randi for inspiration. (57, 237) While this may be true for the theologically elite in the movement as Kaiser demonstrates, others such as George Knight have observed, in vernacular Adventism the "dictation imagery" was taken as much more than metaphorical in reinforcing the absolute reliability of inspired texts whether biblical or those of Ellen White. The issue behind the verbal-plenary concept was the need for the texts to have authority. Inerrancy and verbal inspiration were the means to that end. Kaiser overlooks this issue. Some Adventist scholars, shaped by their convictions that Ellen White's charisma bore the mark of the divine, and in light of her own 'all of God or all of Satan' binary account of the source of her gift, have been reluctant to offer any critique of the actual content of the writings she generated. In this study, Kaiser concedes that Ellen White on occasion may have misunderstood her own revelations, "neglected" to correct individuals for their wrong views, and neglected to set out a "systematic explanation" of inspiration, (100) but he seems unwilling to engage in a critique of the content of her writings as he so very ably does for the other voices he discusses. For example, in his discussion of Alonzo T. Jones's evolving viewpoint on inspiration he considers Jones to be entirely at fault for his inadequate views. There is no consideration that a lack of perspicuity or inconsistency in Ellen White's texts contributed in any way to Jones's difficulties. Nor is there any discussion of the extent to which Ellen White herself may have nurtured Jones and her readers in general in their inadequate views through her strong emphasis on the authority to be accorded her charisma. Some discussion of both of these would have contributed to a more complete picture. The value of Kaiser's study of the development in Adventist thinking on inspiration is enhanced by his careful, thorough enquiry into the context of his sources and by the breadth of the sources his study embraces. He draws not only on Seventh-day Adventist periodical literature but relevant periodicals from other faith traditions and has accessed extensive correspondence and unpublished material recently made available by the custodians of Ellen White's literary estate. This has enabled him to challenge and clarify numerous misinterpretations. While a detailed list of contents helps to guide the reader, the lack of an index is an unfortunate editorial decision complicating access to the book's truly excellent content. Kaiser's abundant, richly detailed footnoting provides a valuable aid for those who wish to understand the nuances of the debate or undertake further study of their own on the topic.


In order to increase grain yield of rice, a series of field experiments were conducted using cultivars, Shendao 3 and Shendao 9, with semi-erect panicles treated with seeding rate, transplanting density and application levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The results indicated that grain yield of Shendao 3, or Shendao 9, was affected by the treatment factors. For the two cultivars, high yield could be achieved when N, P and K were applied and plant densities were performed with the amounts corresponding to the level codes 1, 0, -2, 0 and 0. Conversely, deficiency or over application of N, P and K, or plant density, could decrease the grain yield. Increasing application level of the fertilizers from very low (code -2) to very high (code 2), agronomic efficiency (AE) of N, or P, decreased substantially.


Apreviously healthy 16-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department (ED) with irritability after a partially witnessed exploratory ingestion of pills. The child was in her usual state of health when her father dropped her off at her grandmother's house before his work in the morning. When he picked her up several hours later, he found her unsupervised in the bedroom eating ''white pills'' out of her grandmother's purse. The child's father was able to remove visible fragments of pills from her mouth, and after being given some fruit to eat, she had 4 episodes of emesis. The child was immediately driven to the ED. Upon arrival to the ED, the girl is irritable, diaphoretic, and seems as though she cannot get comfortable lying in her father's arms. She continues to cry and is only intermittently able to be consoled. She is afebrile; her heart rate is 152 beats per minute; her blood pressure is 87/59 mmHg; her respiratory rate is 46 breaths perminute; and her hemoglobin oxygen saturation is 100% in room air. The girl's pupils are 3 mm bilaterally and reactive; her mucous membranes are moist; and she has no oral lesions. Her breath sounds are clear to auscultation; her heart has a regular rhythmwith a normal S1 and S2; and her bowel sounds are normally active. She has good tone, and her deep tendon reflexes are normal. An intravenous line is placed; laboratory studies are obtained; and a bolus of 20 mL/kg of normal saline is administered. The girl's blood dextrose concentration is 158 mg/dL, and she is discovered to have a serum potassium level of 3.7 mmol/L and carbon dioxide level of 16 mmol/L with an anion gap of 24 mmol/L. Her complete blood cell count, serum hepatic transaminase concentration, and urinalysis results are all unremarkable. The serum lactate is 2.4mmol/L (reference range, 0.5Y1.6mmol/L), and an electrocardiogram shows sinus tachycardia. Urine and serum samples are sent for toxicological assessment. Despite fluid resuscitation with 40 mL/kg of normal saline and further attempts to console the child, she remains tachycardic. Because of persistent agitation and uninterrupted crying for 30 minutes, a computed tomography scan without contrast of the brain is obtained, which is also unremarkable. The grandmother arrives to the hospital and admits to having over-the-counter diet pills and ibuprofen in her purse. There are no other medications in the house.


A twin-free substrate material, CaYAlO4, was synthesized and used for the epitaxial growth of single crystal YBa2Cu3O7-δ and Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 thin films for the first time. The lattice parameters of ttus new substrate are a=b=3.648 Å and c=11.89 Å. The dielectric properties, similar to those of LaAlO3, are 20(dielectric constant) and 4×10-5 (loss tangent) at 5 GHz and 77 K. Initial attempts at film growth on this substrate indicate degradation of both superconducting and microwave properties possibly due to interdiffusion.


The use of a query language processor for decision support of cross-country movement in an image-based geographic information system is evaluated. It is found that query processing yields results which are comparable to those obtained using conventional cross-country movement techniques and analysis. Query processing also provides a flexibility of information extraction, rapid display, and flexible decision support in time-critical, limited data situations.


The authors of [Phys. Rev. D 94, 014502 (2016)] reported about a careful analysis of the impact of lattice artifacts on the $SU(3)$ gauge-field propagators. In particular, they found that the low-momentum behavior of the renormalized propagators depends on the lattice bare coupling and interpreted this as the result of its being affected by discretization artifacts. We discuss here a different interpretation for these results.


A mobile platform-based rehabilitation robotic system with a lower-extremity exoskeleton was developed for people with disabilities to allow them to perform therapeutic exercises and to support daily living activities. The system consists of a weight support module, a locomotion module, and an exoskeleton module for lower extremities. We collected the needs and feedback of users and clinical experts from a previously developed system. In this paper, we review important points for the design of a system for people with motor impairments of the lower extremities. This system is an example of a human-in-the-loop system. We focused on the physical interaction between the human subject and system. As a pilot study, we checked the pressure of the harness supporting the weight of the subject.


Modern scientific experiments can generate large amounts of data, which may be replicated and distributed across multiple resources to improve application performance and fault tolerance. Whilst a number of different replica management systems exist, particular communities usually adopt a single system. This creates problems when an application program spans more than one community, because it may need to target more than one middleware layer. One solution to this problem is to build a more flexible data access layer above the specific replica middleware. In this paper, we discuss such an architecture, the Grid Replication Framework, which provides applications with an abstract interface to existing replica systems. Further, the framework's flexible plug-in architecture makes it easy to support new middleware as it becomes available.


This paper explores the role of agriculture in the development of the capitalist world economy, and in the trajectory of the state system. At present, when food security and foreign debt command policy attention, it is useful to examine the assumptions behind attempts to build up national agricultures in Third World countries. We maintain that these assumptions, when considered from a world-historical perspective, have certain shortcomings in theory and real obstacles in practice. Our argument is that contrary to the prevailing development model of the ideal national economy in which agriculture and industry complement one another dynamically (Rostow 1960; Johnston & Kilby 1975; Senghaas 1988), the historical relations between 'agriculture' and 'industry' have been rather more fluid and global in scope. The very distinction between advanced capitalist and underdeveloped or peripheral economies assumes that the former, in contrast to the latter, are articulated, that is, the main growth dynamic derives from intersectoral exchanges within the national economy (Amin 1974; de Janvry 1981). We argue, however, that this unexamined assumption applies possibly to one nation-state only, and then only for a brief historical period in a context of growing transnational capital movement that has increasingly precluded the model's extension to other countries. This case is the United States, in which agriculture was a source of demand for domestic industry during the period of protectionism accompanying late nineteenth century British hegemony and its decline through to the end of the Second World War. Yet even then US agriculture was principally export-oriented. The ideal of national inter-sectoral balance nevertheless stems from this historical conjuncture, and gained currency with the rise of American hegemony and the proliferation of modernization and dependency theories that generalized the American model. Our goal, then, is to reconstruct a preliminary history of agriculture to shed light on its impact on the state system, and thereby to offer a critique


The paper analyses psychological factors determining teachers' readiness for innovative activities, the influence of dynamic, static and variable character of the latter being considered. The revealed psychological features can form the basis of development of the innovation orientation of students.


The use of palm oil biowastes, mostly frond and the empty fruit bunch (EFB) with poultry litter in composting were studied. The objective of this study was to study the effect of poultry litter (PL) on composting process of palm oil biowaste (POB) to determine the best ratios of palm oil biowastes and poultry litter in composting process. In this study the characteristics and physicochemical changes in bin composting of palm oil biowaste (POB) and poultry litter (PL) were studied. The POB is the mixture of frond and empty fruit bunch (EFB) and the application of such biomasses for value-added purposes such as composting needs to be explored and investigated. Palm oil biowaste was mixed with poultry litter in 3 different ratios such as 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 and adjusted to 40% moisture content. The decomposing materials were frequently watered and turned. It was placed under shade and allowed to decompose for 11 weeks. Poultry litter was mixed with POB to ensure a nutrient balance in the compost mixture. Results showed that the pH for all samples at the end of the process was near to natural value. All samples were in the optimum range of C:N ratio ( ≤ 25 ); however 1:3 ratio of POB and PL had the lowest C:N ratio


The purpose of the reintroduction of the variable "state" to the public life of charity resources mobilization,and the expansion of the space of the "state" role is to break up the many assumptions of inclusive social determinism,and to reflect on the "logic of civil society" of the existing charities and philanthropies.Since the reform and opening-up,the political and ideological tints of the public resources' mobilization process has gradually faded and the process has returned to normal state of daily life,and the philanthropy and charity resources mobilization also has gone through the "re-nationalization" process led by the government.We must stand on the surface of the intersection of state and society,to seek a dynamic coordination and balance between the state powers and functions and social forces in resource mobilization.


Human safety has become one of the most targeted field for the researchers, owning it to its grave importance and the increased competition in the market for human safety gadgets. Hundreds and thousands of human safety devices (HSD) are being developed because of the rapid advancement in the field of Internet of things (IoT) that involve sensing technologies, embedded systems, wireless communication technologies, variety of sensors etc. An essential function of these devices is human activity recognition (HAR). Present human safety devices continuously track human activities with the help of sensors and track down any unusual activity by performing sensor data analysis (SDA)using machine learning (ML) algorithms. This paper aims at reviewing the latest reported systems for human safety and listing down the various sensors that can be used in human safety devices to detect unusual activities along with the machine learning algorithms that are used for the sensor data analysis.


a college campus today who, by all the rules of ordinary expectations, should not be in a college program anywhere nor even have the hope of pulling themselves out of the morass of economic deprivation. All of them are able students who have won accolades from their high school teachers and principals. Moreover, these fine young people have already dedicated themselves to a career in teaching. Many of them will return to the environments from which


The invention relates to a hemiplegic patient self nursing and rehabilitation training trolley which consists of a veering walking device used for moving, a lifting device used for relieving the bowels by self and for walking training, a swing training device arranged on a bracket and used for up-and-down and left-and-right training of sick arm, a walking training device that is used for simulating human walking and consists of a annular slideway, a pulley, a walking training footplate, a winch, a connecting rod and a walking training motor in a linkage way, a seat board device used for sitting and for relieving the bowels, a backrest adjusting device and an operating device. The invention provides a nurse type integral nursing device for the hemiplegic patient; the patient can walk or take rest, relieve the bowels by self on the trolley and carry out sick arm swinging training, and standing and walking training just by operating the device by the healthy arm, thereby encouraging the hemiplegic patient to take heart and build confidence to live; and no special person is required to take care of the patient always, thereby lightening the pressure of the family of the patient at theaspects of living, work, economy, spirit, etc.


Police in Selby are urging victims of cycle theft to come forward, after the recovery of over 70 bikes in the town. The bikes were recovered as the ...


The β Cephei pulsating stars present a unique opportunity to test and probe our knowledge of the interior of massive stars. The information that we can get depends on the quality and number of observational constraints, both seismic and classical ones. The asteroseismology of β Cephei stars proceeds by a forward approach, which can result in multiple solutions, without clear indication on the level of confidence. We seek a method to derive confidence intervals on stellar parameters and investigate how these latter behave depending on the seismic data accessible to the observer. We realise forward modelling with the help of a grid of pre-computed models. We also use Monte-Carlo simulations to build confidence intervals on the inferred stellar parameters. We apply and test this method in a series of hare and hound exercises on a subset of theoretical models simulating observed stars. Results show that a set of 5 frequencies (with knowledge of their associated angular degree) yields precise seismic constraints. Significant errors on the determination of the extent of the central mixed region may result when the theoretical models do not present the same chemical mixture as the observed star.


The region was once known for its rice varieties and good crop yields. Today, modernisation has resulted in a single-minded emphasis on new high yielding varieties and the neglect of indigenous diversity.


Abstract Friction measurements have been carried out to characterize surface damages during photodegradation of low-density polyethylene. The average and mean deviation of the friction coefficients increase with the irradiation time in the early stage of photodegradation processes, indicating the increase in the surface roughness, whereas the mechanical properties remain essentially unchanged. In the following stage, where the ductile-brittle transition takes place, the mean deviation of the friction coefficients shows an appreciable decrease with maintaining almost constant average values, suggesting that the surface becomes more homogeneous. Beyond the ductile-brittle transition, both of the average and mean deviation of the friction coefficients gradually increase with the irradiation time, indicating further enhancement of surface roughness, followed by formation of surface cracks. The soundness of the friction measurements is confirmed by comparing with optical measurements of the surface roughness, and it is suggested that the present method gives a convenient and sensitive method of detection for degradation in polymeric materials.


Information about careers pursued by Environmental Studies majors, skills Environmental Studies majors develop and career-related Web sites relevant to the major.


To simplify the fabrication process of flexible and micro-size rechargeable batteries, the use of thin-printed carbon layers without anode or cathode for electrolytic batteries was demonstrated here. Batteries with ZnCl2/MnCl2 electrolytes showed much better performance than ZnSO4/MnSO4 cases. The effects of electro-depositing each electrode and the components of electrolytes were investigated. The anions of electrolytes and the efficiency of electro-depositing cathodes are the key factors in our battery system.


To investigate the effect of aging on the fexibility of implicit memory, the current study compared the performance of elderly and young participants on semantic decision tasks in which the processing task or the stimulus format was varied across study and test. In Experiment 1, the required semantic decision (i.e., size judgments vs. corner judgments) either remained the same or was varied from study to test. In Experiment 2, the stimulus format of the item (i.e., pictures vs. words) either remained the same or was varied. Elderly participants demonstrated normal priming effects, and equivalent transfer across manipulations of processing task and across manipulations of stimulus format, despite showing a deficit in recognition memory compared with young participants. The results suggest that aging does not infuence the fexibility of implicit memory.


Supply chain consists of all stages involved, direc tly or indirectly, includes all functions involved in f ul illing a customer demand. In two stage transportation supply chain pr oblem, transportation costs are of a significant proportio n of final product costs. It is often crucial for successful decisions making approaches in two stage supply chain to explicit account for n on-linear transportation costs. In this paper, deterministic demand and finite supply of products was considered. The optimized di stribution level and the routing structure from the manufacturing pl ants to the distribution centres and to the end customers is de termined using developed mathematical model and solved by propose d particle swarm optimization based genetic algorithm. Numeric al analysis of the case study is carried out to validate the model . Keywords—Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Production, Remanufacturing


This paper studies the situation of the developmental state in Iran and its role in promoting economic development. The main question of the present study is why in the post-revolutionary Iran, the "developmental state" did not function efficiently and could not successfully promote the economic development of the country. To answer the research question, Adrian Leftwich's theory of developmental state was used as the conceptual framework of the present study. Douglass C. North et al.'s theory of social orders was also applied. The present study is based on historical research method and narrative analysis technique. In the present study, the "national state" is the unit of analysis. Domestic, regional and international events and conditions are selected as the context of economic development in relation to the national state and are analyzed on a time-lapse basis. According to the findings, the structural and institutional weaknesses of the state along with regional and international developments have led the country to internal and external tensions. Thus, despite the effectiveness of the state in Hashemi Rafsanjani and early Khatami period, the country enters internal and external tensions and eventually the "security" discourse replaces the "development" discourse. Under such circumstances, the country's priorities and institutional arrangements would no longer be "developmentally-driven", and the process of economic development of the country would be interrupted and even set back.


The main technologies about backup:split-mirror and Snapshot.Split-mirror can access data effective.Snapshot can store data with high-speed and take up the space is smaller than split-mirror.But the storage is consequence.Finally,aim at solving the problem that the logic disk and disk group can not ensure the strong expansibility,good fault-tolerance ability,and high usability.With technologies presents in this paper,Atomic Transaction Group as a storage which can protected against not only soft-failure but also hard-failure efficiently is introduced.


The measurement of small differential pressures, in the presence of much larger line pressures, is an important feature of many industrial processes, especially those which involve the measurement of the flow of liquids or gases. The numerous devices, suitable for field use, which are commercially available, use a variety of principles and techniques.


L-Carnitine is an essential component of mitochondrial fatty acid b-oxidation in the muscle and may con trol the acetyl moiety levels in the brain for acetylcholine synthesis. Carnitine transporter 1(CT1)is the high affinity L-carnitine transporter whose localization was observed in the kidney, testis, liver, skeletal muscle and brain. To clarify the molecular mechanism of carnitine transport, we sought to find the inter acting protein that may be related to the transport function of CT1. Using the intracellular C-terminal region of rat CT1 containing PDZ(PSD95/DLG/ZO-1)motif as bait, we performed the yeast two-hybrid screening against rat brain cDNA library. Thirty two positive clones were obtained from the 2.7×10 7 clones screened. One of them was PDZ domain-containing protein Lin-7. We found that Lin-7 interacts specifically with C-termini of CT1:deletion and mutation of the CT1 C-terminal PDZ-motif abolished the interaction with Lin-7 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. In addition, a PDZ domain within Lin-7 associates with the CT1 C-terminal. The association of CT1 with Lin-7 enhanced L-carnitine transport activities in HEK293 cells although there is no statistical significance. Coexpression of Lin-7 and CT1 is identified in motor neurons of the spinal cord ventral horn together with Lin-2, a binding partner of Lin-7 known to assemble proteins involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis and synaptic junctions. Therefore, Lin-7 interacts with CT1 and may regulate their subcellular distribution or function in central nervous system.


The huge amount of memory is needed for solving the large-scale linear equations. However, many problems can not be calculated due to the limitation of the computer's physical memory. To solve the above problem, One Out-of-Core solving method using the hard disk instead of memory is proposed in this paper. The data are read and written concentratively by blocks, thus the solving time of the problem can be greatly shortened. The experiments indicate that the method can solve the larger-scale linear equations efficiently, the solving time is only 5.7% more than In-Core method.


We study the Einstein-Klein-Gordon system coupled to the Born-Infeld electrodynamics. We explore the solution space of a static spherically symmetric, complex scalar field minimally coupled to both gravitational and electromagnetic fields. The resulting asymptotically flat solutions resemble the known charged boson stars in Maxwell electrodynamics. The behaviour of such configurations as a function of the Born-Infeld parameter b and the scalar field charge parameter q has been analyzed. Given b, a critical value for q exists beyond which no static solutions exist, we find that the value of this critical charge increases with respect to the Maxwell case (b → ∞) as b decreases. We also found that Born-Infeld boson stars have lower mass for any finite value of the Born-Infeld parameter and that their compactness is lower than Maxwell's counterparts.


This work deals with estimation of temperature dependent binary interaction parameters (kij) for binary systems containing CO2 using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state with a group contribution method. In this paper six groups, namely CH3, CH2, CH, CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane), and CO2 (carbon dioxide) are defined and their relevant values of group interaction parameters are optimized. Using this method, it is possible to estimate the kij of any mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons at any temperature along the coexistence curve. The results obtained in this study are, in most cases, accurate.


At Khan Takhti at North West of Iran a sculpted monument commemorating a war waged against the Romans by Shapour I, the second Sassanid king, has been archaeometrically studied. This relief monument carved into the rock in the mountains has faced a considerable destruction process. Petrography, wet chemistry experiments and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to identify rock samples for conservation and preservation purposes. The rock used in this monument is limestone and dolomite. According to XRD analysis, a significant amount of quartz is present in the stone structure. The results of analysis and stone type identification show that a significant quantity of surface sediments and dissolved sulphate, chloride and nitrate salts have been deposited on the surface of the monument due to its proximity to the salty Urmia Lake, which is considered an important factor in the destruction process. PETROGRAPHY, XRD AND WET CHEMISTRY OF SASSANID ROCK RELIEFS AT KHAN TAKHTI (230 AD), IRAN: A CASE STUDY Kouros Samaniana, Maryam Shirvanib and Hooman Bakhshaeia a Department of Conservation, University of Art, Sarhang Sakhaei St., Hafez St., Tehran b Department of Conservation, Isfahan University of Art, Khaghani Junction, Hakim Nezami St., Isfahan Corresponding author: Kouros Samanian (email@example.com) Received: 11/01/2012 Accepted: 11/03/2012


In recent past, severe earthquakes have caused substantial physical losses, economic losses and casualties in the sub-continent. At present, it is in high risk of being attacked by earthquakes. Since a majority of the population is living in earthquake-prone areas, it is probable that such terrible events will take place again in the near future. It is, therefore, vital to quantify the earthquake risk and to develop strategies for disaster mitigation. In order to achieve this goal, an extensive and inter-disciplinary study is required. Such a study is composed of two parts: hazard determination and vulnerability assessment. This study describes the methods by which it is possible to determine the vulnerability of existing engineering structures and building stock. The tool that is employed to assess the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structures is the fragility curve. So, this work aims to present a quick and simplistic approach towards vulnerability assessment of Reinforced concrete building with the help of Fragility Curves. The primary focus of this study is to present a proper methodology that can be followed to construct fragility curves for R.C.C frame structures and to generate fragility curves for some specific type of RCC frame structures using this methodology.


We study the appearance of resonantly coupled optical modes, optical necklaces, in Anderson-localized one-dimensional random systems with resonant layers. It has been stated that the increasingly low probability of their appearance in thick samples should reduce the theoretically predicted number of coupled resonances, leading to the formation of optimal-order necklaces (OONs). Here we examine through transmission phase studies how the optimal order ${m}^{*}$, the number of resonances in a necklace, shifts gradually toward higher orders with increasing sample size. We present a model for OON formation in random samples with resonant layers and derive an empirical formula that predicts ${m}^{*}$. We discuss the situation when in a sample length $L$ the number of resonances degenerate in energy exceeds the optimal one, and show how the extra resonances are pushed out to the miniband edges of the necklace, reducing the order of the latter always by multiples of two.


The general idea that emerged from the experiments, made in our laboratory, was that Echinodermata, as exemplified, by sea star Asterias rubens (Asterids)and by Ophiocomina nigra (Ophuirids), possessed an immune system, able to mount cellular and humoral-specific responses. After stimulation with a foreign antigen:the horse-radish peroxydase(HRP).1,2 Then,these echinodermata produced a primitive antibody, correlated to an Igkappa gene3–5 to a Fab gene,6 a Fc receptor gene.7 But a question desserves to be put: did the ancestral Echinodermata, Antedon bifida, (Crinoïd) possess such genes? It is why, in a first time, we look for IgKappa gene, Fab gene, Fc receptor gene in this crinoïd by the mean of genomic studies.


The extraction chromatographic separation of Tl 111 from several elements with n-capric acid coated on silica gel is r.eported. Tl 111 is quantitatively extracted from 0.1 M ammonium acetate in the pH range 2.4-6.0. Tl 111 is stripped with 0.01 M HCI and estimated spectrophotometrically. The effects of pH, stripping agents, flow rate on extraction and elution, and effect of diverse ions have been studied. Micro-amounts of Tl 111 have been separated from various metal ions. The method permits sequencia! separation of A1 111, Ga 111, ln 111 and Tl 111 from synthetic mixture.


The thermal decarboxylative cycloaddition of the title compound and its dimethyl ester with vinyl acetates (I) and (IV) or alkynyls (IX) and (XI) follows Diels-Alder methodology.


The present invention is a complex with at least one laundry treatment active substance (A) cyclodextrin, the complex, Comprising the steps of: (a) combining cyclodextrin and at least one laundry treatment active agent, a cyclodextrin and the laundry treatment active substance is dissolved in at least one solvent is dispersed, suspended, or emulsified that step includes, and complexes prepared by removing the (b) at least partially a solvent, and (B) a surfactant, a stabilizer, builders, perfumes, enzymes, chelating agents, foam control agents, colorants, opacifiers, antioxidants, bactericides, neutralizing agents, buffering agents, phase modifiers, dye transfer inhibitors, at least one selected hydrotropes, thickeners, and mixtures thereof One of a washing auxiliaries composition further comprising a. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing such compositions, and to a method of treating a substrate with such compositions.


Abstract It is important to identify secondary causes of osteoporosis, as treatment often tends to partial recovery of bone mass. This short contribution offers two case studies. The first case study is a 62-year-old widow, who was a regular attender at her family practitioner's surgery, complaining of back pain and diarrhoea. The second case study is a 72-year-old white woman with a 20-year history of rheumatoid arthritis presenting with a 2-week history of mid-thoracic back pain of spontaneous onset. A discussion of the cases is reported, followed by a clinical diagnosis.


Let S(M), M > 1, be the subclass of the family S, cons i s t i n g of functions sa t i s fy ing in the disc $ the condition 4 M, whereas Sg(M) the subclass of S (M) , consis ting of functions with rea l c o e f f i c i e n t s . In [17], [18] and [4] ( c f , also [3] ) , for N = 6, s = 8 .and any even N, successively, there has been determined a problem of estimating the N-th coef f ic ient of functions of the c las ses S^(M) when M i s su f f i c i ent ly large . In the method applied.in these papers use i s made of , among others, the d i f ferent ia l funct iona l equation of extremal functions in the c las ses S^(M) [2], yet with the avoidance of complicated integration of this equation. I t seemp natural to apply this method to the examination of coe f f i c i ent s of functions of the c las ses S(M). One knows in these c la s ses the d i f f e rent i a l -functional equation of extremal functions [ l ] . Bes ides, i t turned, out more than once that i f , in any extremal


...................................................................................................................... Introduction:This research paper focuses on advertising strategies used repeatedly in ads for domestic products in Hebrew magazines ad manuals of pre-state Israel. These strategies combined verbal texts with visual images to promote a specific product, and by doing so, they also constructed a representation of the "ideal" homemaker and mother. Advertisements featuring representations of homemaker and mother first appeared in the Hebrew press of the 1920s (Marnin-Distelfeld, 2016: 199). During the 1930s and the 1940s, local ads for domestic products were added and the popular press in pre-state Israel started to resemble its overseas prototypes.


The invention provides a donepezil hydrochloride oral tablet, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-50% of donepezil hydrochloride, 0.01-0.03% of anti-oxidant, 0.3-1.0% of acidifier, 70-90% of filler, 5-10% of disintegrating agent, 0.5-2.5% of adhesive, 0.5-1.0% of lubricant, and 0.5-1.0% of flow aid. The invention also comprises a method for preparing the tablet, by strictly controlling the moisture of the final product, amount of the anti-oxidant and the acidifier in the component is obviously reduced, the product stability is better and the security is higher.


A micro-founded model that allows for changes in the monetary/fiscal policy mix and in the volatility of structural shocks is fit to US post-WWII data. Agents are aware of the possibility of regime changes and their beliefs have an impact on the law of motion of the macroeconomy. The results show that the '60s and the '70s were characterized by a prolonged period of active fiscal policy and passive monetary policy. The appointment of Volcker marked a change in the conduct of monetary policy, but it took almost ten years for the fiscal authority to start accommodating this regime change.


At present, our country's online education resources are not enough for learners. Establishing the system of co-construction of online education resources is the requirement of the 4 Faces and the 5 Anys. Under the background of the same subject or district, we can construct the expert groups of web courses and jointly develop them aiming at sharing-together. The expert groups consist of the experts in four aspects, normal teaching, web-education, developing software and web engineering. Every group takes on its different jobs. The experts can shape a commercial institute and work with the lead and management of the government.


This chapter explores the ramifications of the conflicting systems of evaluation by turning to the thorny question of compensation. It reviews the dilemma of TheNotebook and LaPlace websites on how to get people to work without enough money to pay all contributors a decent wage. The chapter talks about how in both websites traffic became an important criterion for deciding whom to pay and how much to pay them. It examines how compensations and wages affected the identities and careers of freelance journalists in America and France. It also analyzes why American journalists were less conflicted about using metrics-related criteria than their French counterparts.


ABSTRACT To quantify plant growth rates, responses to fertiliser and population responses to timing of grubbing (manual removal of plants) in a grassland population of Nassella trichotoma, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, plant diameter growth, measured on 25 farms for up to 6 years, was unaffected by fertiliser and averaged 24 mm year−1, enabling a rapid increase in seed output. In Experiment 2, autumn and spring grubbing, compared on six 5-ha plots on four farms over six years, gave reductions in population size of 71% and 83%, respectively. In Experiment 3, effects of time of grubbing and pasture disturbance in spring/summer on recruitment were measured and combined with published demographic process rates in a simple population model. The model predicts population stability when 33.75% of plants are removed (the current mean grubbing rate) before mid-November with 3% pasture disturbance, and also for later grubbing with higher grubbing rate or lower pasture disturbance.


This paper examines the definition of Green Economy and discusses the potential of the tourism sector to serve as a success case story to implement the principles of this development model. To attain this goal, we focus on the tourism regulatory framework, mainly in the infrastructure needed to develop tourism activities on these areas, and then provide policy recommendations in order to remove the perverse incentives present in the current regulations, which could threaten the conservation of natural resources and the ecosystem services that they provide to society.


The rapid advances in the field of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) are expected to enrich the quality of people's lives. BCI connects computer actions with neural inputs—signals indicating the user's intentions, desired actions, attention, thoughts, memories, and emotions. BCI applications present significant challenges for computer science and software engineering research: an avalanche of neural signals will make their way as direct input into software systems. Given the differences between neural inputs and behavioral ones, the integration of neural inputs will require special approaches, and not simply adding yet more user interface channels to pre-existing software systems. This paper explores the challenges of designing and implementing self-adaptive software systems that could synergize brain states. After framing the problem, its rationale and possible solutions, in this paper we argue that the software engineering community ought to investigate how to incorporate neural inputs into software systems. The days are now upon us when software systems can "feel" and "anticipate" the users' intentions and therefore react self-adaptively and synergistically to their needs.


Objective: This study aims at exploring the effect of moderate-intensity endurance exercise on expression of cardiac Akt /mTOR signaling pathway. Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group( C group,n =20) and moderate-intensity endurance training group( E group,n =20). E group rats underwent 8weeks moderate-intensity treadmill training to build a cardiac hypertrophy model. The mRNA expressions of Akt、mTOR、eIF4E、p70S6K were tested by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expression and distribution of Akt,mTOR,eIF4 E and p70S6 K in myocardial tissue were tested by immunohistochemistry and image processing technique. Results: 1) E group rats' heart tissue doesn't have any pathologic change after training. 2) The mRNA expression of AKT in E group rats' myocardial tissue doesn't change( P 0. 05),but the mRNA expressions of mTOR,eIF4 E and p70S6 K increase( P 0. 05). 3) The immune-positive area and optical density of Akt have no change( P 0. 05) while mTOR,eIF4 E and p70S6K's increase significantly( P 0. 05). Conclusions: 1) Moderate-intensity endurance exercise can inhabit mTOR's upstream positive regulator Akt,and stimulate mTOR and its downstream factors directly or indirectly. 2) Physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise is completed by mTOR /p70S6 K /eIF4 E signaling pathway. 3) The signaling pathway of physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by moderate-intensity endurance exercise is different with the one in other normal conditions.


A lens assembly of optical imaging system includes a first lens element, a second lens element, and a third lens element successively from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. The first lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface near an optical axis. The second lens element with negative refractive power has a concave object-side surface near the optical axis, and is made of plastic. The object-side surface and the image-side surface of the second lens element are aspheric. The third lens element with negative refractive power has an image-side surface being concave near the optical axis and convex away from the optical axis, and is made of plastic. The object-side surface and the image-side surface of the third lens element are aspheric. The chromatic aberration of the system can be effectively elimimated by the arrangment of the second lens element and the third lens element with abbe numbers largely different from that of the first lens assembly. The lens assembly is especially suitable for miniaturized lenses strict with chromatic aberration.


In this work, we demonstrate an easy channel-engineering method using oxygen-plasma treatment followed by in-situ annealing before gate dielectric deposition on GaN. A crystalline GaON nanophase was identified to serve as an optimized channel layer in the gate region of E-mode GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MIS-FETs). The atomic-scale element distribution and crystalline structure of the GaON nanophase were revealed by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. First-principles calculations further correlate the enhanced thermal stability with the atomic observation of the refined structure in the GaON nanophase. Owing to the atomically sharp gate-dielectric/channel interface and low interface trap density (Dit), the boosted performance of the E-mode MIS-FET was achieved with the GaON channel. This study not only validates an approach of local channel modification for high-performance normally off GaN MIS-FETs but also opens possibilities of utilizing this crystalline GaON nanophase as a promising channel material in various GaN devices.


The simultaneous addition of xylanase (5,600 EXU/kg) and phytase (500 FTU/kg) feed enzymes to wheat-based broiler diets was investigated. Starter, grower and finisher diets, with three tiers of nutrient specifications, were fed to 1,440 broiler chicks kept on deep litter from 1-42 days post-hatch, without and with xylanase plus phytase, to determine the effects of diet type and enzyme supplementation on growth performance. The nutrient specifications of type A diets were standard; energy density and protein/amino acid levels were reduced on a least-cost basis to formulate type B diets and further reduced to type C diets. Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) levels were adjusted in supplemented diets. From 1-42 days post-hatch, diet type significantly influenced growth performance. Birds on type C diets had lower growth rates (2,429 vs. 2,631 g/bird; p<0.001), higher feed intakes (4,753 vs. 4,534 g/bird; p<0.005) and less efficient feed conversion (1.96 vs. 1.72; p<0.001) than birds offered type A diets. Enzyme supplementation increased growth rates by 3.2% (2,580 vs. 2,501 g/bird; p<0.005) and improved feed efficiency by 2.7% (1.80 vs. 1.85; p<0.05) over the entire feeding period. There were no interactions between diet type and enzyme supplementation. At 21 days, 5 out of 30 birds per pen were transferred to cages to ascertain treatment effect on apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen (N) retention. Xylanase plus phytase enhanced AME (13.48 to 13.91 MJ/kg DM; p<0.001) and N retention (56.3 to 59.7%; p<0.005). Carcass and breast weights of the caged birds were determined following commercial processing. Diet type significantly influenced breast weight, carcass weight and yield. Birds offered Type A diets, in comparison to Type C diets, supported heavier breast (467 vs. 424 g; p<0.001) and carcass weights (1,868 vs. 1,699 g; p<0.001) with superior carcass yields (71.8 vs. 70.6%; p<0.005). Enzyme addition increased carcass weight by 3.9% (1,752 vs. 1,821 g; p<0.005) and breast weight by 5.8% (431 vs. 456 g; p<0.01) without influencing yields. Feed ingredient costs per kg live weight gain and per kg carcass weight indicated that enzyme addition was economically feasible, where supplementation of Type A diets generated the most effective results. Importantly, soluble and total non-starch polysaccharide and phytate contents of the wheat used were typical by local standards. This study confirms the potential of supplementing wheat-based broiler diets with xylanase plus phytase but further investigations are required to define the most appropriate inclusion rates and dietary nutrient specifications in this context. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 10 : 1501-1509)


Decades of research has documented that people of color and low-income experience disproportionate environmental burdens, with recent empirical studies showing these burdens are exacerbated by disparities in government regulatory enforcement. Scholars' attention to enforcement disparities as a source of environmental injustice highlights that government behavior may contribute to ongoing inequities in environmental outcomes. To date, studies analyzing enforcement disparities have employed statistical models to either estimate the probability that a federal or state agency performs an enforcement action or the total number of such actions over some duration of time. In this study, we adopt an alternative approach that analyzes the duration of time it takes for government officials to inspect a facility to determine if there is a difference based on the demographics of the host community. Specifically, we study administrative data from state implementation of the U.S. Clean Water Act (CWA), which we couple with demographic information around large, regulated facilities to analyze the relationship between response time and community characteristics. Estimating event history models, we find that state regulators' inspection response time is slower toward noncompliant facilities located in communities that have higher percentages of poor and Hispanic citizens. With respect to Black communities, state regulators' response time to noncompliant facilities is no different than compliant facilities. Collectively, these results indicate that state regulators are not prioritizing CWA facilities that violate performance requirements when they are in environmental justice communities.


This study describes the design and control of simplified structure of three-phase 4-level inverter. A 4-level dc-link derived from three symmetrical dc voltage supplies and two controlled switches is connected to a three-phase 3-level neutral point clamped (3-level NPC) bridge inverter. By employing the fundamental frequency switching technique, the simplified 4-level inverter can have two distinct modes of operation: 4-level and 2-level. Compared to the well-known three-phase 4-level NPC inverter, the proposed inverter topology comes with series of features including a minimum number of power components, high quality voltage waveform, lower losses and higher efficiency. To ensure the feasibility of the proposed topology with its suggested modulation technique, the prototype of the proposed 4-level inverter is built and the experimental results are given.


Objective: There is no study in the literature investigating ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) values and thiol disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters in acute urticaria patients. This study aimed assessment of TDH parameters and IMA in acute urticaria patients. Methods: The study included a total of 68 cases, with 35 acute urticaria patients and 33 healthy volunteers. Patients who presented to Ordu University Hospital and were diagnosed with acute urticaria between January 2019 and June 2019 and healthy individuals as the control group were included in the study. Serum albumin, IMA, native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide thiol levels were measured, and the results were compared between the groups. Results: IMA values of 0.93±0.09 in the study group were significantly high compared to 0.8±0.10 in the control group (p<0.01). Native thiol (SH) level was 353.66±87.5 in the study group, 393.62±47.7 in the control group (p:0.022), and total thiol (TSH) level was 385.46±86.6 in the study group and 433.53±56.06 in the control group (p:0.008). In the patient group there was a significant negative correlation between SH levels and IMA levels (r=-0.626, p<0.001). Conclusion: In acute urticaria, IMA increases while SH and TSH levels reduce. However, TDH does not change. The lack of change in the balance may be explained by acute urticaria being an acute event and not being a chronic inflammatory process.


Recent volatility in crude oil prices attributed to increase demand and limited resources, tied with the urge to reduce pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases, have created a major focus in the production of sustainable biofuel. As one of the promising feedstocks, microalgae appeared to be a new source of renewable biofuel that is capable of meeting the global demand for transport fuel. Four green microalgae morphologically identified as Staurastrum sp., Scenedesmus sp., Desmodesmus sp., and Ankistrodesmus sp. were isolated from Kuala Selangor Nature Park and Hulu Langat River, Selangor. The intracellular lipid bodies of the microalgae were stained with BODIPY 493/503 for the screening of the potential microalgae for biofuel production. From the staining, more lipid bodies can be seen from Scenedesmus sp. compared to the other three isolated microalgae species.


The grid deployment of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery energy storage systems (BESS) has grown fast during recent years. One emerging grid application is using Li-ion BESS in frequency regulation markets for tracking fast-moving frequency regulation signals, such as PJM's RegD signal. However, Liion batteries may encounter fast capacity degradation when tracking these signals. To effectively incorporate the cycling induced degradation cost into the optimal bidding in regulation markets, we develop a statistical feature-based method for capacity degradation estimation. The fractional absolute moment (FAM) of the state-of-charge (SoC) profile is selected as the input feature of a linear regression model that produces an estimate of the capacity degradation as the model's output. Subsequently, the optimal bidding problem is formulated as a convex optimization model to maximize the daily profit of Li-ion BESS in a regulation market. Simulation results show that the proposed model provides, for frequency regulation, cost-effective capacity bidding and 5-min economic basepoints which achieve a tradeoff between regulation credit and battery degradation cost.


SCADA systems and telemetry systems have typically held two different roles within water management organisations. SCADA usually revolves around the real-time operation of assets, while telemetry lends itself more to analytical applications. With an increasingly mobile workforce, organisations are trying to find ways of empowering workers to do more with less; to have real-time visibility of their assets on the go; and to more easily leverage data to make optimising assets easier. None of these goals have historically been easy with legacy approaches to data management. The Tarraleah hydropower station's first three turbines were commissioned in 1938. Water is supplied along two canals where it takes two hours for the water to travel the full length. Tuning the flow into the canal is critical to maximise the availability of water to the power station, and operating an asset at maximum levels needs careful consideration for safety and reliability reasons. While man-made structures usually result in more predictable flows, plant growth in the canals can see the maximum flow rates in the canals degrade over time. Cleaning the structures is an expensive exercise, both in resource costs and through lost revenue during an outage. Hydro Tasmania has been able to increase the situational awareness of its staff by embracing the latest technology to federate SCADA, telemetry and manually read data into a single online interface. Staff have a live view of the canals on their iPads allowing them tune the canal for maximum efficiency, and can easily step into a historical view to see how the characteristics of the canal have changed over time. Simplifying the access to data is helping increase the return on investment through reduced costs, and makes it easier to maximise the day to day operational efficiency of the canals.


Since the liberation of atomic energy by the bombardment of heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium with neutrons, a large number of flssion products with atomic numbers between 70 and 165 have been formed. The bomb tests cause these fission products to be carried to great altitudes and spread over the entire earth by air currents. In falling, the fission products contaminate the air layers next to the earth, the earth itself, and the waters, and then enter vegetabie and animal organisms. They then become a source of danger for men. In order to obtain an estimate of the degree of actual contamination. the concentration of the most dangerous element, Sr/sup 90/, was determined from samples of milk from the German Federal Republic. Powdered milk was used as the oldest samples so that the increase in strontium in the last three years could be proved. The strontium was separated using the Harley and Whitney method. The counting of the samples then showed a definite increase of the strontium content. In 1955 the average value was 2.5 x 10/sup -9/ mu c/cm/sup 3/ of milk, and in 1957 the value was 8 x 10/sup -9/ mu c/cm/sup 2/. The strongmore » dispersion of the results depend on geographic and meteorological influences as well as the type of soil and nutrition. (tr-auth)« less


In the Precincts of the Global City: The Transnational Network of Municipal Affairs in Mebourne, Australia at the End of the Nineteenth Century A. Brown-May Mediterranean Connections: The Circulation of Municipal Knowledge and Practices at the Time of the Ottoman Reforms, c. 1830-1910 N. Lafi Pacific Crossings: Transnational Urban Progressivism in the Twentieth Century J. Hanes A City in a World of Cities: The Involvement of Lyon in the International Union of Local Authorities (1913-1940) and in Eurocities (1986-2006) R. Payre and P. Y. Saunier Selling the City-State: Planning and Housing in Singapore, 1945-1990 N. H. Kwak "Transnational Municipalism" in a Europe of Second Cities: Rebuilding Birmingham with Municipal Networks S. Ewen Mayor Edward I. Koch and New York's Municipal Foreign Policy 1977-1990 J. Soffer The Municipal Making of Transnational Networks: A Case Study of Montreal's Twinning with Shanghai Y. Hsu Latin American Municipalities in Transnational Networks: Reforming Municipal Government in Rosario (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay) in the 1990s S. Robin and S. Velut Lost in Translation?: Mapping, Moulding, and Managing the "Transnational Municipal Moment" S. Ewen The Study of Municpal Connections M. Hietala


The Dutch Competition Authority (NMa) cleared on 13 August 2007 the proposed acquisition because it concluded that the transaction will not result in the creation or strengthening of a dominant…


This study examined the quality of teaching practice (TP) mentoring in the teaching of music at primary school level at one college of education in Zimbabwe. The study examined the experiences and perceptions on Teaching Practice mentoring in music by student teachers and classroom mentors as key stakeholders. A purposive sample of 17 music student teachers and 10 mentor teachers from the schools that the teachers' college collaborates with in training student teachers was selected. The study employed a qualitative case study research design in which one-on-one interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analysis were used to collect data. This was summarised and conclusions were drawn. The main conclusions of the study were that; TP mentoring, if properly employed, is a worthy strategy to guide and coach student teachers on teaching practice in the teaching of music; mentor teachers at schools where students were placed were not adequately equipped to mentor student teachers in the teaching of music and therefore the student teachers lacked adequate guidance, support and coaching in learning how to teach music. The main recommendations are that mentor teachers of music student teachers should be qualified in the subject and that more attention by student teachers should be given to the practical and written work in music than TP documentation.


The dipion transitions $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(10860)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(nS)$ ($n=1$, 2, 3) are studied in the framework of a unitary and analytic coupled-channel formalism previously developed for analyzing experimental data on the bottomoniumlike states ${Z}_{b}(10610)$ and ${Z}_{b}(10650)$ [Phys. Rev. D 98, 074023 (2018)] and predicting the properties of their spin partners [Phys. Rev. D 99, 094013 (2019)]. In this work we use a relatively simple but realistic version of this approach, where the scattering and production amplitudes are constructed employing only short-ranged interactions between the open- and hidden-flavor channels consistent with the constraints from heavy quark spin symmetry, for an extended analysis of the experimental line shapes. In particular, the transitions from the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(10860)$ to the final states $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{b}(mP)$ ($m=1$, 2) and $\ensuremath{\pi}{B}^{(*)}{\overline{B}}^{*}$ already studied before, are now augmented by the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(10860)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(nS)$ final states ($n=1$, 2, 3). This is achieved by employing dispersion theory to account for the final state interaction of the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ subsystem including its coupling to the $K\overline{K}$ channel. Fits to the two-dimensional Dalitz plots for the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}$ final states were performed. Two real subtraction constants are adjusted to achieve the best description of the Dalitz plot for each $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(nS)$ ($n=1$, 2, 3) while all the parameters related to the properties of the ${Z}_{b}\mathrm{s}$ are kept fixed from the previous study. A good overall description of the data for all $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(10860)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Upsilon}}(nS)$ channels achieved in this work provides additional strong support for the molecular interpretation of the ${Z}_{b}$ states.


An acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed in a 53-year-old female patient. She received an allogeneic stem cell transplant. After this transplant, some neutrophils with hyposegmented nucleus and abnormal chromatin clumping appeared in the peripheral blood, and their number gradually increased. The hypothesis of early relapse after transplant was ruled out and drug-related anomaly was suspected. The authors discuss about morphological features of constitutional and acquired Pelger-Huët anomaly. In the patient reported here, ciclosporine seemed to be involved in the phenomenon, as the morphological anomaly of the neutrophils gradually decreased after the drug was discontinued.


Traditional nutrition occupies one of the foremost places in the material culture of people, its essential manifestation in the spiritual culture is also natural. At the same time, the ritual load of traditional dishes is not the same; only some of them have become the key to certain customs and rituals. These include, among others, borshch, a unique dish that every housewife in Ukraine cooks according to their recipe. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the use of borshch in the ritual and magical practices of Polishchuks of the Chernihiv region, to find out its causes and internal form.
In the context of family and calendar rituals, the use of borshch is quite transparent and almost identical. He plays an important role in commemorating deceased ancestors. According to the ideas, they eat not the dish itself, but the steam from the hot dish as its emanation. In this context, a "hot commemorations," Christmas Eve, or the so-called "Didy" borshch goes into the same paradigm as freshly baked bread or pancakes, freshly cooked potatoes, and so on. Nevertheless, on the "Shchedryi vechir," the panspermic value of borshch is actualized: in addition to the many permanent ingredients, grains of different crops were added there, which was to ensure a high harvest during the next year.
Much more difficult to interpret are cases of borshch use in obsessional rites, particularly in meteorological magic. First of all, it is a way to cause rain by throwing a stolen borshch pot in a well, as well as children's well-known calls to the rain in Ukraine, where it is proposed to "boil it to the borshch." The difficulty is the presence of a number of related factors, each of which can be decisive in the ritual of causing rain: not only the borshch was poured into the well, but also the pot was thrown; he who stole it was crying; well after borshch contamination was cleaned and others. However, in the author's opinion, in the meteorological magic of the Polish citizens of the Chernihiv region, the importance of borshch is of paramount importance.
Keywords: Eastern Polissia, Chernihiv region, borshch, rituals, calendar, meteorology.


The title of a document has two roles, to give a compact summary and to lead the reader to read the document. Conventional title generation focuses on finding key expressions from the author's wording in the document to give a compact summary and pays little attention to the reader's interest. To make the title play its second role properly, it is indispensable to clarify the content ("what to say") and wording ("how to say") of titles that are effective to attract the target reader's interest. In this article, we first identify typical content and wording of titles aimed at general readers in a comparative study between titles of technical papers and headlines rewritten for newspapers. Next, we describe the results of a questionnaire survey on the effects of the content and wording of titles on the reader's interest. The survey of general and knowledgeable readers shows both common and different tendencies in interest.


(H2O2) [7722-84-1] H2O2 (MW 34.02)

InChI = 1/H2O2/c1-2/h1-2H

InChIKey = MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYAL

(H2WO4) [7783-03-1] H2O4W (MW 249.87)

InChI = 1/2H2O.2O.W/h2*1H2;;;/q;;;;+2/p-2/f2HO.2O.W/h2*1h;;;/q2*-1;;;m/rH2O4W/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-2H

InChIKey = CMPGARWFYBADJI-DDAJJEIYCD

(oxidation of alkenes,1 alkynes,15 and other organic substrates18-22)

Physical Data: H2WO4: d 5.500 g cm−3.

Solubility: H2WO4: insol cold H2O; slightly sol hot H2O.

Form Supplied in: H2WO4: yellow powder; widely available.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: see Hydrogen Peroxide. All operations involving peroxides should be conducted behind a safety shield in a fume cupboard. It is also advisable, prior to work-up, to analyze the reaction mixture for peroxy compounds. These should be destroyed or removed before evaporation of the solvent.


In this paper, we discuss techniques to combine an interlingua translation framework with phrase-based statistical methods, for translation from Chinese into English. Our goal is to achieve high-quality translation, suitable for use in language tutoring applications. We explore these ideas in the context of a flight domain, for which we have a large corpus of English queries, obtained from users interacting with a dialogue system. Our techniques exploit a pre-existing English-to-Chinese translation system to automatically produce a synthetic bilingual corpus. Several experiments were conducted combining linguistic and statistical methods, and manual evaluation was conducted for a set of 460 Chinese sentences. The best performance achieved an "adequate" or better analysis (3 or above rating) on nearly 94% of the 409 parsable subset. Using a Rover scheme to combine four systems resulted in an "adequate or better" rating for 88% of all the utterances.


PREVIOUS interpretations of the pathologic processes underlying arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) have varied markedly. Recently, Smith et al1have concluded from electromyographic (EMG) observations in 14 patients and Drachman and Banker2,3have reported from necropsy studies that the underlying process was neurogenic. Adams et al4reported both neurogenic and myopathic cases confirmed by necropsy. There were decreased numbers of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of cases considered to be neurogenic. Skeletal muscles showed small myofibers. In myopathic cases there were no spinal cord changes, but diffuse myopathic changes were present in muscle. Banker et al5reported the autopsy findings in a case of congenital muscular dystrophy, and Pearson and Fowler6described a necropsy of hereditary nonprogressive muscular dystrophy as causes of arthrogryposis. Bargeton et al7found changes indicating a collagen disease in their autopsied patient, and in ther opinon the collagen


Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are changing the way cars will drive in the future - improving, at the same time, the safety and the efficiency of road traffic. Platooning is one of the considered applications, helping cars to drive with very short safety gaps to improve road traffic capacity and to reduce air drag. A fundamental building block for such cooperative driving solutions is reliable and fast wireless communication. Usually, information from the leader of the platoon needs to be broadcast to all members, resulting in large interference ranges, or being relayed from car to car, introducing additional delays. We introduce a Full Duplex Relaying (FDR) system for use in platooning to overcome these limitations. Concentrating on IEEE 802.11p, we implement the system to explore the feasibility and also to conduct a first performance evaluation. Our results clearly demonstrate the significant performance gain, which at the same time allows to further reduce communication overhead and, thus, to safely increase platoon sizes.


The paper re-visits the relationship between coal consumption and economic growth by including other supporting variables such as capital use and labor participation rate in Pakistan over the 1972-2009 period. The paper adopts an augmented neoclassical production framework. In doing so, for the long run relationship between the variables, the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration is applied. The VECM Granger causality procedure is used to detect the direction of causality between coal consumption and economic growth while an innovative accounting approach is used to check the robustness of causality results. Empirical exercise confirms a long run relationship between the variables. The results suggest that coal consumption, capital use and the labor participation rate have positive impact on economic growth. Causality analysis indicates bidirectional causal relation between coal consumption and economic growth and results are robust through innovative accounting approach. This implies that energy (coal) conservation policies may retard economic growth that in turn lowers the demand of coal.


The state of Kerala has emerged as the best performing in India in terms of healthcare. Kerala's health status is almost on par with that of developed economies. The death rate, birth rate and infant mortality rates in Kerala are  lower than the all India average. However, paradoxical as it may seem, recent studies have brought out that Kerala has the highest morbidity rate compared to other states in India. According to the 52nd round of NSS (1995-1996) the combined morbidity rate for acute and chronic ailments for Kerala is 118 per 1000 for rural and 88 per 1000 for urban as against 55 and 54 for all India. These reports present a picture of low mortality rates and high morbidity rates in the state of Kerala. In this study, the morbidity of chronic illness and the costs associated with it have been analysed.


La0.7 Zr0.1 Mg0.2 Ni2.75 Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)alloys were prepared by magnetic levitation melting under an argon atmosphere,and the effects of partial substitution of Fe for Co on the alloys′hydrogen storage property and electrochemical performance were investigated.The results show that the samples mainly contain LaNi5 and La2 Ni7 phases whose cell volume gradually increases with Fe content increasing.ZrFe2and La7Ni3appear as x≥0.05and x≥0.1,respectively.For La0.7 Zr0.1 Mg0.2 Ni2.75 Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)alloys,the addition of Fe not only increases hydrogen storage capacity,decreases hydrogen desorption plateau pressure and improves hydride stability,but also significantly prolongs cycle life and enhances high rate dischargeability.


The state of the art in any science includes the criteria for evaluating research. Like every other aspect of the science, it has to be developed. The criteria for evaluating AI research are not in very good shape. I had intended to produce four presidential messages during my term but have managed only two, because this one has proved so difficult to write. It kept threatening to grow into a paper rather than a mere expression of opinion which is all I now know enough to write. If we had better standards for evaluating research results in AI the field would progress faster. One problem we have yet to overcome might be called the " Look, ma, no hands " syndrome. A paper reports that a computer has been programmed to do what no computer program has previously done, and that constitutes the report. How science has been advanced by this work or other people are aided in their work may be unapparent. Some people put the problem in moral terms and accuse others of trying to fool the funding agencies and the public. However, there is no reason to suppose that people in AI are less motivated than other scientists to do good work. Indeed I have no information that the average quality of work in AI is less than that in other fields. In my previous message I grumbled about there being insufficient basic research, but one of the reasons for this is the difficulty of evaluating whether a piece of research has made basic progress. It seems that evaluation should be based on the kind of advance the research purports to be. I haven't been able to develop a complete set of criteria, but here are some considerations. 1. Suppose the research constitutes making the computer solve a problem that hasn't previously been solved by computer. Let us suppose that there are no theoretical arguments that the methods are adequate for a class of problems but merely a program that performs impressively on certain sample problems together with some explanation of how the program works. This is a difficult kind of research to explain adequately. The reader will not easily be able to assure himself that the program is not overly specialized to the particular example problems that have been used in developing the program. It has often turned out that other researchers have not been able …


Abstract : Describes methodology and results of a pilot study intended to determine the required sample size for a statistically significant seasonal study of the differences between ground truth (represented by upper-air soundings) and (1) Atmospheric Slant Path Analysis Model (ASPAM) optimum interpolation vertical profiles (OIVPs) and (2) alternate vertical profiles. This study builds on earlier ASPAM studies, incorporating lessons learned and user feedback. It found that a sample size of 50 observations was enough to determine if the differences between ground truth (upper-air soundings) and ASPAM vertical profiles were significant at the customer's confidence level.... Climatology, Atmosphere, Profiles, Upper-air, Temperature, Moisture, Vertical soundings, Sampling, Statistics, Statistical sampling, Sample size, Computers, Computing, Computer modeling.


Abstract : The bottom line in any change, especially one as important to US national security as the Transformation of its Army, requires ground-swell support for a leader's vision. Transformation of the Army is a fact because the Army leadership has said so, but that's not reason enough for change; the strategic environment of the present and foreseeable future is the real driver. How to inculcate the true rationale for Transformation and build the irreversible momentum to support the necessary change is the real challenge our leadership faces. This paper will address how to achieve this in light of four major points: the contextual basis of change (how the Army has done it before), external constraints imposed by society and government (what do we want an Army for?), the notion of internal 'service cultures' (groups which may be resistant to change), and testing innovations for validity (are there course corrections required enroute to the Objective Force/how do you adjust?).


This article deals with the implementation of a tool for probabilistic Distributed Generation (DG) connection studies. Its inputs are 10-minute time series for the load on the network and the intermittent generation. This allows to test alternatives to grid reinforcement (like advanced Volt / VAr control, curtailment, etc…) and to obtain technical and economic results to compare these alternatives. A clustering algorithm has been developed that allows to drastically reduce the number of loadflow calculation to be executed (as compared to the sequential load-flow approach, where every 10-minute point is simulated) whilst maintaining very accurate results.


During the 2005 growing season, a study was conducted at the Iowa State University Entomology Research Farm in Ames, Iowa to evaluate the ability of hyperspectral imagery to discriminate different growth stages of corn. The experiment consisted of three different hybrids (two transgenic, one non-transgenic) each planted at three different times (approximately two week intervals) during the spring of 2005. Hyperspectral imagery was acquired six times throughout the growing season using the Institute for Technology Development's (ITD) RDACS-H4 airborne hyperspectral camera system. Imagery was collected in the 393-nm to 1000-nm range of the electromagnetic spectrum at a spatial resolution of 0.5 meters. The primary analysis for growth stage delineation was conducted with the MIXED procedure in SAS. The mixed procedure is able to model the correlation and covariance structures encountered in a repeated measures analysis setting and compensate for spatial variability. In addition to the statistical analysis, supervised classification was performed on the individual image dates using Maximum Likelihood Classification. In general, mixed model predictions of crop growth corresponded well with ground observations. Repeated measures analysis revealed the greatest differences between planting dates occurred in the near-infrared (NIR) portion of the spectrum. However, differences were also observed in the visible portion of the spectrum. Supervised classification accuracies tended to improve later in the growing season – particularly in late August. Overall classification accuracies ranged from 80%-98% for classifying the different planting dates for each of the hybrids.


This paper attempts to identify the handle and sensibility of woven silk fabrics for neckties to determine any relationships between them and purchasing preferences. Male and female students evaluate the specimens with a semantic differential scale of handle and sensibility adjectives: twenty-one hand adjectives are grouped as four—"surface sense," "thermal sense," "flexibility sense," and "dryness sense"—and twenty-five sensibility adjectives are grouped as four—"modern," "classic," "character," and "natural"—through factor analysis. Fabrics with a "flat" and "warm" touch result in a classic sensibility, but those that feel "flat" and "cool" represent a modern feeling. The "rough" fabrics with "warm" touch are natural, but those with a "cool" touch show character. Fabrics evaluated as high in handle and purchasing preferences for neckties show a "soft" and "flat" touch, and display modern and classic sensibilities. These relations between handle, sensibility, and fabric type are shown in image diagrams.


Although the philosophy of language has its roots in the work of Frege in the latter half of the nineteenth century, it did not emerge as a distinct field of study until the 1950's and 1960's. Like most young disciplines, it is suffering an identity crisis. There is heated debate over what the proper topics of study ought to be and over what an adequate account of meaning, truth, reference, etc. should consist in. As a result of this unsettled state of the field, today is a particularly exciting time to explore issues in the philosophy of language, and this is also an excellent way to get involved with fundamental questions In this course I do not intend to focus on contemporary debates about meaning, truth, and reference that evolved from Frege. I call this the "objectivist" tradition, and I will begin by trying to set out its fundamental assumptions and describing its program. We will focus on several recent criticisms of these fundamental assumptions, such as those raised earlier by speech-act theory and more recently by research coming from the cognitive sciences. These criticisms challenge objectivist theories of meaning and underscore the need for a radically different approach to language, meaning, and concepts. This opens up what will become our primary focus, namely, an exploration of new research that reveals two fundamental aspects of human understanding and language. First, we will look at studies that show the pivotal role of our bodies in shaping our concepts and patterns of thought. Second, we will explore the ways this embodied understanding is extended via structures of imagination to define our abstract concepts. This latter part of the course will emphasize the importance of conceptual metaphor in all of our abstract concepts, including time, causation, mind, self-identity, and morality. In short, our central focus will be on the embodied and imaginative nature of meaning, language, and all forms of symbolic expression. Schedule of Topics/Readings: Below is a tentative schedule of topics and readings for the appropriate dates. We may need to make some changes as we assess our progress and interests, so minor revision of this plan may occur. The readings are available from The Copy Shop on 13 th St. The readings in the packet are arranged according to the schedule of readings given below.


This research was aimed at fostering students' idea generating abilities via the implementation of pre-writing strategies. The study adopted an action research design. The first phase involved problem identification and causes of the problems through focus group discussion and classroom observation. After identifying the challenges, systematically planned actions were implemented for eight successive weeks. During the intervention phase, awareness was created among the students on the importance of using idea-generating strategies before starting to write a text. As a result, four idea-generating strategies were employed; brainstorming, clustering, free-writing and questioning. Finally, the results of the actions taken were evaluated via observation, questionnaire, and focus group discussion. The findings reveal that the students showed interest in using idea-generating strategies, and the strategies used helped them to come up with adequate ideas in order to develop a text. The strategy also helped them to think exhaustively about what to write and how to support their argument before starting writing the actual text. Out of the four strategies employed, brainstorming was found to be the most convenient strategy to generate ideas. The strategies used were found to prevent students from unnecessary pen pause and frequent deletion of what they produced. Therefore, it is possible to comprehend from this action research that using idea-generating strategies will ease the practice of developing a text. This research was aimed at fostering students' idea generating abilities via the implementationof pre-writing strategies. The study adopted an action research design. The first phase involvedproblem identification and causes of the problems through focus group discussion and classroomobservation. After identifying the challenges, systematically planned actions were implementedfor eight successive weeks. During the intervention phase, awareness was created among thestudents on the importance of using idea-generating strategies before starting to write a text.As a result, four idea-generating strategies were employed; brainstorming, clustering, freewritingand questioning. Finally, the results of the actions taken were evaluated via observation,questionnaire, and focus group discussion. The findings reveal that the students showed interestin using idea-generating strategies, and the strategies used helped them to come up with adequateideas in order to develop a text. The strategy also helped them to think exhaustively about whatto write and how to support their argument before starting writing the actual text. Out of the fourstrategies employed, brainstorming was found to be the most convenient strategy to generateideas. The strategies used were found to prevent students from unnecessary pen pause andfrequent deletion of what they produced. Therefore, it is possible to comprehend from this actionresearch that using idea-generating strategies will ease the practice of developing a text.


: Ear skin responses to picryl chloride (PCL) were examined in IQI/Jic male mice. Following the sensitization with PCL to the shaved abdominal skin, the left ear was topically applied with PCL at 4, 11, 18 and 25 days later. The ear swelling responses tended to shift from delayed type to immediate one after the 4th application. The peak time of histopathological changes characterized by edema and inflammatory cell infiltration corresponded well with that of ear swelling responses, and marked elevation of total serum IgE levels and prominent increase in number of mast cells were observed after the 4th application. The numbers of CD4 + cells and Mac-1 + cells began to increase after the 1st application and much more increased after the 4th application while CD8 + cells increased after the 4th application. MHC class II + cells increased mainly in the dermis after the 4th application, but CD19 + cells, i.e. B lymphocytes, were negligible throughout the experimental period. The present results suggest that not only CD4 + cells but also CD8 + cells may participate in the induction of PCL-induced contact dermatitis in IQI/Jic male mice and that the shift from Th1-dominant response to Th2-dominant one may occur following the repeated application. (J Toxicol Pathol 2001; 14 : 231(cid:150)236)


Researchers have increasingly emphasized the need to include routine educational and cognitive screening in the care plan for youth with chronic health conditions. Prior to now, a screener did not exist to asses risk/need in education in the pediatric setting; thus, this research aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the newly developed Brief School Needs Inventory (BSNI), which stratifies a patients level of educational risk/need in the context of a health condition.


This work employed performance measurement questionnaire (PMQ) approach to investigate types of information system (IS) outsourcing, the constructs and practical indicators used to evaluate IS outsourcing performance. The differences among perceptions of the performance of IS outsourcing among various organizational characteristics are also considered. The result of a survey reveals that most large corporations develop and maintain their own IS; the next largest group delegate initial IS development to software companies and take over IS development later, implying that the IS outsourcing market still has growth potential. With regard to performance evaluation, most the majority of the large Taiwanese corporations do not perform evaluations on a regular basis while some other corporations evaluate performance every six to 12 months. Apparently, evaluating the performance of IS outsourcing it is not common practice among large corporations in Taiwan. Even companies who do evaluate performance tend to do so on an irregular basis, implying that large domestic corporations tend to evaluate IS outsourcing as required. Additionally, MANOVA testing showed the following six organizational characteristics significantly influence perceptions of IS outsourcing performance by: 1. education level of evaluator, 2. types of industry, 3. degree of IS outsourcing, 4. frequency of evaluation of performance of IS outsourcing, 5. style of communication between the outsourcer and the contractor, 6. competency of the evaluators involved in IS outsourcing decision making.


"Non-duality of Body and Earth" is the core issue in the awakening of human beings in the 21st century. On the one hand, it is the foundation of creating in-depth ecological ethic; on the other hand, it is the sole Dharma gate for advancing global ethic. The theory of current ecological ethic is confined to human-centered stance. This theory is actually rather misleading, and the damage to the ecosystem of the earth at the present time resulted from this human-centered concept consequently. The theory of "Non-duality of Body and Earth" is to position human beings and to find the way of survival from the stance of the whole earth. This theory stresses the inner connection between mankind and the whole earth. In addition, it also emphasizes the non-detachment of co-existence and co-prosperity between mankind and the earth. From this viewpoint, "Non-duality of Body and Earth" can offer not only profound connotation but also a common link for people in the 21st century to create "Ethic of Life," "Ethic of Environmental Protection," and the "Global Ethic."


The problem of addressing dryland salinity at a landscape is considered in the context of using economic incentives to encourage change in land use by individual landholders to adopt salinity mitigating actions where a public asset of significant value is threatened. This paper reviews the principal-agent problem and looks at mechanisms which give incentives to address natural resource management problems, and in particular, the role of contracts between the Government and the landholders for achieving environmental objectives. Consideration is then given to the potential for empirical analysis of these policies in practice and their effectiveness in achieving the desired environmental outcomes.


The invention relates to a slide ring seal arrangement, comprising a rotating slide ring (2) and a stationary slide ring (3) which together delimit a sealing gap (4), wherein the rotating slide ring (2) comprises a radially inwards orientated recess (20) having a contact surface (21), a bellows element (10) for adjusting the rotating slide ring (2) in an axial direction (X-X) of the slide ring seal arrangement, and a release protection (5) for the rotating slide ring (2), wherein the release protection (5) comprises an inner sleeve (6) with a radially outward orientated ridge (60), which limits a movement of the rotating slide ring (2) in the axial direction (X-X), and wherein the rotating slide ring (2) is arranged to be able to move freely in the axial direction (X-X) on the inner sleeve(6).


The semiconductor light technology with the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection,fast response speed,etc.were viewed as the light source of fishing gathering lamp,which could achieve the purpose of energy conservation and pollutant reduction,safety and environmental protection,scientific fishing.Based on the OLED which had characteristics of the backfire and flexible semiconductor light source,the flexible fishing gathering lamp of OLED was designed.It consisted of light source of color OLED module,the control of singlechip and digital circuit,integrate circuit,and power energy offered by lithium battery with noncontact power supply system.In order to fix this equipment on the boat,in the bottom of boat,in the fishnet and the wirerope,etc.,the shape of line,strap,circle,and fish can be easily made by the flexible fishing gathering lamp of OLED.According to the visual property of the fish,the color image can be got by adjusting this lamp to lure and drive fish for catching.


FIELD: motor vehicle industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the purification of internal combustion engine exhaust gases. Described is exhaust system for the exhaust gas from internal combustion engine purification. Said system comprises modified NO x (LNT) trap in the depleted of NO x exhausts, urea injection system and the selective catalytic reduction catalyst by means of ammonia (NH 3 -SCR). Said modified LNT comprises platinum, palladium, barium and containing the cerium dioxide material, and has the platinum to palladium molar ratio of at least 3:1. Said modified LNT accumulates NO x at temperatures below about 200°C and releases the accumulated NO x at temperatures above about 200°C. Said urea injection system injects urea at temperatures of above about 180°C. EFFECT: with the use of invention, a system is created, which is capable of NO x emissions reduction during the cold start-up, at that maintaining the CO oxidation high activity and demonstrating the resistance to deactivation due to sulfation. 14 cl, 1 tbl


This paper reports six species of chiggers belonging to three genera, collected fromFukien and Checkiang. 1. Gahrliepia (Schongastiella) confuciana n. sp. 2. Gahrliepia (Gateria) myriosetosa n. sp. 3. Tragardhula hsui n. sp. 4. Tragardhula weni n. sp. 5. Tragardhula sinica n. sp. 6. Neoschongastia asakawai Fukuzumi et Obata, 1953. The last is a new record for this country.


If supported with proper marketing, design can always prove to be the highest selling force. It can be further vitalized if the product incorporates a suitable mix of quality, price and visual appeal. Today, most of the companies realize the relation between marketing and design with this perspective. This paper attempts to discuss a process of design and development, which could strengthen the design development activity for the weaving sector in particular and in process bring in the innovation and creativity as part of design planning and execution.


Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS; formerly hepatic veno-occlusive disease) is a well-established complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication, myeloablative regimen and widely used chemotherapeutic agents such as oxaliplatin. It is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently, oxaliplatin is widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients in adjuvant and metastatic setting. We observed that oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy used patients more frequently developed splenomegaly than the oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in our colorectal patients. We also observed that splenomegaly that developed during oxaliplatin based chemotherapy regress rapidly the bevacizumab containing chemotherapy regimens. The pathogenesis of SOS is poorly understood. SOS is an iatrogenic complication with significant mortality in transplantation patients. Heparin, prostaglandin E1, ursodeoxycholic acid, and pentoxifylline have been examined in randomized controlled trials for their ability to prevent SOS (DeLeve et al, 2009). Although widely used, no recommendation can be made for or against the use of prophylactic pharmacological strategies because none examined to date have consistently shown a reduction in the overall risk of SOS. In previous studies, sinusoidal dilatation and hemorrhage were indeed found in 51% of liver specimens of hepatectomies performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, among which 79% had received oxaliplatin (Rubbia-Brandt et al., 2004). Hubert et al. reported the development of nodular regenerative hyperplasia and portal hypertension in three patients with metastatic colorectal cancer following the treatment with 5-FUoxaliplatin based chemotherapy (Hubert et al., 2007). Overman et al. reported the relationship between chemotherapy exposure and changes in spleen size. In that study, spleen size increased in 86% of patients and hepatic sinusoidal injury was reported in 22% patients treated with adjuvant fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin based chemotherapy (Overman et al., 2010). In another study Miura et al. reported that splenic volume index ≥50% increased in 20% percent of oxaliplatin based chemotherapy group whereas 6.6% in oxaliplatin based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group. Also in that study, grade 2 or higher sinusoidal injury was only observed in the oxaliplatin based chemotherapy group (Miura et al., LETTER to the EDITOR


The paper presents the behavior of a separating shear layer and its reattachment when an additional centrifugal body force due to streamline curvature is imposed on the shear layer. A curved channel is attached to a backward-facing step to obtain such a flow situation. In addition to he inherent stability within the conventional straight channel, the stabilizing and destabilizing effects on the reattachment process are given according to the direction of curvature. Three different surface configurations are used (flat, convex, and concave); with weak, mild, and strong surface curvature, the measurements were performed for seven separated cases. The reattachments point was determined by a thermal tuft probe. A hot-wire anemometer was used for the measurements of mean velocity and turbulence. Flow visualization of the shear layer was made by means of a smoke-wire method. Reynolds number based on step height was 8×104, curvature paramenter being in the rage -0.04


Although K-12 schools and universities are two separate and distinct systems, fundamentally both have the same broad goal: the education of students. This leads one to ponder, "How can these two entities work together to promote, foster, and support this goal?" In this article, I share and discuss the key elements for building a successful school–university collaborative partnership. A type of partnership that includes ongoing commitment founded on mutually beneficial goals, trust, equitable decision making, and communication. A partnership that produces high-quality research, improves educational practices in schools, and contributes to the field.


Modifications of the surface and interfacial properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have become pivotal strategies in designing high-performance photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes. Particularly, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) plays a vital role in the advancement of MHP-based optoelectronic devices. Herein, we review the recent studies of PESs for perovskite devices. We first give an overview of the principles of PES and related techniques. Different properties of halide perovskite material unveiled by PES are then discussed, including elemental compositions, chemical states, electronic band structures, interfaces of MHPs and functional layers, ions distribution, and thermal- and moisture-induced degradation mechanism. We also revisit some of the issues when carrying out PES measurements on MHPs, such as irradiation and ambient effects and the uncertainty in determining band edge. Based on these findings, we foresee that PES techniques combined with advanced optical and electron microscopies will become increasingly important to correlate the molecular dynamics with the interfacial and chemical properties of MHP materials and devices.