This study aims to evaluate the strategy undertaken by PT. Bank NTB Syariah in dealing with problems in musyarakah financing both in terms of policy and law. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data in this study were obtained through an interview process with leaders from PT. Bank NTB Syariah and the analyst section of Bank NTB Syariah. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that PT. Bank NTB Syariah faces several problems, including weak supervision, availability of human resources, untrustworthy customers, customers who retire early, unstable weather, stalled project terms, customer death, not optimal Collateral, covid-19, to natural disasters. Steps that need to be taken by PT. Bank NTB Syariah is restructuring all aspects of financing. In addition, transaction systematics needs to be improved periodically


FEW TRACES REMAIN TODAY OF HOPEFIELD, once an Arkansas town on the west bank of the Mississippi River opposite Memphis, Tennessee, near the location today of the main west pier of the Interstate 40 bridge. Though touted in 1 859 as "destined to be one among the great cities of the West . . . Hopefield is bound to be the Emporium where the commerce of the Great Western World will center," debilitating effects of floods and plagues, devastating fires, and caving river banks proved too much for the community to survive.1 In the end, Hopefield was literally consumed by the elements of nature from whence it had sprung. And yet for some fifty years it played a key role in the commercial history of Arkansas, functioning as an important point of transfer for freight and passengers transported by railroad or river packet. Hopefield had the distinction of being the second oldest settlement in the state. Its origin went back to the founding in 1797 of a Spanish military post, Fort Esperanza, opposite Chickasaw Bluff on the Mississippi, at a relatively narrow section of the river. Here boats were forced ashore to pay tariffs, with one Benjamin Fooy in charge of collections.2 A settlement grew up around


The Safe Drinking Water Act authorizes EPA to set national standards for drinking water to protect against health effects from exposure to naturally-occurring and man-made contaminants.


THE U.K. Department of Trade and Industry Advisory Committee on Arbitration, established some years ago under the chairmanship of Lord Justice Mustill and now chaired by Lord Justice Steyn, is currently engaged in work on a new Arbitration Act.† It is therefore an opportune time to examine the extent to which English law adequately accommodates international commercial arbitration.

The high regard in which English law and English courts are held in other jurisdictions is amply attested by the regularity with which parties to contracts having no significant connection with England select English law as the governing law and English courts to determine their disputes. But we must constantly guard against arrogance or complacency. We live in a highly competitive world. The City of London may at present be pre-eminent as a financial centre but we cannot take it for granted that this will continue. We may feel that our laws and procedures are superior to those of other States but if we cut ourselves off from outside influence we may discover sooner than we think that our ideas have become outmoded, that they are no longer seen to be responsive to the needs of the international business community.

It is salutary to reflect that a mere seventeen years ago we were almost the only developed jurisdiction that still retained the concept of absolute sovereign immunity; that a mere twelve years ago we were still applying a procedure unique to this country, the special case stated, in international as well as domestic arbitration, and only the steady loss of business made us think again; that even to-day our law is unable to comprehend something as basic as the creation of an international organisation under international law except so far as it has become localised by English legislation; and that foreigners …


Loewen, Jacob A. 1965a Missionaries and Anthropologists Cooperate in Research. Practical Anthropology 12:158-190. 1965b The Way to First Class: Revolution or Conversion? Practical Anthropology 12:193-209. 1966 From Nomadism to Sedentary Agriculture. America Indigena 26:27-42. Miinzel, Mark 1973 The Ache Indians: Genocide in Paraguay. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs Document No. 11. Copenhagen. Redekop, Calvin 1973 Religion and Society: A State within a Church. The Mennonite Quarterly Review 47:339-357.


Almond (2006) argues that in-utero exposure to the 1918 influenza pandemic lowered socioeconomic status in adulthood, whereas Brown and Duncan (2016) find that the effect disappears after controlling for parental characteristics of the 1919 birth cohort. We link microdata from the 1920 Census to WWII enlistment records and city-level influenza data. The result is a dataset with much more precisely measured influenza exposure and parental characteristics. We find results consistent with the Fetal Origins Hypothesis. In the absence of the pandemic, the 1919 birth cohort would have been more likely to graduate from high school and would have obtained more years of schooling. We find no evidence that in-utero exposure to influenza affected heights or weights. JEL codes: I10; J13, N32


Hope is expressed that the Labor government under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd will remain true to its political agenda. It could only then enjoy widespread political and public support for long. The determination of the new government to refresh the machinery of government and the performance of the Howard government in relation to cynicism and trust are discussed.


This study aims to analyze the role of women in development and the causality between regional economic fundamentals and the role of women at Central Java. It uses district level data and supplied by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics during 2001- 2009. The tools of analysis Granger Causality Test. The results of the analysis of the role of women in development is still low, from education, health, women's role and potential of public sector point of view. The Granger Causality tests results shows that a direct relationship between women's role in regional development with economic fundamentals, that also the role of women in development increased, causing increased local economic fundamentals. In this study there is no reciprocal relationship between economic fundamentals and the role of women.


We obtain distances to 383 Galactic Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars from Gaia DR2 parallaxes and Bayesian methods, with a prior based on H ii regions and dust extinction. Distances agree with those from Bailer-Jones et al. for stars up to 2 kpc from the Sun, though deviate thereafter due to differing priors, leading to modest reductions in luminosities for recent WR spectroscopic results. We calculate visual and K-band absolute magnitudes, accounting for dust extinction contributions and binarity, and identify 187 stars with reliable absolute magnitudes. For WR and O stars within 2 kpc, we find a WR/O ratio of 0.09. The distances are used to generate absolute magnitude calibrations and obtain the Gaia colour–magnitude diagram for WR stars. Average vWR-band absolute magnitudes for WN stars range from –3.6 mag (WN3–4) to –7.0 mag (WN8–9ha), and –3.1 (WO2–4) to –4.6 mag (WC9), with standard deviations of ∼0.6 mag. Using H ii region scale heights, we identify 31 WR stars at large (3σ, |z| ≥ 156 pc) distances from the mid-plane as potential runaways accounting for the Galactic warp, of which only four involve WN8–9 stars, contrary to previous claims.


Batik is an Indonesian heritage that can use natural or synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are quite dangerous for the environment and human health. To reduce the use of synthetic dyes, brown seaweed (Sargassum duplicatum) extraction was conducted as a natural coloring. Brown seaweed is a plant that has the potential to an abundant amount of natural coloring in Indonesia. This research aims to obtain optimum conditions in the process of extracting brown seaweed using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The material used is brown seaweed obtained from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Indonesia, and ethanol as a solvent. The research variables are power 200; 400; 600 watts, 15 extraction time; 30; 45 minutes, and seaweed concentration 0.06; 0.12; 0.18%. To get the optimum conditions in the process of extracting brown seaweed, it uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that there were interactions between variables that affected the yield. Yield tends to increase with increasing power, time, and concentration of seaweed in the solvent. The optimum conditions of the extraction process in this study were at 400 watts power, 30 minutes, and seaweed concentration 0.12% with a yield of 3.87%..


Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into cardiomyocytes has emerged as an interesting tool to study functional effects of single proteins. However, the functional consequences of cell isolation, cell culture per se and adenovirus-mediated transfer warrant further investigation. Thus, functional behavior of human isolated myocytes from end stage failing hearts was assessed directly after isolation, after 24/ 48h cell culture, respectively, and after adenoviral mediated gene transfer of s-Galactosidase (s-Gal) under basal conditions (field stimulation, 0.5 Hz, 37 degrees C), during increasing stimulation rates, inotropic stimulation with isoproterenol, or rising extracellular Calcium concentrations. After enzymatic digestion via coronary perfusion, freshly isolated myocytes, but also cultured myocytes, showed inotropic competence, although cultured cells showed slower contraction and relaxation kinetics, their basal contraction amplitude was slightly smaller and the concentration-response curve for isoproterenol was shifted to the left. Adenoviral mediated gene transfer caused efficient s-Gal expression with impaired contractile amplitude. CONCLUSION: Isolated Myocytes were functionally competent, it was possible to use them for cell culture and adenovirus mediated gene tranfer. The method-related changes in contractile behavior observed here need to be taken into account in further studies.


xThe writer's life can be lonely, so this online workshop brings alumni together to sharpen their craft. It's just one way alumni are connecting and learning online this fall.


The aim of this research is to know the concept of marketing management used by the chrysant businessmen in Poncokusumo which is started from beginning process, centre of concern, facility and final result.

Data analysis technic used is qualitative data analysis in the model of Miles and Huberman. Based on the research result and discussion, the conclusion can be taken is the main concept used by the chrysant businessmen is marketing management. This can be seen from the starting point used by the chrysant businessmen is the increase of chrysant demand. In the centre of concern, the businessmen offer the product that can be directly fulfill the satisfaction and certain want. In facility, the chrysant businessmen try to develop the demand and coordinated marketing programs that inside and outside company. Indirectly, chrysant businessmen is able to fulfill the satisfaction more effectively and efficiently compare with the rival. This one is the final goal of chrysant businessmen.

Based on the discussion done, some suggestions are proposed; to fulfill the market demand that is still high, chrysant businessmen can make some groups that consists of chrysant businessmen, and also can make a network between chrysant businessmen, both inside or outside town. For transmittal to out of the town or island, the businessmen can do the cooperation with the experienced transmittal agency that has already understood in doing flower transmittal, so that the flower can always be fresh.

Key word: the concept of marketing management


I have just attended the annual UK social work education conference. This year it broke new ground and demonstrated that, in at least one respect, UK social work education is at the leading edge of provision for social workers in training. The conference, on the theme of 'making connections: new learning partnerships that challenge barriers to inclusion', was shaped by members of organisations of experts by experience (service users and carers) alongside associations representing social work educators and regulatory councils. Experts by experience were also prominent amongst those presenting workshops. To some degree government requirements, that each university offering the social work degree involve experts by experience in all aspects of its management, delivery and quality assurance, have provided impetus. What was once a trickle of papers published in this journal on involving experts by experience in teaching and assessment of social workers in training in the UK has now become a river. Similarly, it is becoming more common for experts by experience to be involved meaningfully in research projects on social work education, although practice here remains variable (Braye & Preston-Shoot, 2005). There remain barriers to participation but how the conference was organised, coupled with the content of innovative and good educational practice being presented, demonstrated how learning partnerships can be forged that change ways of thinking. Having recently been to two other conferences—the Council for Social Work Education Annual Program Meeting in New York, and the European Association of Schools of Social Work conference in Cyprus—it is clear that the journey towards new learning partnerships has only just begun. At these conferences, experts by experience were noticeable by their omission. In another respect the conferences were all too familiar. Presenters present, the audience listens. All too often there is little time for dialogue in formal sessions. As a presenter and as a conference participant, I find this frustrating. I would like to engage more meaningfully with those who have come to present and to participate, yet we seem trapped in an outdated model of conference organisation that does not enable maximum value to be derived from contact with, and learning from the rich diversity of social work. Similarly, evaluation was the sheet of paper with questions about likes and dislikes, about the standard of sessions, and about the conference venue and organisation. What we really need to know is what difference engagement with other people, and their experiences and work, will make over time. Carpenter (2005) has urged that social work educators evaluate not just the reaction of social workers in training to academic and practice learning but also the difference that learning makes to attitudes, knowledge and skill acquisition, behavioural change and the processes and outcomes of work with others. We might start with focusing upon ourselves. What difference over time has our conference attendance, and learning derived from it, made? Social Work Education Vol. 24, No. 7, October 2005, pp. 719–720


We analyze a multi-issue bargaining model where the joint production of public goods is budget-constrained. The players must decide the part of the budget that is dedicated to produce any public good. We model the decision process as an alternating offer bargaining game with random proposers. The utilities of the players are assumed separable in any public issue. We show that multiple sophisticated outcomes are (generically) attained when a complete agreement is required for a subset of public projects to be implemented, either if the players bargain globally over the sizes of different public goods or sequentially through partial agreements. However, when public projects are immediately implemented after partial agreements, then uniqueness (which is a necessary condition for efficiency) is generically achieved.


137 tion on this image of a young woman bent over some cards on a table, Burstein attends to the extraordinary philosophical ramifications of every nuance of her chosen image. She provides thick descriptions of a painting as an artifact of representational space, of bodies real and illusory, of completion and incompletion, and she considers the perceptual errors and presumptions that one makes when one tries to "read" a painting. This is philosophical detective work of a high order; Burstein obsessively—has so much ever been made of the absence of a painted table leg?—reconstitutes the depth absent from the object itself. Throughout the book, Burstein writes with a rare wit that, like her subjects, registers the difference between mimicry and mimesis.1 Indeed, Cold Modernism at times reads like the impossible progeny of a ménage à quatre consisting of Fran Lebowitz, Walter Benjamin, Dorothy Parker, and Stanley Cavell. Leaving style aside, though, Burstein might have pivoted some of her terms in Cold Modernism differently. Why so little attention to Lewis's visual work, given her attention to the sculptures of Bellmer and the painting of Balthus? There are few more waspish segments, for instance, than the body parts in Lewis's 1912 drawing Courtship. Why call her major chapters on visual artists "interregnums," which suggests the history of rule rather than scholarly sidebars? Why place her analysis of Henry James's story "The Real Thing" in the conclusion rather than the introduction? In her meticulous attention to bodies without minds, there is surprisingly little overt analysis of eroticism, and this despite nods to Loy and references to the "recurrently pornographic" nature of Bellmer's dolls (7) and to the implicitly voyeuristic nature of Balthus's paintings. Burstein makes much of "error" as a perceptual category in her chapter on Solitaire; perhaps in cold modernism, "error" subsumes eroticism, as the latter's etymological roots might suggest (eroticism is literally "an extravagance of passion"). Nevertheless, the book could confront the subject more directly. It seems disingenuous to posit a desiring viewer (or reader) and yet to bracket off completely the aesthetic effect of sexuality and consciousness, which is exactly what Burstein threatens to do when she includes a brief, teasing reference to Nabokov's Lolita at the beginning of her chapter on Balthus. At its considerable best, Burstein's book makes a major claim on our attention as a lunar Baedeker to the dark side of modernism. It is a tightly argued and original case for considering literature, fine art, and manufactured objects together, and it helps one to understand how ahumanism might reflect the relationship between consciousness and individuality on one hand and the very idea of humanism on the other. Burstein's book should help bring her obdurately ahuman aesthetic and commercial subjects to further critical attention. It may seem paradoxical to say this, but never mind: however chilly, artificial, and (in the best sense) superficial its subject matter, Cold Modernism deserves a warm welcome.


The intensive development of Russian industrial architecture, allocation of industrial development regions. The transition of the industry from manual to machine-type production. The development of industry in the Saratov region in the IX-early XX century such as: flour mill, oil industry, iron foundry, manufacturing manufacture. Ключевые слова: промышленность Саратовской губернии, мукомолье, чугунолитейное производство, мануфактура.


The proposal by Szmukler and others for a law that fuses mental health law and mental capacity law in England and Wales, both in the context of civil admissions to hospital based on the mental disorder of the patient and the making of orders by the criminal courts, can be summarised in the following quotes from their paper. They suggest: "a legal regime that … relies squarely on the incapacity of the person to make necessary treatment decisions as the primary justification for intervention in their life." By intervention is meant both detention and treatment under compulsion: so, rather than separate criteria for detention (based on the risk of harm) and treatment (based on capacity, at least in part), there would be a single incapacity test "that specifies the conditions for both treatment under compulsion and treatment under circumstances amounting to a 'deprivation of liberty'." What is meant by 'incapacity'? It is an "inability to understand, recall, process, use or weigh relevant information; inability to communicate a decision; or inability to reach a decision that is sufficiently stable for it to be followed." There would be a requirement that there be no less restrictive option available than intervention; for emergency situations, there would also be a safeguard for intervention based on a reasonable belief as to a lack of capacity.


Recently, a novel method for compression of periodic optical pulses based on a superposition of replicated and time-de- layed original pulse trains was proposed. In this paper, we experi- mentally demonstrate that the phase shift of these replicas, as oc- curs in the temporal fractional Talbot effect, leads to compression without repetition-rate multiplication, which is inherent in the pre- vious method. Simple and compact devices based on fiber Bragg gratings or fiber/or waveguide splitters/combiners, used for imple- mentation of the present method can be considered as an equiva- lent of dispersive delay lines for periodic optical pulses. The pro- posed devices will also be available, for instance, for pulse gener- ation, pulse-chirp compensation, temporal imaging, and real-time spectrum analysis for periodic optical pulses. Index Terms—Dispersive delay line (DDL), fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), fiber/waveguide splitters/combiners, optical-pulse com- pression, optical-pulse replication, temporal Talbot effect.


Computer network is a very important professional course,it is an important part of computer science knowledge architecture.Experimental teaching is necessary complementarity for theoretic teaching,its innovation is key issue in the high educational school teaching reform.This paper benefits from the course construction,it puts forward some reform methods and experiences about experiment content,experiment method,management model and evaluation method.


Gallium-68 (Ga-68) DOTA-peptide positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) has higher sensitivity and improved spatial resolution for the detection of somatostatin receptor expressing tumors than conventional somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. We present the findings of Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT in a rare case of primary neuroblastoma of the neck in a 12-year-old female child and its role in the evaluation of the treatment response.


Qualitative experiments of different chemical reactions were carried out with Paperless Recorder to test the temperature change.Differential thermal analysis experiments have been done to quantitatively test the chemical reaction temperature of the subtances which reactive effect were relatively better.The results of the effect test for enthalpy-changing coatings were: of the three endothermic coatings,which wereCalcium carbonate,Carbon and Zinc oxide,Carbon and Sodium carbonate,the first group was the best;of the three exothermic coatings,which were Calcium carbonate and Magnesium,Iron oxide and Magnesium,Iron oxide and Zinc,the first two groups were better.


Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease, where oxidative stress, subsequently inflammatory mediators activation play a pivotal role. Currently, no definite treatment exists and therapy is mainly supportive that directed to inhibit local pancreatic injury and systemic inflammatory complications. This study is presented to explore whether anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidant drug could ameliorate L-arginine-induced AP.
Methods: Rats were sub-grouped randomly into five groups. Control group, AP was provoked by a single intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine (250 mg/100g), rat treated with meloxicam (4 mg/kg, IP), animals treated with L-carnitine (500 mg/kg, IP), and rats were treated with both meloxicam and L-carnitine. All treatments were once daily for 7 consecutive days and started 1 hr later after L-arginine administration. Serum and tissues samples were prepared for biochemical analysis. Histopathological examination for the other pancreatic tissues was done.
Results: L-arginine significantly elevated serum activity of amylase and lipase enzymes, while notably reduced serum calcium level. Moreover, L-arginine markedly increased the pancreatic tissues content of tumor necrosis factor-α, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. In addition, L-arginine significantly increased pancreatic activity of myeloperoxidase, while markedly depleted glutathione level. Treatment with either meloxicam or L-carnitine significantly attenuated L-arginine-induced biochemical changes. On the other hand, co-administration of both meloxicam and carnitine has an ameliorative effect greater than each drug alone.
Conclusion: Treatment with both meloxicam and L-carnitine is a more effective than each of them alone which is attributed to augmentation their antioxidant, anti inflammatory effects.


Article history: Received November 11, 2018 Received in revised format February 12 2019 Accepted February 22 2019 Available online February 22 2019 This paper presents a survey on the effect of corporate dividend payout policy on stock price volatility. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of dividend payout ratio on the stock price volatility in Pakistan Stock Exchange. A sample of 15 firms from PSX is considered and the study covers the historical data over the period 2011-2015. Stock Price volatility is the dependent variable in this study and dividend payout ratio is the main independent variable. For this purpose, some other independent variables are also included such as Earnings Volatility, Size of the firm, Leverage and Assets Growth. The study has determined a positive relationship between stock price volatility and dividend payout ratio. In addition, our results show that earnings volatility and leverage had negative relationship with stock price volatility. Other independent variables including assets growth and size have maintained positive relationship with stock price volatility. by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada 9 © 201


Piezoelectric actuators are widely utilized in the precision industry field, but the existing piezoelectric actuators are difficult to achieve high displacement smoothness at low speed, which limits the practical application of the piezoelectric actuators. This work proposes a piezoelectric actuator that can achieve high displacement smoothness through a multi-leg coordinated actuation principle. A multi-objective optimized method based on adaptive mutation genetic algorithm is utilized to design the driving leg by comprehensively considering five design variables. The design goal of the maximum displacement of the driving foot and the minimum size of the driving leg are achieved. A prototype is fabricated and the characteristics are tested. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimized method. High displacement smoothness at low speed is also achieved. The output displacements of the proposed actuator at different driving voltages and frequencies show no regression and intermittent motion. The linearity R 2 could reach 0.9978, and the low output speed of the actuator could reach 22.69 µrad s−1 at voltage of 100 Vp–p and frequency of 1 Hz.


In this paper,we studied the problem how automation model of lathe management is optimized.First,we assume the lathe has the fault,the number of production completed is parameter.It obeyed moral distribution.Based on it,we used the changed cutter as division variable,and the cost of all as objective function.We established dynamic programming model.Then we used the computer program to check it step by step.Last,we selected the better stage number to solve the problem.


An introductory note is followed by a short discourse on the history of periodontal disease, with particular emphasis on the conditions which are discussed in the treatise. The normal clinical and microscopical features of the gingiva and periodontal membrane are summarised and illustrated. A summary of the mechanism of the menstrual cycle is given, this being followed by a classification and summary of the aetiological factors of periodontal disease. The results of the research are given. These are based on the observations noted during the examination and treatment of 250 female patients for periodontal disease. Also taken into account are the microscopical findings of the examination of gingival tissue removed from these patients at various stages in their menstrual cycles. The results of observations were noted after the examination and treatment of nineteen cases of known endocrine disorders. A discussion is included. This part of the thesis is presented in two main sections. The first section deals with the gingival changes which occur during the normal menstrual cycle, and also the gingival changes which take place in endocrine disorders which may influence the ovarian cycle. The changes which occur in the basal cell layer of the gingival epithelium are illustrated and discussed as are the changes which take place in the cornified surface layer of the gingival epithelium. A similar account is given of the blood vessel changes which take place in the gingival connective tissue during the menstrual cycle. It is shown that these changes are similar to the changes which take place in the endometrium and the epithelium of the vagina. Periodontal disease in cases of known endocrine imbalance is discussed and illustrated, and it is recorded that recurrence of periodontal disease in many of these cases is associated with recurrence of the endocrine imbalance reflected in the ovarian cycle. The rate of healing and discomfort following gingivectomy is discussed, and it is shown that rapid healing and little post-operative discomfort can be expected in the proliferative phase, but slow healing and much discomfort follow gingivectomy in the progestational phase of the cycle. Oral ulceration of a cyclical nature is shown to be associated with irritation of the mucosa in the progestational phase of the cycle, while oral ulceration of a more acute nature, apparently associated with emotional stress is discussed. Desquamative gingivitis at the menopause is considered. The second section of the discussion is devoted to the treatment of periodontal disease during the normal menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, at the menopause, and in disorders of the endocrine system. It is stated that, when the complete co-operation of the patient is obtained, periodontal treatment is successful even when the cyclical gingival changes are very obvious. Periodontal treatment in pregnancy is best performed after the second month and before the end of the sixth month of pregnancy since healing is rapid and discomfort minimal during this period of four months. It is considered that periodontal treatment in cases of desquamative gingivitis can be successful when the patient co-operates and all sources of irritation are removed, and the epithelium stimulated to activity with oestrogen. In cases of medically controlled endocrine disorders, periodontal treatment is possible. A summary of the case histories of 100 patients has been included as an appendix. A bibliography appears at the end of each chapter of the treatise.


—The algorithm for detecting the coherent-pulse signals against correlated interferences is considered. It is invariant to both the carrier frequency of the signal and the statistical characteristics of its fluctuations. Its optimization is implemented in terms of the signal-to-interference ratio. The structure of the optimized procedure for extracting the signals with the limited statistics is found under the arbitrary signal-tointerference ratio. The efficiency of the introduced procedure is estimated. A technique is presented for calculating the detection characteristics. The usefulness of the obtained results for designing the corresponding detection devices is confirmed by a number of examples of numerical calculations.


A This study analyzed of psycho-analysis, particularly the Oedipus complex problem faced by  the main character named  Michael Berg in the film The Reader based on  The characteristics of Oedipus Complex theory. This study employed a descriptive qualitative .The data obtained from the transcript of subtitle of the movie " The Reader " movie  as primary data. In addition,  secondary data was  from paper, books, article. The data collection in this study was completely done through  watching, giving marks and categorizing the data before do the analysis from the dialogue, situation who delivered in the movie which becomes the main data in this study. The result of the analysis this study show that the main character in " The Reader" movie has the Oedipus complex's characteristics. Based on the analysis in this study why main character loved older woman duet his closed relationship his mother which cuased gap with his father. Te old woman was a reflection of his mother.


The invention provides a maximum load supply capability evaluation method of a medium-voltage power distribution network for loop power supply. The method comprises determining the regression model of a multivariable nonlinear regression curve representing the quantitative relationship between the output power flow of a substation and a leading switching station based on a power flow tracing theory; establishing a maximum load supply capability target function of the medium-voltage power distribution network; and resolving of the target function by sequential quadratic programming method while considering the requirement of N-1 criterion of power supply security for urban power grid and selecting the network power balance, the circuit thermal stability limit, the bus voltage, and the power of a power output node and a load node as the constraint conditions to obtain the optimum solution, i.e. the maximum load supply capability of the medium-voltage power distribution network for loop power supply.


High-pressure steam sterilization plays an important role in preventing infection in hospitals.Sakura high-temperature sterilizer with high degree of automation and alarm function is suitable for heat-resistant items to sterilize.The fault is solved quickly through understanding the steam sterilizer principles and alarm function analysis.


This paper presents a passive caching mechanism used on clustering routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It utilizes the backbone U. Kozat et al., (2001) of the network to gather and reuse the discovered routing information more efficiently and effectively. In this paper we propose a caching mechanism based on existing clustering algorithms, we build databases of routing information on nodes along the network backbone organized by clustering algorithms. Thus, instead of generating routing packets to discover routes, ondemand routes can be found by accessing databases of routing information distributed on the backbone. Therefore, routing overhead caused by route discovery is reduced.


Internal Control in the Computerised Banking Environment (A. Walsh) Internal Controls: The EC Response to BCCI (J. Mogg) The Bank of England and the Development of Internal Control Systems (B. Quinn) The Role of Group Audit (G. Leese) Financial Control Systems in the Northern Bank Group (J. Trethowan) Development of Organisational Risk Control Systems (C. Bennett) The External Auditor/Reporting Accountant Perspective (S. Almond) Internal Bank Controls: An Agenda for Dialogue (R. Kinsella) Appendices Index.


Summary form only given. Color PDPs that provide good hardware performance in terms of luminance and luminous efficiency, as well as a level of display quality sufficient for TV monitors, have finally been developed. The system structure and design stage is now over, and a mass production process, which can achieve a high yield and throughput, is being sought. As more manufacturers enter the color PDP production field and attempt to develop innovative technologies on the basis of new concepts for device materials and components, the conventional manufacturing processes are being reviewed. PDPs were once classified as AC or DC panels, according to their electrode structure, and were treated as two separate kinds of displays. However, the most popular trend now has converged on AC type PDPs, in particular, the surface-discharge AC PDPs, with a basic structure of either anode or cathode covered with dielectric layer and protecting MgO layer, and to take advantage of the luminous phenomenon that accompanies gas discharge. Recent achievements will be discussed. Further improvements are expected in basic structure, characteristics, device materials and manufacturing technology, targeting 50 cm diameter color PDPs that accommodate SXGA displays.


Abstract We define a Kähler-like almost Hermitian metric. We will prove that on a compact Kähler-like almost Hermitian manifold (M2n, J, g), if it admits a positive ∂ ̄∂-closed (n − 2, n − 2)-form, then g is a quasi-Kähler metric.


In this report, a method is discussed to perform successive milling on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), NiO-YSZ and Ni-alloy at the intervals of 85 nm 50 nm and 100 nm, respectively using a focused ion beam (FIB) followed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis on each slice. The EBSD data is then reconstructed to generate 3D volume. The 3D-EBSD band quality data is superimposed on inverse pole figure (IPF) grain orientation analysis to get a correlation with quality of band indexing. For the NiO-YSZ case, grain orientations and band quality factors were matched for grains {approx}250 nm diameters producing a high resolution 3D-EBSD data. For this case, a pore space in 3D volume was visible due to nanocrystalline NiO-YSZ grain network. The advantages of 3D EBSD are discussed in the context of its applications to SOFC research community.


Two novel active RC oscillator circuits suitable for integration are given. The active building block used is the current conveyor. Both networks have the advantage of using earthed capacitors. One circuit is of a second order and uses two opposite polarity current conveyors and the other is a third-order oscillator with the advantage of using only one current conveyor.


Evidence supports the association of some non-conventional or yet to be established risk factors (RFs), such as serum uric acid (UA) or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), with the risk of arterial hypertension (HTN), metabolic syndrome, and chronic kidney disease and a worse prognosis in patients with known coronary vascular disease (CVD). However, there is no evidence from randomized controlled trials to support their use in guiding therapy. In the secondary prevention setting, detection of peripheral vascular damage and kidney dysfunction may provide significant additional prognostic implications.


1. A dispensing device for dispensing a liquid medium, comprising: a reservoir for holding a liquid, the pump in communication with the reservoir, wherein the pump comprises an inlet, an outlet and a recovery means, wherein the pump has an idle stage, the discharge step at which the liquid pump portion is released from through the outlet, a step of charging, at which the liquid portion is drawn from the reservoir through the inlet into the pump, and the recovery means returns the pump in an idle step and discharging step of Erez loading step; mechanism back suction, which is separated from the pump, wherein the mechanism reuptake comprises at least one resilient member capable of storing fluid, a first opening and a second opening, the first opening reuptake mechanism is connected to the outlet of the pump and the resilient member located between the first port and the second port, ivydachnoy end for dispensing fluid from the dispensing device, the dispensing end connected to the second port in reverse mechanism asyvaniya, wherein at the end stage of the pump discharge, unissued fluid remains between the dispensing end and a second opening reuptake mechanism and part unissued vtyagivaetya fluid into the elastic element.2. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the pump recovery means is a compressible element.3. The dispenser of claim 2, wherein the compressible member comprises pruzhinu.4. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein during the step of unloading the external force applied to the elastic member, the external force compresses y


In this article we will present a new robot (MicroVision) that has been designed at the University of Minnesota (UMN), Center for Distributed Robotics. Its design reminds of the designs of previous robots built at the UMN such as the COTS Scouts or the eROSIs. It is composed of a body with two wheels and a tail just like the two aforementioned robots. However, the MicroVision has more powerful processing and sensing capabilities and we utilized these to compute areas in the surrounding environment by using a convex hull approach. We are trying to estimate the projected area of an object onto the ground. This is done by the computation of convex hulls that are based on the data received from the MicroVision's laser range finder. Although localization of the robot is an important feature in being able to compute these convex hulls, localization and mapping techniques are only used as a tool and are not an end in this work. The main idea of this work is to demonstrate the ability of the laser carrying MicroVision robot to move around an object in order to get a scan from each side. From these scans, the convex hull of the shape is deduced and its projected area onto the ground is estimated.


Abstract Granados, J, Gillum, TL, Castillo, W, Christmas, KM, and Kuennen, MR. "Functional" respiratory muscle training during endurance exercise causes modest hypoxemia but overall is well tolerated. J Strength Cond Res 30(3): 755–762, 2016—A novel commercial training mask purportedly allows for combined respiratory muscle training and altitude exposure during exercise. We examined the mask's ability to deliver on this claim. Ten men completed three bouts of treadmill exercise at a matched workload (60%V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak) in a controlled laboratory environment. During exercise, the mask was worn in 2 manufacturer-defined settings (9,000 ft [9K] and 15,000 ft [15K]) and a Sham configuration (∼3,500 ft). Ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (RR), expired oxygen (FEO2) and carbon dioxide (FECO2), peripheral oxygen saturation (SPO2), heart rate, and RPE were measured each minute during exercise, and subjects completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) immediately after. The mask caused a reduction in VE of ∼20L/min in both the 9K and 15K configurations (p < 0.001). This was due to a reduction in RR of ∼10 b·min−1, but not VT, which was elevated by ∼250 ml (p < 0.001). FEO2 was reduced and FECO2 was elevated above Sham in both 9K and 15K (p < 0.001). V[Combining Dot Above]O2 was not different across conditions (p = 0.210), but V[Combining Dot Above]CO2 trended lower at 9K (p = 0.093) and was reduced at 15K (p = 0.016). VE/V[Combining Dot Above]O2 was 18.3% lower than Sham at 9K and 19.2% lower at 15K. VE/V[Combining Dot Above]CO2 was 16.2% lower than Sham at 9K and 18.8% lower at 15K (all p < 0.001). Heart rate increased with exercise (p < 0.001) but was not different among conditions (p = 0.285). SPO2 averaged 94% in Sham, 91% at 9K, and 89% at 15K (p < 0.001). RPE and BAI were also higher in 9K and 15K (p < 0.010), but there was no difference among mask conditions. The training mask caused inadequate hyperventilation that led to arterial hypoxemia and psychological discomfort, but the magnitude of these responses were small and they did not vary across mask configurations.


The rise of crime rates decency committed by children, especially children under the age of the
city of Yogyakarta invites a concern for many parties. To fix this required reduction efforts,
especially by the Police. This study aims to determine the policies of the police in crime
prevention decency committed by children in the city of Yogyakarta, and know the mind to
overcome obstacles which occurs in crime prevention efforts decency committed by children in
the city of Yogyakarta. Research method used is field with a normative juridical approach. The
results of this study indicate that the police policy in dealing decency crime by minors is to keep
processing the offender to the Court, in this case the police are not required to promote diversion.
The obstacles encountered by police in crime prevention efforts decency committed by children
is the lack of evidence and witnesses in criminal disclosure decency committed by children.
To overcome the obstacles that occur in the response to crime committed by a child of decency
in the city of Yogyakarta Police resort to optimization POSBAKUM (Pos Legal Aid) for the
parties litigant who can not afford, legal socialization through seminars recommend results of
this study that the Police should implement a model of restorative justice and diversion in the
prevention of criminal acts committed by the child's morality.


Zirconium- and hafnium-based oxide materials have gained attraction for various nuclear applications. These materials have features in common with one of the early, well-publicized inorganic ceramics for immobilizing nuclear waste. Our interests have addressed the fundamental structural and chemical properties of these oxide systems. We pursued both the crystal chemical constraints of the oxide matrices, as well as the importance of the chemistry of the f-elements. By incorporating five actinide elements in our studies, we were able to compare systematically the materials science of these materials with the fundamental chemistry and electronic configurations of these actinides employed. It is expected that this basic information will be useful technologically in the realm of tailor-made materials for different applications.


Bioencapsulation of microbial cells in silica-based matrices has proved to be a good strategy to enhance the biosynthetic capabilities and viability of bioproducers. In the present study, mycelium and pellet cultures of strain Aspergillus oryzae PP were successfully immobilized in sol–gel hybrid matrices composed of tetraethylorthosilicate as an inorganic precursor, 5% (w/v) starch and 10 or 15% (w/v) polyethylene oxide, or 10% (w/v) calcium alginate as organic compounds. Biosynthetic activity of immobilized cultures was investigated by batch and fed-batch cultivation and the obtained results of 3042.04 IU cm−3 were comparable with the enzyme activity of the free cell culture. Immobilized cultures retained their viability and biosynthetic capabilities up to the 744th h during fed-batch fermentation processes. Consequently, sol–gel encapsulation in hybrid matrices could be considered as a promising technique for immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae PP in order to increase the α-amylase production.


In this paper a sensorless Predictive Torque Control (PTC) is proposed. The reduced order observer is used for stator flux estimation. The prediction model and also the reduced order observer are reinforced by a proposed PI offset compensation scheme for accurate flux and torque prediction and also estimation without the need for speed sensor. Cost function base predictive control is exploited. Method of examining feasible Voltage Vectors (VVs) is used in order to find which VV minimizes the cost function. The selected VV is exerted during the calculated portion of the control interval in order to minimize the torque ripples. The rest of control interval is allocated to Zero Voltage (ZV). The prediction and estimation of the controlled state are based on the offset compensated sensorless models of the induction motor and inverter. The proposed method is verified by simulation results in mean and low speed region.


YEATS'S FATHER ONCE TOLD HIM that poetry concerns itself with the creation of Paradises, and it is certain that the Otherworlds invented or adapted by a poet, whether demonic, purgatorial, or paradisal, are one index to the bias of his imagination. Yeats's multiple Otherworlds, critiques of "this world" both personal and social, are found throughout his prose and poetry, although I confine myself here only to the plays: even those alone, however, are enough to indicate the range of the Yeatsian Otherworld, alternately somber and gay, languorous and active, visionary and bitter. And Yeats's metaphors for the Otherworld provide for some reflections, as I read them, on changes in Yeats's view of the function of art. The Otherworlds Yeats created he also, for the most part, inherited: there appear fitfully throughout his works almost all the notions of Paradise, Fairy Land, the Elysian Fields, and so on, that are common stock in folk tale, myth, and religion, and even the more eccentric Swedenborgian Otherwor...


In June 2007, a sample of leaves was received from a year-round crop of lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum ) growing under glass in Suffolk, UK. The sample exhibited necrosis, mainly observed as pale, necrotic lesions. In the worst affected block up to 20% of plants were reported as showing similar symptoms. A test performed by another laboratory had previously detected Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) in the affected plants. To confirm this diagnosis officially, an ELISA test was performed using an IYSV polyclonal DAS-ELISA kit (Loewe). This test was positive. The result was confirmed using a new real-time PCR (TaqMan®) assay (forward primer (DQ658242-524F): TCCAGAATGTGAAAAAAGAAGCACT; reverse primer (DQ658242-524R): TGCCATGACTCTTGCAACTTTG; MGB Probe (DQ658242-552T): TATAAGCAGATTCTCAA CTTA). This new assay was designed using an available IYSV nucleocapsid (NC) protein gene sequence (GenBank Accession No. DQ658242) and further alignments against 45 other IYSV sequences available on public databases. It was validated with 4 known IYSV isolates; one purchased from Loewe and three kindly supplied by Ko Verhoeven, PPS, The Netherlands. Total RNA extraction (CTAB method) and real-time PCR assay conditions were essentially as described previously (Mumford et al ., 2004). For further confirmation, conventional RT-PCR was performed using IYSV-specific primers (Pappu et al ., 2006), on extracts made from leaf material with symptoms. A product of the correct predicted size (822 bp) was obtained and sequenced. The deduced NC gene sequence obtained (Accession No. AM900393) was analysed and shown to share at least 84% nt identity with all other IYSV NC sequences; the highest homology (98%) being with a Dutch isolate from Iris hollandica (Accession No. AF001387). Widely distributed around the world in onion and leek crops (Jones, 2005; EPPO, www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/viruses/IYSV00.htm), IYSV has been identified in various ornamental crops, including lisianthus (Kritzman et al ., 2000). However, this is the first finding of IYSV in the UK. The infected crop has now been removed and measures taken to eradicate the infection.


Entertainment content creators today must focus on creating content strategies that can evolve along with consumers' perceptions. This content-flexibility conundrum is one that Hollywood and her siblings are rallying to confront.


Protein kinase C (PKC) δ, a member of the novel family of PKC serine‐threonine kinases, has been implicated in negative regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in a large number of cell types, including breast cancer cell lines, and postulated as a tumor suppressor gene. In this study we show that in murine NMuMG mammary cells PKCδ promotes a mitogenic response. Overexpression of PKCδ in NMuMG cells leads to a significant increase in [3H]‐tymidine incorporation and cell proliferation, as well as enhanced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Activation of PKCδ with a phorbol ester leads to elevated cyclin D1 expression and an hyperphosphorylated Rb state. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of PKCδ conferred anchorage‐independent growth capacity to NMuMG cells. PKCδ overexpressors showed enhanced resistance to apoptotic stimuli, such as serum deprivation or doxorubicin treatment, an effect that correlates with hyperactivation of the Akt survival pathway. Our results provide evidence for a role of PKCδ as a positive modulator of proliferative and survival signals in immortalized mammary cells. The fact that PKCδ exerts differential responses depending on the cell context not only highlights the necessity to carefully understand the signaling events controlled by this PKC in each cell type but also suggests that we should be cautious in considering this kinase a target for cancer therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


There is now abundant evidence that tumors of cold blooded vertebrates are essentially similar in morphology and behavior to the corresponding types of tumors in birds and mammals, including man (1, 2). Little, however, is known about their chemical activities. A promising approach to investigations in this field is the study of enzymatic properties of tumors. For these purposes the kidney carcinoma of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) is excellent material; it occurs as a "spontaneous" tumor in frogs living under natural conditions (3); it is readily available and attains a size adequate for analysis; the frogs can be maintained over a wide range of environmental temperature, the effects of which upon enzymatic processes can thus be determined. The present study deals with the enzyme catalase, whose properties have been thoroughly investigated in cancer of warm blooded animals, chiefly mice and rats (4). In mammals two main changes in catalase activity with respect to cancer have been found. First, the catalase activity of any kind of neoplastic tissue is uniformly low. Second, any kind of cancer no matter where located, if sufficiently large, has systemic effects on enzyme systems, the most sensitive indicator of which is diminution of catalase activity of the liver. The results of our experiments will be presented in the following order: (a) Comparison between catalase activity of normal frog kidneys and of kidney tumor; (b) catalase activity of normal or non-tumorous portions of kidneys from tumorbearing frogs; (c) comparison between liver catalase activity of normal and of tumor-bearing frogs; (d) correlation between catalase activity of tumors and of livers from the tumor-bearing frogs; (e) effect of environmental temperature upon catalase activity; (f) effect of intracoelomic injection of homogenates of kidney tumor and of kidney upon liver catalase.


The authors present their findings in the case of a man who died with a primary leimyosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk. The tumor extended to the right pulmonary artery, and in both lungs subpleural metastases were noted. The hilar lymph nodes were negative and no distant metastases were found. This is the twentieth reported case in the literature of primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery, with a different clinical history from the previously reported cases. The difficulty of differentiation, between tumors of the heart base and those arising from the pulmonary artery is discussed.


Course research guide for students in NUR-530 to support course concepts and research needs. What is the CINAHL database, why is it important and how do you use it?


The contents of Zinc(Zn) and Manganese(Mn)in cancerous from 36 patients with esophageal cancer were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry,which was compared with normal esophageal tissues in patients with esophageal cancer and normal persons'.The results show that the contents of Zn and Mn in cancerous tissues are lower than in the patients'normal esophageal tissues and that in the normal subjects,the contents of Zn and Mn in cancerous tissues with worse histologic grading are even lower.The results indicate that there in close relationship between trace element and esophageal cancer.


Iodine is the most important trace element in the human body. Its main function is to participate in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The main source of iodine for humans is food rich in this trace element. The iodine content in foods varies greatly. The main sources of iodine are seafood, iodized salt, seaweed, as well as dairy products and egg yolks. In addition, iodine is found in a number of drugs for external and internal use, dietary supplements, and in iodinated contrast agents.Low-iodine diet (less than 50 μg per day) is prescribed before radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) for thyroid diseases, namely hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer. Currently, there is no consensus on the clinical benefits of such a diet, especially in countries with iodine deficiency, such as Russia.The aim of this review is to assess the need for a low-iodine diet and its optimal duration, as well as to determine the clinical characteristics affecting the outcome of RAIT, based on data from recent studies.


The development of highly productive methods of nondestructive testing of the diffusion coefficient of solvents in thin articles made of capillary-porous materials plays an important role in the organization and improvement of technological production processes, for example, for different sorts of paper and fabrics, and enables operational information to be obtained on the production quality and the prospects for using it. An express method for the nondestructive testing of the diffusion coefficient of solvents in thin articles made of capillary-porous materials has been developed. The basic principle of the method is as follows. A point pulsed action in the form of a dose of solvent is deposited approximately at the center of a plane surface of the article of suitable dimensions. The spreading of the mass of the solvent, assuming that the film of material being investigated is of negligibly small thickness and of sufficient dimensions along the plane part, is described by a boundary value problem, similar to the propagation of mass in an unbounded medium when a pulse from a linear mass source is applied:


HYPOFUNCTION of the thyroid gland is difficult to evaluate clinically in children who are mentally or physically retarded, who are obese, or who have minimal clinical symptoms suggestive of cretinism. Serum butanol-extractable or protein-bound iodine concentrations have been found to be reliable criteria of thyroid activity in adults. The range for serum butanol-extractable iodine of normal children at various ages needs to be defined accurately. In this investigation the serum butanol-extractable iodines of 40 normal children between the ages of 2 months and 10 years are presented. In addition, 56 children in the same age range with obesity, mental or physical retardation, or symptoms of Mongolism were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS On the basis of physical examinations and clinical histories obtained from the parents or guardians, the 96 children between the ages of 2 months and 10 years were divided into two groups of 40 normal and 56 abnormal children.


Wind speeds have long been estimated from C-band VV-polarized SAR data by using the CMOD algorithms such as CMOD4, CMOD5, and CMOD_IFR2. Some SAR data with HH-polarization without any observations in VV-polarization mode should be converted to VV-polarized value in order to use the previous algorithms based on VV-polarized observation. To satisfy the necessity of polarization ratio (PR) for the conversion, we retrieved the conversion parameter from full-polarized SIR-C SAR image off the east coast of Korea. The polarization ratio for SIR-C SAR data was estimated to 0.47. To assess the accuracy of the polarization ratio coefficient, pseudo VV-polarized normalized radar cross section (NRCS) values were calculated and compared with the original VV-polarized ones. As a result, the estimated psudo values showed a good agreement with the original VV-polarized data with an root mean square error by 0.99 dB. We applied the psudo NRCS to the estimation of wind speeds based on the CMOD wind models. Comparison of the retrieved wind field with the ECMWF and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind data showed relatively small rms errors of 1.88 and 1.91 m/s, respectively. SIR-C HH-polarized SAR wind retrievals met the requirement of the scatterometer winds in overall. However, the polarization ratio coefficient revealed dependence on NRCS value, wind speed, and incident angle.


The manner in which new drugs are studied has changed drastically during the past 30 years. Certainly, the effective administration of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act has been a factor in this, but the importance of the gain in our basic knowledge of drug actions and the effect of intense competition in the pharmaceutic field have also played important roles. Safety evaluation has almost reached the status of a separate specialty.


It is well known that the Clifford Algebras, and their quaternionic and octonionic subalgebras, are structures of fundamental importance in modern physics. Geoffrey Dixon has even used them as the centerpiece of a novel approach to Grand Unification. In the spirit of Wheeler's notion of "pregeometry" and more recent work on quantum set theory, the goal of the present investigation is to explore how these algebras may be seen to emerge from a simpler and more primitive order. In order to observe this emergence in the most natural way, a pregeometric domain is proposed that consists of two different kinds of boundaries, each imposing different properties on the combinatory operations occurring between elements they contain. It is shown that a very simple variant of this kind of "multiboundary algebra" gives rise to Clifford Algebra, in much the same way as Spencer-Brown's simpler single-boundary algebra gives rise to Boolean algebra.


Neural networks have seen a recent increased use in control feedback systems. However, providing robustness guarantees on these feedback systems has proven challenging and to combat these issues, there is a significant amount of current research. One of the biggest shortcoming of neural networks is how sensitive they are to adversarial inputs. Given that feedback systems are usually subject to external perturbations, this issue surrounding neural networks must be overcome before they can be used in safety-critical applications. One method to tackle this problem is to compute outer-approximations of the reachable sets, through bounding the activation functions in the neural network controller. Our approach is to use these bounds in a sparse polynomial optimisation framework in conjunction with the Positivstellensatz. The sparsity property is able to exploit the natural cascading structure of the neural network to allow for tractable solve times. The Positivstellensatz is able to provide more accurate bounds over similar methods by asserting the emptiness of a semi-algebraic set. We show through examples that our method can provide tighter bounds over similar methods, with reasonable computational time. Our approach is also able to deal with non-linear polynomial dynamics due to the polynomial optimisation framework we use, while other methods need to use alternative work-around solutions to incorporate the non-linearities.


Questions about the relation between present and past have become increasingly urgent as we reach new levels of existential despair in the face of political impasse, neoliberal rationalization, and environmental catastrophe. There is an overriding sense—discernible across high theory and public discourse alike—that we are living in the present of no future.1 How can strategic presentism help us with our sense of being out of time, no longer able to imagine a viable collective (or even reproductive) future and stymied by visions of the world without us? A short history of presentism might begin not with the V21 manifesto, but with work in postcolonial criticism and the new imperial history. In the introduction to her recently published collection Empire in Question (2013), for example, Antoinette Burton argues for a historical practice that takes into account "the impact of the present on the project of writing about the past" (2) and the "perennial present-ness . . . of empire" (22). Similarly, Lisa Lowe's ambitious The Intimacies of Four Continents (2015) calls for an interrogation of liberal history and its progressive narratives which, she argues, continue to obfuscate the connections she painstakingly reconstructs between liberal ideals and the slavery and colonialism that underwrote them, and between the various forms of exploitation that crisscrossed the globe as capitalism took shape in the nineteenth century. If these critics offer new ways of doing history, David Scott, in Conscripts of Modernity (2004), argues for new ways of seeing history in order to ask new questions of it: "Today nation and socialism do not name visionary horizons of new beginnings any of us can look toward as though they were fresh thresholds of aspiration and achievement . . . to the contrary, they name forms of existing


We have investigated reactively sputtered films of RuO2 for possible application in very large scale integrated circuits. Sputtering yields stoichiometric ruthenium dioxide in a large window of oxygen pressures and the films are reasonably low stressed in the 10−9 dyn cm−2 range. The resistivity of as deposited films is 40 μΩ cm. The films are excellent barriers against interdiffusion of Si and Al.


Whey protein concentrate has good palatability,which plays an important function in improving animal performance and enhancing immunity function.The nutritional characteristics,application of whey protein concentrate in piglet production and its mechanisms were reviewed in this article.


In their comment, Shukla and Stenflo proposed a completeset of equations @i.e., Eqs. ~1!–~4! in Ref. 1# to describe thesolitary kinetic Alfve´n wave ~SKAW! data from the Frejasatellite, in which the equilibrium electron and ion velocitygradients, the parallel ion dynamics and the electron–ion andion–ion collision effects are included. It is easy to find thatthe equation system proposed by Shukla and Stenflo is es-sentially no different from that presented in our paper ~i.e.,Ref. 2! if neglecting above the effects in Shukla andStenflo's equation system.With regard to the points criticized by Shukla and Sten-flo, we would like to explain in turn as follows: First, ne-glecting magnetic field perturbations and electron inertialcontribution ~the


Mahler's use of recurring thematic and motivic elements is the topic under consideration in this paper. The subject was decided upon after a preliminary investigation into possible instances of the use of leitmotiv in Mahler's Symphony JI led to the conclusion that occurrences of that device are, at best, only matters of supposition. The study did reveal, however, a considerable number of themes and motives in Symphony 1I that could be traced directly to Symphony I. A logical question followed: Were there similar recurrences in any of the other symphonies? Further research indicated that such instances of cyclicism (a more concise synonym for "recurring themes and motives") were not only common, but were an important element in Mahler's style.


The U-CAS is a spinning magnetized top that is levitated in a static magnetic field. The field is produced by a permanent magnet base, positioned below the hovering top. In this paper we derive upper and lower bounds for h - the maximum hovering height of this top. We show that the bounds are of the form a*L where a is a dimensionless number ranging from about 1 to 12, depending on the constraints on the shape of the base and on stability considerations, and L is a characteristic length for the problem. For modern permanent magnets we find that L=~1[meter], thus limiting h to about few meters.


The ever decreasing use efficiency of N fertilizers and the resultant severe pollution to water body in China has been given great concerns globally.On a basis of concept,assessment and experimental approaches of fertilizer use efficiency,how to screen the fertilization data from field experiments and conventional farm managements,howto assess N use efficiency from field fertilization rates experiments,nutrient ration with balancing and how to design a fertilization rate with rational nutrient ration for higher use efficiency from the real relationship of yield gain with fertilizer input was discussed in this paper.A sound assessment of fertilizer,N fertilizer in particular,would be possible only when the grain increase against nutrient input in a well designed fertil-ization scheme was taking into account.


The adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels,termed KATP channels,are characterized by a strong inhibition of channel activity by intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate(ATP)thereby coupling the metabolic state of cells to their excitability and regulating a variety of functions.Its regulation is very complicated.Currently,its modulation by ATP/ADP,phospholipids and cytoskeleton are being actively studied.This article reviews the advances in the structure,function,regulation of KATP,especially the activity,sensitivity and rundown/reactivation of the channel to provide useful information for the research on the control of KATP-related diseases.


Mammography, in principal, is x‐ray imaging with high resolution and contrast and based on the fact that the intensity of the x‐ray radiation reduced different amount as it traverses different matter. Starting from this basic definition we have explored the possibility of using x‐ray attenuation for quantitative determination of the density of the sample along the path of the x‐ray beam, which in our case corresponds to the product of the breast thickness and actual density of the breast. We have observed that x‐ray attenuation is strongly correlated with the percent breast density and developed a simple method based on this simple physical principle in order to estimate the percent breast density from digital mammographyimages. Comparison of the results with the radiologist evaluation for breast density demonstrates the applicability of the x‐ray attenuation measurements to determine breast density using a physical model without any assumptions.


[1] The behavior of three ecosystem models is analyzed for upwelling off the Oregon coast as a function of the number of model components. The first ecosystem model includes dissolved inorganic nitrogen-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ), the second (NPZD) adds detritus, and the third (NNPZD) splits the nutrients into nitrate and ammonium. The models are made as equivalent as possible by choosing the same parameterizations for the biological interactions and are coupled to a two-dimensional physical circulation model. Simulations with wind forcing from summer 1973 lead to similar spatial and temporal patterns for the three models. The mean phytoplankton concentration is maximum onshore of the upwelling jet while the mean zooplankton concentration is maximum farther offshore. The main difference among the models is a larger maximum zooplankton concentration for the NPZ simulation. This difference is attributed to the sinking of phytoplankton rather than detritus. We repeat the NNPZD summer 1973 simulation with wind forcing from 1999 and with constant wind stress. We also use the 1973 wind forcing and vary model parameters. The zooplankton maximum grazing rate is increased, the detritus sinking rate is reduced, and the inhibition of nitrate uptake by ammonium is removed. In all cases, the maximum of the zooplankton concentration is found offshore of the phytoplankton maximum. The locations and magnitudes depend upon the nature of the time variability of the wind forcing and on the biological parameters. The wind variability and the parameter values have little effect on the mean primary productivity, but have a larger effect on the f-ratio.


In this work, we present a novel construction for solving the linear multiuser detection problem using the Gaussian Belief Propagation algorithm. Our algorithm yields an efficient, iterative and distributed implementation of the MMSE detector. Compared to our previous formulation, the new algorithm offers a reduction in memory requirements, the number of computational steps, and the number of messages passed. We prove that a detection method recently proposed by Montanari et al. is an instance of ours, and we provide new convergence results applicable to both.


Objective
To investigate the insulin resistance and microalbuminuria in the healthy offspring with a family history of essential hypertension, in order to explore the relationship between the genetic factor and early renal injury.

Methods
69 healthy offsprings with the family history of essential hypertension were randomly recruited as the observation group, 35 healthy offsprings without the family history of essential hypertension were considered as the control group. The consecutive 12-hour urine was collected to detect the urinary albumin, and blood biochemical examination was conducted.

Results
Plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, fasting insulin, and urinary albumin excretion rate were higher in observation group than in the control group 〔(1.07±0.65) mmol/L vs. (0.79±0.52) mmol/L, (4.83±0.78) mmol/L vs. (4.48±0.63) mmol/L, (5.27±0.73) mmol/L vs. (4.94±0.85) mmol/L, (10.63±3.21) mIU/L vs. (7.72±3.35) mIU/L, (45.6±29.5) μg/min vs. (18.6±11.7) μg/min, t=2.259、2.348、2.093、4.381、5.337, all P<0.05〕.

Conclusions
Insulin resistance and microalbuminuria occur before hypertension in healthy offsprings with the family history of essential hypertension, and the patients are prone to getting early renal damage, which indicates that heredity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease.

Key words:
Hypertension; Genetic predisposition to disease; Renal failure, chronic; Insulin resistance


The combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) provides a direct means of assessing focal and distributed cortical behavior such as excitation/inhibition, intrinsic oscillatory activity and connectivity. However, TMS-EEG poses a number of technical challenges, foremost of which is removal of stimulation-induced artifacts that are several orders of magnitude larger than the neural signals of interest and typically obscure critical early neural responses to the stimulation. Here we describe a non-linear non-causal neural network predictor, built using a Gated Recurrent Unit architecture, and demonstrate its use to remove TMS artifacts from EEG recorded on a phantom, as well as real EEG synthetically contaminated by artifacts from the phantom experiment. Our results indicate that this artifact removal algorithm may decontaminate EEG signals as early as 6ms following stimulation. Given this result we discuss the future development of neural network based predictors for TMS artifact rejection.


Abstract:This essay foregrounds the hermeneutic purchase of totality in contemporary literary criticism. Responding to the recent proliferation of the "gig work" novel, the essay takes up two interrelated lines of inquiry: How might we rethink the conceptual affordances of "totality" for the ongoing project of the critique of political economy? What would a rethinking of totality's position in the conceptual architecture of literary criticism offer in the way of new heuristics for the analysis of the novel? Through recourse to G. W. F. Hegel's Science of Logic and Michael Theunissen, Hans-Friedrich Fulda, and Rolf-Peter Horstmann's Critical Presentation of Metaphysics: A Discussion of Hegel's "Logic" (Kritische Darstellung der Metaphysik: Eine Diskussion über Hegels "Logik"), this essay proposes a method of literary analysis that approaches the formal aspects of the novel as defined through the historical-material conditions for the writing of the text. The essay then puts a close reading of Hilary Leichter's Temporary in conversation with Sarah Brouillette's account of the decline of the Englishlanguage literary novel to suggest how the formal properties of the contemporary gig work novel respond to the general crisis of novel production in the twenty-first century.


This study investigates the feasibility and benefits of transferring data between Autodesk Revit (used for building information modeling (BIM)) and BUILDER SMS (used for sustainable facility management (SFM)). Two data transfer methods were evaluated using a case study; one involved entirely manual data transfer, the other a combination of manual and automatic. Of the data transfer methods evaluated, the manual/automated hybrid was determined to be the best option, especially when regular updates are envisioned. The case study produced an enhanced BIM model that can be used to support sustainable facility management, called here an SFM-enhanced BIM model. An integration workflow is proposed for efficiently creating future SFM-enhanced BIM models. A focus group of facilities management professionals evaluated the case study BIM model. The focus group was most interested in the visualization capabilities—e.g., filtered views for condition assessments—and the ability to view the BIM model on a tablet/mobile device during on-site operation and maintenance activities.


In Singapore, it is not uncommon for Terminal Discharges (TDs) to be carried out from hospitals. Such discharges see terminally ill patients being sent home to die, in accordance to their said wishes.In practice, however, concerns may develop over prognostication, potential compromises in care and routine cessation of treatments that cannot be maintained in the home setting. As a result, if due diligence is not exercised, parallels may be drawn with Passive Euthanasia (PE).In this essay, we will discuss the circumstances in which TDs are undertaken, and touch on familial determinations of care and circumnavigation of direct patient involvement. Using a hypothetical case scenario, we will focus on case-specific assessments and highlight the fundamental flaws in associating euthanasia with TD.We will then see how we can mitigate the risks of carrying out PE by utilising a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) for a context- and patient-specific approach to TDs.


When structures undergo rotating motion, their modal characteristics often vary significantly. The variations of modal characteristics are determined from their geometric shapes and their rotating angular speed. Since the modal characteristics vary during the operation of the structures, they should be carefully scrutinized. In this paper, rotating cantilever beams are chosen as design targets which need to meet some specific design requirements. The thickness and the width of the rotating beams are assumed as multi-stage spline functions and the stage values for the thickness and the width are used as design variables for the optimization problems.


In 1981 the Mexican "Rural Family Planning Survey" included some questions dealing with contraceptive knowledge and the accessibility of health care and family planning promotion facilities. The survey was performed on towns of population <2500. Despite the fact that contraceptive knowledge had reached high levels (79.3% of the rural women surveyed knew about oral contraceptives; 26.4% had heard about condoms) womens knowledge of sources of contraceptives was low (only 29.8% of the women possessing this knowledge knew of where to obtain the pill while 41.2% of women familiar with the condom as a contraceptive were aware of where to obtain it). Primary and 2ndary education were determinants of contraceptive knowledge. Only 9% of women with a primary education were ignorant of contraception while the figure for uneducated women was 42%. Generally midwives were considered to be the best source of knowledge followed by public health oriented centers and in the case of the condom pharmacies. A large and distrubing number of women living in the smaller villages (<500 population) did not benefit from the availability of any health or family planning services. Generally contraceptive practice was correlated with the number of contraceptive methods known but by far the greatest increase in practice occurred between 1 and 2 methods known. In general the greater the number of contraceptive services provided to populations the greater was the usage. The order of contraceptive perference was orals followed by injectables surgical sterilization the IUD and the condom.


Abstract In this paper, a compact quintuple notched-band ultra-wideband bandpass filter with high selectivity and wide bandwidth is proposed. The filter adopts an approximate closed-loop C-shaped stepped impedance resonator to generate triple notched bands, and uses Hilbert fractal curve slit and L-shaped resonator to create single notched band, respectively. Multiple notched-band are centered at 5.29, 6.61, 7.92, 8.95, and 9.93 GHz to eliminate undesired interference from coexisting wireless services of WLAN, C-band, and X-band. Additionally, two transmission zeros are introduced to enhance the sharp skirt selectivity up to 0.944. This filter could exhibit high sharp selectivity and wider bandwidth simultaneously. The filter is fabricated on a RT/Duroid 5880 substrate (ɛr = 2.2 and thickness = 0.787 mm) and measured to verify the simulation results. Both simulation and measurement are in well agreement, showing the good performance of the filter.


This paper presents a solution to the cell assignment problem in a CMOL crossbar architecture. We show that the input and output connectivity domains of each cell has a particular shape and that the shape is very important for accurate cell assignment and placement. We show that by estimating the connectivity domain using Manhattan distance, previous work on CMOL cell assignment have greatly inflated the number of available cells and deflated the numbers of buffers needed for complete placement of a circuit to a CMOL array.


We define the class of elimination algorithms. There are algebraic algorithms for evaluating multivariate polynomials, and include as a special case Gaussian elimination for evaluating the determinant. We show how to find the linear symmetries of a polynomial, defined appropriately, and use these methods to find the linear symmetries of the permanent and determinant. We show that in contrast to the Gaussian elimination algorithm for the determinant, there is no elimination algorithm for the permanent.


Objective To investigate effect of evdence-based nursing compared to traditional care.Methods Two hundred and one patients with sellar region tumors from Jan 2009 to Dec 2010 were included in the study.Among them,98 patients from Jan 2009 to Dec 2009 were included as control group,and 103 patients from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 were included as study group.Traditional nursing and evdence-based nursing was applied to control and study group respectively.Results Occurrence of electrolyte disturbance and mean hospital stay was significantly lower in study group than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Evdence-based nursing can reduce occurrence of postoperative electrolyte disturbance and mean hospital stay.This method can improve patient care.


An automobile service and inspection time indicating device wherein the members for performing the resetting operation are recessed from the surface of the outer plate of the meter case to avoid inadvertent operation of the resetting mechanism. The indicating elements can be positively seen during the daytime or at night.


Hanfei(韩非)is the representative legalist in the period of warring states period.Hanfei's theory of human nature inherits and develops Guanzi's(管子)theory of human nature.Here are differences in Hanfei's and Guanzi's human nature theory. They put out their theory of administer a country based on their theory of human nature.Study and discuss two persons' theory of human nature and theory of administer a country have significance for the building of our country legal system.


1 Chapter 1 2 Statement of problem 4 Objectives of the project 5 Assumptions 5 Delimitations 6 Limitations 7 Definitions of terms 8 Chapter 2 10 Activity analysis 11 Why analyze activities 11 The activity checklist 13 Attributes of activities identified and grouped into their domains 13 Standardization of activity analysis 15 Teambuilding 16 History of Teambuilding 17 Present day teambuilding methods and goals 19 Teambuilding defined as experiential education 20 Effective teambuilding leadership 21 Facilitator's role in leading 22 Activity Selection 22 The need for teambuilding activity analysis proposal 25 Creation of a database 25 Summary and conclusion 26 Chapter 3 28 Methods and procedures 28 Project description 28 Background of participating agencies 31 Target population 32 Procedures / procedural steps for project completion 33 The role of the project agency 35 Site assessment / determination 36 Instruments 36 Funding sources 36 Evaluation plan 37 Chapter 4 38


Background: Although studies on physical motor learning through motor imagery training have been conducted in various fields, studies on its effectiveness are still considered insufficient.
Objective: To investigate the effect of motor imagery training and balance training on static balance of asymptomatic adults in their 20s.
Design: A quasi-experimental study.
Methods: Thirty-six adults in their 20s who passed the tandem stance test were randomized to the motor imagery training group (MIG, n=12), motor imagery with balance training group (MIBG, n=12), and balance training group (BG, n=12). Each group underwent their respective interventions three times a week for four weeks, and changes in static balance were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: Trace length was significantly lower in the MIBG than in the MIG and BG (P<.05), and a significant reduction in trace length in the MIBG was observed after the intervention as compared to the baseline (P<.05). Furthermore, a significantly lower velocity was observed in the MIBG than in the MIG and BG (P<.05), and a significant reduction of velocity in the MIBG was more observed after the intervention compared to the baseline (P<.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that motor imagery training enhance static balance in healthy college students.


In recent years, China's economic strength has been developing rapidly. At the same time, people's daily living standards have also been increasingly rising. In this context, the authorities are paying more and more attention to the training of students as well as talents. As a result, the quality of classroom teaching in universities has become a major concern. As an essential evaluation tool for teaching quality, evaluation of classroom teaching has been widely recognised and implemented. With the rapid development of computer technology and information technology, teaching evaluation based on various algorithms has been widely used, thus becoming an increasingly important teaching evaluation method. Thus, classroom teaching assessment has become one of the hot issues discussed in the field of education both at home and abroad. A great number of universities are now fully aware that the effectiveness of teachers is central to their survival and development and can have a direct impact on the training of students. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of teaching are highly subjective, but at the same time, there is a considerable degree of objectivity. As a result, the application of more scientific methods and computational data can make the results of classroom assessment more reliable. However, there is a lack of reliable reference data for evaluating the quality of classroom teaching in higher education. In addition, it is difficult to develop an evaluation data management and evaluation management model based on multiple data sources, which may cause a negative effect on the impartiality and objectivity of evaluation results. What is worse, many teachers do not have enough time to interact with their students. After all, most teachers in universities now have a heavy teaching load, and much of their time is spent on lesson preparation. Hence, they usually lack active interaction with their students. In the current education system, the objectives of higher education are mainly test-taking, and practical application is lacking. Therefore, based on the existing teaching basis, how to improve the effectiveness of university classroom teaching and improve the overall quality of students on the basis of test-taking objectives will be a key issue in teaching research. In order to solve this problem, this paper mainly researches the evaluation of classroom teaching quality in universities based on the interval intuitionistic fuzzy theory. This study is based on a detailed analysis of the needs of teaching quality assessment management, in terms of comprehensiveness of assessment and data sources. Then, the teaching evaluation system is designed and developed based on an analysis of the roles of students and teachers. This system can be applied to speed up the efficiency and fairness of teaching evaluation in universities, thereby greatly improving the management of teaching in universities.


Many state DOTs are currently considering alternative strategies for implementing geographical information systems for transportation (GIS-T). A few brave agencies have stepped forward and begun to implement systems. Three recent nationwide studies of GIS-T efforts (Wisconsin, Florida, and Saskatchewan) (AASHTO 1990 GIS-T survey, UNC-Charlotte 1991, NHCRP 1991) have shown that there is no single "optimal" path to GIS-T implementation, but rather a multitude of shades and nuances. Few studies to date have made a detailed classification of GIS-T systems. This paper therefore focuses on three leading DOT GIS-T efforts which might serve as good examples of distinctive technical and institutional development approaches. The authors take responsibility for any interpretations or errors in their statements.


The following study used sales data to ascertain the presence of a link between current socio-political tensions (as measured by the Bulletin of Atomic Sciences' Doomsday Clock and national crime statistics) and the prevalence and acceptance of so-called "vigilante justice" portrayed in the top-selling comic books during the period between 1989 and 2001. The purpose of this study is to understand what, if any, relationship exists between dark times and desperate measures; between a feeling of powerlessness in world affairs, and the belief that justice outside of the system is acceptable when that system, at home or abroad, fails to keep people safe.


A high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method was developed for the determination of migration amounts of 19 UV absorbers in food contact materials. Influences of different food simulants and immersion time on the migration of UV absorbers were investigated. The results showed that the low migration of UV absorbers was found in water,3% acetic acid and low concentration ethanol,while the high migration was found in 95% ethanol and isooctane,which can be explained by their molecular structure. The migration of UV absorbers in food contact material was similar in immersion at 80 ℃ for 6 h and 40 ℃ for 10 d. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0. 5-20 mg/L for 19 UV absorbers,with correlation coefficients more than 0. 999 5. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 83. 8% to 98. 0% in 95% ethanol and isooctane. With high sensitivity,recovery and selectivity,the method could fully meet the requirements for practical work.


The course programs of Cell Engineering for biopharmaceutical specialty in some foreign and Chinese universities have been investigated in this paper.After the analysis on the development of cell engineering in biopharmaceutical industry and practical need on the knowledge in this field,the authors put forward some suggestion on the course plan according to the characteristics of the course in the specialty.The reformed program may be helpful to the course construction in the biopharmaceutical direction.


Grain growth is one of the most basic microstructure evolution processes in polycrystalline materials.Investigation into the grain growth process is of both theoretical and practical significance.Nowsday,phase field model is a heated topic at home and abroad as an effect method in numerical simulation of grain growth.In this paper,the physic nature,numerical computation methods of phase field model is evaluated;the advances of phase field simulation on grain growth are reviewed.The main problem and the future directions of research in this area are proposed.


Milk has been identified as having the potential of being a carrier of human pathogens, and it is thus essential to eliminate or reduce the likelihood of milk borne contamination. This problem of milk contamination is generally solved by the process of pasteurisation which is achieved by heating the "raw" material for a sufficient period of time to destroy any pathogenic and spoilage bacteria which may be present at a temperature of below 100°C. Presently, there are two basic methods of pasteurisation in use in the dairy industry, the LTLT and the HTST methods, where the applied heat treatment is considered sufficient to ensure public safety and adequate keeping quality. In addition to these, there is another method, the "pot" pasteurisation, to be found in Southern Africa that was designed to eliminate potential pathogenic and spoilage bacteria present in raw milk. As far as it is known no thermal studies have been done on the "pot" pasteurisation method. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of different milk pasteurisation temperature and time combinations on the survival of selected microbes. The accuracy of the "pot" pasteurisation method and how it differs from the other pasteurisation methods was also determined using the same selected microbes. The six selected microbes were thermally inactivated by using the LTLT, HTST and the "pot" pasteurisation methods at low and high inoculum levels of 10 and 10 cfu.ml. The thermal death curves were constructed for each selected species. The selected microbes included the strains Bacillus cereus (S4), Chryseobacterium meningosepticum (S5), Pseudomonas putida (S6), Acinetobacter baumannii (C3), Escherichia coli (58) and Candida lipolytica (G1). Survivors were enumerated after heating for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 min for both the LTLT and HTST pasteurisation methods and after heating for 0, 10, 20 and 30 min for the "pot" pasteurisation method. The results from this study showed that with the exception of the B. cereus strain, the other selected microbes at both high and low concentration levels did not survive the LTLT or the HTST pasteurisation methods. It was found that for all the organisms used in this study, there was a rapid initial death rate just before the required pasteurisation temperatures of 63°, 72° and 90°C were reached, during the "come-up" period. In contrast, the results from the "pot" pasteuriser showed that the


Amino acid transporters in plants are crucial for distributing amino acids between plant organs and cellular compartments. The H(+)-coupled plasma membrane transporter CAT1 (cationic amino acid transporter 1) facilitates the high-affinity uptake of basic amino acids. The uptake of lysine (Lys) via the roots was not altered in loss-of-function mutants, in accordance with the minor expression of CAT1 in roots, but plants ectopically overexpressing CAT1 incorporated Lys at higher rates. Exogenous Lys inhibited the primary root of Arabidopsis, whereas lateral roots were stimulated. These effects were augmented by the presence or absence of CAT1. Furthermore, the total biomass of soil-grown plants ectopically overexpressing CAT1 was reduced and the time to flowering was accelerated. These effects were accompanied by only minor changes in the overall amino acid profile. Interestingly, CAT1 belongs to a specific small cluster of nitrogen-containing metabolite transporter genes that are rapidly up-regulated upon infection with Pseudomonas syringae and that may participate in the systemic response of plants to pathogen attack. The overexpression of CAT1 indeed enhanced the resistance to the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen P. syringae via a constitutively activated salicylic acid (SA) pathway, which is consistent with the developmental defects and the resistance phenotype.


In the proposed paradigm the space is filled with a very high flux φ o of very small quanta whose wavelength λ o results equal to the Planck's length. Since their energy E o = h o ν o is very small, the relevant quantum constant h o is enormously smaller than the usual Planck's constant. Any particle shows a little Compton's cross section σ i =A o m i proportional to its mass, so these quanta freely travel in space along large distances (cosmic quanta). Colliding with matter the quanta impose the principles of conservation of energy and momentum, as well as the laws of relativistic mechanics and related inertial forces. The strong equivalence principle, in the version stating that both inertia and gravitation come from a single phenomenon, becomes the relevant test to verify the physical reality of the cosmic quanta i.e. their capacity to explain the gravitational interaction. The quanta colliding with two masses give up a little momentum (E o-E 1)/c which produces a newtonian force pushing the masses each towards the other. The quantity G = K o φ o E o A o 2 /4πc depends on the quanta characteristics, so the Newton's gravitational mass no longer holds. However the most interesting feature is that the new gravitational force depends also on the quantum energy. For instance a mass facing a very dense star, where the quanta undergo n collisions, receives weakened quanta of energy E n <E 1 <E o which give the mass the momentum (E o-E n)/c >> (E o-E 1)/c. This fact increases the newtonian G by the gravity factor (n/a) ≥ 1 depending on the star mass and density. For instance the gravity factor reaches numbers of 200÷300 in the case of neutron stars, incrementing notably their accretion capacity. This property may explain, in particular, the mystery of the obscure galactic supermassive bodies whose gravitational effects have been observed to rise up to 3.7x10 6 times the Sun effects. Current gravitational theories are unable to give a convincing explanation of this phenomenon.