We present extensive metal-line absorption properties for 45 absorption systems that were selected by their Mg II absorption at redshifts between 0.4 and 1.4. For each system the properties of several chemical species are determined, including a wide range of ionization conditions. In the optical, the absorption systems have been observed at ∼6 km s-1 resolution with HIRES/Keck, which covered Mg II, several Fe II transitions, Mg I, and in some cases (depending upon redshift) Ca II, Ti II, Mn II, and Al III. Ultraviolet, lower resolution (∼230 km s-1) Faint Object Spectrograph data (1600-3275 Å) were obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope archive. These spectra covered Al II, Al III, Si II, Si III, Si IV, C II, C III, C IV, N V, O VI, and several Lyman series transitions, with coverage dependent upon the absorption system redshift. From these data, we infer that Mg II-absorbing galaxies at intermediate redshifts have multiphase gaseous structures.


in the institutions, and are resigned to giving passive mute witness during the tedious council sessions and party plenums dutifully convened and recorded to prove the effectiveness of local institutions to central officials. Hill's findings lead him to question whether this rigid authoritarian dimension of Soviet cities like Tiraspol will not effectively undermine the intent of recent changes in the USSR, by which localities have been granted increased political autonomy and taxing authority supposedly to enhance local community involvement in policy making. Hill's study has both virtues and shortcomings, although most of the latter are inherent in all studies of Soviet local government. Perhaps we should praise Hill most for having successfully completed his research in the first place. Hill compiled his elite data through a meticulous reading of 18 years of the Tiraspol urban newspaper while he was an exchange student at the Moldavian Academy of Sciences in 1967—68. For those of us who know that no other Western social scientist has been allowed to conduct research in Moldavia and that Western scholars confront immense difficulties in gaining access to the local press in the USSR, Hill's dual accomplishment alone marks the study as an invaluable data source unlikely to be replicated in the near future. At the same time, as Hill himself admits, the very nature of his primary source, the local urban newspaper, severely limited the scope of his inquiry and clouded the validity of his conclusions. Trying to correct for the limitations of local newspaper reporting, Hill very early in his research had to give up on interviews with local Tiraspol officials, who persisted in falling back on the hackneyed responses of Soviet officialdom. Like many other Western sovietologists, Hill has been forced to design his research to fit the available data and to extrapolate the maximum from a very incomplete and biased source. As Tiraspol is a community outside the Russian republic, Hill also should have considered the extent to which ethnic factors influenced elite recruitment within his discussion of the urban setting. Overall, however, within these limitations, Hill has written a fair and carefully researched monograph on Soviet local elites that should prove informative both to Western sovietologists and to students of comparative local politics.


For a curve T:[0,1] -> R^n, we consider the directions theta in R^n which T "misses" the most and quantify this, as a function of the L_2 norm of T's differential.


With the rise of anti-burning and anti-PX movement, we are more concerned about NIMBY conflicts. Since NGOs are playing a more and more important role in relieving the conflicts, the paper put more emphasis on the participating role and path of environmental NGOs in decision-making process of pollution-related NIMBY facilities. Based on the research results of environmental NGO's participating in the decision-making of pollution-related NIMBY facilities, the paper analyzes the necessity of environmental NGO's participation in the decision-making of pollution-related NIMBY facilities, focusing on the practical cases, and summarizes the three aspects of environmental NGO's functions in the decision-making of pollution-related NIMBY facilities, including advocating of environmental protection, safeguarding public rights and promoting public decision-making. It is worth mentioning that this paper establishes the universal model of the participation stages of environmental NGOs in the decision-making of pollution-related facilities, analyzes the path and role of environmental NGOs in the start-up stage, multi-programing stage, decision-making stage, and implementation stage in the decision-making of pollution-related facilities, and provide ideas and methods for environmental NGOs' involving in such participation in the real life.


The leishmaniasis is a globally widespread parasitic diseases of multifaceted clinical manifestations (cutaneous, mucocutneous, diffuse cutaneous and visceral). They are caused by several species belonging to the genus Leishmania - a kinetoplastic flagellate transmitted exclusively by the bite of the female of the phlebotomine sandfly. The sandfly becomes infected when taking blood from reservoir hosts, which includes man or domestic and wild animals. Most leishmaniasis is zoonotic and humans are infected only accidentally when exposed to the natural transmission cycle. However in the anthroponotic forms man is the reservoir host. A Leishmania species in a given area is usually maintained by single reservoir host even if other mammals may sometimes be infected. Identification of the reservoir is a prerequisite for the selection and application of selective control methods. Leishmaniasis poses a public health threat to the people of any nation under its debilitating effects, thus the need for prompt and adequate attention. As at the time of this write up no effective vaccine has been developed to date, but results of vaccine trials are encouraging. For now the more conventional methods of control such as vector reduction, elimination of infected reservoirs, personal protection, surveillance, and treatment is the only option.


In a default corridor [0; B] that the stock price can never enter, a deep outof-the-money American put replicates a pure credit contract (Carr and Wu, 2011). Assuming discrete (one-period-ahead predictable) cash ‡ows, we show that an endogenous credit-risk model generates, along with the default event, a default corridor at the cash-out‡ow dates, where B > 0 is given by these out‡ows (i.e., debt service and negative earnings minus dividends). In this endogenous setting, however, the credit-contract replicating put is not American, but rather European. Speci…cally, the crucial assumption that determines an endogenous default corridor at the cash-out‡ow dates is equityholders'deep pockets absorb these out‡ows; that is, no equityholders's fresh money, no endogenous corridor. I am grateful to Carlos Bellón, Carlos Velasco, and especially Peter Carr and Eduardo Schwartz for helpful comments. Any remaining errors are my own. yUniversidad Ponti…cia Comillas. c/ Alberto Aguilera, 23. 28015 Madrid (Spain). firstname.lastname@example.com


, Abstract Introduction— The progress achieved in reducing tobacco use has not been consistent across groups of smokers, and health systems are inconsistently implementing best practice guidelines. Guideline implementation could be associated with improved treatment invitation rates. Aims— To evaluate differences in tobacco treatment invitation rates based on patient characteristics in primary care clinics implementing best practice guidelines. Methods— A secondary analysis of patients presenting to 11 primary care clinics from two Wisconsin health systems from June 2010 to February 2013. The main outcome was whether patients received an invitation to participate in tobacco treatment. Invitation rates were examined by: gender, age group (<24 years, 25–44, 45–64, >64), race (white, African American, other), insurance status (private, Medicare, Medicaid, none), and visit diagnosis ("high-risk" [cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, malignancy, pregnancy] versus "low-risk" [all other ICD-9 categories]). Moderation effects of health systems were also examined. Results— Of the 95,471 patients seen, 84,668 (89%) were screened for smoking. Among the 15,193 smokers, 10,242 (67%) were invited to participate. Invited patients were older, white or African American, and carried low-risk diagnoses. Invitation rates and patient-level differences varied between the health systems. Conclusions— Variable treatment invitation rates and health system differences remain evident in the primary care setting employing robust Clinical Practice Guideline recommendations.


Han Fei and Machiavelli have similarity and difference in their political inclination; the nature of man is evil, man tends to pursue interests and avoid harm; the monarch should use the hegemony strategy to consolidate his rule.


We present a novel approach to the analysis of the reliability of a software architecture that takes into account an important architectural attribute, namely the error propagation probability. This is the probability that an error, arising somewhere in the architecture, propagates to other components, possibly up to the output. Although this attribute is often neglected in modeling the architecture reliability, it may heavily affect decisions on crucial architectural choices. With our approach, we are able to derive closed-form expressions for the overall system reliability and its sensitivity to variations in the reliability properties of each component (i.e. the probability of failure and the probability of error propagation). This latter result is useful to drive several significant tasks, such as: placing error detection and recovery mechanisms, focusing the design and implementation efforts on critical components, devising cost-effective testing strategies.


Contaminant loading from an inland source zone to the nearshore marine environment is examined using a saturated‐unsaturated simulation model which incorporates both the influence of the growth and the extinction of the seepage face in the intertidal zone and the inclusion of hydromechanical stress coupling due to tidal loading. The system analyzed represents a site where an unconfined aquifer extends offshore with a broad intertidal zone. The volumetric discharge of groundwater in the intertidal zone dominates the discharge occurring beyond the low‐tide line. For most of the cases examined, within the intertidal zone, the recirculated saline component of the discharge is greater than the freshwater component. The majority of the contaminant mass exits through the seepage face located above the instantaneous tide line. The peak contaminant loading rate occurs around the time of the falling midtide. At low tide, the contaminant loading rate is more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than the peak rates, even though groundwater discharge rates are highest as low tide is approached. Sensitivity studies indicate that the relative proportion of recirculated intertidal zone discharge to fresh intertidal zone discharge is most sensitive to the magnitude of the freshwater flux, the spatial variation of the outflow across the intertidal zone as influenced by anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity, and tidal pumping as influenced by specific storage. Dilution of contaminant concentrations due to mixing with seawater beneath the sediment‐water interface is represented in terms of a dilution factor, defined relative to the onshore source concentration. For our base case, the dilution factor for the contaminant concentration averaged over one tidal cycle at the high‐tide, midtide, and low‐tide lines was 1.3, 3.9, and 560, respectively. The key factors determining contaminant dilution at the sediment interface are location within the intertidal zone and the vertical extent of the contaminant plume as it enters the intertidal zone.


Identifying the location of the vehicle is useful in many applications. It will be very useful if the location is
tracked immediately when it is stolen. Likewise it is required to know where the cab or a taxi is there when a
woman or child is travelling alone in the vehicle. Research is being done to find the solution to these issues using
different iot based approaches. The location of the moving object anywhere on the globe can be known easily
by identifying its GPS coordinates. Once these coordinates in the form of latitudes and longitudes are known,
they can be immediately communicated to the required person's mobile through GSM technology. The
present research focused on building an Arduino based tracking system for vehicles by using GPS receiver and
GSM module and was able to successfully identify the location of a vehicle with in no time.


The 24'' H and V Duct and related piping outside the LOFT containment and connected to containment penetration S-12A were analyzed to ASME Section III, Subsection NC (Class 2) criteria. The duct is part of the Containment Isolation System. The model considered the duct from the containment O.D. outward through the second isolation valve. Results of this analysis show that this section of the line will meet Class 2 requirements without modification.


A high luminance thin-film electroluminescent device comprises a phosphor layer comprising SrS as the host material and a luminous center. The phosphor layer is sandwiched between two insulating layers and two thin-film electrodes are provided on each side of the insulating layers. At least one of the electrodes is transparent, and the excitation spectrum of the phosphor layer exhibits a peak having a maximum value at a wave-length of about from 350 nm to 370 nm. Such a high luminance thin-film electroluminescent device can be prepared by annealing its phosphor layer comprising SrS as the host material at a temperature of at least 650 DEG C for at least one hour in an atmosphere of a sulfur-containing gas.


Peter James has spent more than forty years in the business. Brendan Swift talks to the legendary cinematographer about his first digital experience on yogi Bear 3D.


The extraction, identification, and quantification of wine aroma compounds are preliminary steps required for further investigation of wine quality, i.e. determination of the varieties of grapes used, the production process, and the origin and age of the wine. This paper deals with the optimization of solid-phase microextraction for the determination of compounds which produce wine bouquet. Optimum operating conditions have been determined to obtain high reproducibility at low cost and with low time-consumption. Several factors influencing the equilibrium of the aroma compounds between the sample and the fiber must be taken into account, including length of contact time between the two phases involved, speed of agitation of the sample, the matrix in which the process takes place, and, furthermore, the place, duration, and temperature of desorption in the injector of the chromatograph.


Adopting field plot experiment to comparatively study the plant and leaf morphological factors and physiological characters of Peiliangyou568 and the other hybrid combinations. The results indicated that Peiliangyou568 has ideal plant and leaf shape, and its yield-increasing potential can be enhanced significantly through regulating culture measures. Meanwhile, adopting two culture plans(consideration of panicle and grain, and consideration of panicle) to study components of high yielding and yield factors of Peiliangyou568. The results showed that the yield of Peiliangyou568 with both culture plan all reached aim designed in high-yielding culture experiment, it is 10 657.5 kg/hm2in consideration of spike and grain, and 10 575.0 kg/hm2, respectively.


Received November 9, 1984, from the Departments of "Rad otogy and tSurgery, The Wellesley Hosp1tal and The University of Toronto. Toronto. Ontario. Canada. Accepted for pub1tcatlon February 12. 1985 Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Leekam Department of Radiology, St Joseph's Health Centre. 30 The Oueensway, Toronto, Ontario M6R 1 85, Canada. simulated a necrotic pelvic mass on sonographic examination.


According to the current understanding of the curriculum at the Neapolitan conservatories, students were taught composition primarily through partimento-playing and through written studies in count...


The ultra-dense network (UDN) is envisioned to be an enabling and highly promising technology to enhance spatial multiplexing and network capacity in future 5G networks. Moreover, to address the conflict between computation-intensive applications and resource-constrained IoT mobile devices (MDs), multi-access mobile edge computing (MA-MEC), which provides the IoT MDs with cloud capabilities at the edge of radio access networks, has been proposed. UDN and MA-MEC are regarded as two distinct but complementary enabling technologies for 5G IoT applications. Over the past several years, lots of research on mobile edge computation offloading (MECO) -- the key technique in MA-MEC -- has emerged. However, it is noticed that all these works focused on the single-tier base station scenario and computation offloading between the MD and the MEC server connected to the macro base station, and few works can be found on the problem of computation offloading for MA-MEC in UDN (i.e., a multi-user ultra-dense MEC server scenario). Toward this end, we study in this article the MECO problem in UDN and propose a heuristic greedy offloading scheme as our solution. Extensive numerical results and comparisons demonstrate the necessity for and superior performance of conducting computation offloading over multiple MEC servers.


This report is based on a review of 7 cases in which squamous-cell carcinoma was apparently confined to the prostate gland; 8 cases in which a squamous-cell ?carcinoma arose in the epithelium of the vesical neck and involved the prostate gland; 6 cases in which an adenocarcinoma of the rectum subsequently extended to the prostate gland; one case in which metastasis to the prostate gland occurred several years after operation for carcinoma of the stomach; and one case in which a mucoid carcinoma of the prostate gland developed after the removal of a carcinoma of the lung.


On March 27th, 1933 a British MI5 officer Oswald Allen Harker received a report on the inter+relation of the Comintern, GPU and Department IV of the Staff of the Red Army. The source of this report was a Jewish communist. Another report received by Harker, on the same day, was the OGPU method of investigation. He informed his superiors that the source of this document was the first-hand source. This article presents these documents because they are relevant to the level of knowledge of MI5 about Russian Espionage and subversive activity at that moment.


.........................................................................................................................I TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................VI OVERVIEW OF ANNEXES........................................................................................................VII LISTS OF FIGURES AND TABLES..............................................................................................IX PART ONE: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................1 CHAPTER ONE: PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY...........................................................................1 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................5 2.1. RESEARCH DESIGN................................................................................................. ..........5 2.2. RESEARCH PURPOSE.................................................................................................5 2.3. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH METHODS..............................................................................6 2.3.1. Document review...........................................................................................6 2.3.2. Ethnographic observations................................................................................6 2.3.3. Household Survey...........................................................................................7 2.3.4. Interviews....................................................................................................8 126.96.36.199. In-depth Interviews............................................................................9 188.8.131.52. Focus Group Discussions.................................................................10 220.127.116.11. Sampling individual interviews.........................................................11 2.4. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS..........................................................................................11 2.5. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY.................................................................11


The article is devoted to the results of research of metrological characteristics of the newly created State primary standard of the unit of scaling factor of alternating current (AC) voltage up to 750/√3 kV. Until 2019, there was no metrological support for ultra-high voltage measurements in Ukraine. From 2016 to 2019, the State Enterprise "Ukrmetrteststandard" carried out research work on the development of the state primary standard unit of scaling factor of AC for ultra-high voltage. The created standard became the basis for metrological support of measurement of ultrahigh voltages of alternating current. The standard using for calibration of precision ultra-high voltage measuring transformers in the energy sector of the national economy. The created standard consists of a set of high-precision measuring instruments and is stored in a specially equipped laboratory. For reproduction and keeping of unit of scaling factor of AC voltage the method of comparison of currents with use of the bridge of AC and two measuring condensers is used. The article analyzes the conditions of keeping and using of the newly created standard, methods of measurement and reproduction of the unit of scaling factor of AC voltage. The results of the study of metrological characteristics of the standard are presented, which confirmed the characteristics regulated for the standard.


In order to determined the Chrysoidin II by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method,a complete antigen Chrysoidin II-BSA and a coating antigen Chrysoidin II-OVA were prepared by coupling Chrysoidin II with the carrier proteins of bovineserum albumin(BSA)and ovalbumin(OVA) using glutaraldehyde method,respectively.The synthesis of Chrysoidin II artificial antigens was confirmed by UV absorption spectra and animal experiments.A novel anti-Chrysoidin II polyclonal antibody was prepared,which was successfully applied to the determination of Chrysoidin II in food with a limit of detection of 10 pg.High sensitivity and specificity will contribute to the development of commercial ELISA kits for the detection of Chrysoidin II in foods.


Unresponsive design guidelines for open spaces and the continuous allocation of land for the construction of buildings has led to the 'concretisation' of urbanscapes. This has resulted in the urban heat island effect marking the increase in air temperature making urban spaces almost unbearable for urban residents to dwell in. However, new effort is being made to reduce the effect of heat gain at the pedestrian level by planting vegetation in open spaces particularly urban nodes to create a comfortable outdoor environment. Appropriate vegetation selection in landscape design which is capable of reducing outdoor air temperature, is needed in designing urban nodes in hot-humid climates. The study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of different vegetation types and their planting arrangement in adequately shading outdoor spaces for pedestrian activities. Two node intersections in Kuala Lumpur's urban space were selected based on vegetation type and planting arrangement. Daylight intensity was measured using the lux meters and the shadow casted underneath the vegetation. Human activity within the area was also observed to determine which vegetation type and planting arrangement is most suitable for pedestrian activity. Results revealed that the vegetation types and its planting arrangements significantly influences the amount of daylight penetrating the tree foliage and shadow casted on the ground which encourages human interaction at the node intersections.


Photograph of three men, Bob Rutledge, Phil Hanlon, and [unidentified] Hanlon, standing in front of many stacked bags of compressed cotton. They're holding and observing some of the cotton. They all wear suits and hats.


Project declaration/establishment and scientific research achievements management are the important contents of sci-tech work,and both need the sci-tech information service.This paper introduces the contents and orientations of sci-tech information service for project declaration/establishment and scientific research achievements management.


In the process of concept design of bridges, it is necessary to select the best from feasible alternatives through comparison and filter. The criterion set, used to evaluate and select the satisfying alternative, consists of many qualitative and quantitative factors. Therefore, the selection is a problem of multi-criteria and semi-structural decision making. Different from traditional methods in semi-structural decision making, a new framework and methodology is presented in this paper for evaluation of bridge alternatives. First the criterion set is established for the evaluation of alternatives. Next, the approach is studied to construct the relative membership degree matrix, in which both qualitative and quantitative factors are consistent with the uniform calculating standard. Then a new weight-assessing method is developed for calculation of the weights based on the relative membership degree matrix. Finally, a fuzzy optimum model is adopted to select the satisfying bridge alternative. Finally a case study is given to show the efficiency and robustness of the new framework and methodology.


The application of the Cauchy distribution has often been discussed as a potential model of the financial markets. In particular the way in which single extreme, or "Black Swan'', events can impact long term historical moments, is often cited. In this article we show how one can construct Martingale processes, which have marginal distributions that tend to the Cauchy distribution in the large volatility limit. This provides financial justification to the approaches investigated by other authors, and highlights an example of how quantum probability can be used to construct non-Gaussian Martingales. We go on to illustrate links with hyperbolic diffusion, and discuss the insight this provides.


Our work shows the possibility of using different means of physical training in program of primary drug addiction prophylactic in school. Elaborated program directed to change the pupil's attitude to drugs and to form the priorities in physical health, to rise up the level of physical abilities, self actualization and self expression in the field of sports.


The restenosis following percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTBA) is high for Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) patients with hepatic venous obstruction (HVO). We aim to evaluate the safety and long‐term outcome of PTBA with a large balloon catheter in a large series of patients with HVO.


We present two applications of a modified Durrmeyer-Bernsteinoperator introduced by Goodman and Sharma. A new method isproposed achieving a "good" degree reduction of a Beziercurve with endpoint interpolation. A convenient algorithm will begiven providing an easy and practical method for computing thedegree reduced curve. Then, given a set of (r+1) points, weconstruct a degree n Bezier curve approximation within adistance O(n −1/2 ) from the given points, where n does notdepend on r.


Through comparison between the tractor's load spectrum and the testing data,and compared with other vehicle testing standard,we study the choice of upper force to the wheeled tractor's front axle in testing standard.It is concluded that the choice of upper force is bigger which is specified by the standard JB/T 9828-1999 in fatigue intensifying test,and how to choose the upper force in this paper is discussed.


This paper investigates the relationship between corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the case of 15 transition countries by using a panel gravity model approach and suggests that corruption does not deter FDI.


Based on geotechnical investigation on phyllitie in Changbei,three influenceing factors,including rock materials,characteristic and strength of rock mass,that have seventeen secondary items,are selected,and which weight are made certain by the Analytic Hierarchy Process.In the end,weathering degree of phyllitie in Changbei is judged quantificationally by fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation,and the method are applied to an work example with satisfying results.


Based on a total of 46 flax samples of Gansu landraces,improved cultivars and exotic cultivars,the lignan content,fat content and five kinds of fatty acids were analyzed.The results showed: ① The range content of the lignan,fat,Palmitic acid,Stearic acid,Oleic acid,Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid of flax cultivars is wide.The content of these main quality characters have significant difference.② In the 3 kinds of flax cultivars,the content of lignan and Linolenic acid are the highest in the exotic cultivars;the fat content is high both in the improved cultivars and the exotic cultivars,but Linolenic acid content is the lowest in the improved cultivars;the content of lignan and crude fat are the lowest in Gansu landraces.③ 4 cultivars which have some special characteristics were selected to be used in flax breeding.④ The correlations of the quality characters showed: the content of lignan were significantly positively correlated with the linoleic acid,while Stearic acid content was significantly correlated with the fat content and unsaturation fatty acids,and the content of Oleic acid was significantly negatively correlated with Gansu landraces;with fat content,Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid.


The purpose of this research is to know the influence of FDR, CAR, BOPO on the profitability of ROA on sharia bank in Indonesia. The number of samples used 13 sharia bank with a purposive sampling method. The method used is a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the annual report of each bank. The analytical tool used is panel data regression. Data is processed through E-views. The results showed that FDR and BOPO has a significant negative effect on ROA while CAR has a significant positive effect on ROA. FDR, CAR, BOPO is a simultan effect on ROA.In this study researchers have limitations using only 5 years and only using the variables FDR, CAR, BOPO as an independent variable so that it can affect theresearch results. The next researcher is expected to beable to develop the number of variables and be able to add observation time.


Using observations of solar wind plasma and magnetic field parameters and additional data (e.g., geomagnetic indicies, energetic particle and cosmic ray observations), we have classified the near-Earth solar wind during 1963 to 2011 into three basic flow types: high-speed streams associatedwith coronal holes at the Sun, slow, inter-stream flows, and transient ("CME-related") flows. We discuss the cycle-to-cycle variations in solar wind parameters and structures, and geomagnetic activity, over this period, encompassingmore than four solar cycles.


The influence of the incident photon energy between 6 and 11.2 eV and of the applied electric field strength between 0 and 32 kV/cm on the photoconductivity of four polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils of the same structure but of different viscosities, and of three polymethylphenylsiloxane oils of different viscosities and structures, is studied. Results show that, in each class of oils, the photocurrent values measured under identical experimental conditions and the photoionization energy threshold values of the different oils are almost the same. These results on oils of very different molecular chain lengths or chemical structures display the importance of the elementary links (CH/sub 3/)/sub 2/ SiO and (CH/sub 3/)(C/sub 6/H/sub 5/) SiO in the photoionization mechanism of these silicone oils. With regard to the PDMS oils the fitting of experimental I=f(E) curves corresponding to different photon energies with theoretical expressions based on the one-dimensional and the three-dimensional Onsager probabilities enables the calculation of the order of magnitude of their ionization quantum yield phi /sub i/, of the penetration distance of the photons B/sub 1/ and of the thermalization distance of the ejected photoelectrons B/sub 3/ in these oils. >


Positron range effect is one of the fundamental factors limiting the spatial resolution of PET images. In statistical image reconstruction methods, positron range effects can be incorporated into the system model. The resolution recovery by modeling positron range results in an inevitable increase of image noise. We compare the resolution and noise properties of the images reconstructed with or without positron range modeling in this paper. Simulation results show that positron range modeling can lead to improved resolution vs. noise trade-off


Two simple, accurate, rapid and sensitive Methods (A and B) have been developed for the estimation of Alosetron in its pharmaceutical dosage form. The Method A is based on the formation yellow colored chromogen, due to reaction of Alosetron Hydrochloride with Metanil yellow dye, formation of ion association complexes of the drug with dyes in phosphate buffer of pH 3.6 followed by their extraction in chloroform which exhibits λmax at 410 nm. The Method B is based on the formation of light yellow colored chromogen due to reaction of Alosetron Hydrochloride with Methyl Orange dye, formation of ion association complexes of the drug with dyes in phosphate buffer of pH 3.6 followed by their extraction in chloroform, which exhibits λ max at 422 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot is linear over the range of 5-60 mcg/mL for Method A and 50-120 mcg/mL for Method B. Results of analysis for all the methods were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The proposed methods are precise, accurate, economical and sensitive for the estimation of Alosetron in bulk drug and in its Tablet dosage form.


An analysis was performed to predict the thermal distortion of the solar dynamic concentrator for Space Station Freedom in low earth orbit and to evaluate the effects of that thermal distortion on concentrator on-orbit performance. The analysis required substructural finite element modeling of critical concentrator structural subsystems, structural finite element modeling of the concentrator, mapping of thermal loading onto the structural finite element model, and the creation of specialized postprocessors to assist in interpreting results. Concentrator temperature distributions and thermally induced displacements and slope errors and the resulting receiver flux distribution profiles are discussed. Results determined for a typical orbit indicate that concentrator facet rotations are less than 0.2 mrad and that the change in facet radius due to thermal flattening is less than 5 percent. The predicted power loss due to thermal distortion effects is less than 0.3 percent. As a consequence the thermal distortions of the solar dynamic concentrator in low earth orbit will have a negligible effect on the flux distribution profiles within the receiver.


Since late modern society,the traditional concept of marriage has been dominant,mainly reflected in the two aspects-marriage concept of feudalism and the non-freedom concept of divorce and remarriage,which has formed the historical background of the evolution of modern freedom of marriage.Generally speaking,the evolution of modern freedom concept of marriage has gone through three stages of the introduction,development,and peak.Under the influence of the modern freedom concept of marriage,people increasingly put it into practice.Thus,modern social evolution of the freedom concept of marriage and its practice exhibit the two main characteristics of the hybrid of old and new concepts and blending imbalance.


In recent years, diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI has emerged as a new technique for detecting the pelvic lymph metastases in patients with cervical cancer. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the diagnostic value of DW imaging (DWI) for benign/malignant discrimination of pelvic lymph nodes (LNs). Studies about DWI for the detection of metastatic LNs were searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library and three Chinese databases. Based on the extracted data, we determined pooled sensitivities, specificities and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs) and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve (AUC) and Q* obtained. We also analysed the heterogeneity between studies based on subgroup analysis, threshold effect and publication bias. In total, 15 studies involving 1021 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR of DWI were 0.86 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–0.89], 0.84 (95% CI, 0.83–0.86) and 47.21 (95% CI, 25.67–86.81), respectively. LR syntheses yielded overall positive LR of 6.55 (95% CI, 4.77–9.01) and negative LR of 0.17 (95% CI, 0.12–0.23). The AUC and Q* index were 0.9384 and 0.8754, respectively. The heterogeneity was relatively high between studies; however, there was no evidence for threshold effect and publication bias. DWI is beneficial in the pelvic nodal assessment in patients with cervical cancer. Large-scale, high-quality trials with standard protocols are required to evaluate its clinical value for discrimination of metastatic from non-metastatic pelvic LNs in patients with cervical cancer. Advances in knowledge include providing evidence to assess the role of DWI in nodal staging of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignancies, which takes third place among female genital malignancies in the world, following the uterine body and ovarian cancers. During the past few decades, there has been an obvious decline in the death rate and incidence of cervical cancer in developed countries observed, but this has not been mirrored by a similar decline in developing countries. The extent of lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important prognostic factor, and the survival rates of patients with nodal metastases are significantly lower than those of patients without such metastases. Surgical LN assessment is the gold standard for the diagnosis of LN metastasis; however, it increases the time and cost of diagnosis with an increased risk of immediate and delayed complications to the patient. Therefore, a non-invasive technique that accurately identifies LN metastasis would be valuable. CT and MRI are widely used to assess metastatic LNs of patients with cervical cancer, which is based on the measurement of node size. However, the sensitivity of these imaging techniques for the detection of LN metastasis in uterine cervical cancer is between only 30% and 73%, while the specificity is between 44% and 93%. Fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT is considered to be a useful technique in the detection of LN metastasis for tumour with high sensitivity and specificity, especially as it could provide diagnostic information of the entire body, but so far it has not been widely used for clinical application owing to high cost. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is sensitive to the diffusion of water molecules in tissue, which can make subtle abnormality more obvious and can provide better characterization of tissue and their pathological processes at microscopic level. Additionally, the quantitative assessment can be performed by the measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Of late, DWI has been introduced for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions in extracranial organs, especially for diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic organs. Although multiple previous studies have discussed the feasibility of DWI in detecting and diagnosing cervical cancer, the findings are inconclusive or conflicting. Thus, we undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the possible benefit of DWI to differentiate metastatic from non-metastatic LNs in uterine cervical cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Literature search The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library and three Chinese databases—CNKI, VIP and WanFang—were searched for eligible studies about the diagnostic performance of DWI-MR for the pelvic nodal assessment in patients with cervical cancer. The search strategy was based on the combination of the following key words: ("Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging" or "Diffusion MRI" or "Diffusion Weighted MRI" or "DWI" or "diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging" or "MRI DWI" or "diffusionweighted imaging" or "diffusion-weighted-MRI") and ("Uterine Cervical Neoplasms" or "Cervical Neoplasms" or "Cervical cancer" or "cervical carcinoma" or "cervix cancer" or "Cervix Neoplasms" or "Cervix carcinoma"). In addition, reference lists of included studies were manually screened for additional eligible studies. Study selection Two reviewers independently judged the eligibility with disagreements resolved by discussion and consensus. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) DWI was identified to detect pelvic LN metastasis of cervical cancer; (2) histopathology results and/ or clinical follow-up were used as the reference standard; (3) only studies with absolute numbers of true-positive (TP), falsepositive (FP), false-negative (FN) and true-negative (TN) extracted could be included; (4) the studies were based on a per-lesion analysis; (5) when data or subsets of data were presented in more than one article, the article with the most details or the most recent article was chosen. Because of non-sufficient information, the reviews, letters, conference abstracts and case reports were excluded. The studies consisting of no more than 10 patients were also excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment From the studies finally selected, the same investigators independently extracted relevant data including basic description of studies (first author, publication year, original country), study population (sample, age, type of primary cancer), study design (prospective vs retrospective, patient enrolment and blindness), technique parameters (magnetic strength, b-value and scanning sequence) and reference standard. Obviously, TP, FP, FN and TN results were also recorded for further analysis. In addition, the quality assessment of included studies was performed with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tools, which comprised 14 questions, and each item was answered by "yes", "no" or "unclear". Score 12 was used as the cut-off of high and low quality. Statistical analyses We conducted all analysis based on a per-region/node data analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the bivariate analysis. In addition, likelihood ratios (LRs) that were the combination of sensitivity and specificity in the calculation were also obtained. The discrimination ability was better with higher DOR, higher positive LR and lower negative LR. Furthermore, we also constructed the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves with area under the curve (AUC) and Q* estimate obtained. With regard to the heterogeneity between studies, we used the inconsistency index (I) test to examine it. A fixed model was used if I value was .50%, which reflected substantial heterogeneity; otherwise, a fixed model was used. To explain the source of heterogeneity, we performed the subgroup analysis according to the study design, patient enrolment, blindness, QUADAS score and the reference standard. In addition, the metaregression and publication bias analysis were also performed. All statistical analyses were conducted using Meta-Disc v. 1.4 (XI Cochrane Colloquium; Barcelana, Spain) and STATA v. 12.0 (StataCorp LP; College Station, TX). RESULTS Study selection and description We initially identified 520 articles after electronic search and excluded 455 articles after reviewing the title and abstract. The remaining 65 articles were screened in full text, and 15 articles were finally included for further analysis. The selection process and reasons for exclusion were shown in Figure 1. In total, 1021 patients involving 3134 LNs were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Of all studies, only two studies enrolled patients prospectively, another six studies were retrospectively designed and the remaining were unknown. Patients were enrolled consecutively in five articles. Figure 1. Flowchart for study selection. BJR G Shen et al 2 of 9 birpublications.org/bjr Br J Radiol;88:20150063 T a b le 1. P ri n c ip a l c h a ra c te ri st ic s o f e lig ib le st u d ie s in c lu d e d in th is m e ta -a n a ly si s St u dy N at io n P at ie nt s Le si on s M ea n ag e (r an ge ) St ud y de si gn P at ie nt en ro lm en t B lin d R ev ie w T yp e of ce rv ic al ca n ce r D iff us io nw ei gh te d


Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Relation between human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancer has been showed. A case of 68-year-old white male patient of rural origin with a history of apparent good health is presented. He was an inveterate smoker with irregular sexual activity who presented to consultation two years ago, after suffering from dysphonia for 3 months. The case was consulted with the specialty of otolaryngology and acute pharyngitis was diagnosed. Three months later, he continued affected by a more severe dysphonia. Severe epithelial dysplasia associated with human papillomavirus was observed through a direct laryngoscopy. Two-year treatment with recombinant alfa-2b Interferon was prescribed. The patient progressed for 2 years, subsequently presenting constant dysphonia, symptoms of rhinorrhea and flu-like symptoms. Well-differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed and a laryngectomy was performed. This case is presented because of the importance of knowing the etiology of these lesions attributed to the human


A new group-signature scheme is given, which is based on discrete logarithm and factoring, called ( t_j, t, n ) threshold group-signature scheme. Comparing to a general group-signature scheme, these new schemes have two advantages: (1) Each member can have different power; (2) One can set parameter skillful and get different schemes for different utilizations. The security of these schemes is discussed.


A recombinant eukaryotic expression vector of apxIA gene from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), named pPICZαA/apxI, was constructed and the apxIA gene was expressed in Pichia pastoris. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the recombinant ApxIA protein could be tested in the concentrated supernatant, and recognized by positive serum against APP serotype 1 using western-blot. The mRNA coding the ApxIA could be tested by RT-PCR in the recombinant yeast. In the interest sequence, the AT% was up to 62% and there were 49 rare codons of P.pastoris which was 15.4% of the total amount of amino acids. The results confirmed that ApxIA was expressed at a lower level in P.pastoris.


This paper traces the resilience of Orientalist representations in contemporary political and popular cultural constructions of space and time. Derrida's deconstruction of universalist notions of space and time enables a challenge to these mechanisms. However, our contemporary political era in the context of the war between terrorisms is marked by an implosion of the Enlightenment concept of universal space and time and the attempt to negate multiple spacetimes. In this sense, Derrida's concept of autoimmunity appears to be a necessary theoretical tool in reading our political future in relation to wars between state and other terrorisms.


PSYCHIATRY and general practice are closely related branches of medicine with a common interest in treating the whole patient. There is less dependence than in other specialties on complicated technology. Meaningful two-way communication is particularly important between the psychiatrist and the referring general practitioner. Communication by letter (Yellowlees and Pullen, 1988) is not always satisfactory, whilst establishing telephone contact can be time wasting. Psychiatrists are now less likely to work exclusively in mental hospitals and are consulting in health centres and surgeries in direct contact with general practitioners and the primary care team (Strathdee and Williams, 1984; Pullen and Yellowlees, 1988). Developments in community psychiatry and primary care over the past twenty years have obscured the boundaries between general practitioners and psychiatrists in the care of mentally ill people. It is now well established that up to 25 per cent of patients consulting their family doctor do so for reasons which are wholly or largely psychological in nature, the majority suffering from neuroses, behavioural disorders or substance misuse. The rapid expansion of community care has also led to increasing numbers of patients with chronic psychoses or learning disabilities living in the community and seeking day to day care from their family doctor, and demographic changes have signalled the development of specialty services in the psychiatry of old age. More recent reorganization in contractual and funding arrangements in the National Health Service (NHS) has led to new management structures for mental health clinical teams. The separation of purchaser from provider has enabled general practitioners to focus their demand for services. These changes have had profound effects on the traditional working relationship between primary and secondary care and have led to a re-evaluation of services provided for patients with mental disorders. In response to the changes a Working Group was set up between the Royal Colleges of General Practitioners and Psychiatrists to examine shared care with particular reference to long-term mental illness, the elderly and those with learning disabilities. The aim of the Working Group was to provide a consensus between the two Colleges on shared care of mentally ill patients indicating where possible how collaboration and liaison might best be established or expanded. We intended a specific focus on shared management between general practice and mental health care teams. We eschewed rigid policies and have promoted collaboration to suit the needs of each local service. In this document we consider general principles regarding how general practitioners and psychiatrists might most effectively work together. There then follows an examination of: * Psychiatric consultation in general practice


The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the effect of composite materials based on epoxy resin on fracture growth control in equipment operating at temperatures of up to 120 °С. The effect of vari- ous fillers, diluting agents on the yield behavior of the liquid phase of the composite material and the strength properties of the solid phase were studied. The best results for all parameters were obtained by using a micron-sized magnetic powder with additions of nano-sized magnetic particles as a filler. On standard samples, which were made of the com- posite material, the tensile strength was determined. All the variations in components of the composite material make it possible to obtain values of the ultimate strength at the level of values obtained by other research- ers. At the same time, bend tests showed significant increase in the strength limit when using magnetic particles as a filler. It was noted that the magnetic particles of the filler react to the external magnetic field only when exposed to the liquid phase. In phase transitions, magnetic particles create spatial structures, the total magnetic moment of which is directed toward the common center. In order to increase the degree of composite material penetration into the fractures, a method and an appa- ratus for its performance, which are based on the principle of creating a vacuum above the fracture surface at the moment of the liquid phase application, were proposed. This allows increasing the depth of penetra- tion by 1.5 times. The efficiency of the composite material is shown in the process the stress intensity factor in the crack tip (for the first type of crack) determination on standard samples. In order to conduct compara- tive tests, one series of samples fully complied with the requirements of the standard. Another series differed in the fact that after growing a fatigue fracture, the cavity of the latter was filled with a composite mate- rial. In comparison with standard samples, the value of the coefficient increased by 2.25 times.


Chapter 23 shows how in the modernist era rhythm was no longer a stable background pattern, but became part of the overall acoustic texture of the poem—with short-form poetry the most powerful vehicle for rhythmic innovation. Poetry had, for most of English literary history, generally been held to be metrical—rhythmic in a consistent pattern. Ezra Pound helped shape modernist poetics, and the author focuses on the Poundian line of influence, with particular emphasis on the writing of the American poet Robert Creeley. While his verse is not "musical" in the tightly patterned sense of balladry, his precise and economical use of language encourages rhythmic innovations comparable to those of twentieth-century musical pioneers such as the composer Anton Webern or the bebop drummer Max Roach. The author argues that brevity and ellipsis are integral to a modernism best approached through the modernist dictum Dichten = condensare (to poetize is to condense).


A composite of rice husk (RH), caustic soda and aluminium oxide was synthesized at 500°C. The activated carbon and amorphous silica dispersed over the aluminium oxide selectively adsorbed uranium in the presence of other elements. At equilibrium time 1 h, phase ratio S/L (0.1 g/10 ml), pH = 5 and uranium initial concentration 120.6 mg/l uranium adsorption efficiency was 96.35%. The uranium stripping efficiency from the load RHA–alumina composite fulfilled 99.9% at 1 h equilibrium time, a phase ratio (S/A) of 0.05 g/10 ml and 0.5 mol/l HNO3. The scanning electron microscopy photos revealed that the rice husk ash (RHA)–alumina composite has vacant or regular cavities before the adsorption, and the cavities are fully occupied by uranium after adsorption. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows a more broadening of the band υ = 3526 and 3462 cm−1 which was ascribed to the uranium adsorption. The composite adsorbed 93.75% of uranium from a waste sample. The uranium adsorption exhibited a Langmuir isotherm.


We give a systematic theory of Prüfer-like domains using ideal systems on commutative cancellative monoids. Based on criteria for mixed invertibility of ideals, we unify and generalize characterizations of various classes of Prüfer-like monoids and domains and furnish them with new proofs. In particular, we generalize and extend criteria for v-domains recently proved by D.D. Anderson, D.F. Anderson, M. Fontana and M. Zafrullah.


Tumor-specific CD8 T cells (TST) found in patients with cancer are dysfunctional and unable to halt cancer progression. TST dysfunction, also known as exhaustion, is encoded by specific epigenetic and transcriptional programs and thought to be induced by chronic antigen stimulation. Using a genetic liver cancer mouse model, we followed the fate of naïve TST in tumor-bearing hosts. Strikingly, we found that within hours after encountering tumor antigen, TST lost effector function, expressed high levels of inhibitory receptors, and displayed chromatin peak accessibility changes previously characterized in late-stage dysfunction. This rapid onset challenges the paradigm that chronic antigen/T cell receptor stimulation is required to induce dysfunction/exhaustion. Moreover, dysfunction-associated epigenetic features were established even prior to cell division, opposing the prevailing notion that cell divisions are required for epigenetic remodeling and T cell differentiation. To determine whether these early dysfunction hallmarks were "imprinted", we reisolated TST from malignant lesions and transferred them into antigen-free hosts. While loss of effector function was imprinted within hours of tumor exposure, other dysfunctional hallmarks, including PD1 expression, required several days of tumor exposure and additional chromatin remodeling to become stably encoded. Our study reveals the rapid induction and epigenetic remodeling which underlies TST commitment to the dysfunctional fate, highlighting the need to target early activation-induced pathways to improve anti-cancer T cell immunity.
 Supported by T32GM007347-43


using BIOLOG EcoPlates'i'"', Both the litter and nutrient additions significantly increased color dcvelopment in most ef the wells in the BIOLOG microplates, with the effect of the latter being especial]y great for soils amended witb plant leaves low in nutrients. Nitrogen addition to soils decreased the color development of some nitrogenous substrates. Litter type had a dorninant etTect on the CLPPs. The addition of nitrogen also strongly affected the CLPPs.


Today, women represent more than 50% of the world's population, yet in no country do they represent nearly half of the corporate managers. According to the United Nation's fourth Conference on Women, women hold only 14% of the top managerial positions in business and only 10% of national legislative seats. Barriers to women's entry into senior management, otherwise known as the "glass ceiling", exist across the globe, and in some areas of the world it is worse than in others. Despite recent progress in most countries, women's advancement in the business arena has been slow. As we are into the 21st century, companies will need to increasingly reflect diversity in their workforce and management can no longer afford to ignore the positive impact women can make.


In his book 'Why Poor People Stay Poor'the author has argued that urban bias is the moving force behind needlessly slow and inequitable growth in contemporary developing countries. This claim is defended against three main criticisms: that the methods chosen to test it are not appropriate; that the evidence tendered is not relevant or sufficient; and that the rural‐urban polarity is not clear‐cut or does not represent the prime conflict within contemporary developing countries.


Abstract The authors of the article analyze the effect of corruption on foreign direct investments in most corrupt European Union countries. Corruption in the context of the analysis is understood as an act where government officials enter into an agreement with a foreign investors against the interest of society. It takes place when illegal payments for government are made. Such payments acts as an additional tax on investments in foreign country, thus decreasing attractiveness of investment for foreign investors. There are various types of corruption, but most common classification include grand corruption, petty corruption and public sector corruption. However, this article focuses on the effect of grand corruption, because it directly affects FDI inflows in particular country. Results of the research made by the authors shows that corruption has adverse effect on FDI inflows, however particular corrupt actions may postively effect FDI inflows. In order to determine corruption effect on FDI in corrupt EU countries statistical analysis of 2000-2014 period has been implemented and conceptual model of effect on FDI created. Santrauka Straipsnyje autoriai nagrineja korupcijos itaka tiesioginems uzsienio investicijoms labiausiai korumpuotose Europos Sajungos salyse. Sio tyrimo kontekste korupcija apibreziama kaip jvykis, kai valdininkas pasiekia susitarima su uzsienio investuotoju prioriteta suteikdamas savo asmeniniams, bet ne visuomenes interesams. Korupcija vyksta, kai atliekami nelegalus mokejimai valdininkui uz paslauga. Jie uzsienio investuotojams reiskia papildomus kastus ir tai mazina salies patraukluma uzsienio investicijoms. Mokslineje literaturoje korupcija skaidoma i ivairius tipus, taciau dazniausiai tiriama didzioji korupcija, smulkioji korupcija bei viesojo sektoriaus korupcija. Siame straipsnyje analizuojamas didziosios korupcijos daromas poveikis, nes ji tiesiogiai veikia tiesiogines uzsienio investicijas. Autoriu atliktas tyrimas parode, kad korupcija daro neigiama poveiki TUI lygiui salyje, taciau tam tikri korupciniai veiksniai gali ir paskatinti TUI. Siekiant ivertinti koki poveiki korupcija daro tiesioginems uzsienio investicijoms Europos Sajungos salyse buvo atlikta 2000-2014 metu periodo statistine analize ir sukurtas korupcijos poveikio TUI konceptualus modelis. Keywords foreign direct investment corruption grand corruption corrupt countries European Union Reiksminiai zodziai tiesiogines uzsienio investicijos korupcija didzioji korupcija korumpuotos salys Europos Sajunga JEL Classification D73, F21, F23, H54 Introduction In the 1990s new European Union member states signed bilateral agreements, which liberalized 85% of trade between the two blocks and therefore since the mid-1990s, the number of foreign firms and the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) have risen sharply in the new Member States (European Union Communication from the Commission to the Council 2006). Multiple researches have been conducted by scholars and scientists, as this growth led to analysis of foreign direct investment determinants. It is seen that multiple indicators can cause fluctuations of foreign direct investments. However, only recently corruption has been introduced as one of the focal determinants of FDI inflows. It may not only directly influence changes of FDI, but may also affect economic growth, unemployment (Vojtovic and Krajnakova 2013) or other economic variables, which subsequently may lower the inflows of FDI. Though, in the context of this article, direct effect of corruption on FDI is being analysed, rather than corruption effect on multiple economic indicators. The problem and novelty of the study. From the beginning of political economy science, corruption has been seen as a major issue and multiple scientists have analysed it in their researches. Multiple articles exist about corruption effect on economic growth, distortion of free market or other economic factors. …


Inorganic layers, such as SiOxNy and SiOx deposited using plasma sublimation method, were tested as passivation layer for organic thin-film-transistors (OTFTs). OTFTs with bottom-gate and bottom-contact structure were fabricated using pentacene as organic semiconductor and an organic gate insulator. SiOxNy layer gave little change in characteristics of OTFTs, but SiOx layer degraded the performance of OTFTs severely. Inferior barrier properties related to its lower film density, higher water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and damage due to process environment of oxygen of SiOx film could explain these results. Polyurea and polyvinyl acetates (PVA) were tested as organic passivation layers also. PVA showed good properties as a buffer layer to reduce the damage come from the vacuum deposition process of upper passivation layers. From these results, a multilayer structure with upper SiOxNy film and lower PVA film is expected to be a superior passivation layer for OTFTs.


For a long time, it has been well recognized that there exists a deep link between the fast vibrational excitations and the slow diffusive dynamics in glass-forming systems. However, it remains as an open question whether and how the short-time scale dynamics associated with vibrational intrabasin excitations is related to the long-time dynamics associated with diffusive interbasin hoppings. In this paper we briefly review the research progress that addresses this challenge. By identifying a structural order parameter—local connectivity of a particle which is defined as the number of nearest neighbors having the same local spatial symmetry, it is found that the local connectivity can tune and modulate both the short-time vibrational dynamics and the long-time relaxation dynamics of the studied particles in a model of metallic supercooled liquid. Furthermore, it reveals that the local connectivity leads the long-time decay of the correlation functions to change from stretched exponentials to compressed ones, indicating a dynamic crossover from diffusive to hyperdiffusive motions. This is the first time to report that in supercooled liquids the particles with particular spatial symmetry can present a faster-than-exponential relaxation that has so far only been reported in out-of-equilibrium materials. The recent results suggest a structural bridge to link the fast vibrational dynamics to the slow structural relaxation in glass-forming systems and extends the compressed exponential relaxation phenomenon from earlier reported out-of-equilibrium materials to the metastable supercooled liquids.


A variety of issues must be addressed in development of software for information resources. One is accessibility and use of information. Another is that to properly design, abstract, index, and do quality control on a database requires the effort of well-trained and knowledgeable personnel as well as substantial financial resources. Transferring data to other locations has inherent difficulties, including those related to incompatibility. The main issue in developing health risk assessment databases is the needs of the user.


Mesozoic igneous rocks occur in various tectonic units of the Intra-Carpathian Area of Eastern Europe. These rocks were situated several hundred km apart from one another during their formation, and subsequent large lateral displacements resulted in their present positions. They formed during a relatively wide temporal range (Middle Triassic to Late Cretaceous) through different petrogenetic processes associated with the Mesozoic evolution of the northwestern part of Tethys. In the Transdanubian subunit of the Alcapa block, Middle Triassic calc-alkaline, intermediate-to-acidic, and potassic rocks occur as pyroclastics, lava flows, and dikes in the Bakony and Buda mountains. The Gemer-Bukk subunit of the Alcapa block comprises two different igneous series: (1) slightly metamorphosed Middle Triassic volcanic rocks of the Eastern Bukk Mountains, which can be divided into an older (Anisian-Early Ladinian) calc-alkaline, intermediate-to-acidic volcanic series and a younger (Late Ladinian) alkaline basaltic ser...


The influence of laser irradiation in ultraviolet region of spectrum on the optical properties of the cadmium telluride surface layers has been investigated. It was found that the properties of the cadmium telluride surface layers determined by the recombination with the participation of band-band transition and through the local levels. These local levels determined the processes of the reversible in time photoluminescent relaxation.


As the development of the slurry pipeline transportation system complexity and intelligent,it is more difficult to establish the reliability of the system.This pape take advantage of the descriptions of dynamic systems of stochastic failure petri net,applying in the field of slurry pipeline transport system reliability analysis.At same time,with the combination of Markov theory, it established the model of the hydraulic system reliability analysis.The feasibility and availability of the method is proved through an example of hydraulic system of slurry pipeline transportation.


GCMS - QP5050A is used to determine the composition and content of the halogenated hydrocarbon isomeric compound. According to the relative intensity and base peak of mass chromatography, these structures are proved by artificial analysis. In this study, the old method of deltermining the structure of isomerric compound has been changed by using modern analysis instrument.


In order to predict the pollution of underground aquifers and rivers by the proposed project, Specialized hydrogeological investigation was carried out. After hydrogeological surveying and mapping, drilling, and groundwater level monitoring, the scope of the hydrogeological unit and the regional hydrogeological condition were found out. The permeability coefficients of the aquifers were also obtained by borehole water injection tests. In order to predict the impact on groundwater environment by the project, a GMS software was used in numerical simulation. The simulation results show that when unexpected sewage leakage accident happened, the pollutants will be gradually diluted by groundwater, and the diluted contaminants will slowly spread to southeast with groundwater flow, eventually they are discharged into Gantang River. However, the process of the pollutants discharging into the river is very long, the long-term dilution of the river water will keep Gantang River from being polluted.


After analyzing properties of common acrylic presented some development idea for acrylic yarns,and cing acrylic yarns with cotton spinning equipment. fibers and high-shrinkage acryilic fibers,the paper also emphatically discussed the technology of produ-


Abstract The discovery of the Dover boat (1550 cal BC) suggests that contemporary models of MBA social structure, focused on the extended family group, are not the whole story. Surely such vessels did not serve a single household; many people would have been involved in its construction and supplying its crew, whilst its very existence implies long-distance contact between wider level social polities. Who had the expertise to build such a vessel and sail it across the open seas? Taking the Dover boat as a starting point, this paper speculates on the nature of social structure during the Middle Bronze Age.


Side-channel attack is a commonly used attack method for recovering cryptographic chip keys, and plays an important role in the field of cryptographic chip physical security evaluation. Combining side-channel attacks with machine learning and replacing some steps of traditional side-channel attacks with machine learning methods can improve the efficiency of key-recovery from side-channel attacks to a certain extent. In practice, there is a problem that most existing cryptographic chip security evaluation systems cannot support the complete key recovery process, and fully improve the utilization of side information generated in the evaluation process. In this paper, we design a cryptographic chip physical security evaluation system based on machine learning. Through the integrated operation of power trace acquisition, preprocessing, analysis and evaluation, the correct key can be successfully recovered.


In the analysis of massive volume data, a neural network model is a useful tool. To implement the Neural network model, it is important to select initial value. Since the initial values are generally used as random value in the neural network, the convergent performance and the prediction rate of model are not stable. To overcome the drawback a possible method use samples randomly selected from the whole data set. That is, coefficients estimated by logistic regression based on the samples are the initial values.


The present invention provides a laser night vision device for displaying orientation coordinates and coordinate automatic emendation. The machine comprises a shield and a holder which are installed together; the shield is internally provide in parallel with a shield main board PCB; the shield main board PCB is provided with a master control MCU and an MENS sensor; the MENS sensor is internally provided with a three-shaft magnetometer and a three-shaft gravity accelerometer; the MENS sensor communicates with the master control MCU through I2C; and the shield main board PCB is connected with a camera, a lens, a laser and a focusing assembly through the interface of the shield main board PCB. Compared with the prior art, a high-precision magnetometer and a gravity accelerometer sensor are employed to automatically correct the horizontal orientation and the vertical angle of the laser night vision device with no need for human correction and restarting the device for solving the accumulation error, the horizontal orientation and the vertical angle may be accurately displayed, and the tedious maintenance is removed.


The main conditions of design the channel are introduced in the paper and the study on the optimum design for the channel are given according to the requirements of the port side and the limitation of the special geographic location.


The aim of the present case report is to introduce a modified and innovative design for effective habit breaking with minimal patient discomfort. Abnormal oral habits are one of the major etiological factors in malocclusion. The harmful, unbalanced pressure bears upon the immature, highly malleable alveolar ridges and brings about potential changes in the position of teeth and occlusion. These habits can also cause behavioral problems and are socially unacceptable. Various methods and appliances are used to break the abnormal oral habits, as a part of treatment of malocclusion. The traditional habit-breaking appliances used so far can cause irritation to the tongue, subsequently leading to ulceration and in addition can also cause mastication and speech problems. The appliance is a regular Hawley's appliance with the addition of the light-emitting diode bulb and the switch. When the child's tongue or the finger touches the appliance, the light bulb gets illuminated, thus reminding the child to quit the habit. The said appliance utilizes easily available electrical gadgets that will function by disturbing the subconsciously built vicious cycle. The reminders send by its activation will break the pleasure perception obtained during the habit. Habit breaking through this appliance is effective as it is superior to other appliances in the mode of action as well as the design itself is attractive to the children.


This paper introduces the PlaceMemo prototype, a system developed to support road inspectors in their daily work. The concept is based on an ethnographic study conducted at the Swedish National Road Administration-Production during 2000. PlaceMemo supports the articulation work, allowing road inspectors to save, and share, interpretations of objects in their geographically widespread working area. Once an interpretation has been accomplished, the inspectors will have the possibility to retrieve the information when being in the vicinity of the tagged object. The system is supposed to complement the existing formal reporting tool (ProData), which mainly facilitates the administrative work.


In patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy for various types of cancers, there are evidences of nephrotoxicity associated with serum electrolytes imbalance. In India there is no data to indicate the effect of cisplatin chemotherapy on serum electrolytes concentrations.


e20568 Background: Many targeted therapy clinical trials require a somatic gene mutation/alteration for eligibility. We assessed the feasibility of leveraging Real-World Data (RWD) to enrol NSCLC patients into clinical trials. Methods: US insurance claims data were extracted to identify lung cancer patients. These data were matched with EMR data also containing NSCLC patients' details regarding the occurrence and results of molecular testing for EGFR, ALK, ROS1, JAK2, HER2 and RET somatic alterations, achieving a level of granular detail beyond that available in each individual dataset. A one-year extraction period was applied, with no gender or age restrictions. Results: Results for the matched dataset are summarised in the table below - the overall patient record match was 89.6%. Conclusions: The observed prevalence correlated reasonably well with literature reported prevalence for the molecular biomarkers associated commercially available targeted therapies in NSCLC (EGFR, ALK, ROS1). The sample size for the remaining biomarkers was too small to draw conclusions, though the presence of data correlating to these is of interest, considering that there are no currently approved targeted therapies in NSCLC tailored to these predictive biomarkers. This approach could be expanded upon to recruit patients into targeted therapy clinical trials as the dataset is fully linkable to sites and investigators. With the emergence of broad genomic profiling, the availability of molecular data to support clinical trial enrolment is also expected to grow.[Table: see text]


Rapid depletion of conventional energy sources, along with increasing demand for energy is a matter of serious concern for the mankind. The factor that petroleum based fuels will neither be available in sufficient quantities nor at a reasonable price in future, has revived interest in exploring the use of alternative fuels. It is essential that these alternative fuels for engine should be drive from indigenous sources and preferable renewable energy sources. In this work, experiments are conducted by varying quantity of pilot fuel and speed with engine load constant In the present work, the emission characteristics of CI engine are computed using CNG as the main fuel and diesel as the pilot fuel of dual fuel mode. From the experimental investigations, it is concluded that the emissions like NOx, HC, CO and CO2 are lower compared to diesel engine.


A coating composition comprising a silylated polyvinyl alcohol, a colloidal silica and a water-dispersible or water-soluble aminoplast resin in an aqueous vehicle may be coated on a substrate with a layer of an inorganic compound to form a gas barrier lamella.


Funding information National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: U1909217, U1709208; Zhejiang Special Support Program for High-level Personnel Recruitment of China, Grant/Award Number: 2018R52034; Wenzhou Key Innovation Project for Science and Technology of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 2018ZG023, ZG2019018 Abstract Conventional signal processing techniques for fault detection are usually aimed at constant speed conditions. Nowadays, order tracking, especially tacho-less order tracking is regarded as a valuable tool for extracting fault features under variable rotational speed conditions. Therefore, a teager energy operator (TEO)-based modified Laplacian of Gaussian filter is proposed to enhance the fault detection behaviour of tacho-less order tracking. This method consists of four steps: First, multi-synchrosqueezing transform is employed to estimate and then extract the instantaneous rotation frequency of a shaft. Second, based on the extracted curve, the non-stationary domain signal is converted into a quasi-stationary domain by the re-sampling technique. Third, the obtained quasi-stationary domain signal is de-noise by the novel method. Finally, fault characteristic orders are extracted via envelope order spectrum analysis method and the performance is significantly improved. The results of numerical simulation and experimental investigations are performed to validate the superiority of the novel method for fault extraction under variable rotational speed conditions.


A coupled-mode theory proposed by A. Hardy and W. Streifer (J. Lightwave Technol., vol.3, p.1135-46, 1985) and step-like approximation are used in this analysis. Comparison between the present result and the previous one indicates that the present approach is more useful, especially in case of strong coupling. >


The Central Bureau continues to promote the IGS organization, data and data products as setting the world standard for GPS/GNSS geodetic applications as outlined in the IGS Strategic Plan. The Central Bureau was responsible for the organization of the strategic planning process, preparation of all documents, and the editing and publication of the plan. This was a major activity and the Board s consensus on the plan is a significant milestone in the evolution of the IGS. The Central Bureau is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Service. With 200 organizations in over 80 countries and a ground network of approx. 350 stations, this requires daily interfaces on many different levels globally. The separate summary of the IGS Network Coordinator is included in this annual report and demonstrates the vital technical tasks of the Central Bureau. The CB is also responsible to arrange and organize all Board activities and is involved in the supporting the planning and logistics of all IGS workshops and meetings.


A topic of interdisciplinary research in neurobiology and neuroinformatics concerns visual pattern recognition by neuronal networks. Drawing on quantitative studies of visual releasers of prey catching in toads, it can be shown that moving objects are classified based on an evaluation of certain configurational features. The information regarding these features is provided in the manner of parallel distributed processing within a retino-pretectal-tectal interacting network. This processing structure is, to a considerable extent, modifiable and adaptive. Associative and nonassociative learning processes take advantage of loop operations involving various forebrain structures. An artificial neuronal net, applying some principles of the toad's visual system, is tested to promote the dialogue between neurobiology and engineering.


1.1 This practice covers the performance of mechanical tests on materials being irradiated with charged particles. These tests are designed to simulate or provide understanding of, or both, the mechanical behavior of materials during exposure to neutron irradiation. Practices are described that govern the test material, the particle beam, the experimental technique, and the damage calculations. Reference should be made to other ASTM standards, especially Practice E521. Procedures are described that are applicable to creep and creep rupture tests made in tension and torsion test modes.


Hematological analysis in cattle is an important basis for determining physiological conditions, biomedical study, and veterinary clinical diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the comparison of hematological values between Simmental-Ongole crossbreed (SimPO) and Ongole crossbreed (PO) cattle reared semi-intensively in oil palm plantations area. A total of 70 blood samples were collected from 35 female SimPO and 35 female PO cattle aged ± 3,5 years who reared from the same area. Blood samples were collected via the coccygeal vein as much as 3 ml, performed at 07.00 in the morning before being grazed on oil palm plantations. Blood samples were collected using a vacutainer tube containing Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetic Acid (EDTA) for further analysis using a hematology analyzer. Data from hematological examination results were then analyzed using an independent sample t-test with a significance level of p < 0,05. In results, reported that there were no significant differences in several hematological parameters that have been analyzed. We can conclude that there was no substantial hematological level in the SimPO and PO cattle reared semi-intensively on oil palm plantations.


In 1996 Kathie Lee Gifford made frontpage news. The well-liked television personality had lent her name to a discount line of women's clothing that, it was discovered, had been made by underage Central American workers. That same year, the Walt Disney Company was exposed contracting with Haitian suppliers who paid their workers less than Haiti's minimum wage of $2.40 a day. Nike and Reebok, makers of perhaps the world's most popular athletic footwear, were similarly and repeatedly exposed.


: When ZAW was founded in 1881, the »Newest Documentary Hypothesis « was on the way to victory. Of course a glance at the history of research shows that the Documentary, Fragment and Supplementary Hypotheses were generally combined together, and this is also the case with most of the »new departures« discussed in research today. To that extent the version of the Docu-mentary Hypothesis propounded by B. Schwartz, J. Baden and others makes a rather dated impression. After a critical review of the currently popular theories about the Pentateuch, three issues are examined, with reference to texts such as Gen 15, Ex 3 and 6, Dtn 34 and Jos 24: the independence of the patriarchal and Exodus traditions, the nature of the so-called »Priestly Writing«, and the alternative »Pentateuch or Hexateuch«. It appears that the most persuasive explanation for the origin of the Pentateuch is still, as it was 125 years ago, a combination of the three types of hypothesis.


PURPOSE Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor, like other common cancers, it displays a wide range of biology. However, at present, there are no reliable tests to predict patients' cancer-specific outcomes and guide personalized treatment decisions. In this study, we aim to identify such biomarkers in resectable PDAC by studying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD44 gene, which drives the progression of pancreatic cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 348 PDAC patients from three independent cohorts (Switzerland, Germany, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)) who underwent pancreatic resection are included in the study. Information on the haplotype structure of the CD44 gene is obtained using 1000 Genomes Project data and the genotypes of the respective tagging SNPs are determined. Cox proportional hazards models are utilized to analyze the impact of SNP genotype on patients' survival. RESULTS We identify a SNP in the CD44 gene (SNPrs187115) that independently associates with allelic differences in prognosis in all study cohorts. Specifically, in 121 Swiss patients, we observe an up-to 2.38-fold (p=0.020) difference in tumor-related death between the genotypes of SNPrs187115. We validate those results in both the German (hazard ratio (HR)=2.32, p=0.044, 101 patients) and the TCGA cohort (HR=2.36, p=0.044, 126 patients). CONCLUSIONS CD44 SNPrs187115 can serve as a novel biomarker readily available at the time of PDAC diagnosis that identifies patients at risk for faster tumor progression and guide personalized treatment decisions. It has the potential to significantly expand the pool of patients that would benefit from tumor resection. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0058 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-125693 Accepted Version Originally published at: Stracquadanio, Giovanni; Vrugt, Bart; Flury, Renata; Schraml, Peter; Würl, Peter; Müller, Thomas H; Knippschild, Uwe; Henne-Bruns, Doris; Breitenstein, Stefan; Clavien, Pierre-Alain; Graf, Rolf; Bond, Gareth L; Grochola, Lukasz F (2016). CD44 SNP rs187115: A novel biomarker signature that predicts survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clinical Cancer Research:31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0058 1 CD44 SNP: A novel biomarker signature that predicts survival in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Giovanni Stracquadanio, Bart Vrugt, Renata Flury, Peter Schraml, Peter Würl, Thomas H. Müller, Uwe Knippschild, Doris Henne-Bruns, Stefan Breitenstein, PierreAlain Clavien, Rolf Graf, Gareth L. Bond, Lukasz F. Grochola Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland ; Institute for Pathology, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Diakoniekrankenhaus Halle, Germany; German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany; Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Department of Visceraland Thoracic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. Running title: CD44 SNP predicts survival in PDAC


Further miniaturization of large scaled integrated circuit is hinder by ability to overcome some difficulties with narrower junction formation. A Low energy ion implantation is the most commonly considered the technique of this time but this techniques full with unrealistic limitation where crystal damage is unavoidable and this limitation further aggravated by lacking using for different materials with different grain sizes. To overcome this problem, a simulation study of shallow -ve junction formation was conducted for phosphorous diffusion on a silicon substrate. An ultra high shallow junction formation of <; 40 nm depth was obtained. The study highlight the improvement made over our previous work conducted for the same material. This economical spin-on dopants (SOD) technique is proven as one of promising solution for future generation's device miniaturization with little or no device structural damage.


The paper shows the thermodynamic properties of alloys Fe-Cr-C, Fe-Ni-C system using modeling and simulation approach. The thermo-calc software with databases is utilized for calculations and results. The calculation shows alloying at (1900K-2000K) temperature range. The atmospheric pressure is kept constant 106 Pascal. The active phase at 1900K is liquid phase with 1.00 mass % for C compositions. The total Gibbs energy is found decreasing in the Fe-Ni-C system, which shows the stability of the system. The solubility of Cr is found less than the solubility of Ni in the Fe-C system as investigated during activities simulations. The enthalpy and entropy of the system is found of the near linear relation with temperature raise and coupling properties of the alloying.BCC of entropy is more responsive than BCC of enthalpy during alloying. The Fe-Ni-C shows negative deviations from Raoults law and corresponding positive deviations from vegard's and Henry law. The withstanding phase is graphite with highest thermal expansion coefficient. The highest T-zero fluctuations is noted in the Fe-Cr-C system. The alloy shows the less solubility of the carbon at low temperature, while results the great alloying at higher temperature in the Fe-Ni-C system better industrial aspects.


There is starting to be an appreciation of the importance of industrial design to the global economy. A variety of scholarly articles and government reports (outside of the U.S.) note the link between economic performance and good design. It is also clear that counterfeiting is rising as the greatest threat for innovative design-intensive industries. In the U.S., in contrast to all European and the majority of other countries around the world, the legal system provides no specific protection for market-entry design. U.S. law's lack of protection for market-entry design does not arise because Congress has never considered providing legal protection for design. There have been attempts over the years to pass a design law. Most recently fashion designers have taken up this cause. This paper discusses the growing importance of industrial design to the global economy and reviews the development of international legal protection for industrial design since the early twentieth century in order to put forward three arguments: First, the rise in counterfeiting and design piracy is detrimental to both designers and consumers and requires a legislative response from Congress. Second, a review of international design laws shows some clear areas of agreement emerging in international treaties on the legal principles that should govern the protection of industrial design. Third, a U.S. design protection law can be constructed that will fit comfortably within existing U.S. legal principles and be consistent with U.S. obligations under international design laws.


International forecasts are proceeding from the assumption: demand is growing to a beverage foods and stuffs that offer complementary benefit to health. The branch of the Kyrgyzstan that the issuing the soft drinks, to be a large-scale and important economics sector. The competition, that existent at the given branch, is considered in present article with its plus and defect.


With the implementation of the reform on the department budget preparation, comprehensive budget of the universities has beeen regulated. However, the construction of the responsibility budgeting system of university is still falling short of the requirement of the reform. Based on the deep analysis of the main issues incurred in the responsibility budgeting practice of university, this paper focuses on the construction and implementation of the responsibility budgeting system of university under the background of the finance reform, and tries to make suggestions with the purpose of improving the responsibility budgeting system so as to fulfill the requirement of the reform.


This invention relates to a super-concentrated high-density solid synthetic detergent, which is suitable for micro-amount washing and can release its components in water at normal temperature or even below as predetermined. The detergent is suitable for washing fabrics by hand washing, traditional washing machines or washing-powder-free environmentally friendly washing machines.


The article analyzes in detail one of the works of Rodolfo Kusch, Esbozo para una antropologia filosofica americana (Sketch for an American Philosophical Anthropology), intending to lay the methodological foundations of a proposed analysis of anthropological discourse, describing the human condition characteristic of the Latin America peoples without falling into the two traditional positions, namely, the philosophical foundation of the question: What is man?, mode of action that usually builds a universal vision of men, regardless of cultural differences that is, values, symbols and traditions that cement from the base to the having of individuals inhabiting a people, and on the other hand, looking at the problem beyond the scientific anthropology, which tends to epistemically undermine cultural expressions which show the symbolics of a community, in its practices and especially in its language, where the ontological meaning and foundation of American culture dwells.


The effect of time on the viscosity of solutions of 0.50--1.0 weight % polyacrylamide copolymers containing 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)ethyl acrylate (FOSA) comonomer units was monitored at constant shear rates varying from 0.60 to 3.0 sec{sup {minus}1}. The viscosities decreased to a plateau over a period of about thirty minutes. The copolymer solutions sheared at much higher shear rates of 24 sec{sup {minus}1} showed pronounced shear thinning but regained most of their original viscosities after standing for 20 minutes. Heating the solutions less than one hour caused an increase in the low shear viscosity whereas longer heating times decreased solution viscosities presumably due to hydrolysis of the acrylate groups. Addition of beta-cyclodextrin to solutions of the hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide resulted in sharply decreased copolymer viscosities at cyclodextrin concentrations on the order of about 10{sup {minus}3} M. The above is consistent with competitive hydrophobic association of the perfluorocarbon groups of the copolymer with the cyclodextrin disrupting the mutual association of the perfluorocarbon groups.


bibliography alone is almost a lifetime's worth of study, varying from the generic to the highly advanced. There are, inevitably, some issues with the collection. To my mind, the omission of symmetry (especially the contribution of Emmy Noether, but also in solid state physics and the role of group theory in modern particle physics) causes two concerns. One is that it misses a chance to show how science advanced mathematics, the other is the importance of the mathematics generated in the last 100 years. It is a strong and valid criticism of school science and maths that a student's studies rarely take them beyond the mid-19th century except at a very superficial level, and that our curricula are often diverted by the more glamorous and high profile areas of science. Whilst there is an argument for attracting people into STEM subjects there is also a case for preparing students for what they will really let themselves in for. Readers will need to be guided to follow the many references in order to get that 'value added' but the references are there and the reader is frequently invited, nay encouraged, to follow them. Indeed, the danger is that the book is so readable and engrossing that the footnotes and bibliography could be overlooked. As an overview and to give students the spirit of enquiry, the fun of studying, this is an excellent guide. In addition it is a very human story, centred on people and putting aside the myth of knowledge advancing rather than it being advanced. Pask is an antidote to the passive voice which is still so prevalent in our world. The particular importance of this in attracting more women into STEM should not be underrated. If it is used well, this will be a valuable resource to help the enquiring student and also to revive a teacher's interest in their subject − everyone will learn something from this book, almost certainly outside their specialism. If it is not, then I fear that it would be read superficially, as little more than anecdotes, and Pask's wealth of research and knowledge will not be appreciated, and so I urge readers to not only enjoy Great Calculations but to use everything it delivers so delightfully. 10.1017/mag.2016.132 KEN ZETIE St Paul's School, Lonsdale Road, SW13 9JT e-mail: email@example.com