Rapid vehicle growth in developing nations makes it necessary for these nations to address the transportation and environmental impacts of on-road mobile sources. To estimate the air quality impact of their fleets, many nations have adopted modified versions of U.S. or European emissions models or factors. In most cases, these models can lead to significant errors in emissions estimates. To address this problem, a new on-road mobile source emissions model, called the international vehicle emissions (IVE) model, designed for use in developing countries has been developed. The IVE model was developed jointly by researchers at the International Sustainable Systems Research Center and the University of California at Riverside. The IVE model uses local vehicle technology distributions, power-based driving factors, vehicle soak distributions, and meteorological factors to tailor the model to the local situation. In addition, an intensive 2-week field study was designed to collect the necessary fleet and activit...


A method for designing and/or operating a robot (10) includes determining several potential contacts (POI1-POI8) and establishing a contact-specific quantity (x1-x8) (S30) for each of these contacts. The contacts are assigned to different groups (C1-C8) (S20) and, in particular for selected groups, at least one group-specific quantity (y11-y33)(S40) based on contact-specific quantities of contacts assigned to this group is determined. The contact-specific quantities and/or at least one group-specific quantity are determined in dependence of a potential medical harm to a person.


A hub (2, 22) having an external toothing (4) for engaging into a sleeve internal toothing and having a central recess (23) for making contact with a shaft, wherein the external toothing (4) is formed from a plurality of toothing portions which are separated from one another by toothing windows (7), and wherein the hub (2, 22), when not mounted on the shaft, has a pitch error which decreases in a direction away from the toothing windows (7).


The metamorphic complex rock of Archean is a set of gneiss with mixing magnetite-quartzite,with the most obvious feature and the best typical,and is distruted widely in Jianping local of the west Liaoning.Research indicated by the petrology and geochemistry,that the formerly established Xiaotazigou Formation metamorphic rock system is consisted of supercrustal rocks and plutonic granite complex.Manly to metamorphic plutonic rocks,supercrustal rocks floats among metamorphic plutonic rock in a enclave form.Metamorphic supercrustal rocks is consisted of plagioclase-amphibolite,granulite and ultra mafic rocks,and original rock is a set of basic-ultramafic volcanics.Causes of magnetite quartzite has a genetic relationship with basic volcanics and selimentary-volcanic.Original rockof Ye-bai-shou gneiss,plagiognesis and second-feldspar gneiss is invaded diorite,britain goes diorite and two granite.


The content of Zn,Cu,Fe,Ca,Pb,Cd in hair of 30 patients with senile dementia and that of 34 healthy old men was determined by FAAS.The results showed that the content of Zn,Fe,Ca in senile dementia group was significantly lower than healthy group(P0.01).The content of Pb,Cd in senile dementia group was significantly higher than that of healthy group(P0.01),and the ratio of Cd/Zn in senile dementia group was very significantly higher than that of healthy group(P0.001).It concluded that senile dementia might be related to the abnormal levels of trace elements of Zn,Ca,Pb,Cd,and the increase in the ratio of Cd/Zn may be a dangerous factor for senile dementia.


Fork-based development is a lightweight mechanism that allows developers to collaborate with or without explicit coordination. Although it is easy to use and popular, when developers each create their own fork and develop independently, their contributions are usually not easily visible to others. When the number of forks grows, it becomes very difficult to maintain an overview of what happens in individual forks, which would lead to additional problems and inefficient practices: lost contributions, redundant development, fragmented communities, and so on. Facing the problems mentioned above, we developed two complementary strategies: (1) Identifying existing best practices and suggesting evidence-based interventions for projects that are inefficient; (2) designing new interventions that could improve the awareness of a community using fork-based development, and help developers to detect redundant development to reduce unnecessary effort.


This paper presents a framework for evaluating engineering-economic evidence on the diffusion of energy efficiency improvements. Four examples are evaluated within this framework. The analysis provides evidence of market failures related to energy efficiency. Specific market failures that may impede the adoption of cost-effective energy efficiency are discussed. Two programs that have had a major impact in overcoming these market failures, utility DSM programs and appliance standards, are described.


The results of fabrication and cold-test study of the slow-wave interaction structure for the V-band backward-wave oscillator with a pseudospark-sourced sheet electron beam are presented. The proposed interaction structure is comprised of a truncated sine waveguide with wideband-matched output couplers. The slow-wave structure is designed, simulated, and fabricated by CNC-micro milling. The results of characterization of the microfabricated SWS sample by the scanning electron microscopy and stylus profilometry technique are presented. Preliminary results of experimental studies of electromagnetic parameters and their comparison with the numerical simulation are presented. The electron gun providing a high-current-density pseudospark sheet electron beam is also developed.


Abstract We survey some ideas regarding the application of the Aleksandrov reflection method in partial differential equation to extrinsic geometric flows of Euclidean hypersurfaces. In this survey, we mention some related and important recent developments of others on the convergence of noncontracting flows and construction and classification of ancient flows.


ABSTRACT.
The present audiovisual work was carried out with the aim of being able to demonstrate
that the documentary genre is useful in teaching and learning values to the young,
through the identification of a social case that is common in our society. Through the
audiovisual tools, it is possible to produce a documentary that reflects the reality of a
person with visual impairment, highlighting values and circumstances that are the daily
life of the character. KEYWORDS.
Teaching, learning, values, visual impairment, documentary.


We report the long-distance dispersal of a subadult male cougar (Puma concolor) from South Dakota to Milford, Connecticut, where it was struck and killed by a vehicle. Genetic samples suggest this animal originated from the Black Hills of South Dakota while isotope analysis and physical inspection revealed no evidence that the animal had been held in captivity. We detected this dispersing individual at 5 locations along its route (Minnesota, 3 times in Wisconsin and New York) with DNA from fecal or hair samples, and with multiple photographs from citizenrun camera traps (3 in Wisconsin and 1 in Michigan). The > 2,450 km straight-line distance (Black Hills of South Dakota to Connecticut) traveled by the cougar is the longest dispersal documented for the species. We propose a likely route of > 2,700 km over 2 years based on topography and our confirmed records. We suggest that this excessive movement was motivated by the absence of female cougars along the route. The documentation of such a rare biological event not only shows the great dispersal potential for male cougars but also highlights our ability to detect these movements with verifiable voucher DNA and photographic records. Evidence collected for this one animal, and complete absence of verifiable data from most anecdotal reports of cougars in the east, further confirms the lack of a breeding population in the region.


Maurice Gilliams had a deep aversion to the works and the person of Gerard Walschap. With the exception of one review, Gilliams has never expressed his aversion explicitly. The difference of opinion between both Flemish authors, who played a leading role in the prose renewal of the interbellum period, is mainly based on an entirely different concept of the novel. While Walschap holds on to his definition of the 'novel as a story', Gilliams dreams of 'the book without events' and 'le livre sur rien'. The underlying controversy is evidenced by the notes in Gilliams' journals, private letters, archive material and an unfinished (unpublished) public school novel. The personal contact which existed between both authors has undoubtedly stimulated the caution and implicitness with which Gilliams approached his rival.


. This paper investigates the vibration power flow transmission between nonlinearly coupled oscillators, each subjected to a harmonic excitation force with different phase angles. The harmonic balance method is used for analytical formulations of frequency-response rela-tionship and time-averaged power flows. Numerical integrations are also conducted for vali-dation of the analytical results and for comparison. Time-averaged transmitted power between the oscillators is used as an index to quantify the level of vibration transmission. The effects of the stiffness nonlinearity of the coupling interface on vibration power transmission are studied and revealed. It is found that when the excitation forces are of certain phase difference, the dynamic response of the oscillators and power flow between then may be reduced in the low-frequency range. The relative displacement amplitude between two oscillators may increase with the relative phase angle. It is also found that when the system is excited near resonances, the relative phase angle has little effects on the response amplitudes and time-average input power. It is also shown that time-averaged transmitted power is more sensitive than time-aver-aged input power to the relative phase angle. These findings lead to better understanding of vibration transmission mechanisms of coupled systems with different excitation forces and thus can facilitate enhanced designs of vibration suppression systems.


In this article we study the space of left- and bi-invariant orderings on a torsion-free nilpotent group $G$. We will show that generally the set of such orderings is equipped with a faithful action of the automorphism group of $G$. We prove a result which allows us to establish the same conclusion when $G$ is assumed to be merely residually torsion-free nilpotent. In particular, we obtain faithful actions of mapping class groups of surfaces. We will draw connections between the structure of orderings on residually torsion-free nilpotent, hyperbolic groups and their Gromov boundaries, and we show that in those cases a faithful $\Aut(G)$-action on the boundary is equivalent to a faithful $\Aut(G)$ action on the space of left--invariant orderings.


The variability of the time series of the atmospheric integral water vapor for the territory of Europe was studied according to the ERA5 reanalysis data. Irregular, but significant quasiperiodic fluctuations with periods from 2 to 12 years, coherent with the Arctic fluctuation and other circulation indices, were found. It is shown that the local wavelet correlation of these variations reaches 0.7–0.9. The alternating significant coherence of equatorial processes and the circulation of the northern hemisphere for quasiperiodic variations with scales of 2-6 years has been established. It can be concluded that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) makes a significant contribution to the interannual variability of moisture content in the European territory. Several modes of coherent variations in the range of 2 - 6 years have been established. However, the coherence of variations of ENSO and the surface partial pressure of water vapor is irregular. It is shown that during periods of coherence, the energy of oscillations of ENSO is transferred from the equator to the middle and polar latitudes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere.


Six male crossbred (Thai NativeAnglo Nubian) goats, with an average initial weight of , were randomly assigned according to a factorial arrangement in a Latin square design with a 21-d period to evaluate the effect of feeding rubber seed kernel (RSK) and palm kernel cake (PKC) in combination on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics, and nitrogen utilization. The dietary treatments were as follows: i) concentrate containing 0% RSK and 20% PKC (), ii) 0% RSK and 30% PKC (), iii) 20% RSK and 20% PKC (), iv) 20% RSK and 30% PKC (), v) 30% RSK and 20% PKC (), and vi) 30% RSK and 30% PKC (). During the experiment, signal hay was given on an ad libitum basis as the roughage. It was found that RSK levels and PKC levels had no interaction effects on feed intake, apparent digestibility, -N, blood metabolites, VFA concentrations, and nitrogen utilization, but there were interactions between RSK levels and PKC levels with respect to total DMI (kg/d) and total VFA concentrations, and goats receiving 30% RSK had lower values (p0.05) feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, blood metabolites, and nitrogen utilization. However, increasing RSK levels (>20%) resulted in a slightly lower daily DMI (% BW and g/kg ), apparent digestibility (NDF and ADF), total N intake, and N excretion than in goats fed on 0 and 20% RSK. BUN, blood glucose, and propionate were variable among treatment and were highest in 0% RSK with the 20% PKC fed group having values which were higher than those in other groups. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) among treatments with respect to N retention, PD output, and microbial N supply. Based on this study, RSK levels up to 20% and PKC at 20-30% in concentrate could be efficiently utilized for goats fed on signal hay.


Eighteenth century Parisian theatres operated under strict theatrical regulations. While licensed to produce a particular type of entertainment, each theatrical manager was admonished to not infringe upon the theatrical specialities of his competitors. In the 1770s, Philip Astley, an Englishman considered by most theatre historians the 'father of the modern circus', began offering his unique equestrian performances to Parisian audiences (see Plate I). Although he spent most of his time performing in London, Astley returned to Paris on a fairly regular basis. His London performances usually included clowning, juggling and acrobatics as entr′actes to the equestrian exercises. In Paris, however, juggling, tight-rope acts and the like were among the licensed specialties of Jean-Baptiste Nicolet, a noted acrobat with a long and popular history of performance both at the fairs and on the Boulevard du Temple. Frustrated by the narrowness of the license granted him, Astley devised a unique means of circumventing the regulation.


OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study were to identify the adjustments made during the implantation and the conditions favouring or limiting the SMAF utilisation.

METHODS
A multiqualitative quote was developed. The Functional autonomy measurement system (SMAF) was implanted in 11 French medico-social establishments. Analyses were made with the mixed type thematic method from Miles and Huberman.

RESULTS
Principal adjustments that have been made during implantation concern the informatics assistance and clinical support. Strategic, organizational and individual factors explained adhesion level of actors and the subsequent flow of implantation.

CONCLUSION
Establishment of SMAF and of the software eSMAF® in the medico-social establishments rests on a certain number of conditions which could be identified during the study. These conditions made it possible to work out structured recommendations for future implementations.


. Food of yellow perch {Perca flavescens), freshwater drum (A plodinotus grunniens) , channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and white bass (M or one chrysops) collected from Sandusky Bay in 1971-72 were recorded and seasonal changes noted. Perch and drum rely on aquatic insect larvae, zooplankton and fish. Catfish were omnivorous feeding on a variety of dipterans, fish and cladocerans. The white bass were generally piscivorous. Each species ate seasonally distinct food based on availability.


In the present study a novel attempt has been made to consider the various parameters for development of Gymnema leaf extracts for injecta ble dosage form. Ethanolic and W ater extracts of leaves were obtaine d by decocti on and filtered through whatman paper no - 1. Extracts were dried in vacuum dryer and stability and solubility was studied. Phytochemical screening and TLC study was carried out. Injections of d ifferent strength of dried extracts were made using normal saline and sterilized by autoclaving. The samples were then evaluated for quality control tests and content variation test by TLC and scanning densitometer. Dried extracts were found stable up to 39 0 C and 65% relative humidity. Liquid extracts showe d


Infrared extinction coefficients obtained using quartz samples lapped with a 3 mu m abrasive compound were found to be much smaller than anticipated. The improvement in extinction coefficient is traceable to the irregular surface finish. To demonstrate this improvement, polished quartz samples were evaluated and compared to evaluations after lapping the same sample with 3 mu m and 12 mu m abrasives. In one sample, a 3 mu m finish resulted in an almost 30% improvement in the extinction coefficient evaluated at 3500 cm/sup -1/. Lapping of the sample to a 12 mu m finish resulted in an almost 90% improvement. These improvements in alpha correspond to improvements in Q/sub IR/ (3500) from 2.58 million (polished) to 3.03 million (3 mu ) to 4.71 million (12 mu m). The improvement is caused by wavelength dependent transmission losses due to surface irregularities. The surface transmission losses can be reduced by polishing the optical surfaces or by applying index matching fluids to 3 mu m lapped surfaces.<<ETX>>


This paper was aimed at the techno-economic feasibility assessment of a 25 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) system for electricity generation in Effurun-Warri, Nigeria. The system advisor model (SAM) software was used to design and simulate the solar PV modules for power generation. Furthermore, the standard and validated models inbuilt in the SAM software were employed to analyze the techno-economic performance of the system and the energy losses. Results showed that the extent of energy losses considered in the design of the PV system had significant effects on system performance. For the 25 MW system assessed in this study, the highest monthly energy production was obtained at 3.9 GWh in January and the lowest at 1.9 GWh in July. Also, the total annual energy produced by the PV system was observed to depreciate as the system ages, with about 12% of the initial annual energy production expected to be lost after 25 years of system operation. The obtained capacity factor (12.1 %) and the performance ratio (0.75) revealed that the PV system in its current design would be inadequate to match the energy demand profile of Effurun-Warri, Nigeria. Additionally, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was obtained as 0.65 cents/kWh for the system, which is about 85% higher than the current price of electrical energy in Southern Nigeria. Moreover, a negative net present value (NPV) was obtained for the plant, all indicating that the cost of investment would not be offset during the lifetime of the system, and the project would therefore not be profitable in its current design.


A 54 years old male patient with K/C/O-COPD, was diagnosed in August 2015 and receiving LAMA (Long-acting muscarinic antagonists) in the last 6 years. The patient had a history of smoking in the past 25 years. In 2015, an X-ray showed hyperinflated in the lungs, a CT scan showed enlargement of the left pulmonary artery, and a pulmonary Function test, FEV1 = 48%. In March 2022 participant came to the hospital in Bangalore with complaints of shortness of breath, breathlessness, coughing, and insomnia. Then he was advised to practice yogic chair breathing for 45 minutes. There was a significant improvement in relieving symptoms like shortness of breath and breathlessness. The present case study is to assess the effect of chair breathing (YCB).


We report a detailed investigation of the photoluminescent properties of InN epifilms with free-electron concentrations ranging from 3.5 × 1017 cm−3 to 5 × 1019 cm−3. It is found that the photoluminescence (PL) peak energy strongly depends on the electron concentration. We show that the broadening of the PL spectra with increasing free-electron concentration arises from the breaking of the k = 0 selection rule. The large asymmetric line shape of the photoluminescence spectra can be well described by the free-electron recombination band model. We establish an empirical relation between the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of the PL spectra and the free-electron concentration, which provides a convenient formula to determine the free-electron concentration in InN epifilms by PL measurement. We point out that the peak energy of the PL spectra does not reflect the real band gap of InN epifilms. Calculations based on the effects of Burstein–Moss absorption, band tail and band renormalization were used to analyse the PL spectra, and the fundamental band gap of the intrinsic InN film was obtained. The corresponding expression for the band gap narrowing effect of the InN film is found to be ΔEBGN = 1 × 10−8n1/3 + 3.6 × 10−7n1/4 + 2.3 × 10−11n1/2 eV. The temperature-dependent band gap of the intrinsic InN was fitted by the Pässler equation. The Pässler parameters of the intrinsic InN are α = 0.55 meV K−1, Θ = 576 K and p = 2.2. It is found that the band gap energies at T = 0 K and room temperature are close to 0.68 eV and 0.62 eV, respectively. In addition, we show that the band gap obtained from the PL spectra is in excellent agreement with that obtained from infrared absorption.


This article examines how genealogical relationships are differentially expressed by women and men. In particular, it analyzes five paired sets of kinship data that were collected in a Melanesian society during the early 1980s. These data support the following assertions: (1) between the sexes, discourse of kinship is not monologic or closed off from contestation or at least disagreement; (2) the ways in which kinship discourse varies does not engage the sexes in self-contained views that may be isolable or set in opposition to each other; and (3) the relationship between or among these discursive differences expresses interrelated embodiments of the sexes in folk reproduction beliefs. We must begin by dispensing with some of the theoretical baggage that has weighed down the cultural study of gender and discourse in kinship-based societies. A WIDESPREAD PHENOMENON The discourse of Bakweri women, said Edwin Ardener (1972, 1975), was muted. Being politically marginalized, they did not or would not speak to him: "they giggle when young, snort when old, reject the question, laugh at the topic, and the like" (Ardener 1972:137). Bakweri men, by contrast, seemed eager to communicate models of nature and culture that were more readily comprehensible. In ethnography, Ardener generalized, the mutedness of women was a widespread phenomenon. He did not blame researchers for not trying to represent women's points of view. Rather, for him, the problem of their political subordination resulted in a different, feminine concept of culture. Men tend to view social life in terms of "bounded" models of culture. Fieldworkers therefore gravitate toward what men say because bounded models are what they want to hear about. Ardener did not imply that women do not possess abstract models of culture, only that their models are bounded from the nonsocial or natural world in a different, more mysterious way than men's models. Women often employ symbolism and mythology to express themselves in a way that encompasses relationships rather than excludes and opposes them. Their ideas thus become simply unrecognizable to ethnographers as models of society (Ardener 1972:136-42; see also 1975:23-25). Were we then to conclude that because women do not define the boundaries between nature and culture in the same way as men that they are somehow closer to nature? Following Levi-Strauss (1969[1949]), Ortner's (1974) well-known argument took just this position. In order to account for the universal symbolic subordination of the cultural category woman, Ortner (1974; see also Rosaldo 1974), defined culture as scale of moral transcendence by which nature is brought to heel. Because of women's greater bodily involvement in reproduction - through menstruation, pregnancy, and birth - woman as a symbolic or cultural category belongs to nature (Ortner 1974:76). "Woman creates naturally from within her own being, whereas man is free to, or forced to, create artificially, that is, through cultural means, and in such a way as to sustain culture" (Ortner 1974:77). Women's social roles, moreover, force them to devote more time to childcare and other domestic duties. As a result, they forfeit prestige and political power. They fail to participate in the broader, more transcendent cultural roles and projects. Last, because women learn to perform domestic duties, they develop social orientations that members of society recognize as characteristically feminine. Their orientations are more emotional, individualistic, and immediate than public or synthetic. Since culture works to bring nature under control, womanhood is relegated to secondary status in society (cf. Ortner 1990). Also, Ortner pointed out, the feminine is more complicated than that. As a subject of symbolism, woman often occupies an intermediate position between nature and culture and may evoke both. Ortner's argument provoked a strong reaction among feminist cultural anthropologists, whose general critique went as follows: by making universal claims about the gender of nature and culture, Ortner had taken for granted Western "facts" of bodily difference and demanded them from settings where they simply did not exist. …


This paper presents a compressive technique that simplifies the architecture of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar imaging systems. By means of a passive device connected to an MIMO array of antennae, a novel approach is introduced to extract the interaction between antennae from a compressed signal measured between two ports. This technique relies on a multiplexing principle that exploits the frequency diversity and it is thus particularly suitable for ultrawideband imaging systems. This paper presents the theoretical principle underlying this compressive technique, defining the key parameters affecting the information retrieval from a measured frequency signal and the prior characterization of the compressive device's transfer functions. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the potential of the technique for MIMO ultrawideband imaging systems and its compatibility with fast range migration algorithms based on fast Fourier transforms. Finally, an experimental validation is performed with a two-dimensional radiating aperture connected to a compressive device, allowing for the three-dimensional near-field imaging of different targets.


Endosulfan is a globally used pesticide which causes a great threat to the balance of the environment. It comes under the organochlorine group which is mainly hazardous for the existence of life, during its whole run from the time of spraying till its degradation. It has two isomers, alpha and beta. Both will be degraded into different substrates, among which endosulfan sulfate is more toxic compared to others. Its extensive use throughout the world has made it a hazardous chemical to human beings, which has become the reason for its ban in most of the countries. This article is totally based on literature survey. In this review chemical nature of this pesticide and its application and use has been discussed. The author explored the toxicity of this pesticide. The effects of endosulphan on the aquatic life as well as on humans were also discussed. Moreover focus has been made on the effect of endosulfan on ovary, hormones, enzymes, DNA damage and apoptosis. The effect of this pesticide on oxidative stress and its biodegradation were also explained. This review will be useful for the researchers working in the field of pesticides and will create an awareness regarding its hazardous effect. Corresponding Author: Kishwar Hayat Khan  firstname.lastname@example.comemail@example.com


The length selection of long-wall face is directly related to the mine centralized production degree,It is not only beneficial to improve the mine production,but also to reduce the cost and achieve high yield and high efficiency.Base on the characteristics of the length selection of long-wall face,a mathematical model of working face optimum length is built.Finally,the rule of working face optimum length while the long-wall face length parameters(thickness of coal seam,shearer running rate,the wages,the cost of equipment and the supporting cost) changes is revealed.


Data clustering is one of the central concepts in the field of unsupervised data analysis and machine learning, but it is also a surprisingly controversial issue, and the very meaning of the concept "clustering" may vary a great deal between different scientific disciplines (see, e.g., [1] and the references therein). However, a common goal in all cases is that the objective is to find a structural representation of data by grouping (in some sense) similar data items together. In our work we have focused on non-hierarchical (flat) clustering, where clustering is regarded as a partitional data assignment or data labeling problem, and the goal is to partition the data into mutually exclusive clusters so that similar (in a sense that needs to be defined) data items are grouped together. The number of clusters is unknown, and determining the optimal number is part of the clustering problem. The data are assumed to be in a vector form so that each data item is a vector consisting of a fixed number of attribute values. We can now identify two fundamental problems within this framework:


Applicability of rainflow counting to crack growth analysis of complex loading is discussed. The rainflow counting method can account for the effects of small and high loading cycles under spectrum loading conditions. A new incremental crack growth model which accounts for these effects is introduced. The model is compared with experimental constant amplitude data from the literature. This paper was prepared for presentation at the Third Int. Spring Meeting on "Fatigue crack growth under variable amplitude loading", to be held on June 15 - 17, 1988, in Paris, France


The invention discloses a reinforced foundation and a method for improving bending and shearing bearability of an existing building rigid foundation. The reinforced foundation comprises an existing rigid foundation and a bearing structure above the rigid foundation. The method comprises the steps of: embedding the bearing structure of the existing rigid foundation with steel bars, expanding the length and the width of the existing rigid foundation according to design calculation values, coating a layer of bonding agent on between a new and an old foundation interfaces, and pouring a new expanded foundation wider and longer than the existing rigid foundation to the periphery and the root part of the bearing structure of the existing rigid foundation, burying the embedded steel bars in the new expanded foundation through pouring, tamping concrete poured on the deletion parts on the upper part of the existing rigid foundation and the bottom of the new expanded foundation, and pouring into an integer with the new expanded foundation. The invention has wide application range, low requirement on the existing rigid foundation, safe and reliable embedded steel bars, and the normal lift and work of the residents and workers in the existing building cannot be influenced basically, the operation is simple, and the method can be widely applied to the reinforcing reformation construction of buildings.


Security Studies, 21:376–382, 2012 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0963-6412 print / 1556-1852 online DOI: 10.1080/09636412.2012.706476 Audience Cost Theory and Its Audiences Downloaded by [Branislav Slantchev] at 14:01 23 August 2012 BRANISLAV L. SLANTCHEV I really wanted to read Trachtenberg's article as taking part in the "modeling dialogue" by bringing historical evidence to bear as a corrective to some of the assumptions in audience cost theory (ACT). There is much value in this kind of dialogue between theory and data, and any viable specification of ACT must take into account several of the issues he discusses. 1 Unfortunately, Trachtenberg opts instead for a broad indictment of scholars who work on the "purely abstract level" and who easily "get carried away with a particular idea" so that they "lose sight of all the reasons the particular effect . . . might not count for as much in the real world." 2 Neither the logic of Trachtenberg's arguments nor the historical evidence he presents warrants such a harsh conclusion. Trachtenberg argues that: (T-1) democratic leaders do not generate audience costs on purpose, or, more usefully: (T-1a) it is democratic leaders who can use audience costs to tie their hands, and (T-1b) they prefer not to do so and thus avoid making any statements that could potentially generate such costs; (T-2) even when these leaders do commit, their opponents ignore them; and (T-3) other factors better explain crisis outcomes. In this necessarily terse note, I will show the following. Since ACT is silent about the link between regime type and ability to generate audience costs, (T-1a) actually criticizes something the theory does not say. In fact, Branislav L. Slantchev is professor in the Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego. Marc Trachtenberg. "Audience Costs: An Historical Analysis," Security Studies 21, no.1 (2012). On the modeling dialogue, see Roger B. Myerson, "On the Value of Game Theory in Social Science," Rationality and Society 4, no.1 (1992). On the modeling enterprise, see Robert Powell, In the Shadow of Power: States and Strategies in International Politics (Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1999), 2 Trachtenberg, "Audience Costs," 42.


Many persons with an HIV infection and undergoing treatment still experience weight loss, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, gastrointestinal issues (diarrhea and malabsorption), and symptoms of lipodystrophy. Symptoms include NAFLD and liver fibrosis. The gut microbiota and short chain volatile fatty acids (SCVFA) interface with other body systems. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to pharmaceuticals, malabsorption, and chronic diseases is associated with milieu of imbalances indicated by the modification of the SCVFA profile. This study aimed to further elucidate the relationship between gut microbiota fermentation profiles, serum and fecal long chain fatty acid profiles, NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and anthropometric measures in HIV infected males.

 This research enrolled 14 HIV-infected and 14 non-infected males that were matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric measurements BMI and hip to waist ratio were obtained, along with a liver scan for fatty liver and fibrosis using the ARFI ultrasound technique as well as a single blood draw via venipuncture. A full bowel movement was collected for each participant, a small aliquot was collected for future microbiome analysis, and the remainder was freeze-dried and stored at −80 C. Proximate analysis of fecal fat content was analyzed by soxhlet extraction. Fermentation profile of both fecal SCVFA and LCFA, and serum LCFA were analyzed via gas chromatography.

 Significant differences in levels of specific SCVFAs were found between groups, with male controls having significantly higher amounts of acetate (P < 0.046), butyrate (P < 0.033), and valerate (P < .006). Serum LCFA were similar between groups with a few exceptions. Anthropometric data approached statistical significance, with the HIV infected males exhibiting a greater value for liver damage (P = 0.060) and hip to waist ratio (P = 0.015).

 In addition to identifying altered lipid circulation and liver damage, this research suggests differences in microbial communities between HIV-infected and non-infected individuals. Planned future microbiome analysis will help to correlate bacterial populations with altered fecal fermentation profiles.

 Seed Grant, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, ETSU.


Science demarcation is an important issue in the philosophy of scientific research.Newton was the master of modern science,his achievements and thoughts deeply influenced the standards of science demarcation.As he lived in the Great Britain during 17th to 18th centuries,the cultural integrity of a particular historical period must be reflected in his scientific activities.Therefore,the demarcation of science should not be considered as a once-and-for-all job,it will change with development of science.It was such epochal character that was the most important significance in the demarcation of science.


Nowadays the pace of modern life makes people have less time to go shopping. With the development of technology, more and more people choose to purchase things online. For merchants, the competition in electronic business is becoming fierce. Among all of e-commerce platforms, it is clear that who know their customers more can seize the initiative the market. So, this paper tends to have an interest in coming up with a tool that may analyze the factors in several aspects that build individuals a lot of doubtless to get product. During this paper, we recommend a period of time on-line shopper behavior prediction system that predicts the visitor's looking intent as before long because the web site is visited. To do that, session and visitant data is applied to investigate random forest. What is more, oversampling is used to enhance the performance and therefore the quantifiability of every classifier. The results show that random forest produces considerably high accuracy 86.78% and F1 Score 0.6.


in Buckler, p. 7). Buckler suggests that identifiable mediations 'save appearances' of the political at both the epistemological and temporal level, giving the political a 'tentative character' (p. 8). By examining totalitarianism as a form of anti-politics, exploring the nature of authentic political freedom in The Human Condition (1958) and new beginnings in On Revolution (1961), Buckler argues that Arendt's political theory has 'a preoccupation with the present' (p. 9). Exploring these themes allows Arendt's distinctive contribution to political theory to emerge. The two dominant ways of reading Arendt as using a method based upon narrative and the tendency to read her work as a type of thinking that seeks foundational principles are rejected. Buckler argues that they 'fail to capture the innovative and challenging character of Arendt's thinking and constitute attempts to ''normalize'' her work' (p. 9). Chapters 7 and 8 further draw out the implications of Arendt's distinctive approach to political theory. Buckler argues that Arendt's apparent failure to provide an ethical roadmap for politics 'is in no way an oversight' (p. 12). Importantly, Buckler recognises that Arendt's work provides 'potentially important correctives' to the way modern political theory is practised in terms of resolving political questions either as questions of moral philosophy or questions of cultural convention (p. 13). Overall, Buckler's book on the political theory of Hannah Arendt, and the challenge it poses to the tradition of political theory, is a must-read for all those Arendtian scholars and political theorists more generally wanting to articulate what makes her political theory so unique and relevant to political theory today. Buckler should be congratulated for this original and insightful book.


The invention relates to a method for outputting a voice message, the content of which depends on at least one Datenstzes from the data contents in which an announcement type is selected by means of a first program segment, because of data content, wherein a second program segment for program-controlled output is provided for is suitable to the selected message type, in which the information necessary for the supplied second program segment parameters are determined and in which the output to the selected announcement type taking into account the determined parameters corresponding speech announcement. The invention further relates to a voice message module and a program module for it.


Background and aims Connections between the gut microbiome and retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are recently being established. Communication between the gut microbiome and retina, referred to as the gut-retina axis, has been proposed; however, the biologic pathways and mediators involved in the interactions have not yet been elucidated. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of whole retinas, we compare the retinal transcriptome from germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice to investigate the effects of the gut-microbiome on both retinal gene expression and biologic pathways. Methods RNA was extracted from whole retinas of GF and SPF mice (four animals per group) and cDNA libraries were created. RNA-seq was performed on NovaSEQ6000 using the paired-end method. After preprocessing the RNA-seq data, gene expression value was calculated by count per million (CPM). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with the limma package from Bioconductor on the expression data. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction STRING protein-protein association network analyses were created for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results RNA-sequencing reveals a cohort of 396 DEGs, of which, 173 are upregulated and 223 are downregulated in GF mouse retina. Enrichment analysis reveals that the DEGs are involved in glucocorticoid effects, transcription factor binding, cytoskeletal stability, lipid metabolism, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Multiple biologic pathways, including obesity/metabolic syndrome, longevity, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 transcription pathway, and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway are affected in the GF retinas. PPARG1a (PGC1a) gene is involved in 13 of the 35 significantly modulated pathways. Proteins with the greatest number of interactions in the PPI are E1A binding protein P300(EP300), forkhead box O3(FOXO3), and PGC1a. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the involvement of the gut microbiome in driving the retinal transcriptome, providing evidence for the presence of a gut-retina axis. Future studies are needed to define the precise role of the gut-retina axis in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases.


Summary The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of carboxyamidotriazole orotate (CTO) alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in glioblastoma and colon cancer xenograft mouse models. CTO targets VEGF and PI3K via Ca++ signaling pathways. Combination therapy with VEGF inhibitors and chemotherapy is reported to have a synergistic effect in these models. CTO was administered alone and in combination with temozolomide against U251 human glioblastoma xenografts in male, athymic NCr-nu/nu mice. CTO was administered alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and compared to 5-FU or bevacizumab given alone or in combination against HT29 human colon tumor xenografts in male, athymic NCr-nu/nu mice. Efficacy was measured by the time delay to doubling or tripling of the tumor, delay in tumor growth, and tumor weight relative to controls. The combination of CTO and chemotherapy exhibited significant antitumor effects that were more efficacious than chemotherapy alone in U251 and HT29 xenograft mouse models. CTO combined with temozolomide had synergistic activity resulting in significantly greater inhibition than temozolomide monotherapy in the GBM xenograft mouse model; however, high-dose CTO was toxic. Low-and high-dose CTO in combination with 5-FU had greater efficacy than the combination of bevacizumab and 5-FU in the colon cancer xenograft mouse model. This study supports the growing body of data reporting the efficacy of combination therapy with Calcium-VEGF-PI3K inhibitors and cytotoxic chemotherapy in GBM and colorectal cancer. Our findings establish a therapeutic approach to tumors using CTO combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of GBM and colon cancer.


Abstract Titiotus Simon is revised, and contains at least 16 species known only from California. Males of the type species, T. californicus Simon, are described for the first time, as are those of T. flavescens (Chamberlin and Ivie). Eusparassus hansii Schenkel is transferred from the Sparassidae to Titiotus, and its male is newly described. Thirteen new species are described.


Abstract This paper investigates the influence of three types of credit growth on non-performing loans in eleven Central and Eastern European countries during the period from 1999 to 2013. As opposed to previous research on credit risk, we have moved the focus from the usually investigated bank-specific and macroeconomic variables to different types of credit growth from earlier periods. At the same time, the results of this research give answer on the studies before the crisis, which tried to determine the possible consequences of rapid credit growth in the CEE countries. The results indicate that at least two years are necessary for each type of credit growth to increase credit risk. Finally, empirical results confirm the importance of both bank-specific and macroeconomic variables.


Much foreign direct investment is between high-income countries, but investment in some developing and transition regions, while still modest, grew rapidly in the 1990s. Adjusting for market size, much investment stays close to home; adjusting for distance, much heads toward the countries with the biggest markets. Foreign direct investment is more geographically concentrated than either exports, or production. Thus, U.S. affiliate production in Europe, is 7 times US exports to Europe; that ratio drops to 4 for all industrial countries, and to 1.6 for developing countries. Multinational activity in high-income countries is overwhelmingly horizontal, involving production for sale to the host country market. In developing countries, a greater proportion of multinational activity is"vertical", involving manufacturing at intermediate stages of production. Thus, only four percent of US affiliate production in the European Union (EU) is sold back to the United States, whereas for developing countries, the figure is eighteen percent, rising to forty percent for Mexico. Similarly, less than ten percent of Japan's affiliate production in the EU is sold back to Japan, compared with more than twenty percent in developing countries. In models of horizontal activity, the decision to go multinational, is a tradeoff between the additional fixed costs involved in setting up a new plant, and the savings in variable costs (transport costs, and tariffs) on exports. In models of vertical activity, direct investment is motivated by differences in factor prices) and discourage it (by making trade between headquarters , and an affiliate more expensive). The major outward investors carry out much horizontal investment in large markets. For US investors, this means Europe, especially the United Kingdom; for Japan and Europe, it means the United States. Most EU investments, however, stay within the EU. The major outward investors carry out much of their vertical investment closer to home: the United States, in Mexico; the EU, in Central and Eastern Europe; Japan, in Asia.


In this paper, I will compare some temporal-evidential markers in two closely related Tupian languages spoken in Bolivia: Siriono [ISO 639-3: srq] and Yuki (Yuqui) [ISO 639-3: yuq] representing somewhat unusual systems and also grammaticalization paths of a kind that have not been much discussed. Siriono and Yuki belong to the Tupi-Guarani branch of the Tupian languages. They are usually regarded as forming a subgroup together with Guarayu and possibly with the extinct Jora and Pauserna (e.g. Rodrigues (1984-85)). Although Jensen (1999) treats Yuki as a dialect of Siriono and Yuki and Siriono are indeed quite closely related, the differences between them – some of which will be discussed below -are large enough to make it necessary to treat them as separate languages. Stearman (1984) mentions an estimate by Perry Priest to the effect that Siriono and Yuki "probably diverged not more than 300 years ago". However, there are significant differences at almost any point in the grammar. Thus, either there has been extremely fast language change or the estimate is much too low. Siriono is spoken by a few hundred people, most of whom live in the village of Ibiato/Eviato, and the more recent settlement of Pata de Aguila (Nguiray) in the department of Beni, about 60 kms from Trinidad, the departmental capital. Siriono is a severely endangered language – the younger generations are largely Spanish-dominant. Information sources for Siriono are grammars and dictionaries by the missionary linguists Anselmo Schermair and Perry and Anne Priest (Schermair (1949, 1958), Priest & Priest (1967), Priest & Priest (1985)), and studies of written text materials (Schermair (1963), Priest & Priest (1980) and the New Testament translation), of transcribed video recordings done in connection with the documentary film Let our Songs Live by Mats Brolin & Anna Cnattingius (1994) and from Mats Brolin's and my visit to Ibiato in 1999, and interviews with native speakers in 1999 and 2008. Yuki is spoken in the village of Bia Rekuate, with 200 inhabitants, and located in the department of Cochabamba, close to the river Rio Chimore. The only source for Yuki available to me is the grammar (including a vocabulary and fairly extensive texts) by Villafane (2004), which also includes a vocabulary and fairly extensive texts. Yuki appears to be more vital than Siriono; according to Villafane (2004: 7), preschool children are monolingual in Yuki.


Clinical examination, thermography, and 70-mm. mammography were performed in 891 patients—414 presented to hospital with symptoms of breast disease and 477 were asymptomatic. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of these methods showed that neither thermography nor 70-mm. mammography has a useful place as an isolated screening procedure for breast cancer. In fact, we consider such a policy dangerous.


The mechanisms of the physiological and therapeutic effects of broadband modulation currents, the peculiarities of their impact on the main functional and regulatory systems of the human body, as well as therapeutic techniques, indications and contraindications for therapeutic use, the fundamentals of physics and biophysics of medium-frequency electrical exposure have been studied. The technique and methods of carrying out medical procedures using the modern domestic apparatus "Nadezhda" for treatment with broadband modulation currents are presented.


Trust the best-selling Official Cert Guide series from Cisco Press to help you learn, prepare, and practice for exam success. This series is built with the objective of providing assessment, review, and practice to help ensure you are fully prepared for your certification exam. CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide from Cisco Press enables you to succeed on the exam the first time and is the only self-study resource approved by Cisco. Expert instructors and engineers Wendell Odom and Chad Hintz share preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills. This complete, official study package includes--A test-preparation routine proven to help you pass the exam--"Do I Know This Already?" quizzes, which enable you to decide how much time you need to spend on each section--Chapter-ending and part-ending exercises, which help you drill on key concepts you must know thoroughly--The powerful Pearson IT Certification Practice Test software, complete with hundreds of well-reviewed, exam-realistic questions, customization options, and detailed performance reports--A final preparation chapter that guides you through tools and resources to help you craft your review and test-taking strategies--A Nexus lab guide appendix, with advice for building hands-on Nexus labs--Study plan suggestions and templates to help you organize and optimize your study time Well regarded for its level of detail, study plans, assessment features, and challenging review questions and exercises, this official study guide helps you master the concepts and techniques that ensure your exam success. The official study guide helps you master topics on the CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 exam, including--Networking fundamentals--Installing, operating, and configuring Nexus switches--VLANs and trunking concepts and configuration--Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) concepts and configuration--IP addressing and subnetting--IPv6 fundamentals--Cisco Nexus IPv4 routing configuration and routing protocol implementation--IPv4 access control lists (ACL) on Nexus switches CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-on instruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visit www.cisco.com. The print edition of the CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide contains more than 200 practice exam questions. Also available from Cisco Press is the CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test. This digital-only certification preparation product combines an eBook with enhanced Pearson IT Certification Practice Test. This integrated learning package--Enables you to focus on individual topic areas or take complete, timed exams--Includes direct links from each question to detailed tutorials to help you understand the concepts behind the questions--Provides additional unique sets of exam-realistic practice questions--Tracks your performance and provides feedback on a module-by-module basis, laying out a complete assessment of your knowledge to help you focus your study where it is needed most This print book includes a 70% discount offer off the list price of the CCNA Data Center DCICN 640-911 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test to help enhance your exam preparation experience.


The paper examines horizontal wind variance (kinetic energy spectra) and available potential energy spectra in simulations conducted with a state‐of‐the‐art global numerical weather prediction (NWP) model: the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. The formulation of the spectral energy budget of the atmosphere by Augier and Lindborg (2013) is used to illustrate how the nonlinear spectral fluxes differ for a hierarchy of reduced models, adiabatic dynamical core, Held‐Suarez dry, and idealized moist aquaplanet simulations, compared to NWP simulations with full complexity. The results identify surface drag and momentum vertical mixing as the key processes for influencing the transfer of energy in a stratified atmosphere. Moreover, the circulation generated by topography plays a significant role in these transfers. Given that subgrid‐scale vertical mixing is parametrized, and that the treatment of orography filtering varies vastly between NWP models, the magnitude and scale of the nonlinear interactions can differ substantially from model to model, and depends on the choices made for the physical parametrizations. The need to appropriately parametrize the essential influence of subgrid‐scale processes in global NWP and climate simulations has the effect that the physical energy cascade is replaced by a parametrized energy transfer. This explains the seeming failure of the IFS to produce a shallower mesoscale energy spectrum. In contrast, neither the horizontal filtering, typically applied in NWP models to avoid a spectral blocking at the smallest scales, nor implicit numerical dissipation significantly constrain, at sufficiently high resolution, the nonlinear interactions or the dominant slope of the energy spectra at synoptic and mesoscales.


The main ideas about the pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 are presented. The role of increased opioid and dopaminergic tone in the pathogenesis of reducing the synthesis of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus in women with type 1 diabetes was analyzed. Presented the data of relationship between ovarian hormonal insufficiency in women with type 1 diabetes with possible damage of positive feedback mechanism of the ovaries and the pituitary gland, which intactness is necessary for the maturation of the dominant follicle and ovulation. The results of studies, suggested that the high doses of exogenously administered insulin in type 1 DM lead to stimulation of androgen synthesis in teca cells and ovarian stroma and the development of ovarian  hyperandrogenemia, as well as polycystic ovary syndrome, are reduced. In addition to exogenous hyperinsulinemia, in the pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction, the value of the deficiency of endogenous insulin, leading to a violation of steroidogenesis in the tissues of the ovary and anovulation, is proved. The role of insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia in the development of metabolic stress lead to ovarian dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes was analyzed.


We present the first stance detection dataset in Persian which has applications in factchecking and summarization (Ferreira and Vlachos, 2016). We developed a web-based tool for importing rumored claims, collecting associated news-articles and labeling their stance against the claims. We used this tool to label 2,124 news articles against 534 rumored claims. We provide a number of baseline classification methods based on Ferreira and Vlachos (2016). In addition we introduce language specific features that outperform all baseline systems on this dataset.


Introduction: Our objective was to identify preoperative risk factors and to develop and validate a risk-prediction model for the need for blood (erythrocyte concentrate [EC]) transfusion during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: This is a retrospective observational study including 530 consecutive patients who underwent isolated on-pump CABG at our Centre over a full two-year period. The risk model was developed and validated by logistic regression and bootstrap analysis. Discrimination and calibration were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, respectively. Results: EC transfusion during ECC was required in 91 patients (17.2%). Of these, the majority were transfused with one (54.9%) or two (41.8%) EC units. The final model covariates (reported as odds ratios; 95% confidence interval) were age (1.07; 1.02-1.13), glomerular filtration rate (0.98; 0.96-1.00), body surface area (0.95; 0.92-0.98), peripheral vascular disease (3.03; 1.01-9.05), cerebrovascular disease (4.58; 1.29-16.18), and hematocrit (0.55; 0.48-0.63). The risk model developed has an excellent discriminatory power (AUC: 0,963). The results of the H-L test showed that the model predicts accurately both on average and across the ranges of deciles of risk. Conclusions: A risk-prediction model for EC transfusion during ECC was developed, which performed adequately in terms of discrimination, calibration, and stability over a wide spectrum of risk. It can be used as an instrument to provide accurate information about the need for EC transfusion during ECC, and as a valuable adjunct for local improvement of clinical practice.


BackgroundOxidative stress, the shift in ratio between oxidants and antioxidants, has not been confirmed yet as an etiological factor in acne vulgaris. ObjectiveTo detect the evidence of oxidative damage, precisely, in lesions of acne vulgaris of different severity. Patients and methodsThis study was carried out on 30 patients with acne vulgaris, eight males and 22 females, aged between 15 and 25 years, (mean: 19.3±2.11 years) subdivided into four subgroups according to the disease severity: 10 patients with mild acne, 10 with moderate acne, 10 with severe acne, five with very severe acne, and 10 age and sex matched healthy controls. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated spectrophotometrically in skin specimens from lesions of acne vulgaris and normal skin of healthy controls. ResultsThere was a high statistically significant decrease (P=0.001) in GSH-PX enzyme levels in the patients compared with the controls whereas there was a high statistically significant increase (P=0.006) in MDA levels in patient group compared with control group. There was statistically significant positive correlation between MDA levels and severity of acne vulgaris (r=0.850, P=0.0002) and a significant negative correlation between GSH-PX levels and severity of acne vulgaris (r=−0.722, P=0.0006). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between MDA and GSH-PX levels in the patient group (r=−0.055, P=0.0007). ConclusionOxidative stress is evident in lesions of acne vulgaris according to the severity of the disease, which suggests its etiological role in acne vulgaris.


The execution and recordation of transaction and debt deeds is one of the main solutions to bring organization into the Iranian judiciary. To this end and in order to guarantee people's rights and reduce the disputes, the notary public offices undertake the important task of executing the transaction and debt deeds. The study at hand aims at investigating the qur'ānic viewpoints on the necessity of recording the debt and transaction deeds and wants to find the qur'ānic solutions for the recordation of these deeds. Relying on the opinions of outstanding Imāmīte jurists, this study has found out that although some scholars have ruled for the desirability of the debt recordation, the majority of scholars have relied on the imperative sentence "reduce them to writing" (Qur'ān 2:282) to rule for the general obligation of the debt recordation. It has been even deemed necessary not to forget recording the small non-cash deals because the advantage of deed execution is that it guarantees the implementation of justice in society and the establishment of a healthy economy. According to the common opinion, the scribes and witnesses should be secure and immune. Any act that harms them should be avoided, because causing damages to them means disobedience of God and leads to wickedness in transactions.


Prograde dehydration reactions within metabasalts at the blueschist- eclogite facies transition produce kyanite veins, usually with quartz, sometimes with omphacite or chloritoid, of up to several meters length and 20 cm width. Bulk rock analyses show clear depletion haloes for Al2O3 and SiO2 near the veins. Mass balance calculations support the suggestion that the vein material must have been derived from the immediate surroundings. These veins are interpreted as local segregation phenom- ena and not as fluid dehydration channels of the eo-Alpine subduction zone. Calcula- tions have been performed for a stagnant vein formation model that considers the rate of the dehydration reactions (k) responsible for providing the H2O for Al and Si transport and the rate of diffusion (D) of these from wall rock to growing vein. The model is satisfied for quite a wide range of values for k/D and upper limits on the duration of diffusional vein formation of about 1 Ma are indicated.


Early studies dating back to Claude Bernard demonstrated the extremely high oxygen saturation of blood in the renal vein (80 to 90 per cent) as compared to oxygen saturation of the venous return fr...


We study numerically the phase space of the evolution equation h_t = -(h^n h_{xxx})_x - B (h^m h_x)_x . Here h(x,t) is nonnegative, n>0 and m is real, and the Bond number B is positive.
We pursue three goals: to investigate the nonlinear stability of the positive periodic and constant steady states; to locate heteroclinic connecting orbits between these steady states and the compactly supported 'droplet' steady states; and to determine how these orbits change when the 'mobility' exponents n and m are changed.
For example, we change the mobility coefficients in such a way that the steady states are unchanged and find evidence that heteroclinic orbits between steady states are perturbed but not broken. We also find that when there appear to be touch-down singularities, the exponent n affects whether they occur in finite or infinite time. It also can affect whether there is one touch-down or two touch-downs per period.


Concrete could be a variable material having several blessings. thus it's the foremost wide used material within the housing industry. several researchers created makes an attempt to use waste materials with the target of eliminating the disposal issues and at constant time up the properties of concrete. Self-healing concrete is that the want of the hour within the current state of affairs. Deterioration is inevitable though innovations square measure streaming within the field of concrete technology. Admixtures return handy in economy purpose of read for achieving self healing in concrete structures thus on scale back the cracks within the earlier stage itself. Self-healing technology could be a new field at intervals material technology. It represents a revolution in materials engineering and is dynamical the means that materials behave. Incorporating self healing technology into the road style method has the potential to rework building and maintenance processes by increasing the period of time of roads and eliminating the necessity for


Competition is the essence of success [20], suggests Michael Porter, a leading scientist in the field of business strategies and competitiveness. According to Porter, competition defines validity of activities undertaken by specific companies which include innovation, culture, or practical implementation. Analysis of competition and competitive position is crucial for market success of each insurance and reinsurance company. In this paper, we focus to the analysis of the competition in insurance markets in the countries of former Yugoslavia. The main conclusion is that without an enhancement of competitive advantage, driven by improvements in productivity, innovation and costs, insurance companies will not be able to achieve successful business performance in the future. Improving competition in not only in the interest of individual insurance companies, but also of the market as a whole and thus the insured, given that the improved competition brings improved quality of service and lower insurance premiums.


Background: Many NGOs have less success documenting their results at the agency level than at the program or project level. Little has been published on the challenges NGOs face in developing and measuring agency-level results. To address this issue, InterAction, an alliance of NGOs, commissioned a comparative study that drew on the existing grey literature, and a sample of 17 InterAction member organizations through case studies and interviews.
Purpose: This paper builds on that InterAction study by presenting one of the first published case studies of a successful agency-level measurement (ALM) system – Catholic Relief Services' (CRS') Beneficiary and Service Delivery Indicators (BSDI) initiative.
Setting: A faith-based multi-national relief and development NGO.
Intervention: N/A
Research Design:  A case study approach was used to describe and document the development of the CRS ALM.
Data Collection and Analysis: The information in this study is derived primarily from CRS files and documents. Data reflecting ALM practices in other NGOs were derived from the 17 InterAction member NGOs. Data reflecting the ALM practices developed by specific NGOs and presented in tabular form in the paper were derived from official documents published by those NGOs.
Findings: The authors discuss key lessons for other large and small organizations to consider when developing their own ALM systems.
Keywords: agency-level results (ALR); agency-level measurement (ALM); monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning (MEAL); monitoring and evaluation; non-governmental organization (NGO); agency-wide metrics; results-based planning and reporting; Catholic Relief Services (CRS)


[eng] French agricultural cooperation, a geographical research about the large cooperatives - In France the large agricultural co-operatives have a rising economical weight and influence the agricultural evolutions. But, contradictions and tensions with French peasentry are growing. [fre] Les grandes cooperatives agricoles francaises representent un poids economique croissant et influencent les evolutions agricoles. Ce faisant, des contradictions et des tensions avec le monde paysan se font jour.


Psychopharmacological drugs are gaining importance in our day to day life. Drugs from natural sources are having lesser side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb) Voigt is a plant used in folklore practices for psychiatric conditions. The methanol extract of the whole plant of Sarcostemma acidum (MESA) was evaluated for psychopharmacological properties. MESA (200 Mg/kg), (100 mg / Kg) Diazepam (2mg / Kg), Haloperidol (5 Mg/Kg) and CMC 1% was used for the study. Actophotometer, Elevated plus maze, Hole board test was used to test CNS inhibitory activity and anxiolytic activity. The cataleptic activity was assessed by BAR test. It was found that the methanolic extract showed an increase in the number of entries into the open arm in Elevated plus maze, compared to control group. The number of Head pocking in Hole board apparatus increased which indicate anxiolytic activity and exploratory behaviour. Reduction in loco motor activity in Actophotometer showed CNS depressant property and increase in cataleptic effect reflects extrapyramidal like effects of the plant extract.


Abstract This paper describes four Upper Paleolithic sites from NE Sinai, near Quseime. Three of them are in a primary context, two of which yielded radiocarbon dates of ca. 33,000–32,000 years b.p. They are embedded in a silt-sand terrace that is attributed to a relatively wet phase of the Early Upper Paleolithic period. The sites are small camps, remnants of living surfaces, with numerous flint artifacts, limestone anvils and hammers, ochre flecks, and ostrich eggshells. The flint assemblages are dominated by numerous fine blades, some of which were either retouched or backed. The Qadesh Barnea assemblages, along with similar assemblages from the Negev and Sinai, represent the earliest and best-documented Upper Paleolithic culture in the Levant, the Lagaman, which is broadly contemporary (ca. 40,000–30,000 b.p.) with the Early Aurignacian of Europe and the French Castel-perronian.


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the position of the third molars and their relationship with the maxillary base length on panoramic and cephalometric images. Material and Method: Cephalometric and panoramic radiographs were applied to Istanbul Aydin University Faculty of Dentistry Departments of Oral, Dental Maxillofacial Radiology and Orthodontics. In the retrospective study, the positions of maxillary third molars and their relationship with effective maxillary base length were examined in detail on cephalometric images. Results: The obtained data were evaluated using SPSS (22.0) package program. Regarding the data analysis, Mann-Whitney U Test Statistics was used for the analysis of two-variable data. The maxillary base relation of the maxillary third molars, which had been examined on cephalometric and panoramic images, were identified as 48.3% for skeletal class I,  41.1% for skeletal class II, 10.6% for skeletal class III, 70.2% for unilateral, and 29.8% for bilateral.   The upper impacted wisdom tooth being unilateral or bilateral does not affect the length of the maxillary base (P = 0.735). The length of the maxillary base being unilateral or bilateral did not exhibit any statistical difference (Mann Whitney U Test). Conclusion: In the light of this study, the need for considering the treatment mechanics used in orthodontic treatments and the precautions to be taken prior to treatment planning in order to prevent any potential complications that may occur during surgical operations with regard to identifying the relationship between third molars and the anatomical formations on cephalometric and panoramic radiographs, as well as establishing whether this relation plays a role in the impaction of upper wisdom teeth.


Due to the specifics of their activities, private security companies have special fixed assets registered (weapons/ammunition/special equipment), therefore, accounting procedures are endowed with their own characteristics for this area. Accounting for private security fixed assets determines that the enterprise is not only provided with weapons, but also performs rational control over them.
The specifics of accounting for fixed assets in private security companies dictate that the strictest control over the accounting of these funds is required, and in addition to synthetic, it requires mandatory and well-coordinated maintenance of analytical accounting details and operational accounting process.


Social workers have grappled for many years now with the tension between theory and practice. The struggle may be to bridge a perceived gap between the academic knowledge base of social work and the complex realities of practice. Equally, it may be to move from common‐sense interpretations of human need and professional responses, towards a more informed and accountable approach to practice. In recognition of the challenges faced by social work academics, practitioners and students, in relation to applying theory to practice, two of the authors of this paper developed a model, which aimed to facilitate productive discussions between practice teachers and students about the nature of theory and its link to practice. In addition, the model was designed to promote partnership approaches where service users participate fully in identifying their own issues and in shaping the services they receive. This paper describes the model—The Theory Circle—and reflects upon its effectiveness, based on the views of 19 practice teachers from central Scotland. The findings suggest that the pictorial model is one that practice teachers and students find accessible and valuable; it helps them to build a theoretical understanding of service users' situations and to work alongside service users to agree the most appropriate methods of intervention.


Photoconductivity in thin film of a-In40Se30Te30, obtained by vacuum evaporation, was studied at different temperatures and illumination intensities. Photoconductivity increases exponentially with T in the range 310–370 K. Intensity dependence of photocurrent at various temperatures reveals power dependence of incident radiation. Transient photoconductivity observations made at different temperatures and intensities show that rise and decay of photocurrent are quite slow in the present sample. The rise and decay were found to be exponential with the same value of recombination time.


Layer-by-layer bottom-up crystal engineering of metal-organic crystals at the surface of sapphire or glass from organic (rubeanic acid and derivatives) and inorganic (Cu(2+)) components which when mixed in solution form instantly an amorphous solid with high proton conduction.


There are unidirectional anisotropy in 81 NiFe/Cr multilayers prepared by electronic beam evaporated, The samples exhibit asymmetrical hysteresis loop. which eguivalent to the existence of an exchange bias of the order of 1 Oe. Two branches of magnetoresistance loop measured with increasing and decreasing magnetic field respectively are different especially in transvers field condition. The maximum value of transvers magnetoresistance of some samples reaches 0.78% and with maximum anisotropy magnetoresistance (R max -R min )/R of 4.72%.That value is more larger than the value 3% [1] of 82 NiFe alloy with high quality. We consider that the ma-gnetoresistance effect of these multilayer not only caused by spin-orbit coupling ma-chanism but also under the influence of spin dependent scattering of conduction electron machanism.


Purpose: Teacher knowledge of rules, techniques, and tactics is called common content knowledge. Such knowledge is essential for effective teaching of physical education. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a test of soccer common content knowledge.Method: Rasch modeling was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of a test of soccer to a sample of 530 Chinese teacher education students.Results: Twenty-seven of 30 questions demonstrated good item-model fit. Moderately high internal consistency for personability and high internal consistency for item difficulty are reported. There were gaps between personability estimates and item-difficulty levels at the lower and higher ends of the map, indicating a lack of more easy and difficult questions.Conclusion: The analysis provides evidence to support the validity and reliability of this instrument as a test of soccer common content knowledge for Chinese preservice physical education teachers.


Core-based system-on-chips (SoCs) fabricated on three-dimensional (3D) technology are emerging for better integration capabilities. Effective test architecture design and optimization techniques are essential to minimize the manufacturing cost for such giga-scale integrated circuits. In this paper, we propose novel test solutions for 3D SoCs manufactured with die-to-wafer and die-to-die bonding techniques. Both testing time and routing cost associated with the test access mechanisms in 3D SoCs are considered in our simulated annealing-based technique. Experimental results on ITC'02 SoC benchmark circuits are compared to those obtained with two baseline solutions, which show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.


Despite the critical role of emotions in multicultural teacher education, no attempt has been made to develop an instrument including affect as a dimension in measuring cultural competence for preservice teachers. To bridge this gap, the present three-study research used three distinct samples of 456 preservice teachers to develop and estimate the reliability of scores and validity of inferences for Cultural Competence Inventory–Preservice Teachers (CCI-PT), an 18-item instrument including three subscales: emotional cultural competence (ECC), behavioral cultural competence (BCC), and cognitive cultural competence (CCC). The three-factor model was supported using exploratory factor analysis (N = 203) in Study 1 and confirmatory factor analyses (N = 199) in Study 2. Correlation results provided preliminary evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of CCI-PT in Study 1, and regression results in Study 3 (N = 113) provided initial evidence of predictive validity of inference for the instrument. Further, the scores of cultural competence assessed through three independent studies also provided initial evidence of the reliability of CCI-PT.


ABSTRACT To the Editor: —The treatment of certain dermatoses by carbon dioxid snow—a substitute originally suggested by Dr. Pusey for the less easily obtainable and less easily managed "liquid air"—has now an established place in the armamentarium of the dermatologist. Its common source is from the large cylinder of carbon dioxid furnished to soda-water fountains. This cylinder, although probably the cheapest source, is large, bulky, cumbersome and unsightly for office use, besides being somewhat clumsy for handling. I have recently found a convenient substitute for this; it is the small cylinder containing liquefied carbon dioxid sold for the inflation of a single automobile tire. It contains sufficient liquefied gas for a large tire—a sufficient quantity, as I have found, to produce enough "snow" for one average dermatologic application. This cylinder is about one inch in diameter and twelve inches in length; it costs $1, and when empty is returnable, being credited


Information transfer between intracellular organelles must take place to regulate the size, shape, composition, and function of individual organelles, as well as for normal cell growth and development. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms an expansive membrane network that contacts and participates in crosstalk with several other organelles in the cell, most notably the plasma membrane (PM). ER‐PM junctions have well‐established functions in the movement of signaling molecules, such as lipids and ions, between the ER and PM. However, little is known about the architecture and structural components of ER‐PM junctions. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, we have identified three families of ER‐PM tether proteins in yeast: the VAP proteins Scs2/22, Ist2 (related to the TMEM16 channel family), and the tricalbin proteins Tcb1/2/3 (orthologs of the extended synaptotagmin‐like proteins E‐Syt1/2/3). Loss of the ER tether proteins results in separation of the peripheral ER network from the PM and the accumulation of an ER meshwork in the cytoplasm. The collapse of the cortical ER network leads to ER stress, activation of cellular stress response pathways, and mis‐regulation of phosphoinositide (PI) lipid signaling at the PM. Thus, ER‐PM junctions have critical roles in maintaining the structure and function of the ER, as well as plasma membrane homeostasis. Our results provide a molecular mechanism for ER‐PM contact site formation and fundamental insights into the function of these organelle junctions in the control of PI kinase signaling networks and cellular stress response pathways.


This project examines command and control (C2) from a system level viewpoint to study the way Tactical Operations Centers (TOC's) operate and then translates those observations into validated computer simulations using a methodological framework. This approach provides the ability to model TOC operations in a way that not only includes the individuals, work groups and teams in it, but also all of the other hardware and software systems and subsystems and human-system interfaces that comprise it as well as the facilities and environmental conditions that surround it. Datamining procedures, including neural network simulation, are used to screen raw data from naturalistic observation of TOC operations to identify significant relationships for follow-on analysis. Discrete event simulations then utilize mathematical relationships from the neural network analysis to describe TOC operations in a way that can be used for evaluations of new and proposed TOC Systems. The intent of this project is to develop a framework of techniques and procedures that are based upon empirical methods but are usable in real world, uncontrolled environments which can only be approached with naturalistic observation methods.


A study of electrical conductance of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films deposited on optical waveguides in a soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate is carried out, from the viewpoint of electrical instability of a-Si:H caused by the penetration of Na ions from the glass into the film. The optical waveguides were prepared by K+–Na+ or Ag+–Na+ ion exchange using thermal or field-assisted methods. The effective thickness of optical waveguides was of several micrometers. The obtained results show that in the case of a-Si:H film deposited on silver waveguide there is a dependence of electrical conductance on measurement duration, if strongly weakened as compared with film deposited on the original SLG substrate. The a-Si:H films deposited on potassium waveguide and on Na-extracted surface are as stable, as the referent samples with Corning 7059 (Na-free) glass substrate.


Interest in imitation and observation by Western students of learning processes has only recently been activated. In contrast, writers in Confucian and Communist China have long given it central focus


A successive interval test for existence and uniqueness of a solution to a nonlinear system and for convergence of iterative methods is given which is more powerful than the interval test introduced in [2] and [3].


Abstract The karst ecosystem, aside from its natural beauty and uniqueness, contains high levels of biodiversity (plants, snails, insects, birds and bats). The karst economic value has often been seen only in terms of raw materials for the cement industry. This paper studies the Maros region in southern Sulawesi, Indonesia, a significant tourist area that is experiencing environmental degradation due to industrial extraction activities. This study, conducted during the period August 2001 through May 2002, was initiated in an attempt to look at the area in a more comprehensive manner, taking economic, ecological, scientific, social, and cultural aspects into consideration. Quantitative economic values were derived for direct benefits, such as recreation activities, and for indirect benefits, such as the ecosystem services of water preservation, erosion control and biodiversity conservation. Further economic research is required to study the many contributions the karst area, such as that in Maros, makes to the well-being and economy of the area.


Micro vortex generators (MVGs) are one of many tools that aerodynamicists have employed to improve aircraft performance and flow characteristics. They are tiny protrusions on a surface with a height roughly about the size of the expected boundary layer. These protrusions generate a vortex, sucking faster moving air into the boundary layer. When introduced in front of a shock wave, the shock wave weakens, making micro vortex generators a form of reducing wave drag. Much research has been recently performed to investigate and optimize the effects that micro vortex generators have on shock waves. One of these investigations was performed in 2017 with the Mach number equal to 2.5 and the Reynold's number equal to 5760. Using this experiment as a benchmark, MVGs of varying heights were tested to further explore the resultant phenomenon and potentially determine an optimized height. The simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent for both 2D and 3D cases. The 2D cases were simulated using a ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes and Large Eddy Simulation solvers. The 2D results demonstrated some interesting patterns with the LES simulations more accurately predicting flow conditions as have been observed in past experimental research. The 3D cases did not converge, most likely due to a low cell count. Further simulations and experiments are needed to accurately simulate the vortices and shocks generated. Repeat simulations for the 2D cases could also be performed or given more time to converge in order to further verify those results. NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF MICRO VORTEX GENERATORS 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................5 LIST OF TABLES ..........................................................................................7 LIST OF SYMBOLS .......................................................................................7


The present study was carried to assess the saving behavior, reasons for saving, and attitude towards saving. The results revealed that majority of the surveyed farmers saved less than 10 per cent of their annual income mostly in bank deposits, and usually done twice in a year. The saving information on television was the most important source of information and the least important source of information was information from friends or relatives. The most important reason for saving was found to be saving for children's education and the least important was maintaining buffer for future emergencies. Farmers differed in their attitude towards saving while on some aspects they show positive attitude and on the others depicted negative attitude. It was observed that older and educated farmers had developed positive attitude towards different aspects of saving.


A survey concerning main evening meal intake was made in 80 male patients with urolithiasis, and calcium concentrations excreted in their first morning spot urines were measured. Over 40% of the total daily intake of nutrients was ingested at this meal, as was the highest ratio of animal protein (54.1%). Increased intake at this meal was not significantly related to intake at breakfast and lunch. Calcuim excretion in the first morning spot urine correlated with evening meal intake of calcium (p<0.01) and total protein (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in urinary calcium concentrations between the 80 male stone formers and the 44 controls; but subjects with high calcium concentrations (>15mg/dl) were observed in 60% of the patients and 50% of the controls. However, calcium excretion in the stone formers was significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.01). These results suggest that it is desirable to reduce urinary calcium concentrations during sleep, since this seems to be one of the most effective means of preventing urolithiasis. Recommendations for effecting these aims are as follows. a) Total dietary intake should be divided equally into three meals, and a large evening meal should be avoided. b) Intake of calcium-rich food at this meal should also be avoided. c) High fluid intake after the evening meal is recommended. d) The interval between dining and going to bed should be as long as possible.


Heat shrinkable tube is a kind of protection material generally used in cable fitting process.The method conventionally use a hot air gun to make tube shrink little by little.Which is low efficiency and high cost.By means of our experiments,developed a kind of heating machine and optimized the process.The reliability and efficiency had also been improved at the same time.Now,the heating machine had been widely used in manufacture.


Both ovarian and adrenal androgen formation are thought to be increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but peripheral androgen synthesis could also contribute to hyperandrogenism in this disorder. There is indirect evidence for increased peripheral Sa-reductase activity in PCOS. Because orally administered dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is readily converted to androgens in healthy women, the investigators used an oral DHEA challenge to learn whether its conversion to androgens differs in healthy women and women with PCOS. Eight women with the disorder, all of them hyperandrogenic, participated in the trial along with 8 healthy women matched with the patients for age and body mass. Using a single-dose, randomized, crossover design, the subjects received 4 doses of 0.5 mg dexamethasone daily for 4 days followed by ingestion of 100 mg DHEA or placebo. The study covered the early follicular phase of 3 menstrual cycles. The women with PCOS had significantly higher serum DHEA levels at baseline, but serum cortisol levels were nearly the same as in normal women. Serum DHEA was suppressed slightly more by dexamethasone in the patient group, but DHEA sulfate and 4-androstene-3,17-dione (A'dione) were suppressed to the same degree in the 2 groups. Levels of serum testosterone and 5a-androstane-3α,17β-diol-17-glucuronide (ADG), the major metabolite of 5α-dihydrotesterone (DHT), remained significantly higher in the patient group. Serum levels of DHEA, DHEAS, A'dione, and testosterone increased to similar degrees in the patient and control groups (Fig. 1). The women with PCOS had significantly higher post-DHEA levels of DHT and ADG. They also had significantly higher baseline urinary levls of 5a-reduced glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid metabolites. These findings suggest increased peripheral 5α-reductase activity in women with PCOS than in healthy women (Fig. 2), indicating that peripheral steroidogenesis makes a significant contribution to the steroid changes characteristic of PCOS.


In this paper, we present a technique for effective texturing of implicit surfaces. Our technique is based on usage of similar functions for the description of both implicit surfaces and solid textures. Modeling solid textures requires use of functions with almost unit gradient length. In order to construct such functions, we have discovered two operations which preserve almost unit gradient length property. Based on these operations, we have developed a technique similar to Constructive Soft Geometry for modeling both implicit surfaces and solid textures.


Pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by the Malassezia species, which is commonly found in the trunk region. It is found very often in children as they tend to play outdoor and get exposed to microbes. Here, it is a case report of nine years old female child having typical symptoms of Pityriasis versicolor, which is correlated to Sidhma kushta in Ayurveda. The case was treated successfully within 28 days, with internal medications, including Aragwadhadi kashayam, Aragwadharishtam, and Vilwadi agada, considering the antifungal and antimicrobial properties of the drugs. Local application of Lepa (~external application) was made with paste prepared of leaves of Nimba (~Azadirecta indica A. Juss.) and Aragwadha (~leaf of Cassia fistula Linn.) after cleaning the area with water. As the observations are encouraging, the formulation and approaches can further be studied in a larger sample size.


A sufficient condition is given for the existence of a solution for a generalized Emden–Fowler problem with a free end point. In the special case of the Emden–Fowler equation, this condition is als...


The synthetic plastics that made from petroleum material have been widely used in all industrial sectors. They cause some serious problems for the environment. There are semi-synthetic plastics or biodegradable plastics which are made from natural polymers such as cellulose to mitigate this problem. Biodegradable plastics can fulfill the needs of society because they can be decomposed easily into the environment. This research used laboratory experimental methods through several processes: kapok fiber isolation, cellulose acetate production and purification, and manufacture of bioplastics. The characteristics of bioplastics was analyzed using some parameters such as density, tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, water absorption, biodegradability, compound group analysis using Fouier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and bioplastic morphology analysis by using Scanning electrone microscopy (SEM). This study aimed to determine the effect of the plasticizer type and concentration on the bioplastics characteristics that was divided into several different concentrations of glycerol and sorbitol plasticizers (20%, 30%, and 40%). The fabrication of composite bioplastics used the cellulose acetat from kapok fiber, starch, and types of plasticizer (glycerol, and sorbitol). The results of the study showed that the addition of different plasticizers, such as glycerol and sorbitol gave distinct effects on the bioplastics product characteristics. The optimum concentration of glycerol addition affected the bioplastic characteristics with the best results were 40% concentration generate density of 0.836 g/mL, tensile strength of 0.818 MPa, water absorption value of 22.23%, and degradation plastic mass about 39.7%. The addition of sorbitol also affected the bioplastic characteristics, where the best results were 40% concentration produced bioplastic density of 0.941 g/mL, percent elongation at 3.94%, young's modulus of 0.726 MPa, and degradarion mass of 32.05%. The morphology of bioplastic showed the high homogeneity on concentrations of 40% glycerol and 30% sorbitol.


Abstract Strontium Calcium Bismuth Titanate (SCBT) Samples were aggregated by crushing and heating oxides/carbonates of strontium, bismuth, calcium, and titanium. Analysis by X-ray diffraction presents the characteristic spades for materials of similar structure. The temperature response of dielectric constant has been recorded for a signal of various frequencies. An increase until Curie temperature has a huge impact on the dielectric constant. A transformed Lorentz equation is suggested to match experimental results and find the activation energy. To ensure the reliability of our formula, the value from the non-linear curve fitting is done. The activation energy is in the range 80–90 μeV.


Pathology is a discipline of morphology and characteristics of diseases are important and difficult points in medical students' learning.Making use of the interactive function of Flash and characteristics of network transmission,we constructed a three-dimensional Flash database of large-sized pathological specimens,and applied it to pathology teaching.The database helps students have a good command of disease characteristics,improve their learning efficiency,and enhance their self-study ability.