CAO 2018 Catherine FontaineSylvestre Efficacy of deep overbite correction using Invisalign® Catherine Fontaine-Sylvestre*, Robert Drummond, Luis Piedade, Reynaldo Todescan INTRODUCTION: A deep overbite is a common malocclusion encountered in orthodontic patients. It represents about 95.2% of vertical occlusal problems in the general population and is more prevalent than open bite. It can be dentoalveolar or skeletal in origin, or a combination of both. The increasing number of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment has led to an increased demand for aesthetic alternatives to fixed multibracket systems. For more than a decade, Invisalign® has treated patients presenting minor to complex malocclusions. However, there are limited data to assess the efficacy of Invisalign® in the treatment of deep overbite. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of deep overbite correction using Invisalign®. MATERIAL & METHODS: Fifty-one adult patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment exclusively with Invisalign® were included in the preliminary data of this retrospective study. Preand post-treatment digital models acquired from an iTero® scan were obtained from a single orthodontist. Linear values of the preand post-treatment overbite were measured in the OrthoCAD® software. A sample t-test was used to measure the overbite correction achieved throughout the first round of aligners. Variance ratio tests were used to determine if the amount of pre-treatment overbite, the type and number of bite opening mechanics were correlated with larger corrections. RESULTS: The mean overbite correction in deep bite subjects using Invisalign® was 1.031 (±0.775) mm. The mean overbite correction was 0.750 (±0.784) mm in the mild overbite group, 1.207 (±0.577) mm in the moderate overbite group and 1.280 (±0.834) mm in the severe overbite group. The overbite correction was greater in the severe overbite group compared to the mild and moderate overbite groups, but this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mechanics that were used for overbite correction were mainly lower incisor intrusion (86.67%), upper incisor intrusion (83.33%), upper incisor proclination (80.00%) and lower incisor proclination (73.33%). Patients with upper incisor intrusion and lower incisor intrusion had a statistically significant greater overbite reduction (p < 0.05). An increased number of bite opening mechanics was correlated to a greater overbite correction, but this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Invisalign® is successful at opening deep bites during the first set of aligners, up to just beyond 1 mm, irrespective of the depth of the initial overbite.


Objective To explore the anti-tumor effect of ultrasound microbubbles mediated suicide gene on ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cells.Methods Under the conditions of optimal ultrasound transfection parameters,pORF-HSV1TK plasmid was transfected into SKOV3 cells by ultrasound mediated microbubbles.Then the cells were divided into negative control group(group C),ultrasound wave irradiation group(group U),liposome group(group L,positive control group),liposome and ultrasound wave irradiation group(group L+U),liposome,microbubbles and ultrasound wave irradiation group(group L+M+U) as well as microbubbles and ultrasound wave irradiation group(group M+U).The expression of HSV1TK was detected by using RT-PCR,the inhibition rates of proliferation of SKOV3 cells were detected by using MTT,the changes of quantity and morphology of SKOV3 cells was observed by using light microscope,and the rate of early apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by using flow cytometry(FCM).Results The expression of HSV1TK mRNA was the most obvious in group L+M+U.The inhibition rate of proliferation induced by HSV1TK/GCV in SKOV3 was stronger than those in other groups(all P0.05).Compared with other groups,SKOV3 cells in group L+M+U decreased significantly with the most abnormal morphology by light microscope.The rate of early apoptosis of SKOV3 cells in group L+M+U was(49.13±0.82)%,most of SKOV3 cell cycles were blocked in G1 phase(P0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-mediated microbubbles can enhance the anti-tumor effect of HSV1TK/GCV system by inhibiting the proliferation of SKOV3 cells and inducing the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells,and the cell cycle is blocked in G1 phase.


Today information is important for man and total fields. Science field is not exception. Currently information age things of information is only useful for man and total industry. So bioinformation is necessary of biodiversity in broadly wide and detailed information. Among information, bioinformation of biodiversity is important and utilization of living things. Among them, the mushroom(higher fungi) are an important part in ecosystem as a decomposer responsible for recycling materials. Many living things today, however, have endangered by environmental pollution and ecological destruction. The higher fungi also are not exception. Mushroom has been used for food sources, pharmacy and forests resources from ancient times. Among biodiversity, database of mushroom is very necessary for university, institute and industry. This DB contains four items of native mushroom(higher fungi) from Korea. first item contain species, genus, family, order class, ad division according to the classification. Second item contain pharmaceutical purpose, food source, culture, toxic, anti-cancer of the application. Third item contain symbiosis, rotten trees of the ecological resources. Fourth item contain geographical distribution and illustrated literature. Information system is also available using KRISTAL Ⅱ for searches on the WEB in URL http://ruby. kisti. re. kr/~mushroom.


Do administrators tend to develop working definitions of "normal" rates of deviance for the type of organization they control? School principals' estimates of the rates of deviance for their schools were found to be remarkably uniform across a nationwide sample of 7,289 public or private schools encompassing various grade levels and socioeconomic mixtures of pupils. Fully 94 percent of the pupils in the sample attend schools where the deviance rate is estimated to be less than 10 percent. Structural and subcultural explanations for uniformity of principals' perceptions are suggested.


The suitability of catenary directly affects the performance of current collecting between the pantogragh and catenary,in a general way whether the catenary has large unsuitability,namely hard spot,is depended on which if the maximum associated with the vertical impact acceleration of pan-head within each segment is larger than a given threshold,it is calculated by fuzzy c-mean algorithm.Linear regression is used to equal the speed,which eliminates the influence of speed on the maximum associated with the vertical impact acceleration of pan-head.The result shows that threshold of the hard spot calculated by FCM algorithm is reasonable.


We present high-resolution images of the submillimeter SiO line emissions of a massive young stellar object Orion Source I using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at band 8. We detected the 464 GHz SiO v = 4 J = 11–10 line in Source I, which is the first detection of the SiO v = 4 line in star-forming regions, together with the 465 GHz 29SiO v = 2 J = 11–10 and the 428 GHz SiO v = 2 J = 10–9 lines with a resolution of 50 au. The 29SiO v = 2 J = 11–10 and SiO v = 4 J = 11–10 lines have compact structures with a diameter of <80 au. The spatial and velocity distributions suggest that the line emissions are associated with the base of the outflow and the surface of the edge-on disk. In contrast, SiO v = 2 J = 10–9 emission shows a bipolar structure in the direction of northeast–southwest low-velocity outflow with a ∼200 au scale. The emission line exhibits a velocity gradient along the direction of the disk elongation. With the assumption of the ring structure with Keplerian rotation, we estimated the lower limit of the central mass to be 7 M⊙ and the radius to be 12 au < r < 26 au.


SVĚTLIK, M.: Quality evaluation of rapeseed oils used as engine fuels. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 1, pp. 125–136 Samples from six reference decentralised facilities and one industrial production unit of rapeseed oils were taken for the evaluation of the infl uence of production processes to the properties specifi ed in the technical standard; in the laboratories, the properties limited by the standard for rapeseed oils were determined. In addition, long-term monitoring of changes in the oxidation stability in the storage test of rapeseed oils additived in the quantities of 200, 400 and 600 mg.kg−1 of the Baynox antioxidant was started. The results confi rmed that the critical points in the rapeseed oil production process consist in the contamination with ash-forming elements, such as phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and overall impurities. Not only in the case of hot pressing, but also in two-step cold pressing of rapeseed it is necessary to reduce the content of ash-forming elements using additional processes, such as degumming, neutralisation and whitening. The safety step consisting of fi ltration down to maximum particle size of 1 μm must be always in place before the oil distribution. A positive eff ect of the Baynox antioxidant was clearly proved. As 200 mg.kg−1 of Baynox was added, the oxidation stability value increased from 8 to 9.05 hrs immediately a er the pressing with a consequent decrease to 6 hrs a er 270 days. With using of addition 400 ppm Baynox decreased oxidation stability under 6 hours not until a er 390 days of storage. With addition 600 ppm Baynox the oxidation stability of rapeseed oil even a er 510 days of storage makes 6.5 hours. The quality monitoring brought about necessary fi ndings and knowledge for the optimisation of the rapeseed oil production and distribution as engine fuels. In addition, it serves as an initial supporting document for the creation of the necessary quality control system. rapseed oil, oxidation stability, biofuels, engine fuels In compliance with the principle of using the biomass as effi ciently as possible in the place of its origin and minimise thus negative infl uences of its transport, oil seeds are processed, apart from the industrial oil-extracting plants, also in decentralised facilities. The processing of oil seed in the decentralised facilities includes treatment of an oleipherous plant, such as crushing, peeling and pre-heating, pressing by a screw press and, in addition, purifi cation of the raw oil obtained in this way, mostly by a fi ltration process. The oils obtained in this way and purported for alimentary and industrial purposes must meet the current quality standards limiting their physico-chemical properties and, as the case may be, other associated requirements. In the local and regional view, the standard rapeseed oil represents a prospective fuel for not only modifi ed combustion engines in mobile means of transport but also for similar, powergenerating engines working in a stationary mode and suitably coupled with the decentralised rapeseed processing facilities. A basic prerequisite for the application of such fuels on the market is to set up successfully a necessary quality control system. To survey the rapeseed oil quality, available on the market, oil samples were periodically taken from several oil mills and analyzed (REMMELE, 2007; REMMELE, GASSNER, STOTZ, 2008). Further more, experiments on a small scale pilot oil mill were accomplished to investigate the eff ect of seed variety and quality on rapeseed oil fuel properties.


Summary This article describes a number of modern pottery vessels from the north-eastern Congo mainly from the Zande and Mangbetu ethnic groups, and draws attention to their remarkable resemblances to Early Iron Age pottery from East Africa dating from more than 1500 years earlier. The possibility is raised of a survival of the ceramic tradition over this long period.


Systemic reform often involves partnerships between multiple communities of practice (CoP). In order to understand the strengths and challenges of a partnership, it is necessary to examine the objectives and practices of the constituent communities and the forces that shape these practices. This paper presents an activity theory analysis of relationships between three CoPs in a systemic reform effort, Hawai'i Networked Learning Communities. Essential tensions between the activity systems of the CoPs are analyzed to understand key issues encountered in the implementation, particularly with respect to the role of technology in mediating systemic reform.


To solve the problems of large flux and torque ripples and inconstant switching frequency in direct torque control (DTC) for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) and to eliminate speed sensor since it deteriorates system reliability and increases the cost of system, a novel speed sensorless DTC method based on space vector modulation (SVM) is proposed in this paper. This method is based on the PMSM models in the coordinate of stator flux linkage, flux and torque are controlled through stator voltage components in stator flux linkage coordinate axes and space vector modulation is used to control inverters. The instantaneous stator flux angle and load angle are calculated to estimate the motor speed. Simulation and experiment results verify that this proposed sensorless DTC scheme could effectively decrease flux and torque ripples, make inverters have constant switching frequency and the speed estimation method could accurately track the motor speed and has good dynamic and static performance.


An aerospike nozzle has been expected as a candidate for an engine of a reusable space shuttle to respond to growing demand for rocket-launching and its cost reduction. It has been reported that flows of linear aerospike nozzles have three-dimentional structures. In this study, the flow field structures around the linear aerospike nozzles with and without sidewalls are analyzed and compared. Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is applied to visualization of the flowfields in any cross sections. Since the flow field structure is affected mainly by pressure ratio (Ps/P a), the linear aerospike nozzle is set inside a vacuum chamber to carry out the experiments in the wide range of pressure ratios from 75 to 250. Pressure sensitive paint (PSP) of PtTFPP bound by poly-IBM-co-TFEM is also applied successfully to measurement of the complicated pressure distribution on the nozzle surface.


Design and analysis of battery powered systems depend on effective battery model. Hardware-in-the-loop testing of Battery Management System (BMS) extensively uses battery models. Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles highly rely on the battery models which provides actual characteristics. This paper proposes a performance enhanced battery model which can be included in electric circuit design and analysis. Combined electrical and thermal model replicates the real world performance of battery. Self-discharge is the characteristic of a battery which reduces the stored energy without external connection. Effect of self-discharge on State of Charge (SOC) of battery is considered in the paper. Internal resistance variation with SOC of a battery included in the model further enhances its exactness. Proposed model is validated for Sony US 18650 Li-ion battery in MATLAB Simulink.


The frictional and wear properties of plasma-sprayed TiO2 coating against GCr15 steel and 20Cr against GCr15 steel are investigated with a ball-on-disc tribometer in the room temperature.During the test,the effects of operating parameters such as sliding speed and load on frictional coefficients and wear rates are obtained.The experimental results indicate that the micro hardness of TiO2 coating keeps 685 Hv;the porosity of TiO2 coating is very low and the wear resistance property of TiO2 coating against GCr15 steel is better than 20Cr against GCr15 steel.


In the past several years there has been increasing interest in high-density data storage and large flat panel display. The manufacturing equipments are required to have high precision accuracy and high product throughput. The control algorithm should perform fast point-to-point motion and high precision positioning to meet these requirements. Mode switching control approaches are widely used to meet these requirements. This paper proposes a new MSC algorithm with an application to dual stage for long range and high precision positioning. The proposed MSC uses a proximate time-optimal servomechanism for the fast point-to-point motion and a time-delay controller for the high precision positioning around the reference position. Unlike the conventional MSC approaches, the new method does not require an initial value compensation at the instance of mode switching. This is because the TDC controller is capable of calculating smooth control input using a previous PTOS control input and state variables during the mode switching. Experimental results show that the proposed method enables smooth mode switching and improves the settling time and the precision accuracy after settling by over than 33% and 45%, respectively.


Positive pressure infusion of Y2O3:Eu3+ particles 8-12?nm in size was carried out in 75?cm3 samples of 0.6% agarose gels that have internal mass transport properties similar to those of in vivo mammalian brain tissue. The purpose of the study was to investigate the nature of the porous-like structure of the gels at distance scales of the order of ?10?nm. Fluorescence of the particles under UV excitation was used to observe their time-dependent distribution pattern, with the result that the convection-enhanced flow provided by the infusion process caused the particles to permeate the gel's interstitial structure, thus revealing a porosity scale size commensurate with that of the particle size.


Graphene has been known about in a theoretical sense for the better part of a century, but it was first physically produced in 2004 by Novoselov and Gaim using graphite flakes and adhesive tape. Since then, graphene has been a heavily researched form of carbon. In its purest form, it is a twodimensional hexagonal lattice [1]. Since its discovery, graphene has been very difficult to produce, so its applications to society have been mainly theoretical in nature. The standard method is known as exfoliation, which produces very high quality graphene, but in very small amounts. Now with the development of graphene production through chemical vapor deposition, graphene can be produced efficiently enough to begin using it in a much more widespread manner. An efficient production technique has been strongly sought after for some time due to graphene's incredible properties, one of which is that graphene is the thinnest known conductor, and is ten times stronger and more versatile than the current thinnest-used conductor, ITO (indium tin oxide) [2]. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a process that was created by Union Carbide in the 1950s and has since constantly evolved and gotten better [3]. It is used in some form in practically everything produced industrially today. Production of graphene is one of the most recent applications of chemical vapor deposition. It is done in four steps, heating, annealing of the metal substrate, deposition of graphene, and cooling [1]. The ideal substrate for this process is copper foil and the gases used are a combination of hydrogen and argon [2]. Large-scale production of graphene will lead to many advances in technology because it is such a versatile structure. It will be an upgrade to many devices currently made, making devices lighter and stronger. This is really important and can lead to things like flexible touchscreens and phones. Flexible technology will be invaluable in applications with the military and even revolutionize life in the private sector. I believe that graphene is the key to many technological breakthroughs in the coming years, so the more readily available it is, the quicker innovations will be able to come to market at reasonable prices. Engineers need to work on this because development of all these devices requires testing and modifications to create optimal devices. This is a new process, so there is still room for improvement. Without engineers working to find the best methods of production, we could be missing out on increased output of graphene, in turn causing costs will be higher than they could. Companies having to spend more money on production takes away from research and development funding, which could stagnate research in other innovative technologies.


A procedure for the design of linear regulators optimal with respect to a time-multiplied performance index was suggested in a recent paper by Man and Smith. A counterexample, presented subsequently [2], indicated that the procedure was in error. It is shown that the optimal feedback control law must contain time-varying gains as opposed to the time-invariant gains as suggested by Man and Smith. This fact was also overlooked in [2].


This paper concerns modeling of soft granular materials in which the grains are highly deformable. In order to simulate these materials, an approach based on an implicit formulation of the Material Point Method in the context of the finite strain theory, allowing for large deformations of grains, coupled with the Contact Dynamics method for the treatment of unilateral frictional contacts between grains, is proposed. In this context, the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive relationship is applied with two different set of elastic parameters. Considering these two material behaviors, a uniaxial compression of 2D soft granular packings is analyzed. The stress-strain relation and the evolution of the packing fraction as well as of the connectivity of the grains are discussed.


Abstract : Interest is growing in the use of FPGA devices for high-performance, efficient parallel computation. The large amount of programmable logic, internal routing, and memory can be used to perform a wide variety of high-performance computation more efficiently than traditional microprocessor-based computing architectures. The productivity of FPGA design, however, is very low. FPGA design is very time consuming and requires low-level hardware design skills. This study investigated this FPGA design productivity problem and identified potential solutions that will provide revolutionary improvements in design productivity. Three research areas that must be addressed to achieve such improvements are significant improvement in reuse of FPGA circuits, identification and deployment of higher level design abstractions, and increasing the number of turns per day to significantly increase the number of design iterations. The results of this study suggest that with adequate advancement in each of these areas, FPGA design productivity can be increased by 25X over current practice.


To determine the sources and targets of auditory pathways that bypass the inferior colliculus in the mustache bat, we injected WGA‐HRP in the medial geniculate body and related auditory nuclei of the thalamus as well as in the lower brainstem. We used electrophysiological methods to verify that the injection electrode was in an area responsive to sound. The only thalamic injections that produced retrograde transport to cells in auditory nuclei caudal to the inferior colliculus were those that included the suprageniculate nucleus. These injections labeled a group of large multipolar cells lying between the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the superior olivary complex. Neurons in this cell group have also been shown to project to the deep layers of the superior colliculus in the mustache bat. The pathway revealed by these studies is almost identical to the "central acoustic tract" in which fibers course medial to the lateral lemniscus and bypass the inferior colliculus to reach the deep superior colliculus and the suprageniculate nucleus.


Human motion prediction is seldom deployed to real-world tasks due to difficulty in collecting a huge amount of motion data. We propose two motion data augmentation approaches using Variational AutoEn-coder (VAE) and Inverse Kinematics (IK). Our VAE-based generative model with adversarial training and sampling near samples generates various motions even with insufficient original motion data. Our IK-based augmentation scheme allows us to semi-automatically generate a variety of motions. Furthermore, we correct unrealistic artifacts in the augmented motions. As a result, our method outperforms previous noise-based motion augmentation methods.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of Argatroban for acute cerebral infarction.Methods Totally 120 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided into 2 gropes.Therapy group (60 cases)were treated with Argatroban combined with Edaravone for 7 days.Cotrol group (60 cases) were treated with Edaravone.The effect were evaluated by index of NIHSS before therapy and 10 days after treatment.Results There were significant differences between the two groups on index of NIHSS at before and 10 days after treatment (P0.05).Conclusion Argatroban is effective on controlling on acute cerebral infarction..


THE STORY OF MODERN YIDDISH CULTURE reads like one of its own fictions. As in a nineteenth-century dime novel, the plot begins in an East European shtetl, moves on to Berlin and the Bowery, with a climactic recognition scene in Stockholm and a denouement in, of all places, Oxford. As in Sholem Aleichem, it is a story of shattered hopes and ironic victories. As in Peretz, the leading characters are motivated by a search for transcendence, but their designs are frustrated by a profound generational crisis, as in any number of family sagas, or by vast demonic forces unleashed upon them when they are most vulner able, as in I. B. Singer. Finally, with due credit to Abramovitsh, the frame tale provides an analogical key to the main narrative. The tale describes a contest for cultural renewal. On one side is Hasidism, the last "major trend" in Jewish mysticism, laying exclusive claim to legitimacy, and opposing it from the West is the Enlighten ment. The Westernizers fail at direct confrontation but achieve ulti


A new approach based on sequential minimal optimization (SMO) Algorithm for the electric power system load forecasting was presented. The proposed algorithm introduced the conception of limited memory, selected proper kernel parameters and improved SMO algorithm. SMO algorithm decomposes the QP problem in SVM into a series of sub block data to ensure the convergence. The Improved SMO algorithm can keep the length of the block data has remained unchanged and it provides the excellent forecasting accuracy proved by the result of the experiment.


The present invention, analytes are gaseous or dissolved, in particular to a photochemical sensor elements 9 for oxygen measurement. Sensor element 9 comprises a phosphor 25 that is immobilized in a polymer matrix 23, wherein the polymer matrix 23 is formed of a polymer having a non-aromatic backbone. The present invention also relates to the use of the sensor element 9 in the measurement apparatus. .BACKGROUND


The paper illustrates some results on a comparative evaluation of the load bearing capacity of three different types of masonry arches subjected to their own weight and the weight of an overlying vertical wall masonry. The arch types considered are those most commonly found in historical masonry buildings and bridges: circular, pointed and elliptical. The analyses have been conducted using two different complementary methods: the first a simple extension of the Durand-Claye stability area method; the second based on application of a non-linear elastic one-dimensional model, already used by the authors in prior studies. In all cases, it is assumed that the arch's constituent materials has limited compressive strength and is unable to transmit tensions. In addition, the load transferred to the arch by the overlying wall is determined under the assumption that each vertical strip of wall bears directly down on the underlying arch element. Preliminary results reveal the clearly greater bearing capacity of the pointed arch with respect to the other types, thereby confirming a widely held conviction.


Researchers described a new representation, the local geometry, for early visual processing which is motivated by results from biological vision. This representation is richer than is often used in image processing. It extracts more of the local structure available at each pixel in the image by using receptive fields that can be continuously rotated and that go to third order spatial variation. Early visual processing algorithms such as edge detectors and ridge detectors can be written in terms of various local geometries and are computationally tractable. For example, Canny's edge detector has been implemented in terms of a local geometry of order two, and a ridge detector in terms of a local geometry of order three. The edge detector in local geometry was applied to synthetic and real images and it was shown using simple interpolation schemes that sufficient information is available to locate edges with sub-pixel accuracy (to a resolution increase of at least a factor of five). This is reasonable even for noisy images because the local geometry fits a smooth surface - the Taylor series - to the discrete image data. Only local processing was used in the implementation so it can readily be implemented on parallel mesh machines such as the MPP. Researchers expect that other early visual algorithms, such as region growing, inflection point detection, and segmentation can also be implemented in terms of the local geometry and will provide sufficiently rich and robust representations for subsequent visual processing.


Mixed enterprises, which are entities jointly owned by the public and private sector, are
spreading all over Europe in local utilities. Well aware that in the vast majority of cases
the preference of local authorities towards such governance structure is determined by
practical reasons rather than by the ambition to implement new regulatory designs (an
alternative to the typical "external" regulation), our purpose is to confer some scientific
value to this phenomenon which has not been sufficiently investigated in the economic
literature. This paper aims at proposing an economic analysis of mixed enterprises,
especially of the specific configuration in which the public partner acts as controller and
the private one (or "industrial" partner) as service provider. We suggest that the public
service concession to mixed enterprises could embody, under certain conditions, a
noteworthy substitute to the traditional public provision and the concession to totally
private enterprises, as it can push regulated operators to outperform and limit the risk of
private opportunism. The starting point of the entire analysis is that ownership allows the
(public) owner to gather more information about the actual management of the firm,
according to property rights theory. Following this stream of research, we conclude that
under certain conditions mixed enterprises could significantly reduce asymmetric
information between regulators and regulated firms by implementing a sort of "internal"
regulation. With more information, in effect, the public authority (as owner/controller of
the regulated firm, but also as member of the regulatory agency) can stimulate the private
operator to be more efficient and can monitor it more effectively with respect to the
fulfilment of contractual obligations (i.e., public service obligations, quality standards,
etc.). Moreover, concerning the latter function, the board of directors of the mixed
enterprise can be the suitable place where public and private representatives
(respectively, welfare and profit maximisers) can meet to solve all disputes arising from
incomplete contracts, without recourse to third parties. Finally, taking into account that a
disproportionate public intervention in the "private" administration (or an ineffective
protection of the general interest) would imply too many drawbacks, we draw some
policy implications that make an equitable debate on the board of the firm feasible. Some
empirical evidence is taken from the Italian water sector.


The liquid–liquid extraction of rare earth metal ions (scandium (Sc3+), yttrium (Y3+) and the lanthanides (La3+, Nd3+, Eu3+ and Dy3+)) was investigated using N-[N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)aminocarbonylmethyl]glycine (D2EHAG). Scandium was extracted selectively from lanthanides under highly acidic conditions (0 < pH ≤ 1.5), and stripped easily using a mild acidic solution such as 1 mol dm−3 H2SO4. By comparing the extraction behavior with N,N-dioctyldiglycol amic acid, which has a similar molecular structure to D2EHAG, or the commercial alkyl monocarboxylic acid extractant, Versatic 10, it was concluded that the affinity of D2EHAG to scandium was caused by a chelating effect and the size recognition ability of D2EHAG. The extraction mechanism was examined, and it was proven that the trivalent scandium ion is extracted by forming a stable metal complex with four D2EHAG molecules.


A series of enroute ATC simulation experiments was conducted to estimate the airspace capacity of existing sectors in Japan and to evaluate a new route structure for accommodating the traffic increase in the future. A simulation method for capacity estimation and the results of the experiments focusing on the controller's workload limit are presented. From the results of regression analysis, the relationship between the airspace capacity and the controller's intervention in the traffic flow is discussed. About 40% increase of capacity is attained with an introduction of parallel routes and traffic flow management. >


Hope contributes to positive development in adolescents, and religious and spiritual contexts may be particularly important for developing and supporting hope. However, extant literature on hope, religion, and spirituality neglects their synergistic relation, leaving questions about how they work together to support development. In this study, we explore how religiousness and spirituality (R/S) inform hope by identifying unique synergies that might be particularly useful in difficult contexts. Multilevel qualitative content analyses of interviews conducted with 18 thriving Salvadoran adolescents (50% female, Mage = 16.39 years, SD = 1.83) involved in a faith-based program provided evidence that the ideological and relational resources associated with R/S informed these adolescents' agentic and receptive hopes. Agentic hopes, identified through expressed hopeful future expectations, revealed that adolescents held beyond-the-self hopes focused on benefiting three distinct targets: God, community, and family. Youth also described "sanctified hopes", which were hopes focused on fulfilling God's purposes directly and indirectly. Analyses of receptive hopes, which consider how hope is shaped and empowered by context, revealed that for these youth, hope was experienced in seven key contexts: self, caring adult relationships, family, God, youth development sponsor, social activities, and peers. Implications for fostering hope in R/S contexts within low-to-middle-income countries are discussed.


Haloperidol is an anti-psychotic drug and Benzhexol (Trihexyphenidyl) is an anticholinergic drug. A newstability indicating UPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of Haloperidol and Benzhexol and the method was validated. Waters UPLC with Empower software, with Acquity UPLC SB C18 x 1.7m. column and PDA detector was used for the simultaneous determination of Haloperidol and Benzhexol. A mixture of phosphate buffer and Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 56:44 v/v was used as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min (UV detection at 245 nm) (Injection volume 1ml). Haloperidol and Benzhexol have shown linearregression equations, y=13361x+476.2(R² = 0.9998) and y =10609 x + 899.5 (R² = 0.9998). The LOD and LOQ are found to be 0.03 µg/mL and 0.10 µg/mL for Haloperidol and 0.03µg/mL and 0.09 µg/mL for Benzhexolrespectively. The present liquid chromatographic method is precise, accurate and can be used for the simultaneous estimation of Haloperidol and Benzhexol tablets.


Current identification techniques are based on the reproduction of memory in two ways; (1) By letting an eyewitness actively describe and select features (recall) to create a face composite or (2) by letting an eyewitness recognize someone in a lineup (recognition). As a result of holistic processing, recall of features is poor. This research tries to construct a composite by matching the preferred retrieval method to the holistic information. We test the usability of the reverse correlation image classification technique for composite purposes. In the first part of this study participants constructed face composites of either a Caucasian or a Moroccan target perpetrator. Resemblance judgments of independent participants showed that the constructed face composites resembled their targets well. Furthermore, in a line-up the majority of the participants selected the correct perpetrator. Recommendations for future research are suggested.


It is the realistic demand to speed up the industrial structure optimization as a response to the worldwide economic and social development. Yingkou City is the fastest growing region in recent years, and great potential for future development in Liaoning Province. Through analysis of the opportunities, threats, strengths and the weaknesses in the industry development in Yingkou, we should utilize advantages, seize the opportunity to change the mode of economic development, advance industry optimization and upgrading, enhance industry competitive power, and achieve the scientific development goals. Yingkou is one of 14 cities which Liaoning Province governs, with a population of 2.4 million, and the area of 5365 square kilometers. It is located in economic circle of Northeast Asia and Bo Ocean, which is the nearest estuary in Shenyang economic zone. 96-kilometer coastlines and the geographic conditions are the important geographic advantage and support for Yingkou economic development. Because the harbor has greatly strengthened front and backward connection effect for the industrial development and it plays an important role in the domestic and international industrial transfer. Rapid development has brought an great increase of economic output in Yingkou in recent years, but many malpractices has also started to appear with high growth of the industry, such as highlighting structural contradictions, increasing pressure on resources and environment, the great shortage in talents. Those problems not only affect the scientific and harmonious development of the whole economic society, but also weaken the development tendency and hinder the comprehensive competitive power. How to seize the strategic adjustment of the economic structure, speed up the cultivation of pillar industry, promote the industrial optimization and construct modern industrial systems is an important topic for scientific development in Yingkou during the 12th Five-Year period. Starting from SWOT analysis, this paper revealed the advantages and disadvantages of industrial development under the current situation, analyzed the opportunities and challenges which is faced with development in Yingkou, and proposed suggestions for the strategic development for Yingkou. II. PRESENT SITUATION OF YINGKOU INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT Yingkou is a city mainly depending on the light industry during planned economy period. After the reform and open policy, the traditional industry gradually declined, and economic output ranked 12th in the whole province in 1997. With implementation of the strategy of revitalizing northeast old industrial base, the economy development has sped up in Yingkou, and heavy chemical industrial systems have preliminary developed. Total output value grew with the rate of yearly average 20% in Yingkou during 11th Five-Year period, and it exceeded 1,000 billion yuan in 2010, ranking the 4th in the whole province. The modern agriculture level has gradually sped up. Although the average arable land per capita is lower than that of the entire province, but it is the national and provincial demonstration area for rice planting, the highest and the average unit output listed 1st in entire province, and the total grain output exceeded 700,000 tons in five years. "The Yingkou rice" is the famous trademark in China; "Gaizhou Apple" successfully registered with national geographic symbol trademark. The order agriculture area achieved 1,100,000 Chinese acres, and there are 10 agricultural industrial chains in Yingkou.


The analytic formulary relationships between current and voltage in inward emitting coaxial diode are presented in this paper as well as the PIC numerical simulation and experimental verification. Due to the 2 D effects, the analytic formulary can't exactly describe the characteristic of the current voltage relationships in the diode. Hence, a numerical simulation code KARAT is employed to study the 2 D effects modification of this relation in different diode voltage level, and the modification coefficient vs. different parameters are given. The intuitionistic pictures of the electron motion in the diode are also obtained. Meanwhile, the self pinched current of inward emitting coaxial diode is deduced. The experiment of coaxial diode was carried out on the SINUS 881 accelerator, and the experimental data are in good agreement with the modified analytic formulary predication. These results can be used in the designation of coaxial diode related pulsed power device.


In May 1999, I wrote a short text on the war in Kosovo. The article was entitled "Only Bombs Are Intelligent?" and it was first published on-line in Leonardo Electronic Almanac (LEA) and then printed in Leonardo [1]. In my article, I indicated concern for the war that was taking place in the center of Europe, 300 kilometers from Italy. Naturally we are always less worried about wars that take place far away from us; it is very human. At the end of March 2000, I had organized my annual meeting on "Mathematics and Culture" in Venice. One of the invited speakers, film director Peter Greenaway from Great Britain, was delayed for many hours at the airport in Amsterdam because the Venice airport had been closed due to the passage of the military planes taking off on their bombing missions. Finally Greenaway did manage to arrive in the middle of the night, and he gave his fascinating presentation on mathematics and cinema at 11 P.M. [2]. In the article in LEA and Leonardo, I asked a few questions:


The utility model relates to a boiler tertiary air technical field specifically is a hierarchical burner of tertiary air, and it can reduce the influence to main combustion area, increases to fire cinder wind proportion, effectively reduces NOx and discharges, and it includes tertiary air pipeline, a serial communication port, force 3 wind pipeline connects deep or light separator entry end, dense side tertiary air pipeline and light side tertiary air pipeline are connected to deep or light separator exit end, the dense main combustion area of side tertiary air pipeline intercommunication, light side tertiary air pipeline intercommunication fires the cinder district.


The parasitic plant Geocaulon lividum of the Santalaceae has thickenings on the walls of parenchyma cells in the cortex and other tissues of the rhizome and short-shoot. These wall thickenings have not been previously reported in the anatomical literature. Microchemical investigations involving staining and solubility characteristics indicate that these wall thickenings are holocellulosic in nature but not composed of alpha-cellulose.


As making concession is the essential action for reducing the gap between the involved negotiators, the purpose of this study explored the concession triggering factors and their relative influence from both dyadic and interaction-based perspectives based on complete e-negotiation transcripts including the exchanged messages and offers. We found the negotiator's own last offer is the most powerful concession triggering factor and the counterpart's concession is the next one. Further, the integrative information exchange has positive impact, while the distributive information exchange has negative impact. Another significant impact factor is the procedural communication. However, the impact of negotiation time progress was not significant.


Having surveyed the research on the teaching assessment mechanism of the ideological and political theory courses,this paper holds that the course teachers,the main part of the research,have explored the mechanism and the relevant questions,but the research is insufficient.They need to broaden their research field,to deepen research content,and to improve their research methods.


lesions. The effect of aphasia on inelligence and its relationship to mental disorders is discussed in two psychologically oriented papers. Thus, this volume illuminates its subject from a variety of viewpoints. Although all the shadows are not dispersed, it does present an opportunity for the student of aphasia to acquaint himself with modern and traditional approaches to this vexing problem. This work is the proceedings of a conference held at the University of Rochester in 1962. It consists of 23 papers and, as is so often the case, they are not of equal quality. A couple, in fact, occupy only two or three pages, and their substance does not warrant inclusion. On the other hand, the majority of the papers constitute real contributions to descriptions of the use of computers in biomedical research. Five of the papers treat of patient care, while another five are concerned with research in neuro-physiology. The remaining papers are spread throughout the field although there are two in psychology and two in information retrieval. Despite the fact that the book appears two years after the conference, it is still largely up-to-date for anyone who is contemplating initiating the use of computer techniques in his research. This is a work which any beginner in biomedical computation should look through, for it will probably suggest to him techniques and procedures to be explored. Dr. Moulder feels strongly that the time has come to end the argument and confusion as to whether or not the psittacosis group of agents are viruses. To do so he has assembled three of his lectures given at Rutgers in 1963 into a small, concise book dealing with the general and metabolic properties of the psittacosis group and their relationship to other life forms. The book serves as an excellent review of the properties of the group; it is clearly written and quite handsomely printed. The conclusions he reaches, apparent from the title of the volume, are not quite so easy to digest. Dr. Moulder points out so many features of the psittacosis group that are different from those of true bacteria that it is difficult to see why his contention that they are small bacteria is any less irrational than calling them large viruses. He also tends to simply ignore data that do not support his view. He does not discuss, for example, the reports of an eclipse phase during growth of …


Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) has a critical role in the control of energy homeostasis by catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol stored in adipose tissue. Catecholamine stimulation of adipocytes activates HSL through cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a single serine residue (ser-552) (1,2). The antilipolytic action of insulin is mediated via the hydrolysis of cAMP by cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase, thereby reducing the net phosphorylation of HSL on the regulatory site serine (3). Phosphorylation of the adjacent basal phosphorylation site (ser-554) has no effect upon activity. However, it hinders the in vitro phosphorylation of the regulatory site (4). The human HSL gene is composed of nine exons which encode a 775-amino acid polypeptide(2). The catalytic site serine and the phosphorylation sites are encoded by exons 6 and 8, respectively. In human adipocytes, we have found a novel HSL mRNA form. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and DNA sequencing demonstrated that the transcript arises as a consequence of alternative pre-mRNA splicing, leading to an inframe skip-ping of exon (fig. 1).


As a new type of teaching mode,cooperative learning can provide students with a relaxed language environment to communicate with others fully,thus bring about a great advance in their oral communicating competence.Especially in the oral English teaching in a big class,group cooperative learning can promote students' active participation and mutual activities and help among them,thus improve the quality of oral English teaching in a big class.


The effect of incorporating oxygen and nitrogen into the feed gases on the texture and surface morphology of diamond ®lm synthesized by hot ®lament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) is investigated. The reactant gas composition is determined by the gas ̄ow rates. At a constant ̄ow rate of hydrogen (33 sccm) and methane (0.68 sccm), the oxygen and nitrogen were varied in the O/(O 1 C) ratio from 0.05 to 0.43 and in the N/(N 1 C) ratio from 0.15 to 0.60. The ®lms were grown under a constant pressure (20 Torr) and a constant substrate temperature (8008C). Clearly nitrogen in the reactant gases has a distinct tendency to promote the k100l texture and the corresponding {100} morphology, whereas oxygen promotes the development of k111l texture and {111} morphology. According to the Wulff theorem (G ˆ d100=d111 ˆ g100=g111) and the evolutionary selection of crystallites and the surface con®gurations of diamond, the results reveal that during growth nitrogen plays a critical role in activating the CD±H surface site and consequently increases the surface free energy g 111, of the {111} surface. In contrast, oxygen activates the CDvH2 surface site and increases the surface free energy g 100, of the{100} surface. These results indicate that the texture and the surface morphology of polycrystalline diamond ®lm can be completely controlled by the reactant gas composition. q 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.


A suggested checklist of environmental factors to be considered by pipeline companies includes (1) the impact of route selection (erosion problems, revegetation), (2) access roads (justification, effects, removal when no longer needed), (3) maintenance of aesthetic values, (4) impact on aquatic environments, (5) protection of terrestrial wildlife, especially from effects during construction, (6) concern for historic and archeological values, (7) contingency planning for oil spills, (8) concern for environmental damage due to brute-force engineering and heavy equipment in susceptible areas, and (9) restoration of the right-of-way with attention to its potential uses. An environmental coordinator on the pipeline construction team can facilitate day-to-day attention to environmental problems, provide training and expert advice for employees and develop communication with conservation groups.


As a management information system(MIS) always involves complicated data relationship and fussy data transaction process,it is difficult to update and alter the design based on conventional methods.This paper provided a MIS prototype based on the component technology,which will conveniently realize the operations,such as rescaling,extending and upgrading for an MIS.


Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of nanoparticle deposition and nondeposition on the explosive boiling heat transfer. Both particle state (deposition and nondeposition) and metal surface structure (smooth and rough) were considered to study the boiling behavior. Particularly for the rough surface, a special deposition case was simulated that the deposition nanoparticle was not filled with the pit. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles enhanced the boiling behavior. The histories of argon temperature, net evaporation number, as well as heat flux demonstrated that deposition nanofluid boiling heat transfer enhancement behavior was the highest.


In this paper we intend to apply a new method to predict tertiary structure. A novel hybrid feature adopted is composed of physicochemical composition (PCC), recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and pseudo amino acid composition (PseAA). We use the Error Correcting Output Coding (ECOC) based on three flexible neural tree models as the classifiers. 640 dataset is selected to our experiment. The predict accuracy with our method on this data set is 60.23%, higher than some other methods on the 640 datasets. So, our method is feasible and effective in some extent.


ABSTRACT Objective To prepare a high fat diet rich in satured fatty acids and supplemented with omega 3 for experimental studies in rodents. Methods Purified industrial ingredients and flaxseed oil as a source of omega 3 at a concentration of 3.5% (v/w) were used in the elaboration of the diets. Centesimal and nutritional compositions, fatty acids profile and dietary intake were evaluated. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and glucose in pregnant rats were verified. The offspring were assessed with regard to body mass and waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anova One-Way test and Bonferroni post-test. Results High fat and high fat with omega 3 diets presented, respectively, 37% and 36% saturated fat, and the lipid amount was 80% higher than the American Institute of Nutrition 93G control diet. The omega 3 content was 50% higher in the high fat with omega 3 diet. There was no difference in consumption of diet types in weight (grams). The dams that received the High fat diet developed hypercholesterolemia and their High fat offspring exhibited higher body mass on the 1st day of life and increased abdominal circumference on the 30th day of life compared to the control and the high fat with omega 3 offspring. Conclusion The formulated diets with a higher amount of saturated fatty acids meet the nutritional requirements of the gestation and lactation period. The high fat diet with omega 3 was able to attenuate the changes observed in dams and their offspring.


Promising catalytic activity of MoSe2 in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is synthesized on a new reduced graphene oxide/polyimide (rGO/PI) substrate by a simple electrochemical method. The MoSe2 nanoparticles have excellent photo‐responsive properties; the potential difference could reach 0.45 V with the photo‐responsive time just 0.6 s. Furthermore, MoSe2 thin film exhibits superior catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It has a greater cathode current at more positive potential compared to other MoSe2 and MoS2, and the efficiency of H2 evolution is strongly influenced by illumination; this suggests that MoSe2 composite film has good photoelectrocatalysis properties for hydrogen evolution. Besides, both dark and illumination MoSe2 films exhibit extremely high stability in acidic solution as the HER catalytic activity shows no degradation after 100 cycles for two hours. All results indicate that MoSe2–rGO/PI composite film has potential to be a better catalyst for HER.


The primary factor influencing semiconductor laser performance is photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this study, a heat sink structure in the form of a laminated DC-mount package was created using Solidworks 2018 in accordance with the semiconductor laser C-mount packaging structure specifications. The Workbench 17.0 program theoretically derived the link between the device's junction temperature and power, and then optimized the size of its heat sink. The primary characteristics of semiconductor laser devices with various C-type and DC-type heat sink architectures were then packaged and compared. Results demonstrate that thermal resistance decreased by 31%, the power of the semiconductor laser device with a DC packaging structure increased by 0.5 W, and photoelectric conversion efficiency increased to over 60%, thereby lowering the temperature at the device junction and thermal resistance. at least to a certain point. the effect of the parasitic parameters of the package is effectively improved. Finally, the 3000 h life test confirmed this package construction's stability.


The requirement of electroweak naturalness in simple supersymmetric models implies the existence of a cluster of four light Higgsinos with a mass $\ensuremath{\sim}100--300\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, the lighter the better. While such light compressed spectra may be challenging to observe at the LHC, the International Linear ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ Collider (ILC) with $\sqrt{s}g2{m}_{\text{Higgsino}}$ would serve as both a SUSY discovery machine and a precision microscope. We study Higgsino pair production signatures at the ILC based on a full, geant4-based simulation of the ILD detector concept. We examine several benchmark scenarios that may be challenging for discovery at the HL-LHC due to mass differences between the Higgsino states between 20 and 4 GeV. Assuming $\sqrt{s}=500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and $1000\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity, the individual Higgsino masses can be measured to 1%--2% precision in the case of the larger mass differences, and at the level of 5% for the smallest mass difference case. The Higgsino mass splittings are sensitive to the electroweak gaugino masses and allow extraction of gaugino masses to $\ensuremath{\sim}3%--20%$ (depending on the model). Extrapolation of gaugino masses via renormalization group running can test the hypothesis of gaugino mass unification. We also examine a case with natural generalized mirage mediation, where the unification of gaugino masses at an intermediate scale apparently gives rise to a natural SUSY spectrum somewhat beyond the reach of HL-LHC.


High Andean wetlands are habitats critical to life forms that have adapted to these extreme high mountain ecosystems, and for living beings that inhabit the lower parts of the basin; they are spaces that contain high diversity of flora and fauna characteristic of these places and are strongly associated with the water component. There lies the importance of identifying and monitoring ecosystems, using easy applicable methods and allowing results every two weeks approximately, they are inexpensive and highly reliable. Methods of monitoring in short periods, they are economically profitable and provide reliable information, they correspond to the evaluations by satellite images, specifically applying the methods of spectral indices. Thereby, the objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of six indices, considered to be the most used to identify high Andean wetlands (humidity index at surface level, normalized difference water index, normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, index of vegetation to the surface and tasseled CAP vegetation), in periods of low precipitation, using imagery Landsat 8 OLI. Comparing the performance of those indexes in the identification of wetlands through cross-validation and bootstrap statistical learning, the index that showed better performance was tasseled CAP vegetation, revealing the lowest value of the average of the mean square error of iterations between the test failure rate and training. The index tasseled CAP vegetation, shows greater reliability to identify and evaluate high Andean wetlands.


One approach to examine validity is to analyze if the discourse produced represents the test construct.This article,through the analysis of the discourse features of the articles written for the reading-to-writing tasks,aims at the inter-relationship between test construct,rubrics and participants' language proficiency level to draw out the evidence of validity.The results show that most test takers fail to explicitly attribute information taken out from the input text,and that those with high scores tend to copy or minimally modify the input text.Such findings seem to indicate that those who score high may not necessarily possess such a kind of ability specified in the test outlines.In addition,when summarizing the input text,participants with good performance are more likely to use synonyms,paraphrases and the change of sentence structures to rewrite the original sentences in the input text,while those with poor performance simply combine several parts extracted from a few sentences without knowing what these sentences really mean or use their own words without referring to the input text.Finally,the proficiency level of the test takers influences the extent to which the input information is used.


We analytically calculate the scaling exponents of a two-dimensional KPZ-like system: coherently moving incompressible polar active fluids. Using three different renormalization group approximation schemes, we obtain values for the ``roughness"exponent $\chi$ and anisotropy exponent $\zeta$ that are extremely near the known exact results. This implies our prediction for the previously completely unknown dynamic exponent $z$ is quantitatively accurate.


Understanding what motivates pUblic perception and actions is important in assessing public response and forecasting the success of resource management plans. Failure of the policy makers to foresee public reaction can result in expensive delays, bad press and lengthy court battles which at best, increases the cost of implementation and at worst stops resource management projects altogether. An endangered species management program was stopped at the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge in Southern California when an animal right's organization protested the euthanizing of non-native red foxes which were decimating endangered populations of California Least terns and Clapper rails in the coastal wetland. The animals right's organization valued the red fox and perceived the management practice as unacceptable. This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of the general public in regards to the species involved and management plan. Through a survey of a three specific sample populations, it was found that over half of the respondents valued the endangered birds and believed that they should be protected even if it meant euthanizing the red foxes. The public would have preferred' other methods to remove the foxes and protect the birds but were not willing to pay for alternative, more costly management practices. Final'ly, the pUblic had a clear preference for a "natural" management plan in which native coyotes were re-introduced to the coastal wetland to establish a better balanced habitat.


In an economy where markets, consumers, and technology are ever-changing and increasingly interdependent, economic catalysts businesses that bring together a number of groups who need each other and make it easy for them to work together are essential. Think of the credit card industry. This trillion dollar industry brings merchants and consumers together. Google creates value for its customers, and makes billions for itself, by bringing searchers and advertisers together. Companies that do this right and transform their pricing practices, incentive plans, and organizational structures are today's power brokers. Of course, catalysts have been around as long as marketplaces. But now, more than ever, they drive the economy. Doing business in this world isn t for the faint of heart but Catalyst Code maps it out, showing where the opportunities and pitfalls lie.


Abstract : The paper deals with procedural events, providing a basis for synchronization and scheduling, particularly applied on real-time program systems of multiple parallel activities (multi-task). There is a great need for convenient scheduling mechanisms for minicomputer systems as used in process control, but so far mechanisms somewhat similar to those proposed here found only in PL/1 among the generally known high-level languages. PL/1, however, is not very common on computers of this size. Also, the mechanisms in PL/1 seem more restricted, as compared to those proposed here. A new type of boolean program variable, the EVENTMARK, is proposed. Eventmarks represent events of any kind that may occur within a computational process and are believed to give very efficient and convenient activation and scheduling of program modules in a real- time system. An eventmark is declared similar to a procedure, and the proposed feature could easily be amended as an extension to existing languages, as well as incorporated in future language designs.


We sought to evaluate the performance of Fitbit in estimating ActiGraph‐derived moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time in the knee osteoarthritis (OA) population.


mild bronchitis. pyrexia, of meningeal pyrexial for days in showed that acuity was 6/5 in each was rectus muscle paralysis. every and a but constant imyprovement was 1951, no abnormality binocular


BackgroundMice lacking the &mgr;-opioid receptor gene have been used to characterize the role of &mgr;-opioid receptors in nociception and the analgesic actions of opioid agonists. In this study, the authors determined the role of &mgr;-opioid receptors in neuropathic pain behaviors and the effectiveness of &mgr;- and &kgr;-opioid receptor agonists on this behavior in mice. MethodsThe authors studied the behavioral responses of &mgr;-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice to thermal and mechanical stimuli before and after neuropathic pain induced by unilateral ligation and section of the L5 spinal nerve. Response to mechanical stimuli was evaluated by determining the frequency of hind paw withdrawal to repetitive stimulation using a series of von Frey monofilaments. Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed by determining the paw withdrawal latencies to radiant heat and frequency of hind paw withdrawal to cooling stimuli. The effects of systemic morphine, the &kgr;-opioid agonist U50488H, and naloxone on responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli were also studied in spinal nerve–injured mice. ResultsAfter spinal nerve injury, wild-type mice developed increased responsiveness to mechanical, heat, and cooling stimuli ipsilateral to nerve injury. &mgr;-Opioid receptor knockout mice not only had more prominent mechanical allodynia in the nerve-injured paw, but also expressed contralateral allodynia to mechanical stimuli. Hyperalgesia to thermal stimuli was similar between &mgr;-opioid knockout and wild-type animals. Morphine decreased mechanical allodynia dose dependently (3–30 mg/kg subcutaneous) in wild-type mice—an effect that was attenuated in the heterozygous mice and absent in the homozygous &mgr;-opioid knockout mice. The &kgr;-opioid agonist U50488H (3–10 mg/kg subcutaneous) attenuated mechanical allodynia in wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous &mgr;-opioid mice. Naloxone in wild-type mice resulted in enhanced ipsilateral and contralateral allodynia to mechanical stimuli that resembled the pain behavior observed in &mgr;-opioid receptor knockout mice. ConclusionsThe authors' observations indicate that (1) unilateral nerve injury induces a bilateral tonic activation of endogenous &mgr;-opioid receptor–mediated inhibition that attenuates mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia, (2) both &mgr;- and &kgr;-opioid agonists attenuate neuropathic pain in mice, and (3) the antihyperalgesic actions of morphine are mediated primarily via &mgr;-opioid receptors.


Changes of soil fertility under different stands was studied by investigating pH value; organic matter; whole amount of N, P, K; available N, P, K and CEC (cation exchange capacity) in 0—30cm depth of soil. Three main types of soils in guangxi was selected which includes mountain yellow soil, brown calcareous soil and lateritic red soil The results showed that stand type affected soil fertility status. For mountain yellow soil, soil organic matter content under Pine forest and adult birch were 2.55 and 3.16 times to natural forest, while the soil available nutrients of newly planted birch was significantly higher than natural forests. For brown calcareous soil, the organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus,


This paper deals with an extended RED –PiE model (Dix, 1991), named RECgD –PiE model which incorporates the cognitive aspects in the domain of education. Special interest of this work is so called cognitive conflict which is familiar in the domain of education. It is proposed to form the set of If - Then rules in order to describe model behavior including its cognitive component. The preliminary experiment is conducted and it is concluded that inclusion of the set of If Then rules is possible into the software application based on RECgD –PiE model.


A Church member who attended a 2014 FI Continuing Education sessions in Allen, Texas, recounts her experience of being an FI student for a week.


In the modern digital age, there is a deluge of data The data and associated information affects nearly every aspect of human life. Ensuring availability and durability of data is critical Availability of data is addressed by various file system technologies that invariably provide a distributed and redundant storage infrastructure. Durability of data is a different dimension and is ensured by providing backups of critical data While there are many backup solutions for personal data, ranging from using devices like pen-drive, external USB drives, tape drives to cloud based solutions like Dropbox and equivalent services, our interests is backup solutions for enterprise data There are two dimensions of variability for backup servers. The protocol that backup clients use to communicate with backup servers and the file systems where data resides that need to be backed up. Our intent is to develop a backup server that abstracts away both of these variations to provide a unified framework into which specific implementations can be plugged in Applying good software engineering principles of abstraction, separation of concerns and loose coupling, we present a design for such a protocol agnostic server that is also scalable. We discuss a specific implementation of this server. Though the design is for specific application of backup servers for different environments, the approach is generic and is useful in many other contexts and applications.


In this article we describe the stable behavior of the augmentation quotients Qn(G) for the groups G of order p5 with even numbers of generators, where p is an odd prime.


The words many, much, few, and little (and their cross-linguistic counterparts) are quite unusual semantically. They have traditionally been characterized as quantifiers (like every) or adjectives (like tall); however, these analyses can only account for instances of these terms in which they encode information about an individual or a set of individuals, as they do when they occur prenominally (in e.g., much traffic). Recent degree-semantic analyses instead characterize the meaning of these words in terms of intervals or sets of degrees; this accounts for their canonical uses and uses in which they don't appear to be ranging over individuals (as in their differential use, e.g., much taller).


Between about 1780 and 1830, an &dquo;industrial revolution&dquo; swept over England. In the process England emerged as the most economically advanced nation in the world, a position which it held for a good part of the 19th century. The question of why England was able to expand its productive capacities well in advance of other countries is of obvious interest to anyone who wants to understand the preconditions and mechanisms of economic development.


This paper presents a method for joint estimation of fiber and fines mass fractions (i.e. pulp consistency) in paper pulp suspension. The technique is based on a combination of optical and ultrasonic measurements. The link between measured quantities and the mass fractions is established through Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLSR). The method is evaluated with experiments on unbleached softwood pulp for a total mass fraction of fibers and fines ranging from 0.6% to 0.54%. The results show that we are able to accurately predict both the fiber and fines mass fractions using the proposed technique. We also show that the performance is increased by combining the two techniques compared to using them by themselves.


Summary Intraventricular injection of 5HT (4 and 20 μg) in unanesthetized, unrestrained male rats fitted with permanent intrajugular cannulas for withdrawal of blood samples caused a dose-related elevation of plasma GH levels. Similar effects were also observed following intraventricular injection of the serotonin receptor agonist, quipazine. The GH-releasing effect of both drugs was abolished by a serotonin receptor blocker, methysergide. It is concluded that activation of the central serotoninergic system stimulates GH secretion in the rat.


The three Valsalva sinuses are hollow structures named after the corresponding aortic valve cusps. Valsalva sinus aneurysms are relatively rare (0.14-0.23%), congenital or acquired, the most common being congenital, most often affecting the right coronary sinus. They also may be secondary to bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, atherosclerosis, aortic dissection, Marfan syndrome or as a result of severe chest trauma. Men's ratio: women is 4:1.


A three-dimensional compound H3V3O9 has been synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by IR,TG and single X ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic system with a space group P1,a=4.9980(10) nm,b=8.4188(17) nm,c=7.8614(16) nm,α=90.00°,β=96.40(3)°,γ=90.00°,Z=328.72(11),D=2.999,F(000)=282,R1=0.023 0,wR2=0.067 8.


Financial distress has been frequently addressed in the sports business and management literature; however, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to implications for financial viability derived from funding beyond what the Union of European Football Association (UEFA) defines as relevant income in football, henceforth referred to as extraordinary funding. This study critically discusses and reflects upon whether extraordinary funding can contribute to financial viability. To address this issue, we draw on approximately 100 financial statements for Norwegian top division clubs and their cooperating companies for three fiscal years. Results indicate that, although extraordinary funding contributes with sorely needed funds, thus from the outset contributing in making clubs more robust, the manner in which extraordinary funding occurs is still of great importance from a viability perspective. In this respect, it is useful to distinguish clearly between ex ante and ex post funding. While ex post funding can be argued to be counter-productive to financial viability (e.g., cloaking inadequate finances, providing incentives for overspending, and rewarding clubs that overspend), ex ante funding is more in line with sound financial management (e.g., funds that are contingent upon a history of sound finances, incorporated in budgets). One important implication of this study is that ex post funding can contribute to crowding out of good practices, as clubs that overspend can be rewarded for their actions by having funds injected ex post.


Objective To evaluate the role of electrophysiological monitoring during microvascular decompression for primary hemifacial spasm.Methods A total of 101patients with primary hemifacial spasm underwent facial nerve microvascular decompression,of whom 56cases(group B)received electrophysiological monitoring and 45cases(group A)did not during surgery.The immediate surgical efficacy and adverse responses on the 1st day after operation were compared.Results In group A,the effectiveness rate was 82.8%(37cases)and the adverse responses on the 1st day after operation included facial paralysis in 9cases(20.0%),dizziness in 6cases(13.3%)and hearing loss in 7cases(15.6%),which in group B were 98.2%(55cases)and in 4cases(7.1%),in 0(0%)and in 2cases(3.6%),respectively.The effectiveness rate was higher and the incidence of dizziness was lower in group B than those in group A(P0.05).Conclusion Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring during microvascular decompression for primary hemifacial spasm is beneficial to improving the immediate surgical efficacy and reducing the occurrence of dizziness after operation.


Abstract : Airbreathing hypersonic cruise vehicles are typically characterized by long, slender bodies with highly coupled engines and airframes. For a case in which the engine is underslung (below the center of gravity), a large elevon control surface is typically necessary to trim the vehicle. The elevon is usually placed at the rear of the vehicle to yield a large moment arm. However, the drawback is that the elevons can cause large perturbations in lift and other undesirable effects. Canard control surfaces are placed on the forebody of the vehicle to counteract these effects as well as aid in low-speed handling. This study looks at how the canards affect the flow over the elevon control surfaces and, in turn, the controllability of the vehicle in general. A two-dimensional analytical formulation is developed and compared with both a series approximation solution and a computational fluid dynamics Euler flow field solution. The effect of the canard on the elevon, measured using the elevon effectiveness ratio, decreased as the distance between the control surfaces increased. In general, higher Mach numbers combined with higher canard detection angles resulted in a greater effect on the elevon. Adding a thickness correction, as opposed to assuming that the airfoils were at plates, actually decreased, on average, the accuracy of the model when compared with the computational data.


ABSTRACT In the currently resurging contestation about religion and nationalism in the public sphere, secularism has become one of the most intensively contested political concepts. Even staunch advocates concede that across Euroamerica, secularism has in many ways failed to deliver on its promise to guarantee state neutrality and free exercise of religion. However, scholarship critically investigating the effects of secularism is often unclear about what discrimination, harm, or violence it seeks to uncover, creating misunderstandings among secularism's advocates and critics alike. This contribution suggests that there are three major analytical angles that should be distinguished: the liberal egalitarian critique, the decolonial critique, and the genealogical critique. To demonstrate the benefits and limitations of each perspective, the contribution draws on the case study of Christian national identity politics in Bavaria targeting Islam. It makes the case for the conscious combination of these three perspectives in the analysis of the 'religion-culture-citizenship' nexus.


This thesis deals with Theme and Rheme of Djaga Depari's Song lyrics. The study was conducted to discover the types of Theme as proposed by Halliday (1994: 53) namely Topical, Interpersonal and Textual. The objective of this study is to describe types of Theme used in Djaga Depari's Song lyrics. The research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative approach. The source of data is all entire content of the selected Karo's songs composed by "Djaga Depari". It was conducted to describe the three types of Theme and the most dominant ones. The findings showed that the proportionsTheme from the three types of Theme, they are: 48.5%, Topical Theme, 29.3% Interpersonal Theme and 22.2% Textual Theme. Topical Theme was the most dominant type in Theme used in Djaga Depari's Song lyrics. Topical Theme is dominantly used when he describes meaning, gives argumentation and tells about the events.


The chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique was used for the synthesis of the tin oxide (SnO2) thin films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to find the crystallite size by using Debye Scherrer's formula. The surface morphology of SnO2 films was analyzed by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies. The FT-IR spectrum exhibits the strong presence of SnO2. The optical properties of the SnO2 thin films were determined using UV-Visible spectrum. The dielectric studies were carried out at different frequencies and at different temperatures for the prepared SnO2 thin films. Further, electronic properties, such as valence electron plasma energy, average energy gap or Penn gap, Fermi energy and electronic polarizability of the SnO2 thin films, were determined. The ac conductivity of the SnO2 thin films increases with increase in temperature and frequency. The activation energy was determined by using dc electrical conductivity measurement. The Hall properties were also calculated.


Faba Bean Gall (FBG) disease has become a serious threat to faba bean production and productivity in major faba bean growing areas of the country causing a yield loss as high as 100%. Since the disease is new and recently reported in the country, information on its epidiomolgy disease intensity as well as its management methods. Therefore, the experiments were carried out to investigate its management using cultivars and fungicides with four spray frequencies. For the assesment of FBG disease management, a total of thirty treatments that included three cultivars (Gora, CS20DK and Local) and fungicides (Bayleton, Chlorothalonil and Ridomil MZ) with four spray frequencies were arranged in a split-split plot design with three replications on farmers' fields at Degem and Mush, North Shoa Zone in 2015 main cropping season. The statistical analysis showed that significant differences among treatments in the FBG incidence, severity and AUDPC value at both locations. On the final date of disease assessment, among the cultivars Gora cultivar recorded the lowest disease incidence of 40.69%, 25.42% and severity of 28.75%, 24.44% at Degem and Mush, respectively, whereas the highest disease incidence of 50.42 and 30.42% and severity of 33.3 and 29.68% were recorded on the local cultivar at Degem and Mush, respectively. The highest reduction on disease severity i.e. 71.69% at Degem and 67.12% at Mush were recorded on three times sprayed plots. At Degem the highest (3058.33%) and the lowest (1469.44 %-days) AUDPC were recorded from unsprayed plots of the local cultivar and Gora cultivar sprayed three times, respectively. Also at Mush, the highest (1916.67%-days) AUDPC value was calculated on unsprayed local cultivar, whereas; the lowest i.e. 902.78 and 916.67%-days AUDPC values were recorded from three times sprayed cultivars of CS20DK and Gora, respectively. The highest (7.57 at Dege and 3.59 at Mush) number of pods per plant were recorded on CS20DK and local cultivars sprayed with Redomil fungicide two and three times in the order mentioned. Also, the highest (2.40 at Degem and 2.68 at Mush) seeds per pod were recorded on local cultivar Redomil sprayed and on local cultivar three times sprayed plots were obtained respectively. At Degem, 1.216 t/ha yield was obtained on Gora cultivar sprayed with Chlorothalonil three times also at Mush 0.981 t/ha was obtained on same cultivar sprayed with Bayleton fungicide three times. The PDI, PDS and AUDPC values were correlated negatively and highly significantly with PP, SP, grain yield and HSW, at Degem but at Mush, they were correlated negatively and significantly with only grain yield while they were negatively and non-significantly correlated with PP, SP and HSW. At Degem, the highest net benefit (Birr 8,189) and marginal rate of return (777.5%) were obtained from three time's sprayed local and CS20DK cultivars, respectively, whereas, at Mush, the highest net benefit of Birr 6,943.5 and marginal rate of return 380.94%, were obtained from Gora cultivar sprayed three times with Bayleton and local cultivar sprayed two times with Redomil fungicide, respectively. The results of the present study provide some evidence on the response of faba bean cultivars, effect of fungicides and spray frequencies on disease intensity reduction and substantial increase on yield. Thus the improved cultivar Gora accompanied with three times spray with Bayeton fungicide could be recommended for the management of FBG disease. However, further evaluations of faba bean genotypes, fungicides and other disease control methods are important. In addition, for the development of sound and successful management, information regarding epidemiology of the disease in the country is a paramount. Thus any research towards this line could be highly appreciated/ recommended.


The ski industry is one of the most at risk industries as a result of climate change. Warming temperatures and decreasing snowfall are contributing to a decline in skier visitations, shorter seasons, and higher energy costs. Currently, only 3 of 478 ski resorts in the United States rely on 100% renewable energy sources. The intent of this paper is to understand what the issues and barriers are to renewable energy development at ski resorts, and what technologies are feasible and appropriate for this industry to develop. While the renewable energy industry faces many issues and barriers, the ski industry faces its own unique set of financial, land, and community barriers to implementing renewable alternatives. However, this study finds that three renewable technologies (solar, wind, and hydropower) are feasible and appropriate for ski resorts to implement with considerations to be taken in context of the environment, state policies, and natural resources. Renewable energy development is an option for every ski resort; however there is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Overall, there is an opportunity for ski resorts or a third party to take the lead on renewable development. The ski industry can show that it is possible and that nationally we all must transition.


The problem of conceptualization of discursive formations and their forms of representation is relevant. The article attempts at discussing some of the principles of philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, in the context of his ideas about the essence, functions and significance of interpretative models, as well as the philosophy of sign. In particular, the will to power is conceptualized as a strategy of endless interpretation.


Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between acute changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness utilizing perturbations that alter sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), which influences vascular tone. The purpose of the current study was to elicit changes in blood pressure without altering SNA to thus observe the isolated influence of local changes in blood pressure on arterial stiffness. In this scenario, myogenic responses and changes in elastic reserve may contribute to changes in stiffness. Eleven young and healthy adults (age 20± 2 years) participated in this study. Left forearm blood pressure was acutely manipulated by elevating the forearm above heart level (AHL; reduced blood pressure) or lowering the forearm below heart level (BHL; increased blood pressure). Using applanation tonometry at the wrist and antecubital fossa, arterial stiffness was assessed via pulse wave velocity (PWV) after 5 min of rest in three positions: heart level (HL), AHL and BHL. To determine myogenic response involvement, forearm vascular conductance (VC; forearm blood flow/forearm mean blood pressure) was also assessed with duplex ultrasound. Results are mean ± SD. Forearm mean blood pressure was significantly different between arm positions (p<0.001): BHL 99 ± 6 mmHg; HL 80 ± 5 mmHg; AHL 60 ± 4 mmHg. PWV was higher in the BHL (13.4 ± 7.6 m/s) and HL (10.8 ± 4.5 m/s) positions compared to the AHL position (7.4 ± 3.6 m/s) (p<0.001 and 0.01 respectively). Including all positions, blood pressure and PWV were positively correlated (r2=0.4, p=0.002). Forearm VC was significantly lower in the BHL position compared to the HL and AHL positions (p=0.002 and 0.001 respectively). AHL and HL VC were not significantly different (p=1.0). There was no correlation between PWV and VC (r2=0.04, p=0.78). In conclusion, these results indicate that increasing blood pressure results in increases in local arterial stiffness, independent of changes in SNA. The absence of correlation between VC and PWV suggests that changes in elastic reserve played a larger role than myogenic tone in determining changes in stiffness with acutely altered forearm blood pressure.


1. BRACHIAL PLEXUS 2. MEDIAN NERVE 3. ULNAR NERVE 4. RADIAL NERVE 5. AXILLARY NERVE 6. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE 7. SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE 8. DORSAL SCAPULAR NERVE 9. LONG THORACIC NERVE 10. SUBSCAPULAR NERVES AND THORACODORSAL NERVE 11. MEDIAL AND LATERAL PECTORAL NERVES 12. CERVIAL PLEXUS 13. PHRENIC NERVE 14. SACRAL PLEXUS 15. SCIATIC NERVE 16. TIBIAL NERVE 17. COMMON PERONEAL NERVE 18. SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE 19. INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE 20. PUDENDAL NERVE 21. LUMBAR PLEXUS 22. FEMORAL NERVE 23. OBTURATOR NERVE 24. CRANIAL MUSCLES 25. PARASPINAL MUSCLES


Waste disposal and odor control are two important problems in pork production. The odor formerly was called the "money smell" has suddenly become "Environmental Pollution." Concentrating many animals in small areas compounds


Recovering deformable 3D motion from temporal 2D point tracks in a monocular video is an open problem with many everyday applications throughout science and industry, or the new augmented reality. Recently, several techniques have been proposed to deal the problem called Non-Rigid Structure from Motion (NRSfM), however, they can exhibit poor reconstruction performance on complex motion. In this project, we will analyze these situations for primitive human actions such as walk, run, sit, jump, etc. on different scenarios, reviewing first the current techniques to finally present our novel method. This approach is able to model complex motion into a union of subspaces, rather than the summation occurring in standard low-rank shape methods, allowing better reconstruction accuracy. Experiments in a
wide range of sequences and types of motion illustrate the benefits of this new approach


The intelligence loose zone tester and borehole imaging instrument were applied to indicate rock mass fracture and damage.The test results show that the deepth of the rock loose zone is about 2.6 m.It provides an important basis for determination of reasonable bolting parameters.


Anhui was well rich in mineral resources,138 kinds of minerals have been found,the resource potential gross ranks tenth in the country.Since the founding of the PRC,science and technology innovation continually emerged,expanding constantly prospecting achievement in the geological field of Anhui Province,it laid the mineral resources great provincial status in the state.With the implementation of the strategy of the industrial province,to ease the bottleneck of mineral resources,it is necessary to further increase the scientific and technological innovation,strengthen basic geological,key zone geodynamics metallogenic prediction,the deep probing technology method,the efficient use of resources and recycling technology,geological technology innovation mechanism research and more prospecting to find a good mine,the large mines,realize new breakthroughs in the geological prospecting.


Objective To investigate the effect of prophylactic 180°peripheral laser retinopexy dur- ing primary vitrectomy surgery on inferior rhegmatogenous retinal redetachment after silicone oil removal. Methods The clinical data of 142 patients who undertaken previous vitreetomy combined with silicone oil tamponade and later silicone oil removal surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Eighty-one patients (photoco- agulation group) was take prophylactic 180-degree dykelike laser retinopexy during the previous vilreoretinal surgery before the secondary silicone oil removal while 61 patients (control group) weren't.The incidence,time.the cause of retinal redetaehment and the complications of laser retinopexy after silicone oil removal intwo groups were observed.Results The duration of silicone oil tamponade was 7-24 weeks,averaging 11.8-2.6 weeks.During the period above.16 cases of retinal redetachment occurred;among them,there were 6 cascs (7.4%) in the photoeoagulation group (4 proliferative vitreoretinopathy cases,1 new break case,l un- known case) and 10 cases (16.4%) in the control group (7 cases resulted from omission of small retinal breaks or reopening of original hole.3 proliferative vitreoretinopathy cases).The difference belween two groups Was statistically significant(P<0.05).Eleven cages of retinal redetachment were recorded after silicone oil removal,including 3 casos (3.7%) in photocoagulation group (2 cases resulted from new tractional hole by nearby proliferative membrane.1 photocoagulation spot hole case) and 8 cases (11.4%) in control group (4 proliferative vitreoretinopathy Cases,2 reopening of primary retinal break cases,and 2 newly formed breaks beside the primary retinal breaks).Conclusions Prophylactic 180-degree peripheral laser retinopexy during primary vitrectomy surgery on inferior rhegmatogenous retinal redetachment is associated with a decrease of the incidence of retinal redetachment after removal of silicone oil.

Key words:
Retinal detachraent/prevention continal; Retinal detachment/surgery; Laser coagulation;


The purpose of this research was to develop and validate a new measure of undergraduate student cynicism-the Cynical Attitudes Toward College Scale (CATCS). In Study 1, the authors split data collected from 1,049 students representing 3 diverse college populations into development and confirmation samples. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the authors (a) developed an 18-item measurement model reflecting 4 reliable dimensions of student cynicism-policy, academic, social, and institutional; (b) demonstrated cross-sample generalizability; and (c) established convergent and discriminant validity. In Study 2, the authors showed the CATCS's ability to discriminate among diverse groups of students predicted to differ on the 4 subscales as well as to predict future academic outcomes. Practical applications of the CATCS are discussed.


We investigate numerically the generation of sub-picosecond optical pulses using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and a linear polarizer placed in a ring laser configuration. Nonlinear polarization rotation in the SOA is employed as the passive mode-locking mechanism. In particular attention is paid to the pulse narrowing process. We find that pulses as short as 300 femtoseconds can be generated if the dispersion is completely compensated. Our results are well in agreement with experimental results.


One of the key issues for the design of cold-formed steel members is the local buckling strength under axial compression. In this paper, we focused on the local buckling strength of rectangular section and lipped -C section members whose adjacent plate elements have a different width-thickness ratio, and investigated their elastic and inelastic local buckling strength through the numerical analysis. By comparing the numerical analysis results with that obtained from a conventional design method, we found that the plate restraining effect between adjacent plate elements affected both the elastic buckling strength and the maximum strength of cold-formed steel members.


For many years before the 1916 Easter Week Rising, Irish Home Rule had been an issue in New Zealand. Liberal leaders such as Stout, Grey, Ballance and Ward had shared platforms with touring Irish Nationalist MPs, while Irish immigrants had subscribed generously to Home Rule funds. In the first decade of the 20th century, infant Labour organisations, having, in spite of the Catholic hierarchy's frequent denunciations of socialism, many Irish supporters, were consequently compelled to take cognisance of the problem which agitated Irishmen throughout the world.


Sustainability is a complex concept that deals with different dimensions which are economic, social, environmental, cultural and governance-related. Therefore, the aim of a sustainable production should take into consideration all the inputs (natural and social resources) and a particular attention should be given at their protection in order to let them be reproducible in the long-run. In Geographical Indication (GI) products the aim of developing sustainable food production is evident and tangible. In these products not only the value chain dimension is important, but especially the territorial one. The latter, oft described through the French concept of terroir, strictly relates the product to the producers thanks to the raw materials (for their specific attributes gained due to the geophysical characters) and the know-how (for the attributes, which arise as a consequence of the tradition and the human elements). The objective of the paper is to describe in a comprehensive way a theoretical framework, which includes the variables that affect the sustainability, starting from the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) method proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), aggregating together the distinct dimensions (environmental, economic, social and governance-related). The method described is the one applied at a European Project: Strength to Food, focusing on a specific case-study: the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. The results and the suggestions derived from the observations made on this specific case-study.


nce upon a time, a favorite metaphor for the language arts was the tripod. Unlike the recentlyreleased standards document, a teacher could easily remember its three components-language, literature, and composition-and could arrange instruction so that all three components were included in the course. Predictably, the tripod model grew out of favor because it was perceived to be a rigid structure which isolated the English curriculum into distinct parts (Bushman and Bushman 1994; Grommon 1991; Simmons, Shafer, and West 1976). According to Stephen Tchudi (1989), "In practice, it was found that most teachers taught each leg of the tripod as if they were mutually exclusive components" (351). Later, the work of Jim Moffett, James Britton, and others, inspired by the Dartmouth Conference of 1966, expanded the idea of the tripod to include oral language skills, speech, and drama.