Human beings were eager to know the meaning of dream from old times as it seemed to conceal some important messages for individuals. But the scientific study on dream has begun recently, and the depth psychologist S. Freud and C. G. Jung made clear that the dream represented the state of the psyche of human being. Thus, it could be used as a good instrument for psychotherapy. Nevertheless their stances were somewhat different: Freud thought that there were two strata in dreams, the manifestent font and the latentent font. While the former represents the sequence of fused images in dreams, but it is only the fa?ade behind which we look for, the lhat is tentntial is the latentent font. Meanwhile C. G. Jung thought that the dream acts to regulate the balance of our psyche, so it did not conceal anything but reveals the causes of inner disharmony and indicates the potential for life. The differences of that two great scholars derived from their concepts of the unconscious. S. Freud thought it is repression, for C. G. Jung it was the compensation. We want to study the function of compensation of dream which represents some cases of analysis. With them we can recognize that the dream makes us know our blind spots thanks to compensation: if an individual is eager to adapt the present circumstances of life by using his/her thinking function and if it causes disharmony in his/her psyche, the dream shows the importance of the function of the opposite feeling, and so on. So C. G. Jung insisted that the aim of dream seems to be an optimum of life for human being, because there are an inner guidings and regulating factors in our psyche which is the Self. C. G. Jung said that the great religions were the world`s great psychotherapeutic symbol systems, but there are many who are suffering from their inner problems and refuse to consult clergyman. And they go to the secular psychotherapists although the cura animarum (care of souls) was the basic task of the church. So C. G. Jung insisted on the importance of a full cooperation between the clergyman and the psychotherapist for the cura animarum.


The influence of culture has been recognized by the researchers and experts of nearly every field in the present times. The present study is an attempt to study the cultural differences in the employing defense mechanisms. For the purpose, an exploratory research was conducted with purposive sampling of tribal and non tribal individuals. A sample of 24(12 tribals & 12 non tribals) was taken by employing Rorschach inkblot test (RIBT). The Rorschach defense mechanism scales were employed on the responses of the RIBT. It was revealed that there were differences in the defense mechanisms employed by the tribals and non tribals.


This paper presents a high-resolution model of domestic electricity use, based on Fuzzy Logic Inference System (FIS). The model is built with a "bottom-up" approach and the basic block is the single appliance. Using as inputs patterns of active occupancy (i.e. when people are at home and awake) and typical domestic habits (i.e. start frequency of some appliances), the FIS model give as output the starting probability of each appliance. A post processor enable the appliances start in order to create a one-min resolution electricity demand data. In order to validate the model, electricity demand was recorded over the period of one year within 12 dwellings in the central east coast of Italy. A thorough quantitative comparison is made between the synthetic and measured data sets, showing them to have similar statistical characteristics.


As an educational institution, other than Gunadarma University also organized a lecture held at the training activities Computerization Development Institute (LePKom). The purpose of this paper is to complement the LePKom system by building applications on mobile devices in the form of mobile telecommunications as one of the alternative media by using technologies Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME), Servlet and MySQL through the prototype system development methodologies. So that the phone can be an alternative media in the submission process and schedule for implementation of materials, approval of proposed schedule, and view scheduled penginputan officers assigned courses and workshops as well as one of the alternative media to obtain information and the implementation of courses and conduct workshops on the registration process LePKom Gunadarma University


For over a century, investigation of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the spiral-shaped bacterium that causes syphilis, was hindered by an inability to culture the organism in vitro. Recently, we reported long-term cultivation of this enigmatic organism using modifications of previously described mammalian cell co-culture. In vitro cultures of T. pallidum have now been maintained continuously for over 500 days, with full retention of multiplication rate, motility, structural integrity, and infectivity in a rabbit model. Genome sequencing of long-term in vitro cultured T. pallidum has revealed remarkable genetic stability, in that organisms from long-term in vitro culture had identical genome sequences and the same intrastrain heterogeneity observed in the original organisms used for inoculation. We have verified that replacement of Eagle's MEM with CMRL 1066 as the basal medium was key to achieving long-term growth. Surprisingly, the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) was not required for long-term multiplication in the tissue culture system. We have also examined the effects of the scale of culture, medium composition, and axenic vs. mammalian cell co-culture. Finally, we have utilized limiting dilution to generate clonal isolates of T. pallidum, an important first step in developing a system to genetically manipulate the bacterium. Further development of the T. pallidum in vitro culture system is likely to have far-reaching effects on many aspects of T. pallidum research, including studies of physiology, structure, genetics, gene regulation, antimicrobial susceptibility, pathogenesis, immune reactivity, and epidemiology. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Increasing numbers of decentralized energy resources with fluctuating behaviour lead to higher prediction errors of the production forecast (quantity and location) and raise the risk of large-scale blackouts. With the concept of modular grids (MGs) a decentralized operation of subgrids is achievable by the use of a power electronic grid interconnector (GIC) [1]. This paper shows a novel approach for an islanded operation of MGs to supply customers with energy during large-scale blackouts of the upstream grid. To investigate the proposed concept, controllable actors, the GIC and the CIGRÉ medium voltage benchmark network [2] are modelled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Achieved results are presented in this paper.


AbstractThe error characterization of soil moisture products, for example, obtained from microwave remote sensing data, is a key requirement for using these products in applications like numerical weather prediction. The error variance and root-mean-square error are among the most popular metrics: they can be estimated consistently for three datasets using triple collocation (TC) without assuming any dataset to be free of errors. This technique can account for additive and multiplicative biases; that is, it assumes that the three products are linearly related. However, its susceptibility to nonlinear relations (e.g., due to sensor saturation and scale mismatch) has not been addressed. Here, a simulation study investigates the impact of quadratic relations on the TC error estimates [also when the products are first rescaled using the nonlinear cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching technique] and on those by two novel methods. These methods—based on error-in-variables regression and probabilistic ...


PURPOSE
To automate the daily verification of each patient's treatment by utilizing the trajectory log files (TLs) written by the Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator while reducing the number of false positives including jaw and gantry positioning errors, that are displayed in the Treatment History tab of Varian's Chart QA module.

METHODS
Small deviations in treatment parameters are difficult to detect in weekly chart checks, but may be significant in reducing delivery errors, and would be critical if detected daily. Software was developed in house to read TLs. Multiple functions were implemented within the software that allow it to operate via a GUI to analyze TLs, or as a script to run on a regular basis. In order to determine tolerance levels for the scripted analysis, 15,241 TLs from seven TrueBeams were analyzed. The maximum error of each axis for each TL was written to a CSV file and statistically analyzed to determine the tolerance for each axis accessible in the TLs to flag for manual review. The software/scripts developed were tested by varying the tolerance values to ensure veracity. After tolerances were determined, multiple weeks of manual chart checks were performed simultaneously with the automated analysis to ensure validity.

RESULTS
The tolerance values for the major axis were determined to be, 0.025 degrees for the collimator, 1.0 degree for the gantry, 0.002cm for the y-jaws, 0.01cm for the x-jaws, and 0.5MU for the MU. The automated verification of treatment parameters has been in clinical use for 4 months. During that time, no errors in machine delivery of the patient treatments were found.

CONCLUSION
The process detailed here is a viable and effective alternative to manually checking treatment parameters during weekly chart checks.


This paper analyzes and summarizes the currently problems existing in the teaching process of Object Oriented Programming.Some effective suggestions and detail measures are proposed in this paper to the course reform,including the setting curriculum,choosing textbook,teaching method,setting experiments,testing method and so on,in order to improve the learning interesting and initiative of students,to develop the capability of practice, application and innovation after finishing the study of this course and mastering the thoughts of object-oriented programming completely.


Humanization of the criminal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, started by the President of the country in the Message dated January 29, 2010, attracts the attention of many researchers, both in Kazakhstan and in the world. However, the issue of what impact this humanization has on the recorded criminality in the country is answered by researchers ambiguously. A part of society also believes that humanization allows avoiding fair punishment for many criminals. The aim of the work is to summarize the results of the humanization of the criminal policy, to develop certain recommendations on the improvement of the criminal legislation of Kazakhstan taking into account world trends and the provisions in the international criminal law. The influence of international legislation on the formation of national criminal law is analyzed. Under the influence of global trends, there has been significant humanization of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A significant reduction in the number of persons serving a criminal sentence of imprisonment is mentioned by the author as one of the main achievements of the process of humanization. The author sees the further development of the process of humanization in a new approach to the execution of punishment in the form of community service. The international experience of implementing the principle of publicity for a number of criminal penalties, its conformity with the historical traditions of the Kazakh society are recognized as positive; this experience is recommended to be used and fixed in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author believes in the need to widely involve public organizations, including religious ones, in their influence on people convicted for public works.


By array‐comparative genomic hybridization, we demonstrated cyclin E as one of seven genes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in Ku70 DNA repair‐deficient mice. We therefore explored the hypothesis that during hepatocarcinogenesis, cyclin E kinase can overcome the inhibitory effects of p53 and establish whether abnormal miRNA(mi‐R)‐34, a co‐regulator of cyclin E and p53, can account for their interactions as "drivers" of HCC.


community doctor is serves in the basic unit certain region, carried on the disease to in its zone crowd the first aid, the diagnosis, the treatment, the prevention and the health care medical personnel, the article elaborated the community doctor's commonly used exchange method, has analyzed community doctor and the special patient's exchange skill with emphasis.


Objective In order to study the clinical significance of serum prealbumin (PAB) a1-acid glycoprotein(AAG),complements C3 and C4 in diagnosis of liver diseases. Method Nephelometry was employed to measure the levels of serum PAB,AAG,C3 and C4 in patients with various liver diseases and that was compared with control group. Results The level of serum PAB declined in different degree in patients with various liver diseases. The level of serum AAG in patients with acute hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma increased obviously. In patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and severe viral hepatitis ,AAG declined dramatically. The levels of serum C3 and C4 went up obviously in patients with acute hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma ,and declined in patients with other liver diseases. Conclusion United-tests of serum PAB, AAG, C3 and C4 have important value in diagnosis of liver diseases.


The News Thrown to the wolves for peace By Saba Gul Khattak Pakistan is full of contradictions and betrayals. Often the two go together. This time, the betrayals are at several levels: the…


A fine powder manufacturing system of the bean is provided to prepare soy milk and tofu without the generation of bean-curd dregs by processing specially treated beans to the minute powder and pulverizing the minute powder to the state of water solution to have little fishy smell and strong sweet taste compared with the general beans. A fine powder manufacturing system of the bean includes a crusher(1) so that a stator(11) and rotor(12) are rotated in an opposition direction at the lower part of a hopper(C) supplied with peeled and crushed beans; a first cyclone(2) for collecting coarse powder pulverized from the crusher; a second cyclone(3) for collecting coarse powder pulverized from the first cyclone to re-pulverize it, which is connected with a cyclone type collector(4) and a turbo fan(6) for recycling to the hopper; and a cooling fan(8) to cool the heat generated from the crusher.


The present invention relates to a preferred application of-care (the PoC) system in the field or laboratory testing system (measuring system) and to a test method.


In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) caused widespread clinical disease, triggering limited in‐person gatherings and social‐distancing guidelines to minimize transmission. These regulations led most emergency medicine (EM) residency training programs to rapidly transition to virtual didactics. We sought to evaluate EM resident perceptions of the effects of COVID‐19 on their didactic and clinical education.


Study on the incidence of hydatidosis in food animals meant for human consumption such as buffaloes was done at the time of slaughter by inspecting the carcasses and viscera for the presence of hydatid cysts with particular reference to lungs, liver, spleen etc., Based on the observation, the incidence of hydatid cysts in buffaloes examined was found to be 11.11 percent. With regard to the organ wise involvement, the presence of hydatid cysts was more in lungs, followed by liver and the fertility rate of hydatid cysts was high in lungs.


Structured Quantum Projectiles Hugo Larocque,1 Robert Fickler,1, 2, a) Eliahu Cohen,1, 3 Vincenzo Grillo,4 Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,5 Gerd Leuchs,1, 6, 7 and Ebrahim Karimi1, 6 1)Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton St., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada 2)current address: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 3)Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel 4)CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, Via G Campi 213/a, I-41125 Modena, Italy 5)Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany 6)Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 7)Institut für Optik, Information und Photonik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany


Abstract This study examines individual differences (self-efficacy, marital status) and environmental factors (work stressors, personal and work supports) as predictors of two measures of well-being (trait anxiety and work performance). The data were collected from 56 female clerical workers employed by a large university. Multiple regression analyses showed that individual differences and environmental factors were significant predictors of well-being. For the criterion variable trait anxiety, self-efficacy and perceptions of work stress significantly contributed to the explained variance. However, the relationship between work stress and trait anxiety was greater for single than for married women. Self-efficacy and perceptions of work stress also predicted work performance impairment; that is, women with diminished selfefficacy and high work stress tended to report greater impairment of work performance. These results are discussed in relation to an individual counseling approach to the study and remedi...


In his inaugural address, President George W. Bush proclaimed, "Church and charity, synagogue and mosque, lend our communities their humanity and they will have an honored place in our plans and in our laws." 1 Nine days later, the President signed Executive Order 13,199 establishing a White House "Office of Faith-Based and Community Ini tiatives" to "help the Federal Government coordinate a national effort to expand opportunities for faith-based and other community organiza tions."2 Executive Order 13,198, signed at the same ceremony, estab lished a "Center for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives" in the Departments of Justice, Education, Labor, Health and Human Services, and Housing and Urban Development. 3 The stated goal is to "eliminate regulatory, contracting, and other programmatic obstacles to the partici pation of faith-based and other community organizations in the provision of social services."4 Based on these executive orders, it appears President Bush intends to follow through on his campaign pledge to make faith-based organiza tions (FBOs) an integral provider of government-funded social services. Confronted with this new reality, what kinds of obstacles are likely to be encountered? To begin with, how will the public respond to an overtly religious social service provider? In a recent work titled The Diminishing Divide: Religion's Changing Role in American Politics, Andrew Kohut and his co-authors show that Americans, since the 1960s, have become more tol-


By the grasp acting in the line of the edges of the spin network, eigenvalues of area is obtained in loop quantum gravity. This method used antisymmetrizing the action of grasp and binor calculation can give an usual spectrum of area and a complete spectrum of it, and the method doesn't need graphic calculation of recouping theory.


political philosophy is operating with co-operation between absolute monarchy and elected peoples committees. His Majesty, King Birendra is the supreme ruler of Nepal. His government headed by a Council of Ministers, branches out into numerous ministeries, throughout the country. It joins forces with similar structures of elected committees (Panchayats) on the local district zonal and national levels to carry out its work. Elections are arranged by commission and all persons of twenty-one years and over are eligible to vote. There are no political parties in Nepal and the government uses very little legislation to achieve its objectives. Legislation would do very little to solve the basic needs and problems of the people. Monarchy and Panchayal democracy is said to be the most suited form of government for the people and conditions of Nepal. Nepal has an area of 54,700 sq. miles being 500 miles long (889 km) and 120 miles wide ( 192 km). With the plains being at an altitude of 600 ft (185 m), Kathmandu he capital city situated at 4,500 ft (1,400 m) and the northern Himals for Mt Everest up to 29,028 ft (8,848 m), it is obvious why Nepal is referred to as the top of the world. The density of the population on cultivated land especially in the mountains and hills is one of the highest in the world. In this small mountainous country lives a population of about 15.4 million people, half of which is under the age of 21 years.


The present invention has an appropriate viscosity range to provide a paste manufactured easily kneaded and silver is suppressed and a manufacturing method of the sheet produced. In the present invention, the paste using a self-revolving mixer 420G centrifugal force of at least a silver powder, terpineol and kneading the resin, the volume-based particle size distribution in the region of 0.3μm, peak or shoulder in the P1 ~ 14.0μm peak or shoulder in relation P2 is: P1> P2, P1 in the range of 2.0μm ~ 5.0μm, P2 in the range of 0.5μm ~ 3.0μm.


In three experiments, Dering et al. (2011) measured the amplitude and latency of the mean P1 and N170 in response to faces, cars, and butterflies, cropped or morphed. The N170 was sensitive to cropping but did not differentiate frontal views of faces and cars. Throughout, P1 amplitude was larger for faces than objects. The authors concluded that P1, not N170, is a reliable face-sensitive event.

Although Dering et al. (2011) and Thierry et al. (2007) correctly identified problems with P1 and N170 ERP interpretations, these same problems are evident in their own research, and, consequently, their results are equally inconclusive. We identify four shortcomings in Dering et al.'s approach that also apply to the literature they contest (e.g., Eimer, 1998; Allison et al., 1999; Carmel and Bentin, 2002; Itier and Taylor, 2004; Rousselet et al., 2004; Rossion and Jacques, 2008): categorical design, uncontrolled task demands, group statistics, and peak measurements. ERPs are worthwhile measurements of visual processing, but only when the shortcomings reviewed below are addressed.


A Prospective Multicenter Open-label Study to Assess Effect of Remogliflozin on Glycemic Variability Compared to Dapagliflozin Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (REMIT - GV study)


Cycloidal spin orders are common in multiferroics. One of the prototypical examples is BiFeO3 (BFO) which shows a large polarization and a cycloidal antiferromagnetic order at room temperature. Here we employ Landau theory and phase-field simulations to analyze the coupled switching dynamics of polarization and cycloidal antiferromagnetic orders in BFO. We are able to identify 14 types of transitional spin structures between two cycloids and 9 electric-field-induced spin switching paths. We demonstrate the electric-field-induced rotation of wave vectors of the cycloidal spins and discover 2 types of cycloidal spin switching dynamics: fast local spin flips and slow rotation of wave vectors. Also, we construct road maps to achieve the switching between any two spin cycloids through multi-step applications of electric fields. The work provides a theoretical framework for the phenomenological description of spin cycloids and a fundamental understanding of the switching mechanisms to achieve electrical control of magnetic orders.


Reading interest can be seen from the level of wearability of the collection. For this reason, it is necessary toresearch how frequency the library collections use. The purpose of this study is to find out the student's readinginterest in novel books related to the use of novel collections at the Library Unit of IPDN NTB Campus, fromJuly 2019 to December 2020. In this study, the researcher used a descriptive method, namely by describingaccurate data regarding the facts, the nature of the relationship between the phenomena under study. The resultsof this study indicate that the number of novel collections are 61 titles with 326 copies. The number of usabilityof the novel collections in the IPDN Library of the NTB Campus from July to December 2019 reached 384 books(117.79%). While the usability of the novel collection from January to December 2020 are 97 books (29.75%).There was a decrease in the usability of novel books reaching 287 books (88.04%). Minister of Home AffairsRegulation number 21 of 2020 concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) triggered a drastic decreasein the use of novel book collections at the IPDN Library, NTB Campus.


The species generally known as Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees, e.g., in Flora of North America (Freckman & Lelong, 2003) - and named elsewhere in this issue (Zuloaga & al., 2010: 1535-1546) as Sorengia longifolia subsp. rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) Zuloaga & Morrone - was treated as Panicum agrostoides Spreng. (1815: 4) until Voss (1966: 443) noted that P. agrostoides Spreng. was a superfluous and illegitimate name because, in the original publication, P. agrostidiforme Lam. (Lamarck, 1791: 172) was included in synonymy. The implications of this for the application of names of subdivisions of Panicum, the epithets of which are derived from the species epithet agrostoides, does not seem hitherto to have been appreciated. The first such name to be published was Panicum [un-ranked] Agrostoidea Nash (in Small, 1903: 85, 86), distinguished as group of species number VII. As would be expected, Nash included P. agrostoides in this group, but attributed the name, not to Sprengel, but to "Muhl.".


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for determining a UE communication mode, a base station and UE. The method comprises the steps that the base station receives a communication priority level reported by D2D UE; the communication priority level is compared with a preset priority threshold value; when the communication priority level is higher than the priority threshold value, a specific communication mode is selected for the D2D UE, and when the communication priority level is not higher than the priority threshold value, a cellular communication mode or a multiplex communication mode is selected for the D2D UE. By the adoption of the method for determining the UE communication mode, the base station and the UE, the base station does not need to carry out a great amount of data rate calculation, the communication mode is rapidly selected for the D2D UE according to the priority level reported by the D2D UE, and therefore the burden of the base station is eased; especially for the D2D UE having emergency communication demands, the specific communication mode can be selected for the D2D UE according to the higher priority level reported by the D2D UE, and therefore the communication quality of the D2D UE is guaranteed.


Currently, up to 65 million Africans have chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, with the majority acquiring it in the first 5 years of life and living in Nigeria. Lamivudine is generally accepted for use as the first-line treatment of CHB in children under the age of 12 years. However, the drug has a low genetic barrier to resistance. Lamivudine-resistant CHB is a serious challenge in resource-limited settings. This case report is intended to study a probable lamivudine-resistant CHB in two siblings aged 9 and 11 years and to highlight the challenges of managing CHB in children from resource-limited settings. There is a need to develop national guidelines for the management of CHB in children. Other suitable antiviral agents should be subsidized, so that they could be used to salvage lamivudine-resistant cases.


One of the major problems in Indonesia is inadequate number of workers with the number of job positions available. Hence, it is better for people with productive age, especially the one that is educated, to have an orientation or intention to create job, rather than being a job seeker. Entrepreneurship education is considerably believed to be a prominent element in forming one's entrepreneurial intention. Nevertheless, many studies show few consistent results on the direct impact of entrepreneurship education on individual's entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education toward entrepreneurial intention with Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) approach as a mediator. This theory clarified that there are three primary forces that influence an individual's intentions, which are attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. The approach to this research is quantitative method, where the data collected will be     analysed statistically using PLS-SEM. The researcher selected the population of 992 business management students at Universitas Ciputra Surabaya, who are registered in the academic year of 2017 and 2018. By using purposive sampling method, the total samples that successfully collected are 305 samples. The result of this study concludes that the direct relationship between entrepreneurship education to entrepreneurial intention shows no significant effect. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship education can significantly influence entrepreneurial intention if it is fully mediated by attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control.
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A distinct change in the ocean circulation of the Gulf of Alaska after the 1976-77 climate shift is studied in an eddy-permitting primitive equation model forced by observed windstresses from 1951-1999. After the Aleutian Low strengthens, mean velocities of the Alaskan Stream increase northeast of Kodiak Island and decrease southwest of it. Mesoscale eddy variance likewise increases to the northeast of Kodiak and weakens to the southwest. Mean and eddy flows in the eastern Gulf remain unchanged after the shift. Since mesoscale eddies provide a possible mechanism for transporting nutrient-rich open-ocean waters to the productive shelf region, the flow of energy through the food web may have been altered by this physical oceanographic change. This mechanism may explain the changes in forage fish quality in diet diversity of Steller sea lions whose populations have declined precipitously since the mid-1970's in the western Gulf while remaining stable in the eastern Gulf.


- gastroplasty Ring variable hardness elastomeric material. - The invention relates to a gastric band (1) formed by a flexible band intended to be closed by closing means around the stomach of a patient, said band comprising an annular compression chamber (7) connected by a catheter (9) to a device for adjusting the diameter of said chamber by injecting or withdrawing fluid, said chamber comprising a dorsal reinforcement (12) extended by lateral walls (13), characterized in that: - the dorsal reinforcement (12 ) is formed from a first elastomeric material of Shore a hardness, predetermined d1, - the side walls (13) are made from a second elastomer material of the same nature as the first material but with a Shore hardness a predetermined d2 such that d2


This paper describes a novel multi-point fiber optic microsensor (optrode) based on dynamic luminescence quenching that is being developed for measuring oxygen leak detection for space applications. The sensor optrodes employ the quenching by oxygen of the fluorescence from a ruthenium complex. These optrodes were fabricated using Ruthenium-based fluorescent indicator immobilized in a porous glass rod placed at the end of multimode fiber. The light from a blue LED is launched into the optrode via a fiber optic bundle and used as the excitation source. The optrode's fluorescent emission intensity in the range of 0% to 10% oxygen is measured as a function of time. The measuring system is based on high reliability and low cost. The system consists of four units: 1) temperature compensated oxygen optrodes combined with a optical setup, 2) multipoint sensor communication fiber optic network cable, 3) digital/analogue optoelectronic signal processing unit with built-in micro controller for control of data acquisition and processing, and 4) a laptop computer for data display and storage. In testing, the sensor exhibited excellent response time and reversibility.


Methyl methacrylate(MMA)-ethyl acrylate(EA)-dimethylamineethyl methacrylate(DM) terpolymer emulsion was prepared by emulsion polymerization using a redox initiation system of (NH 4) 2S 2O 8 and Na 2SO 3,at 45~65 ℃ for 6~8 h.On comparing the two polymerization methods,the stability of the latex prepared by seed-free semicontinuous emulsion polymerization is better than that of the latex prepared by seed emulsion polymerization.The average particle size was approximately 100 nm.The intrinsic viscosity was 412 ml/g. The product's pH value fell within the range of 8 to 9.The purified polymer was characterized by IR, 1H NMR,and was found to be a terpolymer with a composition of 1∶1∶0 75(mole),with a small amount (about 3 6%(mol))of DM(or rich DM) copolymer.The nucleation mechanism of the emulsion polymerization system is micellar nucleation and homogeneous nucleation mechanism. TEM photographic studies showed that the latex particles were formed mainly by homogeneous nucleation due to the water solubility of DM monomer.


Vincenzio Viviani (1622–1703), mathematician and philosopher to the Grand Ducal Court in Tuscany, met Robert Southwell (1635–1702), Anglo-Irish gentleman with political aspirations and an interest in natural philosophy, in Florence in the winter of 1660. They became friends on the basis of their shared interests in mathematics and experiments. Their correspondence over almost forty years reveals that their friendship proved mutually beneficial: Southwell publicized Viviani's work in England and Viviani urged his employers to recommend Southwell to King Charles II. In the early 1660s, they also hoped that their friendship would extend itself into collaboration between the Royal Society of London and the Accademia del Cimento in Florence.


Nepal, one of the least developed countries with population of 26.6 million people is the most populated country without a regulatory body [1]. Newer modalities and latest radiological equipment are being introduced, but lack of control and inventory system is a serious problem. The aim of this study was to start inventory of radiation emanating equipment used in medical field and also to find out radiation safety issues and challenges. This study was done for first the time in Nepal to start inventory system. Questionnaire was designed to find out actual number of equipment among with the date of installation, source number, number of staff and their qualifications. Questionnaire was also designed to find out radiation safety issues like personnel radiation dose monitoring, commissioning and quality control tests. Altogether, 296 institutions in Kathmandu were inspected. Inventory was made for diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy and dental X-rays. Commissioning and quality control program have not been practiced in most hospitals, and few only have a maintenance contract with vendor. Sixty percent of workers have never been monitored for radiation exposure. There is an urgent need to establish regulatory authority to regulate radiation used in medicine.


Understanding the magnitude and distribution of ground movements associated with deep shaft construction is a key factor in designing efficient damage prevention/mitigation measures. Therefore, a large-scale monitoring scheme was implemented at Thames Water's 68 m deep Abbey Mills Shaft F in East London, UK, constructed as part of the Lee Tunnel Project. The scheme comprised inclinometers and extensometers which were installed in the diaphragm walls and in boreholes around the shaft to measure deflections and ground movements. However, interpreting the measurements from inclinometers can be a challenging task, as it is often not feasible to extend the boreholes into ground unaffected by movements. The paper describes in detail how the data are corrected. The corrected data showed very small wall deflections of less than 4 mm at the final shaft excavation depth. Similarly, very small ground movements were measured around the shaft. Empirical ground settlement prediction methods derived from different shaft...


An innovative extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm for pose tracking has been proposed in this paper. It has the advantages of both structure and motion-based (SAM-based) and traditional model-based pose estimation algorithms. With no prior information about the scene, the pose sequence can be computed directly from images while the updating of the 3-D structure is not necessary. To achieve the goal, a constant velocity motion model is used as the dynamic system and the trifocal tensor point transfer function is applied to the measurement model of the filter. The resulting algorithm is stable, accurate and efficient. An empirical comparison with existing EKFs which deal with the same problem has been made and shows that our approach outperformed the others. The proposed method has been tested with various video sequences to demonstrate its performance in real situations.


Within companies, IT departments take different positions and values. From cost center, service center through profit center to even strategic investment center in order to implement the corporate strategy. In the context of the operational framework of the IT area are also the services of IT projects. These can be evaluated by means of economic efficiency and cost control and canbeused on the basis of businesscases towards decisions of project implementation. The further control and maintenance of the business cases allows during the project to evaluate, not only the project cost but alsothe beneficial perspective. To follow the IT projects, in which an economical benefit has been indicated also in other business departments, it is possible to have these benefits incorporated into the relevant department budgets in terms of new targets and budget adjustments. Using the approach of "7 Steps to evaluate the benefits realized" a procedure is illustrated through which thevalue created of an ITprojectimpact on the company can be realized for example in terms of reduced costs.


Abstract Seven milk-pricing models were quantitatively analyzed for pricing efficiency using a tri-component, academic model as the optimum standard for explanatory ability. The standard optimum model was used as a reference for evaluating six milk-pricing systems. The component values selected as pricing indices for all models were derived from retail market values on butter, cheese, and edible whey powder. The ratios of the retail values, after considering manufacturing and marketing costs, were used to establish the value of like components in producer's milk. The value of our average milk was arbitrarily set at $4.20 per hundredweight. The pricing plans evaluated were: fat protein plan, fat (solids-not-fat) plan, fat-hundredweight, fat only, total solids, and a flat payment for gallonage. Correlations of determinations (r 2 values) and tolerance limits were placed on each model. The r 2 values were:%Tri-component100.00Fat-protein99.93Fat-(solids-not-fat)86.90Fat-hundredweight78.63Fat only78.64Total solids40.20Gallons34.60 The fat-protein model was superior to other tested pricing systems in its explanatory ability. The fat-protein plan has a further advantage of internal plant monitoring of the variables used as milk value indices.


Biology and mass multiplication technique of Eumicrosoma sp. on eggs of sugarcane black bug, Dimorphopterus gibbus (Fabricius) were developed. The mean percent parasitisation of host eggs, developmental period, and adult emergence of the parasitoid were 41.33 to 61.05 percent, 8.65 to 10.26 days, and 75.0 to 90.0 per cent, respectively. The parasitoid preferred to parasitise freshly laid to two day old eggs. Longevity of adult wasps was 2.15 to 2.99 days. One mated female parasitised on an average 15:67 eggs. Sex ratio (male to female) was 1: 1 to 1: 1.1. Only one wasp emerged from one parasltiscd egg thus it indicates no super parasitism in this parasitoid.


New and remarkable records of bryophytes from Venezuela, Brazil, Costa Rica and Ecuador are reported . Diphyscium chiapense and Hedwigia ciliata var. leucophaea are new to South America. New to Venezuela are Grimmia reflexidens, Metzgeria claviflora, Pilopogon peruvianus and Racomitrium subsecundum ; Grimmia navicularis and G. trichophylla are firstly reported for Brazil; Aphanolejeunea microscopica var . africana, A. minuta, A. sintenisii, Cololejeunea bischleriana, Metalejeunea cucullata, and Hyophila nymaniana represent new records for Costa Rica, and new to Ecuador are Diphyscium longifolium, Erpodium beccarii, Macrocolura sagittistipula, and (for continental Ecuador) Marchantia berteroana . Further new records to the states of that countries and rarely collected species are listed. All specimens are deposited in the private herbaria of the authors, duplicates in different herbaria as indicated.


We present Suzaku off-center observations of two poor galaxy groups, NGC 3402 and NGC 5129, with temperatures below 1 keV. Through spectral decomposition, we measured their surface brightnesses and temperatures out to 530 and 1430 times the critical density of the universe for NGC 3402 and NGC 5129, respectively. These quantities are consistent with extrapolations from existing inner measurements of the two groups. With the refined bolometric X-ray luminosities, both groups prefer LX–T relations without a break in the group regime. Furthermore, we have determined the electron number densities and hydrostatic masses at these radii. We found that the surface brightness and electron number density profiles require two β model components, as well as the indication that a third β model may be needed for NGC 3402. Adding the gas mass measured from the X-ray data and stellar mass from group galaxy members, we computed baryon fractions of fb =0.0693 ± 0.0068 and fb = 0.095 ± 0.014 for NGC 3402 and NGC 5129, respectively. Combining other poor groups with well-measured X-ray emission to the outskirts, we found an average baryon fraction extrapolated to r500 of = 0.0912 ± 0.0050 for X-ray-bright groups with temperatures between 0.8 and 1.3 keV, extending existing constraints to lower-mass systems and indicating that significant baryon losses exist below approximately r500.


Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to be elevated in patients (pts) with AS and correlates with disease activity.1 Case reports concerning the use of TCZ in pts with AS have been published.2-5 The efficacy and safety of TCZ, an inhibitor of IL-6 receptor signalling, as a treatment for AS have not been evaluated in a placebo-controlled trial. Objectives To examine the efficacy and safety of TCZ for the treatment of AS. Methods Study Design: Phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 12-week (wk) duration. Patients: Definite diagnoses of AS by the modified New York criteria and Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score ≥4.0; adults who were NSAID inadequate responders (IR) and anti-TNF naive. Study Drugs: TCZ 8 mg/kg or placebo (PBO) IV every 4 wks. Primary Endpoints: 20% improvement in assessment of AS (ASAS20) response and safety at wk 12. Results Of 102 pts enrolled, 99 (48 TCZ, 51 PBO) completed 12 wks. Pt demographics and disease status were in keeping with the target population (Table). The proportion of pts achieving ASAS20 and ASAS40 at wk 12 was not significantly different for TCZ vs PBO (37% vs 28%, p=0.2823; 12% vs 20%, p=0.2694) (Table). No differences between TCZ and PBO were observed for (1) higher percentage ASAS responses, (2) change in individual ASAS components, (3) BASDAI endpoints. These findings were independent of baseline CRP level. There was a reduction in CRP and in AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS)–CRP with TCZ but not PBO (difference in median CRP change between arms, –1.2 mg/dl, p<0.0001; difference in mean ASDAS-CRP change between arms, –0.9, p<0.0001). Rates/100 patient-years of adverse events (AEs) for TCZ and PBO were 262.4 and 226.9; rates of serious AEs were 17.5 and 0. No AEs led to withdrawal during this 12-wk study. TCZ 8 mg/kg (N=51) PBO (N=51) Demographics, n (%)  Age, mean (range) 41.6 (23-69) y 42.7 (19-84) y  Sex M 36 (71)/F 15 (29) M 40 (78)/F 11 (22)  HLA-B27 status Positive 43 (84.3) Positive 45 (88.2) Negative 8 (15.7) Negative 6 (11.8)  Disease duration ≤10 y 39 (76.5) ≤10 y 34 (66.7) >10 y 12 (23.5) >10 y 17 (33.3)  Baseline BASDAI, mean (range) 6.62 (2.9-9.5) 6.77 (4.2-9.7) Efficacy Endpoint, n (%)  ASAS20 19 (37.3) 14 (27.5)  ASAS20 (baseline CRP <3× ULN) 6 (23.1) 6 (27.3)  ASAS20 (baseline CRP ≥3× ULN) 13 (52.0) (27.6)  ASAS40 6 (11.8) 10 (19.6)  BASDAI (<4) 1 (2.0) 0 (0.0)  BASDAI50 3 (5.9) 5 (9.8)  ASDAS-CRP (mean change) –1.40 –0.44 Conclusions The study failed to demonstrate the efficacy of TCZ over placebo for the treatment of symptoms of AS, irrespective of baseline CRP level. CRP levels declined with TCZ, suggesting adequate IL-6R blockade. The change in ASDAS-CRP was driven by the decrease in CRP. The safety profile of TCZ in this study was consistent with that seen in RA pts. References Gratacόs J et al. Br J Rheumatol 1994;33:927-31. Brulhart L et al. Joint Bone Spine 2010;77;625-6. Henes JC et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:2217-8. Shima Y et al. Mod Rheumatol 2011;21:436-9. Cohen JD et al. J Rheumatol 2011;38:1527. Disclosure of Interest J. Sieper Grant/Research support from: Abbott, Merck, Pfizer, Consultant for: Abbott, Merck, Pfizer, UCB, Roche, Sanofi, Speakers Bureau: Abbott, Merck, Pfizer, B. Porter-Brown Shareholder of: Roche, Employee of: Roche, L. Thompson Shareholder of: Roche, Employee of: Roche, O. Harari Employee of: Roche, M. Dougados Grant/Research support from: Roche, Consultant for: Roche, Speakers Bureau: Roche


A process for the operation of a boiler plant in which deposits are removed at intervals from the heat exchanger surfaces (2, 3) of the boiler (1) by soot blowers (4) which can be activated individually or in groups. A cleaning operation is repeated at intervals in which the heat exchanger surfaces (2, 3) are not cleaned to the maximum possible extent but to a lesser degree, with residual deposits left on at least some parts of the heat exchanger surfaces (2, 3) to be cleaned. The cycle of cleaning operations involves the use of a pressure (p) below the maximum pressure (pmax) required for complete cleaning and/or a velocity (v) above the minimum velocity (vmin) required for complete cleaning and/or a repeat frequency (n) below the maximum repeat frequency (nmax).


Having recently had an opportunity of accompanying an exploring party to the north of Lake Superior, I take this occasion to give a brief geological account of the mining-districts of Thunder Bay and Shabendowan, both of which are likely to become ultimately of great importance. Though as yet very imperfectly explored, and still more imperfectly opened up and developed, the entire north shore of Lake Superior has already been shown to be intersected by numerous metalliferous veins, and promises to equal in richness the most celebrated mining-regions of the North American continent. At present, however, I shall confine my attention to the silver-bearing district of Thunder Bay, and the auriferous region which surrounds Lake Shabendowan. Thunder Bay, Black Bay, and Neepigon Bay are three remarkable bays on the north shore of Lake Superior, almost shut off from the main lake by islands, and assuming more or less the character of independent lakes. The first of these is the most westerly, and is a beautiful sheet of water, about 28 miles in length and 12 miles across. On its northern shore are situated the settlements of Fort William and Prince Arthur's Landing, the ibrmer a Hudson's Bay port of comparative antiquity, the latter a newly established town, destined to be the centre of the silver-mining district. The chief river flowing into Thunder Bay is the Kaministiquia, a large and important stream, which drains a series of lakes lying to the north of Lake Superior, and which debouches into the latter at


Objective To test the association between mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) point mutations and praecox Parkinson's disease (PPD),and to investigate the characteristics of mtDNA mutations in Chinese patients with PPD. Methods Screening mtDNA A4336C, G5460A,A10398G,A13780G point mutations in 40 patients with PPD and 48 in control group was carried out by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), dot blotting, radiant developing. And sequencing was given to the nucleotide position (np)10256~np10577mtDNA of 20 patients with PPD and 20 subjects in control group.Results Out of the 40 patients with PPD, 20 (50%)had A10398G mutation. 6 (15%) had G5460A, 5(12.5%) had A13780G, 2 (5%)had A4336C, 19 (47.5%)had C10400T mutation. Out of the 48 controls, 7(14.6%) had A10398G, 24.2% had G5460A, 1 (2.1%)had A13780G and 20 (41.7%)had C10400T, but no any A4336C mutation was found in the controls. Thus, the ratios of A10398G,G5460A,A4336C,A13780G in patients with PPD were separately higher than those in the control group. Moreover significant difference was found in A10398G point mutation (P0.01) . No significant differences were found in the other 3 point mutations; and a new synonymous mutation--C10400T was found in the study,showing that the np10400C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of mtDNA could be found in Chinese.Conclusions Our results suggest there exists association between mtDNA missense mutations and PPD: the A10398G missense mutation might possibly be one of the contributing factors leading to PPD. The high ratios of A10398G in PPD and the np10400C/T SNP should be two characteristics of Chinese mtDNA.


My purpose in this communication is to indicate the increased survival time of patients with Addison's disease 1 kept continuously under the influence of the Swingle and Pfiffner extract of adrenal cortex and on a high salt intake. It also demonstrates the splendid nature of the clinical results, the infrequency of crises and the high degree of rehabilitation in such patients under these conditions. This report deals with the only series of patients who have had the advantage of continuous treatment through months and years with a research preparation of adrenal cortex prepared in Professor Swingle's laboratory at Princeton University. All of the six patients so treated are living; all are in unusually good health and carrying on their jobs, even after the passage of a number of years. The average survival in these cases is almost seven years and the average time under treatment is nearly five years. Guttman


This paper presents some of the initial results of a study underway to monitor the impact of an electronic toll ring introduced in October 1991 in Trondheim, Norway. This is followed by a description of the scheme and technology involved in the toll ring. Next is an aggregate analysis of the patterns of acquisition and the use of the automatic debiting system during the first year of operation of the toll ring. Additionally, a summary of the findings of a more detailed study into the factors affecting travelers' choice of payment options is presented. The paper concludes with an analysis of the Trondheim experience to date.


twenty-four different American Jews who survived the Holocaust as children, bringing their stories, quite literally, Out of Chaos and into print. But, beyond offering a fine teaching tool for Holocaust or Life-Writing classes, the anthology challenges us to think about the conditions of memory for American Jewish Holocaust survivors in the twenty-first century. On the back cover, historian Peter Hayes hails this book as "an awakener of empathy." Does this mean that our capacity to empathize in general—or with American Jewish Holocaust survivors in particular—may have gone to sleep? Possibly. Books like Peter Novick's The Holocaust in American Life or Gary Weissman's Fantasies of Witnessing have offered academics a thick vocabulary for criticizing North American Holocaust commemoration practices, educational efforts, and popular culture.1 Scholarship has become so alert to all forms of sentimentality, hyperbole, or political manipulation that there remains little terrain for remembering well—whatever that might mean. As Caroline Dean puts it, "[I]n this rhetorical context it is impossible to imagine any means of claiming to have been or to be a victim other than by having already resolved one's relationship to that experience."2 Those American survivors who wish to tell their stories in the second decade of the twenty-first century thus face a distinct challenge: How to make room for one's memory in a world that is convinced it has already remembered you—or, leaving aside any concern for public recognition, how to think about one's suffering as a child in an environment saturated with mnemonic noise.3 h an n ah po lin -G alay Unersity of M assaUsetts, aM hrst out of chaoS: hidden children rememBer the holocauSt


Taking vanadium-rich liquor produced by water leaching of stone-coal and ion exchange process as an object of the study,an experimental research on preparation of high-purity V2O5 from vanadium-rich liquor is carried out.The contents of vanadium and impurities in the liquor are analyzed,and the effects of some factors,such as pH,temperature,time,the type of ammonium salts and ammonium coefficient on preparation of high-purity V2O5 are examined.The experimental results indicated that under optimal technological conditions,using acidic ammonium salt for precipitating vanadium,the high-purity V2O5 powder can prepared.


This paper assumes the growth of plant individuals in semi-natural grassland, and investigates 3D modeling of the growth with actual insolation data by 3D computer graphics (3DCGs) and its application. At present the 3DCGs for plant individuals are utilized mainly in the landscape simulation field, and it is difficult to apply to academic or scientific fields due to the complexity of the shape of leaves, caules, flowers, and so on. Therefore, plant individuals were experimentally grown in several photoenvironments, and the results were expressed by 3DCGs. In addition, to investigate growth simulations in the semi-natural grassland, growth situations were assumed in which dominant species existed. The experiment was performed by using "Nohara-Azami" (Cirsium oligophyllum). Some pots of the Nohara-Azami were grown in three kinds of cheesecloths that had different shading ratio. In addition, the lengths of the plant individuals and each leaf were measured each month. As a result, growth of the Nohara-Azami in each cheesecloth grew in different behavior. Therefore, 3D modeling for each Nohara-Azami was performed by using 3DCGs, and these 3D models were compared. Conseauently, it is expected that the growth simulations for valuable species can be realized in semi-natural grassland.


Abstract Nowadays, there are various methods of plant biomass assessment available for the purposes of plant growth analysis. Visual plant coverage assessment is often subjective; the other methods are destructive or require purchasing some special devices. This paper presents the assessment of the possibilities and limitations of using digital images made by conventional digital cameras for the purposes of monitoring of the plant canopy development and weed distribution during a vegetation period using the example from the field experiment established on agricultural land in Malanta at the experimental site of the Slovak University of Agriculture. The study is focused on assessment of the effect of biochar application on gas emission, hydrophysical soil properties as well as plant response and yields and it was established in the spring of 2014. Downward images of corn (Zea mays L.) were taken during four sampling campaigns in the vegetation season 2015. Images were analysed by the BreedPix software that could estimate the portion of green fraction (count of green pixels) and thus the image-derived vegetation index (IDVI). According to the image analysis of photos taken during different sampling dates, it could be concluded that biochar addition had a positive effect on the plant growth (above ground biomass) since all treatments resulted in higher IDVIs at the end of the vegetative growth in comparison to control. Further, we assume that the increasing trend in the crop canopy growth was partially limited by competitive presence of weeds at the beginning of the study. According to our experience, we can recommend the software for temporal and spatial monitoring of agricultural crops development. The usage is limited to early growth stages. Moreover, it can be also used for assessment of the weed coverage.


ABSTRACT Ductility in drawn pearlitic steels' wire is dependent on microstructural features, carbon concentration, transformation temperature and strain. An extensive literature review is performed and investigated that there are conflicting results about the effect of interlamellar spacing, pearlite colony size and prior-austenitic grain size on the toughness of these steels. This may be attributed to the differences in compositions, heat treatment, drawing conditions, the methodology applied for measuring microstructural entities and inaccuracy in measurements. Currently, a neural network model is created to correlate the complex relationship between tensile ductility with its influencing parameters in a variety of cold drawn pearlitic steels. The model has been applied to confirm that the calculations are reasonable in the context of metallurgical theories and other data published in the literature.


found to be present in the water supplied to the city of Duluth, Minn. Because of the recognition of disease problems associated with occupational exposure to asbestos, questions were raised as to the health impact of the ingestion of this material in drinking water. To date, there are no satisfactory > answers to these questions. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the state of our knowledge concerning asbestos in drinking water and its potential health effect. Two years prior to the recognition of the Duluth situation, Cunningham and Pontefract1 reported the occurrence of asbestos fibers in water supplies in Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal, and other Canadian cities. These waters were found to have asbestos fiber counts ranging from 2.0 X 10* to 172.7 X 106 fibers per liter. These investigators also reported the presence of similar numbers of asbestos fibers in commercial soft drinks, beer, and wine that originated in various parts of the world. The number of fibers found in the city of Duluth water supply ranged from 1 X 10* to 30 X 10° fibers per liter.2 Similar amounts of asbestos in various water


The purpose of the present paper is to examine the teachers' cognitive structures through moral judgment schemas, as well as whether the above‐mentioned structures diversify among teachers, depending on education level, specialty, age, teaching experience, and gender. Moreover, another aim is to examine whether these cognitive structures can predict students' behaviors. Two hundred and fifty eight in‐service teachers (men, n = 83; women, n = 175; M age = 41.24, SD = 8.06; M experiences = 14.91, SD = 9.46), in elementary (n = 96), and intermediate education level (n = 158), participated in the study. The results revealed that the primary education teachers' moral judgment is based on the moral concepts of the maintaining norms schema, while the one of those of secondary education is rather based on the postconventional schema. Furthermore, the results of the present study revealed that age, experience, and gender do not constitute causes of diversification of moral concepts and that the personal interest schema can forecast any irresponsible behaviors on the part of the students.


The glacial deposits of the eastern Lleyn Peninsula record the advance, coalescence and subsequent retreat and uncoupling of Welsh and Irish Sea ice-sheets during the Late Devensian cold stage. During advance a thick sheet of basal diamict was deposited over much of the area, and during retreat and uncoupling, which occurred after 14.5 ka, the eastern part of the area was dominated by the formation of a large sandur system draining from the retreating margin of the Irish Sea ice-sheet. Subsequent stages of retreat are marked by a series of arcuate cross-valley moraines formed either by ice-contact deposition during stillstand or by structural deformation during minor snout oscillation. In the western part of the area sedimentation was controlled by a series of dead-ice ridges running parallel to the retreating ice-margin and this led to the development of a complex assemblage of localised depositional environments including ice-front alluvial fans, marginal sandur troughs and pro-glacial lake basins, all formed under supraglacial ice-marginal conditions. No evidence of glaciomarine deposition is recorded. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Addresses the evolutionary role that satellite can play for BT in satisfying the growing demand for customer service with and within this fast developing region of the world. BT's solutions are the following: public, on-demand voice and video services provided the the Inmarsat A and C system; Mesh-Sat; Satstream; Satstream extension; satellite data services; and an interactive service called Satstar. >


To know the optical constants, n and k, in transparent conductive zinc oxide (ZnO) films, both spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflectance-transmittance (RT) method have been adopted. The optical constants, n and k deduced from the SE are different from those estimated from the RT method. We will discuss these differences through the deduced physical parameters in magnetron sputtered Ga-doped ZnO films. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


© 2015 IEEE. Reprinted, with Permission, from 14 th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory Abstract—The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) has wide applications in communications and signal processing. It has been shown to provide significant improvement over the conventional Fourier Transform when the signal-of-interest (SOI) or the interference and noise environment is non- stationary, as is often the case. Recently, a Least-Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm was developed for computing the optimum weight vector of the adaptive linear filter applied in the FrFT domain to estimate a SOI from the environment. A computational complexity exists, however, in that typically the FrFT rotational parameter 'a' cannot be mathematically computed a priori, and with the LMS algorithm, there is also a step size µ that must be computed. Finding the optimum rotational parameter and optimum step size could require several iterations to achieve the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) for this adaptive filtering method. Since the rotational parameter cannot in general be calculated mathematically, in this paper we develop a method to determine the optimum step size µopt mathematically, thereby improving practical use of the algorithm. We show that the optimum step size produces the MMSE, as desired, and in fact, the step size itself converges to the MMSE as a function of time. We demonstrate the proposed method by simulation of a BPSK signal in non-stationary noise.


RESUME Introduction: Leber's neuropathy is a rare disease. The ''Leber Plus'' is exceptional, is associated with a severe neurological disorder. This presentation was intended to describe a case of Leber Plus. Methods : A 45-year-old man consulted our department for bilateral blindness since 15 years Results : On both sides there was no light perception, optic atrophy with serious peripapillary vessels sclerosis. There was a flaccid paraplegia. The 11 778 mitochondrial DNA mutation was identified. Conclusion : The prevalence of the Leber's neuropathy is probably underestimated in black Africa because of lack of molecular biology laboratory. Résultas : De deux côtés, il n'y avait la perception de lumière, une atrophie optique avec sclerose vaiseaux papilaires objectivée. Il y avait une paraplégie flastide. La mutation mitochondriale 11778 identifiée. Conclusion : La prevalence de neuropathie Leber probablement africaine laboratoire de biologie moleculaire pour le diagnostic.


Separating signals into components and reducing noise to signal ratio commonly involves the process of pattern recognition. Geochemical determinations of total or bulk concentration of elements in soils, humus, tills and rocks are used commonly in geology for detecting the influences of particular geological processes such as mineralization. Decomposing bulk values into component patterns to reflect specific geological features is often essential for prediction of mineral resources and mineral exploration. A number of parameters have been used in the past for pattern recognition. These include the magnitude of patterns, frequency distributions, geometry and texture. More recently, scaling properties have been recognized and incorporated in the pattern recognition (Cheng, Agterberg and Ballantyne, 1994; Cheng, Xu and Grunsky, 1999; Cheng, 2000; Xu and Cheng, 2001). Scaling refers to the property that change of measuring unit does not alter the function type between measure and measuring unit. The governing function for scaling is the power-law function, μ(ε) ∝ ε, where μ(ε) is a measure performed at scale ε, ∝ stands for "proportional to" and α is the powerlaw exponent. Homogeneity scaling needs only a one-dimensional function with a unique exponent; otherwise, for generalized scale invariance, additional functions are needed to characterize the directional and rotational scaling properties. Physical processes over different scaling ranges result in the mixing of different components. Consequently, multiple scaling properties may be anticipated in modeling such measures. This paper introduces a recently developed method for decomposing geochemical patterns on the basis of scaling breaks detected from the power spectrum field. A case study of airborne gamma ray spectrometer data (uranium/potassium) serves to demonstrate how the method can be used to separate radiometric anomalies from background to reflect late stage igneous activities related to U-SnW mineralization in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada.


Currently, the Sport Education model stands out among the teaching approaches centered on the students and having a higher impact on the Physical Education teachers. The benefits of the hybridization based on self-made materials have not been studied either longitudinally or in Primary Education. The objective was to know and to compare the assessment of teachers and their students regarding the use of two types of materials (conventional and self-made) during two consecutive Sport Education seasons. A total of 51 students enrolled in grades 3 and 4 of Primary Education and their two Physical Education teachers took part in the experience. We used a quasi-experimental simple crossover design with randomized groups and non-probabilistic convenience sampling, in which the two levels of the independent variable (conventional and self-made materials) were applied in the two grade levels participating in the study. Data were collected by means of teacher diaries, group interviews with the students and individual interviews with the teachers, before and after implementation of each of the following didactic units: «ultimate» and «indiacas». Data collection was performed using constant comparisons. The results showed a high level of students' enthusiasm during both didactic units, although the data analyzed indicated a methodological inertia to the self-made material, according to the order type of the used material. Besides, it was found that the self-made material encourages participation in extracurricular physical activities. Further studies are required to analyze physical activity levels in and outside the Physical Education setting as a function of the material used.


The oscillation theory of delay differential equations has been extensively developed during the past several years. We refer to the monographs by Erbe, Kong and Zhang [1], Gopalsamy [2], Gyori and Ladas [3] and the references cited therein. But results dealing with the distribution of zeros of the oscillatory solutions of delay differential equations are relatively scarce. Erbe et al. [3], Liang [4], and Zhou [5] established estimates for the distance between adjacent zeros of the solutions of first order delay differential equations. Recently, Zhou [6, 7, 8] and Wang [8] studied the distribution of zeros of the oscillatory solutions of neutral differential equations. In this paper, we consider first order delay differential equations of the form (1) x'(t)+P(t)x(t-T) = Q, and first order advanced differential equations of the form (2) x'{t)-P(t)x{t + T) = 0, where (3) P6C([io,oo),[0,oo)), r > 0 . By using a new technique, we obtain a better estimate for the distance between adjacent zeros of the solutions of (1) which improve the results in [1, 4, 5]. We also extend this result to (2).


The Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) has been studied in Finland within an area of 50 by 70 km since 1993. We analyse 11-yr time series for aggregate populations in 20 squares of 4 by 4 km. Different aggregate populations exhibit dissimilar long-term trends, including significant increasing and decreasing trends as well as stable population sizes, and their average size is significantly related to the amount of habitat but not of host plants. Precipitation shows spatially correlated variation in the study area, recorded with high-resolution weather radar. Spatial variation in August and June precipitation explains a significant amount of spatial variation in the dynamics of aggregate populations. Many processes operating in local populations have strong effects, but these effects are not consistent in time and space and they often counter each other, making it less likely that one would detect a signal of local processes in large-scale data for aggregate populations.


Physics increasingly uses Bayesian techniques for systematic data analysis and model-to-data comparison. This paper describes how these methods can be implemented to answer questions of relevance to teaching laboratories. It demonstrates the Bayesian approach to statistical modeling and model selection in a step-by-step workflow. The simple pendulum provides a demonstration with the precision commonly seen in the introductory laboratory. This is used to provide realistic, quantitative guidance for model preference between the small angle approximation and more complicated formula. This extends the simple pendulum liter-ature's focus beyond comparing individual idealized assessments of different approximations and provides actionable, data-driven guidance for teaching laboratory design.


Small wars are often mixed civil-international wars characterized by extremes of mutual hatred. Still, the international law of war sets the standards for all armed conflicts. War-decision law regulates recourse to armed force. War-conduct law governs belligerent practice. There are two justifications for recourse to armed force: enforcement action ordered by the U.N. Security Council and individual and collective self-defense. Despite the principle of nonintervention, interventions have been frequent in small wars. The difficulty with applying war-decision law to small wars arises from the fact that such wars are often not conventional wars, making determination of aggression difficult. Application of war-conduct law confronts difficulties with determining belligerent status, dealing with guerrilla and terror tactics, preserving the ban on chemical and biological weapons, and protecting prisoners of war and occupied populations in small wars. The best sanction for the laws of war is self-enforcement by responsible belligerents.


The double quantum well systems consisting of two HgTe layers separated by a tunnel-transparent barrier are expected to manifest a variety of phase states including two-dimensional gapless semimetal and two-dimensional topological insulator. The presence of several subbands in such systems leads to a rich filling factor diagram in the quantum Hall regime. We have performed magnetotransport measurements of the HgTe-based double quantum wells in both gapless and gapped state and observed numerous crossings between the Landau levels belonging to different subbands. We analyze the Landau level crossing patterns and compare them to the results of theoretical calculations.


An investigation of photoconductivity in films of CdZnSe2 prepared by solution growth technique is reported. The measurements were carried out at different temperatures and excitation intensities. Photoconductivity is found to increase exponentially in the temperature range (303–343 K). The value of Iph/Id is found to decrease with an increase in temperature. In order to investigate the nature of decay of photocurrent, transient photoconductivity measurements have also been carried out at various temperatures and excitation intensities. The results are well explained by recombination of excess D° states in localized-localized recombination.


Students' lifestyles change after entering the university negatively impacting effective sleep regulation, daytime alertness, motivation to learn, and mental health. An evening chronotype has been increasingly associated with negative impacts upon performance and well-being. Greater understanding of chronotype differences in sleep-related, mental health, and daily life characteristics is needed to develop a sleep health promoting intervention.

 Cross-sectional descriptive design among health sciences students (nursing, occupational therapy and physical therapy) in a Japanese university. The Japanese version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-J) was used to create morning (M), intermediate (I), and evening (E) chronotype groups. One-way analysis of variance was used to investigate differences among chronotype groups by sleep, mental health, and daily life characteristics. We assessed insomnia severity (ISI-J), sleep quality (PSQI-J), sleep hygiene (SHPS-J), daytime sleepiness and dysfunctional sleep beliefs; depression (JCES-D) and anxiety; and time use in club, commuting, sleep, and work, as well as engagement in meaningful day-to-day activities (EMAS-J), significant group differences were explored post-hoc.

 Of 369 students there were 21% classified as M chronotype, 63% as I, and 16 % as E; an approximate 1:3:1 ratio. Sleep quality was progressively better as chronotype advanced from E, to I, to M (PSQI-J: d range 0.41-1.07); along with sleep problems being less likely (ISI-J: d range 0.45-1.16). Sleep hygiene practices were most effective for the M chronotype, followed by I then E (SHPS-J: d range 0.49-1.14). No group differences were found in daytime sleepiness or dysfunctional sleep beliefs. Depression symptoms were greater in the E chronotype compared to I and M (JCES-D: d range 0.52-0.84). M chronotypes reported the longest commuting times (d range 0.45-0.55). No differences were found in sleep duration or time spent in other activity types. Lastly, M chronotypes reported engaging in more meaningful activities compared to E (EMAS-J: d = 0.47).

 Sleep health lifestyle intervention should target chronotype preference to be less evening-like, thereby promoting sleep quality and mental health. Intervention could tailor sleep hygiene beliefs and skills to address sleep timing, pre-sleep arousal and environment regulation according to individuals' daily life characteristics and chronotype differences.


The rapid expansion of distributed energy resources (DERs) is one of the most significant changes to electricity systems around the world. Examples of DERs include solar panels, small natural gas-fueled generators, combined heat and power plants, etc. Due to the small supply capacities of these DERs, it is impractical for them to participate directly in the wholesale electricity market. We study in this paper two efficient aggregation models. In the first aggregation model, a profit-maximizing aggregator procures electricity from DERs, and sells them in the wholesale market. We show that this model preserves full market efficiency, i.e., the social welfare achieved by the aggregation model is the same as that when DERs participate directly in the wholesale market. In the second aggregation model, a uniform two-part pricing policy is applied to DER owners, while the aggregator becomes fully regulated but is guaranteed positive profit. It is shown that this second model again achieves full market efficiency. Furthermore, we show that DER aggregation can also leads to a reduction on the market power of conventional generators. All arguments are supplemented with illustrative examples.


Quality is a core survival of an institution. This study aims to relate the level of education and income with the quality of free health services in the health center of Jereweh district, Sumbawa Barat district. The sample in this study amounted to 84 patient respondents at the Puskesmas using a questionnaire for data collection. The sampling technique is a acidental sampling method. Data analysis techniques using Spearman's Correlation test. The results of this study indicate that: 1) education does not have a correlation on the quality of health services. 2) income does not have a correlation on the quality of health services.


This chapter opens with the signature of a secret share swap between Belgium's two leading brewing companies in 1971. Under this furtive agreement, the dynamics of which are analysed in detail, the breweries see their domestic market share grow even more, to about 60 per cent, and continue the foreign expansion started in the two previous decades, in Europe and Africa. In Belgium, Stella Artois tumbles under the effect of reputation and product quality issues while Piedboeuf surges with the help of its star brand, Jupiler. These evolutions put the corporate governance of Artois and the secret association under strain. In 1987 the two companies end up openly merging under the name Interbrew, following a strategic rethinking of the group's strategy, structure, and corporate governance as well as a destabilizing tax scandal.


Mobility in urban areas is a subject of current concern. Individual mode choice is one of the travel demand modeling basic steps that depends on the mode utility function. Port-Said (PS) city, as an Egyptian urban area, has a problem of increasing number of population using private modes including private car and taxi that caused peak road jam in the last few years. This paper aims at applying Logit calibration of advanced discrete choice models with several individual and mode attributes affecting the prediction of individual choice. The models investigate innovative transport systems like Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as a hypothetical mode situation beside the regular modes of transport (car and taxi). The methodology provides data collection of PS transportation mode system and develops Multinomial Logit model (MNL), Nested Logit model (NL), and Mixed Logit model (MXL) using Visual-tm Software. The survey was formed by the Stated Preference (SP) technique conducted for individuals from all PS zones and the predictable travel mode choice behavior was analyzed. The results were briefly analyzed to demonstrate the three models. Finally, travel velocity and time budget sensitivity were calculated, for different income levels, as a result of the supposed policy.


Speech-driven gesture synthesis is a field of growing interest in virtual human creation. However, a critical challenge is the inherent intricate one-to-many mapping between speech and gestures. Previous studies have explored and achieved significant progress with generative models. Notwithstanding, most synthetic gestures are still vastly less natural. This paper presents DiffMotion, a novel speech-driven gesture synthesis architecture based on diffusion models. The model comprises an autoregressive temporal encoder and a denoising diffusion probability Module. The encoder extracts the temporal context of the speech input and historical gestures. The diffusion module learns a parameterized Markov chain to gradually convert a simple distribution into a complex distribution and generates the gestures according to the accompanied speech. Compared with baselines, objective and subjective evaluations confirm that our approach can produce natural and diverse gesticulation and demonstrate the benefits of diffusion-based models on speech-driven gesture synthesis.


The adsorption behavior of two symmetrical indolenine-based squaraines, indicated with VG1-C2 and VG1-C10, sensitizing electrodeposited mesoporous zinc oxide (ZnO), was studied and compared with that of di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato) bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato) ruthenium (II) (N719). The choice of squaraines as metal-free dye-sensitizers was motivated by their far-red NIR sensitivity with respect to the traditional Ru complex-based dyes, the ease of their preparation and their higher molar extinction coefficient. The electrochemically grown ZnO here described were porous due to the high volume yield of electrodeposition (about 104 cm3 of ZnO per unit charge of electrolysis). In the present analysis the process of sensitization of TiO2 with the same set of dyes and the performance of the corresponding DSCs were also considered for sake of comparison. VG1-C2 sensitizer proved to be particularly effective electron injector in ZnO electrodes giving larger photocurrents in VG1-C2-sensitized ZnO with respect to TiO2. The latter system presented higher kinetic stability of the photoinjected charges as evidenced by the larger photovoltages of TiO2-based DSCs with respect to ZnO-based devices with the same sensitizer. The long alkyl substituents in squaraine VG1-C10 inhibit electron injection in ZnO and a specific effect of electrical passivation of the ZnO surface introduced by the bulky apolar groups was claimed. Overall efficiencies in the order of 1% were measured with the ZnO-based DSCs under AM 1.5 solar simulator when the photoactive area and the thickness of ZnO films were 0.5 cm2 and 2 μm, respectively. These results on ZnO-based DSCs with the oxide prepared at temperatures below 260 °C are particularly interesting considering the relatively large area and small thickness of the related electrodes, which makes them in principle useful for application in weakly absorbing devices utilizing flexible substrates.


Ascorbic acid in combination with aspirin has been used to prevent aspirin‐induced oxidative GI damage. We aimed to determine whether ascorbic acid reduces or prevents aspirin‐induced changes in intestinal permeability over a 6‐hr period using saccharidic probes mannitol and lactulose. The effects of administration of 600 mg aspirin alone, 500 mg ascorbic acid alone and simultaneous dosage of both agents were compared in a cross‐over study in 28 healthy female volunteers. These effects were also compared with that of a placebo. The ability of ascorbic acid to mitigate the effects of aspirin when administered either half an hour before or after dosage with aspirin was also assessed in 19 healthy female volunteers. The excretion of lactulose over the 6‐hr period was augmented after consumption of either aspirin or ascorbic acid compared with that after consumption of placebo. Dosage with ascorbic acid alone augmented the excretion of lactulose more than did aspirin alone. Simultaneous dosage with both agents augmented the excretion of lactulose in an additive manner. The timing of dosage with ascorbic acid in relation to that with aspirin had no significant effect on the excretion of the two sugars. These findings indicate that ascorbic acid does not prevent aspirin‐induced increase in gut permeability rather that both agents augment it to a similar extent. The additive effect on simultaneous dosage with both agents in augmenting the absorption of lactulose suggests that each influences paracellular permeability by different pathways.


This study aims to analyze participation motivation of the students studying in the department of Physical education and Sports teaching. The study population consists of 160 students from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching in Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education at Ataturk University in the 2019-2020 academic year. The study sample is 99 students out of 160 students by choosing the random sampling method. A form consisting of two parts has been used as a data collection tool in the study. In the first part of the data collection tool, there is a personal information form, including the students' age, gender, and sports information branch. In the second part, participation motivation questionnaire has been used. Normal distribution criteria have been controlled using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests in the obtained data. Non-parametric tests have been used in the next stage's statistical analysis. While comparisons of gender and sports type have been fulfilled with the Mann Whitney-U test, the Kruskal Wallis test has been used for the age variable. Consequently, it has been observed that the most crucial reason directing students to sports is "skill development" and the least important reason is "friends". When looking at the values obtained from the Participation Motivation Questionnaire by gender, it is evident that there is no statistically significant difference according to the scores obtained by male and female students from the sub-dimensions of the scale.


The political transformation and constitution-building process in East Central Europe concerned not only the simple identification or listing of rights, but, more importantly, the development of institutions that would adequately safeguard and implement constitutional freedoms and rights. This essay will not attempt an exhaustive review of all of the efforts made in the post-communist period to fulfill this expectation, but will point to some elements in the process of institutionalizing the protection of rights in order to illustrate the problems faced by these developing democracies and the accomplishments they have realized.


Franco, Jean. 2002. The Decline and Fall of the Lettered City: Latin America in the Cold War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. $52.00 hc. $22.95 sc. 352 pp.In The Sociology of Music, Theodore Adorno paints a dour picture of advanced capitalism's deleterious effect on music (e.g., the imposition of a culture industry which subverted creative genius and privileged repetition and replication), yet he consistently demonstrates a faith in the avant-garde to escape the ravages of capitalism and arrogate a space for creativity and exploration. In The Decline and Fall of the Lettered City: Latin America in the Cold War, Jean Franco writes a similar kind of cultural history for Latin America since the Cold War. The book is framed by a pessimistic evaluation of the lose-lose effects of the Cold War for Latin America, yet throughout the book Franco consistently turns to exemplary cultural figures, texts, art, and film to demonstrate how a creative work or an aesthetic practice was able to escape the pitched ideological battles of the Cold War, find its own voice, and preserve a Latin American particularity in the face of homogenizing global forces. Admitting, at best grudgingly, some sense of hope in the face of an otherwise grim analysis of Latin American society since the 1950s, Franco finds continued evidence of an "exuberant creativity" in Latin America that can liberate itself from imposed ideological boundaries, adapt and master foreign imports to its own ends, and successfully assert its inexorable difference in a globalized economy.In the initial chapters, Franco lays out how binary Cold War ideologies invaded Latin America to its detriment. Seen as a prize by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Latin America became a battle-ground in the struggle of the two superpowers, and it lost: economically, culturally, and as a continent of autonomous nations. In Franco's judgment, neither of these imported political economies adapted to the particularities of the cultures, peoples, nations, and social milieus of the continent, and the poor fit resulted in inevitable and multifarious failures. Communism has not defeated poverty in Latin America nor met the needs of its marginalized communities. The Zapatista Revolution imagines Mexico as a multicultural society, but how can such a fight for freedom and autonomy be won when the revolution has been marketed as entertainment?The United States' ideological intervention was grounded in the duality of universalism (i.e., the preeminence of European culture) and the Soviet threat to that preeminence. Through the propaganda films of the Office of Inter-American Affairs, Disney, print media (Encounters, Cuadernos, Mundo Nuevo), and the recruitment and use of conservative Latin American intellectuals (e.g., Emir Rodriguez Monegal, Octavio Paz, Salvador de Madariaga), the United States pursued an ideological campaign in Latin America that used universalism as code for an attack on Latin American particularity, which was inevitably linked with Soviet ideals (e.g., class struggle). Correlatively, Franco looks at the failures and mismatches of Marxism in Latin America, focusing on the disjunction between austere Marxist political practice and the "exuberance and excess of the aesthetic" (3). She uses the Mexican writers Jose Revueltas and Elena Poniatowska to exemplify literature's critique of the failures of Marxism in Latin America, and then she turns to the Chilean Pablo Neruda to explore how poetry and Marxist practice could co-exist. Franco makes clear her own political preference here: The sins of the application of Marxism in Latin America can be corrected, while there is no corrective for United States imperialism.In the following chapters, Franco plots a causal arc from the failed socioeconomic policies of the Cold War in Latin America to the resultant dictatorships and military interventions to contemporary neo-liberalism. …


In this paper, a novel disaster building damage monitoring method is presented. This method combines the multispectral imagery and DSMs from stereo matching to obtain three kinds of changes. The proposed method contains three basic steps. The first step is to segment the panchromatic images to get the smallest possible homogeneous regions. In the second step, based on a rule based classification using change information from Iteratively Reweighted Multivariate Alteration Detection (IR-MAD) and height, the changes are classified to ruined buildings, new buildings, and changes without height change (mainly temporary residential area, etc. tents). In the last step, a region based grey level co-occurrence matrix texture measurement is used to refine the third change class. The method is applied to building change detection after the Haiti earthquake.


The "red tide" organism Karenia brevis (Davis) Hansen & Moestrup (=Gymnodinium breve Davis) produces a mixture of brevetoxins, potent neurotoxins responsible for neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in humans and massive fish kills in the Gulf of Mexico and the southern Atlantic coast of the United States. The sterol composition of K. brevis was found to be a mixture of six novel and rare Δ8(14) sterols. The two predominant sterols, (24R)‐4α‐methylergosta‐8(14), 22‐dienol and (24R)‐4α‐methyl‐27‐norergosta‐8(14), 22‐dienol, were named gymnodinosterol and brevesterol and represent potentially useful biomarkers for K. brevis. A possible function for such unusual marine sterols is proposed whereby structural modifications render the sterols non‐nutritious to marine invertebrates, reducing predation and thereby enhancing the ability of the dinoflagellates to form massive blooms.


The scattering problems that arise when considering the contribution of the topologically inequivalent configurations (TIC's) of the massless complex scalar field on Kerr black holes to the Hawking radiation are studied. The corresponding S-matrices are examined and presented in the form convenient for numerical computations.


Abstract Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay in serum specimens in 26 unselected cases of sarcoidosis. Although only six of these patients had hypercalcemia, PTH was unmeasurably low in 19. Of the seven with normal levels, five received steroid therapy at the time of study. PTH levels were low regardless of the apparent activity of the disease and were not correlated with serum calcium concentrations. PTH was unmeasurably low in sarcoidosis even when complicated by moderate renal insufficiency, a condition that ordinarily provokes secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcemic sarcoid patients with high PTH concentrations were found to have coexistent parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia. In such cases, hypercalcemia did not respond to steroid therapy, but was corrected by surgery. The data indicate that most patients with sarcoidosis have functional hypoparathyroidism. This fits well with the recognized abnormalities of calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis, since excessiv...


Fifteen min after resumption of the blood flow in the common carotid arteries the arrest of which was caused by ligation, a considerable intensification of the blood supply in the hemispheres, diencephalon and the midbrain and its simultaneous reduction in the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata occurred. Sixty min later the cerebral blood supply in all the parts of the brain under study recovered completely, except the hemispheres. The complete postischemic recovery of the phospholipid metabolism intensity occurred in the brain regions showing a considerable diminution of the phospholipid metabolism during the ischemic period.


This paper introduces the design process of a easy infrared remote controlling device which instead of the keyboard.In this design,MCU receives the instructions of infrared remote control and transmits some keyboard order to PC.It can instead of the keyboard to control the PC.