According to observations of neurosurgical treatment of hyperkinetic syndromes, the neural circuit consisting of the cortex, putamen, pallidum, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and cortex plays an important role in the control of involuntary movement, and may act as the site of integrative mechanism for the so-called "extra pyramidal motor system". However there is only a little evidence that sensory input reaches this hypothetical neural circuit. In order to elucidate the sensory input to diencephalic "extrapyramidal" structures, we searched the subthalamic area and subthalamic nucleus for neurons responding to sensory stimulation and studied the functional relationship between these neurons, pallidum, and substantia nigra. Experiments were carried out on locally anesthetized cats artificially respired following flaxedil paralysis. Single unitary activity from the subthalamic area was recorded with tungsten microelectrodes or glass pipettes filled with four molar sodium chloride. Each spontaneous) yactive neuron was tested for response to natural stimuli and electrical stimulation of peripheraly nerve. The response pattern of subthalamic area neurons responding to proprioceptive stimuli was also studied following partial sections of the spinal cord or nembutal anesthesia. (1) One hundred and twenty units were recorded in the subthalamic area onctaining the Zona incerta and fields of Forel (81% responded to sciatic stimulation and 19% responded to pallidal stimulation). An additional sixty eight units were recorded in the subthalamic nucleus 90% responded to sciatic stimuli and 98% responded to pallidal stimulation. Ffiyt one subthalamic area neurons responded to joint movement (28% responded to nigral stimulation, but none responded to pallidal stimulation).


Industrial Control Systems depend heavily on security and monitoring protocols. Several tools are available for this purpose, which scout vulnerabilities and take screenshots from various control panels for later analysis. However, they do not adequately classify images into specific control groups, which can difficult operations performed by manual operators. In order to solve this problem, we use transfer learning with five CNN architectures, pre-trained on Imagenet, to determine which one best classifies screenshots obtained from Industrial Controls Systems. Using 337 manually labeled images, we train these architectures and study their performance both in accuracy and CPU and GPU time. We find out that MobilenetV1 is the best architecture based on its 97,95% of F1-Score, and its speed on CPU with 0.47 seconds per image. In systems where time is critical and GPU is available, VGG16 is preferable because it takes 0.04 seconds to process images, but dropping performance to 87,67%.


In this paper, a case study is conducted based on the real data obtained from the local Distribution System Operator (DSO) of electrical energy. The analyzed network represents connections and high-voltage switchgears of 110 kV. Selected graph parameters—vertex degree distribution, the average vertex degree, the graph density, network efficiency, the clustering coefficient, the average path length, and the graph diameter were examined, taking into account that in the analysis, some nodes were removed due to the different failures. For each failure, the possible effects on network parameters were tested. As a final result, it was shown that in the analyzed case, the removal of only five nodes could cause a significant (almost four times) fall of graph efficiency. In turn, this means that the whole analyzed network cannot be considered as a fault-tolerant.


The most thoroughgoing of the .20th-century realists, John Anderson denied that minds are made up of cognitive or conative elements. Cognition (knowing) and conation (striving) are things that minds do (relations) and not things that minds are (qualities). He proposed feeling (emotion, passion) as the distinctive quality of the mental. Many of those psychologists who followed Anderson's epistemological realism in their psychology (especially W.M. O'Neil and J.R. Maze) disagreed with the particular thesis of mind as feeling, arguing instead for a version of central state materialism that denies the existence of any distinctively mental properties, and asserts a functional or relational conception of mind. Examination of O'Neil's and Maze's arguments here, together with considerations of experimental psychological research, show that a case can be made for the existence of qualitative emotional states. Such emotional states are positive terms in their own right. They cannot be reduced to particular brain states, as eliminative materialism would claim, nor can they be translated into overtly observable sequences of motor responses, as behaviourism would claim.


Car following models usually assume that individual drivers tend to keep a minimum safe distance from the vehicle in front of themselves, or tend to drive at a desired velocity. Through the analysis of NGSIM data, it is found that the distance between leader car and follower car is often not the minimum safe distance when the driver maintains similar velocity with the leading vehicle. Moreover, due to miss perception of leading vehicle's velocity, the following vehicle's desired velocity is not equal to the leading vehicle's, especially when the leading vehicle's velocity changes greatly. In this paper, the comfortable driving distance is proposed to replace the minimum safe distance in the traditional car-following model, and the calculation method of the desired velocity is given. Logistic function was used to improve the linear function in the spring-damper car-following model, which fit the changing of driving velocity of follower vehicles better. Simulation results are provided to validity the model developed in this paper.


where ~o represents a no-bond structtite and ~l. represents a dative structure -il'lwhich art electron has been transferred from the donor to' the acceptor molee de.' While Dewar2 for the complexes of tetracyanoethy.lene with different hydrocarbons and Arnaud and Bonnier3 for the complexes of tetracyanoethylene with phenylthiazoles showed the predominant force to be electrostatic, Merrifield and Phillips4 for compl~xes of tt:tracyanoethylene an4methylbenzene showed the contrary. Dasghosh and Basu5 showed that the chargetransfer force is predominant in iodine monochloride and aromatic hydrocarbon systems (n-aot complexes) in nonpolar solvents while the contribution of electrostatic forces is not negligible if one uses the higher dielectric solvents. In order to see what type of force is predominant in (pi-pi*) complexes we have studied the interaction ofchloranil with 'different substituted naphthalenes in n-heptane as well as in a few other higher dielectric solvents. Moreover, appearance of multiple charge-transfer bands are often reported for substituted benzeneso and aromatic hydrocarbons 7 as donor. In an earlier report8 we have shown that sonie of the substituted naphthalenes also show multiple charge-transfer bands. We also wanted to investigate whether the charge-transfer nature is predominant in both these bands. Equilibrium constant measurements in different dielectric medium will definitely indicate whether, the, charge-transfer forces or the ~lectrostatic forces are predominant in these systems.


The operation On 1 December 2004 Asklepios Kliniken GmbH ("Asklepios") notified the Bundeskartellamt of its proposed acquisition of at first 49.9% and subsequently (on 1 January 2007) another 25%…


Considering the high ratio of live load to dead load,this paper proposes using smart cables in the cable-stayed bridge.Under various load conditions,the deflection and strain of the main girder can be controlled in the allowed range when the employed actuator system can contract or release the smart cables in real-time.Based on a multilevel control algorithm,the active control experiment of a cable-stayed bridge model that used a digital control system was investigated,in which the mid-span strain is used as feedback.The influence of motor speed parameters setting on the smart system performance was examined and the influence of multi-level strain limit and motor speed parameters setting on the smart system performance was also studied.The result shows that the control ability of fast loads can be improved,and the energy consumption of slow loads can be reduced simultaneously,by means of classifying the actuator speed and the limited strain range.


This dissertation takes a detailed look at the role of non-state "stakeholders," overwhelmingly civil society non-governmental organizations (CSOs or NGOs), in human rights promotion within the process of the United Nations Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights. Utilizing a mixed-method, text-heavy approach, I conduct analyses of both state behavior and NGO activity within the first cycle of the Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights and examine the monitoring and follow-up practices between review rounds through paired cases in the second round of reviews. In these analyses, first I show that NGO activity, after controlling for the amount of state activity, human rights record, region, and issue area, is related to higher rates of states rejecting recommended changes and thus the exhibition of resistance to international pressure. Second, state rejection of recommendations increases with the level of demands in the recommendation, worsening human rights records, and when the recommendation covers specific international obligations or political rights such as basic freedoms and the rule of law. Moreover, recommendations covering women's rights or the rights of the child are more likely to be accepted. Third, I establish that states express their resistance to international human rights norms in one of two fashions: with culturally-, religiously-, or nationally-particularistic claims or with appeals to state sovereignty. Finally, I highlight the centrality of NGOs in the monitoring process between cycles of the UPR process, tying NGO engagement and participation over the duration to reporting on compliance with recommended changes from the preceding cycle of review. Recommendations, Rhetoric, and Reporting: State and NGO Behavior in the Universal Periodic Review of Human Rights by Michael J. Beckstrand B.A., St. John's University, 2007 M.A., Syracuse University, 2009 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate School of Syracuse University Syracuse University August 2015 Copyright © Michael J. Beckstrand 2015 All Rights Reserved


In this dissertation we study regular expression based parsing and the use of grammatical specifications for the synthesis of fast, streaming string-processing programs.
In the first part we develop two linear-time algorithms for regular expression based parsing with Perl-style greedy disambiguation. The first algorithm operates in two passes in a semi-streaming fashion, using a constant amount of working memory and an auxiliary tape storage which is written in the first pass and consumed by the second. The second algorithm is a single-pass and optimally streaming algorithm which outputs as much of the parse tree as is semantically possible based on the input prefix read so far, and resorts to buffering as many symbols as is required to resolve the next choice. Optimality is obtained by performing a PSPACE-complete pre-analysis on the regular expression.
In the second part we present Kleenex, a language for expressing high-performance streaming string processing programs as regular grammars with embedded semantic actions, and its compilation to streaming string transducers with worst-case linear-time performance. Its underlying theory is based on transducer decomposition into oracle and action machines, and a finite-state specialization of the streaming parsing algorithm presented in the first part. In the second part we also develop a new linear-time streaming parsing algorithm for parsing expression grammars (PEG) which generalizes the regular grammars of Kleenex. The algorithm is based on a bottom-up tabulation algorithm reformulated using least fixed points and evaluated using an instance of the chaotic iteration scheme by Cousot and Cousot.


The optimal planning of passive reflective skins installed on the building facades for implementing next-generation smart electromagnetic environments is addressed. Towards this end, a customized System-by-Design strategy is exploited to yield the best trade-off solutions between maximum coverage enhancement within selected regions of interest and overall cost/environmental impact. A suitable binary coding strategy is adopted to define the degrees-of-freedom of the planning problem at hand, which is solved by means of a customized binary genetic algorithm integrated with a learning-by-examples prediction tool for the computationally-efficient evaluation of the urban wireless coverage. An illustrative numerical example is shown to assess the effectiveness and potentialities of the proposed planning strategy in a realistic scenario.


Powdered nanocrystalline tin dioxide has been prepared by two different methods: conventional hydrolysis of SnCl4 solution and the so-called criosol technique. The latter involves treatment of a sodium stannate solution by a cation exchange resin in the H+ form and subsequent freeze drying. The microstructure, composition, specific surface area and electrical properties of the samples were investigated. The application of the criosol technique was shown to result in stable nanoscale particles of tin dioxide. The sintered pellets obtained by this method are characterised by significantly higher values of the resistance in comparison to material prepared by the conventional technique.


Since 1988 Russia and Korea have been developing bilateral economic relations. After the conclusion of, the first trade agreement, Korea has become one of the largest trading and investment partners of the Russian Far East. Annually, Korea has increased trade and investment flows to the Russian Far East, a region with high growth potential. By the 2000s Korea has become the Russian Far East's third largest trading partner. This article considers trade and investment flows from the 1990s to the present, analyses the prospects of achieving goals, and the problems of developing further bilateral cooperation between Russia and Korea.


the journey more pressing'). The analogy breaks down, however, when Spariosu's powers of exegesis are compared with Napoleon's skills as a tactician. The text opens with a discussion of Hesiod's fable of the hawk, the nightingale and the worm (be honest, had you taken the nightingale's breakfast into account before?). We are then told that the mentality of Homer's heroes 'is largely governed by power in its naked, immediate form' (2), and that 'in the Homeric world... power presents itself as agon or competitive play' (4); we are not told whether or how -'competitive play' differs from competition, although 'play' is a key term of the book's argument. 'Agon', too, makes its first appearance here; the Homeric usage of the word is then outlined in terms which contradict, though they do not inhibit, the remarkable statement that ' the funeral games... do not appear to be explicitly agonistic '(13). Thus the advance on Moscow is made with an army routed by friendly fire while crossing the Niemen. S.'s one operational success is the tight security which he manages to impose on some of his main concepts. Admittedly the difference between 'archaic' and 'median' values, though never defined, does leak out at certain points; but the precise meaning of 'proto-logo-rational' and 'logo-rational' is kept under wraps throughout. We do learn that the latter is different from ' modern rationalism... as developed by Bacon, Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, Kant, and others' (xi); but this is not very illuminating, for the 'others' turn out to include a high proportion of those interpreters with whom S. disagrees especially Jonathan Barnes, condemned as 'an extreme rationalist' for maintaining the value of logical consistency (65 n. 12). I cannot claim to have learnt much from this book.


Twenty-six food products which are commonly consumed in Korea were classified according to the method of Oldfield et al., based on the physical and rheological properties, and subjected to the measurement of textural characteristics by the General Foods Texturometer. It was found that the measurement conditions, texturometer curves and parameters differed depending on the food group such as gelatinous, heterogeneous gelatinous, fatty emulsion, cellular textured, fibrous, spongy and porous solid food products. Diverse texturometer curves were obtained from the same kinds of food products, especially among the porous solid food products.


Design and synthesis of the poly vinyl chloride (PVC) membrane as Fe(III) ion selective electrode (ISE) sensor based on EHA ionophore as an excellent sensory molecule for monitoring Fe(III) in the sample solution had been done. Simple and efficient EHA was made by condensation of carboxylic acid HA with ethanol and sulfuric acid as catalist. PVC membrane was prepared by mixed all component such as PVC powder, EHA, plasticizer (o-NPOE and DOP) and anion lipophilic (Sodium-TPB and oleic acid) with a total weight of 100 mg and dissolved in 1 mL of dry THF. The electrode membrane responses showed that the electrodes were highly selective to ion Fe3+ at pH 3 with response time of ±50 seconds. The dynamic range of the membrane ISE sensor was 10-1–10-7 M with the value of Nernst factor was ±19 mV per decade. The membrane electrode can be used for at least 5 weeks. The analytical results of Fe(III) measurement showed good confirmity with reference method (AAS), suggesting that the developed analytical tool could be used to measure and monitor Fe(III) in the real water samples.


1. BACKGROUND This paper is presented as a means of demonstrating that the Tierney Report, arising from the work of the Science Technology and Innovation Advisory Council (STIAC), has the potential to stimulate a new phase of socioeconomic development as the end of the century approaches. As a member of STIAC this writer is pleased to have the opportunity to join with Dr Tom Hardiman and Mr Charles Carroll in addressing this subject; both of whom have been working colleagues of mine, the former in Radio Eireann and RTE and the latter in the Irish Management Institution. Hardiman played a very important role in setting up the former National Science and Technology Council, and he had to witness its demise and transformation into Eolas for reasons that are hard to comprehend. One can only hope that its a case of un pas en arrière pour la mieux sauter. The Tierney Report pointed to a lack of awareness in Ireland of the importance of science, technology and innovation (STI). I hope to show what action the Report suggested as a way of improving the situation. For instance, although Bertie Ahern's address to the Fianna Fáil Ard Fheis did refer to Irelands 'Silicon Valley' and Intel, it contained no commitment to indigenous innovation as a force for economic development. Knowledge and technology transfer by means of mobile international investment is an important component of national economic strategy, but it is only one element in the vector of development forces. In June of the year (1995) we organised a workshop in the University of Limerick to make some responses to the Tierney Report. I am including here the terms of the invitation to participants. I believe it catches the mood of the moment.


The present study was conducted to explore the usage of different levels of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seed powder (CSP) in quail nutrition as a natural growth promoter. One hundred (one-day-old) unsexed quail chicks were randomly divided into five groups of similar mean weight (8.8 g), each with five replicates of four chicks. The control group received a basal diet. For the other groups, the basal diet was supplemented with 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/kg CSP. The observed variables included growth performance, carcass parts and internal organ weights. Results showed that CSP did not affect the observed variables statistically. However, the best FCR ratio was observed in an 8 g/kg CSP group. Similarly, the highest live weight among the animals slaughtered in all groups in the study was again in the same group (8 g/kg CSP: 304.9 g), but no statistical difference between was observed with all groups. There was no incidence of any mortality or any signs of the adverse effects of CSP during the experimental period. Dietary CSP supplementation had not any adverse effects on growth performance and carcass parts weight. Consequently, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of CSP on the meat quality and digestive system in poultry.


Four classes of advanced isomerized hop products (advanced hop products) are commercially available. They are derivatives of α-acids that have undergone stereochemical transformations, resulting in iso-α-acids with cis and trans configurations. Their compositions play important roles in providing bitterness, foam, flavor, and flavor stability; each of these derivatives exhibits differences in its bitterness strength, foam enhancement, flavor, and flavor stability. The traditional IBU (international bitterness unit) method for measuring bitterness using UV absorbance neither distinguishes their compositions nor provides clues as to their corresponding sensory perception. A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a 100 × 4.6 mm C-18 column and an aqueous methanol buffer solution has been developed to rapidly resolve analogs and stereoisomers of iso-α-acids (class I), ρ-iso-α-acids (class II), tetrahydroiso-α-acids (class III), and hexahydroiso-α-acids (class IV). This method can also differentiate between these four classes of iso-α-acid derivatives. Additionally, we demonstrate that electrospray HPLC/MS (mass spectrometry) can be a versatile method for identifying these isomerized hop derivatives.


Free Electron Laser (FEL) facilities often must accommodate requests for a variety of electron beam parameters in order to supply scientific users with appropriate photon beam characteristics. This usually requires skilled human operators to tune the machine. In principle, a neural network control policy that is trained on a broad range of machine operating states could be used to quickly switch between these requests without substantial need for human intervention. We present preliminary results from an ongoing simulation study in which a neural network control policy is investigated for rapid switching between beam parameters in a compact THz FEL that exhibits nonlinear electron beam dynamics. To accomplish this, we first train a feed-forward neural network to mimic a physics-based simulation of the FEL. We then train a neural network control policy by first pre-training it as an inverse model (using supervised learning with a subset of the simulation data) and then training it more extensively with reinforcement learning. In this case, the reinforcement learning component consists of letting the policy network interact with the learned system model and backpropagating the cost through the model network to the controller network.


Instrumental function of a second language and bilingual education Even though in bilingual intercultural education the learning of a second language should fulfill an instrumental function together with the mother tongue, we have no information that this is being carried out in our country. The author states that this is, partly, due to a confusion of certain basic notions, among them, the learning of content in a first and in a second language, and what it means to master a language for academic purposes. To help clarify these points, the author studies three programs which, from different perspectives, have as an objective the development of academic language.


Very few topics mobilize both the "Portuguese thought" -just to use a porous category of difficult definition- and the Portuguese decolonization in the mid-70s, after the Carnation Revolution. Multiple imaginations were elaborated from this event that fractured an expansion and a secular colonial theory. However, as Eduardo  Lourenco  fully shows ( Do  colonialismo como nosso impensado , 2014) the dereliction of the Atlantic history produces a multitude of ontological and symbolic specters and critical problems for the country called to articulate a new inscription outside of the Atlantic-Europe dialectics, exclusively turned to the European mythologies and destiny. The article deals especially with the conceptual plan of the Portuguese decolonization, in particular deepening the topic in terms of conceptual history, connected to two involved categories: negation and belonging. A reflection on the temporal tangle of decolonization in particular valorizes the messianic aspect of a "time of the end" leading to a reconsideration of the connection to an event that for some actors of the processes meant a "end of the time".


Abstract 5059 Many gravity change-related thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases or fatalities have been reported to occur in human beings, such as crewmen in space, roller coaster riders, and aircrew subjected to high-G training. Because platelets, as anucleated blood cell, are the primary players in both thrombosis and hemostasis, function change of platelets in altered gravity conditions might offer some insights into the mechanisms leading to these gravity change-related diseases. We have demonstrated that the platelet functions are inhibited in microgravity environments, and activated under high-G conditions, which reveals a novel mechanism for gravity change-related hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases. The mechanisms, however, remain to be further investigated. Here, firstly we investigated the effect of hypergravity (acceleration centrifugation) on platelet functions. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) or washed platelets were exposed to hypergravity at 8 G for different time points (2 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes), and then platelet aggregation was measured at each time point. No platelet aggregation was induced by 8 G alone, whereas ristocetin or collagen-induced platelet aggregation was time-dependently increased by hypergravity stimulus. The effect was maximal at 15 minutes after hypergravity treatment. Spreading assay shows that the number of platelet adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen and the mean platelet area spreading on von Willbrand factor (VWF) matrix were obviously increased by hypergravity. To further explore the effect of hypergravity on platelet activity state, the markers of platelet activations (integrin αaIIbβ3 activation, P-selectin surface expression) were assessed by flow cytometry. αaIIbβ3 was activated, in part, in 8 G-exposed platelets as detected by PAC-1 binding, but no significant difference was observed in P-selectin surface expression compared with 1 G controls. Next, we investigated the effects of hypergravity stimulus on actin distribution and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in isolated human platelets. Hypergravity at 8 G induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization in platelets, and the release of Ca2+ from internal stores, but not Ca2+ influx via mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. Pretreatment of platelets with intercellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM had no effect on hypergravity-induced changes in cytoskeleton, but significantly reduced platelet aggregation induced by hypergravity/ristocetin. In addition, using two different platelet activation inhibitors acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and tirofiban, which are widely used as antithrombotic drugs, we assessed the effects of the drugs on hypergravity-induced platelet activation in mice. Treatment of mice with aspirin or tirofiban significantly reduced hypergravity-induced P-selectin expression on platelet surface, prolonged tail bleeding time in vivo and reduced death rate in hypergravity-treated mice. Thus, our results indicate that hypergravity leads to human platelet hyperactivity, but fails to incur essential platelet activation events. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization and [Ca2+]i play important roles in regulation of platelet functions under hypergravity condition. The reorganization of actin cytoskeleton may be upstream or independent of [Ca2+]i, suggesting that hypergravity would affect various intercellular signals leading to platelet hyperactivity. In addition, antithrombotic agents such as aspirin and tirofiban have the therapeutic potential for hypergravity-induced thrombotic diseases. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Introduction: Howardite, eucrite and diogenite clan (HED) is the largest magmatic achondrite group and has been suggested to be derived from asteroid (4) Vesta (e.g., [1]). Previous geochemical studies have suggested HEDs were generated by asteroid melting followed by crystallization, metamorphism, and impact [1-6]. However, numerous eucrites and diogenites have anomalous compositional, isotopic or petrological characteristics compared to the norm. This diversity might indicate more complex magma processes on the parent asteroid, or they could be linked to different parental asteroids (e.g., [5]). The former case would imply that the parent asteroid is more heterogenous than currently thought, and that our petrologic models are too simple. The latter case would increase the number of asteroids known to have formed mafic crusts, and would allow for petrological comparisons across numerous bodies. We apply multivariable discrimination analysis (MDA) to a large database of HED pyroxene analyses. This technique allows all elemental information to be considered simultaneously to facilitate identification of groupings, trends, and outliers within the dataset.


The Report gives the basic information about agricultural producer prices in Croatia for the period 1995-2005, information about data sources and availability and analysis of recent trends. Also, it gives the comparison of average agricultural prices between Croatia and EU countries, as well as in Croatia and Western Balcan Countries.


Continuing medical education (CME) has become a major activity in hospitals, specialty societies, medical schools, and medical journals. Those who conduct CME courses do so to meet physicians' demand and to make a profit. But why do physicians engage in CME? The answer to that question is neither simple nor readily apparent. Although the number of CME offerings has increased enormously since many states have made it mandatory for relicensure, most physicians do not view such licensure regulation as the most important motivation of their pursuit of medical knowledge. Richards and Cohen ( J Med Educ 1980;55:479-485) have concluded that a commitment to improve continually one's skills and knowledge is basic to the notion of being a "professional." The power of peer pressure in medicine is great, and the desire to match the performance of one's peers is so powerful that voluntary participation in CME makes mandatory participation unnecessary. Although physicians


This paper reviews the historical development of Mongolian health care and it`s health care systems and looks at the health status of Mongolian people. In addition to it, this one also explores the health care reforms since 1990 when Mongolia introduced market economy. Mongolian health care systems was a centralized and hierarchial system that health care were fully financed and delivered by the government from the 1940s until 1990s. When new market economy introduced after 1990, free health care services with state financing alone were unsustainable and multiple sources of revenue have developed. However, The introduction of social health insurance and the decentralization process since 1990 brought new organizations and policies into health sector creating a more pluralistic environment. However, frequent changes of the government, scarce resources such as chronic under funding of health services as well as lack of coordination seemed to fail to implement both national programs and health care reform process effectively. As to the health status of Mongolian people, there has been continuous improvements in the health indicators in Mongolia since the 1920s although health indicators are still high compared with developed countries. Particularly, considerable progress has been made in reducing vaccine-preventable diseases, the infant mortality rate and the maternal mortality rate through concerted policy efforts. However, cardiovascular diseases, neoplasm and injuries and the poisoning has been currently emerging as the leading main causes of mortality in Mongolia.


Untari, Rani. 133221092. Digging Problem Faced in Learning English by Visual Impaired Students in Inclusion Class at X IPS 4 MAN Klaten in the Academic Year 2016/2017. Thesis, Surakarta: English Education Department, Islamic Education and teacher Training Faculty, The State Islamic Institute of Surakarta. 2017.
Advisor : Dr. Imroatus Solikhah, M.Pd
Key words : Learning English, Visual Impaired, Inclusion Class
The objectives of the research are (1) to know the process in learning English by visual impaired students in inclusion class at X IPS 4 MAN Klaten in the academic year 2016/2017; (2) to Know the problems faced in learning English by visual impaired students in inclusion class at X IPS 4 MAN Klaten in the academic year 2016/2017; (3) to discover the problems faced in learning English by visual impaired students in inclusion class at X IPS 4 MAN Klaten in the academic year 2016/2017.
To conduct the research, the researcher used the descriptive qualitative research. The researcher conducted the research from January until June 2017 in the inclusion class at X IPS 4 MAN Klaten. The researcher collected the data from observation, interview and documentation. The researcher did three steps to analyze the data such as; reduction the data, display the data and verification or drawing conclusion. To prove the trustworthiness of the data, the researcher used the triangulation especially methodological triangulation.
The result of the research shows that; (1) The process in learning English by visual impaired students in inclusion class are (a) Teacher center, so the students are learning English depend on the teacher"s instruction (b) The English material for visual impaired students same with normal students, (c) Visual impaired student used screen reader laptop as a media in English learning process. (2) The problem faced in learning English by visual impaired students in inclusion class are (a) lack of vocabulary, they are misunderstanding meaning of two words which have similar meaning (b) visual impaired students didn"t get additional teacher who is special in handling visual impaired students, (c) visual impaired students got similar attitude with normal students because their teacher"s perception about inclusion class, (d) two of visual impaired students got trouble with their motivation to learn English, subject 1 only got 44 % and subject 2 got 56% in motivation"s scale (3) The solving of the problem faced in learning English by visual impaired students are (a) visual impaired students increase their own motivation to learn English, (b) the school has accommodated adaptive computer equipment, readers for exams, recorded English lesson and laboratory assistants.


Introduced the light bends down the characteristic and it's the application siruation which unities with the existing old cinstruction,through indicated to the application example analyses,took the huge old cinstruction industry and the potential giant photovoltaicte bend down the electricity generation to unity,has the extremely broad prospects for development.


Previously we demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure (CSE)‐induced lung lesions in ferrets were prevented by a combination of low dose of β‐carotene, α‐tocopherol (AT), and ascorbic acid (AA). However, the role of a combination of AT and AA alone in the protective effect on lung carcinogenesis remains to be examined. In the present study, we investigated whether the combined AT (equivalent to ~100 mg/day in the human) and AA (equivalent to ~210 mg/day) supplementation prevents against CSE (equivalent to 1.5 packs of cigarettes/day) induced lung squamous metaplasia in ferrets. Ferrets were treated for 6 weeks in the following three groups (9 ferrets/group): (i) Control (no CSE, no AT+AA), (ii) CSE, and (iii) CSE+AT+AA. Result showed that CSE significantly decreased concentrations of retinoic acid, AT, and reduced form of AA, not total AA and retinol, in the lungs of ferrets. Combined AT+AA treatment not only increased levels of AT and reduced AA, but also restored the lower concentration of retinoic acid in the lungs of CSE‐exposed ferrets to normal levels as the control group. Furthermore, the combined AT+AA supplementation prevented CSE‐induced squamous metaplasia and cyclin D1 expression in the lungs. Using HPLC analysis, we were unable to detect any difference on lung microsomal thiobarbituric acid‐malondialdehyde levels among the three groups. These data indicate that the combination of AT+AA alone exerts protective effects against CSE‐induced lung lesions by restoring retinoic acid levels to normal. This result could be due to their potential to prevent CSE‐induced retinoid acid degradation. (Supported by NIH grant R01CA104932 and USDA grant 1950‐51000‐064).


In accordance with engineering practice of Jinchuan Nickel Mine in Gansu Province,China,this paper studies the method and process of developing ground surface movement information management and analyzing system for mines.The system is a GIS based secondary development.The paper discusses the structure and functions of the system.The system contains three modules: management of ground surface movement information,analysis and evaluation of ground surface movement,and ground surface movement forecast.The system makes the best of powerful information management and spatial analyzing capabilities of GIS,and can carry out the analysis and evaluation of ground surface movement by combining Surfer 8.0.And in the module of forecast,using the technique of MATLAB 6.5 program with VB 6.0,the system can achieve the ANN prediction model for GPS monitoring data.The study results shall improve management and analyzing efficiency for ground surface movement information in Jinchuan Nickel Mine,and can be used in developing the information system of ground surface movement in other mines.


Abstract A glasshouse and field trial were conducted to evaluate foliar sprays of Contans® WG (Coniothyrium minitans) conidial suspensions for control of sclerotinia rot of carrot and infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia by C. minitans. In the glasshouse trial, foliar sprays (1×104–108 conidia mL−1) decreased the viability of sclerotia recovered from diseased plants and increased infection by C. minitans. In the field trial, three successive foliar sprays applied at 14-day intervals failed to reduce foliage disease severity, but significantly reduced viability of sclerotia recovered from diseased plants/crop debris and increased infection by C. minitans. No significant differences in sclerotial viability or infection were observed between two conidial concentrations (2.4 and 4.8×106 conidia mL−1). Foliar sprays of Contans® WG have potential for reducing viability of sclerotia produced on diseased foliage.


The invention discloses a method and a device for self-establishing a route in a mobile network. The method comprises the following steps of: determining a target node by a super node A according to a received route searching request and acquiring distance between the super node and the target node; determining that the target node is within the ith dynamic topological ring of the super node A according to the determined distance between the super node A and the target node; and if the super node of the super nodes in the ith dynamic topological ring of the super node A closest to the target node is the super node A, establishing the route between the super node A and the target node. Topology is constructed by adopting a dynamic topological ring mechanism of the super node, so that the embodiment of the invention overcomes the disadvantage of network matching and is suitable for the route searching in an integral network.


Mobile Adhoc Network(MANETs) is a collection of mobile node s that communicate by forming a network dynamically that lacks fixed infrastructure and centralized control. Secure routing is of at most importance in such networks because of dynamically changing topologies, abse nce of centralized monitoring points and lack of clear lines of defense. This paper discusses a fool proof key exchange mecha nism nd a network model to protect the network containing malicious nodes. The reputation of a node increases a s long as the node transfers the message properly and decreases otherwise. Moreover, it has minimum computation and communication overhead which makes it viable.


We present the results of measuring the three viscometric functions [the relative viscosity ηr, and the first (N1) and second (N2) normal stress differences] for nominally monosize sphere suspensions in a silicone fluid, which is nominally Newtonian. The measurements of ηr and N1−N2 were made with a parallel-plate rheometer, while we used the open semicircular trough method to give N2 directly. With the trough method measurements of N2 could be made down to a 10% concentration (φ=0.1); measurements were continued up to 45% concentration. The trough surface shows visually that N2 is directly proportional to the shear stress τ, and the measurements of N2 agree quite well with the results of Zarraga et al. [J. Rheol. 44, 185–220 (2000)] in the range where concentrations overlap (0.3–0.45) and with those of later investigators. The results for N1 show greater scatter. In the range 0.1≤φ≤0.45, our best estimate of N2/τ is −4.4φ3 and that of N1/τ is −0.8φ3. Hence, the magnitude of N2 is much greater than that o...


ABSTRACT Norwegian elderly people today are clearly more aware of public help and services compared to the late 1960s, and a growing number of them prefer public rather than family help. A study in Oslo found that a majority would turn to the public services when in need of long-term help, even when children were living close by. Children or other informal helpers were preferred over the public services only when there was a need for short-term assistance. The growing preference for public help is taken primarily as a response to increased availability of public services, and not as a reflection of weaker inter-generational solidarity.


Abstract: The present paper aims at investigating the role of court officials in the judicial system of Umma during the Ur III period. For this purpose, a prosopographical study of judges, commissioners, military men, merchants, and other members of the royal, provincial and local administrations has been made. In conclusion, a judicial system with the governor as the highest authority, but with a strong presence of the royal administration, and particularly of the military, is sketched.


Reactive comb (RC) polymers with different molecular architectures have been successfully synthesized by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate (MMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), and a series of MMA macromer with different molecular weights. The prepared RC polymers with different lengths of side chains were applied as compatibilizers in an immiscible poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PLLA/PVDF) blend, and it was found that the RC polymers with moderate length of side chain (e.g., Mn = 4800 g mol–1) displayed better compatibilizing efficiencies than RC polymers with short side chain (e.g., Mn = 2400 g mol–1) and let alone the reactive linear (RL) polymers without side chains. The thus obtained PLLA/PVDF blends with PLLA as a matrix will provide excellent adhesion with the surfaces of the metals and cells, and it was found that RC polymers endowed the PLLA/PVDF blend with excellent toughness and the RC-compatibilized blend could be uniaxially stretched to a maximum draw ratio of 5 at room tempera...


This paper attempts to view at the development of Islamic thought in the study of economics and economic growth. In particular, it attempts to explore the similarities and differences between Islamic ideas about economics and to construct economic growth thought and how it used to bridge the gap. The analysis starts from Muslim thought Ibn Khaldun, Al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah. In addition, the study looked at how the views of classical Islamic scholars had entered into the idea of economic growth. Suggestions will be made on how the gap can be bridged or made closer to contemporary economic thought and economic direction of the country's future.


AbstractParticle breakage has a great influence on stress-strain behaviors of rockfill materials. A new relative breakage was proposed for rockfill materials. A critical state line incorporating particle breakage was termed as a breakage critical state line (BCSL). It was found that the BCSL position of rockfill materials pertained to the relative breakage. An elastoplastic model considering state dependence and particle breakage was proposed for rockfill materials. The effect of particle breakage was incorporated into the proposed state parameter, dilatancy stress ratio, stress dilatancy relation, bounding stress ratio, and plastic modulus in the proposed model. The model considering particle breakage can well predict the stress-strain and particle-breakage behaviors of rockfill materials at various confining pressures.


which have been shown for Fukushima; but also Bhopal; and can one ignore such small matters as DDT, dioxin, cancer and cigarettes and low level radioactivity? Alas, the record of industry and government in matters of industrial pollution is shameful and habitual; yet the forces of society in reply are feeble, outmanoeuvred or simply ignored (e.g. Bhopal!), and prone to human weakness such as depression and the lack of financial resources. One reason for the success of inertia and the publication of denial is the profitable alliance of advertising, business, the media and government. This is partly inspected by the current Leveson Inquiry in London; but such a mechanism will certainly not be encouraged in the USA or China. Gerould notes that mercury emissions from Asia are caused by coal combustion and economic development; and that another problem is that fluorescent lights use mercury. We advocate energy conservation, but must also advocate pollution control. How to square the circles? Waste disposal – rubbish collection, scavenging – is enormously important. We may be sure that governments are uninterested, and no newspaper will call for action when it is more amusing to talk salacious drivel about wrongly celebrated nonentities. Thus, a book which is as accessible as Life magazine or the UNESCO Courier should be held up to view and praised. Bank makes a most important point (p. xi) when he states that he was urged in 2004 to write a book on mercury pollution. He realised that no book had 'a solid focus on aspects related to human dimensions (sic) and new topics such as advances in mercury isotope chemistry'. Even today the distinction between 'science' and 'society' is widely accepted, by persons who should know better but who are really very poor at thinking in the connected way required by ecology. To separate matters is, naturally, a valuable gift to the deniers and minimisers of reality; for they can exaggerate a degree of uncertainty about the science or emphasise the need for a balanced approach while at the same time doing nothing to promote work which bears on the complexity of matters which must be confronted. Women like Rachel Carson or men like Derek Bryce-Smith can always be chastised for their approaches by apparently immune purists or 'sensible people' who appear to be motivated by good, but frequently compromise with evil. Yet, the integration of science and society, the interdisciplinary mode of thinking and the effort to act effectively so that human values and human life may be conserved with the biota on which they depend may not be mocked or set aside without long-term, adverse consequences. Part I concerns mercury cycling in the environment. Party II is on methods for research, monitoring and analysis. Part III is on mercury in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Part IV is on toxicology. This is a rich, well written, well edited and not aggressive collection. Chapter 15 on mercury and public health is a measured but alarming assessment. It would be beneficial to many governments if their chief scientists read this book.


Honey products company Comvita wrote off $20.1 million of goodwill in 2019, after the Chinese government's crackdown on the 'daigou' trade in branded Manuka honey. The research objective is to examine critically the meaning of business goodwill. Employers have managerial prerogatives. A prerogative, by its definition, has no basis in law. When employees develop filial-style relationships with customers, their employers realize for themselves a property called business goodwill. The research question asks how a filial relationship between the employee exercising work-related knowledge and a buyer enjoying the process of continuing to buy from the employee, can constellate as capital in the employer. Argument tries to show that business goodwill, as property, is a false articulation of the relations of production among people in the workplace. The research paradigm traverses both capitalist and socialist law, so that the article's research methodology conducts a meta-legal critical analysis. Goodwill is an ideologically based precept for state-controlled economic relations of production, by presenting goodwill rhetorically as property. The filial custom of relations of production developed between the workers and the customers are transferred to private businesses, by an administrative prerogative act abolishing the filial custom and replacing it with the state's dominant property ideology.


We present a proposal of a course designed to introduce Fractal Geometry, in a meaningful way, to graduate students of Graphic Design, using Logo-based activities; we also present some results of the study we carried out to evaluate this proposal. The implementation of Fractals to Graphic Design responds to the need to handle new tools for the graphic designer that will allow him create new and more innovative design products. The challenge we faced was to produce a pedagogic proposal that would facilitate meaningful learning, so that students would be able to apply the new knowledge in their work.


The environmental degradation have been concerned by many previous scholars claimed that the high demand for sustainable practices particularly in manufacturing sector due to the large amount and wide distribution of energy consumption. It is an urgent task for organizations to implement the innovation to cope with this issue. Apart from that, most scholars have suggested various possible solutions. Regrettably, very few studies have examined the importance of intellectual capital related to green protection known as green intellectual capital to achieve better performance. Furthermore, as the manufacturing is the main sector that focus on the transformation of low-carbon economy required organizations to keep themselves learned and updated about their business challenges. In spite of that, the role of management that facilitate learning to each member which under the concept of organizational learning capability is very important to obtain superior performance. Data were gathered from 168 manufacturing SMEs in Malaysia, and analysed using Partial Least Square approach. Results show that green relational capital has positive relationship with organizational learning capability while green human capital and green structural did not. Finally, the implications, limitations and future studies are discussed.


When female Pacific herring were exposed to low ppb levels of benzene for 48 hr just prior to spawning, a significant reduction occurred in survival of ovarian eggs and resultant embryos and larvae through yolk absorption. Reduction in survival was: for ovarian eggs, approximately 10-25%; for embryos from fertilization to hatching, 26%; and for embryos and larvae through yolk absorption, 43%. Exposure to benzene also induced premature spawning and resulted in aberrant swimming behavior and disequilibrium in adults of both sexes. It is probable that in the estuary, if chronically exposed over a longer time period to low ppb levels of aromatic components, the populations could be seriously affected. If fishes prove generally to be most sensitive to petroleum components during their spawning seasons, fishery management decisions should take this factor into consideration in protecting the resources. (1 graph, 13 references, 5 tables)


A series of O,N-chelated vanadium(IV) oxo bis(phenolate) complexes (1a-i) have been prepared from [VOCl2(THF)2] and several ortho-amino-functionalized phenols in the presence of a base. The intermediates in the synthesis of these compounds are mono(phenolato)vanadate complexes, as was shown by the reaction of [VOCl2(THF)2] with 1 equiv of HOC6H2(CH2NMe2)2-2,6-Me-4 in the absence of base. This yielded [VOCl2(OC6H2(CH2NMe2)-2-Me-4-(CH2NHMe2)-6)] (2), in which the second amine function acts as an internal base, assisting in binding the formed equivalent of HCl. Complex 2 exists in the solid state as the dichlorovanadate(IV) species with the protonated amine function forming a three-centered intramolecular hydrogen bridge in which both a chloride atom and the oxygen atom of the phenolate ligand participate. EPR, UV-vis, and cyclic voltammetry analysis of the complexes with meta or para substituents (1a-g) on the aryloxy ring showed the hyperfine coupling constant, the HOMO-LUMO transition, and the oxidation potential, respectively, to be linearly related to the Hammett constants of the substituents on the monoanionic aryloxy ring. The oxidation potential shows a large dependence (dEox/d = 170 mV (per phenoxy ligand)) on the Hammett constant. Crystal data: 1a, orthorombic, Pbca, a = 9.4321(7) A, b = 14.1919(14) A, c = 26.5484(14) A, V = 3553.8(5), A3, Z = 8; 2, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 17.9977(15) A, b = 15.7445(9) A, c = 14.4986(6) A, = 113.206(5), V = 3776.0(4) A3, Z = 4.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of schisandrin and catalpol in Jinji Zhongfeng No. 1 Granules. Methods Catalpol and schisandrin were determined by HPLC method, respectively. Catalpol was determined with acetonitrile- 0.1% phosphoric acid(1∶99) as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. Schisandrin was determined by methanol – water(75∶25) as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 250 nm. Results The liner ranges of catalpol and schisandrin were 4.25 — 68.00 μg/mL(r=0.999 9), 4.00 — 32.00 μg/mL(r=0.999 9). The average recoveries were 100.22%,and 100.49%, with RSD values of 1.05%,and 1.25%(n=9), respectively. Conclusion The method is specific, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the quality control of catalpol and schisandrin for Jinji Zhongfeng No. 1 Granules.


The error terms in least squares linear regression are assumed to be normally distributed with equal variance (homoskedastic), and independent of one another. If any of these distributional assumptions are violated, several of the desirable properties of a least squares fit may not hold. A variety of statistical tests of the assumptions is available. The following are recommended for reasons of ease of use and discriminating power: the K2 test for testing for non-normality, either the Durbin-Watson test or the Q-test for testing for autocorrelation, and either Szroeter's or White's test for testing for heteroskedasticity. The assumptions should be tested in this order; violating one of the assumptions may invalidate the results of subsequent tests. A microcomputer-based software package for least squares linear regression that incorporates the above tests is introduced. Key words: normality, homoskedasticity, independence


In this note we use A. Robinson's [5] nonstandard analysis to give an elementary proof of the almost everywhere convergence of an L-bounded submartingale. Here, the index set / is a countable subset of the real numbers R; we assume that J contains the natural numbers N, but any cofinal subset of R will do. The continuous parameter martingale convergence theorem usually reduces to the case considered here. Our proof does not use the notion of a stopping time. It does employ a nonstandard criterion for almost everywhere convergence and demonstrates the usefulness of that criterion. It also produces the limit function. We shall use the notation from [4] to which we refer the reader for further details about nonstandard analysis in general. We assume that we are working with a fixed «i-saturated, nonstandard extension of a standard structure. Of course, *R and *N denote the nonstandard extensions of R and N, and a s b means that a — b is infinitesimal in *R. If (X, J^, //) is an internal measure space and g: X -+ *R U { — °o> +00} is internal and «^-measurable, then (following K. Stroyan) we shall say that g = 0 nearly surely (n.s.) when the following holds: For some infinitesimal e > 0, M(\S\ > e) = 0. Clearly, g = 0 n.s. if and only if for each s > 0 in R, Misi > e) < e. We now establish a nonstandard criterion for almost everywhere convergence. Here, as later, y denotes a countable subset of R with N <= J. The ordering on J is the ordering inherited from R. We shall use n, m, and k to denote natural numbers, while / and j will denote elements of J or *y. Moreover, {/: n ^ / :g m} will denote the set of indices in just J~ with n g / g m, while if 7and 7] are in *N — N, then {/: 7^ / ^ yj] will denote the set of indices in *</ with 7^ / ^ rj. Given n e N, \Jt^n A{ will denote U {A{: ieS, i ^ «}.


Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disorder accounting for 0.5% to 5% of parathyroid neoplasia. Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma in fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is difficult because ail characteristic features of parathyroid carcinoma can be recognized in parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. Cellular atypism cannot be used for the diagnostic criteria of parathyroid carcinoma as malignancies of most other organs. We experienced two cases of cytologic features of parathyroid carcinoma confirmed by histologic examination. The majority of tumor cells formed large cohesive clusters, although individual tumor cells were also present. The tumor cells displayed rather pleomorphic round to oval nuclei, occasional prominent nucleoli, and distinct cytoplasmic margin. Occasionally karyolysis, anuclear cells, and nonepithelial cell clusters were noted. The histologic findings showed a partially lobulated architecture, with admixture of sheets of chief cells, oxyphil cells, and occasional water clear cells. The tumor infiltrated into the thyroid parenchyme and perithyroidal soft tissue. The electron microscopic study of case 1 disclosed typical findings of parathyroid neoplasm; clusters of secretory chief cells with centrally located round to ovoid nuclei, moderately clumped heterochromatins and one or two nucleoli. The tumor cells showed conspicous interdigitation of contiguous ceil membrane and intercellular microvilli.


Al-Qaradawi's contribution to the development of contemporary Islamic economics is very profound. Many Muslim economists subscribe to his opinions, and some banking institutions and insurance companies have even adopted his views as their general policies. It is very unfortunate, however, that such a great contribution has not been well researched. It is the intention of this research to fill up this lacuna by making it accessible to the prospective readers. The objective of this study is mainly to introduce Al-Qaradawi's economic thought and its relevance to contemporary development of Islamic economics discourse. For this purpose, the research attempts to shed some light on selected contributions that he has made to the current discourse of interest in the banking system. In connection to this, his conceptions and approaches to issues and problems in contemporary Islamic economics are also explored. It argues that Al-Qaradawi's works on Islamic economic missed the empirical test to provide evidence of the strength and the reliability of his data theories and concepts, particularly on the topic of zakat, poverty and environment. Keywords: interest, Islamic economics, Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, Islamic legal thought


Wakolbinger, Tina; Fabian, Frances; and Kettinger, William J. (2013) "IT-enabled Interorganizational Information Sharing Under Co-opetition in Disasters: A Game-Theoretic Framework,"Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 33, Article 5.Available at:http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol33/iss1/5


OVERVIEW The O.J. Simpson " trial of the century " in the mid-1990s captured the attention of the American populace more than any other public spectacle since the kidnaping of the Lindberg baby in the 1920s. A prominent football player and popular sportscaster was charged with a gruesome double homicide. The attorneys for the prosecution and defense were of various races and genders. The evidence presented on each side was at times amazingly simple, visual, and emotional, and at times was verbal, abstract, and probably incomprehensible to jurors. The witnesses included individuals of diverse styles, demeanors, and credibility. The jurors, the recipients of the messages from these various sources, were themselves a mixed group of people of diverse backgrounds, beliefs, and personal experiences who had to sift through the trial material and arrive at a decision as to whether the defendant had been proven guilty or not. The context in which all of this took place was at times tense and sad, and at times filled with humor and positive feelings. Not surprisingly, no experiment has ever captured the extraordinary complexity inherent in this situation, yet almost all of the variables present in this trial (and many not present) have been examined in the social psychological literature on attitude formation and change. This chapter provides an overview of research on these diverse variables and addresses the processes by which these variables are thought to result in influence. Although it has become a cliché to say that the attitude construct is the most indispensable concept in contemporary social psychology, this statement appears as true today as when Allport (1935) initially wrote it in reviews of the attitude concept). Attitudes remain important as we enter the 21st century because of the fundamental role that individuals' attitudes, both explicit and implicit (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995), play in the critical choices people make regarding their own health and security as well as those of their families, friends, and nations. From purchase decisions provoked by liking for a product to wars spurned by ethnic prejudices, attitudes help to determine a wide variety of potentially consequential outcomes. Before turning to the relevant studies, it is useful to address some definitional issues. The term attitude is used to refer to a person's overall evaluation of persons (including oneself), objects, and issues. Thus, one's attitude refers to how favorably or unfavorably or how positively or negatively in general …


There are two different offences of assaulting a police officer under South Australian legislation and the police may choose which offence they are to charge an offender with.


The dissociative photoionization of tert-butyl methyl methacrylate, a monomer unit found in many ESCAP resists, was investigated in a gas phase photoelectron photoion coincidence experiment employing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) synchrotron radiation at 13.5 nm. It was found that the interaction of EUV photons with the molecules leads almost exclusively to dissociation. However, the ionization can also directly deprotect the ester function, thus inducing the solubility switch wanted in a resist film. These results serve as a building block to reconstruct the full picture of the mechanism in widely used chemically amplified resist thin films, provide a knob to tailor more performant resist materials, and will aid interpreting advanced ultrafast time-resolved experiments.


Science is free of the main vice of religion, which is faith. 1 —Richard Dawkins The great naturalist [Charles Darwin] did not abandon Abrahamic and other religious dogmas because of his discovery of evolution by natural selection, as one might reasonably suppose. The reverse occurred. The shedding of blind faith gave him the intellectual fearlessness to explore human evolution wherever logic and evidence took him. —Edward. O. Wilson


This paper seeks to illustrate the effectiveness of remedial measures ordered by the Inter-American Human Rights Court. In the authors' view, this is one of the situations which currently require a careful study and immediate actions of States, organs of the Inter-American System and civil society organizations. In particular, the authors seek to highlight some important issues, especially the notion of integral reparations (Chapter 1), the legal nature of the judgments of the Inter-American Court and the consequences of the absence of compliance of such remedial measures (Chapter 2), the actual compliance of the States in relation to remedial measures ordered by the Court HR (Chapter 3), and the different obstacles in the States' compliance and unfilled criteria in some measures ordered by the Court HR (Chapter 4). Hence, the article deals with the question of whether the remedies ordered by the Court HR and the modalities for compliance really achieve their true aim: full compensation to victims of human rights' violations. At the end, the authors discuss some proposals, in order to help the achievement of such goal.


Thomson Legal and Regulatory participated in the CLIR task of the NTCIR-3 workshop. We submitted formal runs for monolingual retrieval in Japanese and Chinese, and for bilingual retrieval from English to Japanese. Our main focus was in Japanese retrieval. We compared word-based and character-based index- ing, as well as query formulation using characters and character bigrams. Our results show that word- based and bigram-based retrieval show similar perfor- mance for most query formulation approaches, while they outperform character-based retrieval. For Chi- nese retrieval, we compared using single characters with using character bigrams. We also introduced a structured query to leverage both. Our results are con- sistent with previous work, where character bigrams were shown to have better performance than single characters. The structured query approach is promis- ing, but requires more analysis. In our bilingual runs, queries were translated using a machine-readable dic- tionary. Translated terms were resegmented to match indexing units. Our results, so far, are inconclusive, as we experienced unexpected query formulation issues especially in our word-based approach.


The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell of the hydrous electrolyte thin film having an emissivity that varies as a function of the control voltage applied. The cell is formed of a flexible element below which are closely overlapped respectively. These elements, the first current collectors of electrically conductive material which is intended to be connected to the first potential of the control voltage (11), PVDF-HFP, PEO and, a compound containing an ion to complement the insertion material powder, mixture formed porous counter electrode (12), a porous separator (13) formed of a mixture of PVDF-HFP and PEO, is connected to the second potential cross possible control voltage of the ion second current collectors of electrically conductive material which is intended to Rukoto (14), PVDF-HFP, PEO, and was formed of a mixture of powders of electrically conductive material porous electrically conductive layer (15), PVDF mixtures of -HFP and PEO, and includes powder of the insertion material, in which is formed a porous active layer (16).


In this paper, the law of radial index distribution in the lithium glass selfoc lens manufactured by one-step ion exchange technique has been analyzed. The optical distribution obtained with this method and its technical conditions have been derived. A new way of using molten salt with some Li+ and exchanging ions in more than one step has been proposed. Calculation shows that the selfoc lens manufactured with this new method has a greatly improved index distribution.


In contrast to classical physics, general relativity (GR) interprets gravity as geometry. Objects follow geodesic curves in four-dimensional spacetime and curvature creates the illusion of a gravitational force. Despite the scientific relevance of this theory, educational research in the domain of GR is scarce. This study contributes to a growing body of knowledge concerning secondary students' understanding of GR. Based on a thematic analysis of audio records of student discussions of 97 Norwegian physics students (18-19 years), we present results on students' understanding of geodesic movement in spacetime. Our findings can give guidance to improve learning and instruction of a key concept of GR at the upper secondary school level.


A test of potting methods used to control soil water was applied to study the physiological characteristics and drought resistance of five plants used for highway shoulder greening and ecological restoration in northern China.Leaf water potential,photosynthesis parameters and fluorescence parameters of five plants were measured under four levels of water stress.The drought resistance of the plants was evaluated to study the average rate of change in various parameters. The results show:(1) as water stress increased,leaf water potential(ΨL),net photosynthesis(Pn),transpiration(Tr),and stomatal conductance(GS) of the five plants gradually decreased;as water stress increased,water use efficiency(WUE) of the five plants first increased and then decreased but the internal CO2(Ci) of the five plants first decreased and then increased.There were some differences in the changing amplitudes and inflection points of the physiological indices.Sedum spectabile and Iris lactea var.chinensis had relatively small average rates of change,while Opisthopappus taihangensis and Saponaria officinalis had relatively large average rates of change.(2) The Ci of S.spectabile and I.lactea var.chinensis reached a minimum value under moderate water stress(W2),while the Ci of Parthenocissus quinquefolia,O.taihangensis and S.officinalis reached a minimum value under mild water stress(W1).Changes in Gs and Ci under water stress were reflected in changes in Pn;the decrease in Pn observed in S.spectabile and I.lactea var.chinensis were mainly caused by stomatal limitation resulting from the change from a normal water supply(CK) to moderate water stress(W2),while non-stomatal factors caused the changes observed under severe water stress(W3).The decrease in Pn in P.quinquefolia,O.taihangensis and S.officinalis was mainly caused by stomatal limitation under normal water supply conditions(CK) and mild water stress(W1),and by non-stomatal factors under moderate water stress(W2) and severe water stress(W3).WUE of S.spectabile and I.lactea var.chinensis had the highest under moderate water stress.WUE of P.quinquefolia,O.taihangensis and S.officinalis had the highest under mild water stress.(3) As water stress increased,initial inflorescence(Fv),maximum inflorescence(Fm),the ratio of variable to maximum(Fv/Fm),or initial inflorescence(Fv/Fo) of the five plants decreased gradually and Fo of the five plants increased gradually.This indicated the energy of PSII was transformed into a reduction in photochemical energy and additional energy was lost as heat and through fluorescence,which led to reduced photosynthesis.(4) The drought resistance of the five plants was evaluated by principal component analysis based on the average rate of change of each plant under water stress.The comprehensive drought evaluation indices of S.spectabile and S.officinalis/O.taihangensis were the highest(0.898) and lowest(0.125),respectively.The drought resistance order follows: S.spectabile I.lactea var.chinensis P.quinquefolia O.taihangensis S.officinalis.The results of cluster analysis shows S.spectabile and I.lactea var.chinensis were the most drought resistant plants,P.quinquefolia exhibited a medium level of drought resistance,and O.taihangensis and S.officinalis had poor drought resistance.


We present a GRANAT/SIGMA observation of the soft gamma-ray afterglow immediately after GRB 920723. The main burst is very bright. After 6 s, the burst light curve makes a smooth transition into an afterglow where flux decays as t 0:7 . The power-law decay lasts for at least 1000 s; beyond this time, the afterglow emission is lost in the background fluctuations. At least 20% of main burst energy is emitted in the afterglow. At approximately 6 s after the trigger, we also observe an abrupt change in the burst spectrum. At t< 6 s, the ratio of 8-20 and 75-200 keV fluxes corresponds to the power law spectral index =0 :0-0:3 .A tt =6 s, the value of increases to 1 and stays at this level afterwards. The observed afterglow characteristics are discussed in connection with the relativistic fireball model of gamma-ray bursts.


Perfusion imaging is often used for diagnosis and for assessment of the response to the treatment. If perfusion can be measured during interventional procedures, it could lead to quantitative, more efficient and accurate treatment; however, imaging modalities that allow continuous dynamic scanning are not available in most of procedure rooms. Thus, we developed a method to measure the perfusion-time attenuation curves (TACs)-of regions-of-interest (ROIs) using xray C-arm angiography system with no gantry rotation but with a priori. The previous study revealed a problem of large oscillations in the estimated TACs and the lack of comparison with CT-based approaches. Thus the purposes of this study were (1) to reduce the variance of TDCs; and (2) to compare the performance of the improved PAP with that of the CT-based perfusion method. Our computer simulation study showed that the standard deviation of PAP method was decreased by 10.7-59.0% and that it outperformed (20× or 200× times) higher dose CT methods in terms of the accuracy, variance, and the temporal resolution.


Magnetic spectrometers detect the rigidity of charged particles by measuring the bending of their trajectories as they pass through a magnetic field. ARCOS is a proposal for a next generation magnetic spectrometer in space with a bending strength of 3 T$\,$m at an operating temperature of 20 K. ARCOS is based on a 12-coil toroidal HTS magnet. Within the HTS Demonstrator Magnet for Space (HDMS) project, we have designed and built AMaSED-2, a small-scale demonstrator coil for the ARCOS magnet. AMaSED-2 consists of two individually built no-insulation HTS ReBCO pancake coils with racetrack-like shapes. The exclusion of electrical insulation material between adjacent winding turns enables self-protection against quenches. The winding blocks are surrounded by copper bands functioning as current leads and layer jumps. AMaSED-2 is supported by a lightweight mechanical structure made from aluminum alloy. We describe the design of AMaSED-2 and present a simple mathematical circuit model for no-insulation coils.


Submitted for the OSS12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Longitudinal Waves in Strongly Coupled Two-ring Dust Chains W.L. THEISEN, T.E. SHERIDAN, Ohio Northern University — A strongly coupled two-ring dust chain of micron sized particles is created experimentally in an RF generated plasma. The two rings with different radii are confined in a circular potential well and longitudinal dust lattice waves are transmitted along the chain. The dispersion relation is measured and compared to theory. W. L. Theisen Ohio Northern University Date submitted: 16 Mar 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


Aim  The strawberry poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, has undergone a remarkable radiation of colour morphs in the Bocas del Toro archipelago in Panama. This species shows extreme variation in colour and pattern between populations that have been geographically isolated for < 10,000 years. While previous research has suggested the involvement of divergent selection, to date no quantitative test has examined this hypothesis.


The hydrophilic groups are introduced into a multifunctional phenolic epoxy resin F-51 by chemical modification, while maintaining the epoxy groups as much as possible, which is neutralized to form the title water reducible epoxy resin system. The influence of amount of reactants on water solubility and stability in water system is studied. The optimum raw materials formulation, reaction temperature and time are finalized. The structure of final product is characterized by use of infrared spectrum. It has shown that the modified F-51 epoxy resin can form a stable water solution of emulsion with water at various ratios.


This study evaluated the impact of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 250 mg l−1) in wash water on transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium from contaminated lettuce to wash water and then to other noncontaminated lettuces washed sequentially in the same water. Experiments were designed mimicking the conditions commonly seen in minimally processed vegetable (MPV) processing plants in Brazil. The scenarios were as follows: (1) Washing one inoculated lettuce portion in nonchlorinated water, followed by washing 10 noninoculated portions sequentially. (2) Washing one inoculated lettuce portion in chlorinated water followed by washing five noninoculated portions sequentially. (3) Washing five inoculated lettuce portions in chlorinated water sequentially, followed by washing five noninoculated portions sequentially. (4) Washing five noninoculated lettuce portions in chlorinated water sequentially, followed by washing five inoculated portions sequentially and then by washing five noninoculated portions sequentially in the same water. Salm. Typhimurium transfer from inoculated lettuce to wash water and further dissemination to noninoculated lettuces occurred when nonchlorinated water was used (scenario 1). When chlorinated water was used (scenarios 2, 3 and 4), no measurable Salm. Typhimurium transfer occurred if the sanitizer was ≥10 mg l−1. Use of sanitizers in correct concentrations is important to minimize the risk of microbial transfer during MPV washing.


Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between psychosocial adjustment and personality traits since research regarding psychosocial adjustment and variables that influence adjustment in patients with limb amputation is relatively scarce.
Methods: There were 63 (81% male) participants in this study. The sample consisted of 51 men and 12 women between the ages of 27 and 86 (M = 56.63, SD = 13.35). The Next Big Five Inventory (BFI 2; Soto & John, 2017) was used to assess personality traits and The Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales – Revised (TAPES-R; Gallagher & MacLachlan, 2000) was used to measure psychosocial adjustment (general adjustment, social adjustment and adjustment to limitation).
Results: Extraversion was positively and negative emotionality negatively associated with general adjustment. No significant associations were found between social adjustment and personality traits. Extraversion, agreeableness and open-mindedness correlated positively with adjustment to limitation. Similar pattern of associations was found between personality facets and general adjustment and adjustment to limitation. The strongest associations were found with negative emotionality facet depression.
Conclusions: Results indicate that personality traits are associated with psychosocial adjustment in patients with limb amputation. Since this finding can be useful for adaptation to amputation, further research in larger samples is needed.


It is extremely important to identify cracked plates, because they may cause the armor to fail when it is needed most.


Author(s): Galas, Lara | Advisor(s): Gillman, Susan | Abstract: This dissertation, American Souths: Reading Social Markers through the Landscape, highlights the unconventional contributions of nineteenth-century novels under the umbrella set of "American literature." This project unsettles and realigns some of the most enduring literary historical categories—realism and naturalism, regionalism, local color, and dialect literature—by thinking of the novels organized within these categories through their representations of landscape. Read as landscape literature and valued for their location in and commitment to the local, this group of novels by Ruiz de Burton, Jackson, and Hopkins as well as Cable, Chopin, Delany and Du Bois, consistently explore multi-lingual, multi-ethnic, and global politics. Their many descriptions of interior and exterior spaces narrate social markers like race, gender, and class in surprisingly similar ways. Each writer, while associated with a distinct US region, thus speaks from a similar perspective, producing critical openings to engage in comparative global conversations that unsettle American exceptionalism and the so-called stability of the nation-state. My project reorients not only spatial categories but also the temporal divisions underlying periodization, thinking outside the nineteenth-century paradigm to gesture back toward pre-California and the hemispheric South. By emphasizing how the colonial residues of the Spanish, French, and Mexican empires persist in the nineteenth century, the project foregrounds American literatures in languages other than English and thus contributes to comparative, transnational approaches to American literature.


Electrospun polyaniline nanofibers are one of the most promising materials for cardiac tissue engineering due to their tunable electroactive properties. Moreover, the biocompatibility of polyaniline nanofibes can be improved by grafting of adhesive peptides during the synthesis. In this paper, we describe the biocompatible properties and cardiomyocytes proliferation on polyaniline electrospun nanofibers modified by hyperbranched poly-L-lysine dendrimers (HPLys). The microstructure characterization of the HPLys/polyaniline nanofibers was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the application of electrical current stimulates the differentiation of cardiac cells cultured on the nanofiber scaffolds. Both electroactivity and biocompatibility of the HPLys based nanofibers suggest the use this material for culture of cardiac cells and opens the possibility of using this material as a biocompatible electroactive 3-D matrix in cardiac tissue engineering.


This study investigates the transient behavior of an electro-thermal drilling probe (ETDP) during a close-contact melting process within a glacier. In particular, the present work analyzes the effect of the tip temperature on the formation of molten thin liquid films and the subsequent rate of penetration (ROP) through numerical simulation. We used the commercial code of ANSYS Fluent (v.17.2) to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation, together with an energy equation considering the solidification and melting model. The ROP of the drilling probe is determined based on the energy balance between the heating power and melting rate of ice. As the results, the ETDP penetrates the ice through a close-contact melting process. The molten liquid layer with less than 1 mm of thickness forms near the heated probe tip. In addition, the ROP increases with the heated temperature of the probe tip.


By using a chiral quark cluster model for a system of two nonstrange baryons, we analyze the consequences of the symmetry requirements from the underlying quark structure. Quark Pauli and dynamical correlations are studied putting the emphasis in the different repulsive mechanisms implied in the NN (nucleon-nucleon) and {Delta}{Delta} systems. We find an alternative explanation for the short-range repulsion in the NN system, up to now attributed to the one-gluon exchange potential. A {Delta}{Delta} interaction, derived from a basic quark-quark potential fitted to the NN sector, is studied in detail. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


The field of inverse problems is a fast-developing domain of research originating from the practical demands of finding the cause when a result is observed. The woodpecker, searching for insects, is probing a tree using sound waves: the information searched for is whether there is an insect or not, hence a 0–1 decision. When the result has to contain more information, ad hoc solutions are not at hand and more sophisticated methods have to be developed. Right from its first appearance, the field of inverse problems has been characterized by an interdisciplinary nature: the interpretation of measured data, reinforced by mathematical models serving the analyzing questions of observability, stability and resolution, developing efficient, stable and accurate algorithms to gain as much information as possible from the input and to feedback to the questions of optimal measurement configuration. As is typical for a new area of research, facets of it are separated and studied independently. Hence, fields such as the theory of inverse scattering, tomography in general and regularization methods have developed. However, all aspects have to be reassembled to arrive at the best possible solution to the problem at hand. This development is reflected by the first and still leading journal in the field, Inverse Problems. Founded by pioneers Roy Pike from London and Pierre Sabatier from Montpellier, who enjoyably describes the journal's nascence in his book Rêves et Combats d'un Enseignant-Chercheur, Retour Inverse [1], the journal has developed successfully over the last few decades. Neither the Editors-in-Chief, formerly called Honorary Editors, nor the board or authors could have set the path to success alone. Their fruitful interplay, complemented by the efficient and highly competent publishing team at IOP Publishing, has been fundamental. As such it is my honor and pleasure to follow my renowned colleagues Pierre Sabatier, Mario Bertero, Frank Natterer, Alberto Grünbaum and Bill Symes in their big footsteps, and I consider it a privilege to thank all that have contributed to the success of the journal. In its 30 years of existence, the journal has evolved from a trimestral to monthly print publication, now paralleled by an electronic version that has led to publication speeds unheard of when the journal began. This timely publication is especially important for younger researchers, but equally for experienced ones, who in that respect still feel young. In addition, the scope has changed to focus more precisely on the core of inverse problems, characterized, for example, by data errors, incomplete information and so on. In the beginning, fields where questions were considered to lead to inverse problems were listed in the journal's scope to make it clear that the problems being discussed were inverse problems in character. With the development of the solution methods, we now see that inverse problems are fundamental to almost all areas of research. The journal now hosts a number of additional features. With Insights we provide a platform for authors to introduce themselves and their work group, and present their scientific results in a popular and non-specialist form. Insights are made freely available on the journal website to ensure that they are seen by a wider community, beyond the immediate readership of the journal. Special issues are devoted to fields that have matured in such a way that the readers of our journal can profit from their presentation when the time for writing text books has not yet come. In addition, the different approaches taken by different contributors to a special issue disclose the multiple aspects of that field. With Topical reviews we aim to present the new ideas and areas that are stimulating future research. We are thankful that highly acclaimed authors take the time to present the research at the forefront of their respective fields. It is always very enlightening to read these articles as they introduce challenging research domains in condensed form. The diversity of the different topics is especially impressive. The 25th anniversary of Inverse Problems was celebrated with a service to the community, the publication of an issue of topical reviews selected by board members, which presented the achievements and state-of-the-art of the field. The 30th birthday of the journal is now approaching and we found it appropriate to include in the celebration the scientific community that supports the journal by their submissions. A conference, IPTA 2014: Inverse Problems – From Theory to Application (http://ipta2014.iopconfs.org/home), will be held in the home town of our publisher, IOP Publishing, in Bristol on 26–28 August 2014. The conference brings together top researchers, both from academia and industry, and will look at the scientific future of the field. Presentations by keynote speakers, which summarize what the board considers to be new trends, are complemented by contributions submitted by specialists and younger researchers in several minisymposia. To build a bridge to the future generation of researchers, a scientist at the beginning of their career will be giving a lecture. Let me finish with cordial thanks to all of our authors, referees, the members of the Editorial Board and International Advisory Panel, and the publishing team. I wish all of you a successful and healthy New Year and hope to meet many of you in August in Bristol. References [1] Sabatier P C 2012 Rêves et Combats d'un Enseignant-Chercheur, Retour Inverse (Paris: L'Harmattan)


Changes in life expectancy in Czechoslovakia since 1920 are examined by sex. The authors note that although life expectancy has increased over time, the trends since 1960 have been less favorable, particularly for men. The major causes of death are described. The authors suggest that further improvements in life expectancy will more likely be achieved through preventive measures rather than curative medicine. (summary in ENG, RUS)


The invention discloses an electrode anode material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to improve the safety of a lithium ion battery and reduce production cost. The electrode anode material is a composite material consisting of a substrate and a coating layer for coating the substrate, wherein the substrate is a graphite material with the carbon content of over 99.9 percent and is provided with nano micropores or nano pores; and the coating layer is a carbon material. The preparation method of the electrode anode material comprises the following steps of: oxidizing or reducing the graphite material, and performing solid-phase coating or liquid-phase coating on easily graphitized soft carbon or organic matter pyrolytic carbon. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the surface functional groups of a treating layer and/or the coating layer are controlled on the surface of the electrode anode material, and the treating layer and the coating layer are thin and uniform, so that the safety of the lithium ion battery is improved, the electrode anode material has high capacity and efficiency, the preparation process is simple, and the cost of the anode material is reduced.


Feed additives are important materials that can improve the efficiency of feed utilization and animals performance. This study was carried out to estimate the impacts of feeding different levels of molukhyia (jaw ' s mallow (J)) and parsley (P) as natural biological feed additives on body weight (BW), carcass characteristics, plasma glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity (GPX) and meat quality, and estimate the correlation coefficients among BW and GPX activity with each of carcass characteristics and meat quality of two commercial broiler strains (Cobb and Ross). The experimental treatments were as follows: 1-Control diet free from J or P (diet1). 2-Diet1+0.5%J. 3-Diet1+1%J. 4Diet1+0.5%P. 5Diet1+1%P. Results obtained could be summarized in the following: 1. No significant treatment, levels and type of J or P plant, were detected in BW and slaughter parameters% of Cobb broiler chicks. Also, treatments insignificantly affected BW and slaughter parameters% of Ross broiler chicks except carcass weight after evisceration and dressing%. Birds fed control+1%P diet had the significant highest carcass weight after evisceration and dressing%, while those fed control diet+1%J had the lowest values. 2. Treatments significantly affected moisture, ash and fat percentages of Cobb broiler meat. The highest moisture and ash% were observed in birds fed control diet+1%P, while, those fed control diet+1% J and 0.5% J had the lowest values. Birds fed control diet+0.5%J had the highest Mona, S. Ragab, et al 354 fat%, while birds fed control diet had the lowest fat%. Chicks fed J had significant higher fat and lower ash%, while, chicks fed P had higher ash and lower fat%. 3. The treatments significantly affected moisture and ash% of Ross broiler meat. Highest moisture and ash% were observed in birds fed control diet +0.5%P, while, those fed control diet+0.5%J had the lowest moisture and ash%. Type of plant significantly affected moisture and ash%. Ross broiler fed P had significant higher moisture and ash% than those fed J diet. 4. Plasma GPX enzyme activities from both strains were significantly affected by treatments and type of addition. Birds from Cobb strain fed control diet+1%P, had significant highest enzyme activity, while, those fed control diet+1 %J had the lowest values. Birds fed P had significant higher enzyme activity than those fed J. Birds from Ross strain fed control diet+0.5%J had significant highest enzyme activity, while, those fed control diet had the lowest values. Birds fed J had significant higher enzyme activity than those fed parsley. 5. The results indicated that birds of both strains fed on J and P had significant decrease in fat oxidation. Treatment, level and type of addition significantly affected water holding capacity (WHC) of Cobb and Ross broiler meat. Treatment significantly affected cooking losses% and pH of meat for both strains. Treatment and level of addition significantly affected taste meat of Cobb broiler chicks. Level of addition significantly affected taste of Cobb chicken meat. 6. Correlation coefficients estimate between BW and blood plasma GPX activity, carcass characteristics and meat quality for Cobb, Ross and both strains showed considerable variations of the correlation values between strains. In Cobb strain, BW had positive correlations with moisture%, breast pH, breast and thigh WHC, breast odor, breast and thigh peroxide value (PV). Whereas significant negative correlations were found between BW and each of gizzard%, total giblet%, thigh pH, breast texture, liver%, thigh cooking looses% and breast taste. In Ross strain, BW had positive correlation with GPX activity, blood&feathers%, gizzard% and breast PV while, it was negatively correlated with each of thigh and breast WHC, thigh pH, head%, heart%, carcass%, dressing%, moisture %, ash% and thigh PV. 7. In Cobb strain, GPX activity was positively correlated with each of heart%, spleen%, thigh texture, moisture%, ash%, protein%, breast Jaw's mallow, parsley, slaughter, meat, sensory, broiler, glutathione,. 355 general appearance, breast and thigh odor and negatively correlated with each of abdominal fat%, head and breast%. In Ross strain, GPX activity was positively correlated with blood&feathers%, gizzard%, breast PV. While, GPX activity was negatively correlated with moisture%, head%, heart%, thigh%, thigh meat%, breast and thigh WHC and thigh PV. In conclusion, the two broiler strains differed in response of studied traits to different levels of J and P, however, effects on the resulting carcass appear to be distinct and largely independent. The results indicated that feeding on diets containing P and J increased GPX activity and improve the chemical composition and meat quality. Also, the highly correlation values obtained suggested that, GPX activity can be done as prediction indicators to increase and improve BW, carcass characteristics and meat quality in selection programs to improve these traits of broiler chickens.


This study investigates the natural vibration of trapezoidal bi-stable laminates (TBL) with elastic supports at the midpoints of the median lines. Configuration of the midplane of the TBL is expressed by a polynomial with 17 parameters. Then, the first order shear deformation theory, curing temperature, and nonlinear strain displacement relations combining energy principles are applied to obtain the bi-stable shapes numerically. Three translational springs and two rotational springs are added at the midpoint of the median line in the trapezoidal bi-stable laminate to acquire elastic point supports. And, by varying the stiffness of the springs, arbitrary elastic point support boundary conditions can be achieved. Chebyshev polynomials are applied to characterize the mode shape function of the TBL. The vibration mode functions of the TBL are mapped to a square area under the new coordinate system by using the coordinate mapping method. Furthermore, the effects of geometry, layup sequence, and spring stiffness on the natural vibrations of the TBL are analyzed, which provides a reference for research in this field. The innovation and highlights lie in the following: (1) the natural frequencies and modes of trapezoidal bi-stable plates are solved; (2) arbitrary elastic support is achieved by a set of artificial springs; (3) the influences of spring stiffness, layer sequence, and trapezoidal base angle on the natural vibration of a trapezoidal bi-stable plate are studied.