Introduction: Three decades ago the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) [1,2] was invented to overcome several problems of parallel plate chambers. Unlike parallel plate chambers, electrodes of RPCs are made of resistive material like Bakelite or float glass. This has the effect that only a limited part of the electrode is discharged during the passage of an ionizing particle with subsequent avalanches or streamers, while the rest of the electrode remains unchanged. Wide and/or single gap RPC detectors are used in many large scale experiments to explore various directions os science. This includes fundamental research in particle physics [3,4], in astrophysics [5], in cosmology etc,. In India, RPC detectors array [INO] will play a vital role in the measurement of mass hierarchy of three flavors of neutrino mass [6]. To improve timing resolution, Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber [7,8] (MRPC) is an intelligent modification of an RPC by increasing the electric field across the gap and creating thinner layers of gas gap by inserting (electrostatically) floating glasses between anode and cathode. It can be shown that a resolution in the range of 50–100 ps is achievable with gaps of 200–300 mm. Moreover, RPCs are insensitive to the magnetic field. Finally timing RPCs have already proved in the last years to be a reliable and stable detector with sensitive larger and regularly used in a large number of experiments[9]. The response of such detector under irradiation by the γ-rays and neutrons has not been studied in details [10]. In order to explore in this direction a prototype of Multi-strip Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MMRPC) has been developed at SINP, Kolkata. In first stage of development, the design was focused on the feasibility study of the MRPC as an active part of high energy, high efficiency neutron TOF. The response of the developed MMRPC detector using γ-rays from radioactive sources and cosmic muons was extensively studied at SINP laboratory [11]. Later, the detector was taken to the electron linac ELBE at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany to study its electron response. The optimum operating condition (w.r.t efficiency, time resolution, position resolution, etc.) was studied . Time resolution of our newly developed MMRPC detector for detecting electrons is better than 91 ps and this can be achieved by operating a MRPC detector in avalanche mode [12]. Further, segmented structure in readout strips design makes the position resolution of MRPC as good as 2 cm. Measurements of time difference along the strip provides the information of position. The image reconstruction of pulsed electron beam, irradiating our developed detector, provides unique opportunity for imaging [13]. MRPCs are, thus, high granularity, high-resolution inexpensive TOF system (compared to standard scintillator with PMTs) appropriate for applied research in medical imaging (cost effective Positron Emission Tomography) [14], security purpose like cosmic muon tomography, climate change[15] etc. On-line verification of the delivered dose during proton and carbon ion radiotherapy is currently a very desirable goal for quality assurance of hadrons therapy treatment plans. Utilization of MMRPC for this purpose, may solve the problem [16]. Cosmic ray muon tomography is a novel technology to detect high-Z material and complex system imaging using MRPC[17,18].


The article deals with the problematic issues of international competitiveness of Ukrainian economy. The problems of innovation activity in Ukraine. Reflects the main directions of innovative development of global trends. The problems of innovation activity in Ukraine and substantiated link between innovation activity and international competitiveness of Ukrainian economy.


This paper explores the contribution of social identity change to international students' health and well-being. International students typically face a range of challenges from the time they leave their home country, including the need to adapt both to a new culture and norms and to a new educational landscape. Previous research informed by the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) suggests that during such life transitions, an individual's group memberships and associated social identities can provide a buffer against the threats to well-being that such transitions present. To examine the relevance of SIMIC for the transitions that international students' experience, semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 international students attending an Australian university. Thematic analysis provided support for the relevance of SIMIC's social identity gain and social identity maintenance pathways in the transition and revealed a number of associated factors that acted as either facilitators (e.g., a host family that supported community integration) or barriers (e.g., experiencing culture shock) to social identity change. These findings present the first qualitative support for SIMIC within an international student population and help to flesh out the specific ways in which social identity processes contribute to both positive and negative health and well-being outcomes.


Smart materials like piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics play a crucial role in applications such as sensors and actuators, radio-frequency switching, drug delivery, chemicals detection, and power generation and storage. Pb(Zrx,Ti1-x)O3 (PZT), close to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) with a composition of about x = 0.5 is currently the most widely used material for electromechanical applications [1]. Even though, with suitable properties of PZT, there is a need to search for alternative lead free material because of the unfriendly behaviour of PbO towards environment [1, 2]. In this regard K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) attracted special attention to replace (PZT) by the report of comparable electromechanical response of Li, Ta and Sb doped KNN based ceramics [1]. Although pure KNN has inferior electromechanical properties compared to PZT, efforts are on going to tailor and improve its piezoelectric coefficients by doping and texturing [2,3]. Templated (TGG), in which preferentially oriented growth of large, template grains were observed by consuming the matrix grains during the densification process is one of promising route to control the texture / microstructure. TGG used in this work where (K0.49Na0.49)Li0.2O3 matrix having average particle size of ~ 1 μm and (001)-oriented K0.50Nb0.50NbO3 single crystal template passing through sieve of 45 μm, previously grown by high temperature self flux grown method was used [1]. (K0.49Na0.49)Li0.2O3 matrix along with 10 wt% of single crystal templates having perovskite (ABO3) structure was synthesized by a conventional mixed oxide method. Sintering was carried out at 1100 °C for the various sintering times between 2h to 24h. The main objective of this work is to produce textured KNN based mono-phasic ceramics with compositional homogeneity. Compositional inhomogeneities normally exist in muticomponent systems. Mono-phasic and compositionally homogeneous ceramics are very important in controlling and understanding the properties [4]. Electromechanical properties are very much dependent on the crystalline phase content, crystallographic orientation, microstructure, interfaces and domain configurations. X-ray diffraction analysis showed monophasic ceramics. The texture fraction of the (001) planes was estimated from the XRD patterns using the Lotgering method. The Lotgering factor (f) is defined as the fraction of the area textured with


Signal processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes a speech recognizer to recognize speech; Voice recognition learning unit for learning the subject of the speech recognition and voice; Input control unit the speech recognition to recognize the voice that is the destination of the speech recognition of the speech, and if successful the speech recognition control unit the speech recognition learning, and when there is a failure in the speech recognition, so as to learn the input speech is includes performing a specific operation corresponding to the recognized speech control, through the study of the final relationship of the speech command and the previous command is successful as by storing the previous command has failed, unlike the intent when the to, prior to study at the time of subsequent study who can successfully take advantage of voice commands to fail. Voice recognition, failure, learning


Multiple species weighted voting (MSWV) is a genetics-based machine learning (GBML) system. MSWV uses two levels of speciation to achieve various objectives. Different species of individuals are by design assigned to each class in the data set. During training, a second level of speciation is achieved when similar individuals are allowed to automatically cluster and form subspecies. In this paper, we are going to show the importance of the automatic speciation in increasing the classification accuracy by maintaining the diversity and increasing the accuracy of the decision rules discovered. Using thirty-six real-world learning tasks we show that MSWV significantly outperforms a number of well known classification algorithms.


Now a days creating cartoon characters having animated features is quite interesting and challenging. It takes a lot of effort to sketch animated features to bring it to live. It takes time and requires specialized knowledge. It takes a lot of effort to build a cartoon character from scratch, and the end result is usually an ungainly design with low polygon intensity. This process can be simplified with the use of generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture, GAN can be trained using a library of cartoon images. GANs are made up of two networks: a generating network and a discriminator network. GANs have a lot of potential in the field of image processing due to deep networks' proclivity to create realistic images and the competitiveness of the training approach. This strategy appears to be a powerful tool for improving fuzzy photos. The basic concept underlying GAN is that it consists of a discriminator and a generator, two neural networks that compete in a zero-sum game.


Taking western Jilin Province as the study area,made use of the SEBS model,and then the land-surface parameters,such as temperature,emissivity,Albedo and NDVI,were calculated from the NOAA/AVHRR data of July 15,2000.The spatial distributing rules of the land-surface parameters in western Jilin Province are analysed,meanwhile,it is analysed qualitatively the correlation between the land-surface parameters,which would provide essential information for the study of the eco-environmental problems of western Jilin Province.


In view of the fact that the existing OTDR (Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry) system is difficult to meet the requirements of high resolution and long distance sensing, based on the optical time domain reflectometer, this paper studies the factors affecting the performance of the system by analyzingBOTDR (Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry) technology, by means of the time-varying Markoffchain model, combined with the compilation of the time-varying Markoff chain model, an code sequencepulse light technology is proposed to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio of BOTDR system. This method canrealize the long distance sensing under the condition of low detecting light power, and improve the accuracyof the sensing system by improving the data fitting method. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness ofthe method is verified by experiments..Keywords- OTDR, optical time domain


THE SECURITY today which is due to the new method of total laryngectomy permits considering enlargement of the surgical field toward the esophagus and the trachea as well as toward the pharynx and the base of the tongue. Particularly surgery at the base of the tongue has remained of extreme seriousness, and one hesitates even when such a procedure seems the logical therapeutic measure. Especially is this so when one contemplates an external approach. With laryngectomy one has an extremely easy route to the hypopharynx and the laryngopharynx. When the larynx has been removed and the head is hyperextended, the oropharynx may be inspected, and the base of the tongue and the glossoepiglottic groove and tonsils are brought into view. The tongue may thus be easily approached. TECHNIC After the larynx has been removed, the body of the hyoid bone is removed. Then, with Museux forceps, the base of the


Abstract : This paper summarizes the generic features and broad scope of F-15 and F-16 TGP tests, processes and basic theory as well as the development of rapid engineering tools. The tests and processes describe flight tests, data gathering, analyses and interpretation. The basic theory contains the derivation of coordinate transformations governing the dynamic motion of the laser beam. The rapid tools provide efficient capabilities to calculate targeting pod errors. The computational results compare TGP pointing-angle and laser-time-history data with the range Time Space Positioning Information (TSPI) data. As a result, flight test engineers can rapidly perform test and evaluation of the function and accuracy of current and future advanced laser TGP systems.


AbstrcatSince Ming Qing Dynasty,for the development of Guangdong's economy,lots of Guangdong's businessman trade in Baise.Due to their activities,Baise city's premodernization started,and tey paved way for its modernization.


A taxonomic study has been carried out on the pediococci collected from various mashes, wort, yeasts and beer, including authentic strains.From a comparison of growth ranges toward pH and temperature, degree of oxygen-requirement, halophility, fermentable sugars, salt- and hop-tolerancy, the genus Pediococcus is classified into five species, namely Pediococcus cerevisiae, P. acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, P. halophilus and P. urinae-equi.The species "P. urinae-equi" including strains isolated from the horse-urine which has been sometimes considered as an origin of "beer-sarcina" is found to be difinitely different from the beer-pediococci which are anaerophilic with an absolute requirement of CO2 for growth, incapableof growing in alkaline media or at a temperature of 35°, and have a high tolerancy for hop-antiseptic. Although BALCKE did not give a complete taxonomic description on his species "P. cerevisiae", of which name was originally adopted by him for beer-sarcina, we have regarded that the beer-pediococci belong to P. cerevisiae (cerevisiae means beer in Latin). Contrary to the opinion of PEDERSON et al. (14, 15), the strains distributed in fermenting vegetables are found to have many properties different from the beer-pediococci, i.e., maximum growth pH and temperature, hoptolerancy and CO2-requirement etc. Thus we think it is better to include them into the species P. pentosaceus MEES rather than P. cerevisiae.Other beer-sarcina strains labeled as P. damnosus, the name which has been adopted mainly by brewery researchers, may be included in the species of P. cerevisiae except P. damnosus strain No. 904 & 908 which have the same properties of P. pentosaceus.Although we do not know about the history or the origin of the strains, 904 & 908, the question arises as to an occurrence of the mutation from P. cerevisiae to P. pentosaceus. Experiments to examine such a possibility have not yet been succeeded at present.In any way, the habitat of the beer-pediococci incapable of growing in alkaline media is entirely unknown except beer and brewer's yeasts.The acid sensitive strains of Pediococcus soyae which have been recently isolated from soy-mashes in Japan are characterized by their strong salt-tolerancy and halophility. However, since they show nearly the same taxonomic properties with the strain "P. halophilus MEES (1934)" isolated from anchovy pickles, the authors have regarded them as a variety of the species "P. halophilus."We wish to warn that strains nowadays labeled as Streptococcus citrovorus or Leuconostoc citrovorum must not be classified into such genera, but should be considered as a variety of P. pentosaceus, and also the strain "Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 ATCC 8042" should be included in the species of P. acidilactici.Differing from the description appearing in BERGEY's Manual, the acid sensitive pediococci produce dextro-rotatory lactic acid in stead of the racemic form. This may be comprehended as an extreme case of restricted racemiase formation.


The coupling capacity is setup as integrated part of semiconductor chip in order to lower delta-1noise. The semiconductor chip comprises multiple embedded metal layers, a passivation layer, and multiple soldering pads above the passivation layer. The passivation layer above the metal layer is as top most layer of the semiconductor chip. Planar metal pattern on the passivation layer through one of these pads or through hole opened on the passivation layer is connected to one layer of the embedded multiple metal layers. The metal pattern can be connected to power source layer or ground layer of the chip. Thus, the metal pattern is as one electrode, the other layer is as opposite electrode, and the passivation layer is as dielectric layer. The metal pattern can also be as radiator for heat dispersion.


Christopher Adair-Toteff, Sociological Beginnings: The First Conference of the German Society for Sociology, Liverpool University Press, 2005. Dennis Altman, Gore Vidal's America, Polity Press, 2005. David M. Barlow, Philip Mitchell and Tom O' Malley, The Media in Wales: Voices of a Small Nation, University of Wales Press, 2005. Edwin L. Battistella, Bad Language: Are Some Words Better than Others?, Oxford University Press, 2005. Bernard Bel et al., Communication Processes, vol. 1: Media and Mediation, Sage, 2005. David Berry and John Theobald (eds), Radical Mass Media Criticism: A Cultural Genealogy, Black Rose Books, 2006. Jonathan Bignell, Big Brother: Reality TV in the Twenty-first Century, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Graeme Burton, Media and Society: Critical Perspectives, Open University Press, 2005. Laura Castaneda and Shannon Campbell (eds), News and Sexuality: Media Portraits of Diversity, Sage, 2006. Ted Friedman, Electric Dreams: Computers in American Culture, New York University Press, 2005. Frank J. Lechner and John Boli, World Culture: Origins and Consequences, Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Henri Lefebvre, The Critique of Everyday Life, vol. 3: From Modernity to Modernism (Towards a Metaphilosophy of Daily Life), Verso, 2005. Glen Lewis, Virtual Thailand: The Media and Cultural Politics in Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore, Routledge, 2006. James W. Neuliep, Intercultural Communications: A Contextual Approach, 3rd edn, Sage, 2006. Sarah Oates, Diana Owen and Rachel K. Gibson (eds), The Internet and Politics: Citizens, Voters and Activists, Routledge, 2006. Nikos Papastergiadis, Spatial Aesthetics: Art, Place and the Everyday, Rivers Oram Press, 2006. Yeidy M. Rivero, Tuning Out Blackness: Race and Nation in the History of Puerto Rican Television, Duke University Press, 2005. J.H. Snider, Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick: How Local TV Broadcasters Exert Political Power, iUniverse, 2005. Kevin Williams, European Media Studies, Hodder Arnold, 2005.


Ruth was 45 years old and had been hospitalized for 12 weeks for a fracture of the femur. She was also divorced, overweight, and apprehensive. The staff described her as bossy, complaining, demanding, irritable, resentful, and argumentative. Although they tried to please her, she reported to her doctor that her care was poor. It was not unusual to find Ruth sitting in the corridor, reminding nurses of what they had to do.


Microforming process is a promising approach to manufacture microparts for its high productivity, high material usage and good part properties. However, when the part size is scaled down from macro to micro level, the deformation behaviors of materials change and the size effects occur. This makes it difficult to use microforming process in industry. In the last decade, many studies have been conducted with different test methods and materials. In this paper, the main test apparatus and the methods used to study the size effect and the significant results are reported.


By combining the results of acoustical analysis, synthesis, and a perceptual test of pathological voices [S. Hiki, S. Imaizumi, M. Hirano, and H. Matsushita, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 58, S111 (1975) and S. Imaizumi and S. Hiki, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1, 64, S52 (1978)], a method of classifying tonal quality of speech sound is discussed in terms of the efficiency of generating the glottal sound source. The efficiency is defined here as the ratio of the effective energy of the glottal sound source to the necessary energy for the phonation The effective energy for transmitting linguistic information is estimated by taking into account various factors related to the vibration of vocal folds, the resonance of vocal tract, and the generation of noise components. Application of the method to the composition of perceptual scales and the selection of reference speech samples for the subjective evaluation of the tonal quality of speech sound including both normal and pathological voices is also discussed.


This article reports the first case of splenic and portal vein thrombosis evolving from tumescent liposuction. The patient was a 47-year-old white female. Within 48 hours of the surgery, the patient developed generalized abdominal cramping and discomfort without fever, diarrhea, or vomiting. Radiological analysis with ultrasound and CT could not differentiate between fat or blood emboli. Heparinization and hyaluronidase use are acknowledged as controversial measures, but surgeons should be alerted to the potential for a tumescent-liposuction-induced thromboembolic event and become sensitized to its signs and symptoms.


Genomic sequences are fundamentally text documents, ad- mitting various representations according to need and tokenization. Gene expression depends crucially on binding of enzymes to the DNA sequence at small, poorly conserved binding sites, limiting the utility of standard pattern search. However, one may exploit the regular syntactic structure of the enzyme's component proteins and the corresponding binding sites, framing the problem as one of detecting grammatically correct genomic phrases. In this paper we propose new kernels based on weighted tree structures, traversing the paths within them to capture the features which underpin the task. Experimentally, we nd that these kernels provide per- formance comparable with state of the art approaches for this problem, while oering signicant computational advantages over earlier methods. The methods proposed may be applied to a broad range of sequence or tree-structured data in molecular biology and other domains. over the resulting tree structures. In contrast to earlier node-labelled trees, these representations are also edge-weighted, with numerical values assigned to each arc connecting nodes within a tree, and we hae developed a number of new kernels which allow evaluation of this edge-weighted similar- ity. These are presented here in the context of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classication for the bacterial promoter problem, but they have more general ap-


In the field of nuclear safety, there are many physically complicated phenomena such as internal molten fuel phenomena during severe accident, intricate corium behavior in the reactor vessel, and molten corium concrete interaction. Since these phenomena are difficult to be investigated separately or integrally by experiment, numerical simulation is preferred for a multifaceted analysis. With the development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Eulerian based fixed-grid methods are able to solve most of the thermal hydraulic and hydrodynamic problems. However, the problems including irregular boundaries require additional treatments, such as mesh re-construction and Volume of Fluid (VOF) consuming a high computational cost. Otherwise, Lagrangian based meshless methods have the advantage of solving problems with free surface flow, interfacial flow, or large deformation because the moving mesh or material point representing the fluid moves along the flow stream. One of the Lagrangianbased meshless methods, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method represents the fluid as moving particles and solves the system using particle summation. Using the SPH method, SOPHIA Plus code, the multi-dimensional and multi-physics code, was developed in Seoul national university in order to simulate specific nuclear safety-related phenomena. SOPHIA Plus was based on Weakly Compressible SPH (WCSPH) method that allows a slight compressibility of fluid and the code was implemented on a single GPU. In addition, SPH-formulated models for viscous force, surface tension, multi-phase, heat transfer, turbulence, and elastic solid mechanics were applied [1]. Besides, Incompressible SPH (ISPH) model was also applied, enabling to simulate fully incompressible fluid flow [2]. These models were verified/validated through the simulations of various nuclear safety-related phenomena [1, 2]. However, from the recent simulation experience, the limitation of single GPU was confirmed and the need for multi-GPU had emerged. To improve the accuracy of simulation requires high-resolution simulation and to solve comprehensive phenomena demands large-scale simulation. Nevertheless, the computational resource of a single GPU is insufficient to handle a number of particles of high-resolution and large-scale simulation. Multi-GPU system where the multiple GPUs are executed in parallel, 1) allows memory usage more than single GPU's memory and 2) distribute computational load to multiple GPUs' resources. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize multiple GPUs to overcome the limitation of particle numbers. The objective of this paper is development of multiGPU based SOPHIA Plus code for high-resolution and large-scale simulation. First, the previous single-GPU based SOPHIA Plus code was extended to multi-GPU parallel computation code by applying concurrency programming technique. Then, the code acquired capability of handling more than 10 millions particles with six GPUs equipped on PCIe fabric subsystem. Finally, in order to verify the computational performance, three-dimensional dam break simulation using 10 million particles was performed.


Two articles have a hygiene focus. Aletor (p. 108) presents an illuminating account of his experiences as resident medical officer in Akoko-Edo in Nigeria. White (p. 115) describes strategies used as a community college in Sussex for learning food hygiene. A methodology for setting practice criteria in healthcare is the subject of an article by Zaenger and Al-Assaf (p. 112). These authors point out that practice criteria are an important part of healthcare and have taken a new prominence in the trend to address quality-of-care issues. The research paper by Littlewood and co-workers (p. 85) draws attention to continuity and quality of care for patients with regard to contracting arrangements. Smoking continues to be an area of concern as it is a causative factor in


This paper seeks to examine the relationship between the exchange rate, the quantity of exported cashew nuts and the price received by producers in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte from January 2010 to June 2016. The study is justified by the fact the production chain of cashew nut almonds has a great socioeconomic importance in the state in question. To achieve the purpose of the study, Granger causality tests and the econometric model of autoregressive vectors (VAR) were used. The analysis results demonstrated that exports react to exchange rate changes to a greater extent only in the short term. Moreover, the series were shown to have basically autoregressive structures.


The United States of America through its International Coooperation Administration, commonly known as the Point Four Program, has contributed millions of dollars to the underdeveloped countries to assist them in increasing their agricultural production and in providing the basic services of education, health, and welfare for their peoples. During the last decade a new program called "Community Development" has been promoted by the International Cooperation Administration. The objective of this program has been to raise the standard of living among rural populations, with agriculture, health, industry, and education serving as the areas of major emphasis. The United States and the underdeveloped countries both have sizeable financial investments in the programs so it is important that they be viewed critically. Certain important questions should be constantly asked: What progress has actually been made in improving the life of the rural peopli? Is there some other method which would be a more effective way of assisting rural people?


SINCE ZIELINSKI, most scholars have felt that words in normal Latin speech were subject to elision in a manner at least similar to that exhibited in poetry.' The argument is twofold. First, the proportion of favored clausulae in the speeches of Cicero is higher if it is assumed that elision occurs in cases of vowel junction. Second, poets do not normally invent phonetic phenomena that have no basis in normal speech patterns (although they preserve some beyond their normal lifespan). The first argument is partially circular, since we have no guide to the ideal relative frequency of the clausulae other than our own empirical surveys.2 The second is valid, but only in a very broad sense. It does not tell us under what circumstances Latin speech required or admitted elision. Studies of the grammarians have frequently been careless; their interpretation has been


In this work, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are optimized to manipulate signal polarization and improve the uplink performance of a dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network. By multiplexing subsets of users in the polarization domain, we propose a strategy for reducing the interference load observed in the successive interference cancelation (SIC) process. To this end, dual-polarized IRSs are programmed to mitigate interference impinging at the base station (BS) in unsigned polarizations, in which the optimal set of reflecting coefficients are obtained via conditional gradient method. We also develop an adaptive power allocation strategy to guarantee rate fairness within each subset, in which the optimal power coefficients are obtained via a low-complexity alternate approach. Our results show that all users can reach high data rates with the proposed scheme, substantially outperforming conventional systems.


Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow are frequent among overhead athletes. The incidence of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions (UCLRs) in high-level players has increased dramatically over the past decade, but the optimal technique of UCLR is controversial. Surgeons need to manage the patients' expectations appropriately when considering the mode of treatment. This article reviews current studies on the management of ulnar collateral ligament injuries, particularly in overhead athletes.


The actuator (10) for a motor vehicle drive train, with - a control device (12), - an actuator (14, 16) and - a drive circuit (18, 20) for the actuator, the at least one setpoint signal (30-36) relating to an actuator of the control device (12) receives and into a drive signal (38, 40) for the actuator is reacted, - wherein the control means (12) by means of a monitoring device (70; 72) is checked for errors, and wherein the drive circuit (18, 20) and / or disposed between the drive circuit and motor power stage (22, 24) upon occurrence of such an error, a reset signal (76, 78) receives and said control means (12) is adapted to the function of the drive circuit (18, 20) to be checked and in the event of a malfunction of a reset signal (76, 78) for the drive circuit (18, 20) and / or (for the power stage 22 24 to produce), wherein said control means (12) is adapted to a control signal (46, 48, 64, 66) of the actuator (14, 16) on ...


We prepared N-doped double carbon coated MnO composites and explored their applications in lithium ion batteries and oxygen reduction reaction.


Numerical simulation has been widely employed to investigate the compressible flows since it is difficult to carry out the experimental measurements, especially in the reactive flows. The shock-wave capturing scheme will be necessary for resolving the compres‐ sible flows, and moreover the careful treatments of chemical reaction should be considered for proceeding numerical simulation stable and fast. Recently, the present authors have tried to establish a high-resolution numerical solver for computing the compressible reactive flows. This chapter presents the numerical procedures acquired in this solver for computing the fluxes using weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme, dealing with chemical stiffness problems, and tracing droplets and their interaction with the compressible fluids. As examples, the Taylor-Green vortex (TGV) problem considering the passive scalar mixing, the spatially developing reactive mixing layer flows taken gas-phase hydrogen, and liquid n -decane as fuel are simulated, respectively. Many important characteristics of flow, flame, and ignition are analyzed under the supersonic condition.


A high-pressure high-resolution NMR study for 2,11-dithiaI3.3.n]paracyclophanes (n=1,2) revealed that the Hx protons of ring A shift notably to high field, whereas the Ha,b protons of ring B move to low field. Reduction of the partial volumes under high pressure, being effected by changes in the dihedral angles, is responsible for the chemical shift changes.


Web surveys have become popular in many fields of research. To compensate persisting undercoverage and nonresponse problems of web surveys, weighting strategies are used. However, the underlying assumptions of weighting are rarely tested. If the probability of missing data depends on the missing data itself (missing not at random, MNAR), no standard weighting method will correct for nonresponse or undercoverage bias. We postulate a MNAR selection effect due to health conditions. Using real data from large scale non-internet surveys in different countries (European Social Survey (ESS), $n \approx 55,000$, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), $n \approx 492,000$), large differences in general subjective health between Internet users and non-users can be observed. Weighting by calibration on age, gender, ethnic background, urban residence, education and household income does not eliminate the observed health differences. Therefore, the underlying missing data mechanism might be considered as an example of MNAR. If this holds, no weighting strategy will be able to eliminate health bias in web surveys.


Two experiments were performed to examine whether the perceptual grouping by shape similarity affected visual stream segregation (VISS), in which four lights appear to be a set of two apparent motion (streams) when flashed at a moderately fast rate. Sixteen undergraduates found the upper limits of the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) for producing VISS under various conditions of arrangement of shape in four vertical positions. The experiments showed that the SOA was longer where the grouping by shape similarity was compatible with the original grouping of VISS than where there was no grouping due to shape. They also showed that the SOA was shorter where the grouping by shape was not compatible than where there was no grouping due to shape. The results indicate that, in addition to the flashing rate of the lights, the perceptual grouping is another important factor to produce VISS. They also show that VISS is a type of apparent motion affected by the perceptual organization among stimuli in the display.


Unipolar-light emitting diode like structures were grown by NH3 molecular beam epitaxy on c plane (0001) GaN on sapphire templates. Studies were performed to experimentally examine the effect of random alloy fluctuations on electron transport through quantum well active regions. These unipolar structures served as a test vehicle to test our 2D model of the effect of compositional fluctuations on polarization-induced barriers. Variables that were systematically studied included varying quantum well number from 0 to 5, well thickness of 1.5 nm, 3 nm, and 4.5 nm, and well compositions of In0.14Ga0.86N and In0.19Ga0.81N. Diode-like current voltage behavior was clearly observed due to the polarization-induced conduction band barrier in the quantum well region. Increasing quantum well width and number were shown to have a significant impact on increasing the turn-on voltage of each device. Temperature dependent IV measurements clearly revealed the dominant effect of thermionic behavior for temperatures from roo...


Objective: To investigate the diabetic knowledge of patients with diabetes in Ugur, to elevate the patients, knowledge about diabetes, to change bad lifestyle and to improve the metabolic index. Methods: A diabetes club with the number of 1 562 age from 13 to 82 was set up and teaching materials were compiled by our staffs. The questionairs were filled in by patients and knowledge of diabetes, blood glucose, HbA1c, blood lipid, and blood pressure were evaluated before and after the activity. Results: 35.78 percent of diabetic knowledge was resourced from staffs. There was a significant change in scores of grasping diabetic knowledge (P0.05) and in blood glucose, blood lipid, and blood pressure (P0.05) after systemic and scientific health education. Patients, self-care ability enhanced notably. Conclusion: Health education in DM is beneficial to better control of the disease and needed in DM management. It is advantage to control the blood glucose, to prevent acute complications and to delay chronic complications.


To the Editor: Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) is characterized by well-circumscribed depigmented macules with epidermal atrophy; it most frequently affects the vulvar area in perimenopausal women (1). While it is uncommon for LSA to show a wide-spread distribution, we encountered a woman whose LSA diffusely involved her trunk and extremities. This 55-year-old woman was referred to our department with skin lesions on the trunk and extremities. She first noticed a sclerotic lesion on her left forearm 14 months earlier. Gradually, the lesions became more sclerotic and spread over her entire body. On examination, the skin on her trunk and extremities was diffusely sclerotic, and irregularly-shaped erythematous patches with hyperor hypopigmentation were noted on the lesions (Fig. 1). Her ano-genital region was not affected. A biopsy specimen obtained from her neck revealed hyperkeratosis with follicular plugging, atrophy of the epidermis, pronounced edema, homogenization of the collagen in the upper dermis and some areas showed hydropic basal degeneration (Fig. 2). Elasticavan Gieson staining showed decreased elastic fibers in the upper dermis; alcian-blue staining revealed deposits of mucin in the collagen fibers of the reticular dermis. Based on clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of LSA was made. No antibodies were detected against the nucleus, doubleand single-strand DNA, ribonucleoprotein, Jo-1, or topoisomerase. She did not have antibodies against Borellia or hepatitis C virus, which have been shown to be associated with LSA (2, 3). Her thyroid hormone, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels were within normal limits. Other routine laboratory examinations were unremarkable. A chest Roentgenogram disclosed no abnormality. She had reached menopause a few months prior to her visit to our department. There was no past illness The Journal of Dermatology Vol. 32: 1048–1050, 2005


In the study reported here, we extended the probit model for forecasting an economic recession by using the yield-curve spread as the explanatory variable to forecast a bear stock market and tested market-timing strategies based on the model. We found that the value of the yield spread between the composite 10-year+ U.S. T-bond yield and the three-month T-bill yield holds important information about the probability of a bear stock market. We discuss our out-of-sample market-timing tests at various probability screens of a forthcoming bear market in one month. At a 50 percent probability screen, our simulations show that, for the period studied, a market timer switching out of stocks (T-bills) into T-bills (stocks) one month before a bear (bull) stock market could have realized a compound annual return of 16.46 percent versus 14.17 percent from a stock-only buy-and-hold strategy. This result is economically significant. Some researchers have suggested that the stock market returns from being able to predict turning points in the business cycle would be enormous. The unanswered question has been how investors can predict economic turning points with any precision. Recently, however, a probit model has been developed to predict, based on the shape of the yield curve, four quarters in advance whether the U.S. economy will go into a recession. Combining these two areas of research, we suggest that it may indeed be possible to time the stock market. Specifically, if the yield spread is useful in forecasting turning points in the business cycle four quarters in advance and if an investor can use that knowledge to carry out a viable stock-market-timing strategy, then conducting a stock-market-timing strategy eight months after a strong signal is received, by way of the magnitude of the yield spread, might beat a stock-only buy-and-hold investment strategy. We tested this idea by conducting an out-of-sample simulation based on an eight-month lag between the yield spread and the stock market. The results were disappointing. We were successful, however, in developing a probit model for forecasting downturns in the stock market one month ahead based on the yield spread as the explanatory variable. The basic data we used are the monthly S&P 500 Index levels and the yield spread between 10-year+ T-bonds and three-month T-bills. A bear market was defined as six or more consecutive months of a generally declining stock market. To determine the profitability of using the probit market-timing strategy versus a simple stock-only buy-and-hold strategy, we performed out-of-sample simulations. We obtained total monthly returns, including dividends, for the S&P 500 for the period January 1971 through December 1999. We also obtained corresponding 30-day T-bill returns. Using the out-of-sample time series of probabilities obtained from our probit model, we simulated a market-timing strategy beginning in January 1971 of investing 100 percent in an S&P 500 mutual fund if the probability of a bear stock market one month later was less than X percent or investing 100 percent in T-bills if the probability of a bear market was greater than X percent. In each successive month through December 1999, the investment position was reassessed and changed in accord with the probability of a bear market one month later. In the simulations, we used three probability screens (or values of X)—30 percent, 40 percent, and 50 percent. Each of the probit market-timing strategies outperformed the buy-and-hold strategy. The terminal value of investing $1 over the 29-year period in a stock-only buy-and-hold strategy would have produced $46.71 and an annual compound return of 14.17 percent. When a bear market probability screen of 50 percent was used, the terminal value was $83.02 and the annual compound return was 16.46 percent. Thus, our probit market-timing strategy yielded an extra $36.31 in terminal value or, on an annual basis, an additional 2.29 percentage points in annual return. Moreover, the strategy based on our probit model produced a significant timing coefficient when we applied the model for statistically evaluating market-timing ability. Thus, the probit market-timing strategy produced a larger mean excess return than a stock-only buy-and-hold strategy at a lower level of total and systematic risk than is inherent in the market portfolio. Finally, the parsimonious nature of our model makes it particularly attractive for use by market timers.


Anthropometry is the single most universally applicable, inexpensive, and non-invasive method available to assess the size, proportion and composition of the human body. Moreover, since growth in children and body dimensions at all ages reflect the overall health and welfare of individuals and populations, anthropometry may also be used to predict performance, health and survival (WHO, 1995). Shortly after World War II, the relationship between weight and cardiovascular disease became a subject of epidemiological studies. The best index was the ratio of the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters, or the Quetelet Index described in 1832 by Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874). The Quetelet Index was termed the Body Mass Index in 1972 by Ancel Keys (Eknoyan, 2007). Today, however, as standards of living continue to rise, weight gain and obesity are posing a growing threat to health in countries all over the world. Obesity is a chronic disease, prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting children as well as adults (WHO, 2000). ADOLPHE QUETELET Fig.1. Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874) Adolphe (Fig. 1) was born in the historic Belgian town of Gent on 22 February 1796, the fifth child of a family of nine children. He grew in politically challenging and intellectually stimulating times. An exceptionally talented student, his mathematical abilities were evident early, when he received prizes in algebra, geometry, grammar and drawing in secondary school. He was the first recipient of a doctorate in science from the University of Gent, when he was only 23 years old (Eknoyan, 2007). In developing his index, Quetelet had no interest in obesity. His concern was defining the characteristics of 'normal man' and fitting the distribution around the norm. His pioneering cross-sectional studies of human growth led him to conclude that other than the spurts of growth after birth and during puberty, 'the weight increases as the square of the height', known as the Quetelet Index until it was termed the Body Mass Index in 1972 by Ancel Keys (1904–2004) (Eknoyan, 2007).


In this research paper we explore the various developments that have occurred to build crawler that feed the search engines. After systematic literature review of algorithms related to information retrieval, we have found that most of the search engines became irrelevant in terms of their results as internet grew, and the challenge remains as fresh as ever in developing algorithm that can have high precision and recall values. Since all search engines take their data fed using crawlers, it is critical to improve its working. Now, due to size Big Data Generic Crawlers are no longer applicable in real life. So there is an urgent need to develop a domain specific crawler built on stock of existing algorithms like LSI so that they become relevant again, the paper proposes such domain specific crawler algorithm.


Plasmonic spectral properties of silver nanoblocks fabricated by electron beam lithography are investigated. The extinction spectra of silver nanoblocks showed a red shift, broadening, and damping with the passage of storage time. In contrast, silver nanoblocks with titanium coating on the top did not show apparent spectral change even after storage for two months. Morphological change of the silver nanoblocks was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The present work clearly demonstrates that coating titanium on the top of the silver nanostructures is an effective way to prevent them from chemical corrosion and stabilize their plasmonic spectral properties.


The inheritance of resistance to leaf freckles and wilt was studied in two greenhouse and two field trials of a set of diallel crosses between 10 early maturing maize inbred lines. Inheritance of resistance in six F 2 populations derived from resistant X susceptible and intermediate X susceptible crosses was also studied in the greenhouse and field. General combining ability was much more important than specific combining ability for disease resistance. General combining ability effects were generally consistent between trials, whereas specific combining ability effects were not (...)


The on-board sensors' view of an automated vehicle (AV) can suffer from occlusions by other traffic participants, buildings, or vegetation, especially in urban areas. However, knowledge of possible other traffic participants in the occluded areas is crucial for an energy and comfort optimizing control of an AV. In such a case, information from infrastructure sensors sent via vehicle to anything (V2X) communication can help the AV. Fur such cases, we have developed and prototypically implemented a concept where an infrastructure environment model is generated from infrastructure sensors on a multi-access edge computing (MEC) server of an LTE/5G mobile network. This information extends the AVs' field of view and is beneficially integrated into their motion planning schemes. In this article, after a description of the modules of our approach, we present and discuss real-world results from our pilot site on a public junction with prototype AVs.


We initiate the study of interval-valued Q-fuzzy qu asi-ideal of a semigroup. In Section 2, we list some basic definitions in the la t r sections. In Section 3, we investigate interval-valued Q-fuzzy subsemigroups and in Sectio n 4, we define interval valued Q-fuzzy quasi-ideals and establish some of their ba sic properties.


CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY BENEFIT HOLDS UP IN CLINICAL PRACTICE The benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) relative to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy alone has not been evaluated in routine clinical practice. This study used data from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry's ICD Registry linked with Medicare claims data to compare outcomes after CRT-D and ICD implantation in community practice. The analysis included 7090 propensity matched patients who underwent either CRT-D or ICD implantation between 2006 and 2009 at one of 780 US hospitals participating in the NCDR ICD registry. Patients were over age 65 and met criteria for CRT-D implantation (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% and QRS duration ≥120 ms). Over 3 years of follow-up, CRT-D was associated with lower risk of mortality (HR 0.82, 99% CI 0.73–0.93), all-cause readmission (HR 0.86, 99% CI 0.81–0.93), and heart failure readmission (HR 0.78, 99% CI 0.69–0.88) compared with ICD therapy. However, CRT-D was also associated with a higher risk of device related infection (HR 1.90, 99% CI 1.07–3.37). In subgroup analyses, the reduced risk of heart failure readmission was most prominent among patients with left bundle branch block or QRS duration of at least 150 ms.


(57) Abstract: the steps of: (a) tetrahydrofuran and third from the reaction mixture comprising a catalyst can produce oxonium ions to produce a polymer or copolymer; (b) a nucleophilic reagent added Te, forms a polymer or copolymer having at least one hydroxyl group; and (c) a polymer or copolymer, the following structural formula:


he Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare found out that, if recent demographic trends persist, there would be just 500 Japanese left in the year 3000. By that time it will probably become difficult to lobby for the continuing existence of DIJ (unless it has joined the ranks of German Historical Institutes abroad). While this may not be the most disquieting effect of the developments we are witnessing at the present time, the prospect provides an additional incentive to study them. Japan is aging. It has aged noticeably since a few decades ago, and has aged relative to other countries in the region. In the 1940s, Japan's population was young, sporting a median age of just 22. Since then the median age has almost doubled to 42, the highest in the region by a large measure. What horizontal comparisons with other countries (Table 1) and vertical ones with the past (Table 2) reveal is that demographic statistics are a strong indicator of developmental and national well-being. Clearly, the demographic changes Japan experienced over the past six decades tell the story of a remarkably successful society. People don't die during the hazardous first years of their life, they don't die of disease, they don't die of war and violence, they don't die of smoking, alcohol and too much fat food, and so they get older by the day. Cannot this go on forever? Since the beginning of the 1990s, Japan has been in what even optimists call a prolonged crisis. Once extolled as a model to be emulated by others, Japanese capitalism has produced a sluggish economy, a scandal-ridden bu-


The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the work, the cost incurred society since their attraction Bono waves and analyzing the economic impact caused by the activities of local community-based nature of the public revenues attractions Kampar river. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results showed that before the existence of attraction waves Bono work is dominated by agriculture, but after attractions waves Bono a lot of work in the field of trade, an increase in infrastructure such as access roads, as there are many lodging or hotels and restaurants. With the development does attractions waves Bono certainly a positive effect on income for the community around the area, the more the number of tourists who come will certainly affect the income of society that can take advantage of this opportunity, especially merchants. Keywords: Economic Impact, Marine Tourism, Revenue, and Local Communities


A demand controller is a device whose basic function is to monitor and attempt to limit maximum metered electric power demand. The types and features of available demand controllers are described and the attitudes of utilities toward the use of these devices are discussed. (LCL)


Course construction and reform is the core of improving teaching quality as well as difficult points in teaching reform.This article elaborates the design of ship auxiliary course,which is based on ocean-going ship engineer of marine auxiliary machine working process,engineer job duties and working process.The selection of course content and the design of the course learning environment are based on ship engineer competency requirements.The whole teaching process is action-oriented.The teaching contents,maritime conventions implemetation and business requirements are well integrated so as to achieve the training goals of highly skilled personnel.


The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an active matrix LCD panel used for an active matrix LCD device including the step of forming the gate electrode 32 and the pixel electrodes 10 as a common layer to reduce the number of photolithography steps . The common layer is a pixel electrode 10 is obtained by etching a metal film prior to the formation of the transparent conductive film (32a) and a metal film amorphous silicon film (35) and, TFT comprises a (32b).


In bit-depth scalable video coding, the tone-mapping scheme used to convert high-bit-depth to eight-bit videos is an essential yet very often ignored component. In this paper, we demonstrate that an appropriate choice of a tone-mapping operator can improve the coding efficiency of bit-depth scalable encoders. We present a new tone-mapping scheme that delivers superior compression efficiency while adhering to a predefined base layer perceptual quality. We develop numerical models that estimate the base layer bit-rate (Rb), the enhancement layer bitrate (Re), and the mismatch (QL) between the resulting low dynamic range (LDR) base-layer signal and the predefined base layer representation. Our proposed tone curve is given by the solution of an optimization problem which minimizes a weighted sum of Rb, Re, and QL. The problem formulation also considers the temporal effect of tone-mapping by adding a constraint to the optimization problem that suppresses flickering artifacts. We also propose a technique with which to tone-map a high-bit-depth video directly in a compression-friendly color space (e.g., one luma and two chroma channels) without converting to the RGB domain. Experimental results show that we can save up to 40% of the total bit-rate (or 3.5 dB PSNR improvement for the same bitrate), and, in general, about 20% bit-rate savings can be achieved.


The present invention relates to efficient energy management system and method for service instances IOT. The method comprising: a prediction step of, based on the service instance branch target service instance model prediction in a subsequent time period to be serviced; selecting step, cover set according to the example corresponding to key target service, the critical covering use a centralized sensor history data, and energy parameters of the sensor, the sensor is turned on in order to provide the selected service instance based on the target service to open a set; control step, at the beginning of the period, the IOT switch sensor controls the opening sensor set sensor is turned off and a set of sensors other than the sensor opening; and an updating step of, based on the use of the period of the sensor, the sensor update using historical data.


Finite state machine (FSM) takes an important part in digital logic system. FSMs partition is one of the effective methods in regards to low power technique. Most of time only one of sub-FSMs need to be clocked, consequently power is saved. In this paper, we propose a high performance algorithm based on state transitions probability and low complexity control logic to implement the partitioned FSMs. The cost from one sub-FSM to other sub-FSMs could be minimum, and the transitions probability in one sub-FSM should be maximum. Based on the low complexity of control logic, we further give an optimized hardware architecture for the partitioned FSM model. Our proposed scheme has been implemented by using tsmc 45 nm technology library. Experimental results show that an average power reduction of 59% has been obtained for a set of standard FSM benchmark circuits.


Carrick,
  Michael
  (M.A.
  Philosophy) Taking
  Luck
  Seriously:
  A
  Critique
  of
  Enoch's
  Third-‐Factor Pre-‐established
  Harmony
  Explanation Thesis
  directed
  by
  Associate
  Professor
  Chris
  Heathwood In
  this
  paper
  I
  criticize
  David
  Enoch's
  purported
  solution
  to
  what
  he
  terms
  the epistemic
  challenge
  to
  robust
  moral
  realism.
  The
  epistemic
  challenge
  is
  a
  challenge
  aimed at
  the
  robust
  moral
  realist
  to
  explain
  how
  there
  could
  be
  a
  close
  enough
  correlation between
  normative
  truths
  and
  normative
  beliefs
  for
  humans
  to
  have
  knowledge
  of
  the normative
  truths
  given
  that
  there
  cannot
  be
  a
  causal
  relation
  between
  the
  normative
  truths and
  the
  normative
  beliefs.
  Enoch
  suggests
  a
  third-‐factor
  pre-‐established
  harmony
  between normative
  beliefs
  and
  normative
  truths
  as
  an
  explanation
  of
  the
  correlation;
  this explanation
  will
  be
  examined
  in
  detail
  below.

  Enoch's
  solution,
  I
  contend,
  is
  unsatisfying for
  two
  reasons.
  First,
  his
  explanation
  relies
  on
  a
  miraculous
  correlation;
  second,
  it
  violates the
  sensitivity
  condition
  for
  knowledge.


Ischia Island is an active volcanic area in the Campanian Magmatic Province (CMP). Although currently quiescent, Ischia volcano has been active in historic time, most recently in 1302 A.D.. The present activity is characterised by the widespread occurrence of surface hydrothermal manifestations, such as hot water discharges from wells and springs, steam and gas emissions (fumaroles), and diffuse soil degassing. High thermal fluxes and the intense hydrothermal circulation at Ischia Island have been a matter of interest since the '50s (Ippolito, 1942; Penta, 1949, 1954; Penta & Conforto, 1951a,b). Thermal manifestations on the island have been interpreted as reflecting the surface discharge of a complex and multi-reservoir hydrothermal system, where fluids of formerly meteoric and/or seawater origin get-heated and chemically modified by the interaction with magmatic volatiles (Panichi et al., 1992; Caliro et al., 1999; Inguaggiato et al., 2000; Chiodini et al., 2004). Chemical and isotopic features of 120 thermal groundwater samples (collected from wells and springs) concentrated along the coastal areas of the island, and of 5 free gas emissions, located in the major fumarolic areas of the island, are here discussed. Data have been acquired during a series of hydrogeochemical surveys, performed between 2006 to 2007, and are here integrated with previous measurements performed by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Palermo, in the attempt to provide a comprehensive model of hydrothermal circulation on Ischia. One of the most prominent characteristics of Ischia groundwaters is a remarkable heterogeneity in their chemical composition and physical-chemical parameters. Discharge temperatures measured both in springs and well waters vary in a wide range from 13 to 90°C. Their spatial distribution (Fig. 1) indicates that Fig. 1 Spatial distribution map of discharge temperature of Ischia groundwaters. Samples are distinguished as according to their position: the Eastern-sector (white circles), the Northern-sector (black diamonds), the North-North-Westernsector (white triangles), the Western-sector (white squares) and the Southern-sector waters (grey triangles).


Abstract. The extraction of the magnetic signal induced by the oceanic M2
tide is typically based solely on the temporal periodicity of the signal.
Here, we propose a system of tailored trial functions that additionally takes
the spatial constraint into account that the sources of the signal are
localized within the oceans. This construction requires knowledge of the
underlying conductivity model but not of the inducing tidal current velocity.
Approximations of existing tidal magnetic field models with these trial
functions and comparisons with approximations based on other localized and
nonlocalized trial functions are illustrated.


Spin filtering with electrically tunable efficiency is achieved for electron tunneling between a quantum dot and spin-resolved quantum Hall edge states by locally gating the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) leads near the tunnel junction to the dot. The local gating can change the potential gradient in the 2DEG and consequently the edge state separation. We use this technique to electrically control the ratio of the dot–edge state tunnel coupling between opposite spins and finally increase spin filtering efficiency up to 91%, the highest ever reported, by optimizing the local gating.


Brain midline shift (MLS) is one of the most critical factors to be considered for clinical diagnosis and treatment decision-making for intracranial hemorrhage. Existing computational methods on MLS quantification not only require intensive labeling in millimeter-level measurement but also suffer from poor performance due to their dependence on specific landmarks or simplified anatomical assumptions. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised framework to accurately measure the scale of MLS from head CT scans. We formulate the MLS measurement task as a deformation estimation problem and solve it using a few MLS slices with sparse labels. Meanwhile, with the help of diffusion models, we are able to use a great number of unlabeled MLS data and 2793 non-MLS cases for representation learning and regularization. The extracted representation reflects how the image is different from a non-MLS image and regularization serves an important role in the sparse-to-dense refinement of the deformation field. Our experiment on a real clinical brain hemorrhage dataset has achieved state-of-the-art performance and can generate interpretable deformation fields.


Introduction Course Description The number of distance education courses available in American higher education has increased substantially over the past decade. The number of higher education students enrolled in an online course during the fall 2005 term was close to 17% of the total population of 17 million students (Allen and Seaman, 2006). The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate a one credit introductory horticulture course delivered exclusively online. This course has five modules covering the basic horticulture topics of: plant identification and characteristics; plant growth and development; the rooting environment; selecting plants for the landscape; and putting plants in the landscape. Eleven graduate students (37.9%), nine undergraduate seniors (31.0%) and nine adult learners (31.0%) have completed the course since fall 2006. Evaluations revealed an overall course rating of 3.90 (scale: 1=poor; 5= excellent). When asked what aspects contributed most to their learning, three themes were prevalent: the assignments (40.5%), the lectures (27.0%) and the asynchronous environment (10.8%). When asked what distracted from their learning four themes were evident: difficulty of the assignments and format (17.5%), wanting more in the lectures (15.0%), technical problems (15.0%) and problems with assignment feedback and grading (10.0%). The number of distance education courses available in American higher education has increased substantially over the past decade. A report from the National Center for Education (2003) stated that 56% of all two and four year institutions offered distance education courses during the 2000-2001 academic year. Further, the number of higher education students enrolled in an online course during the fall 2005 term was close to 17% of the total population of 17 million students (Allen and Seaman, 2006). Student demographics in online courses include undergraduate and graduate students, as well as nontraditional students and high school students. When asked why they chose an online course, many students cited needing to resolve scheduling conflicts or to meet an academic requirement (Cavanagh, 2006; Mansour and Mupinga, 2007). Although many students are enrolling in online courses, the literature supports the idea that students with selfdiscipline and motivation are better suited to the asynchronous environment (Waschull, 2005). Roval et al. (2007) suggest that students enrolled in online courses may self-select because they are more intrinsically motivated than their traditional counterparts. After reviewing the literature on distance education courses and analyzing current distance course offerings at Iowa State University, a one credit introductory horticulture course to be delivered exclusively online was developed. The objective of this research was to evaluate this online horticulture course. The evaluation centered on student demographics, as well as how the online environment impacted course delivery, and what aspects of the course contributed or distracted the most from student learning. The online one-credit course has five modules Student Perceptions of an Online Introductory


A gluteraldehyde treated prototype cholera toxoid lot No. 21201 by Wyeth laboratories was field tested on 92838 participants from field study area of the Cholera Research Laboratory in rural Bangladesh. Volunteers received on a double blind basis either 0.5 ml of toxoid (100 mcg) with protamine and aluminum phosphate adjuvants or 0.5 ml of adult dose Diphtheria-tetanus toxoid. 74% of them received a 2nd dose 6 weeks later. A serological survey was conducted among all volunteers of every 33rd family by taking finger-stick blood in saline (1:10) immediately prior to the 1st injection and 6 weeks after the 1st and 2nd injections. The supernate of blood sample was assayed for vibriocidal Inaba antibody by microtechnique and antitoxin antibody by a passive hemaglutination specially developed by the Laboratory. Antitoxin titer was also determined on every 5th sample by rabbit skin assay for coroboration. Cases were defined as patients who were seen at the field hospital with a complaint of diarrhea whose stool or rectal swab yielded V. cholerae on culture. A brief review of the efficacy data of the field trial that was presented at the 11th US-Japan Joint Conference on Cholera is given; in Inaba cholera the overall protection of the entire year for all ages was 26% but almost all of the protection was restricted among the 5 to 14 year olds during the 1st 90 days while in the case of Ogawa cholera no significant protection was seen in any age group at any time. As 60% of Ogawa infections occurred in the later part of the epidemic modest levels of protection of brief duration would not have been detected. The toxoid did not stimulate a rise in vibriocidal titer but as expected from previous reports from Bangladesh higher titers were noted with increasing age. Due to one initial extra 2-fold dilution of the plasma the passive hemagglutination assay for antitoxin quantification proved to be less sensitive than the rabit skin assay. The data of skin assay shows that a higher proportion of individuals with 10 AU/ml or more was noted in younger ages confirming earlier observations of an inverse relationship between age and serum antitoxin among residents of endemic areas of Bangladesh. A modest rise in vibriocidal Inaba titer and antitoxin titer that was detected in the placebo participants was accountable for the estimate of overall clinical and inapparent infection rate in epidemic of 1974. To seek serological and clinical attack rates by correlates calculating the numbers at risk in each vibriocidal/antitoxin category no distinct pattern was found in 1-4 age group. In 5-14 group attack rate had no correlation with antitoxin titers. However while disregarding the antitoxin titer the rates decrease with elevation of vibriocidal titer. (authors modified)


INTRODUCTION TO WILLIAM INMON AND RALPH KIMBALL Mr. William (Bill) Inmon is known as the "Father of Data Warehousing", entitled for coining the term "Data Warehouse" in 1991. He defined a model to support "single version of the truth" and championed the concept for more than a decade. He also created "Corporate Information Factory" in collaboration with Ms. Claudia Imhoff. Mr. Inmon is known to have published 40+ books and 600+ articles.


ABSTRACT Alkylresorcinol (AR) content was determined in multiple-stage whole wheat and whole rye flour sours, as well as in whole wheat and whole rye flour doughs and breads. AR content decreased considerably during fermentation and baking. AR content was reduced by 20 and 46%, respectively, at the end of sourdough starter fermentation of whole wheat and whole rye flour sours. AR content, which was 512 and 210 μg/g in whole rye and whole wheat flour doughs, respectively, was 30 and 0 μg/g, respectively, after baking of breads. Synthetic AR added at different levels to doughs was also greatly reduced during fermentation and baking.


With the present research we present a preview of an ambitious investigative project currently being carried out that pursues the study and analysis of all the geometric mosaics of Roman Baetica, most especially their composition and/or geometric design. Additionally, we offer a general view of the investigative course of action, the method, and the technique among other things, and an overview of the obtained results up to this point. The sheer quantity of floor mosaics obtained from within the territorial borders of ancient roman Baetica and the complexity of this assignment due to the utilized methodology make it so that our research advances rather slowly. Even so, we currently have more than half of the mosaics of Baetica catalogued and analyzed. The study ́s progress and a rather large portion of the catalogue of geometric designs have been recently published and are available at: Vargas Vázquez 2014, íd. 2016. Throughout this research we hope to demonstrate the importance of the mosaic in the roman province of Baetica as a highly prized and demanded element, in both urban and rural environments. We seek to highlight the geometry of the mosaic expressed in its various and interesting forms, designs and/or compositions that are both simple and complex, and in many cases fruit of a marketed and evident creativity, singularity, and originality.


Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality seen predominately in preterm infants. Multiple factors are associated with the pathogenesis of NEC. The widespread use of antibiotics in the neonatal intensive care unit might play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants. This review provides a summary on the intestinal microbiota in preterm infants with a focus on how antibiotic exposure may reduce the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota and may predispose preterm infants to NEC.


Eldest daughter of Professor and Mrs R J D Graham, Anne Louis Margaret Graham graduated in 1950. Her first appointment was as house surgeon in obstetrics and gynaecology to Professor Margaret Fairlie at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Dundee. Medical and surgical house jobs followed before she became registrar at the Princess Mary Maternity Hospital in Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1955 she was appointed senior registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology at Dryburn Hospital, Durham.

In 1960, she …


Objective To study the isolation and purification condition of pristimerin from Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.Methods Pristimerin was isolated and purified by polyamide column chromatography and silica gel column chromatography,and the content of pristimerin was determined by HPLC.The main isolation factors were optimized.Results The optimum isolation conditions were as following: the weight ratio of sample to polymide was 0.02,75% methanol was used for eluent.Under the conditions above,crude product was obtained,which was further purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized.Finally,the purity reached to 98%.Conclusion This method is simple and economic,which could be used in industry.


The use of online discussion forum is slowly integrated into classroom teaching and learning as studies have proven that it contributes to positive learning environment. In order to know how to use the online discussion forum effectively, this study was conducted. The research objective was to identify the online discussion strategies employed by the participants. This case study involved fifteen second semester Engineering Technology Malaysian undergraduates. Data were gathered from a focus group interview, individual interview and participants' reflective notes. Five participants volunteered to be interviewed individually and the remainder were interviewed in a focus group interview. The participants were interviewed immediately after their online discussion activities. The participants were also asked to reflect on their opinions regarding their online discussion experience after each online discussion activities. These findings indicate that participants employed three online discussion strategies to facilitate their project work, namely: 1) outlining and organising ideas before posting 2) understanding others' responses before posting their ideas online, and 3) reconfirming their own statements before posting.


Currently, with the galloping development of logistics in our country, a great number of logistics parks are being built somewhere. However, many of them lack a general layout planning. In this paper is first analyzed the principles of layout planning of regional logistics park and is put forward the layout planning method of logistics park in combination with fuzzy clustering theory. On its basis and at the end, preliminary analysis is performed for the issue—general layout of Hunan provincial logistics park and feasibility of the method provided is verified in this paper.


untreated reinforced phenol formaldehyde with different weight per centages of oil-palm- fibre (x) are measured simultaneously using the transient plane source (TPS) technique between 80 to 120"C. The composites investigated contain 20, 30 and 50 weight per centage of oil-palm-fibre. The experimental results at different weighted composites show that there is variation in A" and Xc in this temperature range. However, a maximum value of A" and Xc is observed at 100"C, which lies in the vicin it y of glass transition temperature (Tg) of these composites. Efforts are also made to predict the weight per centage of oil-palm-fibre (OPF) and temperature dependence of A" and Xc through the development of an empirical model. Theoretical predicted values of A" and Xc for these composites are in agreement with experimental results over the entire range of temperature for investigation s


The displacement effect in the theory of body motion in waves is discussed from the view-point of perturbation theory.First of all, in order to clarify the physical meaning of the displacement effect, a body motion in an unbounded fluid is discussed. Then the first order problem of a body motion in a uniform flow with free surface and the second order problem of a body motion in a still water with free surface are discussed.It becomes clear that the displacement effect appears in the velocity potential by making use of the space coordinate, and then it cancels out the displacement effect which appears in the pressure equation, when the pressure on the body is calculated.


Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen used as a model for enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections in mice. While in the host, C. rodentium must adapt to stresses in the gastrointestinal tract such as antimicrobial peptides, pH changes, and bile salts. The Cpx envelope stress response (ESR) is a two-component system used by some bacteria to remediate stress by modulating gene expression and is necessary for C. rodentium pathogenesis in mice. To investigate genes in the Cpx regulon that may contribute to C. rodentium pathogenesis, RNA-Seq, SILAC, and microarray data from previous research was mined and the genes yebE, ygiB, bssR, and htpX were confirmed to be strongly upregulated by the presence of CpxRA using lux reporter constructs. To determine the function of these genes in vivo, knockout mutants were tested in C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeJ mice. Although none of the mutants exhibited marked virulence phenotypes, the ΔcpxRA mutant had reduced colonization and attenuated virulence, as previously determined. We also found that the absence of the Cpx ESR resulted in higher expression of the LEE master regulator, ler. In addition, we determined that the ΔcpxRA mutant had a growth defect in medium simulating the colon, as did several of the mutants bearing deletions in Cpx-upregulated genes. Overall, these results indicate that the ΔcpxRA virulence defect is not due to any single Cpx regulon gene examined. Instead, attenuation may be the result of defective growth in the colonic environment resulting from the collective impact of multiple Cpx-regulated genes.


Abstract The presence of different stages in the thermal decomposition process of CuCa(HCOO) 4 has been established by means of TGA at different heating rates, X-ray powder diffraction of quenched samples, and DSC methods. During the first stage, decomposition of one of the two copper formate structural units contained in the unit cell takes place. The presence of CuCa 2 (HCOO) 6 has been detected. Calcium formate structural units break down at higher temperatures; the last decomposition peak corresponds to the appearance of different calcium–copper oxides.


Fogo selvagem is an autoimmune blistering skin disease that principally occurs among rural Brazilians living in geographically clumped disease foci. Exposure to hematophagous black flies possibly is related to the cause of the disease. We compared the occurrence, proportions, and richness of simuliid species immatures and the biting activity of adult females within a recently discovered, high prevalence focus of fogo selvagem, the Limão Verde Terena Reservation, to that of neighboring regions with no reported cases of fogo selvagem. Nine black fly species were collected from 12 stream sites during 5 trips to the fogo selvagem focus. The species showed longitudinal (upstream-downstream) trends in occurrence, proportions, and richness, and the abundance of simuliid immatures was greater at downstream sites. The most prevalent species at the focus, Simulium nigrimanum (Macquart), dominated the stream sites with highly abundant simuliid assemblages, and was the most common black fly in human bait collections. This species was absent or in very low numbers in neighboring valleys and villages that did not have cases of fogo selvagem.


[Background] Salmonella is an important food-borne pathogen causing disease such as gastroenteritis, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in humans and animals worldwide. The pathogenic mechanism is still unclear. Gene knockout plays an important role in studying the pathogenicity of Salmonella, however, currently it is time consuming and the success rate is very low. S. typhimurium has a Type VI secretion system (T6SS). The component Hemolysin-coregulated 2530 微生物学通报 Microbiol. China Tel: 010-64807511; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; http://journals.im.ac.cn/wswxtbcn protein (Hcp) may play an important role in its pathogenicity. [Objective] To establish a quick and effective gene knock out system by knocking out the three Hcp encoding genes in S. typhimurium, thus to study the pathogenicity of Salmonella. [Methods] Kanamycin resistance gene fragments with homologous upstream and downstream sequences of hcp genes were amplified with pKD4 as template, and then were introduced into S. typhimurium which has Red recombination system enzyme. Then pCP20 were electroporated into the cells to delete the integrated kanamycin resistant gene from the recombinant bacteria. [Results] Both individual hcp genes and their recombinations were successfully knocked out from the genome of S. typhimurium. We also summarized some solutions to the problems we may encounter. [Conclusion] Red recombination system is a good method to knock out genes in S. typhimurium. We can improve the efficiency by optimizing the experimental conditions such as the length of the homologous fragment, the concentration of the PCR templates, the time point for L-arabinose addition and the culture temperature. It is a simple and efficient method and deserves to be popularized.


The available technology enables us to access a large amount of data shared by tourists on tourism web platforms. Such data include the exact geographical location visited, the time of a visit, and the identifier of a visitor. This article aims to identify the visitor flows in the North East Adriatic region. Visitor flows are groups of repetitive movements of visitors through the geographical space within a certain travel. We identified 31 groups of strategic visitor flows between 188 destinations in the region. The proposed methodological approach is unique and had not been used in this context before. By connecting new approaches in destination management and economic planning, we aim to improve the theoretical and practical knowledge in this field.


The results of a study on the isolation of microorganisms decomposing styrene are presented in this paper. Bacteria showing such an ability were isolated from the bed of an experimental biofilter purifying exhaust gases from a cable factory's coil-wire varnishing division. in order to isolate the bacteria, styrene a cable factory's coil-wire varnishing division. in order to isolate the bacteria, styrene . in order to isolate the bacteria, styrene was introduced into the medium in the amounts of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml/l. Also, the air in the desiccators, where the microorganism culture was performed, was saturated with styrene. The study also describes the ability of isolated bacteria strains to degrade styrene. These additional studies were carried out in flask cul - tures (periodically) and gas wash bottle cultures (semi-continuously). isolated bacteria metabolized styrene that was contained in the air at maximum concentrations of about 1300 mg m -3 . The most active bacterial isolates for styrene utilization were: utilization were: were: Streptomyces halstedii, Bacillus megaterium, Sphingobacterium spiri- tivorum, Bacillus cerus. The efficiency of styrene biodegradation was up to 100%, and the rate was about 23 g m -3 h -1 .


This paper outlines an interdisciplinary framework for conducting research on drinking patterns and problems, reflecting a social-ecological perspective on person-environment interactions (Stokols, 1996). The sheer volume of existing alcohol research precludes a systematic and thorough review of all relevant sources. This paper presents a set of arguments about implicit disciplinary and methodological assumptions that have slowed the development of meaningful interdisciplinary approaches to research on drinking patterns and problems. The longer online version of the paper presents these arguments in detail and outlines basic elements of a conceptual framework for research that involves three central constructs studied at four levels of analysis and incorporating three distinct methodological perspectives. That version presents selected empirical studies and theoretical statements with reference to the coordinates provided by these dimensions.
 Problems in Formulating an Interdisciplinary Conceptual Framework
Implicit Assumptions About Appropriate Levels of Analysis
One prominent approach to the study of drinking patterns and problems emphasizes the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of alcohol use and its consequences in populations. This tradition imports collectivist assumptions from epidemiology and sociology by using national-, regional-, and community-level measures of drinking patterns and problems. Several traditions within this approach can be identified, each adopting its own measurement strategies for assessing drinking patterns and problems (Babor, 1990). For example, Grant (1993) distinguishes among three epidemiological perspectives on population-level drinking phenomena. From the perspective of psychiatric epidemiology, discrete or categorical measurement strategies are used to classify populations with


The extent of plastic flow in a spherical solid (assumed to be homogeneous and elastically and plastically isotropic), surrounding a concentric rigid sphere was calculated as a function of applied external pressure. The applied pressure necessary to cause plastic deformation throughout the solid was obtained.


Marvell's relationship to Cavalier poetry has been a significant topic of interest for critics of his work, promising as it does to shed some light on both his place within the genres and styles of mid-seventeenth-century verse and on the complexities of political positioning evident in his earlier work. But Cavalier poetry is itself a complex and non-uniform category, with such complexities evident both in the difficulties of organizing and applying such a label to a group of poets and their work, and in the problems of accommodating significant differences and antagonisms between varying modes of Cavalier writing. In line with this understanding, this chapter explores Marvell's poetic relationship to his Cavalier contemporaries in a way which recognizes that they can't easily be comprehended as a fixed point of reference with which to measure Marvell's own place in the poetic landscape of the time.


The Beijing 325-m Meteorological Tower (325MT) is used to observe the vertical variation of solar radiation. Results of the experiments indicate that the automatic radiation monitoring system, including a sun tracker and data collection system, works well and all the specifications meet WMO observation standards. The measurement data show that there is a significant radiation decrease from 320 m to the surface, where the difference is only about 30 W m-2 on light air-pollution days, while the maximum reaches about 110 W m-2 when heavy pollution appears near the ground. The global UV radiation decreases on heavy air-pollution days and under poor visibility conditions, and the difference between 300 m and 8 m is larger than on clear days.


The aim of the study is to make a whole morphologic characteristic and to assess the quantitative and qualitative patterns of finger images and sexual dimorphism among individuals from South Bulgaria. We studied a set of dermatoglyphics of 229 subjects from South Bulgaria (69 males, 160 females), clinically healthy, without ties of kinship to one another, aged 18 to 30 years. Rolled fingerprints were obtained by the ink method. Papillary patterns were classified into four main types. The data were analyzed with statistical software. We found pronounced gender differences in the quantitative and qualitative fingerprint patterns. Males have higher values of ridge number and also of Furuhata and Cummins's indices, while in females the higher values are in Poll and Dankmeijer's indices. The existence of gender-dependent expression of fluctuating asymmetry shows a tendency for a more pronounced asymmetry in males, gender related peculiarities in the course of the embryonic period.


Sexual harrassment does occur in the schools, and when it does, the administrator may be held liable, warns this writer. She looks at the need to educate administrators, teachers, and students about the problem.


Bonded copper interconnects were created using thermo-compression bonding and the dicing yield was used as an indication of the bond quality. SEM images indicated that the Cu was plastically deformed. Our experimental and modeling results indicate that the effective contact area is directly proportional to the applied load. Furthermore, for the first time, results have been obtained that indicate that the dicing yield is proportional to the effective contact area. It is also shown that films with rougher surfaces (and corresponding lower effective bonding areas) have lower dicing yields. A quantitative model for the relationship between measured surface roughness and the corresponding dicing yield has been developed. An appropriate surface-roughness data acquisition methodology has also been developed. The maximum possible applied load and the minimum possible surface roughness are required to obtain the maximum effective contact area, and hence to achieve optimum yields (both mechanically and electrically).


Material systems that can be used to flexibly and precisely define the chemical nature and molecular arrangement of a surface would be invaluable for the control of complex biointerfacial interactions. For example, progress in antifouling polymer biointerfaces that prevent non-specific protein adsorption and cell attachment, which can significantly improve the performance of an array of biomedical and industrial applications, is hampered by a lack of chemical models to identify the molecular features conferring their properties. Poly(Nsubstituted glycine) "peptoids" are peptidomimetic polymers that can be conveniently synthesized with specific monomer sequences and chain lengths, and are presented as a versatile platform for investigating the molecular design of antifouling polymer brushes. Zwitterionic antifouling polymer brushes have captured significant recent attention, and a


Different pools of stem cells assure the intestinal epithelium homeostasis and regeneration. We recently reported that Krt15+ intestinal cells harbor self-renewal, multipotent and regenerative capacities, characteristics consistent with a stem cell population. p53 has been associated with the development of various types of cancer, and recent studies suggested it also regulates adult stem cell behavior in some tissues. However, its role in the maintenance of intestinal stem cells has not been explicitly covered. Therefore, we hypothesize that Trp53 loss specifically in Krt15+ intestinal stem cells will perturb the epithelial homeostasis and differentiation.

 Identify the role of Trp53 in the regulation of intestinal stem cell and intestinal homeostasis

 To induce Trp53 loss specifically in Krt15+ cells, we generated Krt15 CrePR1;Trp53fl/fl ( Krt15△Trp53) mice and induced Cre recombination by injecting RU486 (PR agonist). Mice were euthanized after Cre recombination at different time points. Organoid cultures were established from control and experimental mice.

 Two-month post Cre recombination, we observed no major morphological changes in the intestinal epithelium. However, we observed that crypts isolated from Krt15△Trp53 mice died rapidly and had difficulties forming organoids. When hyperactivating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway through CHIR treatment, we observed that budding capacity was maintained in experimental organoids while control organoids formed mainly cysts as expected. We also observed an increased in Paneth cell-specific genes, suggesting an enrichment in Paneth cells. Interestingly, the expression of EpHB2 receptor and its target genes was decreased in organoids derived from Krt15△Trp53 mice. Ephrin signaling plays a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis by regulating cell position and migration, and previous studies suggest that ephrin receptors are a target of p53. Indeed, twelve-month post Cre recombination, altered architecture of crypt and villi was noted in the small intestinal epithelium of Krt15△Trp53 mice. Differentiation towards secretory cell types, specifically Paneth, goblet, and tuft cells, are significantly increased in Krt15△Trp53 mice. Interestingly, we also observed crypt cells expressing both goblet and Paneth cell markers suggesting dysfunction in the cell fate decision. Finally, decreased Notch pathway activation was also observed supporting that Trp53 loss, specifically in Krt15+ cells, leads to a dysregulation of secretory cell fate.

 Loss of Trp53 specifically in Krt15+ cells affects the small intestinal homeostasis and secretory cell differentiation. Decreased Notch and ephrin signaling support the possible role of Trp53 in cell fate decision and self-renewal.

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Abstract:As more than one critic has pointed out, Jane Austen's novels are self-consciously intertextual texts, responses to and revisions of inherited discourse, of which Northanger Abbey (1818) is the most obvious because it is about novels, novel reading and novel writing. Furthermore, it is a fiction chock full of characters who write their own strategic fictions for self-em- powering reasons. After all, they are representations of the self-fashioning, middle class capitalistic subject, and are invested in promoting their own self-value and making the best deal in the market, particularly the marriage market, even if it is a market in which men have the advantage since they determine women's market value, and even if the novel's heroine, Catherine, only ends up falling into a good match due to general and, more particularly, economic ignorance. However, notwithstanding Catherine's ignorant obliviousness to market strategies, and notwithstanding critical assessments, which insightfully conclude that Catherine becomes trapped in a seemingly endless number of patriarchal narratives of which she is never fully free, through the use of indirect free speech Austen and Catherine's voices converge in concluding that women are often disempowered by tyrannical patriarchal narratives in which they are forced by financial necessity or induced by cultural hegemony to participate. Of course, Catherine then marries into a narrative that Henry controls, but, it must be noted, Catherine, by the sheer force of her unregulated desire, has instigated, and helped to shape and frame it. At the same time, in the final gestures of the text, by presenting an indistinguishable parade of parodie and serious morals, Austen emerges as the William Thackeray-like puppet master of Vanity Fair. She self-consciously writes a purposefully intertextual and metafictional fiction in order to represent herself as the empowered, self-authorizing, desire producing, and meaning making subject, at the expense of her heroine. In other words, Austen uses rhetorical strategies including numerous seemingly empty religious signifiers to point to herself as God (or at least a God)-and she does so without ever undermining religion, God the Father, or women's cultural fathers.As Natalie Neill points out, Jane Austen's "novels offer slanted readings and pointed revisions of an inherited body of literature.... To undervalue the metafictional character of her work is to limit its intertextual space, to reduce it to a one sided conversation" (163). While this may be a bit hyperbolic since all texts are part of an inextricable web of discourses, surely Neill is correct when she goes on to argue, "Austen's dia- logue with earlier fiction is perhaps most evident in her parody Northanger Abbey (1818), which is about novels[,]... novel reading" (163)1 and, I would add, novel writing. Furthermore, it is a fiction chock full of characters who write their own strategic fictions for self-empowering reasons. After all, they are representations of the self-fashioning, middle class capitalistic subject invested in promoting their own self-value and making the best deal in the market, particularly the marriage market, even if it is a market in which men have the advantage since they determine market values (Zlotnick 280), and even if its heroine, Catherine, as Mark Loveridge puts it, only ends up falling into a good match due to "her lack of prudential awareness" (12), and because, as Susan Zlotnick argues, of her general and economic ignorance (289). However, notwithstanding Catherine's ignorant obliviousness to market place strategies, and notwithstanding Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar and Joseph Litvak's insightful conclusion that Catherine becomes trapped in a seemingly endless number of patriarchal narratives of which she is never fully free, through the use of indirect free speech2 Austen and Catherine's voices converge in concluding woman are often disempowered by tyrannical patriarchal narratives in which they are forced by financial necessity or induced by cultural hegemony to participate. …