This prospective, 6-week, multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized pilot study was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a lidocaine patch 5% in patients with low back pain (LBP). Patients with moderate to severe LBP, defined as acute/subacute (<3 months, n = 21), short-term chronic (3-12 months, n = 33), or long-term chronic (>12 months, n = 77), were recruited from 5 clinics; participants applied ≤4 patches (560 cm2 total) once daily to area of maximal LBP as add-on treatment through week 2, with the option to taper concomitant analgesics during weeks 3-6. Scores on Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were obtained at weeks 2 and 6. Safety analyses included reports of adverse events (AEs) and skin sensitivity to pinprick/light touch. Significant improvements in average daily pain intensity on the BPI were noted at weeks 2 and 6 (P ≤ 0.001). Significant improvements in pain interference with quality of life (QOL) were noted for all BPI measures of QOL at weeks 2 and 6 for the acute/subacute (P ≤ 0.007) and long-term chronic LBP groups (P < 0.0001) and for 5 of 7 BPI measures for the short-term chronic LBP group (P ≤ 0.042). Fifty-eight percent of patients reported being "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with treatment. The lidocaine patch was well tolerated. Most common AEs were dizziness and rash (n = 5, 3.8%), and most AEs (80%) were mild to moderate in intensity. Significant improvement in pain intensity and QOL in this cohort of LBP patients was noted during treatment with the lidocaine patch 5%. Controlled clinical trials are warranted.


The primary objective of this study was to determine if a positive correlation between servant leadership practices and the success of English learners in California public schools exists. Robert Greenleaf's (1977) servant leadership theory and Dr. Lori Olsen's (2010) research on Long-term English Language Learners guide the research and theoretical framework of the study. Seminal research on leadership theories are reviewed in order to provide insight and understanding on the influence and role leaders have on followers. These theories were delimited to: transformational, transactional, participative, and servant leadership. Research and data for English learners in the United States and California was presented. In addition, this study reviewed the new California English Language Proficiency Exam (ELPAC) and the implications for English language learners, as well as the urgency for principals to ensure the needs of English learners, are a key priority. The researcher hypothesized that schools with principals who were considered servant leaders would have higher rates of reclassified English Language Learners, versus principals who applied other leadership styles. A mixed method was used to analyze the research findings. Participants in this study completed the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) developed by Dirk van Dierendonck and Inge Nuijten (2010), which was adapted and modified by the researcher, replacing the word "manager" with "principal." Participants who opted for an interview were randomly selected and interviewed. The conclusion of the study presents the findings of the research, the impact leaders have on school priorities, and the lessons learned by the researcher in her first year as a principal.


In July,2004,State Department approval "Decisions on revolution of Governmental Investment Projects",one of the core contents is that the Government will carry out agent construction on government investment project in the whole nation.In this paper,we analyze the implementation process of the Agent System for government investment project,summarize the main mode of in the current,and then put forward the advices of consummate model of Agent System.


For aerobics,sports injury refers to fitness person of what happened during the process of aerobic exercise.This paper makes investigation on sports injury of aerobic students from 11 higher normal schools children in Jiangsu province.Based on it,some suggestions and prevention are put forward.The main purpose is to promote the harmonious development of aerobic teaching.


We report on a summary of fabricating and characterizing nanoscaled ferromagnetic single-electron transistors (F-SETs). One type of device is assembled with an atomic force microscope. A single 30 nm Au disc, forming the central island of the transistor, is manipulated with Angstrom precision into the gap between plasma oxidized Ni source and drain electrodes which are designed with different geometries to facilitate magnetic moment reversal at different magnetic fields. The tunnel resistances can be tuned in real-time during the device fabrication by re-positioning the Au disc. A second type of device with Co electrodes and a central Au island is fabricated using a high-precision alignment procedure invoked during e-beam writing. Both devices exhibit single-electron transistor characteristics at 4.2 K. From magnetotransport measurements carried out at 1.7 K, we found that it is more efficient to realize spin injection and detection in Co/Au/Co devices fabricated with the second technique. A maximum TMR of about 4% was observed in these devices.


We consider two functions $\phi$ and $\psi$, defined as follows. Let $x,y \in (0,1]$ and let $A,B,C$ be disjoint nonempty subsets of a graph $G$, where every vertex in $A$ has at least $x|B|$ neighbors in $B$, and every vertex in $B$ has at least $y|C|$ neighbors in $C$. We denote by $\phi(x,y)$ the maximum $z$ such that, in all such graphs $G$, there is a vertex $v \in C$ that is joined to at least $z|A|$ vertices in $A$ by two-edge paths. If in addition we require that every vertex in $B$ has at least $x|A|$ neighbors in $A$, and every vertex in $C$ has at least $y|B|$ neighbors in $C$, we denote by $\psi(x,y)$ the maximum $z$ such that, in all such graphs $G$, there is a vertex $v \in C$ that is joined to at least $z|A|$ vertices in $A$ by two-edge paths. In their recent paper \cite{ourpaper}, M. Chudnovsky, P. Hompe, A. Scott, P. Seymour, and S. Spirkl introduced these functions, proved some general results about them, and analyzed when they are greater than or equal to $1/2, 2/3,$ and $1/3$. Here, we extend their results by analyzing when they are greater than or equal to $3/4, 2/5,$ and $3/5$.


Atomic layer deposition of high quality Al2O3 thin films onto Au electrodes was enabled by surface modification with a self-assembled monolayer of –OH groups that react with a monolayer of trimethylaluminum gas source. Ar ion milling was then used to expose the edge of the Au/insulator/Au structure for molecular electrode contacts. The junctions are characterized by atomic force microscope and tunnel current properties. The Au/self-assembled monolayer/Al2O3/Au tunnel junction, with a very thin oxide insulator layer (15.4 A), is stable and has a small tunneling current density of about 0.20–0.75 A/cm2 at 0.5 V.


Abstract. Determination of platelet life span could provide useful information on platelet kinetics in pregnant women. The usual procedure involves injection of 51Cr labeled platelets into the maternal circulation. Data on possible transfer of 51Cr platelets and51Cr ions across the placenta are necessary to estimate the radiation dose delivered to the fetus. Since such data cannot be obtained in man the pregnant rhesus monkey was chosen as an experimental model. In an acute animal study 51Cr labeled maternal platelets with an activity of approximately 20μ Ci were injected into the fetal (2 animals) or the maternal (3 animals) circulation, and samples of fetal and maternal blood, and of amniotic fluid were obtained during 2 to 3 hours. In 2 additional experiments labeled platelets were injected into the maternal circulation and samples as mentioned above were obtained after 5 days. No maternofetal or fetomaternal transfer of 51Cr tagged platelets across the hemochorial placenta could be demonstrated, whereas free 51Chromium ions appear to cross the placenta. The radiation dose received by a 300 g fetus was estimated to be 23 mrem, based on the finding that the sum of total circulating radioactivity in the fetus and radioactivity in the amniotic fluid was always less than 1 % of the amount of radioactivity injected into the mother. Accepting the analogy between the placentation of rhesus monkey and man it can be estimated that this procedure would result in a radiation dose of approximately 7 mrem for a 1700 g fetus. This would seem to be sufficiently low to allow determination of platelet survival by means of the 51Cr platelet technique in third‐trimester human pregnancy.


Although Stephen Hawking's early academic career lacked focus, the development of motor neuron disease straining against his hopes for a fulfilling life pulled the young scientist's work together. He has since become the world's most famous scientist due, in part, to his strong belief that science should be accessible to the general public. Hawking has published frequently for the academic community but has also published for the lay reader. His life has been recorded and examined by several biographers. This article gives an overview of Hawking's early life, academic career, his academic and popular publications, as well as a few of the works written about him.


The pursuit of development of our modern societies induces a constant growth of the global energy demand. The International Energy Agency suggests that the natural gas demand will rise by almost 50% to 2040. As a consequence, facing the challenges of assuring the global energy demand and limited fossil fuel resources has become urgent. Within this landscape, combustion technologies must go through a deep and innovative progress in terms of fuel flexibility, pollutant emissions and energy efficiency in order to provide a sustainable and accessible future for the generations to come. In this direction, research and development must focus on more efficient and environmental cleaner energy conversion technologies. Thus, new energy technologies have been proposed. Among them, Moderate or Intense Lox-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion has recently drawn increasing attention. The main features of MILD combustion are miscellaneous. MILD combustion helps to reduce soot and pollutant species formation with higher thermal stability and enlarged fuel flexibility compared to conventional combustion technologies. Such conditions are reachable by intensified recirculation of exhaust gases which dilutes and pre-heats the unburned reactants in the meanwhile. Consequently, a strong competition between turbulent mixing and chemical kinetics induces a relatively low characteristic Damkölher number, usually approaching unity, and a higher chemical time scale. As a result, Turbulence-Chemistry Interactions (TCI) are naturally enhanced under MILD combustion regime.


This is the introduction and overview talk for a research seminar on derived deformation theory. We give a very quick tour of some of the main principles of derived deformation theory, starting from very basic notions. We introduce the idea of a deformation problem, observe that it is possible to treat infinitesimal deformations of algebraic and geometric structures on the same footing, and motivate the concept of the tangent space of a deformation problem. After very briefly invoking some examples (to be covered in detail in the seminar) in which differential graded Lie algebras (dglas) play a prominent role, we change perspective and associate deformation problems to a dgla. This naturally leads us to considering space-valued functors on Artinian dg algebras as the most general deformation problems – these are Lurie's (derived) formal moduli problems. We can then state and appreciate the classification theorem for formal E∞-moduli problems, which is the main objective of this seminar.


A direct contact hearing aid apparatus adapted to be mounted deep within the ear canal is disclosed, including an output electromechanical transducer for converting audio output signals into mechanical movement of an output coupling element without the production of discernible sound waves to prevent acoustic feedback. The coupling element is supported for magnetic engagement with a contact element mounted on the tympanic membrane by a metal clip attached to the malleus bone to provide direct electromechanical coupling to the ossicles through the tympanic membrane. Alternatively, the contact element may be attached to the malleus bone by a clamp whose jaws are lined with bioactive ceramic. A pair of magnetic switches is provided within the hearing aid housing for mechanically switching the connections of the battery and a volume control while the hearing aid is mounted in the ear canal in response to changes in the polarity of a remote external magnetic actuator located outside of the housing. An external magnetic attachment device is used for insertion and removal of the hearing aid, radio or other electronic apparatus into and from the ear canal by magnetic engagement with a magnetic holder member on the electronic apparatus. The magnetic attachment device may be unipolar or bipolar and has a permanent magnet which is rotated between an attraction position and a release position by a selection knob. The output transducer of the hearing aid may be a piezoelectric plastic film transducer in the form of a flexible diaphragm or a folded sheet bender of the bimorph type, or it may be an electromagnetic transducer. The electromagnetic transducer may have an external magnetic coupling element mounted outside the hearing aid housing and spaced from the magnetic core of such transducer but coupled to the contact element. Also, a reverse bias permanent magnet may be provided at the end of such core to repel a movable permanent magnet which is mounted on a resilient coupling member to form the external magnetic coupling element.


Individual components of river floodplains can notably differ in terms of their environmental significance. Very little is known about the environmental protection role of small inlets, unlike other components of river floodplains. In this aspect, 10 small inlets of the Azure Zone of Kyiv with an area of 200–260 000 m², a depth of 10–350 cm and a degree of overgrowth of 3–95% were investigated. The research was carried out during the summer–autumn period of 2021. The conservation value of individual bays was assessed both by the values of the total taxonomic richness and by the presence of vertebrate species that are subject to special protection in accordance with current legislation. To determine the total taxonomic richness, an express method previously developed by the author of the article was used. Its detailed description is given in the available publication. In almost half of the examined bays, the index of taxonomic richness of hydrobionts exceeded the probable average values. Vertebrate species subject to special protection according to official documents were found in all bays. Among them, the river otter is included in the Red Book of Ukraine, and the terrapin in the international Red Lists. Each of the studied bays is surrounded by dense aquatic and riparian vegetation, which could not vegetate in the absence of the bay. The presence of developed riparian vegetation not only contributes to the improvement of the ecological regime of water bodies, but also considerably increases their conservation value, because it is densely populated by various groups of animals. Usually, there are not only semi-aquatic and moisture-loving species, but also many other species, including ecologically valuable ones, as well as those subject to special protection. Thus, river bays create habitats not only for aquatic but also for riparian species. Thus, the small inlets of the Azure Zone of Kyiv, despite the significant recreational pressure, play a significant role in maintaining the local diversity of the inhabitants of the river floodplain. In general, the conservation of biodiversity associated with small inlets can be combined with the main forms of their recreational use. After all, the task of preserving natural complexes is fundamentally compatible with measures to improve the health of the population of large cities, since both directions require maintaining the proper state of the environment.


A new compound 2-(4-Formylphenyl) fulleropyrrolidine was synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the fullerene(C60) and azomethine ylide(prepared from glycine and terephthalaldehyde).The structure was characterized by 1H-NMR,MS and FT-IR.The optical and electrochemical properties of the derivative were determined by UV-Vis,fluorescence spectrum and differential pulse voltammetry,which indicated that the derivative exhibited good optical and electrochemical performance.


A new relationship between educational institutions and companies needs to be formed, by bringing students into small and medium enterprise in an effort to prepare students with information technology skills while simultaneously providing companies with high-tech workers.


Indicator diagram is an important basis of judging engine working state,calculating basic performance parameters and analyzing heat release.It also reflects the level of precision mathematical model of the combustion process of the evaluation criteria.The software is developed with Labwindows/CVI which is very popular recently.High-speed multi-channel acquisition card,piezoelectric cylinder pressure sensor,amplifier and encoder are used to achieve the indicator diagram.The acquisition interface,AD conversion,high-speed multi-channel data acquisition and processing,ultimately displaying the waveform is designed.


Primary market is the segment in which new issues are made whereas secondary market is the segment in which outstanding issues are traded. In the primary market, issues may be made in four ways, namely public issue, rights issue, private placement/private equity and bonus issue. The IPO's are regulated by SEBI in terms of SEBI guidelines: SEBI has framed the guidelines in 1992, which were changed many times keeping in view the in consistencies, market development and changing needs of the capital market. A new set of guidelines was issued in the years 2000.


FtsZ, a tubulin homologue, forms a cytokinetic ring at the site of cell division in prokaryotes. The ring is thought to consist of polymers that assemble in a strictly GTP‐dependent way. GTP, but not guanosine‐5′‐O‐(3‐thiotriphosphate) (GTP‐γ‐S), has been shown to induce polymerization of FtsZ, whereas in vitro Ca2+ is known to inhibit the GTP hydrolysis activity of FtsZ. We have studied FtsZ dynamics at limiting GTP concentrations in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+. GTP and its non‐hydrolysable analogue GTP‐γ‐S bind FtsZ with similar affinity, whereas the non‐hydrolysable analogue guanylyl‐imidodiphosphate (GMP‐PNP) is a poor substrate. Preformed FtsZ polymers can be stabilized by GTP‐γ‐S and are destabilized by GDP. As more than 95% of the nucleotide associated with the FtsZ polymer is in the GDP form, it is concluded that GTP hydrolysis by itself does not trigger FtsZ polymer disassembly. Strikingly, GTP‐γ‐S exchanges only a small portion of the FtsZ polymer‐bound GDP. These data suggest that FtsZ polymers are stabilized by a small fraction of GTP‐containing FtsZ subunits. These subunits may be located either throughout the polymer or at the polymer ends, forming a GTP cap similar to tubulin.


Objective To screen and validate differentially expressed microRNAs in human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and to predict their target genes,and to investigate the role of JNK pathway in degenerative intervertebral disc disease.Methods Eight degenerative nucleus pulposus tissues were harvested from 8 patients (6 males and 2 females) with lumbar degenerative disease,and three normal nucleus pulposus tissues were harvested from 3 patients (3 males) with lumbar fracture,intraoperatively.Differentially expressed microRNAs were screened by microRNA microarray analysis and validated by real-time qPCR.Target genes of highly expressed microRNAs were predicted by analyzing information from data bases:MicroCosm v5,TargetScan 5.1 and microRNA.org.Signal pathways associated with the target genes were analyzed,and qPCR was used to validate the screening results.Results Twenty differentially expressed microRNAs were identified.The microRNA-513a-5p and microRNA-494 were highly expressed in degenerative nucleus pulposus tissue,which was corresponding to the verification results,and the ratio was 2.222 2 and 2.948 5,respectively.Target genes of microRNA-513a-5p and microRNA-494 were MKK4 and JunD,respectively.MKK4 and JunD were both involved in JNK signaling pathway and located in upstream and downstream of this pathway,respectively.Conclusion In human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells,microRNA-513a-5p and microRNA-494 are highly expressed microRNAs,whose target genes are MKK4 and JunD,respectively.Both MKK4 and JunD are involved in JNK signaling pathway.These results indicate that JNK pathway may play important role in the pathogenesis of degenerative intervertebral disc disease.

Key words:
Intervertebral disk; MicroRNAs; Signal transduction


FAMILY DATA (FIGURE) Clinical findings A 22 year old normal female (IV.5) was seen for genetic counselling. She was the youngest child, and the only daughter, in a family with five children. Her oldest brother (IV. 1) is normal. The second brother (IV.2) died in the neonatal period and was hydrocephalic. The third brother (IV.3) was prematurely born (26 weeks). No necropsy was performed and no further data are available. The fourth brother (IV.4) had progressive hydrocephalus from the age of 6 weeks onwards. A ventriculocardiac shunt was inserted. He died at the age of 2 5 years from septicaemia. Necropsy confirmed the presence of massive dilatation of the lateral ventricles with aqueductal stenosis. Her mother (III.1) was the first born in a sibship of eight children. One (III.4) died at the age of 6 months from pneumonia. One normal sister (111.8) has three daughters (IV.6, IV.7, IV.8); one ofthem (IV.7) died suddenly at the age of 9 months. Three brothers (II1.3, III.5, III.6) are normal, but two other brothers (111.2 and III.7) are mentally retarded. 111.2 is a 52 year old, moderately mentally retarded male living in an occupational centre. Weight is 76 kg, height 161 cm, and head circumference 53 cm. Severe spastic paresis of the legs with hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and clonus makes walking even short distances difficult without support. The thumbs are flexed and adducted. He has simple speech, but cannot read or write. III.7 is a 42 year old, slightly mentally retarded male working in a sheltered workshop. He has spastic paresis of the legs, but much less pronounced than III.2. He has normal thumbs and hands, and no dysarthria. Weight is 68 kg, height 165 cm, and head circumference 52 cm. The maternal grandmother (II.3) was the third born in a family of nine children. Two older brothers (II.1 and II.2) died at a young age and there is no further information about them. Three brothers are normal (11.5, I.8, II.9). One normal sister (II.7) has two normal sons. One sister (II.6) died at a young age from pneumonia. One brother (II.4) is 77 years old with borderline intelligence. He worked in a factory and was unmarried. He had a spastic gait and walking without help became impossible after the age of 50 years. Thumbs and hands are normal. Height is 160 cm, weight 60 kg, and head circumference 53 cm. CT scan of the brain could not be performed in the surviving mentally retarded males.


The invention relates to a clean lubricant for a drilling fluid, which serves as a drilling fluid treating agent for drilling and has the advantages of effectively cleaning a drilling tool, preventing a drill bit mud drum, reducing adhesion sticking accidents and increasing the mechanical drilling speed, and a preparation method thereof. According to the technical scheme, the clean lubricant comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-50 percent of fatty acid, 5-15 percent of polyethylene polyamine, 20-40 percent of liquid paraffin, 3-10 percent of emulsifier and 5-10 percent of defoaming agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding fatty acid into a reaction kettle, stirring and raising the temperature to 40-50 DEG C, adding polyethylene polyamine, stirring and raising the temperature to 140-160 DEG C and undergoing a hermetic reaction for 5-8 hours; and adding liquid paraffin, sorbitan tristearate and simethicone, raising the temperatureto 80-95 DEG C, and stirring for 2-3 hours to obtain the clean lubricant with is a brown liquid. The clean lubricant has the advantages of high defoaming speed, strong foam inhibiting capability, high temperature resistance, low surface tension and small lubricating contact angle, can be used for cleaning a drilling tool, and is taken as a drilling fluid treating agent.


We describe five new species of lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae) from high mountain habitats along the border betweenCosta Rica and Panama: Bolitoglossa splendida, Bolitoglossa aureogularis, Bolitoglossa kamuk, Nototriton matama, and Oedipina nimaso. We also present phylogenetic hypotheses for the new taxa (with the exception of the Oedipina) and their rel-atives based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The new species were discovered on a series of expeditions to remote areas (primarily over 1000 m elevation) of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica.


The purpose of this research is to examine the positive influence of knowledge management, transformational leadership, organizational learning on organizational performance, which is mediated by organizational innovation. The survey was conducted on 2-star and 3-star hotel employees in Badung Regency, Bali, with minimum supervisor position. The number of respondents was 400 people who are employed by 161 hotels. The distributed questionnaire consisted of 55 question indicators with answer choices of 5 Likert Scale. The model proposed in this study was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM), and data processing were done using AMOS software. The first finding of this research is knowledge management, transformational leadership, organizational learning have a positive influence on organizational innovation and organizational performance. Transformational leadership is a variable that most influence organizational innovation and organizational learning is the variable that most influence organizational performance. So that to improve innovation and performance, management can pay attention to matters related to transformational leadership and organizational learning. Other findings are the positive influence of knowledge management, transformational leadership, organizational learning on organizational performance, and entirely mediated by organizational innovation. Management must create a climate and culture that supports the growth of various changes to improve hotel performance. The model proposed in the research shows knowledge management, transformational leadership, organizational learning have a positive influence on organizational innovation. Subsequent analysis can use variables of dynamic capabilities as antecedents to see their impacts on organizational innovation.


In order to improve the performance of source-together CCⅢ(Third-generation Current Conveyer) circuit,Level 3 models 1.2 μm CMOS process technical parameters are employed.The simulation results indicate that the output impedance is increased from 360.542 kΩ to 2.275 MΩ,and the value of β is increased from 0.964 5 to 0.984 7.Current-mode continuous-time two-step band-pass,low-pass,and high-pass filters based on this kind of source-together CCⅢ are proposed.The circuit has the merits of simple structure,low circuit sensitivity,and good amplitude-frequency.Furthermore,the high band width filter function,and the fully integration can be realized.


Hepatic amebiasis is common in tropical zones. Solitary abscess is the classical form but multinodular presentation does not rule out amebiasis as the underlying cause. Definitive diagnosis cannot be based on clinical and radiologic findings alone. Serological testing for amebiasis is necessary. In zones where serology is unavailable, response to presumptive metronidazole treatment is still a useful for diagnosis.


Medications that contain chlorophyll have been reported in the literature as having deodorant, tissue-healing and tissue-stimulating properties, particularly in the treatment of chronic dermatologic lesions that are slow in healing. The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effectiveness of an ointment that contains chlorophyll in the treat ment of some chronic oral mucous mem brane diseases such as desquamative stomatitis and desquamative gingivitis; lesions characterized clinically by a com bination of desquamation and hyper keratosis, usually with ulceration; recur rent aphthous stomatitis; sore mouth caused by dentures; extensive idiopathic chronic oral ulcers; idiopathic orolingual paresthesia; ulcerations resulting from denture irritation, and other chronic oral mucous membrane diseases exclusive of gingivitis or periodontal disease.


In the terms of fixed point structures two general fixed point principle was given by I. A. Rus ([3], [4]). In this paper we establish another fixed point principles in terms of fixed point structures.


In Accelerated life testing if the accelerated test stress level is not high enough then many of the test items will not fail during the available time and one has to be prepared to handle a lot of censured data. To avoid such type of problems, a better way is step-stress ALT. In Step-stress ALT all test items are first tested at a specified constant stress for a specified period of time and then Items which are not failed will be tested at next higher level of stress for another specified time and so on until all items have failed or the test stops for other reasons. In this paper simple step stress pattern of ALT assuming that the lifetime of a product at any constant level of stress follow a two parameter Pareto distribution is considered. The maximum likelihood and asymptotic confidence interval estimate of the parameters are obtained. Optimal step stress ALT plan is proposed by minimizing the asymptotic variance of the MLE of the 100 th P percentile of the lifetime distribution at normal stress condition. A simulation study is also performed to analyse the performance of parameter estimates.


This paper studies the effects of a reform in Serbia that transferred business registration from regional courts to a centralized agency. Using administrative data, the analysis employs a difference-in-difference strategy that compares new firms before and after the reform across districts based on the level of distrust in regional courts. The results suggest that the reform increased the number of new firms more in regions with higher initial levels of distrust, by up to 34 percent. The reform also increased the survival rates of new firms. These effects are large compared to those of other types of registration reforms, suggesting that courts can pose significant barriers to new firm creation.


Mobile learning occurs along the advent of mobile technologies with the potential to revolutionize methods and approaches of e-Learning. It has changed the way students use for learning and assessing. This type of learning implements the concept of learning anytime and anywhere where learner operates a set of mobile technologies. In this paper, we focus on assessment in a mobile environment. We present an approach to ensure personalized assessment in mobile environment where the management of the context is an important aspect. The assessment activity is offered in a PLE (Personal Learning Environment). Subsequently, we give details of context modeling approach, and propose a formal description of the assessment context.


This paper studies strategies for cultivating intercultural communication competence in the context of new media communication, and proposes to reform foreign language teaching through new media technology. Micro class, flipped classroom and situational teaching can be employed to integrate foreign language theory teaching with communication practice, so as to improve teaching efficiency and students' intercultural communication competence.


The emergence of social media lead to people around the world is widely using it. There are varieties of applications under this category for diverse purposes. Day by day, the security concerns related to this area is increasing since it is a medium which connect people. At present, the single access policy is present. That is whether a user can access the media content or not. Hence multi access policy can provide more user satisfaction. On the other hand video and image can be encoded into different qualities. Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption is used for encrypting keys used in symmetric encryption. Here introducing Linear Secret Sharing Scheme (LSSS) to the scalable social media stream security. The LSSS mechanism is adopted to increase the expressiveness of the monotone access structure. By utilizing an LSS Scheme the access structure becomes more protective. This algorithm is very useful in practice as a ciphertext policy can now be intuitively expressed using a monotone Boolean formula, which has good usability, and the corresponding LSSS for an actual CP-ABE construction can then be generated accordingly using this algorithm.


VKernel, provider of performance and capacity management products, has announced its acquisition by Quest Software. VKernel will operate as a independent subsidiary of Quest. ...


Pistacia vera L. is a widely represented plant in Algerian semi-arid regions. It is potentially used to restore degraded ecosystems. Genetic relationships among the cultivars was assessed by using six inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. During the ISSR screening in this study, good amplification products were obtained from primers based on guanine-adenine (GA), cytosine-adenine (CA) and guanine-adenine-adenine (GAA) repeats. Primers based on cytosine-tyrosine (CT) and CAA repeats produced few large separate bands, so these primers were not selected for the final analysis (eliminated for the final analysis). This study shows that ISSR-PCR analysis is quick, reliable and produces sufficient polymorphisms for large-scale DNA fingerprinting purposes. The total of 111 bands of which 60 were polymorphic, (with 54.04%) was amplified by the six primers, an average of seven bands per primer. The total number of amplified fragments was between five to ten and the number of polymorphic fragments ranged from four to seven. The range of genetic similarity was from 0/84 to 1 and the constructed unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA), dendrogram classified the tested genotypes into two main clusters. This study shows that there was low genetic diversity among the tested cultivars and the ISSR-PCR analysis produced sufficient polymorphisms for large-scale DNA fingerprinting. This study reports the first application of the ISSR technique in characterization of Algerian pistachio cultivars original from Syria.


The timing of decision‐making for a surgical intervention in patients with mild degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is challenging. Spinal cord motion phase contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) measurements can reveal the extent of dynamic mechanical strain on the spinal cord to potentially identify high‐risk patients. This study aims to determine the comparability of axial and sagittal PC‐MRI measurements of spinal cord motion with the prospect of improving the clinical workup.


The purpose of this study is to analyze how to manage SLA related to IT BSC (balanced scorecard) as a means to establish an IT outsourcing management systems and to measure and manage business-centric IT services in order to maximize the effectiveness of IT outsourcing. IT BSC is used as a tool which regards IT as a supportive service for improving business performance and measures IT contribution in view of business value, external interest group utility, internal process efficiency (IT services supporting and operating efficiency), and learning/growth infra (technical contribution, education & training, etc.) in relation to CSF and SLA metrics. The results of this study are as follows: In order to develop SLA metrics related to business performance, we surveyed and analyzed A company's SLA operating case ('99-'06) and drew 47 metrics in 7 sections. A company, which was known for adopting and implementing the BSC systems successfully, was taken as a benchmarking company. By adding the 9 detailed metrics of which importance has been raised in MIS studies (IS performance measurement, etc.), 56 metrics in 7 sections were extracted. Finally 32 metrics considered to be continuously managed in view of business performance were selected by 13 experts in this area. By their assistances, we could find important evaluating factors (SLA metrics) and constructed the evaluation structure. We made the further analysis and study to extend the basic framework of A company. We classified SLA operating metrics by IT BSC 4 perspectives and presented IT BSC-based SLA strategy map in relation to CSF and SLA metrics. The results of this study offer an implication to IS consulting company in relation to strategic performance management.


The report of the proceedings of the New Delhi workshop on the SSF Guidelines (Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication). The workshop brought together 95 participants from 13 states representing civil society organizations. governments, FAO, and fishworker organizations from both the marine and inland fisheries sectors. This report will be found useful for fishworker organizations, researchers, policy makers, members of civil society and anyone interested in small-scale fisheries, tenure rights, social development, livelihoods, post harvest and trade and disasters and climate change.


Big data (BD) analytics is emerging as a valuable innovative research area for academics and professionals, showing the substantial requirement in an information-motivated economy focused on knowledge for answers to the market issues. It isn't simple to effectively utilize the emerging technology, and it's actually more difficult to evaluate the BD involvement in enhancing company performance. Furthermore, empirical research exploring the effects on financial performance and market value of the BD remain limited. In evaluating its impact on firm value, this research suggested employing the companies intellectual (IC) capital as a substitute for the BD efficiency deployment. This research utilized the VAIC technique to determine IC, through its principal constituents: capital employed efficiency, structural capital efficiency, human capital efficiency and subsequently applied the SEM method to examine the model fit. The data in this research comprise 29 Moroccan firms registered on the Casablanca Stock Exchange (CSE). These firms are part of 8 sectors: Food producers and processors, banks, Insurance, building and construction materials, participation and promotion real estate, distributors, mining, hardware, software and IT services. The chosen information covering a period of six years, from 2013 to 2019. The test findings indicated that capital employed efficiency and human capital efficiency affect positively and significantly the financial performance and market value.


A seafloor classification methodology, based on a parametrization of the reverberation probability den sity function in conjunction with neural net classifiers, is evaluated through computer simulations. Different seafloor "provinces" are represented by a number of scatterer distributions exhibiting various degrees of de parture from the nominal Poisson distribution. Using the computer simulation program REVGEN/SST, these distributions were insonified at different spatial scales by varying the transmitted pulse length. The statisti cal signature obtained consists of reverberation kurto sis and coherent component estimates as a function of pulse length. The adaptive neural network algorithms are trained through supervised learning to recognize each statistical pattern and are presented with the task of dis criminating among the various scatterer distributions. The initial results indicate that this approach offers con siderable promise for practical, realizable solutions to the problem of remote seafloor classification.


Dragonfly networks have been proposed to exploit high-radix routers and optical links for high performance computing (HPC) systems. Such networks divide the switches into groups, with a local link between each pair of switches in a group and a global link between each group. Which specific switch serves as the endpoint of each global link is determined by the network's global link arrangement. We propose two new global link arrangements, each designed using intuition of how to optimize bisection bandwidth when global links have high bandwidth relative to local links. Despite this, the new arrangements generally outperform previously-known arrangements for all bandwidth relationships.


The Upper Bhuban Member in the Sitakund anticline, Chittagong, Southeastern Bangladesh is constituted by the light gray, light yellow and greenish gray sandstone and siltstone with dark gray, bluish black and black finely laminated silty shale to shale. The lithofacies of massive sandstone(Sm), turbidite sandstone (ST), flat bedded sandstone-siltstone (Sh), ripple cross laminated sandstone-siltstone (Sr), laminated sandstone-siltstone (Sl), lenticular laminated sandstone-siltstone-shale (Sll), wavy laminated silty shale to shale (Fw), laminated shale (Fl) with sub-facies black shale (F lbk ) and blue shale (F lb ) and mudstone (Fm) have been delineated in this member. Based on genetic aspects the facies are grouped into (1) turbidity generated - and (2) deep marine basin plain facies association. The medium to fine grained facies Sm and ST with or without Sh, Sr, Sl Sll Fw and Fm facies constitutes the turbidity generated facie association. The deep marine basin plain facies association is characterized by the monotonous hemi-pelagic bluish black shale (subfacies Flb) and pelagic black shale (subfacies Flbk) with rare to scare silty stringers of facies Sh, Sr, Sl, Sll and Fw. The facies Sm is turbidity channel in the inner part of medial fan and the complete ST sequence indicates channelized forms, while incomplete ones have been identified as channel or interchannel deposits in medial to distal fan. The facies F lb and F lbk denote deep marine environments above and below the carbonate compensation depth, where the lithofacies facies Sh, Sr, Sl, Sll and Fw were deposited as distal turbidites. The facies sequence of medial to distal fan and deep marine basin plain were repeated and randomly juxtaposed one upon other due to instability of basin probably by faulting along Dauki and adjoining area accompanied by sea level change. The paleoflow pattern indicates that the dominant source of detrius was the Shillong plateau along with minor contribution from the Himalayas and Arakan Yoma Folded Belt. Keywords: Turbidites; Upper Bhuban Member; Sitakund anticline; SE Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7491 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 1-16, 2007


Backs-pattered blood stains, where blood is ejected from a wound and travels back towards the weapon, offer valuable evidence in the investigation of cranial gunshot fatalities, in particular in determining whether the death is suicide or homicide. It has been hypothesised that one of the mechanisms leading to the formation of the backspatter is the ejection of the air at the moment of collapse of the temporary cavity behind the entrance wound. In this study a method for flow visualisation was developed to measure the velocity of the ejected air at the moment of the collapse of the temporary cavity in front of the wound channel. Bovine brain, 3, 5 and 10 % w/w gelatine and a new material M1 were used as simulant for brain tissue. All the samples were shot with a 1.000 ± 0.006 g, round nose diabolo projectile from a .22 air rifle which had a velocity of 290 m/s. A 4 W coherent Innova 70 argon-ion laser was used for illumination of the laminar flow of the 1.6 micron propylene glycol particle. The velocity of the ejected air measured from 10 % and 5 % gelatine were 105 ±5% m/s and 70 m/s ±5% respectively. Air ejection was observed from 3% gelatine but the velocity of the particles was too low and motion insufficiently uniform to be measured. Air ejection was not observed form the bovine brain and M1 samples. The results of this study suggested that the ejection of the air from the wound channel strongly depends on the elastic response of the material, and that the velocity of the ejected air reduces as the elasticity of the material reduces.


Abstract In this study, an epidemic mathematical model for Omicron, denoted as B.1.1.529 SARS-Cov-2 Variant, is constructed. Covid-19 vaccines are considered here to ensure the host population's safety across the model. The fundamentals of positivity and boundedness in this model have been investigated and validated. The reproduction number was calculated to determine whether or not the disease would spread further in Tamilnadu. Infection-free steady-state solutions that exist are asymptotically stable locally when R0 < 1 and globally when R0 > 1. Also Infection-present steady-state solutions that are locally stable are discovered when R0 < 1. Finally, the current Omicron variant pandemic data from Tamilnadu, India, is validated.


Based on the results of investigation conducted in preparatory period and the actual geological condition exposed after excavation, main characteristics of engineering geological condition of diversion tunnel is analyzed. Excavation and support measures corresponding to different geological conditions are taken during construction.


The authors investigated the feasibility of implementing adaptive array algorithms in a simulation program called the Block Oriented Systems Simulator (BOSS). Two algorithms in particular were used: the least mean square (LMS) algorithm in real and complex form originally developed by Widrow, et al., (1975) and the Applebaum algorithm. Two arrays were simulated with simple isotropic radiators used as the array elements. The first array used two elements spaced one half wavelength apart. The second array used four elements with variable geometry. The approach taken was to first implement the algorithms and arrays in the simulation language. Testing the algorithms with simple inputs and checking the algorithms ability to track these inputs was the second step. The last step was to test the algorithms with the arrays.<<ETX>>


— This study aims to assess seasonal and temporal changes in phytoplankton composition in Lake Ahémé. To achieve this, phytoplankton samples were collected in Lake Ahémé from September 2014 to September 2016. A total of 274 species were inventoried and the composition of algae includes Bacillariophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Ulvophyceae. Bacillariophyceae were more abundant during the long wet season, the short dry season, and the long dry season, while Chlorophyceae dominated during the short wet season. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant seasonal variations in water physicochemical parameters such as conductivity, temperature, Total dissolved solids, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, phosphates. Changes in phytoplankton structure were analyzed through similarity analysis (ANOSIM) and revealed that the heterogeneity observed in the spatial and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton of Lake Ahémé is linked with the dynamic of water inputs (freshwater, saltwater, nutrients). Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that phytoplankton community assemblages are mainly driven by two environmental gradients, one of anthropogenic origin, where the most influential factors were phosphates and DO. The second gradient is related to temperature, conductivity, and salinity.


This paper presents an exploration of how knowledge drawn from the positive psychology domain can be used to design products and services that contribute to the happiness of the users. Two distinctions are proposed to structure initiatives in well-being driven design: activity- versus product-focus, and promise- versus problem-focus. A design case is reported in which a product-service system was created with the main function to stimulate people to actively increase their levels of happiness. Finally, an appeal is made for a further exploration of how design thinking can contribute to positive psychology; to investigate how creating products that deliberately stimulate people's subjective well-being can be a means for both validating and substantiating the current contributions of the positive psychology movement.


An important aspect of growth process of Indian economy in the recent years has been one of high growth and less volatility. Motivated by near-absence of studies on the volatility aspect of the growth process, this study has attempted to identify the possible factors that are responsible for such a phenomenon. This study has observed that monetary policy as well as fiscal policy stances have important implications for growth stability in combination with the evolving sectoral mix of GDP.


Immunohistochemical staining with a novel monoclonal antibody, KiSl, which recognizes a cell cycle‐associated antigen, was investigated in 142 cases of stage I and II invasive breast carcinoma. KiS 1 staining indices were compared with disease‐free interval, overall survival, and post‐relapse survival. Using a semi‐quantitative method of assessment, we found that tumours with a high level of staining (34/142,24 per cent) had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a low level of staining (108/142, 76 per cent). Significant correlations were found between KiS1 staining and disease‐free interval (P<0·001), overall survival (P<0·001), and post‐relapse survival (P=0·008). A more time‐consuming, quantitative method of assessment gave similar results. Cox multivariate analysis showed these results to be independent of nodal status, histological type, and grade of tumour (P=0·01). We conclude that KiS1 is a valuable new antibody which affords useful prognostic information in breast carcinoma. As it can be used in formalin‐fixed, paraffinembedded material, it may be of particular use in the study of small lesions such as those identified in the Breast Cancer Screening Programme.


A method of controlling a push downshift of two gear trains (A, B) having the power shift transmission (3) comprising the steps of: a) it is determined that is in the inactive transmission path (gear train A) a lower gear stage than that (in the active gear train gear train B) engaged gear ratio insert; b) the position B associated clutch the transmitted torque of the gear train; c) it is determined whether the transmission path B is in the neutral position; d) it is) and step c) B output in response to the determination in step b a signal to the transmission control method for the gear train in the neutral position; e) is output in response to the determination in step c) a signal to the transmission control unit to engage the lower gear stage in the gear train A.


in the second half of the 19 th century (1864, 1878, 1894, 1895, and 1896). The incident proton energy distributions for these solar particle events are assumed to be similar to that of the November 1960 event, one of the most energetic of the modern space era. The crewmembers are assumed to be located at the mean surface elevation on Mars, at the lowest elevation on Mars in the Hellas Impact Basin, and on the summit of Olympus Mons, the highest surface elevation on Mars. The crewmembers are assumed to be shielded by the overlying carbon dioxide atmosphere of Mars, and locally shielded by a space suit, a surface landing spacecraft, or a surface habitat. These estimates are compared with current NASA Permissible Exposure Limits.


Social question answering (SQA) sites have become a popular online community platform for information seeking and social interaction. Prior SQA research has focused more on questions and answers, but has not examined user roles and their characteristics and activity patterns. In this poster, we identified four collaborative roles (starter, answerer, technical editor and follower) in Zhihu.com, a popular expert SQA site in China, and examined their characteristics and activity patterns. Our data set contained 14,779 users, 2,362 questions, and 8,486 answers from 12 health‐related topics. Results show that, starters and technical editors ask more questions, make more technical edits, answers a few questions, and are not well connected to other users. Answerers contribute more content, attract the most followers and received the most likes and votes. Followers contribute little content, and receive the least likes and votes, but follow more topics and users. Content contributing activities such as answering questions gain more likes and votes, but posting a question and making a technical edit can get more pageviews. Users have overlapping roles and more research is needed to fully understand the interaction and interplay among user roles in SQA collaboration.


To solve the randomness of distributed generation and time-varying load requirements, a multi-objective fault recovery strategy for distribution networks using a hybrid crow algorithm is presented. Firstly, the combined output model and load characteristic model of wind and energy storage system are built, and the important loads in distribution network are restored first by islands division method. Then, taking the minimum active power loss, minimum system voltage stability index and minimum number of switching operations as the objective functions, the recovery and reconfiguration model of the main network and the remaining power loss areas is established, and the hybrid crow algorithm is applied to deal with the restoration of remaining power loss load in the distribution network. Finally, simulation using the IEEE33-node distribution network model is used to verify the efficiency and supremacy of the proposed method.


Abstract— Mechanotransduction plays a prominent role in vascular pathophysiology but is incompletely understood. In this study, we report the biomechanical induction of the immediate early response gene iex-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Mechanical induction of iex-1 was confirmed by Northern (30-fold induction after 2 hours) and Western (6-fold induction after 24 hours) analyses. Expression of iex-1 was regulated by mechanical activation of nuclear factor (NF)-&kgr;B and abolished by overexpression of I&kgr;B in SMCs. The function of iex-1 in SMCs was explored by gene transfer using adenoviral vectors overexpressing iex-1. After 48 hours of 4% cyclic mechanical strain, adenoviral vectors overexpressing iex-1–infected cells had lower 3[H]-thymidine incorporation compared with AdGFP-infected controls (71.3±8.5% versus 180.2±19.4% in controls; P <0.001). Overexpression of iex-1 suppressed mitogenesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor (208.1±108.3% versus 290.0±120.5% in controls; P <0.05). This was accompanied by reduced degradation of p27kip1, inhibition of Rb hyperphosphorylation, and reduced cell cycle progression. To investigate functional effects of iex-1 in vivo, we performed carotid artery mechanical injury and endothelial denudation in low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice followed by intraluminal injection of adenoviral vectors (3×109 pfu in 50 &mgr;L) for overexpression of iex-1 or gfp (control). Vascular overexpression of iex-1 reduced neointima formation 2 weeks after injury (intima/media ratio, 0.23±0.04 versus 0.5±0.24 in controls; P <0.05). Our findings demonstrate that biomechanical strain induces iex-1 with subsequent antiproliferative effects in SMCs and that selective gene transfer of iex-1 inhibits the local vascular response after injury. These findings suggest that the induction of iex-1 represents a novel negative biomechanical feedback mechanism limiting the vascular response to injury.


Primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) involving the uterine cervix and other parts of female reproductive tract are extremely rare and the treatment modalities of this disease are also not well defined. We describe three cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the cervix, confirmed to be diffuse large B cell lymphoma on histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study. All other possible primary sites were excluded clinically and radiologically in all the three cases. The clinical history, histopathological features, immunohistochemical features, differential diagnoses and review of literature regarding these cases are described.


Product quality stems from the quality of the process used to develop and maintain it. For this reason, organizations have developed models and methods to continuously improve their software process. At this moment, these methods are onl y applicable to large organizations due to the costs required to begin an improvement program. In this paper, we present a new model with its associated method, both called MESOPYME. With this method, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can support software process improvement reducing the costs and the time of return on investment.


Abstract 445

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is a heterogeneous disease comprising multiple biologically and clinically distinct subgroups, including germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCL. We have previously reported that the BLIMP1 gene, a master regulator of plasma cell differentiation normally expressed in a subset of germinal center (GC) B cells and in all plasma cells, is inactivated by truncating mutations in a fraction of ABC-DLBCL, but not in GCB-DLBCL (Pasqualucci et al, J Exp Med 2006). In addition, most ABC-DLBCL lack expression of the BLIMP1 protein despite the presence of IRF4, another key regulator of plasma cell differentiation known to be invariably co-expressed with BLIMP1 in normal B cells, thereby suggesting that additional genetic or epigenetic mechanisms may inactivate BLIMP1 in these tumors. Here we report the characterization of the full spectrum of genetic lesions affecting the BLIMP1 locus in DLBCL, as determined by genome-wide copy number analysis (Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array), fluorescence in situ hybridization, and direct sequencing of the entire BLIMP1 coding region in 158 primary biopsies, classified by gene expression profile analysis (51 ABC-DLBCL; 62 GCB-DLBCL; 11 unclassified) and/or by immunohistochemistry (24 non-GC and 10 GC-DLBCL). This analysis uncovered a total of 22 mutations, distributed in 21 cases and segregating with an activated DLBCL phenotype (13/51 ABC-, 3/11 unclassified and 5/24 non-GC-DLBCL, vs 0/71 GCB/GC-DLBCL). The vast majority of the mutations were represented by frameshift insertions/deletions (n=10), splice site mutations (n=7) and nonsense mutations (n=1) leading to severely truncated polypeptides that lack critical functional domains and have therefore lost their activity. Interestingly, in the remaining three cases, 4 missense mutations introduced amino acid changes that were documented to severely impair BLIMP1 function by either causing protein instability (n=3) or abrogating its ability to bind chromatin and repress its known target genes CIITA and ID3 (n=1). When transduced into the GCB-DLBCL cell line BJAB, the wild type, but not three of the BLIMP1 missense mutant constructs induced cell cycle arrest. Copy number analysis confirmed deletion of the second allele in 9/12 mutated ABC-DLBCL, and identified three additional cases harbouring biallelic loss of the gene, including a focal homozygous deletion of 274Kb, which encompasses the BLIMP1 gene but not the two proximal genes ATG5 and PREP. Thus, 31% (n=16/51) of ABC-DLBCL have inactivation of BLIMP1 due to mutations or biallelic deletions. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the lack of Blimp1 protein expression in 90% (n=27/30) of IRF4+ ABC-DLBCL carrying normal BLIMP1 loci. Notably, ten of these samples (30%) were found to harbour chromosomal translocations affecting BCL6, a master regulator of the GC and a direct transcriptional repressor of BLIMP1, suggesting that deregulated BCL6 expression was responsible for the lack of BLIMP1 expression in these cases. With the exception of two cases, BCL6 translocations and BLIMP1 structural alterations were mutually exclusive. Collectively, these data identify a novel mechanism by which missense mutations of BLIMP1 can impair its function in human DLBCL, and demonstrate that the IRF4-BCL6-BLIMP1 pathway is inactivated by structural alterations in over half of ABC-DLBCLs, strongly suggesting that BLIMP1 inactivation and BCL6 translocations may represent alternative mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease by blocking terminal B cell differentiation.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A smelting experiment employing regular layer filling with large batches was carried out at Shaogang No.2 blast furnace in order to emhance the perfarmance of the latter. A good result was then obtained in the experiment, with the regular performance of the blast furnace improved, the production increased, and the coke rate decreased by 26 kg/t.


Cement production contributes 8–9% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions worldwide, and further increases in the future are expected. Traditional solutions for reducing emissions, including energy efficiency, using alternative fuels, and clinker‐to‐cement ratio reduction, are insufficient to ensure the necessary mitigation. Based on the concept of material efficiency, this study identifies new alternatives for reducing CO2 emissions by adopting a set of technological solutions to increase the industrialization of cement‐based products and the use of fillers considering a cradle‐to‐use approach. Besides, increasing the filler content in mortars and plain concrete is a desirable strategy, because it increases the carbonation rate, accelerating the CO2 sequestration from the atmosphere. Based on data from the Brazilian cement industry technology roadmap, this study quantitatively evaluates, up to 2050, the CO2 mitigation potential and the reduction of cement consumption for each adopted technological solution. The marginal abatement costs are also included to quantify each considered solution's cost‐effectiveness and compared with alternatives like carbon capture and storage. The results show that increasing the cement use efficiency enables CO2 emissions reduction by up to 45% by 2050, with a cost of USD –1.36 for each avoided metric ton of CO2, while accelerating the mortar carbonation rate. This article met the requirements for a gold–gold JIE data openness badge described in http://jie.click/badges.


Based on the p(?)inciple of double lines of atomic emission spectroscopy, a measurement system of transient optic fiber spec-troscopy to determine the detonation temperature of explosives has been designed. In this method, the spectral signal of explosives detonation is transferred into the measurement system with a telescope and optical fiber, and collected by multichannel transient record. Its time resolution can reach as high as 0.1μs. The wavelengths of the two spectral lines are Cu I 510. 5 and Cu I 521.8 nm, respectively. This temperature measurement system is simple and effective for detonation temperature measurement. Through the measurement of detonation spectral signal of the explosive, the transient detonation temperature-time distribution plots were obtained using this temperature measurement system.


It has been shown that CO(2)-expanded cinnamaldehyde liquid phase is a unique and effective medium for cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation to cinnamyl alcohol, due to interactions between the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O group of the substrate and CO(2) molecules and increased solubility of H(2).


Plasmas at high electron densities of n{sub e} = 10{sup 20} - 10{sup 26} cm{sup -3} and moderate temperatures T{sub e} = 1 - 20 eV are important for laboratory astrophysics, high energy density science and inertial confinement fusion. These plasmas are usually referred to as Warm Dense Matter (WDM) and are characterized by a coupling parameter of {Lambda} {approx}> 1 where correlations become important. The characterization of such plasmas is still a challenging task due to the lack of direct measurement techniques for temperatures and densities. They propose to measure the Thomson scattering spectrum of vacuum-UV radiation off density fluctuations in the plasma. Collective Thomson scattering provides accurate data for the electron temperature applying first principles. Further, this method takes advantage of the spectral asymmetry resulting from detailed balance and is independent of collisional effects in these dense systems.


Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of sub-health among college students.Methods Totally 1 676 college students were investigated with a questionnaire survey and SPSS 11.0 was used to do statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of sub-health among the students was 27.87 %(436/1 564) and the common symptoms of sub-health were fatigue(40.00%),difficulty in recall(29.10%),dry eyes(26.40%),easy to sweat(26.40%),and difficulty of concentrateion(25.90%).The distribution of the symptoms was not the same between male and female students.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 16 factors influenced the sub-health status among the students,induding knowledge about sub-health(odds ratio=0.674,P=0.016),the number of adverse events encountered in the previous year(OR=1.219,P=0.005),regular diet(OR=1.426,P0.001),time spent online(OR=1.210,P=0.008),worry about the future(OR=1.308,P=0.002),the extent of concerning to student of the counselors(OR=0.851,P=0.037).Conclusion The emphasis should be put on sub-health status among college students and it is necessary to carry out specific prevention.


This paper listed the definitions of mean time between failure(MTBF) in different standards,presented three different methods for the calculation of MTBF for relay protection equipment,i.e.reliability prediction,reliability test,and site failure data statistic,and analyzed an example of the statistics of the site failure data.At last,this paper presented the suitable value of MTBF for relay protection equipment,and discussed the relation between MTBF and life cycle cost(LCC).


The paper gives a detailed report on investigations of dinosaur skeletons being conducted to collect data on dinosaurs' life history. A large quantity of physiological data can be derived if the properties of living animals are inferred, e.g. body volume (body mass) and body surface area, using the methods of comparative physiology. These values can be determined through the use of some modelling assumptions if precise data on the skeleton are available. Data are measured using laser scanning and additional photogrammetric methods. The dinosaur skeletons are complex objects with irregular structures so that laser scanning technology will achieve best results. To compute the visual appearance and resultant living weight of the dinosaurs it is necessary to model the surface (shape) of the dinosaur bodies with a CAD-program. The dinosaur is subdivided into different rotational solids to approximate the volume.


Today as technology has reached up to 7nm, meeting timing constraints at such technology node has become very difficult. The experimentations have been done over a multi-clock processor block on 32 nm node where several algorithms for optimization techniques are used. The used algorithms include optimization features such as buffer sizing, gate sizing, delay insertion, buffer and gate relocation and dummy load insertion, setting of maximum fan-out variation, boundary timing optimization during concurrent clock and data and clock tree synthesis (CCD-CTS), scan chain optimization and power optimization. Each feature has its own algorithm and has gone through stages of improvement. These features are studied and implemented in both classic clock tree synthesis and concurrent clock and data CTS. Though selection of CTS style completely depends on the design complexity but it is observed that generally CCD style CTS gives better results. Complete analysis of CTS flow has been done including analysis of various new algorithms for better optimization and better QOR.


The paper establishes two models of accounting receivable management and accounting age analysis based on the case analysis.By comparing seventeen items between two models,the authors list four classes of basic adaptability characters and six kinds of business process reengineering adaptability characters,and finally discuss the application of such models.


The network time protocol (NTP), which is designed to distribute time information in a large, diverse system, is described. It uses a symmetric architecture in which a distributed subnet of time servers operating in a self-organizing, hierarchical configuration synchronizes local clocks within the subnet and to national time standards via wire, radio, or calibrated atomic clock. The servers can also redistribute time information within a network via local routing algorithms and time daemons. The NTP synchronization system, which has been in regular operation in the Internet for the last several years, is described, along with performance data which show that timekeeping accuracy throughout most portions of the Internet can be ordinarily maintained to within a few milliseconds, even in cases of failure or disruption of clocks, time servers, or networks. >


The separation of mental and physical health that exists in our health care and public health systems belies the fact that both exist within individuals in an exquisitely integrated fashion. This issue of Preventing Chronic Disease explores that integration. The definition of health provided by the constitution of World Health Organization is unambiguous in this regard: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (1). If we are to achieve this goal of complete well-being, we will have to bridge the chasms within our health care and public health systems.


An iterative method for the solution of the problem of adjusting incomplete direction observations has been known and practised for many years, apparently without theoretical justification. The met...


Optimization of software testing has typically relied on a philosophy of 'shift left' where the focus is on using automation to start testing as early as possible in a software development life-cycle. With enterprises striving for continual business transformation, it becomes essential to focus on rapid and iterative software development. Moreover, understanding customer reactions, feedback and needs, and translating them as actionable insights to software development teams. This requires testing to 'shift right', i.e. move beyond the deployment boundary, and adopt a data-driven approach leveraging post-release production data and customer feedback. In this position paper we articulate the need for continuous, shift right testing, define a taxonomy for structuring testing types, analyses and data requirements. We end by providing a conceptual framework for applying shift right testing for Digital apps.


It is not often that outsiders are privy to the workings of a Chinese-American community, but in his research, Professor Melford Weiss has done what few people (Chinese or non-Chinese) have been able to do: he has penetrated a closed society and obtained for the readers of this book an accurate as well as scholarly picture of Valley City's Chinese community. This is no mean feat, and Professor Weiss is to be complimented as a researcher. Most of the information about this community came from first-hand digging and piecing together of a-thousand-and-one bits of scattered information. His population distribution patterns were painstakingly constructed by the use of the telephone directory, school district enrollments, and interviews with local realtors. He literally became a member of the community by attending community functions, by getting himself invited to weddings and parties, and by gaining the confidence of both young and old. He has a keen eye for the minutiae for he even noted the size of offerings put into the collection plates. He was a participant, and at the same time a social scientist with a probing mind. Valley City is none other than Sacramento, California. It may well be the "Middletown" of Chinese-American communities, for it contains a more normal blend of the Chinese-American population in the United States than either San Francisco or New York. The Chinatowns in these two cities, as well as those in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and Honolulu have undergone scrutiny in many respects, but scant research has been done on Sacramento (Valley City). Therefore, this book is a pioneer work. The earliest Chinese settlers arrived in Valley City in 1849. By 1880, 8 percent of the city's population was Chinese. Today it ranks seventh among cities in Chinese population with a 1970 census count of 105,000. Such a long stretch of history makes the community an ideal one for a study of transition and change. Toward this end, Professor Weiss compared three periods of time: 1850-1900, 1900-1940, and 1940-1970. Each of these periods is marked by distinct changes that occurred within the community. For example, the first period was marked by the Chinese being predominantly foreign-born, adult male laborers clustered in Chinatowns. The second period saw more native-borns, some women, and a population dispersal necessitated by the fact that the Chinese were engaged in sel£-owned and-operated enterpnses such as laundries, restaurants, and groceries. The third period saw the movement of the Chinese into the .professions. Families were fairly common, reunited by a more liberalized American immigration policy. The settlement pattern was more dispersed, yet areas of high Chinese concentration were discernible. The most useful part of Professor Weiss' book is his account of the Chinese community organizations, His description of the structure, the leadership, the functions, the purpose, and power base is informative and detailed. As a social scientist, he has classified the multifarious groups into a structured system, and he has elucidated some of the intricacies of Chinatown politics. For instance, he explained how decisions are made Chinese-style.


The invention relates to an aeronautical thermal machine (100) comprising an internal combustion engine closed ring (3) and at least one turbocompressor (4, 5, 14). According to the invention, the thermal machine (100) comprises an auxiliary starting device (120) comprising a reserve (1) of fluid stored at a higher pressure than the ambient outside air, the auxiliary ignition device (120) being configured such that a release of pressurized fluid from the reservoir (1) result in the introduction of pressurized gas into the main combustion chamber (30).


AbstractAn oscillating multiple limiter concept for tokamak fusion reactors has been conceived. The limiters consist of half-circle or short arc segments in the poloidal direction. They are oscillated locally in the scrape-off layer. Alternately, each limiter will be in contact with the plasma for 50 ms or less at an interval of 0.5 s. It is shown that the limiter can be subjected to a transient heat load as high as 10 kW/cm2 during the exposure time and can be cooled by water or helium in 0.5 s during the off-time. Only a few centimetres of movement is needed. A simple driving mechanism is also proposed.


The morphological character of uniaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films was investigated as a function of draw ratio. Dynamic mechanical, infrared, and crystallite-size measurements were made on the samples. In addition, selective degradation experiments and molecular weight determinations were employed. The dynamic mechanical measurements indicated a sharp decrease in irregular folds for draw ratios of 3.0 and higher, which also coincided with the essentially complete disappearence of regular folds (from the 988 cm−1 band in the infrared spectra) in unannealed samples. Infrared studies of drawn samples annealed under different conditions gave evidence in support of a structure in which the chains are stretched out. Apparent crystallite-size measurements showed a sudden increase in length of the crystals in the direction of the draw beyond a draw ratio of 3.0. Molecular weight measurements showed a large increase in average chain length in the residue after selective degradation of amorphous material and folds; undrawn and slightly drawn samples gave a much lower Mn. Based on these observations, it is postulated that for higher draw ratios and present drawing conditions, the crystals are of the straight chain type, somewhat similar to the fringed-micelle crystal concept.


Abstract The influence of changing poling angle on mode-III non-centric semi-permeable straight hairline crack in an infinitely long piezoelectric strip under small-scale electric yielding is studied. The developed electrical-yielding zone rims are subjected to linearly varying yield point cohesive electric displacement to control the crack from further opening. Closed-form analytical expressions are derived in terms of Fredholm integral equations of second kind for numerous fracture parameters and developed situation zones by using Fourier integral transform techniques. The numerical case study is carried out for various piezoelectric ceramics to observe the impact of arbitrary poling angle on fracture parameters.


This research was motivated by the Re-Voting (PSU) and the Election Result Dispute (PHPU) lawsuit that colored the 2019 Election in Tebing Tinggi City. The performance of the Voting Organizer Group (KPPS) for the 2019 election in Tebing Tinggi City was questioned when the two problems initially stemmed from a mistake by KPPS at the polling station. To prove the performance of KPPS in Tebing Tinggi, the researcher analyzed the performance of KPPS in Kota Tebing Tinggi with 6 (six) indicators proposed by Robbins, namely: Quality, Quantity, Punctuality, Effectiveness, Independence, and work commitment. Because the performance of the organizers is part of the integrity of the election, the researcher uses the integrity theory of Frank and Martinez i Coma, which states that the performance of the organizing body can technically improve the integrity of the election and there is recognition of independence and Pippa Norris who examines the integrity of elections from the field of public management, namely examines electoral integrity using the concepts of electoral maladministration and 'good governance' which emphasizes technical capability and efficient performance, as well as electoral processes and procedures. This study found that although the Tebing Tinggi City KPPS has tried its best in carrying out its duties, the Tebing Tinggi City KPPS's performance is not good, this is due to several factors, namely: 1. Requirements regarding restrictions on serving as KPPS twice, 2. Minimal technical guidance and ineffective, 3. The logistical chaos of the 2019 election, 4. The complexity of the administration of the 2019 election, 5. The workload of the 2019 election that causes Human Error.


This paper presents a numerical investigation on aerodynamic control of integrally-actuated membrane wings made of dielectric elastomers. They combine the advantages of membrane shape adaptability with the benefits of the simple, lightweight but high-authority control mechanism offered by integral actuation. For that purpose, high-fidelity numerical models have been developed to predict their performance. They include a fluid solver based on the direct numerical integration of the unsteady NavierStokes equations, an electromechanical constitutive material model and a non-linear threedimensional membrane structural model. In addition, using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm, it is obtained a very low order model description of the fully coupled aeroelectromechanical system to aid the design of a simple PID control scheme for the feedback control of the wing. The resulting regulator is then implemented in the high-fidelity model and used for the mitigation of flow disturbances.


Activation of MT1 receptors by melatonin accelerates the re‐entrainment of circadian rhythms of wheel running activity after an abrupt advance of the dark cycle (Dubocovich et al., 2005). Here, we investigated the effects of luzindole (LUZ), a competitive melatonin receptor antagonist (MT2)/inverse agonist (MT1) on the re‐entrainment rate of wheel running activity and spontaneous homecage behaviors after a 6hr advance of the dark onset in C3H/HeN mice. LUZ (10mg/kg, s.c.) given for three consecutive days at the new dark onset (8.4±0.4d, n=14) significantly increased the number of days (delay) necessary for re‐entrainment of wheel running activity rhythms compared to vehicle (VEH) controls (6.3±0.3d, n=24; p<0.001). LUZ also delays re‐entrainment of 16 spontaneous homecage behaviors recorded with the HomeCageScan System. The 16 behaviors were grouped into activity, exploratory/anxiety, ingestive and sleep behaviors. LUZ (n=8) compared to VEH (n=8) delayed re‐entrainment to dark onset of the spontaneous behaviors including activity (Walk: VEH, 9.3±o.5d & LUZ, 12.3±0.7d, p<0.005), exploratory/anxiety (Groom: VEH, 9.1±0.6d & LUZ, 12.3±0.6d, p<0.005) and ingestive (Eat: VEH, 9.5±0.5d & LUZ, 12.4±0.6d, p<0.005). We concluded that LUZ acting as inverse agonist at MT1 melatonin receptors may delay the reentrainment of wheel running and homecage behaviors. Support by NS 061068.


Graphene domains with different sizes and densities were successfully grown on Cu foils with use of a chemical vapor deposition method. We investigated the effects of volume ratios of argon to hydrogen during the annealing process on graphene growth, especially as a function of hydrogen partial pressure. The mean size and density of graphene domains increased with an increase in hydrogen partial pressure during the annealing time. In addition, we found that annealing with use of only hydrogen gas resulted in snowflake-shaped carbon aggregates. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) revealed that the snowflake-shaped carbon aggregates have stacked sp2 carbon configuration. With these observations, we demonstrate the key reaction details for each growth process and a proposed growth mechanism as a function of the partial pressure of H2 during the annealing process.


Abstract 3253

We have previously shown that the PAR4 thrombin receptor and the P2Y12 receptor for ADP co-immunoprecipitate from thrombin-stimulated platelets, but not unstimulated platelets. Here we show that PAR4 and P2Y12 directly interact when expressed in HEK293T cells using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) studies, identify a region in the fourth transmembrane (TM4) domain of PAR4 required for its interaction with P2Y12 and, using a mutant variant of PAR4 in the TM4 domain, demonstrate that PAR4 interaction with P2Y12 is required for arrestin recruitment to PAR4. Luciferase-tagged P2Y12 and YFP-tagged PAR4 were expressed in HEK293T cells and demonstrate specific, saturable interaction by BRET analysis of dimer-dependent light emission at 530 nM. PAR4 and P2Y12 can be co-immunoprecipitated from PAR4-stimulated platelets or HEK293T cells stably expressing both receptors, but the receptors fail to co-precipitate from platelets or HEK293T cells pre-treated with apyrase or P2Y12 antagonist. The PAR1 thrombin receptor and the DP1 prostanoid receptor fail to interact with P2Y12 when evaluated by saturation BRET in HEK293T cells expressing the receptors or by co-immunoprecipitation studies in human platelets. Untagged PAR4 was able to compete with YFP-tagged PAR4 for interaction with luciferase-tagged P2Y12, whereas PAR1 was not. Based upon sequence comparison of PAR1 and PAR4 in the transmembrane domains, the most frequently identified sites of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associations, we have identified 3 amino acids at the base TM4 of PAR4 (LGL194-196) that differ significantly from the SFT(220–222) expressed at the aligned sequence of TM4 in PAR1. Mutation of residues LGL194-196 of PAR4 to SFT results in a mutant variant of PAR4 (PAR4-TM4m) that, when expressed in HEK293T cells, supports only 8.8% of the interaction with P2Y12 compared to the native PAR4 according to saturation BRET (average of n=3). However, homo-dimerization of PAR4 does not require this determinant, as luciferase-tagged PAR4-TM4m mutant supports saturation BRET with YFP-tagged PAR4. The PAR4-TM4m variant expressed in HEK293T cells also fails to co-immunoprecipitate with P2Y12 and with arrestin-2, whereas non-mutant PAR4 supports both of these interactions. This is the first demonstration that direct heterodimeric interaction of two GPCRs expressed in platelets is required to recruit the molecular scaffold arrestin-2. Based upon our previous results demonstrating that arrestin-2 is required to recruit PI3K to PAR4 and for sustained, maximal activation of Akt, we hypothesize that the co-recruitment of P2Y12 and arrestin-2 to activated PAR4 in platelets is required for sustaining PI3K-dependent responses to both Rap1 and Akt activation with potential consequences for maintaining platelet plug stability.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


To accelerate the development of modern logistics industry is an important change in the way of economic development means.The strategic objective of Chenzhou's building of"the most liberal city in Hunan,Jiangxi,Hunan and Guangdong provincial regional center"gives priority to building inter-provincial regional logistics center.For Chenzhou's building inter-provincial regional logistics center there are not only the superior geographical position,land development,rapid growing cargo traffic,active trade business and other opportunities;while there are still not perfect logistics software and hardware conditions,the logistics challenges of small business strength.To achieve inter-provincial goal of regional logistics center city Chenzhou should take efforts to build a logistics and transport,logistics information and logistics policy three platforms to promote the logistics park and logistics center system while construction policies and measures.


ships reveals how female narrators refl ect on their relationships with their mothers and how shared or withheld memories shape the daughter's own experience of the past. In the broader frame of the study, the signifi cant role of male authors in postwar literary discourse and public memory debates fi gures prominently, with Günter Grass serving as an exemplar. Indeed Grass's œuvre refl ects the very vicissitudes of memory and biography, from his early novels and role as Germany's "moral voice" to the shift in postWall memory culture refl ected in Im Krebsgang, with its recognition of Germans' wartime suffering, to the startling disclosure of his involvement in the WaffenSS prior to the publication of his memoir, Beim Häuten der Zwiebel. Schaumann situates her textual analyses within solid historical, political, social, cultural, and theoretical frameworks, moving adeptly from discussion of trauma theory, Vergangenheitsbewältigung, and the Historikerstreit to postmemory, from the 1968 generation and its aftermath to acts of commemoration and institutional memory culture after unifi cation. While anchored in history and theory, her readings of literature also reveal how memory texts use and derive meaning from diverse narrative structures and strategies, forms of address, metaphors, images, and the imagination. The literary works she interprets are all autobiographical in that details of the narrator's or protagonist's lives such as age, place of birth, and signifi cant historical experiences coincide with the author's. However, specifi c genre designations vary greatly, from autobiographical novel (Kindheitsmuster) to Holocaust testimony or memoir (weiter leben) to literary biography (Meines Vaters Land). Maron's Pawels Briefe is classifi ed both as "memoir" (252) and as "fi ction" (260), a seeming opposition that highlights the complexities involved in discussing the role of imagination in the referential art of autobiography. Readers wishing to return to specifi c subjects in this richly integrated and intertextual study will be disappointed by the lack of an index. Illuminating literary works from diverse disciplinary perspectives, Memory Matters represents a noteworthy contribution to the interdisciplinary fi elds of memory studies and German studies. Schaumann closes her work on a refreshingly personal note, sharing her own generational family story of victims, perpetrators, and bystanders in a manner that brings home the extent to which memory matters.


AIM
To study the changes of the cell growth, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis of colon cancer cell, HT-29, when C-erbB2 gene was knockdown by shRNA against C-erbB2.

METHODS
Cell growth, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were compared among three groups including plasmid experimental group(PEG), transfected reagent control group(TRCG)and negative plasmid control group(NPCG). Cell growth was measured by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTS
The inhibition rate of cell growth of PEG, TRCG and NPCG were 39.65%, 7.23% and 8.05% respectively. The cell growth was significantly inhibited in PEG(P<0.01). The cells of G0/G1 phase were 74.93%, 67.19%, 68.05% respectively in PEG, TRCG and NPCG. The cells of G0/G1 phase in PEG were significantly more than those in TRCG and NPCG(P<0.05).While the cells of S phase were 7.81%, 14.02%, 13.70% in PEG, TRCG and NPCG respectively. The cells of S phase in PEG were significantly less than those in TRCG or NPCG(P<0.05).The cell apoptosis rate were 19.21%, 3.13%, 4.08% in PEG, TRCG and NPCG respectively. The cell apoptosis rate in PEG was significantly higher than those in TRCG or NPCG(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION
Cell growth was inhibited by shRNA against C-erbB2 gene. Cell cycle was blocked in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis was induced by C-erbB2 shRNA. This indicates C-erbB2 gene plays important roles in the carcinogenesis and development of colon cancer.


Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel parvovirus identified in 2005. It has mostly been detected in respiratory and enteric infections and has not been studied large scale in blood products in relation to transfusion.


The article shows the important role and functions of the musical component in the performances of the Dagestan puppet theater. Analyzing a number of puppet shows, the author discovers diversity of their musical design by attracting a wide range of composers with their original approach to the embodiment of musical dramatic art.


Delayed fluorescence (DF) is a characteristic feature of light-excited plant cells caused by the back-reaction of electrons through the electron transport chain. Targeting the response of light-adapted green algae to diurnal light changes, the present study presents novel results of DF measurements in the absence of an artificial excitation light source. Based on a linear relationship between the DF counts and light intensities from 0.15 to 0.65 W m-2 during daybreak, we estimated an initial algal response to light intensities of 0.01 W m-2. Dissolved oxygen concentrations began to increase at 1.0 W m-2. A noon depression similar to that reported for prompt fluorescence occurred above 100 W m-2. Our results from multiple day-night cycles emphasize that the DF response is a function of the chlorophyll concentration and of a rapid light adaptation. The DF counts alone cannot provide a reliable unambiguous measure of photosynthetic activity.


The Computers Are Social Actors paradigm suggests people exhibit social/anthropomorphic biases in their treatment of technology. Such insights have encouraged the design of interfaces that interact with users in more social (chatty or even friend-like) ways. However, in typical `dark pattern' fashion, social-emotional responses to systems as (seemingly sentient) agents can be harnessed to manipulate user behaviour. An increasingly common example is app notifications that assume person-like tones to persuade or pressure users into compliance. Regardless of being manipulative, difficulties meeting contextual social expectations can make automated social acting seem rude, invasive, tactless, and even disrespectful - constituting 'social' anti-patterns. This paper explores ways to improve how automated systems treat people in interactions. We mixed four qualitative methods to elicit user experiences and preferences regarding how automated systems"talk"to/at them. We identify an emerging 'social' class of dark and anti-patterns, and propose guidelines for helping (social) interfaces treat users in more respectful, tactful, and autonomy-supportive ways.


This diploma work deals with the strategy of the development of the micro region in accordance with the aims od the regional politics and the regional development plan. The theoretical part explains the term such as regional marketing, the theory of region and regional politics. The practical part analyzes the current state of the micro region Morkovsko. This is followed by the strategy of the development plan of the area. The last part focuses on the projects connected to the development of the region.


The purpose of this study was to investigate students' performance in multiplication and division word problems. The "Item relational structure" and "Item response theory of non-parameter" were used to analyze the test items. The theoretical orientation of the research was based on "implicit model". By using these methods of analyzing test items, the author want to prove the "implicit model" and compare the characteristics of these two methods. According to the results, the study could prove the "implicit model", and appear some different characteristics of these two methods. The study also proposed different and advanced explanation for "implicit model".


In German-speaking countries only about 10% of cases of gestational diabetes (GDM) are diagnosed because screening is not widely performed. Undiagnosed GDM leads to avoidable short-term and long-term complications for the mother and the offspring. The mothers are at increased risk for hypertensive complications of pregnancy, urinary tract infections, premature delivery and caesarean delivery. The unrecognized predisposition to diabetes can be followed by early manifestation of diabetes and diabetic sequelae later in life. The fetus developes hyperinsulinism and is at risk for macrosomia and intrauterine death. Newborns are at risk for prematurity and for characteristic diabetogenic fetopathy with hyperinsulinism, delayed adaptation, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Malconditioning of the fetal islet cell organ in utero predisposes the child and adolescent to obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and diabetes later in life. Screening for GDM should lead to the detection and treatment of one otherwise undiagnosed case per 100 pregnancies. An undiagnosed case of GDM leads to costs of 106693,- Euro while screening 100 women would cost E 214,-to E 3600,- at most. Thus, a general screening policy for GDM would provide medical and economic benefits.


Objective Discuss on pre-hospital emergency medical care disputes preventive measures. Methods Establish and improve pre-hospital emergency relevant rules and regulations and improve the overall quality of health care visits, fully equipped pre-hospital emergency first aid with various goods and first-aid medicines,handling the relationship with urban management, traffic police,public security departmentsz. Results Pre-hospital emergency treatment success rate increase,patient satisfaction improved,health care disputes decline. Conclusion Strengthening medical care personnel legal act, enhancement of on-the-job training, elevation of the managing consciousness of first aid administrative personnel and their attention are the key measures to keep away medical care dispute in pre-hospital first aid.


Domain‐continuous visibility determination algorithms have proved to be very efficient at reducing noise otherwise prevalent in stochastic sampling. Even though they come with an increased overhead in terms of geometrical tests and visibility information management, their analytical nature provides such a rich integral that the pay‐off is often worth it. This paper presents a time‐continuous, primary visibility algorithm for motion blur aimed at ray tracing. Two novel intersection tests are derived and implemented. The first is for ray versus moving triangle and the second for ray versus moving AABB intersection. A novel take on shading is presented as well, where the time continuum of visible geometry is adaptively point‐sampled. Static geometry is handled using supplemental stochastic rays in order to reduce spatial aliasing. Finally, a prototype ray tracer with a full time‐continuous traversal kernel is presented in detail. The results are based on a variety of test scenarios and show that even though our time‐continuous algorithm has limitations, it outperforms multi‐jittered quasi‐Monte Carlo ray tracing in terms of image quality at equal rendering time, within wide sampling rate ranges.