29 pat. with TS were-studied: 20 pat. with 45,XO karyotyping (group I): mean chronol. age (CA) 14.1 ± 0.5 (SEM), bone age (BA) 11.1 ± 0.3 yrs., 9 pat. were mosaics (group II): mean CA 14.2 ± 0.6, BA 12.0 + 0.4 yrs. Oxandrolone dosage was 0.1 mg/kg/day, treatment period was 1 t o 6 years.In group I pretreatment growth velocity (GV) 2.8 ± 0.3 increased to 5.3 ± 0.3 and 5.0 ± 0.3 cm/yr. during first and second 6 months of therapy (TH). Afterwards GV slowly declined to 2.1 ± 0.4 after 5 yrs. of TH. BA velocity was 0.71 ± 0.1 "yrs."/yr. during first year of TH, declining to 0.21 ± 0.07 at 5 yrs. of TH. Pretreatment height age/BA ratio 0.86 ± 0.02 was increased to 0.92. Pretreatment height standard deviation score (SDS) for CA −3.34 ± 0.17 was reduced to −2.63 ± 0.41 at 5 yrs. of TH, pretreatment height SDS for BA −1.39 ± 0.17 was diminished to −1.02 ± 0.32. In 11 of 20 pat. TH was finished after 4.0 years (1.5 − 6.0):CA 18.1 ± 0.4, BA 13.4 ± 0.1 yrs., height 149.2 cm (143.4 − 155.5 cm), height SDS (CA) −2.17 ± 0.19. In 6 of these 11 pat. height was above 150 cm. Similar but less pronounced results were found in group II. - There was a significant negative correlation between pretreatment BA and GV under oxandrolone in all TS pat. (r= -0.61, p < 0.001). - Side effects: In 6 of 29 pat. a small transient increase in transarninases.Thus, oxandrolone improved final height in many pat. with TS.


Introduction There is limited research on the occurrence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after urethral surgery in women. SUI in this setting may result from direct damage to the urethral sphincter, damage to the urethral supports, or damage to the neurovascular structures. Indications for urethral surgery in women are uncommon, and it is often hard to counsel women on the risk of SUI. In some cases, concomitant anti-incontinence surgery is routinely offered, which may or may not be necessary. The objective of our study was to describe the incidence of either de novo or worsening of pre-existing SUI after urethral surgery in women.


A model is proposed for a general activated complex AXB in oxidation-reduction reactions involving two metal ions (A) and (B). The symbol (X) would indicate the anions or other groupings which might be present, and which ordinarily would be complexed to the metals separately. The effectiveness of (X) is related to its ability to be oxidized or reduced in itself. In the case that (X) consists of oxidizable anions, the probability of electron transfer from (X) to the oxidizing metal (A) is correlated with the strength (energy) of the bond between (X) and (A). Two previous explanations of the catalytic effect of anions on such reactions are discussed, and some experiments outlined will test the validity of the proposed model.


The invention provides a multi-functional sucker which belongs to suction devices, and is characterized in that an inverted T-shaped main piston is arranged inside the inner cavity and is provided with an upper step through-hole and an lower step through-hole; an inner cup is arranged at the bottom of the main piston; an outer cup, a liquid-storage bag and an extrusion bowl are arranged on the lower end of the periphery of the main piston cylinder; an inverted T-shaped piston is arranged through the upper and the lower step through-holes and is provided with a vertical blind hole and a deflation through-hole; a needle stem with a cone needle at the bottom is arranged in the blind hole and the cone needle is inserted in the deflation through-hole; an inverted cone spring is arranged between the lower round shoulder of the needle stem and the guide sleeve; a cone spring is arranged between the adjusting nut and the upper step through-hole; a pressure plate is arranged on the inner piston and is provided with a pressure cover; a relief hand clasping is hinged with the long arm of trunnion ring inside the pressure plate; a hand clasping is arranged on the adjusting nut of the inner piston; a lifting handle is arranged on the pressure plate. The sucker has a strong absorption capacity, as well as reliability and high working efficiency in transporting uneven flat objects.


Electron microscope sample holding means according to the present invention (80), comprising: a holding portion by the upper diaphragm (20), the sample holding plate (30) and a lower diaphragm member 3 holding portion (40) is formed by assembling sample holder assembly (10); replaceably holding the sample holding portion (8OA) component. Sample holder assembly having a chamber (15) and a flow path (49a) connected to the chamber formed between the diaphragm (25) holding a lower portion of the diaphragm (45) holding the diaphragm upper portion of the separator, the sample will remain mounting (31) of the sample plate protrusion (61) disposed in the small chamber configured. A separator holding an upper portion of the diaphragm, and a sample holding portion of the lower membrane separator, arranged along an optical axis (11) of the electron beam. Thus, microscopic observation can be provided in a gas, liquid, etc. in a special environment, it is easy to observe a specific site, and need not have the electron beam microscope of the separator at each replacement operation viewed sample holding means.


Abstract Aims C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an essential endothelium-derived signalling species that governs vascular homoeostasis; CNP is also expressed in the heart but an intrinsic role for the peptide in cardiac function is not established. Herein, we employ unique transgenic strains with cell-specific deletion of CNP to define a central (patho)physiological capacity of CNP in maintaining heart morphology and contractility. Methods and results Cardiac structure and function were explored in wild type (WT), cardiomyocyte (cmCNP−/−), endothelium (ecCNP−/−), and fibroblast (fbCNP−/−)—specific CNP knockout mice, and global natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B−/−, and NPR-C−/− animals at baseline and in experimental models of myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF). Endothelium-specific deletion of CNP resulted in impaired coronary responsiveness to endothelium-dependent- and flow-mediated-dilatation; changes mirrored in NPR-C−/− mice. Ex vivo, global ischaemia resulted in larger infarcts and diminished functional recovery in cmCNP−/− and NPR-C−/−, but not ecCNP−/−, vs. WT. The cardiac phenotype of cmCNP−/−, fbCNP−/−, and NPR-C−/− (but not ecCNP−/− or NPR-B−/−) mice was more severe in pressure overload- and sympathetic hyperactivation-induced HF compared with WT; these adverse effects were rescued by pharmacological CNP administration in WT, but not NPR-C−/−, mice. At a molecular level, CNP/NPR-C signalling is impaired in human HF but attenuates activation of well-validated pro-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic pathways. Conclusion C-type natriuretic peptide of cardiomyocyte, endothelial and fibroblast origins co-ordinates and preserves cardiac structure, function, and coronary vasoreactivity via activation of NPR-C. Targeting NPR-C may prove an innovative approach to treating HF and ischaemic cardiovascular disorders.


Working capital management (WCM) usually have an essential role to play in a firm's overall performance, especially those of manufacturing sector. The key aim of the current research work is to find the empirical association amid profitability and working capital management of the Food & Personal Care Product sector Pakistani firms. Eight companies are selected randomly as a sample from the firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange. Secondary data for six years, that is, 2010 - 2016 is gathered from the financial reports of these companies and evaluated through Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis techniques, using STATA software. The results prove that Return on Assets (ROA) is negatively correlated with Average Collection Period (ACP) and positively correlated with Inventory Turnover in Days (ITID), Average Payment Period (APP), Current Ratio (CR) and Sales Growth (SG). All the relationships are significant except ITID and SG ones.


Optimizing late N applications in durum wheat is highly needed to obtain adequate protein levels without affecting grain yield. A simple and rapid method for estimating crop yield at flowering stage and crop N status is required to make immediate N application decisions for increasing grain protein content. There were significant differences in grain yield and grain protein among N treatments and durum varieties. Using information on soil properties, weather data, crop management, and variety growth, DSSAT crop model predicted durum grain yield accurately. Canopy reflectance index NDVI at flowering time were closely correlated with crop yield and protein content. The results indicate the potential of using crop models and canopy reflectance index in durum wheat yield prediction and N management.


The mode of treatment used in 6 cases of combined supracondylar fracture of the humerus and ipsilateral forearm fracture is presented. Results were rated good, fair and poor according to both functional and radiological assessments. Three cases were good and 3 fair. One stage reduction of both fractures with plaster of Paris immobilization or olecranon traction has been performed. The results achieved are corresponding with those presented in the bibliography.


This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of dual-polysilicon gated surface channel 0.1㎛ CMOSFETs using BF_2 and arsenic as channel dopants. We have used an LDD structure and 40 Å gate oxide as an insulator. To suppress short channel effects down to 0.1㎛ channel length, shallow source/drain extensions implemented by low energy implantation and SSR(Super Steep Retrograde) channel structure were used. The threshold voltages of fabricated CMOSFETs are 0.6V. The maximum transconductance of nMOSFET is 315 μS/㎛, and that of pMOSFET is 156 μS/㎛. The drain saturation current of 418 μA/㎛, 187 μA/㎛ are obtained. Subthreshold swing is 85mV/dec and 88mV/dec, respectively. DIBL(Drain Induced Barrier Lowering) is below 100mV. In the device with 2000Å thick gate polysilicon, depletion in polysilicon near the gate oxide results in an increase of equivalent gate oxide thickness and degradation of device characteristics. The gate delay time is measured to be 336psec at operation voltage of 2V.


This quantitative study investigates the correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention among employees at PT. X Yogyakarta. Utilizing a correlational design, the researchers sampled 48 participants aged between 21 to 48 years old, employing a saturated sampling technique. The research employed the Turnover Intention scale and the Job Satisfaction scale for measurement. The findings affirm a significant and negative relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention among PT. X Yogyakarta's workforce. In other words, higher job satisfaction levels correspond to lower turnover intention, while lower job satisfaction leads to higher turnover intention. These results have crucial implications for the organization, emphasizing the importance of enhancing job satisfaction to mitigate turnover intentions. By understanding the inverse relationship between these two variables, PT. X Yogyakarta can devise targeted strategies and interventions to improve overall employee satisfaction, consequently reducing turnover rates. It is worth noting that the study's correlational design does not imply causation, and further research might explore the underlying factors that contribute to job satisfaction and turnover intention at PT. X Yogyakarta. Nevertheless, these findings offer valuable insights for the organization to foster a positive work environment, boost employee morale, and retain a committed and satisfied workforce.


We determine the three-body bound states of an atom in a Fermi mixture. Compared to the Efimov spectrum of three atoms in vacuum, we show that the Fermi seas deform the Efimov spectrum systematically. We demonstrate that this effect is more pronounced near unitarity, for which we give an analytical estimate. We show that in the presence of Fermi seas, the three-body bound states obey a generalized discrete scaling law. For an experimental confirmation of our prediction, we propose three signatures of three-body bound states of an ultracold Fermi mixture of Yb isotopes, and provide an estimate for the onset of the bound state and the binding energy.


In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, China's investment in the field of scientific and technological research has gradually increased. Despite the increasing quantity of scientific and technological research achievements year by year, the rate of achievements transformation (AT) in China is still very low. They cannot be transferred spontaneously into practical production and are inseparable from the scientific and technological information (STI) service. The goal of this research is to establish a suitable method to improve services for the government with STI. In this study, effect of integration of science and technology information on achievements transformation is discussed. KEYWORD: Scientific and Technological Information; Integration; Achievements Transformation; China International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science (ITMS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 764 service. As such, effectively connecting the market and technology with STI becomes inevitable in promoting the transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements. However, at the age of big data, we are facing a vast sea of data. Therefore, we have to understand the characteristic of STI and integrate STI before we using it in an effective way. Fig 2. The number change of the China for patent application during 2001 to2008. Fig3. The number change of the China for patent grant during


New polymer-supported palladium complexes with C,N-ligands are easily synthesized and applied efficiently for the Heck reaction of iodobenzene and butylacrylate with high turnover frequencies up to 12 600.


German tourists have accounted for the largest international arrivals on Majorca Island, Spain, for decades. This research intends to understand the trip patterns of German outbound tourists to Majorca. The study takes two different types of surveys at two different consumption stages. The first is to use self-administrated questionnaires to collect the general travel data from those who are taking their trip on Majorca. The second is to deploy a face-to-face interview to measure the current use patterns of those who were returning back to Germany. Results of this research show that more than 84% of German tourists using a rental car regarded renting a car as important or very important for discovering the island and making excursions around the island. Moreover, tourists spend more money in places that are not directly located at the beaches and notably, support the economy of less frequently visited places on Majorca.


Time and time again nursing homes are the implied 'poor providers of care' (News May 12). In County Durham the skill mix in nursing homes is set by the registration and inspection team via a legal staffing letter - and woe betide anyone who falls short!


As the population of US Hispanics grows, the use of Spanish at work is likely to increase. This study tested antecedents and consequences of speaking Spanish at work. Speaking Spanish in general was related to speaking Spanish with customers, co-workers and managers. Density of Spanish-speaking customers was related to speaking Spanish with customers and co-workers, but not with managers. We found no support for work-related outcomes, including perceptions of employability, job satisfaction, job performance and intentions to quit. Future research should investigate whether work-related outcomes are more likely to have impact in cities with lower density of Hispanics in the workplace.


This paper, Through the ways of studying documentary data, inquirying and serching, comparing and analysing, and by analysing the growing trend of developing intangible assets of the large scale games at home and abroad, thinks that the national college students games contain a great developing potatiality on intangible assets, and it is practicable to develop and make use of these assets, then expounds the ways of developing the intangible assets of the national college students' games


The textual category of tonality is considered in the aspect of normativity on the material of response business letters of administrative content. The question is raised about the norm of speech realization of tonality within the framework of this epistolary subgenre. The normative tonality of official responses to citizens' appeals is formed on the basis of a statement of positive facts and logically emotiveness expressed by typed language means and etiquette formulas of business speech. The novelty of the study is related to the consideration of the response business letter based on a citizen's initiative letter (as part of a text pair of letters), as well as the definition of the field composition and communicative content of the tonality category of the subgenre under consideration. The subject-conceptual and dialogue composition of the text of the letter is distinguished, the correct implementation of tonality is demonstrated with a positive resolution of the conflict and in a more complex business situation. Special attention is paid to tonal disharmony in the authority's responses to citizens' appeals. The article presents a list of the author's speech actions, the side effect of which is the undesirable tonality of the business text (excessive use of legal terms and quoting regulations, use of tokens of undefined semantics, communication of unnecessary information, lack of personification, etc.). The importance of tonally correct design of the response business letter is emphasized.


The objective in this thesis was to provide an analytical description of the environment of transition. For this reason an analysis was made of the macro-structural factors that could hinder or facilitate a transition to democracy in South Africa. Macro-structural factors to receive attention are: the weakening demographic base of the whites, the economy and the international environment (in particular economic pressure and international isolation). There were a number of other macro-structural factors that could facilitate, or obstruct South Africa's movement towards a transition to democracy. A changing demographic profile was an important factor, but was closely linked to other factors such as political culture, economic development and crisis, international pressure and regime disunity. A political system provides a framework for the exercise of state power and that for purposes of this discussion a political system is regarded as an aggregate of structures that formulate the relations between the ruler and the ruled. Transition, in turn, is regarded as a process whereby the existing structures are replaced by new ones. In the case of the South African transition, this process was started because it became increasingly difficult for the existing structures of rule to be effective in this sense.


Granular computing as a paradigm is an area frequently studied within the Approximate Reasoning paradigm. Proposed by L. A.Zadeh granular computing has been studied within fuzzy as well as rough set approaches to uncertainty. It is manifest that both theories are immanently related to granulation as fuzzy set theory begins with fuzzy membership functions whose inverse images are prototype granules whereas rough set theory starts with indiscernibility relations whose classes are prototype, or, elementary granules. Many authors have devoted their works to analysis of granulation of knowledge, definitions of granules, methods for combining (fusing) granules into larger objects, applications of granular structures, see, quoted in references works by A. Skowron, T.Y. Lin, Y.Y.Yao, L.Polkowski and others. In this work, the emphasis is laid on granular decision (data) systems: they are introduced, methods of their construction with examples are pointed to, and applications are exhibited; those applications are founded on the basic although often implicit principle of data mining, viz., once a plausible for given data similarity measure is found, objects satisfactorily similar should reveal sufficiently close (or, for that matter identical) class values. In this work, this principle is applied to granules, following the idea presented by L.Polkowski at 2005, 2006 IEEE GrC conferences, that granules built on basis of a similarity relation from a given decision system should consists of objects similar to such a degree that averaging them would lead to new objects which together would constitute a new decision system preserving to a high degree knowledge represented by the original decision system. As knowledge in rough set theory is meant as the classification ability, it seems reasonable to test knowledge content with classifiers as classifier accuracy. This informal idea is tested in this work with some specific tools for granule construction, granular system building, and some well–tested classifiers known in literature for a few data sets from the UCI repository. In the following sections we outline: basic ideas of rough computing, granulation of knowledge, the idea of a granular decision system and we include the results of exemplary tests with real data.


Transaction marketing is a business strategy that focuses on a single "point of sale" transaction. A transaction marks a financial agreement between two parties in which one party receives a financial benefit from the sale of goods and services to the other party. The way to obtain goods in modern society is usually inseparable from transactions, maximizing profits and obtaining more property has become the goal of many businessmen. However, obtaining benefits is not a simple science. It needs to be analyzed from different fields such as cost, research and development, publicity and the focus of this research: buyer psychology. This research paper analyzes the combination of mental accounting and the application of Weber's law in the market through examples of The Coca-Cola Company's development in the Chinese market. Using data and statistical methods to analyze the sales market and sales channels. Finally, it summarizes the suggestions and strategies of Coca-Cola's price increase, price reduction, sales methods and sales channels to provide a reference for sellers, so as to maximize the seller's benefits.


The variable structure control design for single time-delay linear systems is discussed.By employing the fuzzy T-S model,the set of single time-delay linear systems can be integrated into a global model that is equivalent to the single time-delay system.Then for each subsystem we design the variable structure control.Based on the fuzzy logic,a global variable structure controller is designed for single time-delay linear systems.The stability of sliding mode is proven.Simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of this control strategy.


Wireless power transfer via magnetic resonance coupling method has opened a new possibility to the electric vehicle system. It allows the wireless charging system of moving vehicles, using charging lanes. However, although the efficiency of power transmission is relatively high, the efficiency still depends on displacement of coils. There have been several researches on methods to maintain power transmission at the highest efficiency. However, in such systems, the information on system parameter especially coupling coefficients is needed, and in the charging lane system, such information is unlikely to be obtainable without a communication system. Therefore, it has come to attention that parameter estimation is a crucial factor to implement a charging lane system. This paper presents derivations of equations for estimating coupling coefficients in several configurations of wireless power transfer system, using information from only one side, either the transmitting side or the receiving side, of the system. The presented equations are both applicable to the case of single receiving coil and are also generalized for the case of multiple receiving coils. Each equation is verified by both simulations and experiments. An experimental system of the coupling coefficient estimation system is constructed for estimation from the receiving side using a dc/dc converter.


This brief survey is based on the material collected by Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck in 1936/37, 1948/49, and 1955. Station numbers only are cited; they refer to the "Description of new localities" in Volume IV of this series (1953; marine habitats p. 56-77) and to a "Third list of localities" which will be published in a forthcoming volume. Other localities, which are not numbered, are, as a rule, briefly described in the text.
Material assembled by a few other collectors has been added to Hummelinck's collection. The names of the collectors are always mentioned, abbreviated as follows: Av.: R. Aveledo, Caracas Be.: J. G. van den Bergh, Aruba BL.: T. Blok, Curacao Bo.: Mrs van den Bos, St Maarten Co.: R. M. Collens, Tobago Ga.: Wiesje and Hendrikje, the two little daughters of Mr. and Mrs. K. J. van Gaalen, Aruba. Za.: J. S. Zaneveld, Curacao.


Advances in theoretical methods and parallel super computing allow for reliable ab initio simulations of the properties of complex materials. We describe two applications: (i) negative differential resistance (NDR) in self assembled monolayers of ferrocenyl-alkanethiolate on a gold surface, and (ii) interface bonding in polymer/ceramic nanocomposites. Our non-equilibrium Green's function calculations show that electron transport through ferrocenyl-alkanethiolate exhibits strong NDR features at both positive and negative biases, in good agreement with the experimental data. The results suggest that the ferrocenyl group acts like a quantum dot and that the NDR features are due to resonant coupling between the HOMO and the density of states of gold leads. Tuning of the "strength" of the NDR and its implication for the design of molecular devices are also discussed. For polymer/ceramic nanocomposites, we show that direct attachment of alkane chains to ceramic surfaces is not energetically favorable, while silanated chains attach through a bridging OH group with an energy gain


A semiconductor associative memory apparatus using a plurality of memory cells constituting the memory cell is configured to have a first input, a second input and an output, the first input data when the input terminal and the at least one stored data is "1 "and the second input terminal of the input data is" "in the case of the output" 1 1 ", in addition to the case where the output" 0. " Between adjacent cells by a plurality of memory cells connected to the second input terminal and an output terminal constituting the search string. By connecting a plurality of the search string in the form of a memory cell in the same column sharing a first input terminal, thereby constituting the search block.


of the whole, decision is more troublesome. Upon any work, and especially upon a play, a great number of patterns of increasing generality will fit equally well, as more and more of the incident is left out. The last may perhaps be no more than the most general statement of what the play is about, and at times might consist only of its title; but there is a point in this series of abstractions where they are no longer protected, since otherwise the playwright could prevent the use of his "ideas," to which, apart from their expression, his property is never extended. Nobody has ever been able to fix that boundary, and nobody ever can . . . . As respects plays, the controversy chiefly centers upon the characters and sequence of incident, these being the substance. For fictional literature, not just plays, plot and characters are still the essential core of the work, in the sense Judge Hand means, but the settings and artifacts and "rules" of the setting or universe may also be protectable. Sometimes a setting can almost be a character, e.g., the Starship Enterprise, and an artifact can be integral to the plot, e.g., the Whomping Willow in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. But the first author cannot prevent a later author from using a starship as a setting and character nor from using an animate willow from moving the plot forward. There are two tests for determining whether copyright attaches to a particular character. First, if the character is fully developed with sufficient detail so as not to be a stock character or just a "type," then copyright will probably attach. A detective who simply visits crime 35. Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp., 45 F.2d 119, 121 (2d Cir. 1930). 36. See USS Enterprise (NCC-1701), WIKIPEDIA, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ USS_Enterprise_(NCC-1701) (last modified Feb. 1, 2014). 37. HARRY POTTER AND THE PRISONER OF AZKABAN, supra note 23. 38. See generally Williams v. Crichton, 84 F.3d 581 (2d Cir. 1996); Hoeling v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 618 F.2d 972 (2d Cir. 1980). 966 TEXAS A&M LAW REVIEW [Vol. 1 scenes and investigates crimes will not be protected. However, one with attributes that define the detective as different from all others in some identifiable way will be protected. Sherlock Holmes, Monk, and many others fit this category. Second, if the character is essentially the story being told, that is, the story is about that person, then the character will be protected. For example, Harry Potter, James Bond, and David Copperfield, as well as many other characters in stories are of this type and so the character would be copyrightable. But if the character really is just a type–a spy, a detective, a wizard, a queen– moving through a plot, then the character will not be copyrightable. Where plot is king, the character is not. Types can extend to all sorts of beings such as vampires, werewolves, witches, elves, dwarves, dragons, and endless other types of monsters. Scenes a faire are stock plot elements or scenes that cannot be protected. Car chases, characters confronting each other, chance meetings, bar fights, and so on are simply not protectable. They are available building blocks for any author to use to create a story. Artifacts are all the things in the stories that matter. For the most part, artifacts in most literature do not matter no matter how detailed the description; tableware, chairs, tables, cars, and so on are simply part of the background. A transporter device, as in Star Trek, is a similar artifact—howsoever important it may be to many, many plots. For such an artifact, the only thing protected would likely be the exact description used to describe or explain it. Artifacts often, indeed generally, run afoul of the merger doctrine—if the thing and the description of it are really one and the same, then it cannot be protected. Providing copyright protection to the world or universe of the story is problematic. Drawing the line between the protectable expression of the idea and the idea itself is primarily an exercise in metaphysical line-drawing on an endless formless plane. Setting a story in any real place at any real time is the easy case: that world cannot be protected; anyone else can set his or her story there as well. Creating a completely imaginary world "in a galaxy far, far away" in a setting long, long ago might be protected, if it is sufficiently welldrawn to distinguish it from every other world or universe. A world inhabited by alien species, robots, an order of knights, a despotic em39. Monk (TV series), WIKIPEDIA, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monk_(TV_series) (last visited Mar. 15, 2014). 40. Warner Bros. v. Columbia Broad. Sys., 216 F.2d 945 (9th Cir. 1954); Walt Disney Prods. v. Air Pirates, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir. 1978). 41. See Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. v. Am. Honda Motor, Co., 900 F. Supp. 1287 (C.D. Cal. 1995). 42. See Warner Bros., Inc., 216 F.2d at 950 (finding that the Sam Spade character is not adequately definitively drawn to warrant protection). 43. See STAR WARS EPISODE IV: A NEW HOPE (Lucasfilm 1977) (alluding to the film's opening crawl). 2014] WHEN THE AUTHOR OWNS THE WORLD 967 peror using dark powers—well, that is just the stuff of much of science fiction, and the universe thus described falls on the unprotectable idea side of the line. The point at which, if any, the universes of Star Trek or Star Wars shift to the protectable expression side is difficult to define outside of the characters that inhabit them and outside of the plot that the original author placed there, which together really give the universe form. A composite world, such as that inhabited by Harry Potter and company, where there is the recognizably real, non-magical world with a parallel world of magicians, presents a different problem. A world in which there is magic is an unprotectable idea, as are worlds in which there are wizards or a school for wizards (especially one modeled after English public schools (what would be called private boarding schools in the United States)). It is hard to define anything in such a setting that would truly be a protectable attribute of that world itself. That is, at the first level of abstraction where one simply removes the proper nouns, it seems that there is no particular aspect of the world or universe that is protectable. The Orwellian world of 1984 seems well-drawn with many details such that it would seem protectable. But closer examination seems to force the reader the other direction: dividing the world into three political blocks or into a relatively few authoritarian blocks is just an idea, as is government spying and lying. It becomes difficult to delineate just what of the Orwellian world would be protected by copyright in our world even though the world he created is so well understood as to have been collapsed into one word: Orwellian. Once again, the reader is drawn toward viewing plot and characters moving through that world—much more than the world itself—as being protectable. In the end, it would seem that for the most part, universes and worlds, even fictional ones, should not receive copyright protection and that all the general attributes of them must be open to others to use as mere ideas. But when a second author places a story and characters (assume new ones for this point) into a world like Middle Earth and uses the geography, place names, peoples and beings and events of Middle Earth as the backdrop for the new story, the line becomes harder to draw. The second author is intentionally exploring the world created by another to tell her story. Even in this situation, we should be loath to extend copyright protection to the universe, even with proper names and geography and rules of how it operates. The universe created by the first author should not be protected from appropriation by fan fiction authors and this sort of creative use should be allowed. It is part of what copyright is about: encouraging the creation and dissemination of ideas and information, and creative works. There 44. GEORGE ORWELL, 1984 (1949). 968 TEXAS A&M LAW REVIEW [Vol. 1 is no need to protect universes, even highly original ones, from others setting their stories in them. All fictional universes are highly derivative themselves. For example, the movie Avatar can be traced to a variety of sources including Pocahontas. These created worlds have rules. In Martin's A Song of Fire and Ice 46 (aka Game of Thrones), there are many peoples, dragons, white walkers, various forms of magic, assassins, special weather cycles, and many, many characters. As complex and detailed the world of the Game of Thrones is, it still draws upon the real world and fictional attributes long ago created by others. To what extent, if any, should Martin be able to prevent someone from placing a story north of the wall in the world of A Song of Fire and Ice? Stories could be someone's back-story; or events of a small village not even mentioned by Martin, but told from the perspective of one of the blades of grass being trampled by the elephants going to war. That story should be able to be told, and Martin should not be legally able to control all aspects of the world he created. He should not be allowed to play Zeus and strike later authors with thunderbolts when he dislikes their efforts. In each of these well-drawn worlds, there are original locations, like Hogwarts or the Whomping Willow, or Mordor, or the cities of Westeros, and specific castles, buildings, rooms, and other locations developed in some detail. These worlds also have customs and celebrations. And they have various artifacts like storied swords (Orcrist) or magic spells ("avada kedavra"), or communication orbs (palantir) or magic fire (the wildfire in Game of Thrones). Surely none of these items can be protected by copyright, standing alone (other than perhaps the use of them by name, coupled with parroting the exact description used by the original author). As can be seen f


The twenty-fifth annual conference of the University with co-operating secondary schools was held on Friday and Saturday, April i8 and 19, 19I3. Reports from those who were most intimately related to its various departments give the impression that this was distinctly the most successful meeting of this sort within the history of the University. This result may be attributed in part to the general interest aroused by the topic announced for the general sessions and the departmental conferences, namely: Economy in Education; and in still greater part by the co-operation of a large number of people, including both officers of the University and high-school superintendents, principals, and departmental instructors.


N2 atmospheric microplasma was applied to improve the yields and reproducibility of the initial growth of GaN by metal–organic molecular beam epitaxy (MOMBE). The plasma treatment was found to be effective in cleaning the surface, and excellent flat growth was achieved even in the early stage of the growth. The effect of the air exposure after plasma treatment was also studied, and the yield of the growth was found to be largely decreased by the air exposure even after the treatment. Therefore, the oxidation of the substrate is one of main causes of the poor initial growth and the installation of the microplasma equipment in the MBE loading chamber is useful for suppressing the oxidation after the treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement shows that the microplasma treatment is also effective for undoing the surface double steps through etching, which is helpful for a very smooth layer-by-layer growth in the early stage of growth.


The Landsat satellite series represents the longest record of global-scale medium spatial resolution earth observations, and the utility of Landsat data for long-term and/or large-area monitoring depends on accurate and quantitative atmospheric correction to produce a consistently corrected surface reflectance (SR) dataset. In this study, we developed a rapid, automated atmospheric correction procedure based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) atmospheric characterization products and the 6S (Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) radiative transfer code for Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. Three MODIS atmosphere products at the resolution of 0.05°, MOD04, MOD05, and MOD07 were used as input to the 6S radiative transfer model in order to compute the parameters required for atmospheric correction, which were then used to correct TM imagery per-pixel automatically. This method was tested using five multi-date Landsat TM images in Beijing, China, and the atmospheric correction precision was assessed using ground-measured reflectance. The result showed that the SR retrieved from Landsat TM is consistent with the ground measurements, with a mean R2 of 0.773 and a mean root mean square error value of 0.045.


A progressive reduction in synaptic connections between neurons is one neurophysiological indicator of brain ageing and was linked to the severity of dementia. In our study, we hypothesized that if synaptic disconnection as the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is responsible for the brain's inability to integrate diverse regions into efficient networks, then electroencephalographic data may be utilized to identify Alzheimer's dementia. The study explored EEG coherence, reflecting connectivity between regions, as a potential AD indicator and identified four promising EEG coherence markers. As the pattern of degeneration follows the temporal-parietal-frontal axis, the temporal gamma marker was chosen for further evaluation. We utilize conventional analysis, producing paired results such as sensitivity and specificity and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the accuracy of the temporal gamma marker. The optimal cut-off point of 0.950 was confirmed by both methods and provided 95% correct classification indicating an almost perfect differentiation between control and impaired cognitive status. This evaluation will be used in a blinded diagnostic test accuracy study to determine the TG_marker validity in detecting AD and excluding pseudo-dementias.


A design of a high-resolution homodyne interferometer is presented, modularized, and installed in a prototype, critical-dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM). A newly designed symmetrical layout of the optical path of the homodyne interferometers enabled highly stable measurements of the mechanical displacements of a wafer-positioning stage and an AFM scanner. In the performance measurement of the wafer-positioning stage, the mechanical drift after long-stroke travel and unlocking of the servo control was reduced to less than ten nanometers per minute by optimizing the preceding motion before stopping. An AFM scanner with a three-dimensional (3D) parallel spring structure has been implemented for the interferometer modules. Using a DSP-based electronic interpolation technique, displacement of the scanner was resolved and calibrated at better than 50 pm and 200 pm, respectively.


Abstract The availability of source code for both exploits and malicious code is higher than it has ever been in the history of computing. More important, the source codes for highly successful, high- profile malicious tools are now available. Several years ago it was almost impossible to obtain the source for these worms and exploits, forcing actors to rely on minor changes to binaries to generate new variants of a family. With the source code, attackers can easily edit code, compile new "undetected" variants, and copy and paste code from multiple creations to create new codes.


It is well established that language processing is left hemisphere dominant. Previous findings, however, indicate that lateralization of different levels of linguistic prosody varies with their functional load as well as listeners' linguistic experience. This study explored the hemispheric processing of Japanese pitch accent by native and non‐native listeners differing in experience with pitch, including 16 native Japanese participants, 16 Mandarin Chinese participants whose native language has linguistic tonal contrasts, and 16 English participants with no tone or pitch accent background. Pitch accent pairs were dichotically presented and the listeners were asked to identify which pitch accent pattern they heard in each ear. Preliminary results showed that for all the three groups, the percentage of errors for the left ear and that for the right ear were comparable, indicating no hemispheric dominance. The Japanese group did not reveal left hemisphere dominance, as previously found for linguistic tone pr...


Ozone (O3) is a molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen in a dynamically unstable structure due to the presence of mesomeric states [3]. In air pollution, ozone shows dangerous effects, however nowadays many clinicians consider it as beneficial tool to restore body damages. By a therapeutical approach, ozone is a gas constituting by an ozone and oxygen mixture with a great oxidative power. Oxygen-Ozone therapy is a new, non-invasive technique currently being used for several diseases (i.e. myocardial infarction, neuropathic pain, vasculogenesis) [4], in which a strongly involved of inflammation processes is required. Indeed, ozone mixture shows anti-inflammatory, antalgic, antibacterial and virustatic effects.


Janie Pélabay is FNSP Research Fellow at the Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po (CEVIPOF). Her current work in political philosophy analyses the challenges of pluralist integration, questioning the political uses of "shared values" (education, immigration, European integration). Her publications include Charles Taylor, penseur de la pluralité (Presses de l'Université Laval 2001) and an anthology on Liberal Perfectionism (Hermann 2016), co-edited with Alexandre Escudier. Address: Sciences Po, Centre de recherches politiques (CEVIPOF), CNRS, Paris, France. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com equality when it is indexed to how much each individual contributes to stabilising the group identity? Is the application of equality as a priority to those who best satisfy the expectations of the political community in terms of identity justifiable? Far from being purely theoretical, these questions arise in public debates around very concrete issues. Calls in France and elsewhere in Europe for "national preference" in the allocation of social benefits and employment, and the measures advocated in the name of "America first!" show just how far the desire to secure the identity of the national community has affected the principle of equality. Exhortations to publicly acknowledge Europe's "Christian roots", the need to protect "Britishness" asserted in support of "Brexit" and hostile reactions to the arrival of migrants and refugees from the Middle East and many parts of Africa further illustrate growing fears that the identity deemed to be constitutive of what unites "us" in the political community shall be lost. Pursuing equality in the attribution of rights and distribution of goods while also subjecting this aim to the imperative of securing identity is problematic and contradictory. Of course, tensions between identity and equality are well known. They have been covered from different perspectives in critiques of multiculturalism (Benn Michaels 2009; Goodhart 2004) that argue that when the promotion of diversity is taken too far it damages equality. As a result of these critiques, identity has changed sides, as it were, with the rise of an identity politics that no longer addresses minorities, but rather demands protection for the values, goods, and lifestyle that shape the collective identity of the majority group. What has changed here is that the tensions between identity and equality stem from a vision of "us" that is not too thin and plural but, on the contrary, too thick and uniform. This is a vision of the political community where the demand for unity and indeed integrity in terms of identity is strong to the point that it puts equality at risk. This article seeks to examinate the impact that attempts to secure the majority identity can have on the way in which the principle of equality itself is understood. To analyse the philosophical implications of subordinating equality to the majority group's expectations in terms of identity, I shall consider the critiques formulated by the so-called "communitarian" thinkers in the 1980s and 90s in relation to the liberal conception of equality and, in particular, of distributive justice as developed notably by John Rawls (1971). After a short discussion of the way in which equality can


Data of artificial earthquake sounding,interpretation of gravity,geology,aeromagnetic detection,telluric electromagnetic sounding,seismic activity and geochemistry are used to study relationship between the 1920 Haiyuan M S8.6 earthquake and geologic structure.The result shows that the Haiyuan fault is an overlap fold fault taking the shape of the shovel with depth less than 10 km,which bears no relation to occurrence of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake because the focal depth of the earthquake is 15~20 km.The Haiyuan earthquake relates to both NS and EW structures extending to the top of the asthenosphere and the movement of the material of the asthenosphere.The ground deformation of all kinds along the Haiyuan fault are induced by the earthquake.


Background/Aims: Endoscopic biliary drainage is widely used for the palliative treatment of malignant biliary obstruction. For the advanced stricture, the general treatments such as a dilating or balloon catheter can not fully expand a duct. The authors used a Soehendra Stent Retriever for these cases, and we evaluated the value of using this instrument for treating these patients. Methods: From July 2006 to Jun 2008, we studied 12 patients with mailignant biliary obstruction (Klatskin's tumor=10, Gall bladder cancer=2) and who were failed at having a stent inserted with such general treatment such as using a dilating or balloon catheter (M:F=7:5, age=69.1 years old). For the bilateral biliary drainage of the duct, the "stent in stent" method was used and 12 patients were treated with a Soehendra Stent Retriever with clockwise rotation, as well as going forward to expand the target area of the intrahepatic bile duct obstruction and insert a metal stent. Results: Ten patients among the 12 who were treated by a Soehendra Stent Retriever achieved successful insertion of a stent (technical success, 83.3%), and all 12 patients showed improvement of their jaundice. Conclusions: To insert bilateral stents for the advanced malignant biliary obstruction, expanding the strictured area with a Soehendra Stent Retriever can improve the success of inserting a stent.


The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has worked with U.S. Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) since 1995 to address the problem of clandestine tunnels beneath the U.S./Mexico border. ERDC has performed tunnel-related research, equipment development, or tunneldetection missions at the request of the LEAs, coordinated by Joint Task Force 6 (JTF-6, Fort Bliss, TX, now known as JTF-N for Northern Command, US Army). This support to LEAs has revealed the importance of understanding the geologic context of a suspected tunnel site as a basis for selecting the appropriate geophysical tools and interpreting anomalies indicated by geophysical data. Tunnel detection missions always involve multiple tools and techniques. A combination of geophysical instruments is used to record data based on different physical principals. When interpreted in a regional geologic context, the combined geophysical methods improve the likelihood of success for tunnel detection. A variable-frequency electromagnetic survey tool was developed in the 1990s as part of tunneldetection research, and proven at a tunnel test bed near Otay Mesa, CA. Also at the Otay Mesa site, an ERDC-led team installed and tested a prototype passive-seismic fence, a system that can detect machine and impact noise during the tunnel excavation process. This seismic fence concept has strong potential for deterring tunneling in geographic areas where tunnels have been found most frequently and where cultural clutter limits the usefulness of surface geophysical techniques and tunnel detection. Current ERDC tunnel detection efforts (March 2005) are coordinated with the National Geo- Intelligence Agency (NGA, formerly NIMA) to combine electromagnetic and radar methods with emerging technology in microgravimetry.


Aiming at the problem of misdetection caused by the traditional texture characteristic extraction model, which does not describe the correlation among multiple bands, an object-oriented remote sensing image change detection method based on a color co-occurrence matrix is proposed. First, the image is divided into multi-scale objects by graph-based superpixel segmentation, and the optimal scale is determined by the overall goodness F-measure (OGF). Then, except for the extraction of the spectral features, the multi-channel texture features based on the color co-occurrence matrix (CCM) are extracted to consider the correlation among multiple bands. To accurately find the representative features to overcome the impact of feature redundancy, a cumulative backward search strategy (CBSS) is further designed. Finally, the change detection is completed by inputting the difference image of dual time points to the trained random forest model. Taking Shenzhen and Dapeng as the study areas, with Sentinel-2 and Skysat images under different spatial resolutions, and the forest–bareland change type as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by qualitative and quantitative analyses. They show that the proposed algorithm can obtain higher detection accuracy than the texture features without band correlation.


Simple Summary Polyploidy events have long been recognized as the primary driving force behind the survival of the vast majority of plant lineages, playing critical roles in crop evolution, speciation, and domestication. The fascinating modern genomics era has revealed that the genomes of all flowering plants have been polyploidized multiple times. To help safeguard the future of the global food supply in the face of climate change, a thorough understanding of polyploid genomes is critical, especially for the improvement of members of the grass family, Poaceae, which includes the world's big three cereals—rice, wheat, and maize—as well as some potential underutilized ancient grasses (such as teff) that are less well known or studied. This is becoming easier with rapid advances in genomic technologies. However, there are critical knowledge gaps and research needs among the well-studied and less-studied Poaceae polyploids that must be addressed, particularly the characteristics of polyploids that might either complicate or facilitate crop improvement programs. This review discusses the potential role for the Poaceae family in providing insights into the significance and specific features of polyploid genomes, as well as the emerging challenges and prospects for furthering polyploidy understanding in crop improvement. Abstract Around 80% of megaflora species became extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. Subsequent polyploidy events drove the survival of thousands of plant species and played a significant historical role in the development of the most successful modern cereal crops. However, current and rapid global temperature change poses an urgent threat to food crops worldwide, including the world's big three cereals: rice, wheat, and maize, which are members of the grass family, Poaceae. Some minor cereals from the same family (such as teff) have grown in popularity in recent years, but there are important knowledge gaps regarding the similarities and differences between major and minor crops, including how polyploidy affects their biological processes under natural and (a)biotic stress conditions and thus the potential to harness polyploidization attributes for improving crop climate resilience. This review focuses on the impact of polyploidy events on the Poaceae family, which includes the world's most important food sources, and discusses the past, present, and future of polyploidy research for major and minor crops. The increasing accessibility to genomes of grasses and their wild progenitors together with new tools and interdisciplinary research on polyploidy can support crop improvement for global food security in the face of climate change.


This project is an attempt to observe the behavior of high school students and local and / or next society, regarding the use of the contraceptive pill in order to consider points such as age and education. The work is developed based on other projects cited in the bibliography, which form a kind of census around the country where a particular issue is addressed: "To what purpose is there though the pill?" From that idea, the licensing did a search for obtain data which could have based its methodology by means of a questionnaire to provide data, debates, conversations, questions, etc. The discrepancies in the responses of the interviewees was not exactly surprised. Due to the different age groups, regions and educational background of the respondents, it was expected that there would be no linearity, since it is collecting data from humans. What can be observed, and even admired, are the particular responses according to factors that indicate the obvious. For example, a student of higher education that ignores the effects caused by the combined oral contraceptive (ACO) in the human body. Articles, books and magazines bring researched statistics on teens across the country who make bad use of ACO for various reasons, and during interviews, the licensing noted that even with the evolution of technology and accessibility thereof, research bibliographical have a point. Moreover, few people interviewed who know the history of the pill, know about its transformation over the years or as little aware of their side effects, for example. This result allows us to believe that awareness is urgent first by family and then by the school. Aiming to inform and enlighten the present generation can avoid unnecessary damage to the future generation.


This article presents an analysis of the content and limits of religious freedom in jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. This article concludes that jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights has been delimiting the content of religious freedom. This court has established that this concept involves the freedom of beliefs, conscience, proselytism, and others.


With a comparably high degree of de-commodification in the urban housing market, Amsterdam has been long considered a prime example of a 'European city' and a 'just city'. This paper looks at how the city's housing tenure sectors have changed since the 1990s due to neo-liberalisation processes and specifies effects for housing conditions of the poor. It highlights how restructuring has been driven by policy changes at different scales, and analyses the effects of reform on issues of accessibility and affordability. We identify a gap between insiders and outsiders, with affordability for the poor inside the system not yet deteriorating, but accessibility for poor outsiders emerging as a key problem. In the conclusion we speculate on future developments of the Amsterdam housing market and relate our findings to debates about the 'European city' and the 'just city'.


Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic,autoimmune disorder that attacks synovial joints.In early stage,both of clinical manifestations and laboratory tests provide limited information,while ultrasound shows changes of synovium and bone erosion,which may not be found by using radiologic examinations.High-frequency ultrasound can distinguish exudative from proliferative synovitis.Power Doppler and CEUS help to detect active joint disease,which shows synovial thickening and angiogenesis.Ultrasound depicts more erosions than conventional radiography,and can be used to follow up and monitor treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.


The boom that India has experienced in groundwater irrigation is only weakly related to the availability of groundwater resources, long‐term recharge rates and even availability of surface canal infrastructure. Dependence on groundwater has increased in rich alluvial aquifers with ample storage as well as in poor hard rock aquifers with limited storage. The socio‐economic and environmental impacts of the over‐exploitation of groundwater are also equally pervasive. This paper shows that some, though not all, responses to groundwater over‐development from farming communities are different in 'thick' alluvial aquifer areas from 'thin' hard rock aquifer areas. In the former, users fail to comprehend their interdependence, and consequently, to behave like an 'aquifer community' sharing a limited resource. As individual users, they engage in competitive deepening of boreholes to chase declining water levels. In arid alluvial areas, there is no sign of groundwater users trying either supply‐ or demand‐side initiatives to make groundwater use sustainable. In contrast, many hard rock aquifer areas in India are seeing spontaneous initiatives from farmers, communities, NGOs and other players to cope with or counter aquifer depletion, mostly by individual or group efforts to increase groundwater recharge, but less so by making and enforcing rules to limit withdrawals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present study investigates the role of the psychological empowerment of human resources in training of cooperative society personnel with descriptive method and of scaling type. Statistical population of this study was 1,000 that is, the managers and employees who were serving in the cooperatives society consumption in the years 1390-1391. The Number of samples was calculated by using Cochran formula and stratified samplings with an equal volume of 280 people. Measurement tool in the study was researcher made questionnaire on the role of training in the psychological empowerment of employees with 5 Likert scale. In order to estimate the validity of the questionnaire the face and content validity of the questionnaire were used. The validity of the questionnaire by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient after a preliminary study was 0/89. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including mean, frequency, percentage, standard deviation and inferential statistics, including t Univariate analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test were used. Results of the study showed that the role of training in the psychological empowerment of employees in each of the dimensions of efficacy, self-determination, competence, meaningfulness and trusting was more than average. The views of respondents with regard to demographic factors variables based on the degree, service years and the position were statistically significant and they weren't significant in other dimensions.


Purpose: Group A rotaviruses are the most important cause of acute diarrhea in children throughout the world. They are the cause of more than 450,000 annual deaths. There are few data available about rotaviruses type circulating in Egypt. Genotyping by reverse transcription-PCR (RT- PCR) have been widely used. Aim: To identify rotavirus antigens and RNA among stool specimens isolated from Egyptian children and to perform molecular characterization among the detected isolates. Materials and Methods: This study comprised 450 stool specimens collected from children less than 5 years old suffering from acute diarrhea, from three different governorates in Egypt (Cairo, Sharkia and Fayoum) during May 2009 to April 2010. Results: Rotavirus was detected by RT PCR in 158 (35%) of patients stool samples. G1 was the predominant genotype detected in 87/158 cases (55%). G3 was the second most common cause and was responsible for 35 cases (22.2%). whereas G4 represented only 8.2% (13/158) of all strains. Our study identified G9 in 23 (14.5%) of positive cases. No untypable strains were detected and mixed infection between G1and G4 in 1.9% (3/158) of the samples was detected. G8, G2 were not detected among collected samples. Conclusions: These results underline the importance of continued detailed epidemiological and virological studies to identify rotavirus genotypes responsible for severe diarrhea, including characterization of the less common and or unusual strains. Focusing on the more prevalent strains circulating in the Egyptian community will add in assessing the most suitable strain candidates used for vaccine production to protect against current circulating and uncommon strains and for evaluation of cross immunogenicity among variable strains.


Abstract A new map of Jerlov's optical water types in the Nordic Seas and adjacent waters at 139 locations, as well as a table with statistical and geographical properties of the vertical attenuation coefficient of downward irradiance at 475 nm, are presented. The data analysis is based on 715 recordings at different stations, at latitudes between 54°and 82°N, and longitudes between 31°W and 49°E, obtained by different authors from May 1954 to August 2003. The results show that the Atlantic and Polar waters are typically of oceanic type II–III, although during algal blooms the optical conditions may change to coastal types 1, 3 and 5, which are also the most frequent types found in coastal areas.


In the title compound, C11H15NO3, the molecules are joined into dimers by a pair of strong hydrogen bonds between the pyrrole N atom and the carbonyl O atom of the carboxylate substituent [N⋯O 2.861 (2) A and N—H⋯O 168 (2)°]. A single C—H⋯π intermolecular interaction is observed, with an H⋯π distance of 3.04 A, linking the dimers together.


ECG Pleomorphism of Ventricular Tachycardia. Introduction: Distinct surface ECG morphologies (ECGMs), from one episode to the next, of recurrent monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the same patient complicate endocardial catheter mapping and the success of ablative therapy. This study investigates the incidence and mechanisms of multiple ECGMs during recurrent monomorphic VTs in a canine model of experimental myocardial infarction (MI).


Supersonic inlet starting by mass spillage is studied theoretically and numerically in the present thesis. A quasi-one-dimensional, quasi-steady theory is developed for the analysis of flow inside a perforated inlet. The theory results in closed-form relations applicable to flow starting by the mass spillage technique in supersonic and hypersonic inlets.%%%%The theory involves three parameters to incorporate the multi-dimensional nature of mass spillage through a wall perforation. Mass spillage through an individual slot is studied to determine these parameters; analytical expressions for these parameters are derived for both subsonic and supersonic flow conditions. In the case of mass spillage from supersonic flows, the relations are exact. However, due to the complexity of flow field, the theory is an approximation for subsonic flows. Therefore, a correction factor is introduced which is determined from an empirical relation obtained from numerical simulations.%%%%A methodology is also proposed to determine perforation size and distribution to achieve flow starting for a given inlet at a desired free-stream Mach number. The problem of shock stability inside a perforated inlet designed with the proposed method is also discussed.%%%%The method is demonstrated for some test cases. Time-realistic CFD simulations and experimental results in the literature confirm the accuracy of the theory and the reliability of the proposed design methodology.


INTRODUCTION Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for birth weight in beef cattle have been reported (Davis et al., 1998 ; Stone et al., 1999). Fine mapping of these QTLs will greatly facilitate the identification and cloning of the causative genes. It is expected that individuals within a semi-closed population, such as a commercial line of cattle, may be derived from one or a limited number of founders. Thus, some common haplotypes originating from the common ancestors should carry on and segregate among the individuals of the breeding line, particularly when selection is applied. These common haplotypes may harbor QTLs of interest and make it possible to locate QTLs segregating in the line. We discuss here the application of the identical by descent (IBD) haplotype sharing analysis in fine mapping of QTLs for birth weight in commercial lines of Bos taurus.


Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous SiO2 materials(3DOM SiO2) were synthesized by PS colloid crystal template and different precursors.The ethanol solutions of TEOS and sol of TEOS used as precursors were filled in the PS template,respectively,and PS template was removed by calcinations eventually.The SEM images indicated that the macroporous structure of 3DOM SiO2 is influenced by the difference of precursor.When the sol of TEOS is used as precursor,obtained 3DOM SiO2 had ordered and integrated structure and interconnected each other by small windows.The result of XRD showed the wall of the macropores consist of amorphous structure.


Abstract : The goal of this program on Photorefractive polymers are to improve the performance of Photorefractive polymers and to fabricate innovative devices based on these highly efficient materials. During the lifespan of the program we have made significant progress in the following areas: (1) material fabrication and characterization, (2) modeling of photorefractivity in polymers and (3) development of new applications based on photorefractive polymers. During the course of the investigation we published (with AFOSR acknowledgments) 12 papers in refereed journals and 5 book chapters and gave 32 invited talks at international conferences and workshops.


Australia has seven species in Utricularia L. section Utricularia, with the habit for all members of either affixed or suspended aquatic. Of the six recognised Australian species, one is endemic, one is pantropical, three are also distributed across Asia or Papua New Guinea - with U. australis R.Br. extending into Europe, and one other, U. stellaris L.f. into Africa. We present a molecular phylogeny based on two plastid and the nuclear ITS sequences for members of the subgenus Utricularia representing U. aurea Lour. and closely allied species from across each of their distributions. The molecular phylogeny provides strong support for recognition of a new species Utricularia adamsii R.W.Jobson & Davies-Colley (Lentibulariaceae), here described as new member
of section Utricularia. This taxon was previously included within U. aurea, however, our molecular phylogeny and morphology supports a sister relationship with U. muelleri Kamienski. We provide a revised concept of
U. aurea, and a description of the new species. The morphological differences between U. adamsii, U. muelleri, U. aurea and closely related species are here discussed, and an identification key provided. Distributions and
habitat preferences of these taxa are discussed.


The effect of two probiotics on the growth, immune ability of turtle fish and the water ability were reported in this paper. The result shows a new way to prevent and cure turtle's disease.


Their "solution" to cancer lies with three risky and highly invasive procedures: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. The alarming rates of cancer deaths across the world – cancer has a mortality rate of 90 percent, according to Italian oncologist Dr. Tullio Simoncini – speak volumes about the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of these treatments, yet they are still regarded as the gold standard of cancer care.


Some of the piezoelectric coefficients of poly(vinylidene fluoride) are distinctly stress dependent. We report on their dependence on the frequency of an oscillatory stress excitation, on the amount of the remanent polarization in the sample materials, and on the magnitude of an offset stress. In order to explain the observed dynamic and nonlinear piezoelectric properties, a model is developed that attributes them to changes in the local polarization in an interphase between the crystalline and amorphous phases in this semicrystalline polymer.


Digital signage and display screen technologies are getting closer together and are now integral to helping us find our way in the world.


The Project FAUN aims to study how networks of non-linear and recurrent systems can be employed for the generation and processing of audio signals. Such networks exhibit highly complex behaviours but are barely analytically tractable and difficult to control intuitively. At the same time, the behaviours of these networks provide the possibility to create and render musical structures on a wide range of temporal scales. Accordingly, these networks show great promise as generative mechanisms for sound synthesis, algorithmic composition and sound installations.


Cerebellar ataxia is an exclusion criterion for the clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy, but a variant with predominant cerebellar ataxia has been reported. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of progressive supranuclear palsy with predominant cerebellar ataxia in an autopsy series from the United States and to compare clinical, pathologic, and genetic differences between progressive supranuclear palsy with and without predominant cerebellar ataxia.


Purpose: New radiation dose reduction technologies are emerging constantly in the medical imaging field. The latest of these technologies, iterative reconstruction (IR) in CT, presents the ability to reduce dose significantly and hence provides great opportunity for CT protocol optimization. However, without effective analysis of image quality, the reduction in radiation exposure becomes irrelevant. This work explores the use of postmortem subjects as an image quality assessment medium for protocol optimizations in abdominal CT. Methods: Three female postmortem subjects were scanned using the Abdomen-Pelvis (AP) protocol at reduced minimum tube current and target noise index (SD) settings of 12.5, 17.5, 20.0, and 25.0. Images were reconstructed using two strengths of iterative reconstruction. Radiologists and radiology residents from several subspecialties were asked to evaluate 8 AP image sets including the current facility default scan protocol and 7 scans with the parameters varied as listed above. Images were viewed in the soft tissue window and scored on a 3-point scale as acceptable, borderline acceptable, and unacceptable for diagnosis. The facility default AP scan was identified to the reviewer while the 7 remaining AP scans were randomized and de-identified of acquisition and reconstruction details. The observers were also asked to comment on the subjective image quality criteria they used for scoring images. This included visibility of specific anatomical structures and tissue textures. Results: Radiologists scored images as acceptable or borderline acceptable for target noise index settings of up to 20. Due to the postmortem subjects' close representation of living human anatomy, readers were able to evaluate images as they would those of actual patients. Conclusion: Postmortem subjects have already been proven useful for direct CT organ dose measurements. This work illustrates the validity of their use for the crucial evaluation of image quality during CT protocol optimization, especially when investigating the effects of new technologies.


Model-Based Testing is the application of Model-Based Design for software testing; this concept has been adopted by many companies and integrated into both hardware and software systems testing. The process typically consumes functional requirements as inputs, and produces test cases. The test cases generation is done according to a model describing the required behavior of the system. The testing effort is made by test engineers during the design of the usage model. The effectiveness of Model-Based Testing is highly increased with automation, i.e. the capacity to automatically translate test cases into executable test material.


Ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) is a highly versatile technique for creating index modifications in glasses and crystalline materials. The process of ULI relies on ultrashort laser pulses focused inside of a material. The high intensity of the pulsed beam induces nonlinear absorption processes, which transfers the pulse energy to the material lattice. With careful experimental control of the laser parameters, a permanent change in the refractive can be obtained in the bulk material. The permanent refractive index change obtained by ULI can be used to create waveguides and devices in active and passive materials. In this work, we present recent advances on creation of guided wave devices in Mid-IR compatable materials such as Fe:ZnSe, Cr:ZnSe, Ho:YAG, LiNbO3, and CdSiP2.


When planning and managing the present-day and future transformed electric power systems (EPS), such comparatively new properties as flexibility and cyber resilience shall be taken into account along with EPS conventional properties, such as Reliability, Security, Survivability, and Vulnerability. Large-scale introduction of renewable energy sources notably lowers the EPS flexibility. Installation of Energy Storages allows compensation of power production imbalance occurred when using renewable energy sources, which makes the energy system more robust, but lowers its cyber security. The paper considers the main performances and models of Energy Storages, their impact on flexibility and cyber security of electric networks; it also presents the technique for quantifying the flexibility of a network with Energy Storages, and identifies most promising directions of studies in this area.


In this letter, we propose a method for colorization based coding, which divides the colorization matrix into smaller sub-matrices using the meanshift segmentation. Using the proposed method the computation speed becomes more than 30 times faster. Furthermore, the smearing artifact, which appears in conventional colorization based compression method, is greatly reduced.


Co Abstract Objective: To compare sleep quality and fatigue between women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) receiving hormone therapy (HT) and women of the same age with preserved ovarian function. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 61 women with POI receiving HT (POI group) and 61 women with preserved ovarian function (control group) who were matched by age ( 2 years). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Chalder Fatigue Scale were used to assess sleep quality and fatigue. Apart from correlation analysis, the Mann-Whitney, chi-square, or Fisher test was used to compare the groups. Results: Women from the POI and control groups were 35.03 7.68 and 34.49 7.55 years of age, respectively (P1⁄4 0.63). In the PSQI evaluation, the scores were 7.69 4.18 and 8.03 4.53, respectively (P1⁄4 0.79), showing no difference between the POI and control groups. However, the POI group had higher and therefore worse scores for the sleep latency component (1.74 0.66 and 1.18 0.87, respectively; P< 0.001) and use of medication to sleep (1.28 0.88 and 0. 85 0.8; P1⁄4 0.008). The POI group had a higher fatigue index than that of the control group (5.25 2.78 and 3.49 1.78, respectively; P< 0.001), with sleep quality being classified as poor in 69% and fatigue present in 59% of patients. Conclusions: Women with POI receiving HT have poor sleep quality. They take longer to fall asleep and have a higher fatigue index.


In several organizations, it has become increasingly popular to document and log the steps that makeup a typical business process. In some situations, a normative workflow model of such processes is developed, and it becomes important to know if such a model is actually being followed by analyzing the available activity logs. In other scenarios, no model is available and, with the purpose of evaluating cases or creating new production policies, one is interested in learning a workflow representation of such activities. In either case, machine learning tools that can mine workflow models are of great interest and still relatively unexplored. We present here a probabilistic workflow model and a corresponding learning algorithm that runs in polynomial time. We illustrate the algorithm on example data derived from a real world workflow.


SHEEPPOX is a highly contagious viral infection of sheep (Garner and others 2000). The causative agent belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus, one of the six genera of poxviruses of vertebrates. Capripoxviruses infect only ungulates, and most strains of the virus tend to cause clinical disease in only one species (Carn 1993). Different strains of the virus appear to have different degrees of virulence in different species (Kitching and Taylor 1985a). Sheeppox is endemic in the Mediterranean region (Sabban 1955, Yeruham and others 1998, Achour and others 2000, Dadousis 2003); it may affect sheep of any age, and plays an important role in the agricultural economy. It causes considerable economic loss due to morbidity, mortality, reduced meat and milk production, abortion, depreciation of wool and skin quality, and as a result of trade restrictions (Singh and others 1979, El-Awar and El-Zein 1986, Garner and others 2000). Indigenous breeds are more resistant to capripoxviruses than European breeds (Kitching and others 1986b). The disease spreads by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects. In infected pens, the virus can remain viable in scabs for as long as six months. Infection can occur through either the respiratory or the cutaneous route. Affected sheep shed infective viral particles at every stage of the disease and even up to eight weeks after the lesions have resolved (Singh and others 1979). Biting flies can transmit the virus mechanically (Kitching and Mellor 1986). However, there is little information on the epidemiology and economic losses caused by sheeppox in dairy sheep flocks. This short communication describes an analysis of the data available on the morbidity and mortality rates, duration and seasonality, loss of milk production, decline in milk quality and reproductive failures, associated with an outbreak of sheeppox in a dairy sheep flock. The flock consisted of 300 male and female lambs, 120 hoggets, 500 ewes and 16 rams, all of the Assaf breed. The animals were kept in a loose housing system in completely covered open sheds, under a zero-grazing management system. The sheep were machine-milked twice daily in a twoline parlour, and the average annual milk production was 350 kg per lactating animal. The animals were fed with alfalfa hay and commercial concentrates. Lambs were usually weaned at the age of one month. A previous outbreak of sheeppox had been recorded in this flock in 1996, but the animals had not been vaccinated against sheeppox. The flock was under veterinary disease control by the Israeli veterinary services. The outbreak was investigated clinically and epidemiologically during the period from May to July 2003. The clinical signs, course of the disease, number of abortions, morbidity and mortality were recorded. Data on milk production and somatic cell counts were obtained from the dairy. The conception rate was compared with data on the same flock during the three years before the outbreak (2000 to 2002). The farm was visited weekly during the outbreak. The start of the outbreak was recorded on May 16, and it terminated on July 7, 53 days later. Most of the affected animals (88·5 per cent) were diagnosed during the first three weeks of the outbreak. The clinical signs and postmortem lesions observed in the affected animals were consistent with previous descriptions of sheeppox (Plowright and others 1969, Singh and others 1979, Yeruham and others 1998). There was a rapid onset of fever (40°C to 42°C), swelling of the nostrils, lips and eyelids, excess salivation, nasal and ocular discharges, and rapid development of multiple pox lesions on the skin. Death occurred up to the fourth day of the disease. Postmortem examination of animals with signs of respiratory involvement revealed translucent, nodular lung lesions characteristic of sheeppox infection. Erythematous macules and vesicular lesions were visible on the haired parts of the skin (the inguinal regions). In the lungs, multifocal, greyishwhite nodular areas, 0·2 cm to 0·5 cm in diameter, and in the rumen, especially on the pillars, multifocal 0·5 cm lesions were also present. At postmortem examination of four animals, samples of skin, lungs and lymph nodes were collected for virological investigation and histological evaluation. The samples for microscopic evaluation were fixed in neutral-buffered 10 per cent formaldehyde. After dehydration and embedding of the tissue in paraffin wax, 4 μm sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. For immunohistochemistry (IHC), freshly frozen (2-methylbutane, nitrogen) samples of lung and skin were cryostat-sectioned (6 μm thick) and placed on poly-L-lysine coated glass microscope slides (Menzel). The sections were fixed in cold acetone for 10 minutes at –20°C. For inactivation of endogenous peroxidase, peroxo-block solution (Zymed) was added for 45 seconds according to the manufacturer's instructions. The sections were rinsed three times in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0·05 per cent Tween 20 (PBST) for two to five minutes, and incubated with blocking solution (containing 10 per cent nonimmune goat serum) (Zymed) at room temperature in a humid chamber, for 10 minutes (using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex procedure), then incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature with a 1:50 dilution of the primary rabbit affinity purified antibody to the P32 protein of sheeppox virus (Zymed). Goat antirabbit horseradish peroxidase conjugate (Zymed) was added for 10 minutes. The slides were then washed three times for three minutes with PBST, and the substrate 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole was added. After washing the slides for three minutes, they were counterstained with haematoxylin solution for two minutes and washed in tap water for 10 minutes. The slides were covered with cover glasses and mounted with GVA-Mount (Zymed). The histopathological changes in the skin of the animals affected by sheeppox were consistent with epidermal cytoplasmic swelling, vacuolisation and proliferation of keratino cytes. In the lungs there was hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelial cells, and the alveolar septa showed proliferation of type II pneumocytes and mild infiltration with some neutrophils, histiocytes and congestion. No secondary bacterial infection was present. In the rumen, proliferation of squamous epithelial cells and vacuolar changes were seen. There was considerable oedema and vasculitis, and the production of large numbers of cells described by Borrel (1903) as 'cellules claveleuses', which are characterised by large oval or irregular nuclei with enlarged nucleoli. Granular cytoplasmic inclusions were occasionally observed. The epithelial changes consisted of a mild hyperplasia and coagulation necrosis, apparently caused by thrombosis of the blood vessels. The IHC staining of the sections of the suspect tissue papules showed specific red-coloured staining of sheeppox Veterinary Record (2007) 160, 236-237


RuoGuo village is one of the many poverty-stricken areas in China. In recent years, The School of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Jinan University has actively implemented the party's guidelines for poverty alleviation work, adopting various forms and methods to carry out poverty alleviation work in RuoGuo Village, which has achieved initial results. Through this survey, we can see the effectiveness of the JNU's poverty alleviation work, and recognize the current situation of Zhuanguo Village so that the next poverty alleviation work can be more targeted. By summarizing the merits and shortcomings of Jinan University's poverty alleviation work, We can improve working methods for the targeted poverty alleviation in Runguo Village, and accumulate the experience of targeted poverty alleviation, which is also a way to actively respond to the national targeted poverty alleviation policy. Besides, we can provide a certain reference value for the targeted poverty alleviation work in other regions.


Optical fiber assembly, along the matching hinge shaft may have two optical fiber breadboard hingedly connected to each other. Tray Although each one of the optical fiber breadboard, and two faces, one of them along the hinge axis can have a flat body having a lateral edge that extends, having further a tray attachment each It may have tessellation position. Optical fiber assembly also provides a body having a base which is attachable to at least one of said tray attachment, the body, on the one optical fiber breadboard of the at least one optical fiber breadboard having a size and shape associated with a plurality of tray position adjacent the one tray position and the tray position of the tray position, the body, the confining an optical fiber having a critical radius of curvature at least in one optical fiber path and the structure that allows, may each have a plurality of optical fibers tray having to take.


Nitrogen is a major part of plant nutrition in agricultural ecosystems. It greatly affects the yield of crops, specially ''oilseed crops'' such as sesame. In order to study the effect of nitrogen and genotype on the seed and oil yield of sesame; an experiment was laid out in split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications and 35 plants m at the Lavark Research Farm, Isfahan University of Technology, in 2006. Three nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 150 Kg N ha) and seven sesame genotypes (Local Ardestan, Nonbracching Naz, Branching Naz, Yekta, Oltan, Darab 14 and Varamin 2822) were used in main and sub plots, respectively. With an increase in nitrogen application to at least 150 kg N ha, despite a decrease in oil content, the seed and oil yield increased (P 0.01) averaged over genotypes. Since Yekta and Oltan outyielded the rest of genotypes, the latter genotypes with application of at least 150 kg N ha could be recommended for sesame production in Isfahan.


To assess the utility of an endometrial sampling device, the Uterine Explora Curette, with concomitant saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) for ultrasound‐directed extraction, resection and biopsy of endometrial pathology.


I n this issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia, Aya et al. (1) report that severely preeclamptic patients experience less hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery than normotensive women. Although individual patients may vary, this study also suggests that adequately prepared preeclamptic women require no more volume preload than normotensive controls to prevent catastrophic hypotension under subarachnoid block. The latter may not apply to women with placental abruption where significant retroplacental hemorrhage may occur. In designing their study, it is notable that only women with severe hypertension, and thus at greatest risk of hypotension from sympatholysis, were enrolled. Furthermore, women who were in labor were excluded because labor itself, due to periodic augmentation of circulating blood volume during rhythmic uterine contractions, has been shown to reduce the incidence of hypotension during regional block for cesarean delivery (2). Aya et al's study did, however, have several limitations, including that the severely preeclamptic women were not a homogenous group. For instance, women with a mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) greater than 130 mm Hg could be treated at the discretion of the anesthesiologist with antihypertensive medications. This is important for two reasons. First, bias may have been introduced into the study by the potential for aggressive blood pressure reduction in the most hemodynamically severe patients before the induction of subarachnoid block; thus resulting in an apparently lower incidence of hypotension among preeclamptic women as compared with the normotensive group. Although the authors state that there was no significant difference in the percent reduction in MABP between the treated and untreated preeclamptic women, this comparison may have lacked adequate statistical power. Second, there was no standardized protocol for control of blood pressure. For instance, a majority of the treated women were given nicardipine, but some received urapidil. It is important to note that this contrasts with clinical practices in the United States where hydralazine and labetalol are the mainstays of antihypertensive therapy in preeclamptic women. Interpreting hemodynamic responses to spinal anesthesia may be further complicated by the fact that some but not all of the preeclamptic women were also treated with magnesium sulfate. The latter is important because laboratory studies have shown that magnesium may increase the frequency and severity of hypotension under regional block (3). Another potential confounding variable in the Aya et al. study was that preeclamptic women had babies of lower weight than term pregnant controls. A smaller uterine mass may result in less aortocaval compression and potentially decrease the risk of hypotension. Furthermore, the criteria for hypotension were arbitrary and we really do not know what would be an acceptable short-term reduction in MABP in individual patients. In addition, whereas the reduction in MABP was less in preeclamptic as compared with normotensive women, there was no difference between the groups in systolic arterial blood pressure, which is the value that clinicians use at the point of care in making decisions as to whether or not to administer a vasopressor. Hypotension may be deleterious for the fetus as well. Unfortunately, without umbilical cord blood pH, gas tensions, and base excess, it is difficult to determine if the reductions in MABP observed in this study were associated with any adverse fetal effects. Despite its limitations, taken with the results of earlier studies (4,5) and an National Institute of Health Consensus Opinion (6), the current study by Aya et al. indicates that subarachnoid block may be an appropriate anesthetic choice for women with severe preeclampsia having a cesarean delivery. Furthermore, because of its simplicity and rapidity, we also believe that spinal anesthesia should be considered as an alternative to general anesthesia for emergency cesarean *St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, and †University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida Accepted for publication June 19, 2003. Address correspondence and reprint requests to David J. Birnbach, MD, University of Miami School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Room C-301, 1611 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136. Address e-mail to email@example.com.


Surimi,fat,starch,salt and phosphate are the main component of the fish balls,the role of the various raw materials that influence on the gel strength of the fish balls are varied.In this study,the gel strength as the main index,at first,we investigate the effects of salt,compound phosphate,starch and fat for the fish ball gel strength;then study the order of feeding fish balls gel strength,according to the composite of phosphate→brine→fat→starch sequentially feeding,to significantly increase the fish balls gel strength.


A thorough understanding of the physiological processes that underlie muscle tension is foundational to any discussion on environments and substances that alter such a process. The fascial web, an interconnection of the various fascia, extends throughout the entire body and acts to link every area of the body together and connect external and internal structures. It is the fascial tissue that transmits forces locally (i.e., between muscle and bone or between muscle and ligament) and distally, thereby creating muscle contraction in interconnected but distant areas of the body. Fascia is composed of various cell types, fibers (elastin, collagen, and reticular), and a fluid-like ground substance that is rich in proteoglycans. Fascial tissue responds both acutely and chronically to its environment via adaptations in both collagen and proteoglycan structure. Acutely, this results in the normal contraction of muscles and resultant movement, such as looking down at one's feet while walking, but chronically it ca...


Objective Determination of caffeine and glycyrrhizine in Tankejing Powder. Methods Discovery C 18 column,was used with a mobile phase of A (0.01 mol/L NaH 2PO 4, pH adjusted to 3.0 with phosphoric acid ), B (acetonitrile), used a linear gradient elution, detection was done at 250 nm, injection 15 μl, external standard method was adopted. Results All the results for the standards curve, the recovery and the seqaration showed that the method is satifactory. Conclution The method is sinple, rapid and reliable.


: This article considers ethical decision making and privacy for a visual social media landscape and poses important questions for Internet researchers to consider before and during the research process. This author models self-reflective research practices by looking back on their own research practices in regard to two image-based social media projects: the online conference Braving Body Shame and the sexual health education Instagram page The Vulva Gallery. Hannah Taylor is a doctoral candidate in Rhetorics, Communication, and Information Design Program at Clemson University. Her research focuses on reproductive rhetoric, feminist methodologies, and digital rhetoric. Her work has been published in College English and Peitho.


The microwave lifesaving radar suffers from unwanted clutter signal from reflecting surrounding environment. To get rid of this problem, a microprocessor controlled clutter cancellation circuit is required. In this study, we designed a 360° microwave variable phase shifter to use in the clutter cancellation circuit. To cancel the incoming clutter, with this design the opposite phase and the same magnitude RF signal can be added to it at the radar receiver front-end. As a result, the detection capability and the range of the radar are increased.