increase of advanced service offered by cellular networks draws lots of interest from researchers to study the networks and phone user behavior. From the phone user's point of view, we are interested in learning caller behavior. In this paper, we characterize caller behavior using probabilistic models based on caller's call arrival, inter-arrival, and talk time from the call logs. A probabilistic model is generally used to predict or estimate the future observation which is conditioned by a knowledge of the historical data. The question is how much historical data is adequate? We answer this question by presenting a technique to detect and compute the adequate amount of historical data to capture the caller behavior. In fact, this adequate amount of historical data is proved to be more relevant to the future caller behavior than considering the entire historical data and hence useful for constructing a predictive model for caller behavior. In addition, we show the improvement in the performance of a Call Predictor (16) when applying adequacy of data. For our analysis, we use the real-life call logs of 94 mobile users collected at MIT over nine months by the Reality Mining Project group. This paper extends our understanding of caller behavior. We believe that the results are useful in constructing a predictive model of a time series.


In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), authors Thomas Karasic and Jeffrey Meyer are mistakenly omitted from the author list. This error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article and the author contributions and disclosures have been updated as


pp. 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aa.218 ABSTRACT Sirpur (Lat. 21° 25'N, Long. 82° 11'E) is a small village on the right bank of Mahanadi in the Mahasamund District of Chhattisgarh. It is an important archaeological site and archaeological excavations at Sirpur revealed that it was an important centre of Mahayana Buddhism in Central India. Numerous bronze images of the Buddha and Buddhist deities such as Bodhisattva Avalokite ś vara, Tara etc. were found from Sirpur. In this paper, an attempt has been given to discuss the sculptural and iconographic bronze images of Tara from Sirpur. A comparative study of these Tara images with the Tara bronze images found in other Buddhist sites of India has been carried out. The article will highlight the iconographic features of the Buddhist goddess Ta ̄ ra ̄ and her importance in the contemporary religious settings during the This article presents the results of studying the bronze images of the goddess Ta ̄ ra ̄ , from Sirpur and locating them in the context of other contemporary centres of Vajraya ̄ na faith in India that have yielded bronze images of Ta ̄ ra ̄ . The basis of the present study is art history and salient features of images have been subjected for comparison to analyse the similarity or dissimilarity observed in these images. The images of Ta ̄ ra ̄ from Sirpur include one image from a cache of images discovered and subsequently kept in the Ghasidas museum, Raipur; and five bronzes found in Sirpur


Employee welfare is a prerequisite element for the success and growth of any form of organisation. The provision of welfare facilities improves the relations among the employees and the management of an organisation. These provisions boost the competence levels and value of the employees. The balance between employees'quality of life at the workplace and home is vital, as employees are the pillars of any organisation. The central aim of any organisation in adopting the welfare schemes is to secure the workforce by providing a proper work environment and minimising its hazardous effect on the employees' work life. The basic purpose of employee welfare is to enrich the lives of employees and to keep them happy and conducted. The provision of employees' welfare may be regarded as a wise investment as these would bring a profitable return in the form of greater efficiency. The chapter focuses on determining the various employee welfare provisions adopted by different private organisations and its influence on the employee's satisfaction and effectiveness.


Based on investigations into the soil-crop system of a county,central Zhejiang Province,the element geochemical characteristics of Cd were summarized.Results showed that Cd in soil showed a trend of surface enrichment.Cd speciation in soil was mainly in ion exchange form(39.68%),which showed that Cd had a strong activity in this region.Cd-contaminated areas in the southern mountains were distributed along the river,while in the northern area Cd was of fragmentary distribution.The study also found that Cd pollution was mainly caused by human activities such as mining,industrial waste and sewage irrigation.Also,the Cd content of rice grain samples in the contaminated areas exceeded the national control standard,which should cause the adequate attention of the relevant departments.


Lake Ringsjon, located in south of Sweden, has been subject of eutrophication since 1950s and received several restoration efforts. Latest restoration effort, "Project Ringsjon", was proposed in 20 ...


This work presents a preliminary design for a high-power, tunable resonant radiator. The device is composed of an Impulse Radiating Antenna integrated with a tunable Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) in the UHF band. By changing the separation between the components of the unit cells, a passband FSS with a tunability of around 300 MHz is obtained. The device can be used as a source for IEMI/EMC testing.


Prastangen is a nature reserve that has been used for hay-making since the 1600th century, but more irregularly the last 100 years. Today most of the area is more like a forest. An inventory of five different parts of the area shows that the field layer is more widespread and has more species in the area were the trees have the largest distance to each other. In that part the trees also have the largest diameter.

Two small part of the area has been used for hay-making regularly the last 5-6 years. In these parts an inventory of the field layers status has been made to make it possible to detect changes.

In 1977 an inventory of two places in the area were made. A re-inventory of these parts revealed that one part had become too wet for almost all plants. The other part had become much darker, because of tall and wide trees. Compared with 1977 the number of plant species in that part had almost decreased by half.

To prevent the area from totally becoming a forest the hay-making areas must become larger and some of the trees must be cut down. The part of the area where the field layer is more developed could work as a model for a restoration.


Shear-induced structural changes in complex fluids of anisotropic species are very general phenomena, occurring in polymer solutions, liquid crystalline materials and block copolymer melts. The purpose of our work is to investigate the influence of shear on the structure of a highly viscoelastic, aqueous clay-polymer solution. Many structural models have been proposed for such solutions [1-3], but little is definitively known about mesoscopic properties or shear behavior. This information is important in the production of nanocomposite materials [4]. In our work, we use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to study a solution of the synthetic hectorite type clay, Laponite LRD (Laporte Industries Ltd.), and poly(ethylene-oxide) (PEO) (M w = 10 g/mol). The results reported here are for a highly viscoelastic solution containing a mass fraction of 3 % LRD and 2 % PEO at room temperature. The clay particles produce transparent dispersions of disk shaped particles ca. 300 Å in diameter and ca. 10 Å thick [5,6]. The pH and ionic strength of the solutions were controlled by the addition of NaOH and NaCl, respectively. Figure 1 shows the shear rate dependence of the birefringence of the clay-polymer solution. A distinct minimum in the birefringence is observed at a critical shear rate of approximately 40 s. The source of the shear dependence of the birefringence is due to the alignment of the clay particles and the PEO. Previous work demonstrated that the sign of the birefringence of the clay particles oriented along a flow field is negative, therefore at low shear rates, the orientation of the clay dominates the birefringence. Above the critical shear rate, the birefringence due to the orientation of the polymer chains dominates. A double logarithmic plot of viscosity, , versus shear rate shows that the solution is shear-thinning over the entire range according to a power law with exponent m = -0.65. No signature of the critical shear rate is observed in the viscosity behavior. The SANS shear cell utilized has been described previously [2]. It consists of a cylinder that rotates within an outer cylinder with the sample in the gap between them. The instrument was configured in both "radial" (incident beam parallel to the shear gradient along the cylinder diameter) and "tangential" (incident beam passing between the cylinders, parallel to the flow direction) geometries. Using 9 Å wavelength neutrons gives a Q range between 0.0027 Å and 0.0199 Å. The primary contrast in the SANS experiment used to detect the orientation of the clay platelets and polymer chains under shear is between D 2 O and the other solution components. The results obtained from the polymer-clay solutions in the "radial" and "tangential" beam configurations are summarized in Fig. 2. At low shear rates, a diffuse isotropic ring of SANS intensity is observed (Fig. 2a). The diffuse ring corresponds to an average spacing between platelets of 800 Å to 1100 Å. With increasing shear rate, the ring becomes more diffuse (Fig. 2b) and an anisotropic streak develops parallel to the vorticity axis of the flow field (the cylinder axis). If we neglect the main reflected beam which appears as a background streak in the gradient direction for tangential beam measurements (Fig. 2d), the anisotropic streak becomes the dominant feature in both scattering geometries with increasing shear rate. After cessation of shear, the streaks relaxed to an isotropic state in less than 2 min. To account for the SANS and birefringence results, our current understanding is that the polymer chains are in a dynamic adsorption/desorption equilibrium with the clay particles to form a network. The peak position in the quiescent scattering pattern in Fig. 2a is an indication of the mesh size of this network ( 1000 Å). A 2 % solution of only PEO, at the same pH, polymer and salt concentration showed no anisotropic SANS scattering at FIGURE 1. Optical birefringence as a function of shear rate. The arrow indicates the shear rate where the minimum in the birefringence occurs. (d /dt)critical


We show that in metallic percolating networks the wave nature of the charge carriers can significantly modify the classical picture of the Hall effect, especially in the metal concentration range $x\ensuremath{\approx}{x}_{q},$ where x denotes the metal volume, and ${x}_{q}$ the quantum-percolation threshold. Calculations based on the model of local quantum interference effect are shown to give a consistent and quantitative account of the recent experimental findings on the (ordinary) giant Hall effect.


Summary. Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Dyer is an indigenous vegetable used in North Eastern Thai cuisine. It has also been used as folk medicine for treatment of diarrhea and food poisoning. Our previous study has indicated that hot water and hydroalcoholic extracts from C. formosum (leaf) demonstrated anti-liver cancer activity. However, their effects on molecular targets and cellular mechanisms are unknown. This study therefore aimed to investigate effects of C. formosum extracts on apoptosis pathway and protein expression of p53, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclin D1 proteins. By performing Annexin V assay, crude extracts of C. formosum could induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that crude extracts of C. formosum activated protein expression of p53 and down-regulated NF-κB and cyclin D1 proteins. Therefore, hot water extract and hydroalcoholic of C. formosum contain active compounds that demonstrate anti-liver cancer activity by affecting cellular signalling pathways. Industrial Relevance. Our study indicates selective biology activities of C. formosum crude extracts in liver cancer cells, thereby identifying their medicinal potentials. These results are promising to be followed with further isolated compounds that may be formulated as dietary supplementary for curing liver cancer or development of anti-liver cancer drugs. Moreover, the medicinal property identified here may increase in the value added of this plant and stimulate its cultivation as valuable resource for alternative drugs. Keywords. C. formosum; liver cancer; hepatitis B virus; apoptosis; molecular targets


Activated carbon prepared from peanut hull using phosphate as an activator at 400 ℃ was utilized as adsorbent to remove reactive brilliant blue from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH,adsorption time,and initial concentration of adsorbate on reactive brilliant blue adsorption.The results show that the adsorption equilibrium of peanut hull activated carbon reached within 90 min for reactive brilliant blue concentrations of 100 mg / L. The equilibrium data in aqueous solutions were well represented by the Freundlich models. The pseudo-second order equation provided the better correlation of the used experimental data. The adsorption capacity of reactive brilliant blue onto peanut hull activated carbon found to be as high as 482. 8 mg / g. The thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process △H,△G and △S were evaluated. These show that adsorption of reactive brilliant blue on peanut hull activated carbon was spontaneous. The peanut hull activated carbon was found to be very effective as adsorbent for reactive brilliant blue from aqueous solution.


In this paper, we present a rigorous proof for the convergence and error estimates of a free boundary problem modeling a credit rating migration. The high and low rating regions are characterized b...


ABSTRACT Prediction of international water tides induced by gravitational centripetal forces of the Earth–Sun–Moon system is vital in various applications. Available methodologies and software that offer observation analysis and tide level prediction often support limited points of interest (mainly islands and ports), and they are mostly based on Harmonic Analysis algorithms. The present study proposes a geographical information system-based framework in order to store and retrieve tide information derived from co-tidal charts such as amplitude and phase charts. By retrieving the exact corresponding information of any point in Persian Gulf, the developed programme makes continuous tide prediction possible for every area of interest, including offshore locations, island boundaries, and alongside coasts of Persian Gulf's states.


The People's Republic of China, the world's most populous nation, is considering extensive development of its automotive transportation infrastructure. Upper limits to the associated pollution increases can be defined through scenarios with Western style vehicles and vehicle‐to‐person ratios. Here we construct estimates of fundamental changes to chemistry of the Pacific ocean/atmosphere system through simple budgeting procedures. Regional increases in tropospheric ozone could reach tens of parts per billion. Observations/experiments suggest that enhanced nitrogen oxides will react with sea salt aerosols to yield chlorine atoms in the marine boundary layer. Nitrate deposition onto the open sea surface would support several percent of exported North Pacific carbon production. Transport of biologically active iron to surface waters may follow from increases in mineral dust and acid sulfate aerosols. Altered plankton ecodynamics will feed back into climate processes through sea to air flux of reduced sulfur gases and through carbon dioxide drawdown.


A natural collagen membrane denatured by glutaraldehyde and treated by heating keeps its chemical stability,and has better surface properties.Moreover,it is resistant against stream sterilization,so that makes it to be available for carriers in cell culture.Although the denatured collagen carrier,C-DISK,and A-DISK all are available for carrier of cell culture,both the denatured collagen carrier and C-DISK carrier are much cheaper than imported ADISK carriers,the denatured collagen carrier can still be regarded as the best carrier for cell growth and protein expression.


Background and Objectives:It has been reported that the common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) correlates to angiographically determined coronary artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the carotid IMT and left main (LM) plaque using ultrasonography. Subjects and Methods:In fifty patients (mean age 59.6±9.9, males 35 (70%)) with coronary artery disease (CAD), the risk factors of atherosclerosis were evaluated and coronary angiographs obtained. The carotid IMT was measured in the far wall of both CCAs, with a 10 MHz linear probe, and the value of the IMT was automatically calculated using programmed software (M'ATH, METRIS Co., Argenteuil, France). The LM plaque was measured by intravascular ultrasound. The maximal thickness, ratio of the maximal thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA) and burden of the plaque were measured at 2 mm intervals, and the average values calculated. Results:In the right common carotid artery, the maximal IMT significantly correlated with the mean plaque CSA and plaque burden of the LM (r=0.375. p=0.007, r=0.408. p=0.003, respectively). The mean IMT significantly correlated with the plaque burden of the LM, but not with the mean plaque CSA of the LM (r=0.357. p=0.011, r=0.264. p=0.063, respectively). In the left common carotid artery, the maximal IMT was not significantly correlated with the mean plaque CSA and plaque burden of the LM (p=0.251, p=0.218, respectively). The mean IMT was not correlated with the mean plaque CSA and plaque burden of the LM (p=0.249, p=0.078, respectively). Conclusion:There was a significant correlation between the right CCA IMT and plaque burden of the LM in patients with CAD. (Korean Circulation J 2005;35:795-800)


Abstract The fatty acid profile was determined in single eggs and larvae of cod. By principal component analysis, a multivariate statistical method, the profile was shown to change during egg development from fertilization to hatching, and also during development of the larvae from hatching until the yolk sack was absorbed. Exposure of the eggs to 280 ± 150 μg/l of the water-soluble fraction of Statfjord crude oil had no apparent effect on the profile. On the other hand, exposure of the larvae to 230 ± 110 μg/l caused an effect during final yolk absorbtion, manifested mainly as a slower disappearance of 22:6 (n-3).


The invention discloses a traffic load sharing realization method based on a VRRPE backup group and a realization apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps sending a media access control (MAC) address allocation request to members in the backup group when a route device is added into the backup group; when master equipment receives the request, allocating a virtual MAC address, sending the virtual MAC address to member equipment in the group, carrying out load balancing calculation based on an address resolution protocol (ARP) entry so as to obtain a virtual MAC address of a target route device of a client in the entry, and sending the virtual MAC address of the target route device to the client for gateway MAC address update; when backup equipment in the group receive the virtual MAC address allocated by the master equipment for the newly-added route device, carrying out load balancing calculation based on an ARP entry so as to obtain a virtual MAC address of a target route device of a client in the entry, and sending the virtual MAC address of the target route device to the client for gateway MAC address update. According to the invention, when the state of the VRRPE backup group changes, traffic load sharing can be realized in time.


To ensure secure,stable and economic operation of hydropower generating units,the remote monitoring and fault diagnosis system based on Internet/Intranet open structure for hydropower generating units is proposed.The design principles,network structure,measuring points,sensor selection and main functions of the system are analyzed.With the system the data acquisition,analysis and processing the signals of hydropower generating units are implemented,the fault diagnosis of the hydropower generating units can be performed through Internet/Intranet.Acase studyshows that the systemis practical,reliable,and possesses good real-time performance.


Objective To investigate changes of the serum CRP levels in infantile bacterial pneumonia,mycoplasmal pneumonia and virus pneumonia.Methods 120 children with pneumonia were divided into three groups: the bacterial group,the mycoplasmal group and the virus group.Their serum CRP levels were measured and the changes of their concentration were observed and analyzed statistically.Results At the beginning of being hospitalized,compared with the levels of the mycoplasmal group and the virus group,the serum CRP levels of the bacterial group were significantly different(P0.01),while there was no significant difference between the mycoplasmal group and the virus group(P0.05).After 2 weeks' treatment,compared with the former,the serum CRP levels of the bacterial group decreased significantly,which was statistically significant difference(P0.01). Conclusion The serum CRP level has clinical significance in the differential diagnosis of infantile pneumonia.


The region of Queensland is divided into six areas through drainage divisions, something which Anne Best shows to correlate with stylistic differences in objects used by modern hunter-gatherers. This largely unrevised thesis studies six categories of object (bags, boomerangs, message sticks, shields, spears and spearthrowers), 813 artefacts in total, plus secondary sources, for their spatial organisation and stylistic properties. In the hope of finding a model for which archaeologists can study past hunter-gatherers, she illustrates how, in this instance, stylistic changes aline with drainage divisions and goes on to assess the social role of style and the environmental factors that may have played a significant role.


A PC-based imaging system has been developed for automatically identifying fluorescence-labeled individual platelets adherent to protein-coated surface under flow conditions. It is used to eliminate the laborious and time-consuming task and the subjective error of manual measurements. A three-pass image processing was developed for platelet identification. From the results, 90-95% accuracy could be routinely obtained. The platelet distribution and other related parameters could be easily extracted and investigated.<<ETX>>


This article presents research work done in the dom ain of nonverbal emotional interaction for the EmotiRob pr oject. It is a component of the MAPH project, the objectiv e of which is to give comfort to vulnerable children and /or those undergoing long-term hospitalisation through the help of an emotional robot companion. The studies carried out on perception and emotional synthesis h ave allowed us to determine a method of emotional expre ssion for our public. It is important to note that we are not trying to reproduce human emotion, but trying to ma ke robot emotionally expressive. Our experiments on th e subject have helped us determine the minimum number of degrees of liberty necessary for the robot and help ed us answer some question to validate our emotional mode l int a next experimentation. We begin the article by MAP H and EmotiRob project presentation. Then, we quickly describe the computational model of emotional experience iGrace that we have created, as well as give its evaluation. We conclude with a description of the architecture of Emi, as well as improvements to be made to its third generation.


The Gholam-gardeshi irrigation (meandering furrow irrigation) is a modified form of standard furrow irrigation, which to date, there is no study about the effects of slopes on erosion of this method of irrigation. To measure the erosion of this method of irrigation and to compare the results with standard furrow irrigation, two experimental fields with different soil textures and field slopes were used to collect data such as furrow inflow hydrograph, furrow outflow hydrograph, advance and erosion. The experiment was laid out with a randomized factorial design with three replications. In both methods, the developed second order polynomial equation for the erosion, and advance equation were able to interpolate the field data with coefficient of determination of more than 94 %. The results showed that the velocity of advance, runoff and erosion are lower significantly at 5% probability level for the meandering furrow irrigation as compared to the standard furrow irrigation. As the slope of the field increased, erosion and runoff in both irrigation methods increased significantly.


To obtain and analyze the sequence of the nucleocapsid gene from bovine coronavirus,and to produce the fusion protein of the N gene in E.coli in order to use this recombinant protein for the study of bovine coronavirus.The N gene of BCV-DQ strain was amplified by RT-PCR,in which the primers were designed on the basis of N gene sequence of BCV-Mebus strain.The PCR products of 1 347 bp in length were cloned and sequenced,and then inserted into the prokaryotic vector pET30a.The recombinant plasmids were then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay.ELISA assay was optimized of N protein as the coating antigen to detect the viruses in the clinical samples.In comparison with 6 BCV strains in GenBank,the sequence identity was proved to be more than 98.3%.Result in SDS-PAGE showed that the fusion protein had a molecular weight of 60 ku,and could be specifically recognized by mouse serum against BCV.The indirect ELISA was used to test 256 serum samples collected from Heilongjiang province and 65.23% samples were positive.On testing field samples,an overall agreement of 95.31% was generated between the the neutralization test of viruses(VN)and indirect ELISA.It is apparent that the N gene was highly conservative and is expressed in E.coli in high level,also the prokaryotic expression products of this gene show a fine reactiongenicity in immune responses.It was also suggested that the N protein may be a useful antigen for sero-diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of BCV.


The observation of Ising quasiparticles is a signatory feature of the hidden order phase of . In this paper, we discuss its nature and the strong constraints it places on current theories of the hidden order. In the hastatic theory, such anisotropic quasiparticles are naturally described by resonant scattering between half-integer spin conduction electrons and integer-spin Ising moments. The hybridization that mixes states of different Kramers parity is spinorial; its role as a symmetry-breaking order parameter is consistent with optical and tunnelling probes that indicate its sudden development at the hidden order transition. We discuss the microscopic origin of hastatic order, identifying it as a fractionalization of three body bound-states into integer spin fermions and half-integer spin bosons. After reviewing key features of hastatic order and their broader implications, we discuss our predictions for experiment and recent measurements. We end with challenges both for hastatic order and more generally for any theory of the hidden order state in .


The domiciliary program of the Veterans Administration is designed to provide continuing care for veterans not in need of hospital treatment for acute illnesses but in need of medical attention for long-term disabilities. The VA maintains General Medical and Surgical Hospitals for the medical and surgical care of acute illnesses, and Neuropsychiatric Hospitals for the treatment of severe mental disturbances. Domiciled veterans suffer from disabilities in the area of general medical and mental disorders. This article covers a population of 1,000 veterans in the VA Center a t Biloxi, Mississippi. Diagnoses averaged almost 3 per case and in most cases there were multiple diagnoses. Articles on alcoholism (1) and over-all medical diagnoses (2) have been prepared as separate reports.


Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays a critical role for destruction of terminally misfolded proteins at the secretory pathway. The system also regulates expression levels of several proteins such as Pca1p, a cadmium exporter in yeast. To gain better insight into the mechanisms underlying ERAD of Pca1p and other polytopic proteins by the proteasome in the cytosol, our study determined the roles for the molecular factors of ERAD in dislodging Pca1p from the ER. Inactivation of the 20S proteasome leads to accumulation of ubiquitinylated Pca1p in the ER membrane, suggesting a role for the proteasome in extraction of Pca1p from the ER. Pca1p formed a complex with the proteasome at the membrane in a Doa10p E3 ligase dependent manner. Cdc48p is required for recruiting the proteasome to Pca1p. While Ufd2p E4 ubiquitin chain extension enzyme is involved in efficient degradation of Pca1p, Ufd2p-deficient cells did not affect formation of a complex between Pca1p and the proteasome. Two other polytopic membrane proteins undergoing ERAD, Ste6*p and Hmg2p, also displayed the same outcomes observed for Pca1p. However, poly-ubiquitinylated Cpy1*p, a luminal ERAD substrate, was detected in the cytosol independent of proteolytic activities of the proteasome. These results indicate that extraction and degradation of polytopic membrane proteins at the ER is a coupled event. This mechanism would relieve the cost of exposed hydrophobic domains in the cytosol during ERAD. Buildup of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces the unfoldedprotein response (UPR) to enhance folding capacity and reduce new protein synthesis (1-‐4). Terminally misfolded proteins at the secretory pathway are targeted to the ubiquitin-proteasome dependent removal system, which is known as ERassociated degradation (ERAD) (3, 5-9). Accumulation of misfolded proteins or excess turnover is attributed to multiple diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (3, 6, 7). Several molecular factors involved in ERAD have been characterized (10-13). In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, misfolded ER luminal proteins and proteins carrying misfolding(s) at the transmembrane region(s) are ubiquitinylated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p, whereas, proteins carrying misfolding(s) at the cytosolic region(s) are ubiquitinylated by Doa10p. While these E3 enzymes display substrate specificity, some overlap also has been observed (14-17). In congress with the E3 ubiquitin ligases, several other components, such as E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, E4 ubiquitin extension enzymes, and molecular chaperones work for recognition and direction of substrates to ubiquitin ligases and the proteasome (3, 13, 16). As the Copyright 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Proteasome Recruitment to the Endoplasmic Reticulum


The energy and space-saving characteristios of submerged membrane bioneactors have prompted many to view them as the most efficient and cost effective wastowater treatment technology. But there are equally viable alternatives, argues Ronald van 't Oever of Netherlands-based X-Flow.


This paper analyzes Jakarta as the capital of Indonesia and the latest news from Jakarta that often seizes the public's attention. The high level of pollution, population density which has an impact on congestion and flood, and the high crime rate, are probably some of the government's reasons in moving the capital city from Jakarta to East Kalimantan. However, Jakarta still has a strategic role in economic growth. The data in the third quarter of 2018 show that the economic growth of Jakarta contributed 17.51% to the national economy. Likewise, human development index for Jakarta is 80.47 – the highest index among 34 provinces of Indonesia in 2018. Besides that, Jakarta Provincial Government is developing the city into a smart city. The six pillars of the smart city concept are also underlying its city development. In responding the existing conditions, presenting Jakarta as a smart city in the right context becomes its challenge. Furthermore, if Jakarta is no longer the capital of Indonesia, then redefining how Jakarta build its positioning is a very strategic. This paper applies survey research toward 256 millennials in Jakarta to get a description how their opinion about Jakarta. The findings formulate the design of strategic communication in the concepts of city branding and social capital.


The fracture morphology of creep rupture tested samples and microstructural evolution was investigated at 600℃,and the creep rupture mechanism of a T23steel used for ultra-supercritcal power generations was discussed under different stress levels.The results show that,under condition of high stress level,the creep rupture mechanism is similar to the ductile fracture at room temperature,and the cavities nucleate mostly at sites of the inclusions, behaving intragranular fracture.However,under low stress level,the creep rupture mechanism is brittle fracture occurred along the grain boundary,and the cavities nucleate mostly at sites of the second-phases,behaving intergranular fracture.


Knowledge of the fact differs from knowledge of the reasoned fact. — Aristotle, Posterior Analytics

What, exactly, are physicians up to when they pursue diagnoses and recommend treatments? What do they think they are doing? Suppose a physician is faced with two men in their fifties, each with


Three surface treatments for Ti-6Al-4V adherends were evaluated using a thermoplastic polymer monoether polyphenylquinoxaline, MEPPQ, which had been shown in previous studies to have good potential as a high temperature adhesive for aerospace applications. Initial results based on long term thermal exposure at 232°C (450°F) using the phosphate-fluoride (PF) and chromic acid anodized (CAA) treatments with MEPPQ adhesive were not encouraging. A significant improvement in strength retention and a change in failure mode (cohesive) at 232°C (450°F) was found for the sodium hydroxide anodization (SHA) treated specimens when compared to the PF and CAA treated specimens. Although an improvement in long term thermal durability was obtained with the SHA treatment of Ti-6Al-4V, a change in failure mode from cohesive to adhesive was noted for the RT tests after 12 months exposure at 232°C (450°F). Such a change is indicative of a degradation of the adhesive-adherend interface. An improved surface treatment with bette...


Let $G$ be a regular graph with $m$ edges, and let $\mu_1, \mu_2$ denote the two largest eigenvalues of $A_G$, the adjacency matrix of $G$. We show that $$\mu_1^2 + \mu_2^2 \leq \frac{2(\omega - 1)}{\omega} m$$ where $\omega$ is the clique number of $G$. This confirms a conjecture of Bollob\'{a}s and Nikiforov for regular graphs.


Having been the scene of language planning for more than a century in relation to the two competing written standards of Norwegian, Norwegian language planners are now facing a new challenge: how to deal with what has been termed 'domain loss' where Norwegian is perceived as losing out to English in important sectors of society, including higher education. Despite being widely used in public debate, in policy documents and in survey research, the concept of 'domain loss' is currently under-theorised. As the present study of linguistic practices in an English-medium MSc programme shows, practice is complex and multilingual and includes code-switching in a way that the term 'domain loss' or language planning policies do not fully capture. The paper thus attempts to bridge the gap between research on code-switching in the tradition of Peter Auer on the one hand and research on domain loss and language planning on the other.


The copper labyrinth seal ring in the oil-supply head of the Kaplan turbine was often worn down in operation,thus resulted in increasing oil leakage and shortening its service life.The structural reformation of the seal set has been completed.The details are described.


In the units of refining, the non-programmed stops may result in great amounts of financial losses for the company. Face with adversity, the process engineer must always be prepared to investigate,
identify and solve a problem in a manner that is efficient and quick, reducing possible
financial losses for the company. In this project, a study will be made to identify and, later, to propose a solution to a case of flood in the mid section of atmospheric distillation column (tray 25 until 27), identified thought the method of gamma scan.
UniSim Design software, from Honeywell, was used to do the balance of the material
and the energy to simulate and obtain the conditions of the atmospheric distillation unit with a total of 30 theoratical stages, two pump arounds, one rectifier and a top condenser. For the hydraulics evaluation of the devices of contact (trays) of this section, the KG – Tower 5.2 software, from Koch-Glitsch, was adopted. It uses the higher flow of vapor and liquid in this section. The trays of the mid section are sieves with two
passes. This study also used Kister methodology. When the problem was identified a suggested solution was to use the same hydraulic simulator to evaluate a new proposal, being assesed the tray (valved and one pass) bellow the section that must be modified.


Bird populations are typically monitored through breeding or winter monitoring schemes, such as breeding bird surveys or international mid-winter waterbird counts. However, systematic counts are conducted also during other seasons especially during migration periods at the bird observatories. The benefit of migration counts are that they can provide information on species which are difficult to monitor during breeding or winter seasons on a larger scale, such as arctic breeders. In addition, migration counts can provide information on shifts in phenology, which may have population consequences. This article provide information about long-term monitoring at the Hanko Bird Observatory (Halias), Finland, where bird counts have been conducted since 1979. A method how to calculate population trends from bird migration data and a new data visualisation tool (haahka.halias.fi) are introduced.


In order to improve the stability of passively Q-switched lasers we put forward a kind of pre-pumping mechanism. Based on this mechanism we deduce an analytical expression which can be used to calculate or optimize the important parameters of passively Q-switched lasers. The analytical expression has been discussed in detail and the results can also be used in many cases of passively Q-switched lasers.


Families' interactions with various forms of AI technologies have recently attracted significant attention. Since these technologies do not support developmentally adaptable and family-friendly interactions [12, 28], we recognize an opportunity to create a framework that supports family AI literacy. Our novel framework is composed of four main dimensions (4As): ask, adapt, author, and analyze. We believe that in order to ensure algorithmic fairness, this framework can be used by families for developing a critical understanding of smart technologies embedded in their lives. We define our AI literacy dimensions building on prior work and through a series of co-design and AI learning sessions with families. Our current findings show how children perceive algorithmic bias differently from adults and how families engage in collaborative sense-making by probing, tricking, and authoring AI applications in playful ways. We discuss the implications of AI literacy from the broader perspective of technology development, public policy, and algorithmic justice. We argue that AI literacy is a fundamental right for families and propose a series of learning activities and guidelines in order to support and protect this right.


Intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide offer support for patients in need of critical care. They boast a range of state of the-art medical monitoring devices to monitor a patient's physiological parameters such as blood oxygen, blood pressure, and heart rate. Other devices such as ventilators offer mechanical life support. Recent clinical research has found that physiological parameters that are seemingly unrelated to a given diagnosis have been found to show certain behaviour changes prior to diagnosis, demonstrating the potential to create systems that process this data in real time once it is received from distributed sources. Several existing computing paradigms are challenged by the real-time requirements of critical care. In this tutorial a new paradigm of computing known as Stream Computing will be introduced as a means to implement architectures for real-time analysis of multiple patients using data that have varying frequencies to watch for onset of multiple diagnoses.


An external cavity tuning range of 0.3 μm, at a center wavelength of 3.8 μm, is demonstrated from an optically pumped, aluminum-free semiconductor laser grown on a GaSb substrate, with a peak single-facet output power of 0.65 W.


This paper is the study about the representative of sewage in Neijiang city.And monitor the index of TN,NH3-N and NO3-N.The results showed that compare with《Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant》(GB18918-2002),and obtain TN exceed standard 1.07 times and 2.43 times respectively in the two sampling point of Neijiang city.Suggest that Neijiang should strengthen the monitoring of TN in the sewage treatment according to the practical situation of Neijiang.


Background: Although human bocavirus type 1 (HBoV1) is a respiratory pathogen, presence of HBoV-DNA in secretions of asymptomatic children raised the question on the significance of HBoV-positive results. Methods: Archived specimens from a prospective, longitudinal study were tested for HBoV. A total of 94 children (aged 6–36 months) were HBoV(+) during 172 upper respiratory tract infection (URI) and/or acute otitis media (AOM) episodes. We used pyrosequencing of NP1, VP1 and VP2 genes to type HBoV and subtype HBoV1 in these specimens. Results: Of the specimens tested, HBoV-DNA were successfully sequenced in 128 (74%) samples from 70 children; all were HBoV type 1. Subtypes identified (n = 108) were LWK/TW (63%), LWK/BJ (20%), Bonn/BJ (16%) and LWK/KU3 (1%). Of 46 children for whom shedding pattern could be determined, viral clearance within 30 days (13–29 days) occurred in 28%; another 22% of children had no recurrence after 32–267 days. Prolonged virus presence of >30 days (34–181 days+) occurred in 22%; intermittent detection (61+ to 170+ days) in 20%. Infection with the same HBoV1 subtype after 4–5 negative samples (244 and 265 days interval) occurred in 4%. Infection with 2 different HBoV1 subtypes (29 and 87 days apart) occurred in only 4%. Newly acquired HBoV1-URI resulted in AOM in 53% of cases. Conclusions: Children with HBoV1 infection commonly shed for a prolonged period leading to repeated viral DNA detection. Recurrence after 8–9 months suggests possible persistence and reactivation. Infections with 2 different HBoV1 subtypes within 1-year period are uncommon. Newly acquired HBoV1-URI is often complicated by AOM.


The present experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of plant oils for increasing the efficacy of insecticides and acaricides under both laboratory and field condition at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur during 2014-15. Among the plant oils used, castor oil emerged as the best material for increasing the efficacy of pesticides against sucking pests of chilli. The mite population at lab condition was influenced at different plant oils indicated that the treatment castor oil + dicofol proved to be superior among all the treatments with least mite population. The mortality levels recorded at different intervals were 56.67 per cent, 70 per cent, 83 per cent and 93.33 per cent at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, after treatment respectively. Under field condition also, the treatment castor oil + dicofol recorded lowest population counts.


Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) has dramatically changed the landscape of cancer immunotherapy; however, the complex manufacture of individualized products from late-stage, heavily pre-treated cancer patients, together with high cost-of-goods, encourages the development of simpler 'off-the-shelf9 alternatives. The unique properties of γδ (gamma-delta) T cells make them a seductive candidate for effective allogeneic ACT. In contrast to αβ T cells, γδ T cells are endowed with intrinsic antitumor activity while unable to induce graft-versus-host disease. γδ T cells have a high proliferative potential before exhibiting exhaustion. Moreover, in the context of αβ TCR-engineered ACT, γδ T cells pose a lesser risk of off-target toxicity, due to the absence of expression of endogenous αβ TCR and hence, risk of mispairing with the engineered αβ TCR. Here, we will present the ACTallo® platform, which combines the unique properties of γδ T cells with Immatics9 XPRESIDENT® target/TCR discovery platform. The ACTallo® process selectively expands Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that are retrovirally-transduced to co-express CD8 together with a tumor-specific αβ TCR. Over a period of 45 days or less, ACTallo® γδ T cells can expand >30,000 fold. γδ T cells obtained this way recognize tumor cells, express cytokines, degranulate and kill tumor cells specifically. In addition, ACTallo® γδ T cells show no signs of exhaustion after expansion, as evidenced by the lack of expression of PD1, TIM3 or LAG3. ACTallo® is intended to overcome the limitation of autologous cellular therapies towards off-the-shelf approach, by combining the large-scale expansion potential of allogeneic γδ T cells with novel TCRs against XPRESIDENT® mass-spectrometry guided tumor-specific targets. Citation Format: Mo Dao, Melinda Mata, Leonie Alten, Aleksandra Nowicka, Sabrina Kuttruff, Sarah Missel, Ali Mohamed, Toni Weinschenk, Yannick Bulliard, Steffen Walter. ACTallo: A novel approach using gamma-delta T cells to allogeneic cellular therapy to treat cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3588.


This paper extends a number of known results on slope-semistable sheaves from the classical case to the setting where polarisations are given by movable curve classes. As applications, we obtain new flatness results for reflexive sheaves on singular varieties, as well as a characterisation of finite quotients of Abelian varieties via a Chern class condition.


Difficulties in solving mathematical problems, especially non-routine problems, are not only experienced by students but also prospective teachers. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of students' difficulties in solving mathematical problems specially PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) on most difficult level. Seven prospective teachers of mathematics education from one of the universities in Aceh, Indonesia as respondents selected by purposive sampling. Respondents will take a part in the teaching program at school. Data obtained through a test and interviews were analysed descriptively. The findings show that the respondent has the most difficulty in presenting mathematical concepts, understanding information on the questions, and interpreting the data in the requested design. These three components are so related that it greatly influences the ability of students to solve mathematical problems, especially the word problem. Thus, the attention to these components is very important to do in learning mathematics.


Given the link prediction in directed network,not only the effect of the common neighbors of two nodes but also that of other nodes in the local community should be taken into account.Firstly,the in-set of one node is defined as the tail-node of directed edges starting with it and the out-set of the node is composed by the head-node of directed edges ending with it.So the local community of a directed edge includes the out-set of its head-node and the in-set of its tail-node.Then we present a rough-set similarity index to measure the possibility of a directed edge for link prediction.After the classification of in-set and out-set with the knowledge of out-degree and in-degree,the rough-set similarity can be determined by the proportion of the difference between their upper approximation sets and their lower approximation sets.Finally using two actual examples of microblogging networks we verify the effectiveness of proposed similarity index,by a comparison with four classic indexes for the precision in the condition of complete links and for the predictability in the condition of missing links.


The Stratford Festival's Macbeth and Bartholomew Fair were both full of sound and fury. But the noise in director Des McAnuff's Macbeth signified an experiment in contemporary relevance that ultimately failed to harmonize the play's political and psychological action. On the other hand, the noise in director Antoni Cimolino's Bartholomew Fair delighted as it created a complex yet unified image of humanity's running battle between desire and restraint. In the process the production evoked a full range of that characteristically human noise--laughter. This Macbeth decentered the play's psychological and moral action, emphasizing instead the political, as if McAnuff would have preferred to produce Richard III. This decentering may account for setting the play in Africa as it emerges from its colonial past; the violence and political instability marked by the rise of military strongmen seems to be the world the production wanted to evoke. But Africa is no more than an allusion here, with a finger piano played before the action begins, a character periodically appearing in a flowing tie-dyed costume, or the machetes in the concluding duel between Macbeth and Macduff. Casting black actors in many roles, including Lady Macbeth and Macduff, also suggests an African milieu. The allusions to post-colonial African strife give McAnuff the opportunity to create on the Festival Theatre's Shakespearean stage some whiz-bang special battle effects, reminiscent of Ian McKellen's film version of Richard III. War for political power is the recurring constant in the production, more the determinant of destiny than were the weakly played weird sisters. The play opens with startling explosions and machine gun fire, reminding us, before the bloody Captain does, that a brutal civil war rages. In the final battle, Malcolm and the English storm Dunsinane to the deafening sound of swooping jets and hovering helicopters; suddenly, amid more flashing explosions, a jeep crashes onto the stage, its driver dead, while Special Ops slide down ropes. As a consequence of the emphasis on political warfare and the pyrotechnics that go along with it, Colm Feore's attempt to create a complex, morally fraught Macbeth seems at odds with McAnuff's intent. Noises calculated to appall fill Shakespeare's text: crickets cry, owls scream, wolves howl, knocks thunder, humans shriek; however, in this production, the noises of modern warfare, broadcast media, and electronic music replace the sounds of nature. Rather than appall, they annoy, adding merely melodramatic effects. The almost continuous background of vibrating musical chords, like an effect out of a Hitchcock thriller, attempts to evoke suspense and create a sense of fatality but merely disturbs. For example, a quavering, electronic chord supports Feore's coolly delivered soliloquy "If it were done" (1.7.1) as if director McAnuff realized that he had underdone the play's psychological and moral struggle. (1) Thus, this production's noises smother the noise of conscience, the inner voice that chants "'Sleep no more, / Macbeth doth murder sleep'" (2.2.33-34). The battle noises and electronic music support McAnuff's political intentions but push Macbeth's internal moral battle into a mere sidebar. And the tragedy veers toward melodrama. Throughout the production, Feore delivers his lines intelligently, even subtly, but early on his ambition seems to lack spurs and later his moral struggle lacks sweating passion. In the dagger speech, he seems awkward, looking for a stage trick to make the vision seem palpable. The result is a belly-flopping dive onto a table in his attempt to seize the dudgeon. His "Tomorrow" soliloquy, however, stands out and prepares us for the resigned and resolved Macbeth of the final duel. Feore's Macbeth, his castle beset by the portentous moving wood of Birnam, delivers the speech standing downstage center on the Festival Theatre's thrust, almost at attention. Stoically, clearly, only his head moving slightly, his chin tilting up, Feore's Macbeth realizes that he is "but a walking shadow, a poor player" (5. …


Based on the matter-element model,a groundwater carrying capacity evaluation model was established and applied to the evaluation of groundwater carrying capacity in Xijiang.It is concluded that the capacity there is of class Ⅲ,which approaches to the saturation value.There is little potential for further exploitation and utilization.


LiPOiD proteinosis (hyalinosis cutia ot mucosae), originally described by Urbach and Wiethe (1929), is a rare dermatosis of which perhaps a hundred cases have been observed. The clinical features are hoarseness, cutaneous and mucosal lesions, alopecia, ]>ruritus, photosensitivity and soft tissue calcitications, usually intraeranial (Ramos e Silva, 1043 ; de Souza and Patricio, 1949; Holz, 1962). Systemic disorders may be associated ; epilepsy is the commonest, but porpliyria (Hoffmann, 1931) and hypothyroidism (Oastellanos et at., 1958) have been reported. Diabetes is frequently mentioned but, in fact, occurs more often in relations than in the patients themselves. Changes in the ocular fundi have been seen (Holz, 1962). Parotitis (Sulzberger. 1942) may occur from obstruction of Stenson's duct, and infiltration of the oesophagus, stomach, rectum, labia minora and testis has been reported (Laymon and Hill, 1957 ; Holz, 1962). Various associated congenital abnormalities have been described, notably aplasia of incisor teeth (Ramos e Silva, 1943) and congenital cardiovascular disease (Scott and Findlay, 1960).


Compared with traditional communication technologies like wired or radio frequency communications, optical wireless communication has a unique fading behavior of the received signal, that does not allow to use existing channel models without modification. In this paper the statistics of received optical power obtained from experimental data are compared to often used statistical mathematical models. These models are the log-normal and the gamma-gamma distribution. It was found that the gammagamma gives better fits to the measured data, but the quality of the log-normal fits is sufficient for most needs. This means that the log-normal distribution can be used for the development of simplified channel models which have a better mathematical tractability than the models based on the gamma-gamma distribution.


Fossil arthropods preserved in amber typically comprise only hollow spaces lined with a thin layer of diagenetically altered or decomposed cuticle. In contrast, the cuticle of inclusions from Lower Eocene Cambay amber (Gujarat, India) is commonly perfectly preserved and moreover allows the extraction of whole specimens. Here we report on the examination of several groups of solvents to determine their ability to dissolve Cambay amber. The amber dissolves well in toluene, xylene, dichloromethane and trichlormethane (chloroform). Even orange oil and turpentine oil dissolve Cambay amber quite well. The extraction of inclusions by dissolving the amber matrix enables various novel observations and further investigations with biological analytical methods, although the material is extremely fragile after extraction.


Cryptosporidium parasites cause severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised humans all over the world. The parasites have been found in more than 150 vertebrate species, and the prevalence is particularly high in livestock animals, which are considered reservoirs for human infection. In Poland little is known on the epi− demiology of cryptosporidiosis due to the limited number of studies. Our aim was to determine Cryptosporidium species/genotypes in isolates of human and animal origin collected in Poland and to com− pare species/genotypes between human cases and potential animal reservoirs. One hundred and three faecal samples were collected from 35 hospitalized patients (both children and adults) of The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Cancer Centre in Warsaw, and Children's Hospital in Otwock. Samples were also collected from 22 European beaver (Castor fiber), 55 European bison (Bison bonasus), 5 Polish horse (Equus gmelini), 14 European wolf (Canis lupus), 52 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 23 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 5 boar (Sus scrofa). Cryptosporidium infections were diagnosed in 12 (34.3%) patients by nested PCR assays. Genotyping of parasite isolates performed by PCR−RFLP or sequencing of COWP and beta−tubulin gene fragments revealed infections with 3 different Cryptosporidium species, namely C. parvum (9 cases), C. hominis (1 case) and C. meleagridis (1 case). Cryptosporidium positive samples were identified microscopically in 5 of 7 studied animal species (the prevalence ranged from 9% in roe deer to 36% in wolves). C. parvum was identified using molecular tech− niques in 5 isolates from wolves. These results suggest multiple routes of transmission of Cryptosporidium in humans in Poland, and indicate a possible contribution of zoonotic transmission.


Raman scattering data from different types of samples of the normal and superconducting phases of Ba/sub 2/YCu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (T/sub c/approx. =90 K) and Ba/sub 2/Y/sub 0.75/Sc/sub 0.25/Cu/sub 2.4/Ni/sub 0.6//sup +2/O/sub 7/ (T/sub c/approx. =65 K) are reported and assigned. A Raman line observed at 632 cm/sup -1/ is assigned to the stretching mode of the Cu-O chains. This mode is Raman inactive in the ordered O-deficient lattice but appears to be activated by oxygen vacancies along the chains. Another sample-dependent line is observed at 365 cm/sup -1/ which gains intensity below 150 K but disappears in the superconducting phase. In the Ni-alloyed material the Raman results suggest that the Ni/sup 2+/ ions primarily occupy Cu sites in the Cu-O chains.


In deinking applications, the amount of ink is commonly evaluated as Residual Ink (RI) or Effective Residual Ink Concentration (ERIC). Both of these can according to measurement standards be determined using either a constant or measured near-infrared scattering coefficient. This paper examines how selected fibre fines and fillers (typically present in collected papers) affect near-infrared scattering properties and its relation to the observed residual ink content of pulp. Results show that studied kaolin clay, GCC and TMP fines affect the near-infrared scattering properties of pulp, while the studied hardwood and softwood kraft fines have only negligible effect. The use of a measured scattering coefficient for residual ink determination accounts well for the presence of kaolin or GCC fines. This results in a more representative measure of ink content, while the use of a constant scattering coefficient effectively biases the measurement.


To determine "overload" operation problem of the ferry diesel engine, the solution project which was designed by wireless telemetry equipment was used in the ferry shaft power measurement. In order to get the received power of the propeller, the DONGHUA DH5905 wireless torque testing system was choose in this project and the torque, speed and shaft power of the rotation shaft were measured at "JIANGCHENG NO. 3" and "JIANGCHENG NO. 5" in WUHAN ferry company. It was carried out their reasonable scientific judgment "boat-propeller-machine" by the measurement. The results were show that the measurement data was to be believed and satisfied the requirement of test precision.


The fatigue test of welded joints generated in MIG welding of 10 mm thickness 7N01 aluminum alloy is conducted. Then the change of the microstructure before and after the fatigue test and the fracture reasons of samples are analyzed by microstructure and SEM observation. The result shows that the fatigue limit of the welded joints is 111.6 MPa. The welded joints after fatigue test fracture at the weld whose hardness is the lowest and the cracks extend along the direction perpendicular to the columnar grains of the weld. There is no significant slag inclusion,stomata or other defects in the fatigue source zone. Besides,the precipitates aggregate on the grain boundaries and this causes liquation cracks in partial region.


e16518 Background: Metabolic tumor parameters for preoperative [18F]FDG PET/TC imaging may be a useful predictor of recurrence in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The aim of this stud...


In order to meet future emission regulations, improve the power and reduce fuel consumption of an engine, a high-pressure GDI injector is gradually replacing the conventional port fuel injector as it is able to provide fuel injection with a more effective fuel spray atomization and tip penetration. Engine performance can therefore, be improved by using such a high-pressure swirl injector. In order to fully utilize the advantages of the GDI injector, the electric driving circuit is required to be designed with a faster response and finer precision control. In this paper, a programmable injector driving circuit for various high-pressure GDI injectors is designed and presented. A Comparison between two driving strategies of GDI injectors is summarized. Experimental tests for the designed electric driving circuit are investigated to verify its feasibility. The test of the electric driving circuit for the injection quantity of the GDI injector is under the conditions of 10 MPa fuel pressures, 1200-2000μs injection pulse duration and DC 70V executing power voltage. The GDI injector coils are driven under three pulse width (12/5/3A) peak and holding current waveforms to generate the electromagnetic force to draw back and hold the nozzle needle of the injector. Also, PWM control is introduced to the 3A holding current during the last pulse duration for quickening the cut-off response time of the GDI injector. Results show that this electric driving circuit is capable of operating stably and assures the accurate injection quantity of the gasoline direct injector.


Background: A unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary horn is a rare Mullerian anomaly with few cases reported in the literature. The symptoms vary depending on the functionality of the endometrial cavity and the presence of an obstruction. Adenomyosis is a disease defined as areas of endometrial glands and stroma present within the myometrium. Reports describing adenomyosis in relation to the Mullerian anomalies are scarce.
Case Report: We present a 20-year-old middle eastern woman admitted for chronic pelvic pain and abdominal distension. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a unicornuate uterus with an adjacent mass of 10 x 8 cm. An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) was performed, and a left unicornuate uterus was demonstrated. On the right side, a large non-communicating rudimentary horn with features suggesting diffuse adenomyosis was found. Laparoscopic removal of the horn was performed successfully, and the extraction of the specimen was made by a power morcellation containment system. The patient was discharged uneventfully the second day after the surgery, and the pathology result confirmed the presence of diffuse adenomyosis.
Conclusion: Non-communicating rudimentary horn is a rare finding manifesting as different symptoms in young women. The enlargement of the horn can have obstructive consequences on an active endometrium, and this would lead to the formation of a hematometra and the distension of the cavity, and sometimes adenomyosis.


This article describes the ways in which a class of 7- and 8-year-old children used writing to communicate. Using Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics as a theoretical frame, I examine what functions these messages served, how functions varied from child to child and how the practice of message-sending evolved over time. Analysis of data revealed that: (a) children employed all of the functions enumerated by Halliday and (b) children varied significantly in the types of functions that characterized their texts. I argue that the learning environment created by the teacher – one of trust and student choice – served to nourish the message-sending practice.


This paper studies the journal hydrostatic bearing installment on the vibration table,makes the numerical simulation and optimization design to the relevant structure of the vibration table.During the theoretical analysis this paper sets up the mathematical model of oil film and pressure field distributing firstly.Under a series of hypothesis,it obtains a control equation for fluid flow between the oil film interfaces,i.e.simplified Navier Stokes equation and boundary conditions.By using the software ANSYS of finite element analysis to calculate,hydromechanics numerical value to simulate,and optimize as well the design of the flow field of oil membrane,the pressure distribution,velocity distribution of membrane,carrying capability,volume of flow and the most optimization solution have been worked out.Based on numerical simulation analysis,the paper emphasizes the experimental research and analyzes the relevant questions.By way of the optimal solution resulted from the calculation,a series of experiments are carried out.And the influence of various parameters on oil film performance is analyzed based on the obtained test data.


Two dimensional hexagonal lattice of central elliptical air holes are studied to exhibit a common band gap. The elliptical air holes are assumed to be surrounded by circular air holes in the hexagonal lattice. These circular air holes assumed to have small radii created in GaAs and are investigated by plane wave expansion method. In order to study how to achieve the best common photonic band gap, the central air holes are formed in the shapes of circles and ellipses with various radii and rotational angles. The results indicate that the best common band gap for both TE and TM polarizations are 94% at angles of 60° and 240° for elliptical air holes. PACs: 42.70.Qs; 42.55.Tv; 42.65.Pc Key word: Photonic crystal; Photonic band gap; Transvers electric wave; Transvers magnetic wave; Plane wave expansion method.


Processes of disintegration in the industry are considered, forms of manifestation of disintegration processes in the industry are systematized, the key reasons of disintegration and factors influencing her are established, classification of types of disintegration manifestations is offered. The directions of increase of effective management of not integrated industrial enterprises are given.


The article presents investigation's results of the Olympic education as means of bringing up of ethnic tolerance of younger adolescents in the course of training in Physical Education (PE). The research considers the Olympic education as a kind of the education, in which values of Olympism and experience of the Olympic Movement act as source. As a result of research, additional data about the level of ethnic tolerance of younger adolescents of the Vologda region (n = 432) are obtained. It is established that indicators of ethnic tolerance of respondents are lower comparing with indicators of their social and personal tolerance. Research showed that the level of ethnic tolerance of boys is lower, than the girls' one. The analysis of curriculum of PE course is carried out. It proves possibility of inclusion of the «ethnic» component in the Olympic element of PE lessons in secondary schools in forms of analysis of the concrete situations and implementation of the projects. Efficiency of the suggested recommendations will be checked by means of pedagogical experiment at the next stage of the research.


In this study, The Organizational Climate Description for Elementary Schools (OCDQ-RE) (Hoy & Tarter, 1997b) has been adapted into Turkish. The scale was applied to a 230-people- sample group. Explanatory Factor Analyses (EFA) was executed for structural validity of the scale. The results of the EFA showed that scale consisted of six factors. The factors were named as a "Supportive Principal Behavior", "Directive Principal Behavior", "Restrictive Principal Behavior", "Intimate Teacher Behavior", "Collegial Teacher Behavior" and "Disengaged Teacher Behavior" paying attention to their uses in the original scale and in Turkish. The scale consists of Likert type 39 items and four answer choices as "rarely occurs, sometimes occurs, often occurs and very frequently occurs". Item factor loadings in the related scale range from 0.46 and 0.82, corrected item-total correlations between 0.35 and 0.77, and reliability coefficients between 0.70 and 0.89. As a result of the findings of this study, The Organizational Climate Scale was found out to be a valid and reliable measurement tool to be used in describing the organizational climate of the public elementary and secondary schools


Owing to the rapid growth of competition in the automobile industry and the wide variety of customer demands, automobile manufacturer's supply chain management must have higher standards in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of their logistics distribution. Given the current practical challenges of materials distribution in the mixed-model assembling line system in the automobile industry, this study uses DEA-CCR analysis to compare the set parts system (SPS) model with the traditional models, and found that the SPS distribution model is superior to the traditional models in terms of distribution service quality, investment cost, distribution cost, distribution efficiency, and distribution continuity delivery punctuality and delivery staff. This research not only provides a systematic analysis of distribution models, but also offers a number of future research and implementation opportunities to scholars and practitioners in this field.


Many scholars have linked Corporate Governance (CG) and performance or CG, capital structure of banks or market structure. The decision to use the capital market or debt in order to obtain the necessary capital to finance firms' operations is a critical factor for the formulation of corporate environment, because it contributes to the ownership concentration or diffusion and to corporate risk exposure level.

The paper's goal is to link all these three dimensions and to address the issue of whether performance and capital structure are the decisive factors of good corporate governance or vice versa and whether these dimensions are the drivers of banks' financial health, strategic robustness and survival effectiveness. Furthermore, the paper is seeking to detect the differences (if any) among banking systems across Europe.

To do that a double sample is selected (covering the period from 2004 to 2013). The first sample is comprised by European banks that merged. The second sample is comprised by European banks that survived the last merger & acquisition wave and the systemic shock of the double crises of 2002 and 2008.

A combined ratio of performance (ROAA or ROEA) and debt to equity (DE or debt aggravation) is used to determine if there is a connection between capital structure and CG quality of banks. Panel data methodology is used.

The econometric results show that there are no significant differences between the strata that are used for this research. There is no common factor or driver between the banking systems of Europe. This is an indication that the convergence theory of corporate governance systems is yet confirmed.


This paper proposes VEIL—a novel, "plug-&-play" Virtual (Ethernet) Identifier (Id) Layer for below IP networking. The objective is two-fold: i) VEIL directly addresses the scala- bility, efficiency and reliability challenges facing the traditional Ethernet, while retaining its "plug-&-play" feature; ii) but perhaps more importantly, VEIL provides a uniform (below IP) convergence layer to support a large, dynamic and heterogeneous (layer-2) network that is capable of connecting hundreds of thousands or more diverse physical devices. The key idea in our design is to introduce a topology-aware, structured virtual id (vid) space onto which both physical identifiers as well as higher layer addresses/names are mapped. VEIL completely eliminates network-wide flooding in both the data and control planes, and thus is highly scalable and robust. I. INTRODUCTION


Some of the applications of neural network techniques in different methods, in computational electromagnetics, are highlighted. Applications in finite element method for automated mesh generation are described. Extrapolation of the FDTD data using FIR filter‐based neural network is illustrated. Use of the neural network method in spectral domain technique for determination of resonant frequency of a microstrip resonator and the input impedance of a microstrip antenna are shown. Furthermore, potential application areas are identified. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12: 98–108, 2002.


The coexistence of a diffusive pioneer-climax species model is investigated under the Neumann boundary condition.First,the priori estimates of steady-state solutions are given.Then,based on treating d as bifurcation parameter,the existence of positive steady-state solution is derived mainly by using of the global bifurcation theory,the degree theory and the maximum principle.Also the local bifurcation can be extended to global bifurcation.Moreover,a detailed description for the global bifurcation of the set of the non-constant positive solution is given.Finally,the continuum Γj joins up with infinity is discussed.


W e report a Jordanian Arab family where two sibs developed the classical clinical and radiological features of pantothenate kinase associated neurode-generation (PKAN, formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz disease) but in addition had an early onset cerebellar ataxia. 12 Using polymorphic microsatellite markers we have shown that this family is not linked to the pantothenate kinase gene (PA N K 2) on chromosome 20. 2 We hypothesise that the disorder, Karak syndrome, is novel and a member of the growing family of neurological diseases involving excess cerebral iron accumulation, for example, PKAN, neuroferritin-opathy, aceruloplasminaemia, and Friedreich's ataxia. 2–6 CLINICAL STUDIES Both affected members (fig 1, IV.1 and IV.2) were the product of a normal pregnancy and birth and had normal developmental milestones and progress at school until disease onset at the age of 6 years. They developed an ataxic gait that was slowly progressive, and was associated with decreased school performance. At 8 years of age they developed inverted feet (calcaneovarus), which was associated with frequent falls. Around the age of 9 years, both started to have choreiform movements of all four limbs, more marked in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs. By the age of 10 years the condition had progressed and they were unable to walk without assistance , and they left school soon after. Their mother found difficulty in feeding them because of swallowing problems after the age of 10 years and they were unable to dress, bathe, or feed themselves by their mid-teens. There were no visual or auditory symptoms or history of epilepsy. Both parents and four older sibs, two brothers and two sisters, were in good health. The parents were first cousins and came from an inbred family (fig 1). The family lived in Karak, a town in southern Jordan. On examination at the ages of 12 and 14 years respectively, the patients were not dysmorphic and were well grown (height, weight, and head circumference between the 10th-50th centiles). No telangiectasia was found on skin or mucus membrane, nor were skeletal abnormalities detected. Pursuit eye movements showed bilateral limitation of upward gaze in both children; saccadic eye movements were abnormal with bilateral hypometric saccades. Visual acuity was normal, as were the pupillary responses, fundoscopy of the optic discs and retina, and slit lamp examination. Both affected children had dysarthric scanning speech with dystonic features. There was dystonic movement of the tongue and facial …


To appreciate the importance of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial,1 one needs to remember that the systolic blood pressure (BP) target currently recommended by major guidelines for diabetic patients, that is, 130 mm Hg, except in the Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes Study (ABCD) normotensive trial,7 which consisted of only a few hundred patients and had changes in creatinine clearance as the primary end point. Thus, ACCORD represents the only large-scale randomized trial that provides information on what happens to the cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients when SBP is reduced to 130 mm Hg as a result of randomization to the usual (rather than the tight) BP control treatment strategy. Thus, the message from ACCORD to guidelines and clinical practice is that in diabetic patients it is not necessary to adopt …


Introduction. Stephanie Wilson -- Section 1. A Multiplicity of relationships in Psychotherapy -- Five Facets of The Therapeutic Relationship. Counterpoint. Eros in The Consulting Room -- Section 2. The Five Facets differentiated -- The Working Alliance. Counterpoint, Vengeance of The Victim -- the Transference/countertransference Relationship. Counterpoint. Stories. Drama and Narratives -- The Developmentally Needed or Reparative Relationship. Counterpoint. The Reluctant Adult -- The Person--to--person Relationship, counterpoint. Values in Psychotherapy -- The Transpersonal Relationship. Counter--counterpoint -- Section 3. The Five--relationsip Framework in Clinical practice. Counterpoint. Being Creative. Creative Being -- Training. Supervision and Ethical Issues. Counterpoint. In Recognition of Dual Relationships -- Coda -- researching The Therapeutic Relationship. Index.


To study the pattern of self-medication for Acne vulgaris among undergraduate medical/paramedical students and to assess the awareness about medications. 256 participants of either gender (17-25 yrs) included in the study to answer a structured questionnaire. 162 (63.3%) subjects had Acne vulgaris, 73.5% with Grade-I, 22.8% Grade-II and 3.7% Grade–III. Self-medication reported in 52.5% participants; 63 on topical, 8 on oral and 14 on both the formulations. The reasons quoted included: - mild nature of the disease, time saving, to save cost of consultation. Self-medication was based on the suggestions by family members, friends/classmates, literature, media, old prescriptions and beautician. The medications included commercial anti-acne creams (21.17%), herbal products (18.8%), home remedies (17.65%), clindamycin gel (10.6%), benzoyl peroxide (8.23%), erythromycin (1.17%), oral erythromycin (1.17%) and combinations (21.17%). The intended purpose being: - relief of symptoms, cosmetic appeal or both. Only 38.82% subjects had awareness about medications. 80% of subjects had improvement, 1.17% worsening and 18.83% no change. Adverse effects included itching, darkening/discoloration, burning and peeling. Self-medication for Acne vulgaris was fairly common among medical/paramedical students. However proper awareness about the medications was limited and hence appropriate guidance needed to avoid


Mahseers (Cyprinidae) is one of the most important freshwater fish in Southeast Asia. This fish is being a consumption fish, ornamental and sport fishing. Mahseers can grow up to more than 30 kg. Therefore, this species is called The King of The River. This paper reviewed some aspects of this interesting fish. A total of 54 papers have been reviewed where some of the papers come from our Ichthyos Research Group, Universitas Syiah Kuala. There are 50 species of mahseer throughout the world, where 20 species of which are found in Asia. Indonesia has four species of mahseer, namely; Tor tambra, T. tambroides, T. duorenensis, and T. soro, of which two species, T. tambra and T. tambroides are found in Aceh province. Between the two species, T. tambra has a wide distribution. The original habitat of the mahseer fish waters with speed currents, clear water, high dissolved oxygen, and low water temperatures. In the wild, mahseers migrate upstream for spawning during periods of high flooding in the early rainy season. The spawning occurs one or two months at the place that is inundated during floods. Mahseer is omnivorous, they fed on mollusks, aquatic plants, small fish, insects to fruits that grow on the banks of rivers. Mahseer fish in rearing ponds are often attacked by Lernea sp., Argulus sp., Trichodina sp., and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi worms


Modern long-haul optical communication systems transmit data on all available single-mode fiber dimensions, time, polarization, wavelength, phase and amplitude. Powerful digital signal processing and forward error correction has pushed the per-channel throughput towards its theoretical limits and the bandwidth is limited by the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Maximizing the spectral efficiency (SE), i.e. the throughput normalized to bandwidth, is therefore of indisputable importance. Even more so in optical networks as large routing guard-bands drastically reduce the SE of traditional WDM systems. Flex-grid networks with optical superchannels can overcome this limitation. Superchannels consist of multiple tightly packed WDM channels routed as a unit. A comb-based superchannel is formed by encoding independent information onto lines from an optical frequency comb, a multi-wavelength light source fully determined by its center frequency and line spacing. This thesis studies the generation, transmission and detection of comb-based superchannels. Focus is on profiting from unique frequency comb properties to realize systems with capabilities beyond that of conventional systems using arrays of independent lasers. Digital, analog and optical processing schemes are proposed, and combined, to increase the system SE. Superchannel modulation is investigated and a scheme capable of encoding independent information onto the lines from a frequency comb in a single waveguide structure is demonstrated. By combining overhead-optimized pilot-based DSP with a 22GHz-spaced soliton microcomb, superchannel transmission with record SE for distances up to 3000km is realized, closing the performance gap between chip-scale and bulk-optic combs in optical communications. The use of two optical pilot tones (PTs) to phase-lock a transmitter and receiver comb pair is studied, realizing self-homodyne detection of a 50x20Gbaud PM-64QAM superchannel with 4% pilot overhead. The PT gains are furthermore analyzed and a complexity-performance trade-off using a single PT and low complexity DSP is proposed. The scheme is used to demonstrate 12bits/s/Hz SE over the full C-band using 3x50xGBaud PM-256QAM superchannels and DSP-complexity reduction at distances exceeding 1000km is shown. Finally, a comb-enabled multi-channel joint equalization scheme capable of mitigating inter-channel crosstalk and thereby minimizing the SE loss from spectral guard bands is demonstrated.


By the summary and analysis of the popularity on symphony, elaborated the vital role and status of symphony in the university cultural reconstruction, proposed the suggestion about how to hand over the promotion and popularization of symphony in the campus culture .


High-impact and low-probability extreme events worldwide has drawn extensive academic attention to the disaster response capability of distribution systems. In order to improve the ability to cope with power supply shortage events caused by extreme heat wave, an urban distribution network energy management method and performance assessment index based on orderly power consumption are proposed in the paper. By coordinating various peak shifting and averting management measures that reflect the typical load characteristics of users and their willingness to participate on a daily time scale, distributed energy resources in the system are coordinated to maximize power supply in extreme weather. The corresponding resilience assessment index is proposed, and the effectiveness of the proposed method on resilience improvement is verified by comparing with the basic scheduling strategy.


WHETHER THEY'RE lighting up Roman candles or basking in the glow of a fireworks extravaganza this Fourth of July, chemists are entitled to feel a certain amount of professional pride along with their patriotism. After all, it's chemistry that gives a humble bottle rocket its pop and makes a chrysanthemum shell bloom into a crowd-pleasing explosion of colored sparks. Even so, when it comes to pyrotechnics, students of chemistry would be wise to bear in mind this old adage from physics: What goes up must come down. The complex brew of oxidizers, propellants, fuels, binders, and coloring agents is what makes each firework's burst brilliant. But it leaves behind a smoky ghost of combustion products and particulate matter, which waft their way into the nearby soil and water. The same thing happens when real rockets give off their red glare. Military pyrotechnics, which encompass everything from missile propellants to handheld flares, release a plume ...


SAFETY STANDARDS IN THE USA PRESCRIBE THAT IMPACTS AT SPEEDS UP TO 8 KM/HR SHOULD TAKE PLACE WITHOUT DAMAGE TO THE VEHICLE ITSELF. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE BODY MUST BE SUFFICIENTLY SOFT THAT WHEN ACCIDENTS OCCUR AT HIGH SPEEDS THE PRESCRIBED DECELERATION VALUES ARE NOT EXCEEDED. WITH THE AID OF CHEMICAL MATERIALS IT IS POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE FRONT AND REAR UNITS WHICH WILL FULFIL BOTH REQUIREMENTS. THIS REPORT CONTAINS INFORMATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF BAYER MATERIALS AND THE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. THE PUBLICATION IS OUT OF PRINT. RESULTS WILL BE RE-ISSUED IN 1978.


Differential line protection has been playing a major role in power transmission line protection due to its simplicity, operation speed, and high sensitivity. However, problems with communication channel make current comparisons difficult to achieve. To improve the insensibility to this problem, this paper proposes a new approach. First, the three currents are acquired. Then these currents are transmitted to the other relay. However, instead of sending directly these currents to the other relay, first a Park transformation or ABC-dqo transformation is performed. The received currents are in dqo components. In this way, the transmitted signals are DC components. Before calculating the difference between the currents entering and leaving the protected zone an inverse transformation of the received currents (dqo-ABC) is made. Using this approach, immunity to problems such as sampling misalignment and time delay of the communication channel will be improved. A new methodology associated to this approach was also proposed. The obtained advantage is that it allows the reduction of the number of signals that must be transmitted between relays (using only do components). This methodology also improves the relay sensitivity. Several test results are presented in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


In order to screen the available fertilizer suitable for lettuce production,the application effects of 5 kinds of available fertilizer on the plant height,yield and economic benefits of lettuce were studied.The results showed that the plant height and yield of lettuce were significantly increased and the economic benefit was improved using the available fertilizer.The roles of increasing height,yield and economic benefit with the application of SACF vegetable fertilizer and appollo double sulfur-based compound fertilizer was obvious,the yields were increased by 16.00% and 15.40% and the economic benefit were increased by 11.13% and 10.53% compared with CK.Therefore,SACF vegetable fertilizer and appollo double sulfur-based compound fertilizer had a wide application prospect in the production of lettuce and should be further promoted.


Abstract The first record of a European blackberry leaf gall midge, Dasineura plicatrix (Loew), is confirmed from North America. Specimens were reared from damaged leaves of blackberry, Rubus laciniatus Willd. (thornless variety 'Chester'), and red raspberry, R. idaeus L. (variety 'Cascade Delight') (Rosaceae), in southwestern British Columbia. Photographs of the damage and illustrations of the male terminalia and female ovipositor are presented to assist future determinations.


Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that has emerged as a powerful tool to identify the brain regions involved in cognitive processes. FMRI offers spatial and temporal resolutions adequate to measure the location, amplitude and timing of brain activity. FMRI data are commonly analyzed voxel-by-voxel using linear regression models (statistical parametric mapping). This requires information about stimulus timing and assumptions about the shape and timing of the hemodynamic response. This approach may be too restrictive to capture the broad range of possible brain activation patterns in space and time and across subjects. This dissertation presents a multivariate data-driven approach using self-organizing maps that overcome the aforementioned limitations. A self-organizing map is a topology-preserving artificial neural network model that transforms high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional map of output nodes using unsupervised learning. This dissertation proposes novel graph-based visualizations of self-organizing maps for extracting fine spatiotemporal patterns of brain activities from fMRI data to measure relative timings of brain responses.
This approach was employed to identify voxels responding to the task and detect differences as small as 28 ms in the timings of brain responses in visual cortex. It outperformed other common techniques for voxel selection including independent component analysis, voxelwise univariate linear regression analysis and a separate localizer scan. This was verified by observing a statistically strong linear relationship between induced and measured timing differences. The approach was also used to correctly identify and classify task-related brain areas in an fMRI reaction time experiment involving a visuo-manual response task. In summary, the graph-based visualizations of self-organizing maps help in advanced visualization of cluster boundaries in fMRI data, thereby enabling the separation of regions with small differences in the timings of their brain responses and helping to measure relative timings of brain responses.


Light emission and detection are the two fundamental attributes of optoelectronic communication systems. Until now, both functions have been demonstrated using the p-n diode which is exploited across a wide range of applications. However, due to the competing dynamics of carrier injection and photocarrier collection, with this device light emission and detection are realized separately by switching the direction of the applied electrical bias. Here we use mobile ions in halide perovskites to demonstrate light-emitting photodetection in either condition of applied electrical bias. Our device consists of a CsPbBr$_3$ microwire which is integrated with single-walled carbon nanotube thin film electrodes. The dual functionality stems from the modulation of an energetic barrier caused by the cooperative action of mobile ions with the photogenerated charge carriers at the perovskite-electrode interface. Furthermore, such complex charge dynamics also result in a novel effect: light-enhanced electroluminescence. The observed new optoelectronic phenomena in our simple lateral device design will expand the applications for mixed ionic-electronic conductors in multifunctional optoelectronic devices .


This chapter is based on a previous article in which the features of protagonizar and some other related verbs – usually labelled as agentive or similative – were analyzed. Now it is argued that protagonizar is not in fact a semi-light verb, despite the similarities that it shares with them. It is claimed that the features of the utterances in which protagonizar appears may be explained through the basic meaning of the verb, the semantic, sub-lexic, encyclopaedic or frame properties of the noun which is expressed as the object, and the interaction between both parameters. After examining the behavior of light and semi-light verbs, it is argued that these features really make verbs like lanzar, cultivar, adquirir, organizar or planear a special kind of verbs, extending the category. Keywords: Denominal verbs; agentive verbs; similative verbs; light verbs


Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems currently rely heavily on transponded satellites, both military and commercial at X-, Ku- and Ka-bands, for missions requiring beyond line of sight connectivity. Ku-band commercial satellites are the work-horse for both manned and unmanned Airborne ISR (AISR) operations today. In the future, C4ISR systems will require higher throughput, greater protection and improved affordability to align with future mission needs, mitigate threats, and fit within budgetary constraints. Intelsat EpicNG satellites provide cost-effective, next-generation, Ku-band capabilities including spot beams, higher throughput, improved efficiencies, and protection using deployed infrastructure. In this paper, the EpicNG architecture is described with comparisons to the legacy Ku-band systems and its application to the unique performance and mobility management needs of AISR systems. A detailed performance analysis is presented using representative AISR systems against a set of manned and unmanned mission/platform scenarios, with comparisons to legacy Ku-band and WGS Ka-band performance. It is shown that the EpicNG Ku-band constellation offers unique performance and affordability opportunities for AISR missions and enables the next generation military Ku/Ka-band C4ISR infrastructure.


The term 'transitional justice' appears to have been coined by American scholars in the early 1990s. Two seminal conferences held at the time used the term 'transition' and framed the evolving discussion: in 1991, 'Political Justice and Transition to the Rule of Law in East Central Europe', under the auspices of the University of Chicago and the Central European University in Prague, and in 1992, 'Justice in Times of Transition', in Salzburg. These were primarily attempts to apply the experience of the Latin American transitions from dictatorship of the 1980s to the political transformations in Central and Eastern Europe after the fall of the Berlin wall. This field of 'transitional justice' was considered to be a component of the wave of democratization that seemed to affect many regions of the world at the time. Other expressions like 'rule of law' and 'post-conflict justice' were also employed in the same context. At the time, 'transitional justice' was used to describe a range of initiatives such as the nascent truth commissions in Chile, El Salvador and South Africa, and the purging or lustration of former officials in eastern European states. These were essentially national initiatives although in some cases, such as the Salvadorean truth commission, the United Nations was involved. These developments were studied from the standpoint of comparative law and practice rather than from that of international law. There was a sense that these developments were desirable, but little suggestion that they were


Ministries of finance are often asked to guarantee a state-owned electricity utility's payments to an independent power producer under a power-purchase agreement. To decide whether to grant the guarantee, the ministry should have at least a rough estimate of the guarantee's expected cost. Making use of an analogy between a power-purchase agreement and a debt contract, this paper shows how the ministry can get such an estimate by applying a method developed to estimate the expected cost of debt guarantees. An estimate of the probability of the utility's not being able to meet its obligations under the power-purchase agreement can be derived from the utility's actual or estimated credit rating in the absence of government support. The government's expected payments under the guarantee can then be estimated by multiplying the utility's payments under the power-purchase agreement by this probability. The estimates produced by the method will be imprecise, but the method may be easier to apply than alternative methods, and an imprecise estimate may be better for policy makers than no estimate.


Objective:To discuss the correlation between umbilical artery lactate levels and neonatal asphyxiation,and correlated factors of neonate,Neonatal Behavioral Neurological. Assessment( NBNA ),in order to predict the prognosis of the newhom infants .Methods:Choose the neonates in the vaginal delivery and the cesarean section and divide them into three groups, the neonates of no distress and no asphyxiation as control group,the neonates with distress but no asphyxiation as group I,and the asphyxial neonates as group II.Measure theumbilical artery lactate levels and the NBNA of the three groups.Results:Umbilical artery lactate levels of group II were significant higher than the other two groups(P0.01).There was no significant difference of NBNA scores between the control group and group I (P0.05).However there were significant difference between the control group and the group II (P0.05).Conclusion:There is a positive correlation between the neonatal lactate levels and fetal distress,neonatal asphyxiation,and there is a negative correlation between the neonatal lactate levels and the neonatal scores of NBNA in asphyxiation group,however there is no correlation in distress group.