TNF affects many cellular metabolic processes, regulates gene expression, and may induce apoptosis or necrosis dependent on cell type and conditions of exposure. TNF also induces specific alterations in mitochondrial morphology and biochemistry. Ultrastructurally, these alterations include a swollen appearance characterised by increased matrix space and reduced number of cristae [ 13. Biochemical abnormalities include inhibition of electron transport [2], generation of superoxide [ 1,3] and reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential [4]. Mitochondria have a central role in the apoptotic and necrotic processes, including in TNF-induced cytotoxicity [5], and TNF-induced functional mitochondrial damage precedes cytotoxicity. It has also recently been reported that TNF induces autophagy in an acute Tlymphoblastic leukemic cell line [6]. Autophagy is a major mechanism of intralysosomal proteolysis occurring in most cell types in both physiological and pathological states [7]. Autophagic vacuoles are formed when portions of the cytoplasm, sometimes including organelles, are surrounded by a sequestering membrane principally derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These double membrane-bound structures then fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes and acquire protein degradative capacity. Autophagy is an energy-requiring process that is responsible for an increase in proteolysis thus enabling an acute cellular response to change in energy availability or expenditure. Autophagy is also a predominant feature of programmed (active) cell death in highly synthetic or secretory cells (type I1 cell death) [8]. Type I1 cell death is morphologically distinct from apoptosis (type I cell death) which classically occurs in highly mitotically active cells and is characterised by predominantly nuclear morphological changes with little autophagy [8]. TNF effects on cells are mediated via two distinct cell-surface receptors of 55/60 kD (TNFR-I) and 75/80 kD (TNFR-II), which are ubiquitously expressed [9]. The receptors utilise both independent and shared intracellular signalling pathways to mediate a variety of effects on cells. Cytotoxic effects are, in the main, mediated by TNFR-I whilst TNFR-I1 has proliferative effects, at least in lymphoid cells. In this study we sought to a) investigate ultrastructural responses to TNF, b) determine which TNF receptor@) mediate these changes, and c) determine if these changes invariably lead to cytotoxicity. Murine 3T3-LI and human preadipocytes (which undergo TNFinduced apoptosis), murine WEHI 164 cells (which undergo TNFinduced necrosis) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (which are insensitive to TNF) were cultured +/TNF or receptorspecific TNF muteins. Ultrastructural analysis was undertaken by electron microscopy, and apoptosis and necrosis assayed using acridine orange andor annexin V. In all of the cell types studied TNF induced autophagy (Fig 1) in addition to classical mitochondrial morphological changes (Fig 2).


This paper carries on a research on the decision information of tactics in split second. The result shows: observation model of football players is different in different ground and competitive state. Observation model of split second in forward-middle ground is very important for shooting. It is disciplinarian and universality of observation model in split second in different player and competitive state.


Three novel diarylheptanoids, calyxin A (1), calyxin B (2) and 3-epi-calyxin B (3), have been isolated from ethanolic extract of seeds of Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. and their structures determined by the use of 2D NMR spectroscopy including NOE and HMBC experiments and chemical analyses.


Implicit in many studies of thyroidal function is the assumption that the rates of synthesis and degradation of thyroid hormone are equal (1-4). Yet this assumption has not been critically examined. Constancy of concentrations of serum precipitable iodine (SPI), particularly under conditions of environmental stress, need not indicate an equilibrium of this type, for interposed between the site of hormonal synthesis and the peripheral circulation is a large pool of stored hormone (1, 4-6). This pool is capable of maintaining, at least for a time, constancy of SPI, despite marked discrepancies between rates of hormonal production and degradation (7). A method has been devised for simultaneous estimation of the rate of degradation of thyroxine within the body and the rate of iodination of organic moieties within the thyroid gland.4 The equivalence of these two functions has been assessed in patients with diverse thyroidal states. In addition, the method has been applied to an evaluation of several factors which influence the degradation of thyroxine.


Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most aggressive female cancers in the world. OC trends to be diagnosed at an advanced stage with abdominal metastasis. Our study explored the biological function and underlying mechanism of lncRNA on OC cell proliferation and migration. The expression of turine up‐regulated gene 1 (TUG1) in human OC tissues and cell lines was measured by qRT‐PCR. OC cell proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion were measured by MTT assays, colony formation assays, and transwell assays in vitro. Furthermore, the nude mice xenograft model was established to determine the effects of TUG1 in vivo. The relationship between TUG1 and miR‐29b‐3p, as well as miR‐29b‐3p and MDM2 were identified using the luciferase reporter assays. We showed that the expression of TUG1 and MDM2 were significantly increased, but the expression of miR‐29b‐3p was remarkably decreased in OC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of TUG1 strongly inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. The relationship between TUG1 and miR‐29b‐3p, or miR‐29b‐3p and MDM2 were predicted by StarBase and miRanda online software. Besides, miR‐29b‐3p reversed the positive effect of TUG1 on the OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through inhibiting MDM2 expression and increasing p53 phosphorylation level. Moreover, knockdown of TUG1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Taken all together, this study shows that TUG1 plays a crucial oncogenic role and facilitates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OC through regulating miR‐29b‐3p/MDM2 axis.


Pollen is an important research material for the biological and morphological studies and plays a magic role in reproduction process of fruit species. Storage of pollen is very important stage of breeding studies. In this research, Pollens of 6 cherry laurel types and 2 sweet cherry cultivars was evaluated for germination following storage two years at room temperatures, in refrigerator (4 oC) and in deep-freezer (–25 oC). Germination was obtained in medium containing 0.5% agar, 15% sucrose and 5 ppm boric acid and tests were made at the end of 90, 180, 270 and 730 days. Cherry laurel pollens stored at room temperatures lost the germination ability faster than pollens stored at the 4 or -25 oC but nearly half of them still showed germination after 90 days. Among the cherry laurel types, type 36 gave the highest respect to storage with the best performance after 730 days storage period at -25 oC (59.62%) while type 25 pollens germination percentage was only 21.86%. Sweet cherry cultivars were more sensitive to storage conditions and pollen viability was completely lost for 0900 Ziraat cultivar after 90 days storage at the room temperature while Prime Giant germination percentage was only 2.05%. Germination of 0900 Ziraat and Prime Giant pollens stored at -25 oC was 21.54% and 33.50% respectively, at the end of 730 days storage period. These results provided preliminary information for the storage conditions of pollens and pollination in breeding programs of both of cherry laurel and sweet cherry species. * Corresponding Author: Melekber Sulusoglu  email@example.com International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print) 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 328-338, 2014


Construction laborers perform multiple labor intensive and physically demanding tasks, which exposes them to the risk of work related musculoskeletal disorders. When construction laborers sustain these injuries, they are typically reassigned to other tasks. The body motion involved in carrying out the assigned task should have limited use of the affected body part(s). This has implications on the productivity and health of a reassigned laborer. Traditional approach to reassigning laborers are subjective and ignores the effect of the tasks on the affected body part. To address this limitation, an ergonomic analysis framework is proposed to quantify the risk factors associated with body parts during the execution of construction tasks, so as to enable the reassignment of construction laborers to tasks that will impose the least strain on the affected body part. Preliminary results are provided to demonstrate feasibility.


3D Ultrasound (US) has been developed recently to image the intracranial ventricular system of pre-term neonates in order to monitor these patients for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and the resultant dilatation of the ventricles. 3D US is capable of providing volumetric ventricle measurements, compared to clinically used 2D US, relying on linear measurements from a single slice, and visual and quantitative estimates to determine the severity of ventricular dilatation. In this work, we propose a convex optimization-based segmentation approach for 3D US images of the cerebral ventricles in preterm neonates with IVH. The proposed semi-automatic segmentation method makes use of the latest development in convex optimization techniques supervised by user interactive information. Experiments using 25 3D US images of 5 patients (5 time points for each subject) show that our proposed approach yielded a mean DSC of 78.9% compared to a manually contoured surface. This GPU-implemented semi-automated approach reduced the time required per segmentation by 1200% (mean times: 2.5 vs. 30 minutes). In addition, the intra-observer variability experiments showed that the variability introduced by the user initialization is small in terms of DSC, demonstrating a low intra-user variability.


This editorial focuses on problems and opportunities in defining the new agenda for HIV counseling in the 1990s. The provision of regular and systematic counseling to HIV/AIDS infected persons has been taken up by health planners and AIDS committees worldwide and has been posed as key component of programs. The epidemic resulted in the emergence of new concerns about care of individuals and families necessitating redefinition of roles of health providers as well as patients rights. To make counseling services effective there is a need to address the challenges implicit in the emerging roles and functions with new and relative innovative approaches. Among these are the need to define and characterize counseling professional identity or structure counseling content confidentiality efficacy development of counseling services staffing and training. The solutions to many of these issues inevitably call for responses that recognize the cultural health social and resource specificity of different situations. In response the WHO Global Program on AIDS attempted to provide a working structure and functional agenda for HIV/AIDS counseling which emphasizes prevention of HIV transmission and support for the patient and family. The challenge of AIDS prevention and care lies in multifaceted approaches in which the counseling component requires ongoing support and stimulation of other initiatives.


The present invention is particularly, nucleic acids encoding for the production of 1-butanol and / or a precursor thereof, microorganisms are novel recombinant possible to use a CO, novel methyltransferases, and the same product relates to a method for producing the novel process for producing recombinant microorganisms using a methyltransferase, and 1-butanol by microbial fermentation and / or its precursors.


ABSTRACT To analysis the mechanism of laser-induced nanowelding, the near-field enhancement of an Ag nanoparticle dimer system which is irradiated by laser was calculated based on a finite element method (FEM) in this paper. Meanwhile, we investigated a number of parameters which have a tremendous impact on enhancement factors, such as the gap between the nanoparticles and the polarization and wavelength of the laser. The results indicate that narrow gap between Ag nanoparticles is beneficial for generation of field enhancement. Only the vector component of initial electric field in laser along the dimer axis has an effect on the electric field enhancement. The system has regular responses to different wavelengths. There are three peak points at 370,470,500 nm especially. These results will be guidance to the experimental research in the future.


Objective To study the value of transcranial color Doppler sonography (TCCD) to diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Methods The changes in the intracranial hemodynamics in 237 patients with cerebral AVM proved by DSA were determined by Acuson Sequoia 512 color Doppler ultrasonic apparatus with a electric phased array probe through the temporal and occipital bone windows. The used frequency was 2.0 MHz. The comparison between outcomes of TCD and DSA examinations was performed. Results The determination of the intracranial hemodynamics was successful in 219 patients with AVM and failed in 18 patients with AVM due to the unsatisfactory acoustic windows. The cerebral AVM were definitely diagnosed by TCCD in 176 patients. AVM were suspected in 25 patients. The total detection rate of the cerebral AVM by TCCD was 92%. Conclusion The changes in the intracranial hemodynamics of the patients with cerebral AVM may be dynamically detected in real time by TCCD, which is a atraumatic diagnostic technique and may be used for diagnosis, assessment of curative effect and following up in the patients with cerebral AVM.


A new genetic algorithm for solving the agile job shop scheduling is presented. The objective of this kind of job shop scheduling problem is minimizing the completion time of all the jobs, called the makespan, subject to the constraints. Initial population is generated randomly. Two-row chromosome structure is adopted based on working procedure and machine distribution. The relevant crossover and mutation operation is also designed. It jumped from the local optimal solution, and the search area of solution is improved. Finally, the algorithm is tested on instances of 8 working procedure and 5 machines. The feasibility of GA is showed by simulation result


Under ammonia negative-ion chemical ionization (NICI), of 17β-estradiol-17-stearate ester, a deprotonation reaction occurs competitively at two acidic positions(i.e., the phenol and enolizable sites), demonstrated by using gas phase labelling NICI conditions which yield both [MdD]− and [MdH]− ions. Investigation under low-energy collisionally-activated dissociation (CAD) of both molecular species indicates that prior to dissociation, each molecular species isomerizes into different ion/dipole intermediates. These complexes can lead to labile proton exchange. Dissociation of these complexes gives rise to the formation of complementary daughter ions whose abundance depends upon the relative gas phase acidity of the corresponding neutrals.


The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model of the Martini & Rossi rum production process, and to simulate it in order to verify the model correctness, thus validating it. The modeling process starts from the decomposition of the production process and its parameters identification. Based on the system analysis, a suitable modeling formalism is chosen. The model is then developed within a software framework (a Decision Support System) which must guarantee the fulfillment of many requirements such as flexibility and portability.


In the paper, some interesting findings related to the introduction and use of the e-classroom at the Faculty of Management Koper are presented. The e-classroom and a blended learning approach was used for the third year – for full-time and part-time students. The teacher assessments were based on students' weekly activities and achievements. Differences between groups of students and the differences caused by using a different blended learning approach will be presented as well. Beside the differences which were observed, some common findings were also revealed, namely the introduction of innovative learning methods was appreciated by students, as well as the support of the well prepared tutors. Therefore further activities regarding the introduction and use of e-learning should be carried out.


In order to realize the automatic fruit picking by robot in orchard environment, cherry target detection is carried out by studying the algorithm based on deep learning, so as to identify cherry and carry out picking operation. However, most of the existing methods are aimed at relatively sparse fruits and cannot solve the detection problem of small and dense fruits. In this paper, a YOLOv5s-cherry model based on YOLOv5s was proposed for cherry detection. By adjusting the CSP structure of BackBone and Neck, deepening the depth and width of the network, improving the ability of network feature extraction, feature fusion and learning ability of network feature extraction, so as to improve the detection ability of small and dense cherry fruit. The model is trained on the self-made cherry maturity classification data set. The trained YOLOv5s cherry network is used to extract the feature and location information of cherry images with different maturity, so as to realize the classification and detection of cherry. We tested the performance of the model, compared YOLOv5s-cherry with YOLOv5s and YOLOv4, and used F1 value as the evaluation value. The test results show that the F1 of YOLOv5s cherry is 0.08 higher than that of YOLOv4 algorithm and 0.03 higher than that of YOLOv5s algorithm. The improved YOLOv5s cherry model provides better detection performance for small and dense cherry detection, which is conducive to intelligent picking.


Almost perfect enantio-differentiating hydrogenation was achieved by heterogeneous catalyst. Tartaric acid-NaBr modified supersonicated Raney nickel (TA-NaBr-MRNiU) showed 98.6% of e.d.a. in the hydrogenation of methyl 3-cyclopropyl-3-oxopropanoate. Three emprical modeles; "catalyst region model", "reaction process model", and "stereochemical model", proposed for the explanation of the functions of MNi enable us to design the present reaction system. The development of the models and their contribution for the improvement of the catalyst and its reaction system are described.


The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) has a clear strategic direction for internal and external provision of information management (IM) services. The article first focuses on IM policy and practice adopted by the SCC. Since autumn 2008, all parties to an appeal at the Supreme Court of Canada are required to file an electronic copy on a CD ROM of their notice of appeal, factum, record and book of authorities in accordance with Guidelines issued by the Registrar. Not only are these electronic documents available to everyone in the Court at their desktops, the factums, records and books of authority are accessible during hearings in the state‐of‐the‐art courtroom through equipment installed on the bench, lectern and each counsel and media table. The SCC website is one of the Court's main vehicles for communicating with all of its clients – litigants, media, legal community and the public. The article proceeds to consider the provisions for translation and interpretation at the SCC.


An aqueous H3RhCl6 solution was treated by N2H4 reduction for the purpose of producing fine Rh powder. The reaction behaviors were investigated at temperatures below 80 under the blowing of N2 to agitate the sample solution. The Rh compound precipitated from the addition of an NaOH solution to alkalize the H3RhCl6 solution. This compound showed some sharp X-ray diffraction lines, but they could not be identified. The precipitation ratio was measured by ICP analysis for Rh concentration of the filtrate. The ratio for precipitation time of 15 minutes was considered to be the equilibrium value because the ratio did not change after 15 minutes. It was clarified from the relation between the equilibrium ratio and the concentration of added NaOH solution that all of the Rh in the solution was precipitated in the case of a concentration above 0.5 mol/l. The values of the precipitation ratio were hardly affected by precipitation temperatures between 20 and 80°C. After the treatment completed precipitation of Rh in the solution, an N2H4 solution was added to the solution and reduced the compound to metal Rh. It was shown by SEM observation and measurement of the particle size distribution of the filtrated solid that distinction between the Rh compound and metal Rh was very difficult in terms of shape and size. The particles had the diameter of 0.05 ∼ 0.1μm and partly aggregated. The reduction ratio was measured from the analysis of the Rh compound in a filtrated solid because the compound was easy to dissolve in acid. However, metal Rh was difficult to dissolve by such an aqua regia. The reduction curves were obtained from reduction behavior with the reduction time in the temperature range of 60 ∼ 80°C. The initial reaction rate was obtained from the initial straight line of the reaction curve. The temperature dependency of the rate gave 96 kJ/mol as the activation energy of the reduction. Consequently, it was considered that the reduction was rate-determined by the chemical reaction.


1 Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK 2 West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY12 1LF, UK 3 Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA 4 Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, CA 92395, USA 5 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: email@example.com


Abstract This piece of work aims to be a complementary document extending our previous article 'Broadband electronically tunable reflection-based phase shifter for active-steering microwave reflectarray systems in Ku-Band', recently published in the Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications. This document provides the experimental validation of the former work through prototypes of the designed phase shifter, detailing the shifter manufacturing process, and providing the prototype measurements for its characterization. The shifter characterization yields good performance results, thus validating our original design.


169 Abstract Two proteinous compounds (A and B) were isolated by gel filtration chromatography of the acetone precipitate of the aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L. plant. Comparative apparent molecular weights determination by gel filtration using standard proteins gave a value of 28184 and 2291 dalton respectively.The effect of the isolated proteinous compounds A , B and the hormone of insulin on some biochemical parameters such as blood glucose , cholesterol , triglycerides ,total lipids levels and glycogen content in liver tissues was studied in fasting mice. A single intraperitoneal injection of the isolated compounds (A ,B) at a dose of 77.5 mg/kg B.W. was given to normal mice which showed a significant decrease of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids level and glycogen content in liver tissues when compared to the controlled group, wherease insulin and compound B showed a significant increase in glycogen content of liver tissues.


Marriage and family therapy training programs aim to provide students with research-based knowledge about marriage and divorce. A group of 223 California-based clinical members of the American Association for Marital and Family Therapy (AAMFT) was surveyed on their endorsement of 21 myths about marriage. Therapists provided correct responses to an average of 9.4 of these items. Endorsement of specific myths correlated with varying demographic, professional and family of origin variables. Implications for therapist training, practice, and future research are discussed.


An efficient packet-injection resistant data source authentication protocol for group communication(EPJRSA) was proposed to authenticate data source. It can recognize which packets are injected by attacker and delete them. But it cannot recover the lost packets. So an advanced protocol based on EPJRSA protocol is proposed to solve this problem. This advanced EPJRSA protocol is used to build a video broadcast system. The system has the ability of packet loss and injection resistant. And it can guarantee the security of both video data and authentication information at the same time. Experiments are set to verify the correctness of the system. Keywordsdata source authentication; application on video multicast; packet-lost; packet-injection


Recently, there has been an increase in the popularity of messaging applications that use end-to-end encryption. Among them were Telegram (in October 2021 it has 550 million active users [1]), Signal (in January 2022 it has over 50 million downloads in the Google Play Store [2]), WhatsApp (according to Statista [1], in 2021 it has over 2 billion active users), Wire (until January 2022 it has been downloaded for over 1 million times on Android devices [3]). Two distinct protocols underlying these applications are noted: MTProto (developed in Russia by Nikolai Durov) and Signal (developed in the US by Moxie Marlinspike). This paper presents the two protocols and examines from the point of view of the primitive cryptographic security used and how the authenticated encryption, key derivation and asynchronous messaging are performed.


The article is an attempt to justify the categories of «criteria of local self-government efficiency» and «indicators of local self-government efficiency» using for this purpose not only municipal-legal, but also theoretical-legal methodological tools. The authors prove the thesis that it is impossible to substitute local self-government efficiency by the efficiency of local self-government activity.


Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the acid soil sensitive but genetically diverse cereal crop in Ethiopia. A green house pot experiment was conducted to assess the response of barley variety (HB-1307) grown on acid soils to application rates and particle sizes of lime. The study employed a randomized complete block design of threeway factorial arrangement of three land use types (forest, grazing and cultivated lands), six rates of lime (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 tons ha-1) and two particle sizes (50 and 100 mesh) of lime in three replications. Plant height, fresh and dry biomass, grain yield, harvest index and plant P uptake were measured and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software to evaluate the treatment effects. Maximum mean barley yield components for both 50 and 100 mesh lime particle sizes (LPS) were obtained at 6 t ha-1 of lime rate on the forest land followed by 8 and 10 t ha -1 , respectively, on grazing and cultivated lands. The mean square estimate revealed highly significant (P 0.05) interaction effects between lime rates and lime particle sizes. There was significant ( P 0.05) on fresh biomass, grain yields and harvest index. The study showed, plant height, fresh and dry biomass increased due to liming of acidic soils of the three different land uses. However, response pattern of these traits to varying lime application rates varied from one land use to the other.


Objective Lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) in lactic acid bacteria is an important enzyme that is involved in the process of milk fermentation. This study aimed to explore the changes and effects of fermented milk metabolites in mutant strains after knocking out the ldh gene of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei. Methods The ldh mutant ΔAF91_07315 was obtained from L. paracasei using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats technology, and we determined fermented milk pH, titratable acidity, viable count, and differential metabolites in the different stages of milk fermentation that were identified using metabolomic analysis. Results The results showed that the growth rate and acidification ability of the mutant strain were lower than those of the wild-type strain before the end of fermentation, and analysis of the differential metabolites showed that lactate, L-cysteine, proline, and intermediate metabolites of phenylalanine, tryptophan, and methionine were downregulated (P < 0.05), which affected the growth initiation rate and acidification ability of the strain. At the end of fermentation (pH 4.5), the fermentation time of the mutant strain was prolonged and all differential metabolites were upregulated (P < 0.05), including amino acids and precursors, acetyl coenzyme A, and other metabolites involved in amino acid and fatty acid synthesis, which are associated with the regulation of fermented milk flavors. In addition, riboflavin was upregulated to promote the growth of the strain and compensate for the growth defects caused by the mutation. Conclusion Our data established a link between the AF91_07315 gene and strain growth and metabolism and provided a target for the regulation of fermented milk flavor substances.


Textile waste water released from dyeing and printing industries situated in Sanganer, Jaipur (India), brought about inhibition of spermatogenesis in male rats. Water analysis showed the presence of heavy metals at more than permissible limits. Oral administration of waste water to the rats at the dose level of 26.6 ml kg−1 body wt. significantly reduced the weights of testes, epididymides and seminal vesicle. Treated animals showed a notable depression of various stages of spermatogenesis. The production of spermatids was inhibited by 70.8% in waste‐water‐treated rats. The populations of spermatogonia, preleptotene spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes were decreased by 67.2, 71.1 and 73.2%, respectively. The total number of Sertoli cells was affected after waste water treatment. Reduced sperm count and motility resulted in treated groups.


The Halobafes samples collected during the cruises 0 Bora ), (1 Saint Vincent )) and c Cyclone )) were ideniified to species, sex and developmental stage. A list of stations from which each species was collected is presented, together with a map of their localities. A brief discussion on the distribution and biology of each species is appended.


H.264/AVC is the newest international video coding standard. The standard uses a new DCT-like integer transform (Int-DCT) which is an integer orthogonal approximation to the classical DCT. The objective of using integer coefficients is to provide a completely reversible transform and also reduce the implementation complexity. The main disadvantage is that it increases the quantizer complexity and, consequently, the hardware costs. In this paper we present a new error-free encoding, based on algebraic integers, for a classical DCT and its hardware implementation. This can be used as an alternative transform for H.264 encoders, which results in a simple, parallel, and multiplication-free architecture, and also minimizes the complexity of the quantizer and the dynamic range of the computations. We propose an initial FPGA implementation where the system can process around 1650 Mpixel/sec, and satisfies all real time constraints for digital multimedia applications


Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Automated People Movers and Transit Systems, held in Paris, France, May 22-25, 2011. Sponsored by the Transportation and Development Institute of ASCE. These papers are available only in digital form and can be downloaded at no charge. This proceedings consists of 46 papers on automated people movers and automated transit systems that present the latest technological advances, projects, and planning. Although the full automation of automated people movers originated at airports and activity centers, it is currently being applied to increasing numbers of major urban transit systems. Some 14 papers in this proceedings are directly related to new automated urban systems or the upgrading of older manual systems. Topics include: airports; major activity centers; new systems; policies, planning, and perspectives; system improvements; policy and perspectives for areas with fully automated metros; and urban metro applications.


Disclosed are an apparatus and Method for handling the configuration of bundle sizes in communications involving the transmission and/or reception of more than one bundle in a transmission and/or reception attempt. A method in a wireless network node for handling the configuration of bundle sizes in communications involving the transmission and/or reception of more than one bundle in a transmission and/or reception attempt, comprises the step of initiating the use of a first bundle size for communicating with a wireless device during an initial transmission and/or an initial reception, the first bundle size comprising a first number of repetitions. The method comprises initiating the use of at least a second bundle size for communicating with the wireless device during at least one retransmission and/or subsequent reception associated, respectively, with the initial transmission and/or initial reception, wherein the at least second bundle size comprises a smaller number of repetitionscompared to the first bundle size.


Cryptographic algorithms are usually complex, and their code is highly compact. Moreover, there is often no test oracle to easily test some of these algorithms. Together these attributes make it extremely challenging to run tests and to discover bugs in them. Structural coverage based approaches such as statement or branch coverage are typically not very effective in discovering bugs in these types of programs. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a systematic testing approach for discovering bugs in highly complex cryptographic algorithm implementations. In this work, we identify metamorphic relations based on the specifications of the algorithms, and design test cases such that a systematic coverage of the input space is achieved. Our results show that this approach is highly effective in discovering faults in complex cryptographic implementations.


Requirements to reduce pollutant emissions from gas turbines used in aircraft propulsion and ground-based power generation have led to consideration of lean premixed/prevaporized (LPP) combustion concepts. This paper describes a series of the LPP combustor analyses performed with KIVA-II, a multi-dimensional CFD code for problems involving sprays, turbulence, and combustion. Modifications to KIVA-II`s boundary condition and chemistry treatments have been made to meet the needs of the present study. The study examines the relationships between fuel vaporization, fuel/air mixing, and combustion in a generic LPP combustor. Parameters considered include: mixer tube diameter, mixer tube length, mixer tube configuration (straight versus converging/diverging tubes), air inlet velocity, air inlet swirl angle, secondary air injection (dilution holes), fuel injection velocity, fuel injection angle, number of fuel injection ports, fuel spray cone angle, and fuel droplet size. Cases have been run with and without combustion to examine the variations in fuel/air mixing and potential for flashback due to the above parameters. The degree of fuel/air mixing is judged by comparing average, minimum, and maximum fuel/air ratios at the exit of the mixer tube, while flame stability is monitored by following the location of the flame front as the solution progresses from ignition to steady state.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: device includes a receiver (203) receiving a multi-channel signal containing two channels for playback by the first speaker (101) in the first position and the second speaker (103) in the second position, respectively. The first signal generator (207) generates a correlated signal and the second signal generator (209) generates an uncorrelated signal from the multi-channel signal. The signals contain respectively correlated and uncorrelated signal components for the channels. The receiver (201) receives the microphone signal from the microphone (107). The first correlation means (213) determines the first correlation signal from the correlation of the microphone signal and the correlated signal, and the second correlation means (215) determines the second correlation signal from the correlation of the microphone signal and the uncorrelated signal. The position estimator (219) estimates the position of the microphone from the first and the second correlation signals. EFFECT: increasing the accuracy of determining the microphone position. 12 cl, 6 dwg


We have succeeded in realizing a single ferroelectric phase in ${\text{CuFe}}_{0.963}{\text{Ga}}_{0.037}{\text{O}}_{2}$ by substituting nonmagnetic ${\text{Ga}}^{3+}$ for ${\text{Fe}}^{3+}$ sites in ${\text{CuFeO}}_{2}$. Ferroelectric polarization $P$ in ${\text{CuFe}}_{0.963}{\text{Ga}}_{0.037}{\text{O}}_{2}$ is observed below 7.5 K, and has the relatively large value of $\ensuremath{\sim}250\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{C}/{\text{m}}^{2}$, which is comparable to $P=300\ensuremath{\sim}400\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{C}/{\text{m}}^{2}$ in the magnetic-field-induced ferroelectric phase of ${\text{CuFeO}}_{2}$. In neutron-diffraction measurements, a single magnetic diffraction peak with an incommensurate wave number was observed below 7.5 K in ${\text{CuFe}}_{0.963}{\text{Ga}}_{0.037}{\text{O}}_{2}$, indicating that the ferroelectric-incommensurate (FEIC) phase is realized as a single phase. Therefore, ${\text{CuFe}}_{0.963}{\text{Ga}}_{0.037}{\text{O}}_{2}$ with a single FEIC phase is strongly expected to provide the best opportunity to investigate unresolved problems regarding the ferroelectric mechanism in ${\text{CuFeO}}_{2}$. In this paper, we report measurements of magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, pyroelectric, dielectric constant, and neutron diffraction of a single crystal of ${\text{CuFe}}_{0.963}{\text{Ga}}_{0.037}{\text{O}}_{2}$.


This case study describes the role of a number of core courses in the third year of a Bachelor of Creative Arts degree at the University of Southern Queensland. In a major restructure of the Bachelor of Creative Arts degree, the disciplines of Music, Creative Media, Theatre and Visual Arts are linked into a single degree program and students have the opportunity to choose courses and majors across disciplines in consultation with program staff. The core third year courses described in this case study provide
opportunities for students to work with peers across disciplines and to explore pathways into the profession. A strategy for encouraging hybridity through cross disciplinary collaboration in the production of arts for public consumption is the focus of this innovative
curriculum design.


Abstract As part of the French Inertial Confinement Fusion program, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique has developed cryogenic target assemblies (CTAs) for the Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) and a program in two stages for the permeation filling of these CTAs: (a) the permeation filling studies with the Study Filling Station cryostats and (b) the design and manufacturing of the whole operational chain of CTA filling facilities. This paper deals with the description of both the cryogenic studying and the filling facilities for the LMJ targets.


Proceedings: Australian Sports Medicine Federation National Conference, Ballarat, 1985: 56. Enwemeka, C.S. (1989) The effects of therapeutic ultrasound on tendon healing. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 68, 283–287. Enwemeka, C.S., Rodriguez, O., Gall, N.G. & Walsh, N.E. (1990) Morphometric analysis of collagen fibril populations in HeNe laser photostimulated tendons. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine and Surgery 8, 151–156. Evans, E.J., Benjamin, M. & Pemberton, D.J. (1990) Fibrocartilage in the attachment zones of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament of man. Journal of Anatomy 171, 155–162. Fitton-Jackson, S. & Bassett, C.A.L. (1980) The response of skeletal tissues to pulsed magnetic fields. In: Tissue Culture in Medical Research, Vol. 2 (Richards, R.J. & Ranan, K.T., eds). Pergamon Press, Oxford: 21–29. Frank, C. (1999) The pathophysiology of ligaments. In: Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Sports Medicine, Vol. 2 (Arendt, E.A., ed.). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Rosemont, IL: 29–36. Frank, C. & Jackson, D.W. (1997) The science of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Current concepts review. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 79A, 1556–1576. Frank, C., Schachar, N., Dittrich, D., Shrive, N., De Haas, W. & Edwards, G. (1983a) Electromagnetic stimulation of ligament healing in rabbits. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 175, 263–272. Frank, C., Woo, S.L.-Y., Amiel, D., Gomez, M.A., Harwood, F.L. & Akeson, W.H. (1983b) Medial collateral ligament healing: a multidisciplinary assessment in rabbits. American Journal of Sports Medicine 11, 379–389. Frank, C.B., Eyre, D.R. & Shrive, N.G. (1994) Hydroxypyridinium cross-link deficiency in ligament scar. Transactions of Orthopaedic Research Society 19, 13. Frank, C., MacFarlane, B., Edwards, P., Rangayyan, R., Liu, Z.-Q., Walsh, S. & Bray, R. (1991) A quantitative analysis of matrix alignment in ligament scars: a comparison of movement versus immobilization in an immature rabbit model. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 9, 219–227. Frank, C., McDonald, D., Wilson, J., Eyre, D. & Shrive, N. (1995) Rabbit medial collateral ligament scar weaknes is associated with decreased collagen pyridinoline crosslink density. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 13, 15–165. Frank, C., Shrive, N., Hiraoka, H., Nakamura, N., Kaneda, Y. & Hart, D. (1999) Optimization of the biology of soft tissue repair. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2, 190–210. Friden, J., Sjostrom, M. & Ekblom, B. (1983) Myofibrillar damage following intense eccentric exercise in man. International Journal of Sports Medicine 4, 170–176. repair of tendons and ligaments 95 Frowen, P. & Benjamin, M. (1995) Variations in the quantity of uncalcified fibrocartilage at the insertions of the extrinsic calf muscles in the foot. Journal of Anatomy 186, 417–421. Fu, F.H., Bennett, C.H., Lattermann, C. & Ma, B. (1999) Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Part 1. Biology and biomechanics of reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine 27, 821–830. Fu, F.H., Bennett, C.H., Ma, B., Menetrey, J. & Lattermann, C. (2000) Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Part 2. Operative procedures and clinical correlations. American Journal of Sports Medicine 28, 124–130. Garrett, W.E. (1996) Muscle strain injuries. American Journal of Sports Medicine 24, S2–S8. Grontvedt, T., Engbretsen, L., Benum, P., Fasting, O., Molster, A. & Strand, T. (1996) A prospective randomized study of three operations for acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 78A, 159–168. Hart, D.P. & Danhers, L.E. (1987) Healing of the medial collateral ligament in rats. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 69A, 1194–1199. Hartig, D.E. & Henderson, J.M. (1999) Increasing hamstring flexibility decreases lower extremity overuse injuries in military basic trainees. American Journal of Sports Medicine 27, 173–176. Hasselman, C.T., Best, T.M., Hughes, C., Martinez, S. & Garrett, W.E. (1995) An explanation for the various rectus femoris strain injuries using previously undescribed muscle architecture. American Journal of Sports Medicine 23, 493–499. Heckman, J.D., Ryaby, J.P., McCabe, J., Frey, J.J. & Kilcoyne, R.F. (1994) Acceleration of tibial fracture healing by non-invasive, low intensity pulsed ultrasound. Journal of Bone Joint Surgery 76A, 26–34. Helbing, G. & Burri, C. (1977) Functional postoperative care after reconstruction of knee ligaments. In: Injuries of the Ligaments and their Repair. Hand–Knee–Foot. Seventh International Symposium on Topical Problems in Orthopedic Surgery, Lucerne (Switzerland) (Chachal, G., ed.). Thieme-Edition/PSG Publishing, Stuttgart: 161–165. Jackson, D.W., Arnoczky, S.P., Frank, C.B., Woo, S.L.-Y. & Simon, T.M. (eds) (1993) The Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Current and Future Concepts. Raven Press, New York. Jozsa, L. & Kannus, P. (1997) Healing and regeneration of tendons. In: Human Tendons: Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology (Jozsa, L. & Kannus, P., eds), Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL: 526–554. Kannus, P., Jozsa, L., Renstrom, P. et al. (1992a) The effect of training, immobilization and remobilization on musculoskeletal tissue. Part 1: training and immobilization. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 2, 100–118. Kannus, P., Jozsa, L., Renstrom, P. et al. (1992b) The effect of training, immobilization and remobilization on musculoskeletal tissue. Part 2: remobilization and prevention of immobilization atrophy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 2, 164–176. Kastelic, J. & Baer, E. (1980) Deformation in tendon collagen. In: The Mechanical Properties of Biological Molecules (Vincent, J. & Currey, J., eds), Symposium Society Experimental Biology, 397–435. Kastelic, J., Galeski, A. & Baer, E. (1978) The multicomposite structure of tendon. Connective Tissue Research 6, 11–23. Katayose, M. & Magee, D.J. (2001) The cross-sectional area of supraspinatus as measured by diagnostic ultrasound. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 83B, 565–571. Ker, R.F., Dimery, N.J. & Alexander, R.McN. (1986) The role of tendon elasticity in hopping in a wallaby. Journal of Zoology, London 208A, 417–428. Kesava Reddy, G., Gum, S., Sthno-Bittel, L. & Enwemeka, C.S. (1998) Biochemistry and biomechanics of healing tendon: Part II. Effects of combined laser therapy and electrical stimulation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30, 794–800. Khan, K.M., Tress, B.W., Hare, W.S.C. et al. (1998) Treat the patient, not the X-ray: advances in diagnostic imaging do not replace the need for clinical interpretation (Editorial). Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 8, 1–4. Klein, L., Lunseth, P.A. & Aadalen, R. (1972) Comparison of functional and non-functional tendon grafts. Isotopic turnover and mass. Journal of Bone Joint Surgery 54A, 1745–1753. Knorzer, E., Folkhard, W., Geercken, W. et al. (1986) New aspects of the aetiology of tendon rupture. An analysis of time-resolved dynamic-mechanical measurements. Archives of Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery 105, 113–120. Komi, P.V. (1987) Neuromuscular factors related to physical performance. In: Muscle and Nerve, Factors Affecting Performance. Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Conference, Cumberland College of Health Sciences, 1987 (Russo, P. & Balnave, R., eds), Sports Sciences & Research Centre, Cumberland College of Health Sciences, NSW, Australia: 114–132. Komi, P.V., Salonen, M., Jarvinen, M. & Kokko, O. (1987) In vivo registration of achilles tendon forces in man. Methodological development. International Journal of Sports Medicine 8, 3–8. 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(1995) Achilles tendon ruptures. A new method of repair, early range of motion and functional rehabilitation. American Journal of Sports Medicine 23, 392–395. Matthew, C., Moore, M.J. & Campbell, L. (1987) A quantitative ultrastructural study of collagen fibril formation in the healing extensor digitorum longus tendon of the rat. Journal of Hand Surgery 12B, 313– 320. McNeilly, C.M., Banes, A.J., Benjamin, M. & Ralphs, J.R. (1996) Tendon cells in vivo form a three dimensional network of cell processes linked by gap junctions. Journal of Anatomy 189, 593–600. Merrilles, M.J. & Flint, M.H. (1980) Ultrastructural study of the tension and pressure zones in a rabbit flexor tendon. American Journal of Anatomy 157, 87–106. Michna, M. (1984) Morphometric analysis of loadinginduced changes in collagen-fibril populations in young tendons. Cell and Tissue Research 236, 465–470. Morgan, D.L., Proske, U. & Warren, D. (1978) Measurements of muscle stiffness and the mechanism of elastic storage of energy in hopping kangaroos. Journal of Physiology, London 282, 253–261. Nakamura, N., Timmermann, S.A., Hart, D.A. et al. (1998) A comparison of in vivo gene delivery methods for antisense therapy in ligament healing. Gene Therapy 5, 1455–1461. Ng, G.Y., Oakes, B.W., Deacon, O.D., McLean, I.D. & Eyre, D.R. (1995a) A three year correlation study of hydroxypyridinium cross-li


Impaction of the stomach typically consists of excessive dry, fibrous ingesta, but may also be composed of ingested materials that form a mass, such as persimmon seeds or mesquite beans. Other feeds that tend to swell after ingestion, including wheat, barley, and sugar beet pulp, may also cause impaction. Furthermore, dental disease may increase the likelihood of gastric impaction because of improper chewing of feed. Clinical signs of colic range from acute and severe to chronic and mild. For example, in one report on 4 horses with gastric impaction, colic was moderate or severe and of 8-12 hours' duration, whereas in another report on a pony with gastric impaction, colic was chronic (7 days' duration), associated with prolonged recumbency, anorexia, and lethargy. Additional signs may include dysphagia, dropping of feed, and bruxism. However, the diagnosis of stomach impaction is usually made at surgery on horses that have had uncontrollable colic or poor response to medical therapy. However, endoscopy will reveal gastric impaction, and may provide information on the specific nature of the impaction. Although this would not typically be performed on an acute colic case, it would be indicated in a horse with chronic colic.


Introduction: Meningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, with an incidence of 8.14 per 100,000 habitants. They represent 30% of all adult primary brain tumor diagnoses in the United States in contrast to Latin America with 50%. In Mexico, there are no epidemiological trends of meningiomas or other CNS tumors. Simpson resection grade and WHO grade are the prognostic factors with the greatest effect. In this paper, we describe the correlation between the survival free of disease and the gross total resection with its histological type according to Simpson's grading scale. Materials and methods: A descriptive, analytical, retrospective, case-control study was conducted in two public third -level hospitals and three second- level hospitals in two cities of Mexico, (Mexico City and Guadalajara, Jalisco in a period of 10 years (2010-2020). An analysis of measures of central tendency was performed for age, sex, location, histological type, and postsurgical Simpson grade.Results: 26 patients of 179 had recurrence. Among the total recurrences, 15.4% were Simpson 1, 69.2%Simpson 2, and 15.4%Simpson 3. The survival for Simpson 1 was 142.0 months, Simpson 2 90.32 months, and Simpson 3 69.13 months. According to the histological type, the meningiomas with the lowest survival were the microcystic ones with 60 months, followed by the atypical ones with 90.4 months, and the psammomatous ones with 99.8 months. Conclusion: Surgical resection and the histological type are factors that affect progression free -survival. The Mexican population presents characteristics similar to those described in world literature.Importance of the study: This is the first study of its kind in the Mexican population and lays the foundations for future studies in the Latin American population.


Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver.Methods Clinical data of 42 FNH patients confirmed by pathology at our hospital between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.Thirty-eight cases underwent resection,and the other 4 patients were diagnosed by liver biopsy. Results The 42 cases consisted of 25 males and 17 females,and age ranged from 14 to 51 years.Most of the patients (95.2%) had no significant clinical symptoms,and the liver function test was normal in 97.6% (41/42) patients.The typical imaging features of FNH was the central scar and the radiating pattern.Thirty-eight cases underwent liver resection without any postoperative complication,and no recurrence was observed within 6 -90 months of follow up.For the other 4 cases,observation with periodic imaging follow up was performed after liver biopsy for 27 - 88 months without changes in all the lesions. Conclusions FNH is a benign tumor of the liver.Observative follow up is recommended for asymptomatic patients with a definite diagnosis preoperatively.Surgical resection should be performed for symptomatic patients (epigastric pain or discomfort),or for patients with a suspicion of malignancy.

Key words:
Liver neoplasms; Focal nodular hyperplasia; Diagnosis; Treatment


Under carbon cap-and-trade policies, double-source purchase policy of two substitutable products by a monopoly retailer is studied, obtaining optimal purchase decision and optimal pricing decision of retailers. Firstly, optimal decisions of retailers under carbon-free constraints and carbon cap-and-trade policies are analyzed. Then, the influences of carbon trade price, initial carbon quota, carbon emission and the substitutability between two products on retailer optimal decision under carbon constraints are discussed. Finally, compared with the case under carbon-free constraints, the influences of carbon cap-and-trade policies on optimal decision are analyzed. The conclusion in this paper provides theoretical supports for retailer multi-source purchase strategies. Keywords-substitution;double-source purchase;cap-and-trade policy


This gives users all the tools needed to take advantage of the enhancements added to this popular programming language. Easy to follow format enables beginners as well as veterans to take full advantage of the new commands and functions for creating customized applications.


INTRODUCTION I want to thank the Awards Committee and Education Section for this tremendous honor. I am truly humbled to have been recognized in this way. And I want to thank Polly's family for establishing this lectureship. I knew Polly only a little, but I respected her wisdom a lot. When I was informed of this lectureship, I was told to talk about anything I wanted related to professional education, so I decided that I would like to be a bit heretical. Early in my research career, I published papers that challenged some of our cherished clinical beliefs. Today, I would like to reflect a bit on some of our cherished educational beliefs. For some time, I have been struggling with the popular concept of student-centered learning and whether an inaccurate understanding of such a model could actually encourage inappropriate student behavior. This lectureship offers me an opportunity to try to get those thoughts to coalesce and to talk about some of the challenges our educational methods pose as we prepare our future colleagues. Let me say at the start that I do not mean to disavow student-centered learning, which is well supported by research. GOALS FOR STUDENT LEARNING Based on APTAs Core Values,1 Vision 2020,2 and the Generic Abilities,3 1 think we would agree that our goals for our students include some of those listed in Table 1, which is not an exhaustive list. We all want our students to develop the background knowledge and skills to be scholarly practitioners. We want them to use the best evidence available to strive to achieve the most positive patient outcomes.4 We want them to be prepared for lifelong learning and professional development.5 In addition, we want them to understand the culture of the profession and practice in a manner that upholds it. As part of the professional culture, we expect certain professional behaviors1,5,6 that reflect the core values of our profession1 as well as respectful interaction with others,6 critical thinking,5 critical self reflection,7,8 and personal balance.5 These goals will be difficult to achieve if students are not exposed to learning environments in which they have the opportunity and latitude to develop them. The studentcentered learning model is a popular effort to provide such a learning environment. This model is somewhat broader than student-directed learning or student-regulated learning, which I believe are included within student-centered learning. So, although there are some differences between these various models, I will refer to the more global model as student-centered learning. DEFINITION OF STUDENT-CENTERED LEARNING Beginning with the learning theory behind student-centered learning, constructivism9 is learner-centered, and, according to Baviskar and colleagues,10 there are 4 essential elements. First, knowledge is constructed based on existing mental models or prior knowledge. Second, these existing mental models are challenged by new information that creates a cognitive dissonance and stimulates learners to construct new mental models.10 The new knowledge is connected in the brain to the existing knowledge, not simply stored.11 The third element is that the new learning must then be applied, with feedback If students do not actually use information, they cannot remember it They learn to use information by trying to solve problems about which they care.11 Finally, there must be reflection on the learning process.10 Student-centered learning as a curricular model has grown out of constructivism. There are many definitions of student-centered learning, but they all have some common themes. First, it is learner-centered, as distinguished from teacher-centered. In teacher-centered models, the teacher is the sage on the stage, and student learning is assumed. Teachers have no sense of variation among students. Student failures are attributed to lack of motivation, attention, or ability.12 In contrast, in student-centered learning, it is the responsibility of the student to learn. …


The current program in Russia to increase the fuel consumption of fast reactors and increase its burn-out causes the transition to new structural materials, which, in turn, leads to changes in the neutron-physical characteristics of reactors. In particular, the drop in the reactivity reserve noted in the BN-600 reactor of the Beloyarsk NPP at the end of 76 operational cycles, as will be shown below, is due to the transition to a new type of shell steel with an increased content of nickel, which strongly affects the reactivity. Design support for the operation of the BN-600 and BN-800 fast reactors, as well as the experiments carried out on them, is performed by IPPE. This article presents the results of a calculated analysis of the expected changes in the reactivity reserve at the end of 76 operational cycles when replacing the shell steel in BN-600. In addition, the influence of experimental assemblies located in the core on the reactivity reserve of the BN-600 is analyzed. Analysis of calculations of the actual loading of the BN-600 reactor at 76 operational cycle using the methods of the 1st-order perturbation theory, strict perturbation theory, and the Monte Carlo method showed that a partial transition at 76 operational cycle to EK-164 shell steel leads to a decrease in the reactivity margin by 0.030±0.004 %Δk/k. Replacement of steel for the entire core will reduce the reactivity margin by ~0.12 %Δk/k, which is confirmed by Monte Carlo calculations. The calculated reactivity margin obtained at the end of 76 operational cycles for the hot state of the BN-600 reactor is in good agreement with the measured reactivity margin.


This article introduces the status quo of the Galileo frequency and signal design with frequency spectrum, central frequencies, chipping rates and other primary parameters of Galileo system also. The service mapping on signals and the compatibility and interoperability with the GPS system of Galileo are also compared arid researched on.


To improve the testing efficiency of IP core in 3-dimensional network-on-chip (3D NoC), research on test scheduling of 3D NoC under multi-constraint is conducted. In this paper, we use the strategy of dynamic bandwidth division multiplexing to increase the utilization of 3D NoC. The strategy of multi-clock is used to determine the clock frequency of each IP core according to the ratio of power consumption and test time to shorten its test time. The improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to find the optimal solution under the dual constraints of power consumption and bandwidth, which combined with the characteristics of 3D NoC. The location and order of transmission of the IP core's test data are viewed as two variables to optimize. The optimal speed and accuracy of the algorithm are advanced by adding the Explosion Operator (EO) and Specific Introductory Formula (SIF) in early phase, and the strategy of local optimal monitoring is added in the later phase. The circuit in international standard test set ITC'02 is used as the experimental object. The experiment results show that the work in this paper can shorten the test time and improve the utilization of on-chip resources effectively.


In order to analyze scattering characteristics of ship targets with respect to HF radar,the time domain finite difference method and a CST microwave studio are used to model a warship for electromagnetic resonant scattering in the high frequency band.Simulation results show that the computing speed of the time domain finite difference method is as fast as that of the CST microwave studio and the radar cross section of the warship calculated by the two methods are generally consistent with each other,which indicates that both methods can be used to predict the resonant scattering characteristics of large and complex warship in high frequency band.Both of them provide efficient tools to estimate the RCS of the ship targets for HF radar.


The graphite oxide has been a common carbon source to synthesis graphene layers [1-3]. In this study, palm oil has been proposed as one of the green carbon source available and environment friendly. The double furnace CVD method was used to synthesis graphene layers [4]. The nickel sheet was used as a substrate and palm oil act as carbon feedstock to supply carbon atom. The substrate and carbon source were placed in two different furnaces. The carbon source furnace and the substrate furnace were heated to 300°C and range from 850°C to 1100°C consecutively. The argon was used as carrier gas to carry the carbon atom towards the substrate. The both furnaces were switch off after several time synthesis times for cooling process. The Atomic Force Microscopy, UV-VIS Spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the as-synthesized graphene.


In this article, we show that a pair of entangled qubits can be used to compute a product privately. More precisely, two participants with a private input from a finite field can perform local operations on a shared, Bell-like quantum state, and when these qubits are later sent to a third participant, the third participant can determine the product of the inputs, but without learning more about the individual inputs. We give a concrete way to realize this product computation for arbitrary finite fields of prime order.


At the heart of any new technology is the desire to reduce the cost of each produced barrel of oil equivalent. New potential opportunities for a significant improvement in the economics of drilling are opened up by the Multilateral Well Drilling Technology. More recently, through the joint efforts of design, development and implementation groups of service companies and operators, multilateral drilling technology has become a new cost-effective method of well completion.In this section of Multilateral Drilling Technologies, we would like to demonstrate how, with the introduction of advanced innovative technologies, the multilateral drilling systems developed by Halliburton have become suitable for the urgent needs of the oil and oil industry.
Keywords: Multilateral Well, Well Completions, Open Hole Sidetracks, drilling system, drilling technology.


A hydraulic system in form of a chain oscillator has been set up, measured and described by a mathematical model in the frequency domain. By analysing the hydraulic circuit, it is possible to derive a suitable mathematical model, with the focus on keeping it as simple as possible, but still representing all the important properties. Unknown system parameters are identified with the help of a two-step procedure using a non-linear optimization task. Excited hydraulically, by adjusting the flow rate, the pressures in this setup are measured. From this data, frequency responses between flow rate and the pressures can be calculated, which are used to validate the mathematical model and the identification strategy. Different system configurations were investigated to further confirm the validity of the model and the identification methodology.


A porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template was fabricated selectively on a patterned substrate from a sputter-deposited Al film. The pattern size was varied from 2 to 500 μm with a depth of 1.5 μm. The overall surface undulation of Al resulting from the underlying patterns was planarized by chemical mechanical polishing. During the anodization of the confined Al, the anodization rate was significantly retarded at the vertical sidewall of the pattern. This suggests that the stress should be carefully controlled for the successful integration of a porous AAO structure on a patterned substrate.


Constituents of position system controlled by PLC-Servo which is considered as an alternative means to CNC apparatus are presented with prototype interpreting and each part also analyzing.Both hardware and software design for two axial synchronous movements as well as some application program are given.It has turned out of the test result that this system is of simple composition,flexible control,fast reaction,accurate situation and so on, which meets the requirements of position control and is worth using in practice.


Methods and systems of determining a quantization step for encoding video based on motion data are provided. The video captured by an image capture device (140) is received. The video comprises a video frame component. Additionally, motion data associated with the video frame component is received. Further, a quantization step for encoding the video frame component is determined based on the motion data.


Globally, one of the alarming problems is the prevalence and burden of liver diseases, which accounts for 2 million cases per year. Chronic liver aetiologies such as hepatitis infections, alcoholic or non‐alcoholic liver disease, environmental agents, and drug‐induced toxicity are invariably responsible for liver fibrosis progression to finally hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment options are unable to overwhelm and cure liver diseases. Emerging findings suggest researchers' interest in using evidence‐based complementary medicine such as ellagic acid with extensive pharmacological properties. They include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐hyperlipidaemic, anti‐viral, anti‐angiogenic, and anticancer activity. The molecular functions elicited by ellagic acid include scavenging of free radicals, regulation of lipid metabolism, the prohibition of fibrogenesis response‐mediating proteins, inhibits hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts, restrains hepatic viral replication, facilitates suppression of growth factors, regulates transcription factors, proinflammatory cytokines, augments the liver immune response, fosters apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in tumorigenic cells. This review will most notably focus on preclinical and clinical information based on currently available evidence to warrant ellagic acid's prospective role in preventing liver diseases.


The purpose of the investigation was to determine the umbilical cord venous blood level of glucose in full-term newborns and its relationship to the mode of delivery. The investigation included 102 full-term newborn infants, including 33 and 69 babies born via cesar-ean and vaginal delivery, respectively. Umbilical cord serum glucose levels were determined by the glucose oxidase test using a Sap-phire-400 biochemical analyzer. In healthy full-term newborns, the mean umbilical cord blood glucose levels were 4,29±0,88 mmol/1 (minimum, 2,9 mmol/1 and maximum, 5,9 mmol/1). In the babies born via cesarean delivery, the umbilical cord blood concentration of glucose was ascertained to be significantly lower than in those born vaginally (3,84+0,71 mmol/1 versus 4,51+0,87 mmol/1; /><0,0001). Abdominal delivery can be apparently considered to be a risk factor for hypoglycemia in neonatal infants.


With the rise of business-starting education in colleges,this paper introduces the SYB project developed by the International Labor Organization,and discusses the practical significance and the implementary way of its implementation in colleges.


spectator's experience as emotional and contemplative, but, unfortunately, accepts the James-Lange theory of the emotions as a physiological state. Further, in distinguishing aesthetic emotions from ordinary practical emotions, he accepts the act of projection characteristic of the Einfiihlung hypothesis, but interprets this in the limited motor sense of Vernon Lee; judging from his bibliography, the writer does not read German, and is therefore unacquainted with Volkelt and Lipps, whose views would, I think, provide exactly the psychological explanation for which he is vainly groping. He is on safer ground when he starts to analyse the work of art, but I agree with Carritt and the majority of aestheticians that utility or fitness, which the writer seems to regard as an aesthetic quality like form or expressiveness, cannot in fact add an iota of value to our appreciation from a strictly aesthetic standpoint. The analysis that follows of the formal and expressive qualities common to the fine and applied arts is admirable, and no less interesting is the treatment of the individual arts which, according to the writer, are mainly to be distinguished by their technique. He rightly includes the modern art of the "motion picture" as an art of movement akin to but peculiarly different from the drama and the dance. These are the best chapters in the book. LISTOWEL.


"Society is never prepared to receive any invention. Every new thing is resisted." (1) So said Thomas Edison - and he should have known a thing or two about inventing, being regarded widely as the greatest inventor in history. The tale of Edison's concrete piano drives home the point: in innovation, it is society that determines success or failure.


Abstract : The U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research. Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) is actively developing biodegradation technologies that can be used to minimize waste stream of Petroleum, Oils, and Lubricant (POL) products utilized in the current and future combat systems. As part of these efforts, a bio-kinetic model was developed to predict the biodegradability of lubricants including hydraulic fluids. This model can predict a biodegradability of lubricant based on a composition analysis within a short period. The advantages of this model are its predictable capability and excellent correlation with results obtained from the conventional biodegradation tests. This paper presents the results of development of a bio-kinetic model, its composition technique, and correlation study with the conventional biodegradation tests and the field demonstrations, and its applicability to the military hydraulic fluids.


This article elaborates the functions of the design document of library architectures,puts forward the principles of drawing up the design document,and makes an detailed contents of design document of Hefei City Library's architecture.


This article defines a theoretical framework for reviewing factors that affect a teacher's self-efficacy as they work to impact the educational outcomes for students with special needs. Bandura's Social-Cognitive Theory is utilized on the basis that one's belief in his ability to be effective has a direct impact on his effectiveness. This information will contribute greatly to the field of education and the work of administrators who seek answers for increasing teachers' self-efficacy as society continues to move toward the inclusion of those with disabilities. Educational Outcomes for Students with Special Needs: The Impact of Support and Resources on Teachers' Perceptions The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004 is the guiding legislation for the education of all students with disabilities in our great nation. One component of IDEIA is the Individualized Education Plan (IEP), which is the legal document that ensures each child with a disability has access to the general curriculum in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). This article will seek to explain how a teacher's perception is impacted by the support and resources received. Furthermore, literature will be reviewed to establish a connection between teachers' perceptions and educational outcomes for students with special needs. Because law has directed us to provide access to the general curriculum for all students, "the percentage of students with disabilities who are served in general education settings for 80% or more of the school day has increased from 45% to 52%" (NCES, 2007b). This shift in educational setting for students with disabilities is a great move forward; however, how are we to ensure that placement in the regular education setting will lead to increased student achievement? Based on research conducted by Sari, Clikoz and Secer in 2009, teachers' attitudes toward inclusive education were affected by their self-efficacy perceptions in terms of their teaching. Interestingly, in the same study conducted by Sari et al. (2009), student teachers' attitudes toward inclusive education were higher than teachers who are currently in the field. This difference in teachers' attitudes may be due to the fact that student teachers have recently taken a course on special education (Sari et al., 2009); however, the varying attitudes may be due to the current teacher's perception of the support received. "Early research stressed that successful inclusive efforts are associated with administrative support, adequate material and personnel resources," (Gaad & Kahn, 2007, p.102). Notable, the majority of mainstream teachers stated that they need support


As the practice of stream restoration continues expanding globally, the importance of including social factors and communities within the restoration or revitalization process also increases. Engineers and environmental scientists have acknowledged the crucial role of actively involving such communities, but community involvement poses challenges because there is little guidance on managing social processes and balancing different interests. Although many restoration efforts appear to be addressing the needs of crucial ecological habitats, there have been concerning disparities identified associated to race, ethnicity, and income. Through examining 2 case studies, we attempt to identify historical trends and to describe inequities, environmental burdens, and urgent needs of oppressed communities. This validation process also led us to explore systemic constraints that can perpetuate injustices. We suggest that an equity and environmental justice perspective can provide both context and an opportunity to recognize and address basic needs of communities. The ultimate goal of stream restoration should be to achieve solutions that provide true justice; therefore, considering power relations and finding causes rather than symptoms of inequities are both important to achieving more sustainable and equitable stream restoration outcomes.


The paper will explore the application of Falk 1997 to Cebuano (CEB) case marking. It will explain that the internal argument canonical structure of the verb grammar is controlled by the system of inflectional affixes. It will also prove that the inflectional affixes assign case and not the verb base. As a parallel to theta roles, the assignment of internal and external case to the Topics/Foci depends on the case compositionality of the affixes which in turn matches their theta role compositionality. The assignment of external case is shown to trigger an ergative interpretation. Grammaticality case requirements will also be covered as well as the confluence of verb base selectional restrictions with the triggering case affixes. GB/PP and some Minimalism will be used to analyze the case projection of the arguments with some examples using LFG analysis.


Background and Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic inevitably turned most classrooms into virtual classrooms. E-learning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 1399, teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by census method. The research tools were two questionnaires: classroom management style and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test and regression through SPSS 21 software. Results 76 male teachers and 69 female teachers paBackground and ObjectivesThe Covid-19 pandemic inevitably turned most classrooms into virtual classrooms. E-learning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences.Material and Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 1399, teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences were surveyed by census method. The research tools were two questionnaires: classroom management style and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test and regression through SPSS 21 software.Results76 male teachers and 69 female teachers participated in the study. In the field of E-learning, the highest and lowest mean were related to multimedia education (1/57 ± 3/92) and feeling of satisfaction (1/3 ± 3/04), respectively. In the field of classroom management, education had the highest mean (3/03 ± 0/3) while human resources had the lowest mean (2/49 ± 0/34). No significant relationship was observed between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management. Conclusion A positive attitude towards E-learning and dissatisfaction with classroom management can make the educational process difficult for both teachers and students. It is recommended to use new educational methods and strengthen the E-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid island management.rticipated in the study. In the field of E-learning, the highest and lowest mean were related to multimedia education (1/57 ± 3/92) and feeling of satisfaction (1/3 ± 3/04), respectively. In the field of classroom management, education had the highest mean (3/03 ± 0/3) while human resources had the lowest mean (2/49 ± 0/34). No significant relationship was observed between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management.Conclusion A positive attitude towards E-learning and dissatisfaction with classroom management can make the educational process difficult for both teachers and students. It is recommended to use new educational methods and strengthen the E-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid island management. Extended Abstract Background and Objectives The Covid-19 pandemic called for the virtualization of most classes. E-learning and classroom management style are two important factors known to affect the quality of education. University teachers are obliged to transfer their knowledge to students in the teaching process in the classroom, and obviously every student has a different learning background. Thus, teachers must have the ability to resort to different methods of teaching and classroom management to be able to manage these different abilities. In other words, there is no bigger challenge for teachers than to accommodate the individual behavior of students, and certainly individual behaviors cannot be managed if the teacher can draw on only a single method. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between classroom management styles and teachers' attitudes toward E-learning in Abadan University of Medical Sciences.Material and MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted analytically with the aim of investigating the attitudes of the teachers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences towards E-learning and its relationship with management styles in 2020. The study population included all teachers of basic and clinical sciences of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed through census method. The inclusion criteria was having two years' experience of teaching, teaching more than two credits per semester (at least in two consecutive semesters), holding regular classes in each semester. Data collection tools included two questionnaires: "Classroom Management" and "E-Learning". Data analysis was performed to compare the mean of attitudes towards E-learning and classroom management with the median value of the potential range of scores. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used, in which the mean score considered for E-learning attitude questionnaire was 2.5 ( the scores ranging from 1-4) while it was considered 4 and for the management style questionnaire(the scores ranging from 1-7).In order to examine the relationship between attitudes to e-learning and management style, regression analysis was used in two simple (univariate) modes after adjustment for other (multiple) variables. Data analysis was performed, using SPSS statistical software version 21 at a significance level of 0.05. Results 76 male teachers and 69 female teachers participated in the study. The results showed that concerning attitude towards E-learning, the highest mean was for "multimedia education" and the lowest mean was related to "feeling of satisfaction" in the use of E-learning among the teachers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Having studied the three domains of management, we found the domain of "education" to have the highest mean, and the domain of "human resources" the lowest one. But the overall median score of the teachers' classroom management was significantly lower than the median score range (p < 0.001). Based on the overall score, the teachers were divided into three groups: interventionist, interactive and non-interventionist professors, of whom 119 (82.1 percent) were interactive professors and 26 others (17.9 percent) were interventionist. Comparing the attitudes of interactive and interventionist teachers towards E-learning, we found interventionist teachers to have a slightly higher mean score of satisfaction with using E-learning and multimedia education than interactive teachers, although these differences were not significant at 0.05 level of significance. Examining the relationship between attitudes toward E-learning and classroom management status, we observed no significant relationship in any of the areas and in general, after controlling for the effect of gender variables and teachers' job status, these relationships were not significant. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that the score of feeling satisfied with E-learning and multimedia training in the group of interventionist teachers is higher than that among interactive teachers. This difference can be due to the use of more educational methods by interventionist teachers compared to their interactive counterparts. Considering the lower score of the human resources management dimension in the present study and the importance of this dimension in the management of learners, it seems that the teachers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences should spend more time initiating interaction and enhancing knowledge of students. Also, measures should be taken to expand the interactive management style by the faculty members. It is recommended to use the desired model and strengthen the e-learning infrastructure, train and motivate teachers and avoid scattered management. Practical Implications of Research According to the results of the present study, the Department of Education can plan to improve the education by planning to teach classroom management methods in virtual education programs to professors and emphasizing proper interaction with students in virtual education. Ethical ConsiderationsIn this study, we kept the participant information confidential and all participants were familiar with the objectives of the study. The protocol of the present study has been approved by the ethics committee of Abadan School of Medical Sciences with the code IR.ABADANUMS.REC.1399.019. Conflict of Interest The authors hereby declare that this work is the result of an independent study and has no conflict of interest with other organizations and individuals. Aknowledgment Researchers would like to express their gratitude to the participants in this study who shared their experiences. The present article is extracted from a research approved by the Research Council of Abadan University of Medical Sciences with the code 98U-578.


Placental localisation by ultrasonic compound scanning is described. In a series of 250 patients, placenta praevia was present in 23, and in 21 of these an accurate diagnosis was made in relation to position and degree. In one of two patients where there was a diagnostic error, the difference between the suggested and actual placental margin was slight.


Abstract A method for the analysis of Tecnazene (2,3,5,6-tetrachloronitrobenzene) and its major metabolites (2,3,5,6-tetrachloroaniline and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorothioanisole) is presented. This rapid analytical technique was developed to measure these compounds in samples of water and fish produced during the course of toxicological investigations. Water samples were extracted into hexane and analysed by high resolution capillary gas chromatography using flame ionisation detection (HRGC-FID). Fish samples were extracted into hexane, cleaned up on a short alumina micro-column and also analysed by HRGC-FID.


The majority of text-books on Geometrical Conies do not give any proof of the fundamental property that one and only one conic passes through any five given points, no three of which lie on a straight line. Special attention is drawn to this omission by the Rev. Dr. C. Taylor in an article published in the Gazette for May, 1895. The following is a description of three methods which various attempts at obtaining an elementary proof of the theorem have suggested. It is, however, very desirable to have a simpler proof than any of these, if such can be given.


The family is the initial education phase traversed by a child, where the child would spend more time with family. Education in the family becomes very important for the growth and development of each child's potential. If children live in a harmonious family environment it will be a positive influence on children's growth and development potential. However, if a child is raised in a broken home family environment, it will negatively affect the child's growth and development potential.


Despite finding that eliminating tackling from youth football would probably reduce the incidence of concussions and other severe injuries, the American Academy of Pediatrics has merely proposed enhancing adult supervision of the sport.


In 2019 the project "Vetta e Abisso" won the Landscape category of the 'Europa' European PhotoAwards, which was sponsored by Photographique and judged by the Martin Parr Foundation.


For the model reaction studied, the addition of NH{sub 3} increases the selectivity towards ring hydrogenation (generally desired) and away from dealkylation (generally undesired). However the overall reaction rate for a fixed temperature drops substantially. Selectivity is the greatest at the lowest temperatures. The effect of NH{sub 3} is less than proportional to its partial pressure. The results obtained here suggest how operating conditions might be adjusted to obtain an optimum amongst desired reaction rates, conversion and selectivity, in the presence of small concentrations of NH{sub 3} or other bases.


Objective: To outline the profile of the assistance provided by obstetric nurses for childbirth and birth in a Normal Childbirth Center (CPN). Methods: Documentary, retrospective, transversal and quantitative study, carried out at the CPN of a philanthropic institution, in Recife. Recife. The data of 424 parturients and their newborns, recorded in spreadsheets and books, from August 2018 to August 2019 were analyzed in the SPSS 20.0 Program. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: The parturients (74.05%) were between 25 and 35 years old and were secondary or multiparous (53.06%). They had a companion (98.34%), assistance with access to a partogram (57.02%), use of breathing exercises, warm bath and massage, and vertical births (91.74%). There was no perineal laceration in 21.69%; in those who presented, 1st grade (52.83%) predominated. No parturient was submitted to an episiotomy, and more than 80.0% did not receive obstetric interventions. The newborns had late cord clamping (89.37%), skin-to-skin contact (96.22%), respect to the golden hour (89.07%) and Apgar score between 7 and 10 in the 1st minute (95.51 %) and 5th minute (99.52%). Conclusion: This CPN presents as a profile assistance based on current scientific evidence, achieving favorable obstetric and neonatal results.


Spectroscopic studies of few-body systems at ultracold temperatures provide valuable information that often cannot be extracted in a hot environment. Considering a pair of atoms, we propose a cooling mechanism that makes use of a scattering Feshbach resonance. Application of a series of time-dependent magnetic field ramps results in either zero, one, or two atoms remaining trapped. If two atoms remain in the trap after the field ramps are completed, then they have been cooled. Application of the proposed cooling mechanism to optical traps or lattices is considered.


The local governing bodies in Rhode Island are called town councils and are empowered to act as agents of the State in various municipal matters affecting their respective communities. This study surveys the powers of these agencies and attempts to determine the answers to the following four questions: 1. What are the sources of legal powers granted to local town councils by the state and how extensive are these powers? 2. What applicability, if any, does the separation of powers theory have in Rhode Island local


Structural equation models are developing, including in the field of agricultural socioeconomics. There are interrelation between one variable socio economics and other variables, or, one variable is under the influence of other variables and vice versa. More over, it can be found dependent variables more than one. Using Amos program can be analyzed the influence of many independent variables toward many dependent variables, like analysis for result of the research about factors influenced success of IDT Program (President instruction fot poverty villages) and farmers income in Gunungkidul Regency.


Declining populations of two endangered species of seabirds on Kauai, Hawaii--the Dark-Rumped Petrel and Newell`s Shearwater--have been the emphasis of a three-year research program to determine the causes of bird mortality and fallout and to recommend preventive measures. This study refined scientific understanding of the timing of bird movements, enabling future biologists to sample rates of avian traffic more efficiently and perhaps better identify the times when it would be most beneficial to reduce outdoor lighting, which has been linked to fallout. The study also identified three specific areas where collisions would be most beneficial. A sampling site was established in the highlands along a transmission line that runs from the south shore to the north shore through the interior and in proximity to several shearwater colonies. This site has provided a much clearer picture of Procellariiform behavior and collision mortality rates in the coastal areas. Volume 2 of this report describes the ecology of the Dark-Rumped Petrel and Newell`s Shearwater on the island of Kauai.


Estimates of individual-tree narrow-sense heritability and additive genetic coefficient of variation of seven traits of forest trees were compiled from 67 published papers. Distributions of the values for each trait were characterized and compared by calculating medians and running Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Generalizations are possible about at least some of the traits examined. Heritability of wood specific gravity was almost always above 0.3 (median 0.48). Heritabilities for other traits tended to be low: medians ranged from 0.185 to 0.26, and individual values generally ranged from 0.1 to 0.4. Evidence that heritabilities of form traits tend to be higher than those of growth traits was weak. The analysis of additive genetic coefficients of variation suggested that specific gravity tends to have lower values than other traits (median 5.1%), while height and diameter (medians 8.5 and 8.6%, respectively) had lower values than straightness (median 11.65%). Individual-tree volume sh...


1. The mixing nozzle comprising a first barrel {20) forming the inlet (22); the second barrel (30) defining a curved outlet (32) and coupled to the first barrel; a connecting member (40) mounted on the second barrel and defining a channel which communicates with a curved second barrel discharge passage; and a flexible tube fixed to the connecting member (40) .2. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the second barrel (30) has a curved shape rozhka.3. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the end portion (34) of the second barrel (30) opposite the second barrel portion connected to the first, is substantially perpendicular to the first stvolu.4. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member (40) is disposed on the second barrel (30) approximately midway between a second end of the first shaft and the first end of the second stvola.5. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the second barrel (30) has a shelf (38) .6. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the first end section (24) of the first barrel (20) is smaller than the cross section of the second end (26) of the stvola.7. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the first end section (32) of the second barrel (30) is smaller than the cross section of the second end (36) of the stvola.8. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein in the second barrel is fixed holder (50) .9. Mixing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein at the end of the flexible tube (120) opposite the end secured to the connecting member (40) has puncture means (121) .10. Mixing nozzle according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the connecting member (40) is a one-way valve viscoelastic attached to the second hole and within the second curved discharge passage stvola.11. Module (300), soda


List of figures, tables and boxes List of abbreviations Acknowledgments and disclaimer Part I. Background: 1. Introduction 2. The evolution of the international monetary system 3. The international monetary fund Part II. International Financial Crises and Obstacles to Growth: 4. Factors contributing to international financial crises 5. The effects of crises and controversies over how to respond 6. Perspectives on economic growth and poverty reduction Part III. The Agenda for Reform: 7. What can individual countries do? 8. How can the international financial system be reformed? References Author index Subject index.


While in many married couples the cause of sterility is easy enough to determine, and aspermia, azoospermia or closed fallopian tubes at once explain the childlessness, there are other cases in which the source of the disturbance of fertility is much harder to locate. In such cases, if nothing else can be found wrong with either the husband or the wife, the so-called obscure causes of sterility are often invoked. It is these causes that I will consider here. Generally they are classified as selective fertility and incompatibility of the sexual partners due to ( a ) cervical secretions; ( b ) vaginal acidity; ( c ) sperm immunity, or ( d ) psychic causes. SELECTIVE FERTILITY Selective fertility has also been called relative infertility, or relative sterility and incompatibility of the sexual partners. Since sterility and fertility are practically always relative and rarely absolute, I have coined the term selective fertility as being, I believe, more descriptive