Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of rare congenital disorders of connective tissue that result in tissue fragility and joint hyperextensibility. Due to its rarity, outcomes of pediatric spine surgery in EDS patients are poorly characterized. While it has been suggested that complication rates are high, few studies have characterized these complications.

 Pediatric National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (PNSQIP) data from 2012 to 2016 was analyzed using IBM SPSS 24. EDS patients undergoing spine surgery were identified along with patients without EDS undergoing the same surgeries using ICD-9 and CPT codes. Patient demographics and complications were identified. Chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and independent samples t tests were used where appropriate.

 A total of 279 patients of 369 176 total patients were determined to have EDS. Of these, 56 patients were determined to have undergone spine surgery. 46% were male and 54% were female (P = .108). Mean age at surgery was 11.59 yr (P = .888) with a range of 1.77 to 17.33 yr. The most common procedure was arthrodesis (n = 37), with 14 patients having 13 or more levels fused. There was no difference in unplanned reoperation (n = 4, P = .119), wound infection or disruption (n = 2, P = .670), or overall complication (n = 25, P = .751). 41% of EDS patients required blood transfusions but this was not significant compared to non-EDS patients undergoing the same procedures (n = 23, P = .580). The total amount transfused (P = .508), time until transfusion was required (P = .127), duration of anesthesia (P = .713), length of hospital stay (P = .396), and total operation time (P = .357) were not different from controls.

 Pediatric EDS patients do not appear to be at a higher risk of bleeding or other complications during spine surgery as reported in past case series. This is the largest retrospective review of its kind that has been performed in this patient population, however, higher power studies are needed to better explore outcomes of pediatric spine surgery patients with EDS.


This paper presents an idea for offering Internet access through dialup by using dynamic user profiles that depend on the available resources of an ISP. This service allows an ISP to offer scalable access services according to network utilization and availability of user connection ports. This idea may be offered over PSTN and ISDN, but with ISDN as the most suitable candidate, due to the inherent ability of using 2 channels over the same wire. It is based on the use of existing technology and protocols, as well as the commonly adopted infrastructure for AAA (Authentication Authorization and Accounting), based on a RADIUS (Remote Access Dial In Users) server. Therefore, it introduces a new type of user subscription that may be easily implemented and which can make use of the available ISP resources at the best and most efficient way without compromising the ISP network accessibility and without any major cost for an ISP.


Introduction: Crime and State J.L.Briquet & G.Favarel-Garrigues Pakistan Rangers: From Border Control to 'Protection' of the Interior L.Gayer The Political Articulation of the Criminal Milieu in Security Institutions: the case of 'gangs in uniform' in Turkey E.Massicard Governor Sutiyoso 'Wars of Vice' (1997-2007): Criminal Enterprises, Islamist Militias and Politics in Djakarta R.Bertrand 'Shadow State': Globalization, Criminalization and Environmental Change in Belize R.Duffy The Entrepreneurial Path of Multigroup in the Making of Bulgarian Capitalism N.Ragaru Mafia Violence and Politics in Russia G.Favarel-Garrigues The Mafia and Civil Society: Control of Territory and Criminal-Economic Collusion in Calabria R.Sciarrone Political Violence and Criminal Affairism in Corsica: Is the Nationalist Movement Drifting towards the Mafia? J.L.Briquet Monetary Illegalism and Civil War: The Case of Somalia R.Marchal


Board activists continue to suggest--even demand--that CEO and chairperson positions be held separately. Such entreaties persist with no empirical affirmation that one structure is more "independen...


This paper presents the ElastoDynamics Toolbox (EDT) for MA TL B.1 EDT provides an extensive set of MATLAB functions to model seismic wave propagation in layered s oils. It is based on the direct stiffness method and the thin l ayer method, presented by Kausel and Roësset. The toolbox is dev eloped at K.U.Leuven, where it is used both for educational purposes and in research projects. It is used to solve a varie ty of problems governed by wave propagation in the soil, such as (1) site amplification, (2) the computation of dispersive su rface waves in layered soils, and (3) the calculation of the f orced response of the soil due to harmonic and transient loading. T he present paper focuses on recent research applications of EDT in each of these categories.


This study is based on the objective of merger and acquisition of an organization with the view of expanding the organization. This analysis is based on the acquisition of two companies namely FLIPKART and MYNTRA. The research methodology is fully based on secondary data which are collected from websites, journals and other publications. It is based on Indian companies. The importance of this analysis is to know about the internal factors and external factors of two companies. This study is fully based on SWOT Analysis to know the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of flipkart and myntra. Its main objective is to analyze internal and external factors of two companies using swot as a strategic tool. The conclusion of this study shows a positive impact on merger and acquisition of flipkart and myntra.


Most old, distant radio galaxies should be extended X-ray sources because of inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. Such sources can be an important component in X-ray surveys for high-redshift clusters, because of the increase with redshift of both the CMB energy density and the radio source number density. We estimate a lower limit to the space density of such sources and show that inverse Compton scattered emission may dominate above redshifts of 1 and X-ray luminosities of 10 44 erg s −1 , with a space density of radio galaxies >10 −8 Mpc −3 . The X-ray sources may last longer than the radio emission and so need not be associated with what is seen to be a currently active radio galaxy. Ke yw ords: galaxies: active ‐ galaxies: clusters: general ‐ X-ray: galaxies: clusters.


Tibetan mastiff is a kind of dogs,but also by the threat of virus infection in dogs.According to the survey,the canine parvovirus and the canine distemper virus are the main two categories virus of threat Tibetan mastiffs.The paper introduced a Tibetan mastiffs farm in Qinghai.The clinical symptoms and pathological lesions and laboratory diagnosis were observed,and CPV was detected by virus isolation culture and PCR,the final diagnosis result was CPV.Because the existence of the disease and the harm fulness to the dogs industry,the diagnosis and monitoring of CPV should be strengthening.


BEFORE presenting to you a description of the activities in applying insecticides by aeroplane, I wish to acknowledge the assistance of the U S Department of Agriculture, to whom I am indebted for the early history of this branch of flying, and to also acknowledge quotations from a report on the subject by Prof A D Imms, M A —Early ExperimentsI believe it correct to state that the possibility of applying insecticides by means of aeroplanes, was first brought to public attention by the work conducted in August, 1921, by the State Experimental Station of OhioThis particular test, consisted of distributing lead arsenate from an aeroplane over a grove of catalpa trees, in an effort to poison the larvæ of the catalpa sphinx (ceratomia catalpæ Bdv) which were defoliating the grove


1,3-propanediolcyclic sulfate (PCS) was employed as a novel sulfate-based additive for high-voltage battery applications to reduce the capacity fading that occurs during cycling. Molecular energy calculations and cyclic voltammetry (CV) both proved the PCS was reduced earlier than the ethylene carbonate (EC), which suggests a better solid electrolyte interface (SEI) was formed. The electrochemical impedance spectra results confirmed the denser SEI formed by addition of PCS additive. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis reveal the addition of PCS is able to protectively modify the anodic SEI layer in a manner that suppresses anodic deposition of manganese oxide species resulting from the "cross-talk" effect.


A predetermined amount of the drug mixed injection control apparatus capable of supporting efficient use of the drug in the drug container housed, mixed injection device, and to provide a mixed injection management program. A mixed injection management device, the medicament to the medicament container used for a drug illustrated in preparing data in mixed injection process for injecting the medical solution container from one or more of the medicament container the drug is contained in the predetermined amount There it is determined whether the remaining prescription drugs drug past the remaining drug is determined that the remaining said drug container with mixed injection process akin of the selected candidates of the preparation data to be subjected to the mixed injection process preparation data including displaying the preferentially display means. .The 22


The invention provides a method for transfer printing, positioning and stamping for fabric or leather, which comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting a base membrane, wherein the base membrane is selected from PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate), BOPP (biaxially-oriented polypropylene), aluminum-plated stamping membrane or paper; (2) printing in a dyeing way; printing one color, firstly drying, and printing next color and carrying out the next drying, till that a preset pattern is formed by printing all color cells; (3) positioning and gluing, and printing the glue on the position to be gilded on the base membrane which is printed by ink, wherein the glue is selected from polyurethane or polyamide; and (4) gilding, gilding the position printed with the glue, and drying under low temperature and rolling simultaneously, so that the base membrane to be transfer printed, positioned and stamped attached with a dyeing pattern is prepared, wherein the drying temperature is from 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C; (5) hot-pressing; and (6) rolling in a separating way. The method has the beneficial effects of: being free from coating release agent, short in labor hour, and low in cost; advanced in gilding mode, quick in speed and good in effect, and capable of being secondly gilded.


The general Lie point symmetry groups of the Nizhnik–Novikov–Vesselov (NNV) equation and the asymmetric NNV equation are given by a simple direct method with help of their weak Lax pairs.


Uncertainties in emission inventories are regarded as one of the major sources of uncertainty in air quality modeling. Their impacts on ozone formation and emission control efficiencies during future year 2007 with three different base year episodes have been evaluated using high-order sensitivities calculated by a decoupled direct method implemented in community multiscale air quality model (CMAQ). Large emission inventory uncertainties, e.g. a factor of 1.5 for 95% confidence interval (CI) of stationary point NOX emission and a factor of 2 for 95% CI of all other emissions, lead to less than 10% uncertainties (as coefficient of variance) in ozone concentrations. Elevated ozone concentrations in Atlanta are impacted by NOX emissions from Atlanta mobile sources, point sources inside and outside Atlanta, and Atlanta anthropogenic VOC emissions in a decreasing order, with anthropogenic VOC emissions having their primary impacts in the downtown Atlanta area. Uncertainties in Atlanta mobile NOX emissions have the largest impact on uncertainties in ozone concentrations, with similar impacts of uncertainties in emissions from other source categories at a smaller scale. A large variance in the impacts of emission inventory uncertainties is found within an episode, while the variance between episodes is small. Reducing NOX emissions from Atlanta mobile source is the most efficient way to control ozone, followed by point NOX emissions inside and outside of Atlanta and anthropogenic VOC emissions. Mean emission control efficiencies with consideration of emission inventory uncertainties indicate similar ranking, with This chapter will be submitted to Atmospheric Environment. Co-authors are Dan Cohan, Yongtao Hu, Sergey Napelenok, Michael Chang, and Armistead Russell.


............................................................................................................. 10 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 13 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................................................................ 15 1. Inflammatory response during cardiac surgery and CPB ...................................... 15 1.1. Complement activation .................................................................................. 15 1.2. Cytokines ....................................................................................................... 16 1.3. Endotoxin ....................................................................................................... 16 1.4. Endothelium ................................................................................................... 17 1.5. Leukocytes ..................................................................................................... 17 1.6. The role of surgical trauma ............................................................................ 18 2. Coagulation response ............................................................................................ 19 2.1. Platelets .......................................................................................................... 19 2.2. Fibrinolysis .................................................................................................... 20 2.3. Thrombin during cardiac surgery and CPB .................................................... 20 2.3.1. Generation of thrombin .............................................................................. 20 2.3.2. Generation of thrombin during CPB ........................................................... 22 2.3.3. Mechanisms of thrombin generation ........................................................... 23 2.4. Thrombin and its interactions ......................................................................... 25 2.5. The role of heparin ......................................................................................... 26 3. Apoptosis ............................................................................................................... 28 3.1. Mechanisms of apoptosis ............................................................................... 28 3.2. The time course of apoptotic process ............................................................. 29 3.3. Detection of apoptosis .................................................................................... 29 3.4. Apoptosis and thrombin ................................................................................. 30 4. Ischemia-reperfusion injury, general considerations ............................................. 30 4.1. Endothelium ................................................................................................... 30 4.2. Complement and cytokines ............................................................................ 31 4.3. The role of neutrophils ................................................................................... 31 5. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury ............................................................... 33 5.1. Myocardial protection .................................................................................... 34 5.2. Potential mechanisms of myocardial dysfunction .......................................... 34 5.2.1. Calcium and myocardial contractile dysfunction ........................................ 34 5.2.2. The oxygen paradox and reactive oxygen species ...................................... 35


It has been suggested that the beneficial effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on bone quality are due to either stimulation of estrogenic signaling via isoflavones or through a novel and as yet uncharacterized nonestrogenic pathway. In our study, SPI‐fed rat serum inhibited the osteoblastic cell senescence pathway. This effect was accompanied by stimulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and significant restoration of replicative senescent bone marrow mesenchymal ST2 cells (passaged 30 times). These effects were reproduced in bone from 5‐wk‐old intact and 10‐wk‐old ovariectomized female rats fed SPI diets. Caveolin‐1 and p53 expression was decreased in bone in SPI‐fed, but not in 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐treated rats. In cell culture studies, membranous caveolin‐1 and nuclear p53 expression was greater in replicative senescent ST2 cell cultures than in earlier passaged cells. SPI‐fed rat serum significantly down‐regulated both caveolin‐1 and p53 in senescent and nonsenescent cells. Replicative senescent ST2 cells exhibited a strong association among caveolin‐1, p53, and mouse double minute 2 homologue (mdm2), which was inhibited by SPI‐fed rat serum. Overexpression of caveolin‐1 in ST2 cells resulted in increased expression of p53 and p21, whereas, knockdown of caveolin‐1 using shRNA led to increases in mdm2 and eliminated SPI‐fed rat serum's effects on p53 and p21 expression. In contrast, manipulation of caveolin‐1 expression did not affect the actions of E2 or isoflavones on p53 expression in either ST2 or OB6 cells. These results suggest that caveolin‐1 is a mediator of nonestrogenic SPI effects on bone cells.—Zhang, J., Lazarenko, O. P., Blackburn, M. L., Badger, T. M., Ronis, M. J. J., Chen, J.‐R. Soy protein isolate down‐regulates caveolin‐1 expression to suppress osteoblastic cell senescence pathways. FASEB J. 28, 3134–3145 (2014). www.fasebj.org


While quantitative methodologists advance statistical theory and refine statistical methods, substantive researchers resist adopting many of these statistical innovations. Traditional explanations for this resistance are reviewed, specifically a lack of awareness of statistical developments, the failure of journal editors to mandate change, publish or perish pressures, the unavailability of user friendly software, inadequate education in statistics, and psychological factors. Resistance is reconsidered in light of the complexity of modern statistical methods and a communication gap between substantive researchers and quantitative methodologists. The concept of a Maven is introduced as a means to bridge the communication gap. On the basis of this review and reconsideration, recommendations are made to improve communication of statistical innovations.


We optimise the design and operation of a thermoelectric infrared radiation sensor, using the microsensor simulator SESES. Incoming radiation is in the range of 3W/m/sup 2/, resulting in temperature differences of a few mK. Free convective and radiative cooling are important effects adding to bulk conduction. Our numerical system provides four essential operations required to perform the optimisation: parametrisable device geometry, a graded computational mesh through automatic mesh adaptation, an accurate mesh refinement indicator and a fast linear equation solver.<<ETX>>


Purpose. To compare paired human corneas after storage at 4°C in Chen medium (CM) and Optisol-GS medium (OM) for 7, 10, 14, and 21 days. Methods. One cornea of each pair from nine human donors was randomly stored in either CM or OM, with its mate cornea stored in the other medium. Three pairs of corneas were stored for 7 days and two pairs each were stored for 10, 14, and 21 days at 4°C. Baseline corneal thickness measurements and endothelial photographs were obtained with a specular microscope. Corneal thickness measurements were also taken on days 7, 10, 14, and 21 of storage. At the end of storage, the corneas were warmed 2 hours before endothelial photographs were taken and were then placed in fixative. A corneal endothelial analysis system was used to compare changes in endothelial size and shape after storage. After fixation, the corneal endothelium was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays with 4`6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstaining were performed on tissue sections of each cornea. A laser scanning confocal microscope and an automated digital analysis system were used to detect the presence of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in each cell layer and to determine keratocyte densities. Results. Mean corneal thickness at 0, 7, 10, 14, 21 days of storage was 0.69 ± 0.05 mm, 0.69 ± 0.06 mm, 0.73 ± 0.08 mm, 0.87 ± 0.04 mm, and 0.87 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, for CM and 0.65 ± 0.06 mm, 0.59 ± 0.07 mm, 0.63 ± 0.03 mm, 0.60 ± 0.03 mm, and 0.69 ± 0.02 mm, respectively, for OM (p < 0.0001). The mean decrease in endothelial cell density at the end of the 7-, 10-, and 14-day storage periods was 11 ± 10% for the CM corneas and 5 ± 5% for the OM corneas (p = 0.18). SEM showed an intact endothelial monolayer in all corneas. The mean percentages of TUNEL-positive cells in epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of CM-stored corneas were 4 ± 4%, 2 ± 3%, and 0.1 ± 0.3%, respectively, and did not differ from the OM-stored corneal values of 4 ± 3%, 2 ± 4%, and 0.9 ± 1.5%. The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells did not increase with storage time. Keratocyte density was 368 ± 130 cells/mm2for CM-stored corneas and 447 ± 96 cells/mm2for OM-stored corneas (p = 0.13). Conclusions. Corneas stored in CM were thicker during storage than those stored in OM. The two storage media did not differ with respect to endothelial cell loss during storage or to the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells or keratocyte density at the end of the storage period.


FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the herbicidal composition, in which the herbicidal active ingredients consist essentially of the herbicidally effective amount of combination of (a) compound of formula (I)or acceptable for agricultural purposes salt or ester thereof, and b) flurtamone, in which the weight ratio of (a) to (b) is from 1.25-10 for (a) up to 30-250 for (b).EFFECT: invention allows to increase the composition efficiency.19 cl, 12 tbl


As"the Two-type Society"reform testing area,the city agglomeration of Changsha,Zhuzhou and Xiangtan has raised a high demand of its migrant workers'qualities and also a new challenge of their job training.At present,there exist some problems as inadequate cognition of migrant workers'training,disharmony between its training contents and social markets,backward training mode and training methods and imperfect training security system.To promote"the Two-type Society"construction and speed up the economic development,we must emphases migrant workers'job training,make its training contents adaptable to the needs of the"the Two-type Society"and social martket,set up various forms of training mode and build a strong security system.Only by constructing a series of scientific and reasonable training system,can we really improve migrant workers'qualities and overall abilities,and thus quicken the"the Two-type Society"construction.


In continuation of previous work on the refractive indices of certain elements in the gaseous state, we have measured the dispersion of the elements named above within the limits of the visible spectrum. Jamin's refractometer was used, and the arrangement of the instrument was that described in our previous paper. But, as different wave-lengths had to be employed for the determination of the dispersion, the method of illumination was improved. Light from a Nernst filament was focussed on the slit of one of Messrs. Hilger and Co.'s fixed-deviation spectroscopes, and, in the focal plane of the resulting spectrum, a slit was placed capable of motion in that plane. The adjustment was calibrated by comparing the wave-length of the light passing through the slit with the reading of the drum of the spectroscope. By rotating the drum, light of any required wave-length could be obtained, and, by narrowing the slits, the spectrum was of sufficient purity to admit of two hundred bands being counted to one-fifth of their breadth.


Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) aligns two sequences by time warping them optimally. Global optimization is done using whole sequences. This can be very demanding in terms of calculation costs and memory requirements which means the sequence length that is possible to align is limited. In this paper a novel algorithm Short-Time Dynamic Time Warping (STDTW) is presented, which requires much less memory because optimization is done iteratively on smaller portions of the sequences. The particularly remarkable characteristic of the algorithm is that it finds the same globally optimal solution, under some weak hypothesis as the classical DTW algorithm. As an example, STDTW is applied to Musical Alignment which links events in a musical score and points on a audio performance time axis. It also provides an interesting insight into the structure of the sequences to be aligned.


A multi-channels acoustic emission high-speed data acquisition system,based on USB2.0 protocol and CPLD chip,is represented.The system structure,the amplifier,the filter,USB and CPLD are discussed,and the principle is also introduced.By using and measuring practically,its sample rate can be 10MHz,and the USB port in the system can be used at 40MB/s transmission rate.The system can satisfy the monitor application,which has the performances such as low power,easy carrying and flexible composition.


Processing real-time images in the digital era is a complex task that requires the use of more sophisticated tools and consumes more energy. With the introduction of Hybrid model, Mobile and Cloud Computing, called as Mobile and Cloud Computing (MCC), this becomes an easy task in which the end user connects using the virtual instance in the Cloud environment. MCC enable the execution of cloud applications through mobile terminals. However, the mobile devices cannot process high end applications as they have limited energy. We propose Mobile Cloud offloading technique that excludes the execution on the Mobile terminal by deploying the applications on Cloud. Identification and decision on the energy aware applications are playing a vital role to improve Quality of Services (QoS). The proposed model introduces the Transfer Learning- based Energy efficient Mobile Cloud offloading framework. The proposed model predicts whether to move the applications towards the Mobile Cloud environment. The proposed model uses InceptionResNetV2 as pre-trained transfer learning approach.. The CNN based classifier used to classify the type of application and the respective energy consumption ratio based on the pre-trained model. The proposed model reduces training period to identify the application and effectively handle the offload process to improve the QoS metrics.


An all-in-one instrument array dissects the detonations of TNT, C-4, and pentolite. An all-in-one instrument array dissects the detonations of TNT, C-4, and pentolite.


Intestinal malrotation is a disease of incomplete rotation and abnormal fixation of midgut during the intrauterin period. Intestinal malrotation is often diagnased in the newborn period because patients usually become symptomatic during this period. Rarely symptoms of recurrent vomiting attacks or atypical clinical findings may begin after the neonatal period. In this article, we presented a 3.5 year-old patient who had not been noticed in spite of the vomiting in the neonatal period and the recurrence of the attacks in following years. Although the patient had intestinal obstruction, his upper gastrointestinal series with barium were unremarkable. Abdominal computed tomography revealed the intestinal malrotation which is confirmed by the operation. In this article we emphasize that if the intestinal malrotation is in the diagnostic possibblities, abdominal tomografi can be a good diagnostic tool.


A 5-year study on the soil ecological environment of matsutake (Trihcholoma Matsutake) growing areas near Changbai Mountains showed that several factors, such as climate, parent material, organism and landform, which form the soil ecosystem provided suitable ecological environment for the formation and growth of matsutake. How to improve the construction and function of the soil ecosystem in order to utilize the natural resource continuously was also studied.


Background Little is known regarding the impact of donor COVID‐19 status on recipient outcomes after heart transplantation. In this study, we characterize outcomes of the first 110 heart transplants from organ donors positive for COVID‐19 (COVID‐19+) in the United States. Methods and Results Retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database was performed for single‐organ adult heart transplants from January 2020 to March 2022. Donor COVID‐19+ status was defined as a positive nucleic acid amplification, antigen, or other COVID‐19 test within 7 days of transplant. Nearest‐neighbor propensity score matching used to adjust for differences between recipients of COVID‐19+ and nonpositive donor hearts. Overall, 7251 heart transplants were included in analysis, with 110 using COVID‐19+ donor hearts. Recipients of COVID‐19+ allografts were younger (54 [interquartile range, 41–61]) versus 57 [46–64] years; P=0.02) but had similar rates of female sex and non‐White race compared with those receiving allografts from negative donors. Nearest‐neighbor propensity score matching resulted in 100 well‐matched pairs of recipients of COVID‐19+ versus nonpositive donor organs. The 2 matched groups had similar median lengths of stay (15 [11–23] days versus 15 [13–23] days; P=0.40), rates of graft failure (1% versus 0%; P=0.99), 30‐day death (3% versus 3%; P=0.99), and 3‐month survival (88% versus 94%; P=0.23) compared with recipients of nonpositive donors. No deaths occurred due to COVID‐19 infection among the 8 (7%) total deceased recipients of COVID‐19+ allografts to date. Conclusions Short‐term outcomes of heart transplant recipients receiving COVID‐19+ donor organs are reassuring. However, continued monitoring for long‐term survival and potential complications are warranted.


Abstract The deformation curve characteristics of rapeseeds and sunflower seeds compressed using the equipment ZDM 50-2313/56/18 and varying vessel diameters (40, 60, 80, and 100 mm) were investigated. Maximum compressive force of 100 kN was applied on bulk oilseeds of rape and sunflower of measured height 20-80 mm and deformed at a speed of 60 mm∙min-1. The compression test using the vessel diameters of 40 and 60 mm showed a serration effect while the vessel diameters of 80 and 100 mm indicated an increasing function effect on the force-deformation characteristic curves. Clearly, the increasing function effect described the region with oil flow and that of serration effect described the region without any oil flow. However, it was observed that the serration effect could be due to the higher compressive stress inside the smaller vessel diameters (40 and 60 mm) compared to those with bigger vessel diameters (80 and 100 mm). Parameters such as deformation, deformation energy, and energy density were determined from the force-deformation curves dependency showing both increasing function and serration effect. The findings of the study provide useful information for the determination of specific compressive force and energy requirements for extracting maximum oil from oilseed crops such as rape and sunflower.


We investigated the resolution limits of time-lenses and developed a super-resolution technique in the time domain based on localization microscopy algorithm, demonstrating an improved resolution by a factor of two.


While social robots are designed to engage in socially interactive tasks, they may not always establish the intended social connection. We examined how people's experiences of succeeding in completing these interactive tasks influence attitudes toward social robots. People developed more positive attitudes toward social robots when they completed more tasks successfully. These findings highlight potential constraints of complex interactive tasks increasingly implemented in commercially available social robots. A trade-off may exist between early task success and the sustained training of complex social robots by their human social partners.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and potential value of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods: FAF images were retrospectively evaluated in 122 eyes (119 patients) diagnosed with CSC by fluorescein angiography and OCT. Patients were classified into four groups (normal, mild, moderate, and intense) based on the intensity of FAF. We compared FAF patterns in acute and chronic-recurrent CSC and evaluated the differences in FAF according to the initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). We also assessed the differences in subretinal fluid resolution after laser photocoagulation among groups. Results: In the chronic-recurrent group, a significant increase in FAF was observed compared to the acute group (p


In this study we investigated the effects of intra-hippocampal infusion of H-89 as a protein kinase A inhibitor on spatial memory in Morris water maze. Rats were trained for 3 days; each day included two blocks and each block contained 4 trials. Stereotaxic surgery was performed soon after last trials on third day. Animals were tested 48 h after surgery. Intra-hippocampal infusion of H-89 (1,2.5 and 5 µM/rat) showed significance alterations on escape latency and traveled distance in Morris water maze. The response was dose-dependent and the maximum effect was obtained by 5µM of H-89. Furthermore, immunohistochemical experiments showed that the H-89 infusion also reduced the number of labeled VAChT-and ChAT-containing neurons in hippocampus. These results indicated that the protein kinase A is probably involved in spatial memory. Moreover, H-89-induced memory deficit could be partially mediated by the inhibition of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) expression.


Gibberellic acid (GA) plays important roles in diverse biological processes in plants. However, its function in the resistance of rice (Oryza sativa) to saline-alkaline (SAK) stress is unclear. In this study, we found that SAK stimuli changed the levels of expression of the GA signaling genes. Genetic analyses using the mutants of key GA signaling regulators Slender rice 1 (SLR1) and Dwarf 1(D1) demonstrated that SLR1 negatively regulated the resistance of rice to SAK stress, while D1 positively regulated it, suggesting the GA signaling positively regulates the resistance of rice to SAK. A previous study showed that SLR1 interacts with Phytochrome interacting factor-like 14 (PIL14) to regulate the resistance of rice to salt stress. However, PIL14 overexpressor (OX) plants exhibited a similar response to SAK as the wild-type (WT) controls. Further analyses revealed that SLR1 interacted with and inhibited the activation of transcription of IDD10 and bZIP23. Furthermore, IDD10 interacted with bZIP23 to activate Ammonium transporter 1;2 (AMT1;2), and slr1, IDD10 OX and bZIP23 OX accumulated more ammonium (NH 4+ ) than the WT plants. In addition, the bzip23 T-DNA mutant was more sensitive to SAK, while bZIP23 OX was less sensitive compared with the WT. This suggested that bZIP23 is similar to IDD10, which positively regulates the resistance of rice to SAK. Taken together, this data proved that GA signaling promotes the resistance of rice to SAK by modulating the uptake of NH 4+ in rice mediated by SLR1-IDD10-bZIP23.


Echo cancellation in two-wire full-duplex data transmission is usually performed with data-driven transversal filters. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for a microprocessor-based digital adaptive echo canceler. We call it "memory-tap echo canceler" (MTEC) because its taps are made of time-delayed L groups of memory registers. Since the estimated echo signals are directly derived from the binary-nature data, the manipulations involved are multiplication-free for any modulation scheme (baseband, or passband). A theoretical analysis of adaptation, convergence, and computational complexity is given, and the convergence characteristic of MTEC is verified by the computer simulations. Finally, we present some preliminary experimental results for an Intel 8086 microprocessor-based 2400 bit/s echo canceler.


Behavioral Methodology for Designing and Evaluating Applied Programs for Women Linda P. Thurston, Ph.D. To be maxLmally effective in solving problems, researchers must place their methodological and theoretical models of science within social and political contexts. They must become aware of the biases and assumptions in their science and in theirselves and move toward a valid perspectve of social reality. What needs to happen is for psychologists to view women in the situational contexts within which their behavior takes place and avoid the sexist viewpoint of our culture which until recently considered women's problems unimportant. This paper does not attempt to review specific methods or suggest new, specialized methods for designing and evaluating applied behavior analysis programs for women. Rather, this paper will discuss the scientific method in terms of the social and political contexts of our culture, and suggest five critical areas of self-analysis for behaviorists who develop programs for minorities; these critical areas are: 1) formulation of the problem; 2) operationalization of the program/research; 3) consideraton (or lack of consideration) of the social-political context in which women behave, 4) experimenter bias, and 5) analysis and inference. Offered as a case study, using these fi'ie areas of self-analysis, is the methodology for the design developed at Juniper Gardens Children's Project from 1979 to 1982.


Objective: To evaluate various types of lung malignancies diagnosed through bronchoscopy, and their Methodology: This descriptive study was based in a tertiary care chest facility in Peshawar. Duration of the study was from June 2005 - June 2009. The material was obtained from the bronchoscopy record in the chest clinic. All the patients bronchoscoped from June 2005 – June 2009 were studied for their outcome. Result: This study included 425 patients, 306 (72%) were males and 235 (55.3%) of patients were between 31-60 years age. Ninety two (21.6%) patients were diagnosed with lung cancer; of which 73 (79.5%) patients were males and 19 (20.5%) were females. Sixty five (70.7%) of the 92 patients initially presented with shadow on the Chest radiograph, 9 (9.80%) patients had superior vena caval obstruction, 8 (8.70%) patients presented with lung collapse, 6 (6.52%) with haemoptysis, and 4 (4.35%) patients with hoarseness of voice. Forty three (46.7%) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, 29 (31.5%) with adenocarcinoma, 17 (18.5%) with small cell type carcinoma and 3 (3.30%) patients had large cell type carcinoma. Fifty four (58.7%) patients of the 92 were smokers or had a history of smoking, Anthracosis was found in 45 (10.6%) patients out of all the 425 patients. Conclusion: Commonest type of lung cancer in this study was squamous cell (46.7%) followed by adenocarcinoma (31.5%) and small cell carcinoma (18.5%). Squamous cell carcinoma was strongly associated with cigerrete smoking as compared to adenocarcinoma in this study. presentations.


Abstract Lake Mariut is suffering from pollution as it receives industrial effluents and a mix of sewage from different drains, often lacking treatment systems. Sequential extraction procedures were applied for the speciation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb) and P in the lake sediment to evaluate their potential bioavailability. Total concentrations of metals had low values compared with the sediment quality guidelines. The chemical speciation data for Mn and Zn indicate a potential pollution level since the non-residual fractions contain up to 77.6 and 64.9% (respectively) of the total metal content. However, Fe, Cu and Pb are mostly linked to the inert fraction. Risk assessment of metals was carried out using the mobility factor, the contamination factor, the risk assessment code and the enrichment factor. All the analytical approaches indicated the accumulation of pollutants exceeding the adsorptive capacity of Lake Mariut sediments. The organic phosphorus fractions dominated in the sediment accounting for 51.4%, while the most abundant form of inorganic phosphorus was Ca-bound phosphorus. The rank order of P fractions was HCl-P > NaOH-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P > Res-P. The decrease both in the dissolved oxygen level in the lake water and the Fe:P ratio in the lake sediment resulted in the high contribution of the phosphorus fractions to the overlying water.


Thermal expansion coefficients play an important role in the design and analysis of composite structures. A detailed analysis of thermo-mechanical distortion can be performed on microscopic level of a structure. However, for a design and analysis of large structures, the knowledge of effective material properties is essential. Thus, either a theoretical prediction or a numerical estimation of the effective properties is indispensable. In some simple cases, exact analytical solutions for the effective properties can be derived. Moreover, bounds on the effective values exist. However, in dealing with complex heterogeneous composites, numerical methods are becoming increasingly important and more widely used, because of the limiting applicability of the existing (semi-)analytical approaches. In this study, finite-element methods for the calculation of effective thermal expansion coefficients of composites with arbitrary geometrical inclusion configurations are discussed and applied to a heterogeneous lightning protection coating made from Dexmet® copper foil 3CU7-100FA and HexPly® epoxy resin M21. A short overview of some often used (semi-)analytical formulas for effective thermal expansion coefficients of heterogeneous composites is given in addition.


As a typical multicultural country,Australia has met a lot of challenges and chances. It is great impact to policing work. Australia police carry out community policing and adopt some measures such as "neighborhood watch","expansion of service","strengthening liaison and feeding back between police and citizens". Community policing,on one hand,brings safe and peaceful life to the Australian, on the other hand,gives a good model to the policing development of the world.


With an indirect band gap in the visible and a direct band gap at a much higher energy, boron phosphide (BP) holds promise as an unconventional p‐type transparent conductor. This work reports on reactive sputtering of amorphous BP films, their partial crystallization in a P‐containing annealing atmosphere, and extrinsic doping by C and Si. The highest hole concentration to date for p‐type BP (5 × 1020 cm−3) is achieved using C doping under B‐rich conditions. Furthermore, bipolar doping is confirmed to be feasible in BP. An anneal temperature of at least 1000 °C is necessary for crystallization and dopant activation. Hole mobilities are low and indirect optical transitions are stronger than that predicted by theory. Low crystalline quality probably plays a role in both cases. High figures of merit for transparent conductors might be achievable in extrinsically doped BP films with improved crystalline quality.


: The addition of flood proofing to other (structural and non-structural) flood damage reduction measures broadens the choice among existing alternatives for decision makers and consequently enables the possibility of improved expected net benefits from an overall flood damage reduction scheme. Planners are interested in more than just expected values of net benefits, however. The inherent riskiness of various alternative plans must be considered as well. Therefore, a partial equilibrium framework is specified for purposes of estimating means and variances of a measure of net benefits from flood proofing. The model is applied to selected communities in the Connecticut River Basin and sample computer results are provided.


With the size of electronic devices getting smaller and smaller, it has become important to understand thermal expansion coefficients and thermal properties in sub-nanometer scale [1-3]. However, traditional techniques, such as scanning thermal microscopy or Raman thermometry are limited in spatial resolution due to mechanical constraints or optical diffraction limit [1-3]. In the present work, we will utilize a novel approach of non-contact thermometry based on the combination of low-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) with first principles density functional theory (DFT) modeling to measure the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of materials with nano-meter resolution. The approach has been welltested on 2D materials such as TMDs, graphene and MoS2 by Hu et al [1]. Here, we will extend the approach to Si nanoparticles.


Nios Ⅱ processor is a 32/16 bit general-purpose RISC soft-core CPU.The HAL serves as a board-support package for Nios Ⅱ processor systems,programs based on the HAL use the ANSI C standard library functions and runtime environment,and access hardware resources via the HAL API′s generic device models.The article analyzes the Hardware Abstraction Layer(HAL) and the device architecture of the Nios Ⅱ embedded processor system,through an example of embedded net peripheral,studies the action of HAL for device management of Nios Ⅱ embedded rocessor system,and its way to realize.


Postoperative complications are an independent predictor of poor survival across several tumors. However, there is limited literature on the association between postoperative morbidity and long‐term survival following total laryngectomy (TL) for cancer.


Possession and usage of data-enabled smartphones have added further complexity to the issue of cyberloafing behavior and it certainly evokes newer ethical concerns. This study aims to explore how working individuals perceive the ethicality of their cyberloafing behaviors at the workplace and the cognitive logics they apply to justify their cyberloafing behavior.,Incorporating constructivist grounded theory methodology, 19 working managers from various organizations were interviewed face-to-face and responses were audio-recorded with prior consent. The recordings were transcribed verbatim, simultaneously analyzed and coded to let the themes emerge out of the data.,The research showed that working managers use varied combinations of office computers, personal laptops, smartphones, wireless internet provided at the office and personal mobile-internet to loaf around at workplaces. Moreover, it unearthed that employees use nine different neutralization techniques and six different ethical logics (with normative undertones) in a network fashion while considering the ethicality of cyberloafing behavior.,Recognizing the complexities is imperative to moderate any deviant behavior in an organization. The layers of ethicality and neutralization tactics will equip the working managers and companies to place the required internet and smartphone usage policies in the future.,This research has taken into account all forms of cyberloafing behaviors. The perceived ethicality of cyberloafing behavior at the workplace was not fully explored in a holistic manner before, specifically in the Indian context.


The scaling behavior of the factorial moments of the differences in multiplicities between well separated bins in heavy-ion collisions is proposed as a probe of the quark-hadron phase transition. The method takes into account some of the physical features of nuclear collisions that cause some difficulty in the application of the usual method. It is shown in the Ginzburg-Landau theory that a numerical value {gamma} of the scaling exponent can be determined independent of the parameters in the problem. The universality of {gamma} characterizes the quark-hadron phase transition, and can be tested directly by appropriately analyzed data. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}


In this position paper we discuss the effect of open data on privacy. In order to reduce privacy issues due to the publication of open data, we suggest to build a database which overviews open data in a structured way with a special focus on privacy. This database could be enhanced with tools which automatically try to link existing datasets and allow publishers to check potential de-anonymization risks.


Experimental and prediction study for bearing capacity of inflatable wing have been done and described in this paper.Firstly,model of aerofoil was established,structure of inflatable wing was analyzed and optimized,then method of orthogonal experiment was used to ascertain the main impact of influence bearing capacity and experimental of inflatable wing was finished for bearing capacity.Artificial neural network was finally adopted to predict bearing capacity.The results show that:(1) In the initial experiment,at the same pressure,the relationship between loading and deflection approximately abides by linearity relations.When reached the fixed pressure,the relationship between loading and deflection is also linearity,but the slope abruptly increases.(2)The relative error between the predicted result and the experiment result is 12%,and standard deviation 0.39%,and show that the bearing capacity prediction model of neural net work can predict the bearing capacity of inflatable wing accurately and rapidly.


Significance The question of how cooperation might evolve by natural selection, famously posed by Darwin, has since been answered many times over. Most explanations boil down to some form of population structure, either physical or social, so that cooperative partnerships arise more often than expected in a well-mixed community. Here, we report a qualitatively different mechanism that can favor cooperation, without any population structure whatsoever. The simple fact that reproduction or social contagion involves randomness can alone reverse the evolutionary outcome for cooperation and for many other social behaviors. This account of evolution shows that stochasticity during reproduction can be as strong a force as fitness, when interacting types compete in a population.


This report is the result of a one year study of road side accidents in the state of Illinois. The study was conducted by the Department of Criminal Justice Sciences at Illinois State University. The purpose of the study was to review and analyze road side accident data from the Illinois Department of Transportation and to review literature applicable to accidents of this type. Some of the findings are as follows: (1) Road side accidents were least frequent from 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. and increased steadily until the hourly intervals of 3 p.m. and 4 p.m.; (2) Road side accidents were lowest from Monday through Thursday; (3) Smaller communities were least likely to have accidents, while the likelihood of accidents increased with community size; (4) Non-marked roads accounted for 97% of all accidents in Illinois involving vehicles parked legally on the side of the road; (5) 75% of all road side accidents occurred under dry driving conditions; (6) Road side accidents were infrequently associated with road deficiencies; (7) 3 types of vehicles were much more likely to be the vehicle causing the accident than the vehicle struck - single-unit trucks, vans, and pickups; (8) Of 4 emergency vehicles used in the study, police vehicles were the most likely to be struck and the most likely to strike another vehicle; (9) Injuries were more prevalent among drivers of vehicles causing the accident than among drivers of the vehicle struck; (10) Alcohol was not an important contributor to road side accidents; (11) The most frequent maneuver of the striking vehicle prior to the accident was driving straight forward; (12) Police road side accidents at night were proportionally similar to passenger car accidents; (13) Injuries from road side accidents involving police vehicles occurred nearly three times as often as injuries for passenger vehicles, and half again as often for other emergency vehicles; (14) The normative condition for road side accidents appears to be when the weather is good, the roads are clear, drivers are not impaired, and drivers of striking vehicles are driving on a straight section of roadway.


Method of manufacturing a reflection type polarizing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention, the metal layer on the opening area and the non-opening region defined substrate, forming a first partition wall layer and the sacrificial layer are sequentially with; The box opening area while the of a first height on the sacrificial layer forming a plurality of first photo-mask pattern that is spaced apart from each other and, at the same time, on the sacrificial layer, the non-aperture region having a larger second height greater than the first height forming a second photomask pattern; Forming a plurality of sacrificial layer pattern by using as the first and second photo mask pattern as a mask, selectively etching the sacrificial layer in said opening area; The first photo-mask as well as the removal of the pattern, removing a portion of the second photomask pattern; After forming the second barrier layer on the substrate, the sacrificial layer patterns are formed, and forming a plurality of first barrier ribs formed along the sidewalls of the sacrificial layer patterns By this anisotropic etching, only the sacrifice layer pattern of the opening region selectively removing with a; It forming spaced apart from each other a plurality of grid patterns By patterning after the formation of the copolymer layer to the grid pattern area corresponding to the space between the first partition wall and; Forming a wire grid polarizer By patterning the metal layer in the opening region, with a plurality of nano wire pattern is arranged spaced apart from each other in the opening area, consisting of a metal film of the non-opening area using the grid pattern; It includes.


Currently building energy occupies about 23% of national energy consumption in Korea and especially, lighting energy occupies about 30% of electric power used in buildings. For this reason, researches on systems actively using daylight has been continued. Daylighting is highly beneficial for reducing building energy consumption and improving the indoor environmental quality. To make effective use of daylight, we need to know daylit environment. Hereat certain measure is required for assessing indoor daylit environment. There are some kinds of assessment measure for daylight in buildings. Daylight factor has been used as a general assessment measure, but it does not consider physical effects on occupants. It requires that daylight is categorized as both comfortable and discomfortable ranges. So, in this study, a concept of useful daylight illuminance was applied for assessing daylight in a mock-up model of a livingroom under different sky conditions, by a way actually measuring during three days under different sky conditions in April, 2012. Useful daylight illuminance(UDI) is designed to aid the interpretation of climate-based analyses of daylight illuminance levels that are founded on hourly meteorological data for a period of a full year. Also, UDI paradigm informs on useful levels of daylight illuminance and the propensity for excessive levels of daylight that are associated with occupant discomfort and unwanted solar gain. Characteristics of daylight distributions in a livingroom are analysed to be used for basic information in future of research on daylit environment or development of daylighting systems in a livingroom.


Magnetometer array data, collected by H. Porath and co-workers from the University of Texas at Dallas in the midwest United States during the fall of 1969, have been reanalyzed to further define the nature of the reported geomagnetic variation anomaly in the region of the midcontinent gravity high. Variation events with a wide range of horizontal source field polarization and frequency have been digitized from the original film records. These data have been used in a vertical-field response arrow (induction vector) analysis. The results indicate that there is no significant overall conductivity anomaly associated with the geologic structure causing the gravity feature. Rather, the pattern of anomalous variation fields is one of isolated anomalies at high frequency. These anomalies are coincident with postulated fault structures perpendicular to the gravity high lineament and with localized regions of high heat flow.


Several types of pancreatic fistulae have been devised for the study of the external secretion of the pancreas since DeGraaf first tied a cannula in the sectioned pancreatic duct of the dog and led it through the skin. This method and in particular the modification introduced by Elman and McCaughan 1 serves very well for acute experiments. The cannula however usually loosens and comes out after 10 to 15 days and the fistula closes or the animal dies. The method of Heidenhain 2 and Pawlow, 3 whereby the piece of duodenal wall containing the entrance of the lower pancreatic duct in the case of the dog is transplanted into the skin of the abdominal wall is more useful for chronic experiments. This has, however, the limitation in that relatively small amounts of secretion are obtained (200 to 300 cc. per day), the excoriation of the skin is very troublesome, the secretion is contaminated by contact with the abdominal wall, and lastly an ascending infection of the pancreas often results via the ducts and the secretion stops almost completely. In an attempt to obviate some of these difficulties the following type of pancreatic fistula was devised. The duodenum was cut across 2 cm. distal to the pylorus and again about 8 cm. lower down, just below the entrance of the lower pancreatic duct. The pyloric antrum was resected and the lower duodenum anastomosed to the open end of the stomach by the end to side suture. The common bile duct was sectioned near its entrance into the duodenum and implanted either into the stomach or upper jejunum. The upper short section of duodenum containing the entrance of the pancreatic ducts (usually 2 or more in the dog) was converted into a closed sac by inversion and closure of both ends.


We present and analyse the collective statistical results of a long-term field study quantifying the number of lightning strikes to buildings equipped with lightning protection systems. The observations were made over the period 1990–2003 in a region with one of the highest lightning activities in the world. The data sample comprised 86 structures with a mean height and exposure time of 57 metres and 6.9 yr, respectively. These structures were subjected to 384 flashes over the total observation time of 592 yr. The positioning of the protective air terminals on these structures was carried out with an improved electrogeometric model of lightning attachment. The collective observational data have been compared with the expected number of incident flashes using a variety of analytical relations and statistical tests. The expected strike frequency was determined with three different, contemporary models of lightning attachment to structures. The protection level or interception efficiency estimated from the models is compared with the actual value derived from the long-term field observations involving measurements of captured strikes and evidence of lightning by-pass events. The results show that the observational data used in this study are well-described by a Poisson distribution. There is a highly significant positive correlation between the observational data and the number of strikes expected from the application of the theoretical models. Finally, the observed and expected values for the mean interception efficiency of the lightning protection systems in the study are shown to be in good agreement.


In this work, a number of industrial samples of needle cokes from various manufacturers were studied. The study of the samples was carried out by methods of X-ray diffractometry and analytical scanning electron microscopy. The parameters of their crystal structure were determined, and the features of their microstructure were investigated. The differences found in the crystal structure and morphology of coke particles made it possible to divide the studied samples into 2 groups: isotropic, with equal longitudinal and transverse crystallite sizes, and anisotropic, in which the longitudinal crystallite sizes exceed the transverse ones by 3-4 times. Particles of isotropic cokes have a fracture texture characteristic of a glassy amorphous body, in contrast to which particles of anisotropic cokes have a lamellar texture. The consistency of the conclusions obtained from the results of two independent methods makes it possible to consider X-ray diffraction analysis in combination with analytical electron microscopy as the necessary complementary tools for evaluating cokes with the aim of their possible application in various technological processes.


BACKGROUND
Clinical studies have mainly been focused on oral health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL) outcomes of removable dentures.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate therapy of elderly patients with implant-supported fixed partial dentures (IFPD) and tooth-supported fixed partial dentures (FPD) in the posterior dental regions.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The OHIP49 was used to measure OHRQoL in 64 patients with IFPD and 38 patients with FPD, before, 3 weeks and 3 years after rehabilitation. A control group (CG) consisted of 62 individuals.

RESULTS
The Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP) follow-up scores of the patients with FPD and the patients with IFPD were significantly smaller in comparison with the baseline scores (p < 0.01). The OHIP scores were further reduced at the 3-year follow-up. The patients with IFPD had significantly higher scores than the patients with FPD and the CG at the baseline and at the follow-ups. In the patients with FPD, both age groups (≤60 and >60) showed equal improvement of the OHRQoL. In the IFPD group, patients older than 60 years showed better improvement (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences dependent on gender and antagonistic teeth (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The FPD and the IFPD treatment showed significant improvement of OHRQoL. The FPD treatment improved OHRQoL equally in both age groups, while the IFPD treatment improved OHRQoL better in older patients.


Using population and product consumption data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, I construct comparable measures of inequality and migration for 65 countries, including some of the poorest countries in the world. I find that the urban-rural gap accounts for 40% of mean country inequality and much of its cross-country variation. One out of every four or five individuals raised in rural areas moves to urban areas as a young adult, where they earn much higher incomes than nonmigrant rural permanent residents. Equally, one out of every four or five individuals raised in urban areas moves to rural areas as a young adult, where they earn much lower incomes than their nonmigrant urban cousins. These flows and relative incomes are suggestive of a world where the population sorts itself geographically on the basis of its human capital and skill. I show that a simple model of this sort explains the urban-rural gap in living standards. JEL Codes: O15, O18. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.


Network traffic increased day by day in internet. This project solves this problem by using the web caching and web prefetching. Web caching and prefetching generally used to improve the effective utilization of the internet. Web cache may cache the web document in their local proxy server. Web prefetching technique may perfected for late usage. To improve the cache access speed equal to the speed of CPU we can use multiple caches. Each level of cache need to updated regularly, for this process we can use page replacement policy like FIFO, LIFO and GDS. But this project use RGDS (Reversed Greedy Dual Size) instead of GDS. We can implement this project in multiple LAN's, so more than one client get benefits. This is done by set the individual proxy server for each LAN. Each LAN can communicate with another LAN through Inter Autonomous System routing protocol mechanism. Apart from the above concept we can also reduce the cost as well as time in the internet.


Literary fiction hardly abounds with astronomers, but a novel written 60 years ago in Hungary shows how such a character could be used.


We investigate in this paper an original methodology for detecting roof facets through the fusion of aerial images and lidar data (3D point cloud). Based on a hierarchical segmentation of the image, we define a cost function that manages the merging order of regions. It depends on both radio-metric similarities of two neighbouring regions as well as on extracted information from lidar data. Considering that lidar data have been filtered into points belonging either to ground or non-ground classes, we define semantic and geometric rules in the binary merging process. Building roof facets are finally detected by selecting a level of generality for representing roof building components. Some remarks are given concerning the reliability of the integration of lidar and image data. Reconstructed roof facets are finally shown onto complex buildings


This thesis focuses on the links between writing, social dynamics and perception of the world in the Middle Ages, from the 7th to around the 13th century. It is based on the examination of a digitised corpus of 150,000 diplomatic documents (CEMA), the systematic exploitation of Patrologia Latina, the chronological analysis of nearly 520,000 charters, and a corpus of nearly 9,000 Romanesque buildings (Zodiaque). A theoretical background is first presented (scripturality, linguistics and perception of the world, digital humanities and data / text mining, coherence and fragmentation of feudalism), in the form of prolegomena, allowing us to identify certain presuppositions but also to articulate the production of the observations and the analyses that follow.

The examination of the interactions between these different documentary structures, via automated procedures inspired by data mining, digital cartography and Data / Text Mining (including some of the methods and programmes developed for the thesis), subsequently makes it possible to identify different phases of the unequal dynamics of medieval Europe, as so many moments in which the text is not only a transaction support, but also a device for transforming society and the world, with evolving semantics. The analysis thus reveals chrono-geographical groups, which apply to scriptural production as an object, as well as to its lexicon or to buildings, and whose differential dynamics are spread over more than four centuries. The Early Middle Ages charters, which does not reveal much in the way of regional features - although it is highly specific and heterogeneous as a corpus - is examined in contrast to the one that emerged in some areas (the central area of present-day France, Catalonia, the centre of the Italian Peninsula), towards the middle to end of the 9th century. The original charters (the basis of the Artem), analysed as a whole, also show that these chrono-geographical structures are reflected in the typologies of acts (authors, actions, dimensions, etc.), but also that these groups are identical to those found in the charters preserved in copy, for example in the form of cartouches. These observations then make it possible to highlight different social complexes that inform these differences, between centre and periphery, monasteries and aristocracy, state and seigniorial system, Gothic and Romanesque, quality of settlement and ecclesial control finally.

The last part of the work allows us to deepen the semantics of these unequal relations and of the acts themselves, by examining two lexico-semantic networks omnipresent in the acts, around the lemmas aqua and terra. While the aquatic element appears, in some of its forms (celestial manifestations, fountains, tears), as a fundamental operator of the transitus and spiritualisation of the world, the earth oscillates between rejection, association with worldly flesh on the one hand, and ultra- valorisation on the other, analogy of the ecclesia itself, in connection with the saints, the Virgin or Christ Gold, while the spiritualising role of water has remained very strong since the High Middle Ages, the insistence on the association between terra and ecclesia/sanctus, rather weak at the beginning of our chronology, continues to grow stronger. The transformations in the vocabulary of acts, as world writings that vary greatly from one chrono-geography to the next, but which tend to come closer together, particularly in the 13th century, are then discussed. By examining the resonances between writing as practice or representation and these outfits - in particular how the variable peaks of mentions of terra correspond to the peaks of production of acts in a given area - a field of meaning and structure gradually emerges, in which the text of the act, like water, spiritualises beings and the mundus, while these are transferred or simply linked to the ecclesia, integrated within networks of increasing complexity, articulated by analogy. As devices acting on the world, acts thus become one of the catalysts of an unequal spiritualisation and stabilisation of the world, of a multipolar ecclesial fixation.


A method is presented for assessment of effects of main plastic factors – reversed plastic yielding of the material and plasticity-induced crack closure – on small fatigue crack behavior. The method uses the closed form analytical solution of the elastic-plastic problem for a rectilinear crack in a plate on the basis of plasticstrip model. This allowed to simplify significantly the calculation of the stress-strain parameters at the crack tip (the effective stress intensity factor range and crack tip opening displacement range). It was shown that the calculated results agree well with those obtained by the more complicated methods, including a method of finite elements. Using the proposed method, the dependence of the small crack growth rate on the loading amplitude and stress ratio, initial crack size and other parameters, has been analyzed. The revealed regularities and tendencies are proved experimentally. In particular, the method is successfully utilized to predict the small fatigue crack growth rate in Fe-3% Si alloy under high amplitude loading.


Problem area For some kinds of variable amplitude (VA) fatigue load history the crack growth rates can be correlated by characteristic values of the stress intensity factor, K. Then it may be possible to estimate VA fatigue crack growth lives very efficiently by using a factor or simple equation applied to constant amplitude (CA) crack growth data. However, there are several limitations on doing this.


Two strategies were shown to be efficient in the construction of corroles with appended coumarin units. Direct condensation of formyl-coumarins with dipyrromethanes leads to a diverse range of trans-A2B-corroles in moderate yields. We showed that the strategy consisting of synthesis of various hydroxycoumarins followed by nucleophilic aromatic substitution with pentafluorobenzaldehyde and subsequent condensation of the resulting coumarin-aldehyde with dipyrromethanes is the most general methodology for the preparation of such dyads. The second, more demanding but also more efficient approach is based on Sonogashira coupling of ethynylphenylcorroles with suitably functionalized bromocoumarins. A broad range of structurally diverse coumarins were employed with absorption ranging from 300 to 460 nm. Spectroscopic properties of all eight dyads studied suggest that the linker components are weakly electronically coupled.


A new disease of apple packers appeared in 1964 in Washington. Blood in nasal discharges ranged from mild staining to dripping hemorrhage. The disease followed chemical changes in the fabrication of two brands of blue-dyed apple-packing trays made from salvaged newspaper. A third tray made of plastic and a fourth of virgin wood pulp produced no such signs of nasal irritation. Attack rates of hemoglobin in nasal discharges in the control general population was about 25% during the same six-week period. All packers dripped blood from the nose in some plants. Nosebleeds decreased where newsprint trays were stopped. Bleeding began in packers switched late in the season from nonirritating to newsprint trays.


Abstract Background Dengue is an infectious mosquito-borne disease in India and is caused by a virus named as dengue virus. It is also known as break bone fever, is a painful and sometimes fatal viral disease characterized by headache, skin rash and debilitating muscle and joint pains. In India, dengue is becoming a public health problem. The predominant dengue virus serotypes during the last few years have been DENV-2 and DENV-3. There is no specific antiviral treatment currently available for dengue fever. Time to time many dengue cases treated with homoeopathic medicine successfully have been reported. Methodology Demographic data, symptoms and laboratory findings were collected from patients with confirmed dengue infections treated from outpatient department and inpatient department of Dr. D. P. R. Central Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Noida, from September 2015 to October 2015. Results Four dengue infected patients were treated successfully by homoeopathic medicine Eupatorium perfoliatum without any complication. Conclusion Dengue requires early diagnosis and treatment. Dengue can be managed with homoeopathy. Further studies are mandatory as evidence-based data in the management of dengue are sparse.


Introduction. The factors responsible for effective interactions between the representatives of different cultures have been investigated by numerous researchers. Such interest is caused by growing tendency for globalization as it means increasing in the number of contacts in many spheres such as international politics, business, trade, education and many others. Therefore, those who are involved in international communications due to their profession have to possess certain abilities and obtain essential knowledge, which help them to develop specific skills for successful communication. To analyze and structuralize these abilities, knowledge and skills is the purpose of the present research.

Methods. To achieve the goal, the differences in theoretical definitions and conceptualizations of cross-cultural competence structure were analyzed. The generalization of its components was considered, and the conclusions were made about the interaction of these components, and how they influence and impact behavior, action, and outcomes.

Research results and their discussion. A preliminary conceptual model of cross-cultural competence consisting of nine elements was offered. In different sources, similar structures were denominated with different terminologies. However, based on the numerous studies, it became possible to create a cross-cultural competence structure, which shows the correlation of cognitive knowledge, abilities, attitudes, traits, performing and behavioral skills while communicating cross-culturally. Cultural experience and foreign language knowledge also contribute to cross-cultural efficiency, which level can be measured. The measurement results are divided into external and internal. External outcomes include behavioral outcomes and outcomes of adapting to a cross-cultural environment, participating in it, and demonstrating appropriate behavior.


This paper investigates communication (verbal and nonverbal) in the bilingual (Farsi-English) mathematics classroom. The study examines the communicative repertoire that interlocutors employed in lessons enabling them to construct meaning and mediate understanding. That is, the ways in which language and gesture can be seen as resources in supporting and conveying mathematical ideas is described. It appeared that the pointing gestures that were produced by the classroom teachers served as a mnemonic device to help remembering the key mathematics register.


The purpose of this project is to explore the feasibility of automating the verification process for computer systems. The intent is to demonstrate that both the software and hardware that comprise the system meet specified availability and reliability criteria, that is, total design analysis. The approach to automation is based upon the use of Automated Reasoning Software developed at Argonne National Laboratory. This approach is herein referred to as formal analysis and is based on previous work on the formal verification of digital hardware designs. Formal analysis represents a rigorous evaluation which is appropriate for system acceptance in critical applications, such as a Reactor Safety System (RSS). This report describes a formal analysis technique in the context of a case study, that is, demonstrates the feasibility of applying formal analysis via application. The case study described is based on the Reactor Safety System (RSS) for the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II). This is a system where high reliability and availability are tantamount to safety. The conceptual design for this case study incorporates a Fault-Tolerant Processor (FTP) for the computer environment. An FTP is a computer which has the ability to produce correct results even in the presence of any single fault.more » This technology was selected as it provides a computer-based equivalent to the traditional analog based RSSs. This provides a more conservative design constraint than that imposed by the IEEE Standard, Criteria For Protection Systems For Nuclear Power Generating Stations (ANSI N42.7-1972).« less


Abstract It is shown that high resolution incoherent neutron quasi-elastic scattering (NQES) may be used, via the measurement of the elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF), as a new tool to study molecular ordering in liquid crystals. The EISF is a bilinear combination of all the order parameters (P1 ) and its experimental value can be deduced from an intensity measurement. As an example, we measure from the NQES spectra, the EISF of powder smectic A TBBA at 184 [ddot]C. These data are analysed in terms of two microscopic models (molecules rotating around their long axis and (i) fluctuating about the director: model 1, (ii) precessing on a cone about the director: model 2). It is shown that from the powder results only, we cannot discriminate between these two models, but that model 2 can explain other published experimental results (in particular some Raman scattering of light data) whereas model 1 cannot. Some conjectures about model 2 are made.


Thepresent study wasperformed toexamine the mechanism bywhich cyclooxygenase blockade produces vaso- constriction inwell-developed coronary collateral vessels. Eight dogswerestudied 4to6months after occlusion ofthe left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)hadbeen performed tostimulate collateral vessel growth. Atthetimeof study, theLAD wascannulated atthesite ofocclusion for measurement ofretrograde blood flow asanindex ofcollateral blood flow. Levels of6-ketoprostaglandin F,a were32±13% higher inblood diverted fromthecollateral-dependent LAD thaninaortic blood(P<.05); theincrease inthisstable product ofprostacyclin metabolism indicated production of prostacyclin across thecoronary collateral system. Administra- tion ofarachidonic acid into theleft maincoronary artery to reach collateral vessels entering theLAD resulted ina21±6% increase inretrograde flow(P<.01), demonstrating cyclooxy- genase activity withproduction ofvasodilator prostaglandins inthecollateral system. Ibuprofen (10mg/kgIV)caused a 55±7%decrease inretrograde flow(P<.03), suggesting that


High performance coatings (HPC) may be used as floors, made by mixing substrates with resin which are today applied in several types of floors by the Brazilian industries. The application of HPC floors is associated with some benefits such as speed of application, high mechanical performance and absence of expansion joints. The Brazilian standard requires that the manufacture of HPC uses epoxy resin and mineral aggregates. This work, however, aimed to study the mechanical performance of a similar material, made by using a castor oil based polyurethane resin, instead of epoxy, mixed with ground piassava natural fibers and determine if it is possible to use as a novel HCP. The piassava fibers were obtained as an industrial waste of a broom factory located in Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil. A preliminarily characterization of the fibrous waste was carried out to determine its density and the fibers were subjected to a morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water absorption and compressive strength of the novel HPC were determined and the fracture surface was observed by SEM. The results proved the effectiveness of using 20% fiber, which made possible to apply this composition as HPC.


Summary The effects of passively coating, with specific isoantibodies, erythrocyte isoantigens determined by the B blood-group locus in chickens on the immune response to A blood-group system isoantigens were investigated. Antibody synthesis to the B isoantigens was suppressed while the immunological response to A isoantigens, present on the same erythrocytes, was significantly enhanced. Since B isoantigens act as an adjuvant to A isoantigens, these results suggest that passive anti-B antibodies diminish competition between B and A antigens or, alternatively, enhance the adjuvant activity of the B antigens.


sively secondary wood. No growth rings have been observed. Tracheids have the width 20–50 μm (mean 25 μm) in the tangential section. Pitting on the radial walls is mainly uniseriate, partly biseriate or triseriate. The uniseriate pits are circular or oval. The biseriate and triseriate pits are polygonal (often hexagonal), distributed adjacent to each other, and densely cover the whole width of the walls. The diameter of the pits is 12±2 μm. The poruses are circular. Medullary rays are mostly uniseriate, composed of 1–46 layers; mostly between a fifteen or so and 30 layers. As the investigations are at the preliminary stage, the author prefers to use only the generic term to name the wood, namely Dadoxylon sp., without giving it a species designation. Mineralogical investigation of silicified wood was conducted using polarizing light microscope. Observations showed various the optical orientation of quartz crystals filling up cells of wood. It is observed as differentiated disapperance of polarized light. This phenomenon documents that beginning of growth of quartz crystals (center of crystallization) was located at various places of cell walls. This situation is the result of beginning of destruction of organic compounds of wall structure of cells at various places. Additionally investigation documents various intensity of silification of cordaitalean structure. Because of this the process of silification is different at various parts of tissues and one can observe parts fully petrified and completely without mineralization. The structure of wood tissues is at same places damaged by crystallizing quartz. This phenomenon is observed at the tissues where silification was continued and size of newly formed quartz crystals is overgrowth size wood cells of wood. Mentioned zones of cell destruction are especially well seen at placed where silification developed parallel to orientation of biological wood structures. In summary one can say that mentioned processes were the reason of only partial petrification (silification) of examined cordaitalean second wood.


Customer's satisfaction is essential and which every organizations should focus on. In any business that does not succeed in satisfying its customers, there is very high tendency that the customers may not patronize the business again. Satisfied customers are likely to be loyal and continue patronizing than dissatisfied customers. If companies have loyal customers, they do not have to spend too much money in acquiring new customers, because the satisfied customers tend to advertise through the word of mouth . In a win-win situation, business focuses on profit and happy customers and customers try to satisfy their needs. The purpose of this research article is to examine the customer satisfaction among group of customer of SBBJ in Rajasthan. The scope of the study is confined to State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur, in the branches of the bank in South Rajasthan, which covers customers of the bank. Simple random sampling technique is used to collect data with the help of questionnaire. A total of 70 samples were collected from customers of SBBJ bank of Rajasthan. Data analysis was done by using Coefficient of Correlation and it was found that there is significant correlation between HRM and HRD practices and Customer Satisfaction.


Homeopathy is a complementary therapy which aims to help the organism to be cured through the administration of oral or injected ultradiluted medications in sick patients [1]. It has been widely used by patients with chronic diseases, mainly aiming at a better quality of life, as well as mitigating the side effects caused by the continuous administration of conventional medicines or even in cases where chemotherapy is necessary [2].


This article examines Earth Justice's short documentary film 'Dryden – The Small Town that Changed the Fracking Game' in order to analyze the ways in which residents deployed the figure of the neighbor as part of their successful effort to prevent natural gas drilling in their community. This figure, a common trope used by the gas industry to insinuate itself into the areas it aims to exploit, is taken up by activists for the purpose of promoting a collective sense of responsibility and fostering feelings of solidarity. Though much of the discourse around fracking currently seems stuck in irresolvable debates that reduce the issue to merely scientific or economic terms, 'Dryden' foregrounds the social dimensions of this particular crisis. In reconsidering fracking as a crisis of community, Earth Justice's documentary and the activists in Dryden not only establish a groundbreaking legal precedent for imposing de facto bans on fracking, but also explore ways of breaking out of the discursive gridlock. The deployment of the figure of the neighbor sheds light on new potentialities, compelling new understandings of extrafamilial relationships and collective responsibility that provide new modes of thinking otherwise in the face of what has become a stultifying debate.


The paper discusses comparison between genotyping and sequencing and their use in pig-breeding. The reasons for the increase in response to selection when combining BLUP and genotyping are analyzed. A sampling technique for genotyping pigs under the conditions of the porcine farm Bashkirskaya Myasnaya Companiya LLC is described: taking a tissue sample and sampling hair follicles.


: Objective To find a proper multiple health education education model forclinical nursins.Method 400 subjects were divided into 2 groups,one provided with single health education while the other with multiple health education. Investigation was carried out upon them through questionnaire.Results The adaptive capacity of subjects provided with multiple health education was significantly better than that of those with single health ducation. Conclusion Multiple health education can work better to make parients more adaptive to hospitalization than single health education.


Under pressure treatment conditions the liquid penetrability in fast growing Chinese fir and factors affecting on it were studied.Through a series of quantitative and qualitative analysis,the result showed that exterior pressure and pressing time had more effect on penetrability,but dyestuff solution content had less effect.The optimum was as follows:steeping time of 60~90 min,exterior pressure of 0 3~0 4 MPa and dyestuff solution consistence of 5~10 g·L -1.


Objective:To study the effect of astragaloside on the oxygen radical metabolism and(DN)the expression of transforming grow th factorβ1(TGF-β1)mRNA in the rats with STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy(DN),and to clarify its related mechanism.Methods:60 Wistar rats were divided into control group,model group,irbesartan group,low dose(0.75 mg · kg · d~(-1)) of astragaloside group, middle dose(1.50mg·kg·d~(-1))of astragaloside group and high dose(3.00mg·kg·d~(-1))of astragaloside group(n=10).Except control group,the rats in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 60mg·kg·d~(-1) STZ to induce DN models.8 weeks later,the levels of serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),fasting blood glucose,and 24 hurinary protein of the rats in various groups were detected.The SOD and GSH-Px activities and MDA levels in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups were measured;the expression levels of CAT and TGF-β1mRNA in kidney tissue were determined by RT-PCT.Results:Compared with model group,the kidney function of the DN rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups was improved;the serum Scr levels of the rats in astragloside groups were decreased(P0.05 or P0.01),and the levels of serum BUN and PBG and 24 h urinary protein of the rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups were decreased(P0.05 or P0.01).Compared with model group,the MDA levels in kidney tissue of the rats in middle and high doses of astragaloside groups were decreased and the SOD activites were increased(P0.05 or P0.01);the expression levels of TGF-β1mRNA were decreased(P 0.05);the GSH activities in kidney tissue of the rats in various doses of astragaloside groups were increased P0.05 or P0.01);but the expression levels of CAT mRNA had no changes(P0.05).Conclusion:Astragaloside can improve the kidney function of DN rats,its mechanism may be related to the improvement of oxygen radical damage and reduction of TGF-β1mRNA expression.


The antigenic determinants in parasites vary depending on their stage of development, from egg, through embryo and larva to the adult worm. The adult parasite has countless antigens capable of inducing humoral and cellular immune response, generallywith polyclonal stimulation, but the presence of IgE antibodies to Ascaris provides no indication of which antigens or from which phase they have resulted.


Belinsky and Pushkin from the Twentieth Century My concern in this essay is to examine, from the vantage point of the modem critical mind (by which I mean primarily the critical viewpoint of Russian formalism and structuralism) certain nineteenth-century Russian writings-texts, if you like-about literature and culture that have definitely not stood the test of time. The critical writings of Belinsky and Chemyshevsky, for the most part, have become almost unreadable to students who were weaned on Anglo-American New Criticism and received nourishment as they matured from formalists and structuralists of various hues, only to have all certitudes deconstructed as they reached adulthood. This is certainly true of students in the West, where Belinsky and Chernyshevsky are assigned in large amounts only as a punishment for something, like trying to get a Ph.D. in Slavic. Regarding the reception of these writers by the present generation in the Soviet Union the evidence is not clear, but I do not see how their experience could be very different from our own. Though Soviet students have been sheltered from Wimsatt, Frye, Barthes, and Derrida, and even to a large extent from


ABSTRACT: Blood transfusion is an integral part of medical practice.Human blood till date has no substitute. Proper utilization of whole blood and blood components is necessary so that there is minimal  wastage.A total of 31655(voluntary and replacement)donors donating blood in the state of art model blood bank of Assam Medical College and Hospital from 1 st January, 2015 to 31 st May, 2016 were screened. A total of 763 whole blood bags were discarded out ofwhich 305(39.97%)bags were discarded due toseropositivity for Transfusion Transmissible Diseases. A total of 385 blood components were discarded against 12794 blood components prepared. Among  components most common units discarded were platelets.The most common cause of discarding of blood components was expiry due to non utilization(88.57%).Proper implementation of blood transfusion policies will help to utilize blood in a proper way and to reduce the wastage due to non utilization of the components


The increasing demands on micrelectronic circuits for small size and high data rates has pushed electronic interconnection technology to its limit. New techniques are being sought to circumvent these difficulties. Among them are optical interconnections. A multiple grating reflection type holographic element can be used in a number of electronic chip to chip interconnection arrangements. To be effective the element should distribute optical radiation incident at one reconstruction angle into a number of signal beam directions with high diffraction efficiency, η. Analytical and numerical models have been developed to describe some aspects of multiple transmission gratings1,2,however except for the "on-Bragg" description by Kowarschik3, relatively little exists for multiple reflection gratings.


To isolate the DNA sequences specific for the pericentric heterochromatin of Drosophila we used two CREST-autoimmune sera which bind in the Western-blot analysis the nuclear antigens of 30 kDa, 43 kDa and 45 kDa molecular weight. Cloning of the DNA fragments associated with these CREST-specific proteins of Drosophila resulted in obtaining 8 clones. One of them, lambda 20, hybridized mainly to the chromomcenter of polytene chromosomes. The further analysis indicated that the lambda 20 DNA might belong to the proximal beta-heterochromatin of the polytene chromosomes of D. melanogaster.


Pyroxene-spinel symplectites of possibly garnet origin occur characteristically in the Horoman peridotite. The three-dimensional microtexture of these symplectic intergrowths from a fertile spinel lherzolite is described quantitatively integrating successive two-dimensional BSE images. Symplectite structure is characterized by coarse-grained branch structure of clinopyroxene grains and spinel grains having rod, planar, cylinder, tubular and branch structure within orthopyroxene crystals. Symplectite clinopyroxene grains having branch structure are connected to clinopyroxenes in a fine-grained mineral aggregate around the symplectite. This suggests that symplectite pyroxenes possibly grew from the outer side inwards sharing the crystal axis with pyroxenes around the symplectite. Modal variations of clinopyroxene remain almost constant in one symplectite (average 23%). While the width of the spinel grain in two dimensions is almost the same as in the symplectite, it can be slightly changed by the angle between the cut plane and the elongation of spinel structures. Mineral distributions of spinel and clinopyroxene are closely related to each other. Spinel occurring at the grain boundaries between clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene has planer shape. Almost all spinel grains are located at the grain boundaries between the orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in three dimensions. These suggest that spinel grains preferentially nucleated on grain boundaries between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene after the formation of pyroxene domains as suggested by Obata et al. (1997).


Gene transfer between the mitochondrial and nuclear genome of the same species, called endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), is a mechanism which has largely shaped gene contents in eukaryotes since a unique ancestral endosymbiotic event know to be at the origin of all mitochondria. The gene tree-species tree reconciliation model has been recently extended to account for EGTs: given a binary gene tree and a binary species tree, the EndoRex software outputs an optimal DLE-Reconciliation, that is an embedding of the gene tree into the species tree inducing a most parsimonious history of Duplications, Losses and EGT events. Here, we provide the first algorithmic study for DLE-Reconciliation in the case of a multifurcated (non-binary) gene tree. We present a general two-steps method: first, ignoring the mitochondrial-nuclear (or 0-1) labeling of leaves, output a binary resolution minimizing the DL-Reconciliation and, for each resolution, assign a known number of 0s and 1s to the leaves in a way minimizing EGT events. While Step 1 corresponds to the well studied non-binary DL-Reconciliation problem, the complexity of the formal label assignment problem related to Step 2 is unknown. Here, we show it is NP-complete even for a single polytomy (non-binary node). We then provide a heuristic which is exact for the unitary cost of operations, and a polynomial-time algorithm for solving a polytomy in the special case where genes are specific to a single genome (mitochondrial or nuclear) in all but one species.


Through analysis of developing evolvement and defects of industry cluster in China in recent years,this paper puts forward three paths of cluster innovation:cluster structure innovation,cluster technology innovation and cluster thoughts innovation.It also advances the 'five-wheel drive' policy innovation mechanism made up of policy programming,policy system,policy encouraging,policy coordination and policy sparkplug.Starting from public policy design,a design process based on retroactive and dynamic circle is suggested.According to the model,a series of policy frames are designed.