the brain. Recent studies suggest that inflammation could contribute to alcohol addiction. Here, we targeted components of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome cascade, which senses and responds to immunologic stimuli, to determine if NLRP3 inhibition modulates alcohol consumption.

METHODS
C57BL/6J male and female mice were provided a two-bottle choice of alcohol at increasing concentrations (3, 6, 9 and 12%, four days each) or water and some were treated with daily injections of an NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950), a caspase-1 inhibitor (VX765), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra; anakinra), or vehicle injection.

RESULTS
Treatment with VX765, MCC950 and IL-1ra significantly reduced alcohol consumption and preference in female mice (p<0.05). Treatment with MCC950 and IL-1ra reduced alcohol consumption, while IL-1ra reduced alcohol preference in male mice (p<0.05). VX765 did not affect alcohol consumption or preference in male mice.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight gender differences in alcohol preference and demonstrate that inhibition of different steps in inflammasome signaling can reduce alcohol consumption in females. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inflammasome-IL-1 cascade opens novel insights into the development of new therapies to address alcohol use disorder in an era of targeted and precision medicine.


- Today concrete is extensively used for construction works. It is used just as the use of water, so the demand for cement is increasing day by day, thus contributing to world's carbon. Five to eight percent of the total emission of CO 2 is from cement industry. So to avoid this greenhouse effect geopolymer concrete is a substitute for the conventional concrete and it reduces 80% of the CO 2 gas emission. Geopolymer concrete with fly ash is being studied extensively and it shows a greener alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete.


Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturer's names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. This document does not constitute FAA certification policy. Consult your local FAA aircraft certification office as to its use. Extensive development and analysis has illustrated that fuel tank inerting could potentially be cost-effective if air separation modules (ASM), based on hollow-fiber membrane technology, could be used in an efficient way. To illustrate this, the Federal Aviation Administration has developed an onboard inert gas generation system that uses aircraft bleed air to generate nitrogen-enriched air (NEA) at varying flow and purity (oxygen concentration) during a commercial airplane flight cycle. A series of ground and flight tests were performed, in conjunction with Airbus, designed to prove the simplified inerting concept. The system was mounted in the cargo bay of an A320 operated by Airbus for the purposes of research and development and used to inert the aircraft center wing fuel tank during testing. The system and center wing fuel tank were instrumented to allow for the analysis of the system performance and inerting capability. The results of the tests indicated that the concept of the simplified inerting system is valid and that the air separation module dynamic characteristics were as expected. ASM pressure had the expected effect on flow rate and purity; however, bleed air consumption was greater than expected during cruise. The fuel tank inerting results illustrated that no stratification or heterogeneous oxygen concentrations occurred in the tank. The measured average tank ullage oxygen concentration data agreed well with a simple analytical model applied to the flight test data. The measured effect of the high-flow mode was significant, allowing the single-membrane configuration to maintain an inert ullage during the entire flight cycle, even with the very high rate of descent employed for the flight tests. Fuel had virtually no effect on the resulting oxygen concentrations observed in all the tests. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and AAR-440, Fire Safety Research, would like to acknowledge the contributions of the Airbus Company in accomplishing the very difficult task of flight testing the FAA inerting system. Airbus provided all the aircraft modification and instrumentation as well as system airframe integration. The FAA was …


Individual identification based on radiographic frontal sinus comparison is considered a reliable means of establishing positive identification. An ante mortem craniography was compared to a post-mortem craniography. However, due to the position and distance at which the X-rays have been acquired, this comparison can not be carried out by a simple visual inspection. Digital Image Processing techniques are an important contribution in this discipline because they provide a quantitative description of the frontal sinus. The present work outlines a method of comparison of cranial cavities stemming from an analysis of Form Factors and of the most significant Fourier Descriptors. Simulated and real images resulting from digital X-rays were analysed. A range of numeric values was obtained from this procedure, which, in turn, allows for an indication of the similarity between two closed curves. This contribution helps minimize the expert's subjectivity when he is to carry out an identification that should be strictly accurate.


The nervous sys tem is an extremely complex communication sys tem that can send and receive large amounts of information simultaneously. The nervous sys tem has two dis tinct parts: the central nervous sys tem (the brain and the spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous sys tem (the nerves located outside the brain and spinal cord). The main unit of the nervous sys tem is neural cells (neurons). The routine work of nerve cells is to increase or decrease the number of connections they have with other neurons. This process may somewhat explain how people learn, adapt, and shape their memories. But the brain and spinal cord rarely produce new neurons. Many people refer to neurologis ts when they have complicated or very uncommon complications of the brain and the nervous sys tem. Neurologis ts have expertise in the treatment of all types of brain and nervous sys tem disorders. They, in collaboration with a team of physicians and other professionals, determine the bes t treatment option according to your needs. They treat the disease by examining the disease. Neurologis ts, in addition to the complications lis ted below, also examine people with signs of neurology or complications from other diseases.


The high cost of purchasing high technology and severe sanctions imposed on Iran over the last decade are the reasons why economical alternatives should be assessed, such as the use of second hand technology. There is evidence to show that in Iran the use of second-hand equipment in the petrochemical industry has become commonplace in recent years. Polypropylene (PP) and Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) are produced using second hand machinery purchased from a German company and recently used machinery transferred from an Indian company was utilized in the production line of Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). In this research the three above-mentioned projects were evaluated to determine whether or not the use of second-hand machinery was economically justifiable. The method of research is descriptive analysis and output data will be estimated with Comfar software. The conclusion is that PP and MTBE projects could be justified from an economic perspective, but the MEK project failed in terms of profitability in the examined years.


HPLC with UV detection at 205 nm was applied to determination of catechin and betulin in white birch bark.Shim-pack CLC-ODS C18 column(150 mm×6.0 mm,5 μm) was used as chromatographic column,and methanol-H2O mixture(75+25) was used as mobile phase,with flow-rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.Column temperature and column pressure taken were 30 ℃ and 7.747 MPa respectively.Linear relationships between values of peak area and concentration was found in the range of 20.0-400.0 mg·L-1 for catechin and in the range of 15.0-300.0 mg·L-1 for betulin.Precision was tested by analyzing a sample for 5 determinations,giving values of RSD′s 1.67% for catechin and 2.86% for betulin.Recovery was tested by standard addition method,values of average recovery found were 95.8% for catechin and 94.9% for betulin.


The effect of gyro constant drift and initial azimuth error on the convergence time of compass azimuth is analyzed in this article. Using our designed compass azimuth alignment system, we obtain the responses of gyro constant drift and initial azimuth error in the frequency domain. The corresponding response function in the time domain is derived using the inverse Laplace transform, and its convergence time is then analyzed. The analysis results demonstrate that the convergence time of compass azimuth alignment is related to the second-order damping oscillation period, the gyro constant drift, and the initial azimuth error. In this study, the error band is set to 0.01° to determine convergence. When the gyro drift is less than 0.05°/h, compass azimuth alignment can converge within 0.9 damping oscillation periods. When the initial azimuth error is less than 5°, compass azimuth alignment can converge within 1.4 damping oscillation periods. When both conditions are met, the initial error plays a major role in convergence, while gyro drift has a smaller effect on convergence time. Finally, the validity of our method is verified using simulations.


1. The effects of benidipine hydrochloride (benidipine), a long‐acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on the development of hypertension and renal lesions were examined in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP).


In this work we make the observation that the gravitational leptogenesis mechanism can be implemented without invoking new axial couplings in the inflaton sector. We show that in the perturbed Robertson-Walker background emerging after inflation, the spacetime metric itself breaks parity symmetry and generates a non-vansihing Pontryagin density which can produce a matter-antimatter asymmetry. We analyze the produced asymmetry in different inflationary and reheating scenarios. We show that the generated asymmetry can be locally comparable to observations in certain cases, although the size of the matter-antimatter regions is typically much smaller than the present Hubble radius.


Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a subset of atoms; the second assigns each a subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficient,ly - those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of dat,a between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 10,000,000 atoms on three parallel supercomputers, the nCUBE 2 and Intel iPSC/SSO and Delta. Comparing the rcaulta to thr- filk!r-t rcported vectorized Cray Y-MP algorithm shows the current generation of parallel machines are competitive with conventional vector supercomput,ers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of about 90%. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.


ABSTRACT Site-occupation embedding theory (SOET) is a density functional theory (DFT)-based method which aims at modelling strongly correlated electrons. It is in principle exact and applicable to model and quantum chemical Hamiltonians. The theory is presented here for the Hubbard Hamiltonian. In contrast to conventional DFT approaches, the site (or orbital) occupations are deduced in SOET from a partially interacting system consisting of one (or more) impurity site(s) and non-interacting bath sites. The correlation energy of the bath is then treated implicitly by means of a site-occupation functional. In this work, we propose a simple impurity-occupation functional approximation based on the two-level (2L) Hubbard model which is referred to as two-level impurity local density approximation (2L-ILDA). Results obtained on a prototypical uniform eight-site Hubbard ring are promising. The extension of the method to larger systems and more sophisticated model Hamiltonians is currently in progress.


The sliding window protocol (SWP) is a useful protocol in network communications. It can ensure a correct data transfer over unreliable channels where frames may be duplicated, lost, or re-ordered. This paper presents an incremental formal modeling of the SWP using Event-B method. We model the protocol step by step by using refinement, a technique of Event-B. The first step will be the modeling of the most abstract specification of the protocol. Then by each refinement more details of the protocol specification will be added to the model. By this approach, the model will be a more explicit representation of the target protocol by each refinement. Through a refinement approach, we prove that the abstract goals concerning sending and receiving windows of different size of the SWP are satisfied. In the developed Event-B models of the SWP described in this paper, all proofs are generated and discharged by the Rodin tool.


Successful spinal cord repair is thought to be promoted with hierarchically structured scaffolds. These should combine aligned porosity with additional linear features on the micrometer scale to guide axons across multiple length scales. Such scaffolds are generated through the carefully controlled directional solidification of an aqueous biopolymer solution, followed by lyophilization. Under specific freezing conditions this yields a highly regular and aligned lamellar architecture. This architecture exhibits uniform ridges of controlled height and width on the lamellar surface. These ridges run parallel to the pore axis, serving as secondary guidance features. The ridges are capable of linearly aligning 62.4% of chick dorsal root ganglia neurites to within ±10° of the ridge direction. Notably, neurites sprouting perpendicular to the ridge are guided into alignment with these microridged features.


Background—Activation of the sympathetic nervous system has important prognostic implications in chronic heart failure. Nonselective versus selective &bgr;-adrenergic receptor antagonists may have differential effects on norepinephrine release from nerve terminals mediated by prejunctional &bgr;2-adrenergic receptors. Methods and Results —Thirty-six patients with chronic heart failure were randomized to the nonselective &bgr;-blocker carvedilol or the selective &bgr;-blocker metoprolol (double-blind). Measurements of hemodynamics and cardiac and systemic norepinephrine spillover as well as microneurographic recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve traffic were made before and after 4 months of therapy. In the carvedilol group (n=17), there were significant reductions in both total body (−1.7±0.5 nmol/min, P <0.01) and cardiac norepinephrine spillover (−87±29 pmol/min, P <0.01). By contrast, in the metoprolol group (n=14), there were no significant changes in total body or cardiac norepinephrine spillover. Responses in the carvedilol group were significantly different from those observed in the metoprolol group (P <0.05). Both agents caused a reduction in heart rate and increases in pulse pressure, although mean arterial pressure did not change. Importantly, microneurographic measures of sympathetic nerve traffic to skeletal muscle did not change in either group. Conclusions—Therapy with carvedilol caused significant decreases in systemic and cardiac norepinephrine spillover, an indirect measure of norepinephrine release. Such changes were not observed in patients treated with metoprolol. There was no effect of either agent on sympathetic efferent neuronal discharge to skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that carvedilol, a nonselective &bgr;-blocker, caused its sympathoinhibitory effect by blocking peripheral, prejunctional &bgr;-adrenergic receptors.


In this study, we conducted zircon U-Pb dating, and whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope analyses on the Late Mesozoic dolerite dykes in the Bailingshan Fe deposit (Eastern Tianshan Orogen, NW China) to unravel their petrogenesis and regional tectonic significance. Zircon U-Pb dating on the dolerite yielded an Early Cretaceous age of 129.7 ± 1.4 Ma. The dolerite is calc-alkaline sodic (Na2O/K2O = 4.71 to 6.80), and enriched in LILEs (Rb, K, Sr, and Pb) but depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, and Ti). The intermediate Nb/U (16.7 to 18.5) and Ce/Pb (6.33 to 6.90) values, and the presence of xenocrystic zircons in these dolerite dykes suggest crustal assimilation during the magma evolution. Petrological modeling suggests fractionation of olivine, pyroxene, garnet, and spinel. All the dolerite samples have low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7041 to 0.7043) and positive εNd(t) (+ 4.6 to + 5.1) values, indicative of a depleted asthenospheric mantle source. Partial melting modeling suggests that the melting has occurred in the spinel-garnet stability field. Integrating the data from ore deposit geology, geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes, we proposed that the Late Cretaceous Eastern Tianshan mafic magmatism was developed in an intraplate extension setting.


In France the female labor force participation has doubled over the last thirty years. But at the same time part-time work and unemployment developed considerably. So it is not sure that the female labor force participation measured by the number of hours worked still increases. Subsequently the difference between men and women may not be reducing any more. The aim of this paper is to answer some of these questions. To do this we carry out a cohort analysis. The data are the enquetes Emploi 1982-2002. For each cohort of women (born in a given year) we estimate an "average participation rate between 25 and 59 years old. We propose several definitions of participation according to whether it includes or not unemployment and part-time. We then compare the rates of the different cohorts and measure thus the growth of the female participation over time. The main results are as follows. The participation of the women (in employment or unemployment) does continue to grow. As a consequence the gap between men and women continues to reduce. But if unemployment and partial time are taken into account the participation no more increases: other things being equal the generation 1965-1970 will have the same participation rate (in full-time equivalent) as the generation 1955-1960. Moreover, the participation stopped to increase earlier for unqualified women than for qualified women. Nevertheless the difference between men and women continues to reduce because the male participation tends to decrease.


Based on the " collective land ownership of management system",the process of rural collective land ownership database of optimized design,detailed discussing the process specific work,and the development of the " Easy Map_Kq Tool. exe program" by using C# language,improve the attribute input efficiency,and realize the automatic generation cadaster archives,to provide reference for similar engineering.


Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to examine isozyme variation in 15 populations among five species of the Varipalpus group of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) . Two related species of tree-hole breeding Aedes, A. muelleri Dyar and A. purpureipes Aitken, were also examined. Ten enzyme loci were used. Aedes sierrensis (Ludlow) displayed little variation in enzyme phenotypes throughout a 2,000-km range from San Diego, Calif., to Seattle, Wash. Two diagnostic loci (ME and IDH-1) distinguished A. sierrensis from sympatric populations of A. deserticola Zavortink in California. Also, A. monticola Belkin & McDonald and A. varipalpus (Coquillett) were distinguished by diagnostic alleles at two enzyme loci (ODH and IDH-2). A. varipalpus samples were invariant at all loci examined. Two enzymes (MDH and α-GPD) appear to characterize the Varipalpus group and distinguish it from A. muelleri and A. purpureipes . Enzymatically, the Varipalpus group is a uniform assemblage of five species, although definite frequency differences exist among all members. Genetic variability in this study is similar to that reported in other Aedes studies. Phenetic cluster analysis and distance matrix trees produce different groupings of species than those suggested by morphological studies.


Objective To study the canal system's morphology and provide reference for treatment of dental disease. Methods 460 maxillary molars were observed by transparent specimen and results of root canal system were compared.Results All first molars had separate roots.Fused-roots were found in the 18% second molars and 71.7% third molars.In the maxillary molars with separate roots, most of the mesiobuccal roots(MBR) contained dental canal of typeⅣ and type I, distobuccal root(DBR) and palatal roots (PR) contained dental canal of type Ⅰ. Maxillary second molar's fused- roots had more canals with multiple opening and multiple foramen than its separate root (P 0.01).Conclusion Maxillary molar's canal system of separate root has obvious regularity and root canal system of fused-root is more complex.


Submitted for the MAR17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Attractive fermions in a 2D optical lattice with spin-orbit coupling: Charge order, superfluidity, and topological signatures1 PETER ROSENBERG, HAO SHI, SHIWEI ZHANG, William Mary Coll — Exotic states of matter, including high-Tc superconductors, and topological phases, have long been a focus of condensed matter physics. With the recent advent of artificial spin-orbit coupling in ultracold gases, and the remarkable experimental control and enhanced interactions provided by optical lattices, a broad range of novel strongly correlated systems are quickly becoming experimentally accessible. One system of particular interest, given its potential impact on spintronics and quantum computation, is a 2D optical lattice of fermionic atoms with attractive interaction. Here we examine the combined effects of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and interaction in this system, with a focus on the pairing, charge, and spin properties of the ground state, which are computed using the numerically exact auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo technique. In addition to illuminating the behavior of this exotic charge-ordered superfluid state, our results serve as high-accuracy benchmarks for the coming generation of precision experiments with ultracold gases. 1Supported by DOE and NSF Peter Rosenberg William Mary Coll Date submitted: 11 Nov 2016 Electronic form version 1.4


A study was undertaken to assess the contribution of bamboo to the vegetation structure, biomass productivity and nutrient cycling pattern in 15 to 20yr old teak plantations of Kariem-muriem Forest Range, Kerala, India. Based on the distribution pattern of bamboo colonised in these plantations three site types were recognised and they are: Site type A (bamboo rich area), Site type B (moderately bamboo rich area) and Site type C (bamboo poor area). Density, basal area, number of culms per ha, biomass, litter and net primary production of bamboo were more in Site type A than in Site types B and C. While the soils of Site types A and B were rich in potassium, those of Site type C were rich in calcium content. In addition to this, a negative correlation between above-ground biomass of bamboo and teak was recorded in Site type A. In the case of teak, the rate of accumulation and enrichment ratio of calcium were more than those of other elements. On the other hand, in bamboo, the enrichment ratio and accumulation rate of potassium were higher than in teak. The values for the above parameters in bamboo were higher for potassium than for other elements. These results show that even from the nutrient conservation and cycling point of view bamboo is the suitable species for Site type A and teak for Site types C and B. It is recommended that inter-planting of bamboo in teak plantation, especially in areas like Site types B and C is not advisable. Instead, patch-planting may be more appropriate both to get better yield and to maintain the ecosystem stability. It is also concluded that management of key elements such as potassium of the ecosystem, after disturbance or conversion of natural forests into plantations, is crucial for the stability of the ecosystem.


Adverse health effects associated with exposure to fine and ultrafine particles in ambient air (PM 2.5 = particulate matter < 2.5 mm) are well documented by epidemiology and supported by animal studies. However, the underlying mechanisms, i.e. particle properties responsible for these effects are only poorly understood. In addition, the exponentially growing production of engineered nanoparticles (NP, particles with at least one dimension < 100 nm) urgently requires the identification of possible hazardous effects. Data for inhaled environmental particles are A substantial fraction of inhaled particles is deposited in the lungs. The interaction of these particles with the inner lung surface* and resulting possible adverse effects can be studied in lung cell culture models as developed in the present project (no 89-03), supported by the 3R Research Foundation. Professor Marianne Geiser has been investigating particle-lung interactions for the past 20 years, with a focus on nanoparticles for 8 years. She and her research group aim at identifying particle characteristics and cellular responses responsible for biological effects, as well as establishing new model systems. In-vitro projects are carried out in collaboration with national and international laboratories. The past and current support by COST Action 633, the European Community (POLYSOA project) and the Swiss National Science Foundation, is kindly acknowledged. particularly pressing, because this is the major route for unwanted exposure. In fact there is evidence for prolonged retention of NP in lungs, since they circumvent phagocytosis by macrophages2. Consequently, the probability of NP uptake by the lung epithelium and/or translocation through it increases3, which is a desired effect in the event of future medical use of NP as diagnostic tools or as therapeutics.


This book reconceptualizes migration studies in India and brings back the idea of citizenship to the center of the contested relationship between the state and internal migrants in the country. It interrogates the multiple vulnerabilities of disenfranchised internal migrants as evidenced in the mass exodus of migrants during the COVID-19 crisis. Challenging dominant economic and demographic theories of mobility and relying on a wide range of innovative heterodox methodologies, this volume points to the possibility of reimagining migrants as 'citizens'. The volume discusses various facets of internal migration such as the roles of gender, ethnicity, caste, electoral participation of the internal migrants, livelihood diversification, struggle for settlement, and politics of displacement, and highlights the case of temporary, seasonal, and circulatory migrants as the most exploited and invisible group among migrants. Presenting secondary and recent field data from across regions, including from the northeast, the book explores the processes under which people migrate and suggests ways for ameliorating the conditions of migrants through sustained civic and political action. This book will be essential for scholars and researchers of migration studies, politics, governance, development studies, public policy, sociology, and gender studies as well as policymakers, government bodies, civil society, and interested general readers. © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Ashwani Kumar and R. B. Bhagat;individual chapters, the contributors.