The purpose is the current state of tourism in Ukraine and the need to find alternative positive methods and tools to prevent the bankruptcy of the subjects of tourist activity. On the basis of a study of the peculiarities and risks of the subjects of tourist activity, which have increased in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendations for implementation in the practice of insurance as a method of preventing bankruptcy have been developed. Comprehensive insurance protection of business entities in the tourism industry should be carried out by combining insurance in such areas as: insurance against interruption of tourist activity (compensation for losses from business interruption for reasons beyond the control of the tourist operator, including those associated with COVID-19 and restrictive measures on tourism), civil and professional liability insurance of tour operators, travel agents, property and personnel insurance, as well as cyber insurance hiding. Methodology. The issue of insurance provision of the tourism industry in a pandemic requires a comprehensive and systematic approach. Modern realities require it to raise social standards of protection of the population in general and tourists in particular. Achieving risk minimization in tourism is possible only with the establishment of active cooperation between the state authorities, travel companies and insurance companies. Results. Insurance in tourism can be considered as a system of financial and economic relations between insurance companies, subjects of tourist activity and tourists on the satisfaction of the interests and needs of each of them. In the tourism business, the risk of adverse events and their negative consequences is particularly significant. Sometimes it is difficult to predict the presence of adverse factors or events for the well-being of tourists. Additional difficulties are associated with the participation and interaction of a large number of independent business partners (tour operators, consular services, hotels, transport companies, etc.) Thus, the probability of occurrence of insurance claims has substantial grounds. Value/originality. Analyzed the current state, threats and prospects of the situation in the insurance market in Ukraine. Various factors and objective circumstances influence the development of global and, in turn, national markets of insurance services. The priority of development of national and world economy in recent years is globalization of financial institutions. The substantial basis of integration and globalization processes is the movement of capital. The insurance market, as an integral part of the country's financial market, is primarily influenced by globalization processes. This market reacts almost instantly to the dynamic processes in the world economic environment and reflects the main trends reflecting the formation of the modern insurance space. The pandemic crisis differs from the previous ones in that the freedom of movement was considerably restricted. The aim of the study is to identify the most necessary adaptive and transformational changes in Ukraine, taking into account the factors caused by the pandemic. Today the domestic insurance market is experiencing many negative challenges. The question of what consequences are inevitable after the end of the quarantine and how they will affect the participants of the insurance market remains less relevant. The external and internal factors affecting the functioning of the insurance market of Ukraine have been considered. It is established that due to objectively direct consequences the number of insurance companies will decrease. It is established that in Ukraine insurance companies offer health insurance programs that provide financial support in case of COVID-19 diseases, as well as improve already existing insurance programs. Legislative changes that have occurred in Ukraine in the sphere of insurance in connection with the pandemic coronavirus are analyzed. It is established that the state implements measures aimed at protection and support of the population in the event of a pandemic. Existing and potential threats have been determined, the opportunities that will allow insurance companies to maintain and strengthen their positions in the insurance market have been identified.


RATIONALE
Oxazolines are important compounds for drug development, synthesis, and pharmaceutical applications. Interest in analyzing and developing methods to characterize reaction products from these small heterocyclics has led us to study the gas-phase reactivity and fragmentation of seven 2-arene-2-oxazolines compounds by computational chemistry combined with mass spectrometry.

METHOD
Protonation sites were investigated by computed proton affinity (PA), gas-phase basicity (GB), and some quantum chemistry descriptors of reactivity; the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) computational model was used. Fragmentation mechanisms were suggested by employing data from collision-induced dissociation (CID), energy-resolved plots from MS/MS spectra, multiple stage experiments (MS2 ), and survival-yield method (SY).

RESULTS
Protonation studies based on Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and computational thermochemistry were useful to describe the reactivity of the investigated 2-arene-2-oxazolines, which can be protonated at the nitrogen atom. Three major fragmentation pathways were identified for the protonated molecules: formation of benzoylium or nitrilium ions through elimination of 71 and 72 u from the protonated molecules, respectively, and elimination of 54 u from [M+H]+ . These pathways were exploited by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations combined with QTAIM studies.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results can help to identify 2-arene-2-oxazoline derivatives by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), which can be applied for monitoring reactions through the identified diagnostic ions (product ions). Also, we can suggest that benzoylium and nitrilium ions emerge during fragmentation under CID conditions.


FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: to provide high efficiency, combustion of fuel is carried out, at least partially, with fuel obtained from initial fuel owing to endothermal reaction. Heating of reaction volume for endothermal reaction is carried out either by compressed air for combustion heated by exhaust gases or by hot exhaust gas proper. EFFECT: increased efficiency. 16 cl, 2 dwg


Three experiments strongly supported the developmental theory of reward preferences and showed that signals of correctness possess powerful incentive properties. High status fifth graders consistently exhibited a significant preference for signals of correctness over tangible rewards. Exps. 1 and 2 (ns = 60 and 20, respectively) also supported a mathematical model of choice times. Both presented a selective learning task which required children to choose repeatedly between a correctness-cue and a money-cue, and both showed that selective learning evoked impulsive choices, suggesting that this method impairs acquisition of the cue-incentive association. Exp. 2 confirmed this by indicating that selective learning impairs acquisition, thus underestimating incentive preferences. Exp. 3 measured fifth graders' (n = 40) preferences more accurately. As predicted, social status enhanced preferences for signals of correctness but race (black versus white) and gender (in Exp. 1) exerted no influence. The recent, highly consistent support for the developmental theory is discussed.


Engine power determines the vehicle dynamic performance.This article describes the engine power optimization calculation method on base of analysis of the methodology for determining engine power.According to the dynamics of speed-related and fitting to variables,the article analyze the factors and dynamics path of the engine power calculation,and the establishment of real-time engine power model based MATLAB to solve.Take full advantages of MATLAB computing tools and powerful computing capability,the article has come up with practical calculation method of vehicle dynamic design.


Databases containing microscopy images and associated meta-data present users with the challenge of interpreting complex interrelationships between objects. Effective user tools must support users in the task of interactively navigating and filtering data to identify items of interest and understand relationships between these items. In the Open Microscopy Environment, these relationships often take the form of "quasi-hierarchies": tree-like structures where nodes can have multiple parents. A compact browser for selecting items in a quasi-hierarchy illustrates relationships between items and supports selection of items from any level in the quasi-hierarchy. Multiple interoperating browsers for orthogonal quasi-hierarchies can be coordinated to form a powerful filtering interface useful for simultaneously drilling down from multiple perspectives. These hierarchy browsers can be combined with information-specific displays, including summary views containing detailed information about image sets and image thumbnail displays


MIT — Contour dynamics is a well-known numerical method for computing the motion of planar patches of uniform vorticity. Usually, the patches are taken to exist in free space. There is much interest however (e.g. for geophysical applications), in formulating a generalized contour dynamics algorithm for computing vortex patch motion in general fluid domains bounded by impenetrable walls. This talk will present some new theoretical ideas for the construction of such an algorithm.


We propose a classification method to distinguish between normal and abnormal respiration by considering the correlation of the observation frequencies of adventitious sounds between auscultation points. This method is based on the fact that adventitious sounds are frequently observed in lung sounds from multiple points. We use the product of the correlation score and the abnormality score, which indicates the likelihood that a candidate is abnormal, of lung sounds from different points. When using lung sounds from eight points, the proposed method achieved a higher classification performance of 92.0% between normal and abnormal respiration compared with the baseline method not considering the other lung sounds, which achieved a performance of 84.1%. Our approach to the classification of healthy subjects and patients also achieved a higher classification rate of 90.8%.


Information Professionals 2050: Educational Possibilities and Pathways (2012). Eds. Gary Marchionini and Barbara Moran. Chapel Hill: School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2012. ISBN 978-1-300-20486-2 http://sils.unc.edu/sites/default/files/publications/Information-Professionals-2050.pdf This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial No Derivations Works 3.0 Unported license. In any reuse of this article please refer to the Information Professionals volume. In any citation please refer to the Information Professionals version also. Libraries and the informational future: some notes


Preparative and structural studies on several series of vanadium(111) aqua chloro complexes and related compounds are reported. Results indicate that all compounds contain vanadium(111) in pseudo-octahedral coordination. Evidence is presented from electronic, infrared, and nuclear quadrupole resonance spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, and magnetic data. The compounds of empirical formulae VX3,6H2O (X = Cl, Br), RbVCl4,6H2O, and Cs2VX5,nH2O (X = Cl, n = 4; X = Br,n = 5) are all shown to contain the green trans-[V(OH2)4X2]+ ion. For compounds of formula AI2VCl5,H2O (A = Cs, Rb, K, NH4) prior methods of preparation are reexamined and a new method of preparation is given. Physical studies confirm that these compounds contain the red complex ion [V(OH2)Cl5I2-. The salts comprise structures of two types, one for A = Cs, the other for A = K, NH4, Rb; the latter salts are isostructural with K2FeCl5,H2O. The anhydrous compounds A12VCl5 (A = Cs, Rb) are also examined and the preparation of the rubidium salt is reported for the first time. For these compounds the magnetic results are interpreted in terms of a weak antiferromagnetic interaction in a proposed polymeric structure and this is supported by other evidence. Some data are reported for VBr3 and VI3.


In the present study an attempt has been made to compare rural and urban adolescents on personality characteristics. For this purpose a sample of 120 adolescents (60 rural and 60 urban) from various higher secondary schools of district Anantnag and Srinagar were selected randomly. The tool used for collecting data was R.B. Cattle's Questionnaire (HSPQ). The main findings of the study revealed that there is significant difference between rural and urban adolescents on personality characteristics. It further revealed that the male adolescents have higher personality characteristics than female adolescents.


Three species of Plakortis and one of Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Homosclerophorida) collected mostly at oceanic islands off north-eastern Brazil (Atol das Rocas, Fernando de Noronha and São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago) are described, three of which are new to science: Plakortis angulospiculatus, P. insularis sp. nov., P. microrhabdifera sp. nov, and Plakinastrella microspiculifera sp. nov. External morphological characters such as colour, oscules, and consistency are sufficient to discriminate all the four species in the field, except Plakortis angulospiculatus from P. microrhabdifera. Internal features such as skeletal arrangement, shape and size of diods, and presence of microrhabds and calthrops are also important taxonomic characters for western Atlantic Plakortis and Plakinastrella. We consider as valid only five species of Plakortis in the western Atlantic: the three species described here plus P. halichondrioides and P. zyggompha. All these species except P. zyggompha have been recorded from Brazil. Plakinastrella has now two species in the western Atlantic, P. onkodes and P. microspiculifera sp. nov. The generic distinction between Plakortis and Plakinastrella is tenuous, based only on the presence of spicule size-classes and of deformed vs normal calthrops, and both genera need detailed revision.


Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are widely recognized as valuable predictors of clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Our study aimed to explore the connections between patient‐reported constipation and clinical outcomes.


The method using digital camera to measure the brightness in combining with the machine vision technology was applied to the automatic detection of LED decay for the first time.First of all,the images of LED lamps are processed using machine vision technology,including threshold segmentation.And LED lamps with different shapes can be classified by computational geometry knowledge and feature recognition.Then,after the accurate calibration of the camera,the measurement of LED lamp brightness can be realized.This method is highly innovative,and can be applied to automatic detection of LED decay in the accelerated life test box.


The invention discloses coptis deltoidea bud and stamen health-care honey and a preparation method thereof. The coptis deltoidea bud and stamen health-care honey is a good health-care food with pure natural nutritional ingredients, which is compounded and brewed from pure natural acacia honey and coptis deltoidea buds and stamens picked from coptis deltoidea plant buds according to a traditional Chinese medicine dietetic invigoration health-care theory in China. The coptis deltoidea bud and stamen health-care honey disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, low producing and processing cost and the like; the prepared product has high nutritive values and strong health-care effect; the coptis deltoidea bud and stamen health-care honey sufficiently utilizes amino acids enriched in coptis deltoidea bud and stamen byproducts, and various beneficial mineral substance resources such as K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni, and therefore the effects of further developing and improving the economic value of coptis deltoidea and increasing the incomes of medicinal herb growers are achieved; and the coptis deltoidea bud and stamen health-care honey and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention have very good popularization and application prospect in coptis deltoidea producing areas.


The present invention provides a medical monitoring system, characterized by at least comprising: at least one landmark having a wireless module broadcasts a location information; and a server connected to the at least one landmark; and a wearable device comprising a wearer of the wireless module and a a user tag; a monitoring device and a monitoring terminal comprises a wireless module and a tag reader, wherein the tag reader reads information from a user to tag the user; wherein the wearable device using the wearable module is a wireless terminal receiving the landmark information from said location at least, wherein said wearable means determines a current position based on the first position information, and the broadcast module of the first wireless terminal of the wearer the current position and the user information to the at least one landmark; wherein said at least one of said first landmarks present position and the user information to the server; wherein said monitoring means to use the Referring to the user information using the monitoring module via a wireless terminal at least one of said first landmarks in the current position obtained from the server.


Fengning line of the 112 national road, where the climate belongs to the semi humid and semiarid zone, the vegetation is lower and soil is porous because of its loess parent textile. This road is 58 4 km in length, and 6~8 m in width, which will be reconstructed to 12 m. Constructing road affects the loss of soil and water only in some fixed period, and the affecting time is different in different part of soil, such as it is l a in pavements, 5 a in places where soils were used to road construction, or places where soils were discarded on the road sides and slopes, 3 a in temporary occupied places. According to the erosion modulus and areas under different condition, before the road was constructed, the loss of soil and water from road making is 784 0 t/a, and will be 1 456.1 t/a during constructing period. So, the loss of soil and water from road making is 708.1 t/a, which is mainly resulted from discarded soils, roadsides or slopes. The measure is building walls to block the discarded soils, and plant trees and grasses in them or in the road sides and slopes.


The results of research on the justification of equipment for a boom sprayer intended for high-performance protection of marginal field cultivated plants against pests wintering in forest shelterbelts are provided. The truncated design of a conical nozzle for an axial fan and the hydraulic resistances during the movement of air from the fan along the inner region of the nozzle and the air jet leaving it are determined. The speed and flow rate of air flow for transporting pesticide solutions in the form of an air-droplet flow to the location of pests have been calculated.


The present invention relates to the use of a targeted binding agent and such agents for alpha5betal. More particularly, the invention relates to fully human monoclonal antibodies directed against alpha5betal. Targeted binding agent as described are useful in the treatment of diseases associated with the activity and / or overproduction of alpha5betal, and is useful as a diagnostic method. .BACKGROUND


Sarcoma of the prostate is a rare malignancy that affects younger men and has a poorer prognosis in comparison with prostate cancer. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate are the main methods for early diagnosis. Treatment of prostate sarcoma consists of radical surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Absence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis and negative surgical margins are more important for prognosis than tumor size, grade, and histologic subtype.


Two different position sensitive devices for large-area detection of light points and objects are presented. The core of the system consists of a luminescent foil, where impinging laser light is absorbed and the fluorescence light is coupled out via attached silicon photodiodes. Due to a direct relation between the signal amplitude and the distance to the photodiodes, this detector can be used for pinpointing laser spots over large areas. When fixing small stripes of the detector inside a rectangular frame, the foil can be used for object tracing over large-areas as well.


This paper presents our solution for the BUCC 2018 Shared Task on parallel sentence extraction from comparable corpora. Our system identifies parallel sentence pairs in French-English corpora by following a hybrid approach pairing multilingual sentence-level embed-dings, neural machine translation, and supervised classification. Our system consists of a two-step process. In the first step, to reduce the size and the noise of the candidate sentence pairs, we filter the target translation candidates using the continuous vector representation of each source-target sentence pair learned using a bilingual distributed representation model. Then we select the best translation using a neural machine translation system or a binary classification model. We achieve an F 1 -score of up to 75.2 and 76.0 on the BUCC18 train and test sets respectively.


Aim: This retrospective study aimed to examine the demographic data of patients who underwent an intraosseous maxillary anterior single dental implant and the characteristic features of dental implants, including diameter/length, distribution of anatomic localization and implant failure. Material and Methods: Demographic data, including the distribution of dental implants according to age, gender and the age of 108 patients who underwent dental implant placement in the researchers' clinic between 2009 and 2015 were obtained from archival records. Only patients with the loss of a single tooth in the anterior region of the jaws were included. Anatomic localizations, diameter/height characteristics and implant failure results of the dental implants were analyzed with descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Of 108 patients, 47 (36.7%) were males and 61 (63.3%) were females. A total of 120 dental implants were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 35.4±15.63 years, ranging from 18 to 70 years. The ages of the second decade, particularly 18 or 19 years old, was the most placed dental implant (n=24, 25%). A total of 103 (85.8%) implants were surgically placed into the maxillary anterior region and 17 (14.2%) into the lower jaw. The most common implant diameter was 4.1 mm (17 patients, 14.1%) and the length was 14 mm (42 patients, 35%). Conclusion: This study showed that the dental implant treatment in the esthetic region was demanded immediately by the patients without any further bone resorption.


Objective: To observe the antagonistic action of vitamin E on testis injury induced by cyclophosphamide,and study the correlative mechanisms.Methods: Twenty four sexually mature male mice were divided randomly into three groups: the contrast control group,the cyclophosphamide treatment group,the cyclophosphamide and vitamin E co-administered group.The latter two groups were given cyclophosphamide by gavage at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight/day.The cyclophosphamide and vitamin E co-administered group was given vitamin E by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight /day after 4 h of cyclophosphamide treatment.The contrast control group was gavaged with equivalent water.The treatment period for all groups was 28 days.The level of plasma FSH,LH,T and the activity of testicular SOD,GSHPx,CAT and the level of testicular MDA were detected.The testicular somatic indexs were measured.The histological sections of testis were examined by light microscope.Results: As compared with the cyclophosphamide treatment group in cyclophosphamide and vitamin E co-administered group,The histological structure of testis recovered significantly,and MDA level was significantly diminished,while the plasma level of FSH,LH, T and the activity of testicular SOD,GSHPx,CAT were increased.Conclusion: Vitamin E has a protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular injury.The possible mechanism may be its scavenging free radical action and antioxidant effect,as well as its some stimulatory effects on gonadotrophin releasing of pituitary anterior lobe.


The technique has been developed for studying the noise immunity of electronic systems of unmanned aerial vehicle on the basis of physical modeling. The mathematical models, the scheme of experimental stand and examples of parameters calculation for physical simulation of electromagnetic interference in communication line under the influence of magnetic fields of indirect lightning strike. The example of physical modeling of electromagnetic interference in communication lines is presented.


This article describes the models and methods of intelligent control in business and education. Revealed the difference between the technical intelligent transport system management and intelligent control in the business. Article shows the importance of knowledge management technologies for intelligent control. The models of knowledge management processes.


Water path flow was examined using the unsaturated medium consisted with glass-beads of uniform diameter.Experimental results showed that the ratio of width of water path to that of the total layer decreased as the glass-bead diameter increased and that the mobile water content was smaller than the total water content in the water path.These results could be explained more comprehensibly by the capillary model presented by Tamai et al.(1987) than by the conventional method using the hydraulic conductivity.


Background The prognostic value of the existing 8th edition post-neoadjuvant treatment (ypTNM) appears to be limited, and necessary reassessment and modification should be carried out as needed. This study aimed to compare the prognosis prediction accuracy of modified and unmodified versions of the 8th edition ypTNM. Methods Esophageal cancer patients who had received neoadjuvant therapy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included in this observational longitudinal study. The median follow-up time was 26 months. All-cause mortality was the outcome variable. Demographic and clinical variables were collected as covariates. Kaplan-Meier (log-rank test) and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted for developing modified ypTNM staging. The concordance index (C-index) was calculated to analyze the discriminative ability of modified ypTNM staging. Results Overall, 3,595 patients met inclusion criteria. The 8th edition staging was not able to significantly discriminate between patients with ypT1- and ypT2-, ypT3- and ypT4-, ypN2- and ypN3- disease, respectively. Using the modified staging, we found that patients with ypT0–2 [hazard ratio (HR) =1.232; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.053–1.441] and ypT3–4 (HR =1.257; 95% CI: 1.136–1.390) with grade III + IV had a significant risk of death compared to those with grade I + II. As was the case for the ypN0 (HR =1.295; 95% CI: 1.073–1.562) group with middle and upper tumor locations compared to those with low tumor location. The modified staging possessed better homogeneity in terms of the chi-square likelihood ratio (143.443 vs. 102.044), Akaike information criterion (AIC) (32,683.716 vs. 32,719.115), and Schwarz's Bayesian criterion (SBC) (32,723.496 vs. 32,741.847), as well as better discriminatory ability (C-index of 0.577 vs. 0.560, P=0.045) compared to the 8th edition staging. Conclusions Although the modified ypTNM staging system we created by incorporating tumor grade and location to the original T and N displayed certain prognosis prediction accuracy compared with the 8th edition ypTNM staging, a larger sample size and prospective studies are needed to explore.


The government is to pump over £1bn into overhauling children's mental health services by 2020, but experts say this alone will not be enough to tackle deep-rooted problems with access to therapy and the commissioning system


The article deals with experimental determination o f local energy loss in polypropylene and polyethylene pipelines joint connected by butt weld ing. This article is related to the former introductive works and its results published in "Vy tápění, větrání, instalace 15" magazine (Heating, ventilation, installation) volume 1, 2006 , pp.15-18.The ascertained values of local loss coefficients in the jointing point of concrete plastic pipelines of number of selected dimensions are introduced as well as the values of the friction loss coefficients for turbulent flow of water in straight plastic pipeline of a cir ular cross-section. These values are of a great importance for designers of pipeline sys tems where the above introduced thermoplastics are used.


Successful utilization of any raw material is associated in no small measure *ith understanding the character of that material in relation to those operations performed to produce a finished article. Drying is an important phase in the chain of operations concerned with lumber processing. Not, only must the operator be familiar with drying procedures and equipment employed, he, Should become acquainted with the characteristics of the lumber with which he is concerned in relation to process and equipment manipulation to obtain a quality product and at the same time maintain production. Equipment has been improved. It is fast and variable in control; the operator soon becomes familiar with its characteristics. How about the characteristics of wood? How well are they understood?


: It has been proved by experiments that the metal magnetic memory (MMM) NDT method can effectively detect the stress concentration of ferromagnetic metal parts. But it is still hard to evaluate the stress concentration quantitatively because of the confusion in the mechanism of MMM method. In this paper experiments are designed and carried out to investigate the relationship between the MMM signal and its key influencing factors: stress concentration and magnetic field, one part in the mechanism of MMM method. The result shows that the p-p value of MMM signal is almost linear with the maximum stress in an appropriate arrange under the geomagnetic field. But on the other hand, the influence of magnetic environment can't be ignored; particularly in detection the MMM signal may be quite different with the same stress when magnetic field differs. This result provides a potential method: to get a more reliable evaluation of stress concentration with multi-magnetic field in detection. Also, the data presents that the MMM signal during generation is more sensitive with the weak magnetic environment (in the range of geomagnetic level) than strong magnetic field (over several times of geomagnetic field). Magnetic field should be paid much more attention for MMM testing.


The literature of accounting regulation identified the economic, social and political factors associated with the development of accounting rules and examined the events that shaped the different international regulatory frameworks. It has also established the aim and purpose of accounting regulation and identified the needs for these rules from many different perspectives, in particular, the economic, social and professional viewpoints, and the conditions which render them unnecessary. The present study attempts to gather and to contrast in one place these different views. Nevertheless, only reference papers, those which have established the theory of accounting regulation, are included and consequently the list of works discussed herein is neither exhaustive nor necessarily represents the last research dealing with these issues. The relevance of such analysis springs from the fact that many Middle-Eastern countries are trying to develop their accounting systems to respond to the ever growing requirements of global accountancy bodies and international business. Therefore, this analysis could provide these countries with the theoretical foundation needed to understand the importance of such rules and later to buildup, restructure or improve their current accounting frameworks. From a different angle, this study serves as a basis for future analyses by Arab faculty and researchers, as well as business and accounting students, to improve their understanding of the subject matter, and to take further the ideas contained there in and attempts to test them empirically in the Arab world.


Researchers interviewed 7576 ever married women 1 year while 42.6% used OCs for >1 year. While condoms represented only 10% of current methods used they did provide a meaningful option for some married couples during different stages in their lives. Further in terms of male contraceptive options current condom use (7.6% of all women currently using contraception) surpassed vasectomy (4.8%) and withdrawal (5%). Socially marketed condoms (79.4%) were currently used more than were government supplied condoms (20.6%). On the other hand the government and/or nongovernmental organizations provided most of the OCs and information about their use. Differences in reporting existed between husbands and wives. For example 26.8% of the husbands reported to currently use all methods compared to 18.8% of the wives. Further 15.5% of the husbands said that their wives had ever used OCs whereas only 8.4% of the wives said so. 98.4% of the women knew about OCs while 29.1% knew nothing about the condom. Further 96.6% of the husbands were familiar with OCs and 11.3% had no knowledge about the condom.


A behavioral task insensitive to inherent sensory and motor limitations, specifically a startle response habituation technique, was used to investigate genetic (strains) and developmental (age) effects on behavior. All mice tested using two procedures exhibited evidence for habituation which was dependent on strain, age, and length of the testing process. Exploitation of this simple technique may permit clarfication of more complex types of behavior.


The authors discuss the value of negative pathology tests in reassuring people that they have no serious problem. (non-author abstract)


This study aimed to examine whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) alters arterial baroreceptor control of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) by acting on the central nervous s ystem (CNS). In rabbits anesthetized w ith a-chloralose, we examined changes in arterial pressure and renal SNA in response to graded electrical stimulation (1.7, 3.3, 5.0 Hz) of aortic depressor nerves during the intravenous (IV) infusion of saline or a-human atrial natriuretic peptide ( ahANP) (0.1, 1.0 pg/kg/min) or after the intracerebrovent ricular (ICV) injections of saline or a-hANP (3, 10 pg). Sinoaortic denervation and bilateral vagotomy were done before examination in all rabbits to eliminate the influence of the known effects of ANP on arterial and cardiac receptors. IV a-hANP decreased arterial pressure but did not alter renal SNA. ICV a-hANP did not change arterial pressure or renal SNA. Arterial pressure and renal nerve r esponses to graded electrical stimulation of aortic depressor nerves were not altered by IV or ICV a-hANP. These results suggest that a-hANP does not modulate control of renal SNA by acting on CNS.


ABSTRACT Accelerated and widespread use of different communication systems and modern electronic equipment increases exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) and raises serious concerns about the biological and health-related effects of RF radiation. Numerous studies document various biological effects of RF radiation. However, most of these findings derive from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies while only a few investigate effects of RF radiation on plants. The purpose of our study was to investigate the alterations in enzyme activities in leaves after exposure of plants Plectranthus sp. to 900 MHz EMF and their dependence on the time elapsed after exposure. Plectranthus is the largest South African genus of plants belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). The ornamental herbaceous plant Plectranthus sp. was used as a model plant for investigating the effects of 900 MHz EMF. Plants were exposed whole body for 1 hour to EM radiation from GSM mobile phone (carrier frequency 902 MHz, 2 W pulse output power) at 20 cm distance from the antenna. Alterations in activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in leaves were registered immediately after the end of the exposure and 1, 2 and 24 hours later. Irradiation of plants induced different alterations in enzyme activities depending on the time elapsed after irradiation. Immediately after exposure the activity of the three investigated enzymes decreased, but increased at 24th hour. In conclusion, the data provide evidence that plants perceive and respond to electromagnetic fields and are a good model to study the effects of mobile phone radiation.


communities that blacks created within the larger system of republic" (10). One of her main arguments is that black Cubans employed multiple strategies to gain political power in the form of political appointments, which provided access to republican resources. Organized more thematically than chronologically, each of the six substantive chapters examines a different facet of black political participation. The first chapter, "Political Changüı́," addresses the ways black political elites navigated early republican political structures to gain access to power and resources. Black political leaders responded to a general unwillingness to recognize black political leadership by focusing on securing resources, rather than on addressing "race issues" (29). In chapter 2, "Black Patronage Networks," Pappademos examines the ways black activists penetrated the political arena by forging relationships with other politicians and local leaders. In doing so, they voiced liberal bourgeois values that placed much of the blame for black political marginality on the backs of blacks themselves. The third and fourth chapters explore the role of Africa in the black elite strategies to gain political power. In chapter 3, "Inventing African and Creating Community," Pappademos argues that black clubs were pivotal clients to elite black patrons. Chapter 4, "Africa in the Privileged Black Imaginary," reveals the complexity of black elite relations with Cubans of African birth and cultural affiliations, an ironic situation that Frank Guridy also highlighted in his recent book, Forging Diaspora (University of North Carolina Press, 2010). Black political power hinged in large part on rejecting Africa and African-ness and on promoting self-improvement ideologies, while simultaneously maintaining control over black constituencies. Pappademos demonstrates that white political leaders often harnessed black political elites for their power over black constituencies, but denying the black elites political appointments and real power. Chapter 5, "Power and Great Culture," traces two main efforts among black leaders to mobilize racially: the Camagüey Directorate of the Race of Color (1907) and the 1915 campaign to unite black societies. Republican politics became increasingly concerned with attempting to control black political mobilization through the use of political appointments. In the sixth chapter, "We Come to Discredit These Leaders," Pappademos examines the ties between black activists and national leaders. One of the more novel contributions of this book is the proposal of a new periodization for the history of people of African descent in Cuba. After six chapters in which chronological organization seemingly played an insignificant role, Pappademos claims in her conclusion that, "neither the formal birth of the Cuban republic nor the promulgation of the 1901 democratic constitution were defining moments in the black Cuban battle for resources, [so] a narrative of republican black activism must draw on alternative watersheds" (223). (The Cuban republic was formally instituted in 1902, but the author seems to refer to 1899, when Spanish troops were evacuated and the United States military occupation began, as the date when the republic was born.) These watersheds, Pappademos argues, begin with the Veterans of Color mobilization in 1902 and include the August Revolution of 1906, the "Race War" of 1912, the founding of the elite black club Atenas in 1917, the Revolution of 1933, and President Fulgencio Batista's promise to subsidize black civic groups in 1943 (223). Undoubtedly, scholars of the African Diaspora will appreciate this daring attempt to privilege the experience of Afro-descendants in narrating early republican history, which thus far has been dominated by white men. Nevertheless, the racialization of early republican historical periodization seems to contradict one of the author's central arguments: that black political activism was subsumed by the republic's discourse of racelessness. This argument appears to originate from a U.S.-oriented perspective on African American history. (In the final pages of the book, Pappademos addresses one of the central questions asked by African Americans about Latin American blacks: "Why do they not mobilize successfully around race?" Many African American leaders and intellectuals found this racial consciousness lacking among blacks in Latin America. (See, for example, David J. Hellwig, ed., African-American Reflections on Brazil's Racial Paradise [Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992], especially Parts II and III.) The argument claims that early republican blacks "did not wholly embrace community constituted by strict racial consciousness" (230). If black activists did not see themselves in terms of race, then why should their history be narrated in racialized terms, as the book title suggests? This new periodization of the history of black Cubans might have been more compelling had the author focused more explicitly on chronology throughout the chapters. Scholars of the turn of the twentieth century might question the omission of the American military occupation (1899–1902) from this chronology. This depends on the criteria used to define historical watersheds. If we shift the focus away from elite political activists and toward the numerous and diverse masses, then 1899 might seem more pivotal. For example, organized labor, particularly the Stevedore Union, gained momentum and power in 1899 as strikes paralyzed business across the island. This union was predominantly black, and its strikes are a clear example of black claims to republican resources. Arguably, 1899 was more than just a turning point for poor and workingclass blacks. It was a turning point for those who would become the political protagonists of Black Political Activism and the Early Cuban Republic, Africandescended and otherwise. It was a year of new hopes and new beginnings, as Cubans emerged from an anticolonial war free of old chains and bound by new ones. Readers would have benefited from a more explicit discussion of why the author chose to begin her narrative in 1902. Cuban historiography still largely lacks a thorough account of race and racial politics during the American occupation. This book raises important questions about how historians should study and write the history of peoples silenced by the historical record. The author makes a compelling case for the diversity and heterogeneity of a group of Cubans too often flattened by the racial label of black. By focusing on black political elites, Pappademos encourages future scholars to examine the constituencies they sought to control.


In this paper, the first example to be studied is a system that could localize a quadrocopter in an environment which is either indoor or outdoor without the help of GPS signals. The onboard camera of a quadrocopter without requiring any external sensors or markers will be used. In this system, firstly, the pose estimation based on SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) is used[4][7]. Secondly, extended Kalman filter is used to compensate the delay due to data communications and computations. Thirdly, a PID controller is used to control the drone's position and orientation[13][3]. The second example to be studiedis the Ardrone could be simply controlled by a human hand that fulfilled by using a leap motion controller with hand gestures and the controller is connected to ROS platform[10] under Ubuntu.


The article shows how to construct simple numerical examples in two‐way ANOVA, specifically randomized blocks, balanced two‐way layouts, and Latin squares, such that the estimated effects and the residual standard deviation (ssay) are preset whole numbers. Working through simple numerical problems is helpful to students meeting a technique for the first time, to be followed by (computer‐based) analysis of larger, real datasets when the basic mechanics of the method are understood. This work extends that of Read (1985) on one‐way ANOVA and effectively completes the coverage of layouts met in elementary experimental design. First, the user defines an estimated mean and set of effects appropriate to his chosen layout and to the context in which the data are set, along with the value of s.The estimated effects are essentially arbitrary, and so the significance or insignificance of a set of effects, of contrasts between them or of interactions, may be demonstrated on datasets designed for the purpose. The seco...


We present the first study of cuticles and compressions of fossil leaves by Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB‐SEM). Cavities preserved inside fossil leaf compressions corresponding to substomatal chambers have been observed for the first time and several new features were identified in the cross‐section cuts. These results open a new way in the investigation of the three‐dimensional structures of both micro‐ and nanostructural features of fossil plants. Moreover, the application of the FIB‐SEM technique to both fossils and extant plant remains represent a new source of taxonomical, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic information.


We present an elementary method to compute the exact p-divisibility of exponential sums of systems of polynomial equations over the prime field. Our results extend results by Carlitz and provide concrete and simple conditions to construct families of polynomial equations that are solvable over the prime field.


The text makes a description of the personal life of the author, emphasizing the events occurred after 1964, especially in 1968 and afterwards — his political activity, the dictatorship, his experience with drugs, the music and all the cultural movement of resistance.


Two Bacillus strains (MAM-29 and MAM-38) were isolated from agriculture wastes and were identified by 16SrRNA as Bacillus sp. with Accession number KF542653 for MAM-29 which represent a new isolate and as Bacillus thuringenesis for MAM-38, as mentioned in a previous study. These isolates produced different cellulases and xylanase. The pH and temperature stability of cellulases and xylanase crude enzymes were studied for the two isolates MAM-29 and MAM-38. Studying the pH stability for these crude enzymes at different pH values (3.0, 4.0, 4.8, 5.0, 5.6, 6.0, 7.0 and 7.6) indicated that the cellulases and xylanase enzymes were with high activity and remains stable at higher pH values for both isolates MAM-29 and MAM-38. When studying the crude enzymes stability at different temperatures (60°C, 70°C and 80°C) for different periods of time, in case of isolate MAM-29, the CMCase, FPase, Avicelase, Xylanase and extracellular protein retain about (94%, 96%, 99%, 95% and 95% respectively) of their activity at 80°C for 60 min. In case of isolate MAM-38, the CMCase, FPase, Avicelase, Xylanase and extracellular protein retain about (98%, 97%, 91%, 91% and 97% respectively) of their activity at 80°C for 60 min.


The fall program of the American Neurotology Society was held in Minneapolis, Minn, on October 1, 1993. The number of clinical applications for otoacoustic emissions testing has grown exponentially since Kemp's 1978 report, according to neurophysiologist Brenda Lonsbury-Martin, PhD. The emissions are sounds generated by the cochlea and are classified as spontaneous or evoked , the latter in response to a test stimulus such as a click or a tone. Advantages include the brevity, objectivity, and reliability of this simple, noninvasive test. Current areas of use of otoacoustic emissions testing include neonatal screening, serial testing in Meniere's disease, and assessment of hearing loss in the range of 2000 to 4000 Hz, which may present a problem for auditory brain-stem–evoked responses. Possible use in combination with other auditory test batteries, including electrocochleography and intraoperative monitoring, offer exciting prospects for otoacoustic emissions testing in the near future. An investment of research energy


Cognitive Radio (CR) is a network technology that can automatically sense the underutilized spectrum resources. A Selfish Secondary User (SSU) can occupy all or part of the resources of multiple channels, prohibiting other cognitive radio users from accessing these resources. These selfish attacks degrade the performance of a CR network significantly. In the previous method, many algorithms are used to detect the selfish node, for that they had assumed only one neighboring selfish user in the network. The sensing accuracy is less reliable. In the proposed Credit Risk Value (CRV) method, more than one selfish Secondary User in a network can be detected. It eliminates the selfish attack and increases the sensing accuracy and security in the cognitive radio network. It also reduces the detection delay. Index Terms Cognitive Radio, Primary User (PU), Secondary Selfish User, Legitimate Secondary User. Credit Risk Value.


The present invention discloses a polishing liquid for chemical mechanical polishing of polysilicon, which contains abrasive particles, a surfactant and a stabilizing agent slurry. The chemical mechanical polishing in the polishing liquid of the invention or a capacitor between the DRAM and the medium layer, polysilicon material removal rate adjusted and selectivity and other silicon-based material, material defects is avoided, so as to achieve a better surface shape appearance, achieve global planarization.


This research found out the strategies of request in utterances. The Hustle movie was used as data source of this research. Data of this descriptive qualitative research were utterances of request in the movie. The researchers used observational method and non-participatory technique. The researchers collected data watching and listening to utterances in the movie. The data were analyzed by using pragmatic identity method and pragmatic competence- in equalizing technique. The data were analyzed by using theory from Blum-kulka & Olshtain (1984). Results showed that request strategies had 59 data.  Mood derivable consisted of 21 data, explicit performatives consisted of 9 data, hedged performative consisted of 4 data, locution derivable consisted of 5 data, language specific suggester formula consisted of 6 data, reference to prepatory conditions consisted of 7 data, mild hints consisted of 3, scope stating consisted of 1 data and strong hints consisted of 3 data. From all strategies, mood derivable was the most common strategy. The characters used this strategy because the characters were already familiar to one another and the situation made the characters request the others in a direct way.


The paper analyzes the problems currently existing in the implication of Bar code recognition technique in the college library,discusses advantages of Radio Frequency Recognition Technology(RFID).A model of library information management system is developed based on RFID for the college library.The application of the system can realize the following series of functions,self-borrowing and self-return,self-check,automatic sorting,arrangement and highly-efficient checking,and consequently save the labor,enhance the working efficiency and service level in library management.


Pulsed‐field ablation (PFA) and the multielectrode radiofrequency balloon (RFB) are two novel ablation technologies to perform pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). It is currently unknown whether these technologies differ in lesion formation and lesion extent. We compared the acute lesion extent after PVI induced by PFA and RFB by measuring low‐voltage area in high‐density maps and the release of biomolecules reflecting cardiac injury.


Some interrelations of two dimensional image entropy of optic and electronic devices are developed in this paper. The informativity of the object image is investigated through the use of multi spectral optic system, limited by aberations.


Alcoholic hepatitis, in its severest form, carries a very high mortality, with in-hospital mortality reaching as high as 65%.(1) Stratification of disease severity relies on the Maddrey discriminant-function (DF) score, calculated as 4.6(prothrombin time-control time (in seconds)+serum bilirubin). Severe alcoholic hepatitis is defined as a discriminant function score > 32. Current treatment of this disease relies on alcohol abstinence, supportive care, nutritional supplementation, and corticosteroid therapy. Multiple trials have evaluated the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis, with equivocal results.(2) Despite the results being equivocal, current guidelines recommend corticosteroid therapy for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.(3) Corticosteroids have many potential side effects, and therefore there is a need for alternative and/or complementary therapies. Current research is aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis and liver failure with the hope that we can use that information for more targeted therapies. The mechanism of hepatocyte damage in alcoholic hepatitis is not well understood. It is however thought to involve various mechanisms, including oxidative stress attributable to both an increased production of reactive oxygen species and a depletion of antioxidant defenses.(4) Nacetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that has been administered for fulminant hepatic failure of several causes, most notably acetaminophen toxicity. Given its antioxidant properties, it has been postulated that NAC might be of benefit in alcoholic hepatitis. This possibility has been explored in a pilot study of 16 patients w/ DF >32 given NAC for 7 or 14 days.(5) The results showed a significant improvement in some biochemical markers, including serum bilirubin level. Although promising, the study was not controlled and did not examine survival as an endpoint. My proposed study will evaluate NAC, in conjunction with steroids, as a treatment for patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. I will compare the efficacy of steroids plus placebo, against steroids plus NAC. Efficacy will be assessed via the change in serum bilirubin concentration.


The abundance of troglophilic Megaselia spp. (Diptera: Phoridae), trogloxenic Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and troglobitic Ptomaphagus whiteselli Barr (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) on carrion was studied in two caves in Georgia, USA. Phorid and leiodid abundance were statistically independent of location in the caves and of time the carrion was available for colonization in a cave. Calliphorid abundance was linked to location in the cave and duration the carrion remained in the cave. The colonization patterns on carrion by cavernicoles differed between permanent and transient cave-dwelling species. Variation could be due to the different reproductive strategies of each species.


Have free times? Read the art of insight in science and engineering mastering complexity mit press writer by Why? A best seller publication worldwide with great value and also content is combined with intriguing words. Where? Merely here, in this site you could check out online. Want download? Naturally available, download them also below. Available files are as word, ppt, txt, kindle, pdf, rar, as well as zip.


The ritual complexes of the Ehing, a farming people of southern Senegal, embody an elaborate set of prohibitions on social behavior and prescribe the general rules of Ehing social organization. Power is distributed and maintained in Ehing culture by the concept of Odieng ("hatchet"), which as a spirit acts upon human beings much as an ax does upon a tree, falling from above to punish its victims for transgression. Marc Schloss's ethnography of the Ehing is a study of the meaning of Odieng's power, explaining why its rules are so essential to the Ehing way of life.


Several researches on scheduling problems have been done under the assumption that setup times are independent of job sequence. However, in certain contexts, such as the pharmaceutical industry, metallurgical production, electronics and automotive manufacturing, there are frequently setup times on equipment between two different activities. In a survey of industrial schedulers, Dudek et al. (1974) reported that 70% of industrial activities include sequence-dependent setup times. More recently, Conner (2009) has pointed out, in 250 industrial projects, that 50% of these projects contain sequence-dependent setup times, and when these setup times are well applied, 92% of the order deadline could be met. Production of good schedules often relies on management of these setup times (Allahverdi et al., 2008). This present chapter considers the single machine scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times with the objective to minimize total tardiness of the jobs (SMSDST). This problem, noted as 1|sij|ΣTj in accordance with the notation of Graham et al. (1979), is an NP-hard problem (Du & Leung, 1990).


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a joint structure between a precast concrete girder and a steel beam, wherein the precast concrete girder has a joint portion of which both sides have gusset plates to connect the steel beam to both sides of the central portion of the precast concrete girder, thereby lightening a building by installing the steel beam between the precast concrete girders. According to the present invention to accomplish the purpose, a joint structure between a precast concrete girder (2) and a steel beam (4) allows the steel beams (4) to be installed on both sides of the central portion of the precast concrete girder (2). Multiple stud bolts (7) are fixed to be embedded in both sides of the precast concrete girder (2). Gusset plates (12) are installed on both of the sides of the precast concrete girder (2) by being joined to be welded on one ends of the stud bolts (7). The webs (18) of the gusset plates (12) installed on both of the sides of the precast concrete girder (2) and the webs of the steel beam (4) are joined to each other by bolts. The lower flanges (13) of the gusset plates (12) and the lower flanges of the steel beam (4) are joined to each other by bolts. Multiple steel rods (15) separated from each other at predetermined distances are joined to be welded on the upper flanges of two of the adjacent steel beams (4). Sleeve joints (16) are coupled between the steel rods (15), so the steel rods are integrally connected.


The absorption effect of the back surface boundary of a diffuse layer was studied via laser generated reflection speckle pattern. The spatial speckle intensity provided by a laser beam was measured. The speckle data were analyzed in terms of fractal dimension (computed by NIH ImageJ software via the box counting fractal method) and weak localization theory based on Mie scattering. Bar code imaging was modeled as binary absorption contrast and scanning resolution in millimeter range was achieved for diffusive layers up to thirty transport mean free path thick. Samples included alumina, porous glass and chicken tissue. Computer simulation was used to study the effect of speckle spatial distribution and observed fractal dimension differences were ascribed to variance controlled speckle sizes. Fractal dimension suppressions were observed in samples that had thickness dimensions around ten transport mean free path. Computer simulation suggested a maximum fractal dimension of about 2 and that subtracting information could lower fractal dimension. The fractal dimension was shown to be sensitive to sample thickness up to about fifteen transport mean free paths, and embedded objects which modified 20% or more of the effective thickness was shown to be detectable. The box counting fractal method was supplemented with the Higuchi data series fractal method and application to architectural distortion mammograms was demonstrated. The use of fractals in diffusive analysis would provide a simple language for a dialog between optics experts and mammography radiologists, facilitating the applications of laser diagnostics in tissues.


In this paper, the design of a hand exoskeleton system is introduced for biomechanical analysis of the stroke hand. In order to diagnose the status of the stroke hand, muscular forces associated with the finger movement need to be be estimated. The muscular forces can be estimated by a biomechanical model using moment equilibrium around finger joints, thus the required information for the moment equilibrium such as finger joint angles and external forces should be measured and applied. In this paper, a hand exoskeleton system, which can 1) measure the finger joint angles using a four-bar linkage based exoskeleton structure, and 2) apply and measure normal forces to the fingers, is designed. The performance of this design was verified by simulation and experiments with a manufactured prototype.


The Rana Plaza Collapse in 2013 in Dhaka, Bangladesh offers lessons in the garment industry on ethics, corporate leadership, and corporate social responsibility crisis. Given the circumstances of 1,134 workers deceased from its factory collapse in 2013, this chapter aims to inform the response in CSR Crisis in the garment sector of three major fast fashion companies. It also positions the most current labour standards in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh. This chapter draws on literature in management and economics on informing the connections in labour and industrial growth. The chapter aims to shed light on other alternatives fashion companies can take in supporting ethical responses and practices in supply chain management. It then offers a variety of business/human rights recommendations in public policy for the Republic of Bangladesh.


Significance The meiotic chromosome axis plays important roles in chromosome dynamics in mammalian meiosis, including in homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation. Defects in chromosome axis structural integrity have been linked to various diseases, such as infertility, birth defects, and premature ovarian failure. Despite its importance, the molecular organization of the protein components within the chromosome axis remains poorly understood. Here, we address these questions by imaging the paired chromosome axes in mouse mid-prophase spermatocytes using expansion microscopy coupled with stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), which provides 10- to 20-nm resolution for structural investigation. Our data reveal that the various axis proteins adopt a core-and-shell type organization, which provides a detailed view of meiotic chromosome axis organization at unprecedented resolution. During prophase I of meiosis, chromosomes become organized as loop arrays around the proteinaceous chromosome axis. As homologous chromosomes physically pair and recombine, the chromosome axis is integrated into the tripartite synaptonemal complex (SC) as this structure's lateral elements (LEs). While the components of the mammalian chromosome axis/LE—including meiosis-specific cohesin complexes, the axial element proteins SYCP3 and SYCP2, and the HORMA domain proteins HORMAD1 and HORMAD2—are known, the molecular organization of these components within the axis is poorly understood. Here, using expansion microscopy coupled with 2-color stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) imaging (ExSTORM), we address these issues in mouse spermatocytes at a resolution of 10 to 20 nm. Our data show that SYCP3 and the SYCP2 C terminus, which are known to form filaments in vitro, form a compact core around which cohesin complexes, HORMADs, and the N terminus of SYCP2 are arrayed. Overall, our study provides a detailed structural view of the meiotic chromosome axis, a key organizational and regulatory component of meiotic chromosomes.


A war with a peer is very unlikely to start tomorrow. If it did, however, the United States would be forced to fight with the ideas and the equipment that currently exist. America might in the final analysis prevail, but the challenge would be extreme and the cost likely to be high before victory was attained. On the other hand, if the war does not start for a decade or more, the United States has the opportunity to prepare well to win at an affordable price in a reasonable period of time. America's survival, and that of the West writ large, demands we find the solutions that will lead to victory in a war with a peer opponent. The United States cannot afford to gamble that there will not be a serious peer war in a foreseeable future.


We present a generalization of the continuum theory of vortex matter for non-uniform superfluid density. This theory explains the striking regularity of vortex lattices observed in Bose-Einstein condensates, and predicts the frequencies of long-wavelength lattice excitations.


We propose a protocol for a group of peers in a peer- to-peer network to securely generate an agreed random value without the use of a central authority. We can vary the security parameters to maintain security (to a desired probability) in the presence of a high percentage of corrupt and colluding peers. We envision using this protocol to generate random content in a peer-to-peer game. It could also be used for generating input into peer-to-peer protocols that require random values, such as group selection.


The feature,clasification,preparation and application in shoemaking of water-based polyurethane adhesives were introduced.The application of water-based polyurethane adhesives in shoemaking was prospected.Aqueous dispersion adhesives of which have high heat resistance and low activation temperature,even when employed without addition of a crosslinker.The polyurethane is the reaction product of an isocyanate terminated polyurethane prepolymer,and a chain extender.The polyurethane prepolymer is the reaction product of a polyol component and a diisocyanate component.The dispersions are largely divided into two groups of ionic type and nonionic type,depending on the existence or non-existence of ion in the chain.Ionic type and nonionic type,depending on the existence or non-existence of ion in the chain.Ionic type dispersions are divided into anionic type and cationic type.A water-dispersible polyurethane is obtained by admixing the polyol with diisocyanate to perform an addition reaction to give a prepolymer whose end is terminated by NCO;neutralizing and dispersing the prepolymer in water by self-emulsification;and performing a chain extension reaction.


In this paper the leverage effect on the Colombian stock market is analyzed, for this purpose ARCH family models are used to evaluate the existence of the effect in the stock market.  Specifically TGARCH and EGARCH non-linears models are used. The series chosen for this analysis are the Indice General de la Bolsa de Valores which is the most representative of the stock market, the COLPAC index, and six stocks. Finally we find that the Colombian stock market has leverage effect, ie bad news have a greater impact on the volatility of stock returns.


Introduction The MRI rf body coil, typically a birdcage resonator, is generally isolated from the gradient coils by an rf shield. The shield prevents rf energy from being dissipated in the gradient coils and causing a reduction in efficiency of the rf coil. The shield must achieve this function while at the same time being as transparent as possible to the gradient fields. Gradient field pulses cause eddy currents in the rf shield, causing heating and a reduction in the fidelity of the gradient pulses. Radial space is a critical performance parameter for both the gradient and the rf coils. Both gradient efficiency and rf efficiency increase very rapidly with increased separation between their respective shields and primary coils (1). The distance between the rf body coil conductors the rf shield is typically less than 25 mm. The rf shield is usually placed on the inside surface of the gradient coil assembly. If it were possible to increase this separation by moving the rf shield outward, say, outside certain gradient coils, one could increase the efficiency of the rf body coil. Alternatively, we could maintain the efficiency of the rf body coil and use the space to improve the gradient coil performance by decreasing the gradient coil ID. A third alternative is to maintain the performance of both coils and allocate the space to an increased patient bore diameter. There are two dangers in moving the rf shield to the interior of the gradient coil. One is that the rf fields will interact with the gradient coils that are no longer outside the radius of the rf shield. The other is that we might increase the coupling between the gradient coil and the rf shield. A typical gradient coil stackup (from ID to OD) for a shielded gradient is inner windings z, y, x followed by outer windings z, y, x. In a cylindrical horizontal magnet, the x and y coils are identical fingerprint patterns rotated by 90° around the cylindrical winding form. The z coil is an antisymmetric solenoid with varying pitch. A birdcage resonator body coil primarily generates radial rf and the net flux in the z direction is zero when integrated over the coil. In the z-gradient coil the current distribution is antisymmetric about z = 0. A birdcage resonator body coil would therefore not couple inductively to the z-gradient coil provided that the birdcage coil is coaxially and longitudinally centered inside the z-gradient coil. It is therefore possible to place the inner z-gradient coil between the rf coil and rf shield. The purpose of this work is to study the feasibility of embedding the rf shield in the structure of a shielded gradient set. In particular, effects on the rf and gradient performance are evaluated Methods A standard GE Signa Horizon gradient set was assembled with different types of rf shields in between the inner z and inner y gradient coils. For each type of rf shield we measured the Q of the rf body coil and the complex impedance of the gradient coils as a function of frequency. The body coil Q tells us how SNR would change for different rf shield configurations. The real part of the gradient impedance is an indication of the heat that would be generated during the pulsing of the gradients. The difference between the real parts of the impedance with and without an rf shield allows us to deduce the additional heat dissipated in the rf shield. The imaginary part of the impedance shows the gradient inductance which affects gradient slew rate. As above, tests with and without the rf shield isolate the effect of the shield. A variety of rf shields was investigated: fingerprint shields in which the pattern was varied, mesh shields in which the size of the mesh was varied, and solid shields in which the material and the thickness were varied. Results As a reference point, initial rf measurements were done with a 70 μm thick solid copper shield. This would be far too thick and have too much dissipation to use with a realistic gradient system, but it represents an upper limit of rf coil Q that we can expect to achieve. A high pass 16 rung birdcage resonator, built with 25 mm wide copper strips, diameter 614 mm, length 430 mm had a Q of 420 and a frequency of 62.9 MHz when the rf shield was applied on the ID (654 mm) of the inner z-gradient. When the shield was moved to the OD (676 mm) of the gradient, Q = 417 and the frequency was 57.4 MHz. The sensitivity of the rf coil increased by 2.4 dB, due to a drop in effective volume (1). This shows that the concept is feasible from the rf perspective. Many different types of shields were tested to minimize gradient eddy currents and maintain high Q. For simplicity we show here a comparison between the winner, a mesh shield on the OD of the zgradient (dotted), our existing fingerprint shield pattern on the ID of the gradient (dashed), and no shield (solid) in Fig. 1A for the real part of the z-gradient impedance, and Fig. 1B for the imaginary part of zgradient impedance (expressed as inductance). Most of the deviations occur above 1 kHz for all 3 gradients. The mesh on the OD of the gradient results in a Q of 310 for the rf coil. It is a phosphor bronze mesh shield with mesh size of 325 lines per inch.


The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of some parameters on the global severity of the side impact. Five tests were carried out using the Impact and Biomechanics Laboratory facilities. In all the tests, the impacted vahicle was similar, and the dummy on the driver's seat was an EUROSID. The parameters examined were: (1) the basic frame of the mobile deformable barrier (MDB); (2) the front deformable face constitution; and (3) the MDB trajectory (crabbed or perpendicular). As during every test only one parameter was modified, the influence of each parameter was examined. The results are given in terms of vehicle kinematics and deformation, and of measurements on the dummies. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 864606.


Multistep surface processes involving a number of association reactions and desorption processes may be considered as hypothetical one-step desorption processes. Thus, heterogeneous catalytic reactions can be treated kinetically as consisting of two steps:  adsorption and desorption. It is also illustrated that the hypothetical one-step desorption process follows the BEP relation. A volcano curve can be obtained from kinetic analysis by including both adsorption and desorption processes.


Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) hold business potentials that gain a serious attention from the government. Some factors that affect the efficiency of SMEs include: internal and external factors. The success of SMEs depends on its abilities in managing its internal and external factors through environment factor analysis and the creation and execution of work strategy. Using PLS-SEM analysis, sample used for the study was 80 Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) owners or managers in Surabaya, Indonesia. The findings of this study state that Managerial Capabilities has the most significant impact. Meanwhile, Environmental Dynamism does not have any impact towards Firm Performance, because SMEs are independent in managing the company, in terms of its capitalization, product or service development, and flexibility resulting from its low operating cost of workers, and place of business.


(The writer, who is Vice-Pre'sident-Ggrant of Les Jardins Ungemach of Strasburg, is both the originator and effective director of a unique attempt to breed a better race. His garden city is devoted to encouraging large families from young parents who have been personally selected for health and other personal qualities. The article has been freely but, we hope, accurately translated from the original French.-ED.)


Green Logistic is an important part of sustainable development.It is a modern logistic system which can promote the development of the economy and the consumption.This paper gives the following thinking:the process of green logistic can give green support to the environment, and all of the links of green logistic give the protective support to the green products.The above two parts are the twofold nature of green logistic.At the same time, the paper elaborates on the characteristics of the green logistic, and points out the existing problem of the green logistic and advances the suggestion of building the twofold nature of the green logistic.


Linear programming technique was applied to farm data obtained from thirty arable crop farmers during 2010 farming season to maximize gross margin from various combination of arable crop and selected livestock enterprises. Optimization and reallocation of available resources were found to bring significant changes in the existing plan. Twenty enterprises were observed in the existing plan made up of one sole crop, fourteen crop mixtures and five livestock enterprises across poultry, fish and piggery which an average farmer would make a gross margin of N232, 317.12. However the LP maximization model recommended that for optimum gross margin of N374, 850.00 which is about 61.35% of the existing gross margin, an average farmer should devote 0.31 hectare to yam/maize/melon, 0.33 hectare to cassava/maize/cocoyam and 1.30 hectares to Cassava/Maize/Yam/Mucuna Floanei while 0.14 of 500 birds of broiler 1 raised usually between January ‐ May and 0.11 of 1000 fish of fish 2 done between July ‐ December and 0.07 of 15 pigs be produced. Given the mean farm size of 0.45 hectares, the farming orientation is still subsistence. It is recommended that crop mixtures be undertaken by farmers in combination with poultry and fish enterprises for improved gross margin. Policies of Government should be geared


The authors highlight the main course of events leading up to the uprating of the Spanish State Railways (RENFE) 3 kV DC lines to run at 200 km/h. Three test sections of the railway are identified to test different contractors' solutions. The authors concentrate on the Balfour Beatty/Nemel solution, which has been installed in the Test Section Number 2, Villar de Chinchilla to Almansa Station. The steps taken to achieve an optimised design are demonstrated. The design process started with the existing equipment format and showed how, by using the most up to date computer techniques, it was possible to establish the overall sensitivity of key aspects of the design. These aspects, wherever practicable, are developed to fit into the existing equipment with a minimum of change.


Scholars have long emphasized the importance of teacher training in higher education, including in sociology. Such calls have led to modest improvements in opportunities for graduate students to develop teaching-related skills and experience. However, many of these opportunities are not specific to sociology and may lack a teaching component. In this paper, we outline a teaching fellowship model for graduate student teacher training that integrates group training sessions, peer collaboration, and a teaching practicum component under the guidance of a faculty mentor. In the fellowship, graduate student teaching fellows receive a stipend for sharing the development and teaching of an undergraduate course, with supports and feedback throughout. We include data from post-fellowship questionnaires and follow-up data from fellows who went on to teach their own courses to highlight the strengths of the program. The data indicate that the fellowship is an overwhelmingly positive experience for graduate students.


The kinetic kill vehicle operating in higher atmosphere was taken as physical background. The orientation theory of the side window was studied and the attitude control law was designed using switch curve method. The interception course was simulated with six degree-of-freedom model. Results demonstrate that the tasks of target detection and hit-to-kill can be well accomplished while employing the side window orientation as attitude control reference. The effectiveness of switch curve control theory and using reaction puzzle to divert the KKV in this area is also verified.


Abstract 2462 Point mutations in intronic regions near mRNA splice junctions can affect mRNA splicing, altering the resulting RNA sequence. The molecular characterization of in-frame or out-of-frame splicing variants in cancer samples can potentially assist in the molecular characterization of tumors. The aim of this study was to identify mutations located in the 59 or 39 exon-intron borders that affect RNA splicing using whole-exome sequencing analysis, a technique that targets coding sequences but also include the nearby intronic regions. In order to identify novel (in-frame and out-of-frame) splicing variants in myeloproliferative disorders we developed a bioinformatics procedure 'Splice-Site Prediction Procedure to analyze Next Generation Sequencing data' (SSPP-NGS). The SSPP-NGS bioinformatics method is an integration of two functional annotation tools for high-throughput sequencing data, ANNOVAR and MutationTaster and two canonical splice-site analysis tools, NetGene2 and Neural Network Promoter Prediction Tool (NNPPT). In addition, to assess the phenotypic effects of intronic mutations on mRNA splicing we combined DNA mutational screening analysis with RNA-Seq mediated gene expression profiling. Whole genome expression analysis was performed by using TopHat and Cufflinks: the first one is a splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq experiments able to mapp the reads against the junction to confirm them; the second one estimates gene expression, isoform-level expression, transcript abundance, differential gene expression and splicing. We used ANNOVAR and MutationTaster based on statistical Naive Bayes classifier to predict the non-coding mutations that affected physiological splicing. We then confirmed the results by queering NetGene2 and NNPPT using default parameters. Only the predictions found in all three programs were accepted as putative splicing variants and sequenced by Sanger method. We applied the entire procedure to whole exome sequencing data from 1 Ph+ leukemic patient sample (>80% myeloid cells) matched to autologous normal lymphocytes: on average, 70 million of paired-end reads and 5.2 gigabases (Gb) of sequences were generated per sample. A total of 177 candidate somatic point mutations (with minimum read depth of 20, minimum percent of substitution equal to 25% and minimum average Phred quality score of 30, corresponding to an accuracy of 99.9%, confirmed by at least 6 individual sequences) were found: 82/177 annotated in coding regions and 95/177 in non-coding regions. In particular 5/95 were located within 10-bp from a splicing junction. SSPS-NGS prediction analysis suggested the presence of 1/5 potential splicing site (predicting a loss of physiologic donor splicing site), while 4/5 were annotated as polymorphisms. The hypothetical splicing variant was located near the 59 donor splice site at position +1 in the intron between exons 5 and 6 of the GNAQ gene (IVS5+1C->T); it was present with a frequency of mutation of 35%, corresponding to its heterozygous presence in 88% of cells. The presence of this heterozygous mutation was confirmed by Sanger method. SSPS-NGS allowed us to focus on transcriptional analysis of this gene. RNA-seq analysis showed that 73% of GNAQ mRNA effectively skipped the upstream exon 5, resulting in a 4 to 6 frameshift fusion, which likely destroys the GTPase activity of GNAQ. No evidence of GNAQ exon 5 deleted RNA was found in additional 7 patients analyzed who lacked the intronic mutation. We extended the SSPN-NGS analysis to 7 myeloproliferative patients analyzed by exome sequencing. Three novel heterozygous splicing variants were identified, affecting the HOOK1, SMAD9 and DNAH9 genes. All mutations were confirmed by Sanger method. SSPS-NSG analysis predicted 1 loss of donor site in-frame (DNAH9) and 2 loss of acceptor splice site out of frame (HOOK1 and SMAD9), in one case with an activation of a new cryptic splicing site (HOOK1). RNA-seq analysis is in progress. In conclusion, the work presented here showed the applicability of SSPPs-NGS to whole-exome sequencing data as a tool to complement exome analysis, in order to identify novel splicing variants. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This study points out the problem why the family enterprises cannot realize sustainable development with analysis of the current situation to the China's enterprises, moreover,the corresponding countermeasures to solving those problems are proposed.The proposed measures include carrying on the management system reform, implement innovation of manpower, developing successors,national policy support and optimizing financing channel of the family enterprises,etc.. It is believed that proposed package of measures could benefit the China's family enterprises.


This paper describes the differentiation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells cultured within alginate shell microfibers into smooth muscle-like cells. A microfluidic co-axial device was developed and used to fabricate DFAT cell fibers. DFAT cells embedded in extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of fibrin and collagen inside the alginate shell of microfibers were cultured for one week in control and differentiation induction media. Using such technique, we successfully cultured DFAT cells as 3D fibers and demonstrated differentiation of DFAT cells into smooth muscle-like cells. These findings suggest the use of DFAT 3D cell fibers as a promising and efficient approach for tissue regeneration.


Small and medium-sized companies in the investment goods industry find themselves more and more often confronted with radical changes in the conditions of their business environments. The access to one dimensional growth just by selling physical products is becoming increasingly limited. Traditional means are suffering of a constant loss of effectiveness. But even though it has been shown that there are enormous chances in the area of after-sales services in this industry, small- and medium-sized industrial goods manufacturers obtain only about 25% of their turnover with services, due to an insufficient strategic involvement of this topic. On the basis of a long term perspective and against the background of the discussions on stakeholder integration, strategic business segments and the customer-lifetime-value, this paper focuses on the different possibilities of accessing new market potentials by combining and analyzing the implications of different strategic perspectives on after-sales-services and their effects on the customer-lifetime-value.


Fluid equations for a low-beta plasma, where the ratio of the kinetic to the magnetic pressure is small, constitute a system of parabolic partial-differential equations. Depending on the particular assumptions made, this may be a system of three equations for density, electron temperature, and ion temperature, or a single density equation, or a system of four equations where the current density or magnetic field also has to be determined. Such equations were previously solved by one-dimensional models, imposing some additional form of symmetry. In two dimensions, strongly anisotropic diffusion coefficients cause a spurious numerical loss of plasma. This problem was tackled in various geometries for the single density equation, and adequate mass conservation methods were developed. The two principal components of the diffusion were separated and, by a method of fractional steps, were treated by distinct methods. The diffusion parallel to the magnetic field was treated as a one-dimensional problem by two different techniques, (a) using a nonstandard Galerkin finite element, and (b) resulting from an averaging process across a flux tube. Meanwhile, the perpendicular diffusion, when treated by a Galerkin finite element method, gives rise to very wide band matrices, a problem that can be resolved advantageously by usingmore » the alternating direction implicit method.« less


Hundreds of abnormally "hot spots" on lunar surface had been revealed by infrared scanning image during totality using grounded infrared (IR) scanner in the early 1960's, which turned out to be "cold spots" on the microwave (MW) brightness temperature distribution at night according to the Chang'E (CE)-1 radiometer observations. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of radiative transfer is presented to explain this abnormal phenomenon of diurnal changes. Two craters, typically representing the abnormal fresh craters rich in rock abundance and an old one almost with rock free, respectively, and located at similar latitudes are chosen for comparison of their diurnal temperature change. Using the measurements of CE-1 multi-channel microwave radiometer, brightness temperature distributions of these two craters are presented and applied to inversions of the physical temperatures of lunar regolith media, based on a three-layer radiative transfer model. The correlation between the diurnal MW and IR thermal changes of the lunar surface and the rock abundance is discussed.


We propose a framework to modularize the training of neural language models that use diverse forms of context by eliminating the need to jointly train context and within-sentence encoders. Our approach, contextual universal embeddings (CUE), trains LMs on one type of contextual data and adapts to novel context types. The model consists of a pretrained neural sentence LM, a BERT-based contextual encoder, and a masked transfomer decoder that estimates LM probabilities using sentence-internal and contextual evidence.When contextually annotated data is unavailable, our model learns to combine contextual and sentence-internal information using noisy oracle unigram embeddings as a proxy. Real context data can be introduced later and used to adapt a small number of parameters that map contextual data into the decoder's embedding space. We validate the CUE framework on a NYTimes text corpus with multiple metadata types, for which the LM perplexity can be lowered from 36.6 to 27.4 by conditioning on context. Bootstrapping a contextual LM with only a subset of the metadata during training retains 85% of the achievable gain. Training the model initially with proxy context retains 67% of the perplexity gain after adapting to real context. Furthermore, we can swap one type of pretrained sentence LM for another without retraining the context encoders, by only adapting the decoder model. Overall, we obtain a modular framework that allows incremental, scalable training of context-enhanced LMs.


Reported are the synthesis, characterization, and crystal structures of two mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes containing bis[N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (o,o′-iPr2C6H3-BIAN). In both complexes, namely [Cu(AcOH)(o,o′-iPr2C6H3-BIAN)Cl2] (1) and [Cu(acac)(AcOH)(o,o′-iPr2C6H3-BIAN)](ClO4) (2) (acac = acetylacetonate and AcOH = acetic acid), the copper ions are in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment with an acetic acid molecule in each apical position. The two imine nitrogen atoms of o,o′-iPr2C6H3-BIAN occupy the basal plane with the two chloride atoms and the two oxygen atoms of acac in complexes 1 and 2, respectively. Complex formation results in certain structural changes inside the rigid N−N ligand. Such changes led to an increased planarity of the o,o′-iPr2C6H3-BIAN backbone, and produced a nearly perpendicular angle between the naphthalene and the aromatic imine planes. In complex 2, the more perpendicular arrangement of the o,o′-diisopropylphenyl groups shielding the copper centre was structurally allowed by the elongation of one of the metal-to-ligand bonds and by the relatively larger N−Cu−N bite angle. Also discussed are IR, magnetic, and UV/Vis measurements.


Where the foot placement human tend to choose during stable level walking and what the intrinsic relationship between step length, step time, walking velocity and ankle moment are still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate these issues. In this paper, human body is modeled as a linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) with finite-sized foot, according to which the stable step length (SSL) and the stable velocity point (SVP) is derived. Biped gait simulations suggest that to keep the stability of step-to-step transition velocity with the lowest ankle energy consumption, human need to choose SSL to guarantee the foot placements locate at the SVP. The stable walking kinematic data collected from fifteen healthy young adults are analyzed in this paper. Analysis results show that real foot placements are very close to SVP $(R^{2}=0.99956)$ and the mean absolute errors between real foot placement and SVP are below 34 mm (about 6.1% of the average step length). Our main findings are that able-bodied human tend to choose SSL and place foot at SVP to maintain the stability of step-to-step transition velocity during stable level walking. Because of the imprecision of human motor control system, the error between real foot placement and SVP will always exist during stable walking. But due to the ankle effect, human can remain stable gait even though foot placement deviate from SVP within a range by applying ankle moment to reduce the step-to-step transition velocity fluctuation caused by the error between foot placement and SVP.


Reading these statements from the US Bishops and the Holy Father should help every Catholic to be clearer as to the serious responsibility we have to make our vote count. More than anything, it must show us also our obligation before God to protect and defend human life and support those who do. It is what He calls us to do always and everywhere. When we walk into the voting booth, we do not walk in alone. Christ walks in with us.


Growth traits of purebred calves of six beef breeds (Aberdeen Angus - AA, Blonde d'Aquitaine - BA, Charolais - CH, Hereford - HE, Limousine - LI and Beef Simmental - BS) born from 1998 to 2002 were analysed. Traits under study were birth weight (BW), weight at 120 days (W120), weight at 210 days - weaning weight (WW), weight at 365 days - yearling weight (YW) and average daily gains from birth to 120 days (ADG1), from birth to 210 days (ADG2), from birth to 365 days (ADG3), from 120 to 210 days (ADG4). General linear model with class effects of breed, dam's age at calving, sex, herd-year-season (HYS) and covariation of age at weighing was used for analyses. All effects significantly affected both weight and gain traits except for dam's age that was significant for BW, W120, YW and ADG3, and age at weighing that was significant for W120, WW, YW, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4. Estimated least squares means of growth traits were compared using Scheffe's multiple-range tests. Highest BW (40.57 kg) and W120 (172.43 kg) were found for BA calves. BS calves had highest WW (260.30 kg), YW (424.07 kg), ADG1 (1 154 g), ADG2 (1 053 g), ADG3 (1 054 g) and ADG4 (1 098 g). Highest BW, YW, ADG3 and ADG4 were found for males-singles. Males-twins had highest W120, WW, ADG1 and ADG2. Calves descending from 5-7 years old dams had highest BW, W120, WW, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG4. The proportion of variability of growth traits explained by HYS effect (42.96-71.69%) was high, whereas proportions of variability explained by SEX effect (2.03-5.77%), age of dam (1.02-2.24%) and breed (1.05-2.21%) were low. Residuals accounted for 23.71 up to 53.79% of total variance.


The invention brings forward a method for controlling a user terminal to carry out random access in a wireless communication network, wherein the wireless communication network is based on carrier aggregation transmission. The method comprises the following steps: determining whether all the user terminals lose uplink synchronization in all cells or not, wherein the all cells comprise a primary cell and secondary cells; when the user terminal lose uplink synchronization in all cells, physical downlink control channelorder is sent to the user terminal. The physical downlink control channelorder is used to indicate the user terminal to carry out random access. The invention further provides a method for carrying out random access in a mobile station. The mobile station is configured with a primary cell and at least a secondary cell. The method comprises that: determining whether it is need to carry out random access to at least a cell in all cells or not, wherein the all cells comprise a primary cell and at least a secondary cell; when it is need to carry out random access to at least a cell in all cells, the random access is carried out to at least a cell of all cells.


We present an optical system that utilizes passive optical telemetry and sensors to replace traditional seismic acquisition hardware that uses conventional sensors and in-sea electronic modules. The optical system eliminates the costly electronics and problems associated with them, providing a more reliable, less expensive, safer system to operate. We then will describe the system construction and compare data quality between the fiber optic and conventional systems. The optical system utilizes Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) to optically power the sensors; optical interferometers are used to construct sensors. An optoelectronic/acquisition cabinet provides laser source to the optical sensors. The source passes through an interferometer, where outside stresses cause a phase shift in the light passing through the interferometer. The phase information is extracted back in the cabinet to output a signal equivalent to the input stress. Field test of an optical cable was conducted 2006 using a conventional reference cable. The cables were deployed parallel to each other in the Gulf of Mexico. Advances in fiber optic technology provide a system for 4-D reservoir monitoring. A successful demonstration in the Gulf of Mexico shows the optical system meets the requirements permanent reservoir monitoring. Advances in a 3-axis optical accelerometer, have turned this system into a practical tool for 4C permanent reservoir monitoring. We have demonstrated the systems capabilities in deepwater with high channel count over many kilometers while maintaining high dynamic range, low crosstalk and low distortion. The optical system is an excellent fit for and a preferred solution for permanent reservoir monitoring systems.