The performance of zinc rich paints (ZRP) has been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) combined with cathodic protective potential measurements. Painted naval steel samples were studied during exposure to artificial sea water. ZRP coating formulations included zinc pigment content in the 77-88% w/w concentration range and different binders based on chlorinated rubber, epoxy-polyamide, ethyl-silicate and alkyd resins. Experimental impedance diagrams have been described in terms of transfer function analysis using non-linear fit routines. Information concerning the effects of both binder type and zinc pigment concentration on the corrosion protection behaviour of such coatings was obtained from changes with exposure time of the system parameters derived from the fitting procedure. Characteristic parameters of the metal/ethyl-silicate coating system were determined according to a transmission line model which describes the painted metal/solution interface. These parameters correlate well with the gradual system deterioration as the galvanic effect and the barrier-like properties of the ZRP used as primers diminished progressively. Results can be interpreted in terms of corrosion processes going on extensively through pores and cracks of these coatings.


Intensification of tropical grass pastures can be achieved through the grazing rotation, forage availability in the dry season, and building up soil fertility by liming and balanced fertilizer supplying. The knowledge of spatial variability soil properties is useful in the rational use of inputs, as in the variable rate application of lime and fertilizers. PA requires methods to indicate the spatial variability of soil reducing the need for expensive and intensive sampling. The objective of this work was to map and evaluate the soil chemical properties and maps the site specific liming and fertilizer need in a irrigated tropical pasture. The study was conducted in an area of 8 ha of pasture Mombaca-grass (Panicum maximum) irrigated and intensive managed in a rotational system with 48 paddocks in Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Soil samples were collected at 0?0.2 m depth with 6 sub-samples in each paddock. The values of soil P, K, CEC and basis saturation were analyzed by traditional soil testing. Apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was measured with contact sensor. Spatial variability soil properties and site specific liming and fertilizer need were modeled using semivariograms and maps were obtained by kriging with Vesper software. Crop variation at this spatial scale was not affected by topography and other soil chemical properties related. NDVI and ECa had the same tendency of dry matter estimation. Results showed that the soil properties of study area are very homogeneous, and variable rate of potassium fertilizer has the potential to be adopted in the study area.


Many problems in data mining and machine learning are related to optimization, and optimization techniques are often used to solve such problems. Traditional techniques such as gradient-based methods can be efficient, but they are local optimizers. For global optimization, alternative approaches tend to be nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. We introduce some of the nature-inspired optimization algorithms with the emphasis on their main characteristics. We also highlight the role of algorithmic components in such algorithms, and then we conclude with a brief discussion about some open problems.


Synergids with a haustorial projection, which extends through the micropyle to lie between the ovule and ovary wall, are described for seven danthonioid genera: Chionochloa, Danthonia, Erythranthera, Lamprothyrsus, Pyrrhanthera, Rytidosperma, and Sieglingia; they were already known in Cortaderia. Normal pyriform graminoid synergids were found in the arundinoid genera Arundo and Phragmites. The distribution of this character among genera is in accord with the traditional tribal arrangements of the grasses, except for Cortaderia, which now seems better treated as danthonioid rather than arundinoid. Synergids that extend as haustoria are interpreted as derived from the normal graminoid type even though they occur, so far, in old, highly polyploid genera.


Worldwide, breast cancer comprises 22.9% of all cancers (excluding non - melanoma skin cancers) in women. The incidence of breast cancer is rising in every country of the world especially in developing countries suc h as India. In 1940, the lifetime risk of a woman developing breast cancer was 5%, or one in 20. The American Cancer Society estimates that risk being 13% in 2012, or more than one in 8. Studies have shown that certain factors, called risk factors, increase the likelihood that a woman will develop breast cancer. Many of these risk factors are not reversible, but some can be modified. A "risk factor" is anything that increases the risk of developing breast cancer. Many of the most important risk factors for breast cancer are beyond control (non - preventable), such as age, family history, and medical history. However, there are some risk factors that are preventable , su ch as weight, physical activity, and alcohol cons umption .


In this article we partially answer two open questions concerning clean rings. First, we demonstrate that if a quasi-continuous module is strongly clean then it is Dedekind-finite. Second, we prove a partial converse. We also prove that all clean decompositions on submodules of continuous modules extend to the entire module.


TiO2 has applications in organic solar cells. In the present work nanocrystalline TiO2 is synthesized by the combustion reaction involving titanyl nitrate and glycine as fuel. Nanosized titania with average crystallize size 5.5 nm was obtained in the as synthesized titania powder. Heat treatment study of the obtained powder was performed and it was found that upon heating at 400°C and 800°C particle size increased to 12.3 nm and 28 nm respectively. It was observed that after heat treatment at 500°C for 7 h rutile phase appeared in the XRD pattern and upon heating at 800°C pure rutile phase was obtained. Mass percentage of rutile phase in the heat treated powder was also calculated for various temperatures. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.


Based on Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive controller is designed for a class of chaotic systems. Globally exponential synchronization and parameter regulation for couple chaotic systems can be carried out simultaneously. The controller and the regulating law of parameters are directly constructed by analytic formula. Simulation results with some chaotic systems show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


This article interprets the form borratja as a direct arabism because in vulgar Arabic there is an etymon that is both formally and semantically acceptable: bū hur(r)ays "drunk".
The word borraina, on the other hand, is considered a borrowing transmitted through the low Latin borragine(m), which, in turn, comes from the same etymological basis, the vulgar Arabic (Hispano-Arabic and Maghreb) bū hur(r)ayš that designates borratja and other related plants.


Abstract The theme of this study is governance technologies in the Danish primary school. The study deals with the importance of the introduction of newer technologies in school - technologies which are all aimed at improving students' academic performance and learning outcomes. My special focus is on how teachers concretely practice these technologies in everyday life, including the considerations that underlie these practices. This focus is linked with a desire to further elucidate the governance technologies' impact on pupils in Danish schools. Throughout the study, I work at the basis of two approaches: A profession-oriented approach where I focus on the teachers' perspectives in working with technologies and a participatory approach focusing on the importance of practice in relation to the students, which the governance is directed against. The theoretical framework for the study is based upon the educational sociologist Basil Bernstein's theory of classification, framing and pedagogic codes. This involves an understanding that teachers' practice of governance must be understood as shaped by both the teachers' own perspectives, attitudes, experiences and concerns but also by macro-structural conditions in the form of regulations and laws that exist in relation to the use of technologies. Thus the practice of governance is considered as a recontextualisation process where 'external' power structures are being reshaped within local constructions of meaning. The present study is part of my Ph.d. project in progress.


Thermal design and analysis of a satellite instrument is introduced in this paper. Some methods were adopted to help heat conduct and a finite element model was built. The analysis results showed that the temperature scopes of the main structures are from 45°C to 65.8°C and all of junction temperatures of the components are lower than the derated maximum junction temperatures themselves and leave enough design margins, which match the requirements of thermal analysis.


ABSTRACT FROM: Jeandarme I, Pouls C, De Laender J, et al. Field validity of the HCR-20 in forensic medium security units in Flanders. Psychology, Crime & Law 2017;23:305–22.

Assessment and prediction of violence risk is central to forensic psychiatry practice. From the 1970s, increasing awareness of the limitations of clinical judgement alone meant services began to employ actuarial risk assessment tools, which were shown to significantly improve predictive accuracy.1 However, these tools soon came under criticism for their own limitations, including focus on relatively static factors that are immutable and lack of applicability to specific real-world scenarios.1 This led to the development of structured professional judgement (SPJ) tools, which have largely replaced purely actuarial tools as the gold standard of risk assessment and management. Such instruments combine actuarial and dynamic components and are thought to be yet practically relevant and encourage use of professional discretion, while having a solid empirical basis.2

The most widely used SPJ tool in forensic psychiatry settings in the UK is the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 (HCR-20), which is currently in its third version (HCR-20V3).3 Both retrospective and prospective research has suggested that the HCR-20 is predictive of future violence, across a range of settings.3–5 Hence, the HCR-20 has become the first choice instrument for risk assessment of violence in forensic psychiatry practice in the UK. In recent years, however, the basis of this practice has been challenged. Further studies have suggested that SPJ tools, including the HCR-20, lack validity for certain key diagnoses in forensic psychiatry such as schizophrenia6 and psychopathy7 and that the standard method of reporting validity of the HCR-20—area under the curve (AUC)— is flawed if used without other performance measures.6 Other work has suggested that most of its individual factors do not predict …


Abstract: Seven zircon fission‐track ages and 30 magnetic susceptibilities were measured on welded pyroclastic rocks from the Bogopol and Sijanov Groups of the Cretaceous to Paleogene volcanic rocks in the southeastern part of the eastern Sikhote Alin volcano‐plutonic belt, Far East Russia. The fission‐track ages range from 42. 7 Ma to 64. O Ma which indicate that both the groups are of Early Paleogene time. Two thirds of the samples from the Bogopol Group have high magnetic susceptibility values, more than 3 A‐ 10‐3 SI unit, which imply that they are of the magnetite–series, whereas the samples from the Sijanov Group show 3 A‐ 10‐3 to 8 A‐ 10‐5 SI unit which suggest this group of probably the ilmenite‐series.


Objective To evaluate the quality of Vincristine Sulphate Liposome. Methods Vincristine sulphate was encapsulated in the liposomes using the p H gradient-dependent remote loading technique. The morphological examination of liposomes was observed with transmission electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency was determined by cation exchange resin column. Their p H value, particle size, Zeta potential, stability, and in vitro delivery of vincristine sulphate were investigated. Results The morphology of Vincristine Sulphate Liposome showed that liposomes were uniformity, good roundness. The particle size of the liposomes was about 120 nm, the Zeta potential was about 10 m V, and the encapsulation efficiency was above 90%. Vincristine sulphate liposomes did not occur significant changes under the light condition and at 4 ℃, 18 ℃, and 25 ℃ conditions. At 40 ℃, the encapsulation efficiency decreased. Conclusion The method is accurate and simple to evaluate the quality of Vincristine Sulphate Liposomes.


Abstract : The paper presents results from an examination of teacher flows within a large city school system. The focus is primarily on the mobility of teachers among schools within the system, the movement of teachers into and out of the system, and the effect of these flows on the allocation of teachers among different types of schools. The data cover the movement of teachers in San Diego between the 1970-71 and 1971-72 school years. However, the theoretical framework used and many of the empirical results should be directly relevant to school personnel systems in large cities throughout the United States.


in Euclidean (n + l)-space. It is easy to show (see [IT, Chapt. 9, Cor. 1.1], [CFG]) that a lengthminimizing curve avoids the vertex. We show (Corollary 3.2) that a twodimensional area-minimizing surface avoids the vertex. For k > 3, kdimensional area-minimizing surfaces can in general pass through the vertex. 1.1 Theorem (see Theorem 3.1). A k-dimensional plane through the vertex is area-minimizing if and only if


We describe a set of two "new generation" general circulation models of the Martian atmosphere derived from the models we originally developed in the early 1990s. The two new models share the same physical parameterizations but use two complementary numerical methods to solve the atmospheric dynamic equations. The vertical resolution near the surface has been refined, and the vertical domain has been extended to above 80 km. These changes are accompanied by the inclusion of state-of-the-art parameterizations to better simulate the dynamical and physical processes near the surface (boundary layer scheme, subgrid-scale topography parameterization, etc.) and at high altitude (gravity wave drag). In addition, radiative transfer calculations and the representation of polar processes have been significantly improved. We present some examples of zonal-mean fields from simulations using the model at several seasons. One relatively novel aspect, previously introduced by Wilson [1997], is that around northern winter solstice the strong pole to pole diabatic forcing creates a quasi-global, angular-momentum conserving Hadley cell which has no terrestrial equivalent. Within such a cell the Coriolis forces accelerate the winter meridional flow toward the pole and induce a strong warming of the middle polar atmosphere down to 25 km. This winter polar warming had been observed but not properly modeled until recently. In fact, thermal inversions are generally predicted above one, and often both, poles around 60–70 km. However, the Mars middle atmosphere above 40 km is found to be very model-sensitive and thus difficult to simulate accurately in the absence of observations.


Abstract Pigments are often used in water borne barrier coatings but tend to make the coatings prone to failure. The pigment properties effects on this issue is lacking in literature. In this work, coatings that used pigments with different moduli but with similar size and aspect ratio were characterized in terms of water vapor resistance before and after folding. Coatings with talc had better water vapor resistance than coatings with similar sized kaolin. Talc also limited the degradation of barrier properties when folded. Coatings with metalized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes had better failure resistance than coatings with similarly sized rigid mica. Both results are likely caused by the ability of the low modulus pigment to deform and allow for strain to occur in the pigment as well as the latex phase. Styrene-butadiene (SB) and natural rubber (NR) latex coatings had a better failure resistance than styrene-acrylate (SA) latex, which is likely due to their low glass transition temperatures and high strain-to-failure values. However, coatings with high amounts of SB or NR latex may lead to blocking issues in production. Adding kaolin into SA and SB latex mixtures resulted in improved water vapor barrier property and failure resistance.


I Resume The numbered Treaties in western Canada were negotiated between the British Crown and the Nehiyawak (Cree), Anishinabek (Sau~>t) and Nakota in the 1870s. These Treaties were made in order to haJJ> peopl~\live together in peace and to share the resources of the land. trea.....t.. y Six 'fias the largest Treaty and covered most of central Saskatchew~fl~tperta. VVhile many Cree leaders within this area accepted the tenns offered by the Crown, others such as Mistahi Maskwa resisted and sought better terms. By examining Treaty Six through the struggle of Mistahi Maskwa, new perspectives about the moral foundations of Canada arise in terms of both the past and the present. Les traites numerotes de l'Ouest canadien ont ete negociee par la Couronne britannique et les Cris, les Saulteaux et les Nakotas dans les annees 1870. Ces traites ont ete signes pour aider les peuples iii vivre ensemble pacifiquement et iii partager les ressources territoriales. Le Traite numero six, Ie plus important, couvrait la majeure partie du centre de la Saskatchewan et de l'Alberta. Bien que de nombreux chefs cris de cette region aient accepte les termes offerts par la Couronne, d'autres comme Mistahi Maskwa (Grand Ours) ont resiste et cherche iii obtenir de meilleurs tennes. L'analyse du Traite numero six, au regard de la lutte de Mistahi Maskwa, souleve de nouvelles perspectives sur les fondements morauxdu Canada tant dans Ie passe que de nos jours. The Canadian Journal of Native studies XIX, 1(1999):69-89.


This study focused on chemical and physical properties of Hydroxyapatite powder was prepared by burning bone and heat treating the obtained bone ash at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 1100 °C) in an air furnace. The black ash was converted to a white powder after heat treatment. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy that were done on heat treated powders in different temperatures indicated that the white powder was hydroxyapatite and did not contain any organic components of the bone. Furthermore, results of X-ray diffraction analysis were shown that phase transformation of the resulted hydroxyapatite to other calcium phosphate phases did not occur up to 1100 °C. X-ray fluorescence analyses revealed that calcium and phosphorous were the main elements and magnesium and sodium were present as minor impurities. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that Ca/P ratio of this natural hydroxyapatite varies between 1.46 and 2.01. The resulted material was found to be thermally stable up to 1100 °C. The density of natural hydroxyapatite heat treated at 800 °C was measured to be 3.187 g/cm3 .Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This paper studies the impact of daily official foreign exchange interventions on the Czech koruna???s exchange rate vis-??-vis the euro (German mark prior to 1999) from 1997 to 2002. Using both the event study methodology and a variety of GARCH models reveal that central bank interventions, especially koruna purchases were fairly ineffective from 1997 to mid-1998 compared to the size of the interventions. However, from mid-1998 to 2002, koruna sales were surprisingly effective in either smoothing the path of the exchange rate or even reversing the appreciating trend up to 60 days. Higher volatility triggered koruna purchases in the period from 1997 to mid-1998, which in turn leads to higher volatility. This suggests that the CNB tried in vain to calm the markets after the currency crisis. Koruna sales simply yield more forex rate volatility, a by-product of the monetary authorities??? efforts to counter excessive appreciation.


Because so many patients with cancer now are living longer as a result of targeted systemic therapies [4], skeletal metastases [7] and the pathological fractures they cause—especially to the hip—should force us to focus on how to improve the care of patients with this problem. In the current study, Varady and colleagues [18] do exactly this; they found that taking the time to medically prepare such complex patients for surgery does not compromise their postoperative outcomes in terms of surgical complications and perioperative mortality. This may be different than what we (think we) know about patients with osteoporotic hip fractures; studies suggest that delayed surgery in those patients is associated with a greater risk of complications and death [11], but whether that delay causes the excess complications remains controversial. However, what is most striking is that Varady and colleagues [18] have shown that the presence of disseminated disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In other words, patients with disseminated disease are high-risk surgical fixation patients and prophylactic fixation is likely to be safer for them. Although one can say this is intuitive, it does bring to light the imperative of identifying patients at risk for fracture, as surgery is safer for those undergoing prophylactic fixation compared to undergoing fixation after a fracture has occurred [15]. Based on this, healthcare systems can introduce policies that prioritize patients with cancer and disseminated disease into screening programs to identify fractures before they occur.


this article makes a brief introduction about the sorts and mechanism of fire retarded of some non-halogen fire retardants,which are usually used in fire retarded nylons.


Based on own experience and published data the authors analyze the features and specific components of anesthesia maintenance during mini-invasive cardiac valve surgery. The following clinically relevant aspects of anesthesia and perioperative intensive care were identified: preoperative patient selection and surgical and anesthesia risk prediction; one-lung ventilation; peripheral connection of circulation and specific features of its performance; control of oxygen delivery in the bed of aortic arch branches; and echocardiographic monitoring. The main risks and probable complications due to these interventions, such as cerebral hypoxia, respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, etc., are described. The mechanisms of their development and the modes of prevention and treatment are shown. Key words: anesthesia in cardiac surgery, mini-invasive cardiac surgery, one-lung ventilation, anesthesia during cardiac valve surgery.


Over the past decade, overdraft fees and abuses have spiraled out of control, snaring millions of consumers while generating billions in profits for banks. This paper explores why overdraft fees should be subject to a "reasonable and proportional" standard, how overdraft fees are currently excessive and unreasonable, and why the ability to charge excessive overdraft fees encourages banks to engage in abusive practices to maximize overdrafts. The paper also describes how excessive overdraft fees are contrary to a centuries-old legal doctrine that prohibits punitive damage clauses in contracts. It concludes with suggestions for legal avenues that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) can use to restore the standard of "reasonableness" to overdraft fees.


Road roughness represents a key parameter in pavement management systems as it affects driver?s riding comfort, pavement performance and Vehicle Operating Costs. Ride quality is related to in-vehicle vibration that, in turn, is dependent on the level of road roughness, on the speed chosen by the driver and on the inertial and mechanical characteristics of the vehicles. Several studies have highlighted that, under certain conditions, driver may be induced to vary his speed in order to reach an acceptable in-vehicle vibration level according to his subjective exposure threshold. In this paper, a further contribution on this issue is presented. A dynamic driving simulator (DDS) employing a real car fixed on a 6 degrees of freedom motion platform is currently operating at the TEST Laboratory in Naples. The DDS system is able to reproduce most of the accelerations the occupants feel, in particular those arising from turning and braking maneuvers and from dynamic interaction with pavement surface singular irregularities. A team of researchers from University of Naples "Federico II", Second University of Naples, University of Cassino (and the Oktal Company) have improved the system allowing the implementation of a module simulating vehicle vibrations induced by distributed irregularities. In this paper, the development of the vibration simulation module and the results from preliminary experimental calibration procedures are briefly reported. The initial outcomes of the performed tests seem to fairly agree with similar published results derived from technical literature.


To scope with the challenges posed by pervasive computing, a service discovery model is needed that can resolve security and effectively issues for pervasive computing. In the paper we present a trust-based dynamic secure service discovery model, and we use SAO architecture in our scheme. We classify the services that can be provided by devices in pervasive environment into three levels, different level of services being discovered in different manners. In this paper we also incorporate a trust manage model to calculate the trust value of a service requestor.


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A commentary published in the November issue of Canadian Family Physician stated that annual physical examinations are no longer necessary: "The traditional annual physical examination of asymptomatic adults is not supported by evidence of effectiveness and might result in harm


The measurements and analysis of the emission spectra both of atmospheric-pressure electrode microwave discharge in argon flow and cold plasma jet induced by the discharge are conducted. We used experimental setup based on the previously developed multipurpose 2.45-Hz-plasmatron with the external portable discharge chamber (plasma torch) with the outlet of 2.5 cm in diameter and power of about several hundred watts. Discharge chamber has 6 rod-like electrodes which form a regular hexagon in a cross section of the torch. Discharge channels are formed between the ends of the electrodes and the inner wall of the chamber. Molecular bands of NO, OH, N2, NH and atomic lines of Ar were found in the spectrum of the discharge channels. Based on the analysis of the spectra, it was shown that the gas temperature in the discharge channel was about 1200 K. In the cold plasma jet spectrum, due to its weak luminescence, only the molecular lines OH and N2 were reliably observed.


This paper addresses a new relaying scheme for identifying the inrush current and short circuit current caused by internal fault on the basis of sudden changes detection using novel morphological gradient (NMG), transient current signals are then extracted by use of morphological opening and closing transform. Based on different characteristics of transient signals between the short circuit current and the inrush current, the transformer protection method is proposed. This method can avoid the symmetrical inrush current and saturation of current transformer (CTs). The results of Electrical Power Dynamic Laboratory (EPDL) indicate that the proposed technique can also deal with the sampled data contaminated with various kinds of noises and DC components and is stable during internal faults with external shunt capacitance in a long EHV transmission line


Embodiments of the invention generally relate to a configurable multi-mode driver and a receiver. Example communication systems include a communication channel and a first and second devices coupled to the communication channel. The first device includes a driver means for driving a data signal, a plurality of circuit means includes a driver circuit and a driving circuit for receiving the device, wherein the circuit is a driver circuit for the terminal resistor means being configurable, and in the communication channel each circuit consists of one or more units, these units are the equalization circuit controls the drive means being configurable. The second device comprises a receiver for receiving a data signal from a communication channel as input. The first device or the second device according to any one configurable circuit comprises a plurality of elements for providing system control signal reflection.


On its way to the European Union, the Republic of Croatia needs to adopt a large body of legislation (the acquis communautaire). This process implies change not only of legislation but also of the institutional framework and development strategies, and consequently policy instruments and measures in all domains. The paper examines some of the requirements occurring in the field of the environmental protection, especially those regarding air, water, and waste. The implications of adjustments, in terms of activities, costs and benefits, are discussed. Finally, some policy recommendations are presented, aiming to pinpoint the main risks and "hot spots" that might occur in the environmental management system and consequently cause adverse effects to both population and economy.


Introduction: Surgical safety checklists (SSCs) aim to create a safe operating room environment for surgical patients. Provider attitudes toward checklists affect their ability to prevent harm. Pediatric surgeons' perceptions surrounding SSCs, and their role in improving patient safety, are unknown. Methods: American Pediatric Surgical Association members conducted an online survey to evaluate the use of and attitudes toward SSCs. The survey measured surgeons' perceptions of checklists, including the components that make them effective and barriers to participation. To better evaluate the available data on SSCs, the authors performed a systematic literature review on the use of SSCs with a focus on pediatric studies. Results: Of the 353 survey respondents, 93.6% use SSCs and 62.6% would want one used in their own child's operation, but only 54.7% felt that checklists improve patient safety. Reasons for checklist skepticism included the length of the checklist process, a distraction from thoughtful patient care, and lack of data supporting use. Literature review shows that checklists improve communication, promote teamwork, and identify errors, but do not necessarily decrease morbidity. Staff perception is a major barrier to implementation. Conclusions: Almost all pediatric surgeons participate in SSCs at their institutions, but many question their benefit. Better pediatric surgeon engagement in checklist use is needed to change the safety culture, improve operating room communication, and prevent harm.


Automatic repeat-request (ARQ) protocols for two-user cooperative diversity system employing Alamouti space-time coding are investigated in this paper. A whole cooperative transmit frame of the original cooperative system consists of three sub-frames. According to different feedback schedules in a transmit frame at the destination, two basic ARQ protocols, namely post-cooperating and pre-cooperating, are proposed and analyzed. We show that both proposed ARQ protocols can improve the throughput in two-user cooperative system. Pre-cooperating protocol yields 50% gains in users' throughput than post-cooperating protocol if both users have high user-destination average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination. Nevertheless, if both of user-destination average received SNRs are low, post-cooperating protocol is more effective than pre-cooperating protocol. Proposed protocols provide useful basic tools for designing more complicated ARQ protocols. Finally, simulation results verify our analysis.


AbstractThe production. of oil and gas from deeper seas and deeper wells means that crude oil is now to befound at higher temperatures than previously experienced. It is expected that oil from wells with bottom hole temperatures of up to 300°C will be produced in thefuture. To model the effect of elevated external skin temperature on the effectiveness of the cathodic protection of an uncoated steel riser, three sea water cells were used, each of which consisted of a fabrication comprised of a simulated riser housing a cartridge heater, a sacrificial anode, and measuring instrumentation. After a preliminary aging period under cathodic protection at low temperature to allow a calcareous deposit to form on the substrate, the heaters were switched on and the specimens were subjected to temperatures in the range 40–90°C, and the applied current density to achieve a suitable level of cathodic protection was recorded. The results, which are discussed in the context of previous studies, show that there is no simp...


High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! USC&GS Isis was a survey ship that served in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1915 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1920. Isis was built as a private yacht of the same name for William S. and John T. Spaulding of Boston, Massachusetts, by Marvel''s Yard at Newburgh, New York and launched on 10 December 1901. She was fitted out at Fletcher''s Shipyard at Hoboken, New Jersey, and completed in 1902. The Coast and Geodetic Survey acquired her from her owners in 1915 and placed her in service as a survey ship that year. She operated along the United States East Coast, used by Ernest Lester Jones -- Director of the Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1915 to 1929 -- to ferry dignitaries about in addition to her hydrographic survey work.


During software evolution, the software structure, which mainly consists of modular abstractions (such as packages) erodes more or less slowly. Modernizing the software structure, with remodularization approaches, is an important issue with several variants. In this paper we explore the issue of redistributing classes of a package to other packages. We use an approach based on Formal Concept Analysis to determine the packages that receive the redistributed classes. Keyword: Software Modularization, Formal Concept Analysis.


As organizations embrace globalization, procurement must assess international supply markets and secure partnerships with key suppliers from all over the world. In fact, as local companies continue to expand their operations internationally, they remain bound to local financial institutions and their fees. This article proposes a model aimed at minimizing transaction fees by introducing an architecture and a prototype enabling "low-fee" transaction processing between customers and suppliers across the entire supply chain. The notion of web services is proposed as a communications method to open up options to new and international financial institutions. Vendors can now negotiate fees with financial institutions from all over the world. Both the literature review and the prototype clearly demonstrate that a more efficient and cost-effective solution and technology is on the horizon to support globalization and minimize supply chain transaction costs.


The importance of the recycling of resources is continuously increasing in Europe and around the world. The major driver is the scarcity of both natural resources and disposal capacities. In this context, the efficient design of logistics processes is of high importance as high costs for collection, return, treatment and redistribution are combined with a low value added. There are already some (logistics) recycling concepts for quantitatively significant material flows like packaging materials, high-quality products like end-of-life vehicles or very hazardous products like batteries. However, the problem remains unsolved for those end-of-life products that have 'a bit of everything but not enough of anything': household appliances. For these end-of-life products, logistics plant concepts have been developed that accommodate the high number of options and the low value added.


This brief historical review focuses on durum wheat domestication and breeding in the Mediterranean region. Important milestones in durum wheat breeding programs across the countries of the Mediterranean basin before and after the Green Revolution are discussed. Additionally, the main achievements of the classical breeding methodology are presented using a comparison of old and new cultivars. Furthermore, current breeding goals and challenges are analyzed. An overview of classical breeding methods in combination with current molecular techniques and tools for cultivar development is presented. Important issues of seed quality are outlined, focusing on protein and characteristics that affect human health and are connected with the consumption of wheat end-products.


Accelerator-driven sub-critical reactors use intense neutron fluxes produced through spallation reactions in a heavy metal target. During the last years, new high-quality experimental data have been collected leading to a better understanding of the spallation reaction mechanism and to the development of more reliable spallation models. Examples of recent experimental data and model improvements are presented. The impact on target design, radioactivity production and material damage are discussed. The importance of benchmarking the available models against well chosen experimental data is also emphasized.


Teaching material developments are the foremost contents of courses developing higher education etc. and is also main form of classic fruits.Teaching material affect quantity directly. Establishing the evaluation system of a fairly objective teaching material for is right to encourage with use of the outstanding teaching material.It will have objective and positive meaning,to stop the scholarship unhealthy tendency, to norm scholarship activity, and promote teaching science exaltation development, pushing teaching material developments with teaching quantity.


In this paper, the investigation of 10 channels at 80-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission over 910-km single-mode fiber and dispersion compensating fiber using cascaded in-line semiconductor optical amplifiers at a span of 70 km for soliton return zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) modulation format is achieved. With the narrow channel spacing (i.e., 200 GHz), the results of quality is more than 15 dB the received signals after covering 910-km transmission distance without any power drop. The semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) structure parameters for in-line amplifier is optimized to obtain low cross talk in multichannel WDM systems at nil power penalty with sufficient gain. For the differential gain 200 atto cm 2 and length 750 mm of SOA has minimum SOA-induced cross talk is observed. The impact of optical power received and the Q factor at different differential gain, carrier lifetime, and length has been illustrated. It is found that for a transmission distance of 700 km, with decrease the channel spacing, there is an increase in cross talk among channels, hence the signal quality continues to decrease. A clear eye diagram and a good optical spectrum are observed at a transmission distance of 910 km in a soliton RZ-DPSK system.


Anisotropic morphologies and the phase behaviour of a hydrogen-bonded LC polymer obtained by photopolymerization in two kinds of LC solvent are discussed. The hydrogen-bonded LC monomer, 4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy) benzoic acid (A6OBA), was photopolymerized in 4-cyano-4′-hexyloxybiphenyl (6OCB) and in 4-cyano-4′-undecyloxybiphenyl (11OCB), which show a nematic phase and a smectic A phase, respectively. After photo-polymerization, the LC media were removed by extraction and the pure polymer was observed by scanning electron microscopy. SEM images showed that the polymer possessed fibrous morphology with a fibre diameter of a few micrometers, based on polymerization-induced phase separation. The overall geometries reflected typical LC characteristics such as schlieren and focal-conic fan textures. It was found that the hydrogen bond between benzoic acid groups in the monomer was rigid enough to fix the anisotropic phase-separated structure forming during the early stage of phase separation; however, it could not permanently maintain the fibre structure due to dissociation at elevated temperature. X-ray measurements revealed that a well developed layer structure of the hydrogen-bonded mesogen existed in the polymer obtained from the smectic phase of 11OCB, whereas a polymer layer structure could develop only partially from the nematic phase of 6OCB.


Semiconductor nanonstructures have received significant attention over the last decades as their optical and electronic properties can differ drastically from bulk materials, due to the reduction in size down to just a few nanometers. One classifies semiconductor nanostructures by the number of dimensions in which carriers can move freely, leading to quantum dots (quasi 0D materials), quantum wires (quasi 1D materials), and quantum wells (quasi 2D materials) [1,2]. Their remarkable and designable optical properties gave rise to many research areas and are still investigated intensively [3–5]. One of the rather novel fields is semiconductor quantum optics, in which the light-matter interaction is described on a fully-quantized level by the coupling to photon states [6]. Since quantum light includes more degrees of freedom and information than classical light [7, 8], several aspects in this field are not yet well understood. In this report, we consider a semiconductor nanostructure in an optical cavity that is coupled to quantum light. We describe the semiconductor nanostructure with a parabolic band structure in a 1D k-space, while we assume a single-mode quantum field. The 1D system is chosen for simplicity in both the analytical and the numerical treatment and paves the way for the description of 2D structures in the future. Therefore, instead of using parameters which are realistic for 1D systems, we rather use parameters which qualitatively correspond to 2D GaAs structures.


Background and Purpose— Numerous studies have documented under use of warfarin particularly among elderly patients. A better understanding of the discrepancy between trials and clinical practice will help inform stroke prevention strategies in this vulnerable age group. The study objective was to prospectively assess the use of antithrombotic therapy among a contemporary cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation at the time of hospital discharge. In addition to baseline characteristics, we sought to define the physician-cited reason for not prescribing warfarin for each patient. Methods— Patients with atrial fibrillation were prospectively identified and followed to hospital discharge. Enrolled patients were ≥65 years of age, not taking warfarin on admission, and had their longitudinal care provided at our institution. Predictors of warfarin use were determined and physician-cited contraindications were compared across age groups. Results— Fifty-one percent (n=206) of patients were discharged on warfarin: 75% of those 65 to 69 years of age, 59% 70 to 79, 45% 80 to 89, and 24% age ≥90 years. Of the remaining 199 patients, 83% had ≥2 major risk factors for stroke, and 98% were felt to have contraindications including nearly 25% who were unable to tolerate warfarin in the past. Among patients age ≥80, falling was the most often physician-cited reason for not prescribing warfarin (41%) followed by hemorrhage (28%). Conclusion— Our findings suggest that many elderly patients at high risk for stroke may not be optimal candidates for anticoagulant therapy. There is a pressing need for alternative stroke prevention strategies for this expanding patient population.


We live, simultaneously, in two worlds. On the one hand, we live in a world occupied and defined by our close relationships - those of family, neighborhood, and community - in which we cooperate with others who are very much known to us, sometimes in intimate detail. At the same time that we inhabit this world, we inhabit another world in which the food we eat, the garments we wear, the buildings we inhabit, and the technology we deploy are produced by multitudes of others distant and unknown to us. As producers in this world, we cooperate with countless others, again unknown to us, to bring about the goods and services we offer. Depending on the kinds of goods and services we produce, we may never directly encounter those who benefit from our efforts.


Mine walking equipment automatic rolling cable system is widely used.Taking a hydraulic drive automatic cable wind-ing system as example,the working principles of automatic rolling cable back and forward were explained in detail,the logic relationbetween rolling cable and walking was explained through list.It provides protection for the correct use and safety production in coalmine walking equipment automatic rolling cable system.


Dhumapana is a medicated smoke inhalation procedure of dincharya regimen mentioned in Ayurveda text. Dhumapana is a procedure which is used as a preventive measure as well as promotive and curative method. It prevents vitiated vata and Kapha generated Urdhva jatrugata vyadhi (heaviness of head, headache, rhinitis, pain in eyes, ear, cough etc.). Vitiated kapha situated in the head is eliminated very fast by dhumapana. So, after application of collyrium smoking is prescribed. Inhalation of dhuma (smoke) from the dhumavarti(medicated cigar) which is made up of using different herbal drugs by placing it in dhumanetra, an instrument used for smoking. Dhumpana works as both shamana and shodhana therapy for vitiated dosha. The detailed description about the concept of dhumpana as mentioned in Ayurveda is elaborated in this article. KeywordsDhumapana, urdha-jatrugata vyadhi, dhumavarti, smoking. This work is licensed under a creative attribution -Non-commercial-No derivatives 4.0 International License commons How to cite this article: Kaur H, Rani S "A Review Study On The Concept Of Dhumapana: A Procedure Of Dincharya" IRJAY. [Online] 2021;4(8): 166-171. Available from: http://irjay.com; DOI:https://doi.org/10.47223/IRJAY.2021.4822 A Review Study On The Concept Of Dhumapana: A Procedure Of Dincharya Harjeet Kaur, Seema Rani P a g e | 167 REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN NO. 2581-785X IRJAY IS OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BALA G PUBLICATION INTRODUCTION


This study aims to analyse the progress of FTA between Korea and Turkey and develop our countermeasures which will enhance economic cooperation...


From the spread of Renaissance humanist ideas and expansion of universities to the Reformation and the emergence of the bourgeois public sphere, the impact of the printing press on Western society ...


Abstract: Miniglucagon, or glucagon‐[19–29], is partially processed from glucagon in its target tissues where it modulates the glucagon action. In the islets of Langerhans, the glucagon‐producing A cells contain miniglucagon at a significant level (2–5% of the glucagon content). We studied a possible control of insulin release by miniglucagon using as a model the MIN6 cell line. Miniglucagon, in the 10−14 to 10−9 M range, inhibited insulin release induced by glucose, glucagon, tGLP‐1, or glibenclamide by 85–100% with an IC50 close to 1 pM. While no change in the cyclic AMP content was noted, Ca2+ influx was reduced in parallel with the inhibition of insulin release. Use of pharmacological modulators of L‐type voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ channels and bacterial toxins indicates that miniglucagon blocks insulin release by closing this type of channel via a pertussis toxin‐sensitive G protein. Miniglucagon is a novel, possibly physiologically relevant, local regulator of islet function.


0 d 0 eceived November 25, 003; revised and ccepted March 8, 2004. upport for conceptualizing he TwoDay Method, mplementing the efficacy tudy, and preparing this rticle was provided by the nstitute for Reproductive ealth, Georgetown niversity, which is funded nder a cooperative greement HRN-A-00-970011-00 with the United tates Agency for nternational Development USAID). The views xpressed by the authors o not necessarily reflect he views or policies of SAID or Georgetown niversity. The TwoDay ethod is a trademark wned by the Institute for eproductive Health, eorgetown University. eprint requests: Marcos révalo, M.D., Institute for eproductive Health, eorgetown University, 301 Connecticut Avenue, W, Washington, DC 0008 (FAX: 202-537-7450; -mail: irhinfo@georgetown.


This case presents the treatment of a seventeen-year-old male for anxiety disorder. The treatment focused on cognitive exposure therapy and in-vivo exposure for family and school-based concerns. Since the completion of treatment, the client has had success at a traditional boarding school and has had not been limited by anxiety. Background Information Jack arrived at WayPoint Academy at the age of 17 years and 6 months. He grew up as the only child of single mother, Mary. His biological father had a brief relationship with his mother but they never married. Jack's interaction with his father was intermittent and sporadic, as his father lived in a different state. There were times that Jack had no contact with his father for years. During the pregnancy, Mary reported her first episode with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), which was evident primarily in contamination fears. Convinced the world around her was contaminated, Mary was propelled into a host of compulsive rituals. She thought the public water supply was contaminated and hence she purchased "pure" water in one-gallon bottles. The "pure" water usage ranged from personal hygiene (showers, brushing teeth) to washing dishes and drinking water for the family and the family pet. The cost of the "pure" water prevented the family members from taking regular showers and the timely washing of clothing and bedding, which, paradoxically contributed to the decline in overall hygiene of the home. Mary's contamination fear morphed into related obsessions. The "contaminated" outside air "forced" the family to stay indoors for long periods of time. Shopping trips were followed with elaborate "cleansing" rituals. Because of the rarity of outside shopping trips, the "pure" water supply was limited and dirty dishes, pots, and pans were found throughout the apartment. The same was true for items of clothing.


By using other detection devices, as well as reduce the time to use the travel information of other vehicles by accurate detection device to the alarm and control, it continues to supplement the other vehicle when the detection is lost. Vehicle controller is connected to the sensor as a communication device and a second detector as a first detector for outputting a running information of the other vehicle. The controller is a first difference between the first traveling information from the detection device and the second travel information from the second detector is less than or equal to the threshold a predetermined, second from the second detector when the detection duration of the travel information is less than the threshold value which defines a time duration for identification, a first drive information and the second drive information are determined to both a travel information of the same of the other vehicle, a second detector It makes available a second traveling information from the device. Identifying continuous period of time is shorter than the detection duration determined for other vehicle detection by the sensor itself. Further, the controller second travel information when no output from the second detector, the first drive information and the travel information of the other vehicle.


A virtual prototype technology is introduced,and the virtual prototype model of hydraulic nog is established and analyzed in this paper.The results obtained show that the applying of the virtual prototype technology is feasible and effective on the study of hydraulic nog,this method offers a new method to the characteristics analysis of hydraulic nog.


Topological edge states arise in parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$)-symmetric non-unitary quantum dynamics but have so far only been discussed in the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry-unbroken regime. Here we report the experimental detection of robust topological edge states in one-dimensional photonic quantum walks with spontaneously broken $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, thus establishing the existence of topological phenomena therein. We theoretically prove and experimentally confirm that the global Berry phase in non-unitary quantum-walk dynamics unambiguously defines topological invariants of the system in both the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry-unbroken and broken regimes. As topological edge states exist in both $\mathcal{PT}$ unbroken and broken regimes, we reveal that topological phenomena are not driven by $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry.


Objective To assess the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) vessels in patients with breast reconstruction flaps by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) reconstruction techniques.Methods Conventional ultrasound,CEUS and 3DUS were used to evaluate DIEP vessels of breast reconstruction flaps in 43 patients before surgical procedures.The identification,localization and spatial relationship of DIEP vessels were analyzed with conventional ultrasound,CEUS and 3DUS methods.The findings of CEUS and 3DUS were compared to conventional ultrasound and surgical outcome.Results Compared to CDFI,40 cases (93%) were observed more clearly with CEUS,and were showed more accurately than conventional ultrasound.41 cases (95%) could be displayed wonderfully in 3D ultrasound.Perforators which were detected by ultrasound were confirmed in the surgery and the transferred flaps survived completely.Conclusions Perforators can be displayed more clearly and located more accurately by CEUS and 3DUS.CEUS and 3DUS could play a very important role in the preoperative navigation of the DIEP than conventional ultrasound.

Key words:
Ultrasonography;  Microbubbles ;  Surgical flaps ;  Perforator vessels


ABSTRACT:This paper addresses the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing timely and accurate information on the impact of the current pandemic on income and poverty to inform the targeting of resources to those most affected and assess the success of current efforts. We construct new measures of the income distribution and poverty with a lag of only a few weeks using high-frequency data from the Basic Monthly Current Population Survey (CPS), which collects income information for a large, representative sample of US families. Because the family income data for this project are rarely used, we validate this timely measure of income by comparing historical estimates that rely on these data to estimates from data on income and consumption that have been used much more broadly. Our results indicate that at the start of the pandemic, government policy effectively countered its effects on incomes, leading poverty to fall and low percentiles of income to rise across a range of demographic groups and geographies. Simulations that rely on the detailed CPS data and that closely match total government payments made show that the entire decline in poverty that we find can be accounted for by the rise in government assistance, including unemployment insurance benefits and the Economic Impact Payments. Our simulations further indicate that of those losing employment the vast majority received unemployment insurance, though this was less true early on in the pandemic, and receipt was uneven across the states, with some states not reaching a large share of their out of work residents. Updated results during the pandemic for a subset of the tables in this article can be found at povertymeasurement.org.


This paper describes the goals, methods, approaches, and preliminary results of a research task within the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC). Evidence across the Services and industry has affirmed digital engineering is a critical practice necessary to support acquisition in an environment of increasing global challenges, dynamic threats, rapidly evolving technologies, and increasing life expectancy of our systems currently in operation. Digital engineering updates the systems engineering practices to take full advantage of computational technology, modeling, data analytics, and data sciences. The Department of Defense's vision for digital engineering is to modernize how the Department designs, develops, delivers, operates, and sustains systems, while continuing to practice systems engineering efficiently and effectively. Digital transformation is fundamentally changing the way acquisition and engineering are performed across a wide range of government agencies, industries, and academia. As the Department of Defense transitions to digital engineering, there is a need to develop and maintain an acquisition workforce and culture that is literate in model-based engineering, competent in digital engineering models, methods, tools, and understands digital artifacts across the acquisition lifecycle.This paper outlines the development of the Digital Engineering Competency Framework by the Systems Engineering Research Center. The purpose of the Digital Engineering Competency Framework is to provide clear guidance for the Department of Defense acquisition workforce, in particular the engineering acquisition workforce, through clearly defined competencies that illuminate the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors required for digital engineering professionals. The approach taken to develop the Digital Engineering Competency Framework draws from existing competency models discovered during a literature search and from the practicing Digital Engineering community. The development process for the Digital Engineering Competency Framework relied initially on literature findings to develop a draft model that was reviewed by subject matter experts through a series of workshops. No existing competency models focused on digital engineering (or model-based systems engineering or model-based engineering) were found during the literature review. However, several related competency models were identified, and these informed the initial draft model. At appropriate points, the draft model(s) were assessed through community presentations and industry review and appropriate revisions were made.The Digital Engineering Competency Framework has currently completed several iterations of subject matter expert review and revisions and is approaching a finalized general structure. The overarching structure of the DECF will consist of competency areas, proficiency levels within the competency, and constituting knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors. The specific knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors that will be associated with each competency area are the primary elements still changing in current iterations. Once the model is finalized, it will be compared with the existing Defense Acquisition University curriculum to determine what elements of such existing curriculum already support these competencies. Gaps will be noted, and training recommendations will be developed. As with the development of the model itself, this will be an iterative process. Another critical use case for the Digital Engineering Competency Framework is to enable hiring for Digital Engineering Positions, given Competency models and frameworks are used by hiring managers to ensure that individuals have the required and appropriate skillsets to adequately perform their jobs.


Quasi perfect binary array pairs,a new perfect signal was defined in this paper.It was laid on the basis of perfect binary array?quasi perfect binary array and perfect binary array pairs.The size and the transform features of quasi perfect binary array pairs were also discussed.And by analyzing its Fourier spectrum,some good results are got.Besides,the quasi-perfect binary array pairs of size 2 to 24 were searched out by computer.


High-resolution inverse Raman experiments for H[sub 2] dilute in Ar [R. L. Farrow [ital et] [ital al]., Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 746 (1989)] have revealed remarkable deviations from the usual linear mixing rule for the [ital Q]-line broadening. They have been interpreted using a line-profile model that takes into account the spectral narrowing induced by speed-changing collisions. The present approach includes the role of collisions changing both speed and phase, leading to an alternative interpretation of the above-noted experiments. This interpretation generalizes the earlier study and points out the various mechanisms of line formation.


The writer in the article first analyzes the causes of college students' imperfect language communication ability from the aspects of cultural influence,methodology,teaching techniques,and material resources and then puts forwards some countermeasures on improving the students' language communication ability in the course of teaching programmes designing and campus cultural construction.


The performance characteristics and synthesises of pressure sensitive adhesives are introduced for polarizer and reviewed the current situation of research for this kind of adhesive abroad by analysising the patents of mainly manufactures. The future prospect of this kind of adhesive was also introduced.


For the issue of information security brought by the development of information society,the characteristics of information security disciplines 、information security professional and academic development and the status quo,information security disciplines and their professional status and role of education are analyzed.Huaiyin Institute of Technology raised the direction of information security professional training system of knowledge,reflecting that information security and computer and mathematics is based on the characteristics of cross-disciplinary,presenting teaching practice the achievements and shortcomings of the direction of information security professional.


Holography is a highly sensitive and versatile technique. It is essentially a surface technique; however, because of its very high sensitivity, it could be used to obtain the subsurface and interior details of the object as well. This paper describes some of the results of studies that were conducted to determine the extent of the holographic technique's applicability for the NDT of propellant grains, particularly for the detection and characterization of inner defects. The various aspects studied include the type and extent of loading, characterization of fringe anomalies, and the specific advantages of the technique. The appropriate loading procedure and the methodology of interpretation are established. The theoretical basis for the method is also presented. The study showed that HNDT can be used for the detection and characterization of the inner defects as well.


These notes focus mainly on the model theory of algebraically closed valued fields (loosely referred to as ACVF). This subject begins with work by A. Robinson in the 1950s (see the proof of model completeness of algebraically closed valued fields in [41]). Thus, it predates the major work of Ax-Kochen and Ershov around 1963; and, unlike the latter (and much subsequent work on quantifier elimination for henselian fields), the model theory of algebraically closed valued fields is also well understood in residue characteristic p. The viewpoint given is motivated by ideas from stability and o-minimality. My main purpose is to make more accessible the background to some recent work of Hrushovski and co-authors – see for example [19], [20], [21]. The bulk of the material for these notes is from [14], [15]. There is considerable overlap with some notes of David Lippel and myself, for a similar tutorial series for the workshop 'An Introduction to Recent Applications of Model Theory' at the Newton Institute, Cambridge, March 2005. The context algebraically closed valued fields may seem rather specific. However, there is a geometric viewpoint whereby an algebraically closed valued field is a universal domain for an arbitrary valued field (of appropriate characteristics). Model-theoretic results on ACVF will yield information on quantifier-free definable sets in any valued field.


A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the extent of changes in sunflower oil under auto-, and -photo-oxidation conditions. Freshly prepared refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) samples of Sunflower oil (SFO) were subjected to auto- and photo-oxidation. The free-fatty acid (FFA) contents of the auto- and-photo- oxidized samples increased from 0.056 to 0.290% and from 0.056 to 0.369%, respectively. The relative increase in the values of RI (40oC), Peroxide value, P-anisidine, conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes of the auto- and- photo- oxidized samples were found to be 1.4635-1.4671 and 1.4635-1.4672, 0.85-7.09 and 0.85-17.3 meq/kg, 1.45-10.03, 1.45- 17.16, 0.09-15.5 and 0.09-19.3, 0.15-13.4 and 0.15-15.5, respectively. The iodine values were found to decrease from 139-127.5 and 139-123.3 for auto- and- photo- oxidized samples, respectively. From the results of various investigated parameters, it was concluded that the oxidative deterioration level of the photo-oxidized SFO samples is more as compared to that of auto- oxidation. Based on this study, it is proposed that efforts should be made to minimize the hazard of photo-oxidation during the transportation and storage of such oils.


This study aimed to examine comprehensively the effect of the application of REACT learning models based on the Malay cultural context of Riau on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The research was a quasi-experimental research with Pretest-post-test control group design. The sample of this study was all students of class VII SMP 12 Pekanbaru. The results of data analysis were: (1) There was a difference of the mathematical problem-solving ability of Pekanbaru junior high school students between who learned to use REACT learning models based on the Malay cultural context of Riau and students who studied with conventional learning; (2) There was a difference of the mathematical problem-solving ability of Pekanbaru junior high school students between who learned to use REACT learning models based on the Malay cultural context of Riau and students who studied with conventional learning in terms of aspects of student ability levels, (3) There was no interaction between the learning model and the level of students' ability to the ability to solve mathematical problems; (4) There was a difference in the mathematical problem-solving ability of Pekanbaru junior high school students who learned to use the REACT learning model based on the Malay Malay cultural context in terms of aspects of student ability levels.


Objective To investigate the protective effects of GST-22 on the neuronal death induced by transient cerebral ischemia.Methods Transient(15 min) brain ischemia was induced by the four-vessel occlusion in Sprague-Dawley rats.The rats were given GST-22 30 mg/kg ip before or 1 h after ischemia.After 5 days of reperfusion,the rats were perfusion-fixed with paraformaldehyde,the brain sections were stained with crystle violet to examine the survival of CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus.Results It was found that administration of GST-22(30 mg/kg) could significantly decrease neuronal degeneration.Conclusions In view of the potent protective effect in cerebral ischemia,GST-22 can be a promising neuroprotective agent for stroke.


Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic hemoglobinopathy with clinical and epidemiological relevance. Its clinical manifestations directly affect the quality of life of affected individuals. There is a gap in the literature regarding the approach to aspects related to the sexual and reproductive health of people with sickle cell disease, especially in the female population, given that most of the available studies evaluated men. The aim of this study was to assess the sexual health of adult women with SCD.

 The aim of this study was to assess the sexual health of adult women with SCD.

 We prospectively evaluated 29 women with SCD with a median age 34 (26.5 - 40). Nineteen women had HbSS and 10 HbSC hemoglobinopathies. Quantitative data on sociodemographic, biological, and clinical characteristics were collected. Sexual dysfunction was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

 The median age at diagnosis was 9(1-22) years old, the median age at menarche was 14(13-15) years, and the onset of sexual life occurred on average at 19(16-20) years. Sexual activity was reported by 75.8%. Of the sexually active patients, 40.9% had impaired sexual function (the FSFI total score < 26.55). The Median, FSFI score was 23.5 (1-32.5). The median scores of each domain are detailed in fig 1.The most prevalent sexual dysfunction was hypoactive desire, reported by 72.7% of women.

 Sexual function is tremendously affected by SCD in most women. They present a significant decrease in overall satisfaction with sexual life and markedly reduced sexual desire and orgasmic function.

 No


| Commonly found in commercial and backyard poultry productions, Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria spp. presents a self-limiting intestinal infection based on the number of ingested oocysts. Intestinal replication of the parasite causes severe morphological alterations to the host`s gastrointestinal tract (GIT), marked, among others, by the disruption of the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study is to elucidate the dynamics of the intestinal barrier and parasite development, analyzing intestinal permeability elicited by Eimeria (E.) maxima infection and the ontogeny of lesion development throughout the first 10 days of infection. We herein demonstrate that infection with E. maxima leads to disruption of the intestinal barrier peaking at 6 days post infection (dpi). E. maxima down regulates mRNA expression of occludin and upregulates claudin-1 and JAM-2, indicating vasodilation, altered ion influx and intensive cell replication. This study also presents strong indicatives of a second peak of E. maxima replication following oocyst shedding, without reinfection.


In order to verify that the tilt gage tracks the motion of the pelvis, a study was performed to compare pelvic motion, in this case rotation, measured by the pelvic motion device (PMD) with the motion measured by the tilt gage alone. Seven subjects (five men, two women) were tested. A regression model was used to assess the degree of accuracy in predicting the actual PMD angle from the voltage on the tilt gage. It is shown that a change of 1 V in the tilt gage resulted in decreases of 7.67 degrees on the PMD. The regression model explained 96.8% of the variability in PMD angle. The tilt sensor provides an accurate measure of the angle of tilt of the pelvis. The technique provides continuous monitoring of pelvic tilt in a sitting position.<<ETX>>


The specificity of the relationship between cnidarian hosts and symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) differs among host species. Some cnidarian hosts can establish symbiotic relationship with various types of zooxanthellae, while others exhibit high fidelity to specific symbiont type. It is not known how compatibility or specificity of the relationship is determined. We hypothesized that some cnidarian hosts select symbiont type that leads to highest fitness when the host is flexible with symbiont type and more than one types of symbionts are available. As a first step to study this possibility, compatibility of clonal polyps of Cassiopea sp. with six strains of cultured zooxanthellae and the fitness of the host associated with different types of symbionts were studied. Polyp diameter was measured and the number of asexual buds were calculated as a measure of host fitness. The number of zooxanthellae in host and in asexual buds was also measured as a measure of symbiont fitness. Three strains KB8 (clade A), Y106 (clade A), and K100 (clade B) were compatible with the Cassiopea polyps, while other three strains, Y103 (clade C), K111 (clade D), and K102 (clade F) were incompatible. No clear difference in the fitness was found among the polyps inoculated with compatible and incompatible symbiont strains. In one experiment, a compatible strain Y106 seemed to decrease host fitness, but this should be checked by further studies. This study suggests that feeding regimes and long observation period might be important when fitness of hosts associated with different types of symbionts is investigated.


This paper addresses a new surface reconstruction scheme for approximating the isosurface from a set of tomographic cross sectional images. Differently from the novel Marching cube algorithm, our method does not extract iso-density surface(isosurface) directly from the voxels but calculates the iso-density point(isopoint) first. After building the relatively coarse initial mesh by the Cell-boundary algorithm approximating the isosurface, it produces the final isosurface by iteratively shrinking and smoothing the initial mesh. Comparing with the Marching Cube algorithm, our method is robust and does not make any crack in resulting surface model. Furthermore, the proposed method surmounts the O(1)-adjacency limitation of MC in defining the isopoints by permitting the O(2) and O(3)-adjacent isopoints in surface reconstruction, and can produce more accurate isosurface. According to experiments, it is proved to be very robust and efficient for isosurface reconstruction from cross sectional images.


Introduction. – Prognosis of schizophrenia has not significantly improved despite extensive research. There is often a relatively long delay between onset of symptoms and treatment initiation. Lately, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), the time between the onset of psychosis and initiation of treatment, has been one of the most studied variables in patients presenting for a first psychotic episode in order to evaluate the impact of early intervention on the prognosis of schizophrenia. In the literature, a variety of criteria have been used to define both transition to psychosis and initiation of treatment. Furthermore, the dating of both of these variables is usually retrospective, further complicating the measurement of


Copyright © 2003, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. ABSTRACT In this chapter the author proposes the different approaches for defining operators able to manipulate this multidimensional structure. In particular, he initially considers operators for multidimensional aggregate data which extend relational algebra and relational calculus (the so-called enlarged relational model). Then he discusses operators for multidimensional aggregate data defined in a tabular environment. In both the cases the author defines such data as statistical (aggregate) data. Subsequently he introduces the operators for OLAP applications, giving a terminology correspondence between the multidimensional aggregate (statistical) databases and OLAP areas. Then he defines the fundamental operators deduced from the previous ones, which form the basic algebra for the manipulation of multidimensional aggregate data, giving their formal definitions and some explanatory examples. Chapter V


Objective: To recognize the demand and other influence factor on the city staff's supplementary medical insurance of Heilongjiang Province. Method: using the sampling surrey and questionnaire to examine the demand of the city staff's supplementary medical insurance of Heilongjiang. Results: Only 18.2% interviewees knew the supplementary medical insurance, 29.6% interviewees kept away the unknow disease cure risk by keeping money themselves, and 10.92% did nothing to prepare it. 80 / 4% interviewee were glad to goin the city staff supplementary medical insurance. 45.5%interriewees chose the independent supplementary medical insurance held by the social medical insurance organization. Conclusion: The government and commercial organization of medical insurance should conceutrate on the demand of the city staff's supplementary medical insurance, and refer to the practical demand of the staff and make proper policy and plan for it.


Summary
The flavour and taste of edible fungi are highly associated with the presence of several umami substances. In this study, the different edible fungi are discriminated by an electronic tongue method. The response data are analysed by the PCA (principal component analysis), DFA (discriminant factor analysis) and PLS (partial least square) method. The results show that the two data analysis methods (PCA and DFA) could successfully distinguish the variety of edible fungi. Moreover, the umami intensities of the edible fungi solutions are evaluated and compared by an electronic tongue analysis with calibration by the responses of different monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentrations. The signals are also used to build up PLS models to estimate and predict the umami intensities of the edible fungi. The results of this study indicate that the electronic tongue has a great potential in qualitative and quantitative analysis of the sensory quality of edible fungi.


A reflection on education from the phenomenological perspective is an important way to promote teachers' self-motivated professional development.Such reflection can awaken the teachers' consciousness of self-motivated professional development,improve their teaching behaviors,promote the combination of education theory with practice,and help teachers develop individual education theory.As a method of research,reflecting on education requests that the teachers put aside their foregone opinions,cultivate critical thinking habits,and pay attention to real life experience.


Abstract:Kuwait's expanding engagement with China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) sheds light on its strategies to meet its socioeconomic needs and navigate the Gulf's adversarial politics. The BRI presents a good case study of how the Kuwaiti leadership evaluates the benefits of and dilemmas created by asymmetric structural relationships. This article thus explores how governmental agency in strategically managing massive financial assets complicates our understanding of the vulnerability of so-called small states.


During bonding procedure of composite resin, the prepared cavity can be contaminated by saliva. In this study, marginal microleakage and shear bond strength of a composite resin to primed enamel and dentin treated with artificial saliva(Taliva) were evaluated. For the marginal microleakage test, Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of fifty molars. The samples were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10 samples in each group. Control group was applied with a bonding system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose plus) according to manufacture's directions without saliva contamination. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups and contaminated with artificial saliva for 30 seconds after priming: Experimental 1 group ; artificial saliva was dried with compressed air only, Experimental 2 group ; artificial saliva was rinsed and dried. Experimental 3 group ; cavities were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds after rinsing and drying artificial saliva. Experimental 4 group ; cavities were etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and primer was reapplied after rinsing and drying artificial saliva. All the cavities were applied a bonding agent and filled with a composite resin (Z-100). Specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuschin dye for 24 hours and embedded in transparent acrylic resin and sectioned buccolingually with diamond wheel saw. Four sections were obtained from one specimen. Degree of marginal leakage was scored under stereomicroscope and their scores were averaged from four sections. The data were analyzed by Kruscal-Wallis test and Fisher's LSD. For the shear bond strength test, the buccal or occlusal surfaces of one hundred molar teeth were ground to expose enamel(n=50) or dentin(n=50) using diamond wheel saw and its surface was smoothed with Lapping and Polishing Machine(South Bay Technology Co., U.S.A.). Samples were divided into 5 groups. Treatment of saliva-contaminated enamel and dentin surfaces was same as the marginal microleakage test and composite resin was bonded via a gelatin capsule. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 48 hours. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine (AGS-1000 4D, Shimaduzu Co., Japan) with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute. Failure mode of fracture sites was examined under stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's studentized range test. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Enamel marginal microleakage showed no significant difference among groups. 2. Dentinal marginal microleakages of control, experimental 2 and 4 groups were lower than those of experimental 1 and 3 groups (p4.47MPa) and the lowest value in experimental 1 group (13.286.52MPa). There were significant differences between experimental 1 group and other groups (p4.02MPa) and experimental 4 group (16.383.23MPa) than in other groups, its value was low in experimental 1 group (3.952.51 MPa) and experimental 2 group (6.722.26MPa)(p


SUMMARY
Contact angles of 1 μl droplets of distilled water were smaller on old than young needles of Pinus sylvestris. The decrease from c. 110° on young needles was larger for needles of trees growing in atmospheres with c. 40 μ SO2 m−3 than for those from trees in atmospheres with < 10 μg SO2 m−3 (c. 70° and c. 80° respectively on 3-year-old needles). Although there were small changes in the wettability of the needle cuticle, the decreases in contact angle are largely attributable to changes in epicuticular waxes.


The dynamic critical behavior at the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic (PM-AFM) transition in manganites has recently been studied experimentally (Niermann et al 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 037204). We extend the Hamiltonian of paper I by incorporating an energy field, and study the corresponding Model C of critical dynamics. We use the dynamic renormalization group approach and calculate the dynamic critical exponents z, νz and the line-width exponent Δ to leading order in the small expansion parameters ϵ=4−d+2σ and ϵ′=4−d . Here, d is the space dimension and σ is the long-range exponent. Using σ as an adjustable parameter, the theory gives us a good match to the experimentally available static and dynamic critical exponents at the PM-AFM transition.


Many changes occurred in the last years in the economic and social framework make this question quite actual. This special issue argues that the new reality created by the great financial crisis has fostered cooperative banks' development —at least at local level—and allowed them to re-establish and even strengthen trust towards the banking system, in a period when this was strongly endangered. The crisis has also proved the soundness of many hypotheses expressed by researchers about cooperative banks' behavior stemming from their governance, business model and specialization, which heavily rely on relationship-based retail banking. In times of crisis it is important to understand the power of alternative approaches to business in general and of the financial system in particular. As the papers collected in this special issue extensively illustrate, cooperative banks are indeed a different "animal" in the banking "zoo". It cannot be ignored, however, that the turbulent banking scene has increased regulatory pressure towards the strengthening of equity and profits, while additional risks derive from the imposed stricter regulatory framework and the institutional steps taken toward the introduction of a banking union in the EU. Among these lines, this issue argues that, despite their recent success, cooperative banks are indeed at a turning point and should focus on a deep re-thinking of their general and local strategies, of their daily activity, both with members and customers, and of their loyalty to constitutive social principles.


The many-to-many stable matching problem (MM), defined in the context of a job market, asks for an assignment of workers to firms satisfying the quota of each agent and being stable, pairwise or setwise, with respect to given preference lists or relations. In this paper, we propose a time-optimal algorithm that identifies all stable worker--firm pairs and all stable assignments under pairwise stability, individual preferences, and the max-min criterion. We revisit the poset graph of rotations to obtain an optimal algorithm for enumerating all solutions to the MM and an improved algorithm finding the minimum-weight one. Furthermore, we establish the applicability of all aforementioned algorithms under more complex preference and stability criteria. In a constraint programming context, we introduce a constraint that models the MM and an encoding of the MM as a constraint satisfaction problem. Finally, we provide a series of computational results, including the case where side constraints are imposed.


Concurrent aerobic plus resistance exercise (RAE) and high intensive interval exercise (HIIE) are both effective on inducing post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in patients with hypertension. However central haemodynamic changes associated to PEH in hypertensive subjects with underlying ischaemic heart disease (IHD) have been poorly investigated. To compare the acute effects produced by these two exercise modalities on left ventricular diastolic function and left atrial function.

 Twenty untrained male patients with history of hypertension and IHD under stable pharmacological therapy were enrolled. Each patient underwent three exercise sessions: RAE, HIIE, and a control session without exercise each lasting 45 min. Echocardiography examination was performed before and between 30 and 40 min from the end of the exercise sessions. In the first hour post exercise, BP values decreased in a similar way in RAE and HIIE and were unchanged after control. Compared to pre-session, E/E1 ratio increased after HIIE and remained unchanged after both RAE and control sessions (between-sessions P 0.002). PALS increased slightly after RAE (+1.4 ± 1.1%), decreased after HIIE (−4.6 ± 2.4%). and was unchanged after control. (between-sessions P 0.03). PACS was mildly increased after RAE, was reduced after HIIE, and was unchanged after control. Atrial volume was unchanged after both sessions. Left ventricular and left atrial stiffness increased significantly after HIEE while remained unchanged after RAE and control. Stroke volume and cardiac output increased after RAE, decreased after HIIE, and were unchanged after control.

 Single sessions of RAE and HIIE determined similar PEHs in hypertensive subjects with IHD, while they evoked different central haemodynamic adjustments. Given its neutral effects of on diastolic and atrial functions, RAE seems more suitable for reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients with IHD.


Nuclear collisions at sufficiently high energies are expected to produce far-from-equilibrium matter with a high density of gluons at early times. We show gauge condensation, which occurs as a consequence of the large density of gluons. To identify this condensation phenomenon, we construct two local gauge-invariant observables that carry the macroscopic zero mode of the gauge condensate. The first order parameter for gauge condensation investigated here is the correlator of the spatial Polyakov loop. We also consider, for the first time, the correlator of the gauge invariant scalar field, associated to the exponent of the Polyakov loop. Using real-time lattice simulations of classical-statistical $SU(2)$ gauge theory, we find gauge condensation on a system-size dependent time scale $t_{\text{cond}} \sim L^{1/\zeta}$ with a universal scaling exponent $\zeta$. Furthermore, we suggest an effective theory formulation describing the dynamics using one of the order parameters identified. The formation of a condensate at early times may have intriguing implications for the early stages in heavy ion collisions.


The invention relates to an anti-load frequency-stabilizing source with low phase noise, which comprises a microwave circuit part and a shielding shell. The microwave circuit comprises a power module, an oscillation circuit and an echo isolation module. Mutually independent shielding cavities are arranged in the shielding shell. The low-noise power module, the oscillation circuit and the echo isolation module are respectively arranged. A design method of the frequency-stabilizing source comprises the following steps of: (1) designing the power module; (2) designing the oscillation circuit; (3) designing the echo isolation module; and (4) designing the shielding cavities of the shielding shell. The technical proposal has good close carrier frequency phase noise, in particular good phase noise under the vibration condition, so that the application range is wide.


The present conference on metal-matrix composites (MMCs) and ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) discusses electrodeposited C/Cu MMCs, the quasi-liquid hot press method for SiC/Al composites, die-cast MMCs for tribological applications, the solidification-processing of monotectic alloy matrix composites, the fracture of SiC whisker-reinforced Al-alloy MMCs, the elastic constants of a graphite/magnesium composite, and an elastoplastic analysis of metal/plastic/metal sandwich plates in three-point bending. Also discussed are the fabrication of diamond particle-dispersed glass composites in space, heat-resistant graphite fiber-reinforced phosphate ceramic CMCs, the high-temperature creep of SiC-reinforced alumina CMCs, flexible carbon fiber-reinforced exfoliated graphite composites, and the application of advanced CMCs to advanced railway systems, the corrosion and oxidation of SiC, Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, and other structural ceramics, corrosion properties of advanced alloys, and novel coating systems for advanced materials.


Abstract A series of six field experiments on spring barley were conducted to test the effect of fertilizer placement compared with broadcast application on weeds and crop yield. The experiments were carried out in 1993, 1994 and 1995, on two soil types, with three levels of fertilizing and without use of pesticides. Fertilizer placement reduced weed biomass by 55% and weed density by 10% and increased grain yield by 28%, on average. The strong effects on weeds were presumably due to a positive interaction between crop competition and weed control by weed harrowing. The biomass of almost all frequent weed species was reduced by fertilizer placement. The effect of fertilizer placement on weed density was weaker than on biomass. Fertilizer placement increased grain yield more on coarse sand than on sandy loam. All the effects were more pronounced in 1993 than in 1994 and 1995, most likely owing to dry weather in the spring of 1993.


The potential of vortex induced motion (VIM) in multi-column floating platforms such as semi-submersibles and tension leg platforms (TLPs) is well-acknowledged although the industry guidelines for design for VIM are not comprehensive and more research effort is required. Significant VIM in multi-column floating platforms will affect the fatigue life of the steel catenary risers and must be quantified and sometimes reduced. Industry-standard design tools used for drag estimation based on model tests of fixed structures may not accurately reflect the effects of drag augmentation due to VIM. Model tests and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis are feasible methods to investigate VIM, with the latter being more resource-efficient, provided sufficient benchmarking has been carried out to ensure reliable results.Subsequent to the model tests and preliminary Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations done for a multi-column floating platform [1, 2], further CFD analyses for the VIM of the floating platform have been carried out using improved simulation techniques with a commercial software. Good agreement between model test results and CFD calculations for VIM of a multi-column floating platform is observed. Sensitivity of CFD results to the modeling assumptions such as mesh size and density, time-step size and different turbulence models is presented.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Basing on interrelated action principium of beam and rail,we build a mechanics model and use finite element method to calculate and analyze the principle of discrete force of welded railway on special designed simple supported bridges.The result can give some advice to the design of continuously welded rails on bridges,which to ofter a reference for relevant technical staft.


Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although the majority of GISTs arise in the stomach and small bowel, they may occur anywhere in the GI tract. Rare cases of GISTs outside the GI tract, called extragastrointestinal stromal tumours (EGISTs), have also been described. EGISTs have pathological features similar to those of GISTs. Although EGISTs have been often reported in the omentum, retroperitoneum, and mesentery, they rarely arise from the vulva. Only two cases of primary EGISTs of the vulva have been reported to-date. Here, we report our experience of a 51year-old woman with an EGIST of the vulva, and shortly review the literature.


The article is an answer to the review of author's book Free Market Environmentalism written by Petr Jezek. It illustrates the inadequacy of the form and content of Jezek's critique. It addresses some of the reviewer's arguments.


Covid-19 has become an important note for the revolution of human civilization, various speculations that discuss the negative impact more intensively than the positive impact of this problem (a case study of a private university in West Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara). The use and utilization of technology is an alternative way for a private higher education institution to respond to the government's prohibition of conducting face-to-face lectures with online learning. After this rule was implemented, problems began to arrive on the part of students regarding the effectiveness of online learning with the constraints of inadequate network technology in their area. Using social media as an effective learning tool during a pandemic is an easy alternative to implement. Research on students and teaching staff can affect the effectiveness of online learning. Bloom's Taxonomy Learning Theory is used to identify the skills of students starting from a low level with three domains of intellectual ability, namely. Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor. Social media is a means of proving the effectiveness of online learning applied to students, by conducting research and development on thinking skills in the teaching and learning process to produce students who are competent in their fields.


Although the union between the Latin and Greek Churches was one of Pope Innocent III's career-long ambitions, the limited provisions made by the canons of the Fourth Lateran
Council regarding the eastern Churches have led most historians to assume that by the end of his pontificate this matter had been relegated to one of secondary importance and was treated only as an afterthought during the council. By collecting and re-examining the surviving sources, this article shows that considerable time and energy was in fact spent during the council in regulating the affairs of the Churches of former Byzantine lands. The ensuing decisions
and legislation formed the basis of the organisation of the Church in much of the Greco-Latin East for at least another three centuries.


THE HISTORY OF CORRECTIONS IN INDONESIA INCLUDES THREE DIFFERENT correctional systems. First, the 'Kepenjaraan system' that developed during the Dutch colonial government; second, the prison system which existed under the Japanese military government; and third, the 'Pemasyarakatan system' which has developed since 1964, when the Indonesian government began to abandon the system that it had inherited from the Dutch. The word ' Pemasyarakatan' relates to 'Pengayoman'the Banyan treeand means resocialisation, that is, healthy re-entry into the community (Directorate General of Correction 1980). The Pemasyarakatan system as a symbol of the new era of the treatment system in Indonesia differs from the Kepenjaraan system in that the latter is based on the classical, or retributive, philosophy of punishment. The Pemasyarakatan system, by contrast, is based on the utilitarian philosophy which has three basic elements: prevention, deterrence and reform (Cross 1981). However, among Indonesian leaders and scholars, it is popularly known as the correctional system based on the Indonesian state philosophy, Pancasila, which lays down five basic principles: belief in God, humanity, nationality, democracy and social justice. The Pemasyarakatan system introduced 'treatment' into the Indonesian corrections system. It consists of ten principles (Atmasasmita & Soema Di Pradja 1974):


This paper gives an account of the pre-stressed anchorage cable test and the study of stress condition of the pre-stressed anchorage cable in red clay during slope treatment in Kunming EXPO Garden.The paper makes an analysis and study of the test data using Philips and shear stress uniform distribution two theories respectively and then derives two simply calculation formulas of anchorage stress therefrom.