Objective To observe curative effect of ultra micro incision cataract combined with glaucoma in the treatment of cataract and glaucoma. Methods Retrospectively analyzing clinical data of 107 cases of cataract and glaucoma patients from January 2012 to December 2013 including 55 patients(60 eyes) using ultra micro incision combined with trabeculectomy treatment, listed as observation group, the remaining 52 cases(55 eyes) on conventional incision combined trabeculectomy treatment, observe two groups of patients with postoperative visual acuity, astigmatism, intraocular pressure and complications. Results ① The visual acuity was improved in observation group was obviously, compare the difference was statistically significant(P0.05); ② The degree of postoperative astigmatism observing group was lower than those of control group, rapid recovery, compare the difference was statistically significant(P0.05); ③ Two groups of patients with postoperative intraocular pressure significantly lower compared with preoperative, compared with the preoperative difference was statistically significant(P0.05); ④ Observer postoperative complication rate was lower than the control group, comparing the two groups was statistically significant difference(P0.05). Conclusion Ultra micro incision cataract combined with treatment have a good curative effect and high safety in the treatment of glaucoma and trabeculectomy.


Besides small size, exceptional insertion loss and outstanding isolation, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters and duplexers are often the preferred choice in the transmit path of mobile frontend due to their excellent power handling capabilities. However, they exhibit a nonlinear behavior, causing generation of higher harmonics and a sensitivity of the resonance frequency towards a DC voltage bias. In this paper we present a new BAW device, a stacked crystal resonator (SCR), which intrinsically cancels out the second order nonlinearity and compare it to standard BAW resonators and current solutions for improved linearity. Measurements of first devices demonstrate a 30dB improvement in worst case second order harmonic generation of a SCR over a standard BAW solid mounted resonator. Furthermore, the frequency sensitivity on a DC voltage bias is reduced by a factor of 20 and the coupling coefficient increased by 10%.


Li2MnSiO4/C cathode material was synthesized by sol-gel method with citric acid and sucrose as the carbon source respecively.Powder X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of both orthorhombic Li2MnSiO4/C with Pmn21 space group.Scanning electron microscopy showed Li2MnSiO4/C1(citric acid as the carbon source) were characterized by a large amount of particles with the size of ~500 nm,while Li2MnSiO4/C2(sucrose as the carbon source) was ~1 μm.The electrochemical test results indicated that the initial irreversible capacity of Li2MnSiO4/C2 was lager than the Li2MnSiO4/C1.Both Li2MnSiO4/C had stable discharge capacity after several cycles.Li2MnSiO4/C1 had a higher electrochemical discharge capacity than Li2MnSiO4/C2


A review of analytical and computational properties of the mixed Erlang distribution is given in the context of risk analysis. Basic distributional properties are discussed, and examples of members of the class are provided. Its use in aggregate claims, stop-loss analysis, and risk measures is considered, as are applications in ruin theoretic analysis of the surplus process. Statistical estimation of model parameters is then discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This is an explorative, descriptive and qualitative research carried out at the Maternity Ward of the Academic Medical Center of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from August to November of 2010 with the aim of observing the engagement and the role of the ward assistants at such a facility. 32 individuals have participated in it. From the analysis of the data found by observing the participants, six categories have been constituted: a) The role of the ward assistants by the time of pregnant woman is admitted and discharged; b) Receive and provide information: the communicational complexity at the facility; c) The difficult and consternated role of such a coadjutant at taking care of the newborn; d) The essential assistance at taking care of the puerpera; e) The solidarity towards other families; and f) Between the watch and


Objective: The NHS Cancer Plan sets out a 2-week maximum wait for out-patient appointments for suspected cancers. The NHS Improvement Plan sets an 18-week limit from referral to treatment for noncancer cases. Research on evaluation of adherence to these targets is lacking, and we therefore present data to address this issue. Method: An audit was performed at a local GP practice over a 4-month period. EMIS database was used to retrieve correspondence with commissioned ENT services. Date of referral, clinic attendance, type of investigations, and date of first definitive treatment were observed. Standards for the 2-week and 18-week target are both 100%. Results: n = 31.97% (30/31) were compliant with the "2-week rule." Only 42% (13/31) were compliant with the 18-week pathway. Of the cases that breached the 18-week pathway, 56% (10/18) were pending clinic, 33% (6/18) investigations and 11% (2/18) treatment. Conclusion: Despite extensive frameworks formulated by the Department of Health for tackling waiting times, our data suggest that the local ENT services are not in compliance with the 2-week or 18-week standards. There is need for wider debate and national review.


The present invention provides a timepiece with a wireless function, a wireless function watch which can simultaneously ensure a good texture and good antenna performance. GPS wristwatch (1) comprising: a movement for displaying time (110); a conductive housing (10), which movement housing (110); cover glass (130), which is provided in the housing (10) one end side, covering the surface movement (110) side; the conductive substrate of the solar panel support (120), disposed in the movement (110) and cover glass (130) between, for reflecting a radio wave; and a GPS antenna (11), having a substantially annular conductive antenna electrode (112), and, arranged between the solar panel support substrate (120) and cover glass (130).


Background: Medication regimens are constantly modified and updated during a patient's hospitalization. These modifications and those made after discharge might increase the risk for nonadherence, polypharmacy, and poor outcomes among elderly patients. Objectives: To investigate the extent of in-hospital modification of medication regimens of elderly patients and its relationship to medication adherence as well as one-month postdischarge drug regimen modifications and to examine the relationship of the modifications, adherence, and polypharmacy to mortality and readmissions 3 months postdischarge. Methods: Clinical and demographic data, postdischarge medication modifications, and adherence were prospectively obtained in 212 elderly patients. Inhospital drug regimen modifications were retrospectively recorded. Results: The average ± SD in-hospital medication regimen modification rate was 49.8% ± 28.4. No modifications were found in 9.7% of the patients. Using demographic and clinical parameters, we performed regression analysis and found that patients who were admitted with polypharmacy, discharged home, and cognitively normal experienced fewer medication modifications (p conclusions: Hospitalization of elderly patients is characterized by extensive medication regimen modifications, which are directly correlated with postdischarge modifications and may indicate an increased risk of mortality.


This chapter's focus is the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, during which Boudica was immortalized in Thomas Thornycroft's statue on Westminster Bridge. This chapter seeks to provide a thick and thorough contextualization of this event and its precursors, focusing in particular on Boudica's role in the history of London, but also on Thornycroft's own motivations and preoccupations, which have been overlooked by historians. This chapter also explores the first novelization of Boudica's deeds, a firmly imperialistic account by Marie Trevelyan. This period has been read as the climax of Boudica's association with imperial greatness—a connection I do not seek to wholly refute. However, Thornycroft's own understanding of his statue challenges this, while Trevelyan's conviction was met with credulity by contemporaries. Focusing on these hitherto overlooked points of view sheds light on the complicated relations between pasts and presents.


We report spin-polarized tunneling density of states measurements of the proximity modulated superconductor-insulator transition in ultra thin Be-Al bilayers. The bilayer samples consisted of a Be film of varying thickness, $d_\mathrm{Be}=\,$0.8-4.5 nm, on which a 1 nm thick capping layer of Al was deposited. Detailed measurements of the Zeeman splitting of the BCS coherence peaks in samples with sheet resistances $R\sim h/4e^2$ revealed a super-linear Zeeman shift near the critical field. Our data suggests that critically disordered samples have a broad distribution of gap energies and that only the higher portion of the distribution survives as the Zeeman critical field is approached. This produces a counter-intuitive field dependence in which the gap apparently increases with increasing parallel field.


Disclosed is an air conditioning apparatus of circulation structure for circulating air throughout the inside of a room by discharging upwardly the air sucked from the outside through a lower part. The air conditioning apparatus of circulation structure includes: a housing having an internal space, an air suction part, and an air discharge part; a dehumidifying part provided in the inside of the housing for dehumidifying the air moving from the air suction part to the air discharge part; a blowing part provided at the side of the air discharge part for blowing the air inside the housing through the air discharge part toward an object to be dried; a flow line part arranged behind the dehumidifying part for guiding the air passing through the dehumidifying part to the blowing part; and a duct part with one side connected to the flow line part and the other side provided with the blowing part for forming a flowing passage to enable the outside air to flow toward the blowing part.


Gosta Hellstrom was a prolific film critic who introduced new film movements into Sweden during the 1920s and 1930s. He also had a short career as a film director, and is especially known for his experimental short Tango (1932). Hellstrom is a representative of the early cinephilia and of a modernism that was never to be fulfilled in Sweden, at least not in terms of coherent film production. In the essay Hellstrom and his work are discussed as part of an ephemeral or fragmentary avant-garde.


utors point out that the Bible demands the natural law. That is not as unqualifiedly true as they purport. Certainly Paul does include in Romans 1, as many contributors cite, a passage that claims that even the Gentiles know and are convicted by a more general knowledge of truth, a claim that does look like natural law by another name. But Paul also wrote I Corinthians 1, which claims that human wisdom has been made foolish by God. Further, much of the critique of the antithesis theory in the volume has to do with the necessity of God's actions making rational sense to believers. But Paul denies that God can be judged by humans in Romans 9. The entirety of the book of Job repudiates the concept of humans judging God. One can defend the natural law exegetically, but the biblical weight is not as one-sided as it is presented. Second, the volume depends at times on a questionable history. Contributors assert that magisterial reformers accepted the natural law, but it seems more likely that they simply did not question it. Paul DeHart considers a difference between Martin Luther and Thomas Aquinas – but that debate did not happen. Instead, Luther's debate partner was Erasmus, and the issue at stake was absolutely salvation theory, not politics. Sacrificing Luther's position entails grave theological consequences for the primacy of grace that most evangelicals claim. Augustine of Hippo is frequently mentioned, but mostly for his treatise The City of God. But at some point, political theory must lead to political action, and Augustine was not an ivory-tower academic. Instead, he was able to justify the use of Roman coercive force to attempt to destroy the Donatists, a rival church in North Africa. As evangelicals consider how to approach the public sphere in a pluralistic society where some factions fear theocratic coercion, the specter of a history of claims to divinely ordained persecution must be dealt with openly. Finally, and I recognize the problematic here, are the editors and contributors setting out on a course that leads to religious conversion? Budziszewski notes that one of the possible consequences to which the desire to adopt the natural law leads is a break with the theology of the Reformers, a break he calls a "wholesale rejection" (p. 255). Over the past two decades, there has been an effort at rapprochement between evangelicals and Catholics. Sometimes, this has suggested a cooperative model, such as Mark Noll and Carolyn Nystrom's publication of Is the Reformation Over? (2005), a book that explored the ways that the historical chasms between evangelicals and Catholics seem to be lessening. But in some cases, these efforts at dialogue and cooperation have become conversion, as invited by Christian Smith's How to Go from Being a Good Evangelical to a Committed Catholic in Ninety-Five Difficult Steps (2011). Does this engagement with the natural law involve a paradigm shift away from American evangelicalism? Given the sources and arguments made here, the claim that this does not entail a shift to Catholicism is unconvincing. These issues notwithstanding, Natural Law presents the best sustained theoretical treatment of American evangelicals and natural law political theory to date. For those interested in that topic, or any of the associated loci, this will be an excellent guide.


Symmetric functions are vital to the study of combinatorics because they provide valuable information about partitions and permutations, topics which constitute the core of the subject. The significance of symmetric function theory is manifest by its connections to other branches of mathematics, including group theory, representation theory, Lie algebras, and algebraic geometry. One important basis for the vector space of symmetric functions is the Schur function basis, which has an elegant combinatorial construction. Many other symmetric function bases are special cases of the Schur functions. Schur functions arise in representation theory as the characters of the irreducible representations of the general linear group. They provide insight into the multiplicative structure of the cohomology ring of the Grassmannian. Combinatorial properties of the Schur functions, such as the Littlewood-Richardson Rule and RSK algorithm, provide powerful tools for attacking problems in combinatorics such as permutation enumeration and plane partitions. Macdonald polynomials are a generalization of symmetric functions which have recently generated a significant amount of excitement. The combinatorial formulas for Macdonald polynomials and nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials [4], [6] permit a combinatorial description of nonsymmetric functions, called Demazure atoms, which decompose the Schur functions. We explore several properties of these functions and their applications to representation theory [14], [15]. Quasisymmetric functions are objects that bridge the gap between nonsymmetric functions and symmetric functions. In addition to providing combinatorial information about symmetric functions, the rich structure of quasisymmetric functions relates to other algebraic structures as well. For instance, the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions is dual to the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions, which appears as the Solomon descent algebra. We introduce a new basis for quasisymmetric functions which decompose the Schur functions and we describe several properties they share with Schur functions [7], [8]. We call these functions quasisymmetric Schur functions because of their close relationship to the Schur functions.


A method for preparing copolyester resin using sulfoisophthalate glycol ester is provided to minimize a content of diethylene glycol as a byproduct even while using a terephthalic acid polymerization method. A method for preparing copolyester resin includes the steps of: (i) adding 100-250 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 0-300 parts by weight of polyalkylglycol having an average molecular weight of 400-10,000 represented by the following formula 2: HO-[CH2-CH2-O]n-H, and 0.5-20 parts by weight of a metal acetate catalyst based on 100 parts by weight of a dimethyl sulfoisophthalate sodium salt, and performing transesterification to prepare sulfoisophthalate glycol ester represented by the following formula 1; and (ii) adding 3.5-10.0 mol%, based on the moles of terephthalic acid added, of the prepared sulfoisophthalate glycol ester to bishydroxyethyleneterephthalate prepared from the terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, wherein before a catalyst and an additive are added, polycondensation is performed to control a content of diethyleneglycol as a byproduct to 3.0wt% or less.


Various digestions are available for the determination of selenium (Se) in environmental samples. This study aimed to investigate the most effective digestion method for the determination of Se in green tea samples that effective, eco-friendly, and low cost. Samples were digested with three different acid compositions, the aqua regia method (a mixture of nitric acid-hydrochloric acids HNO3-HCl) in a ratio 1:3, only nitric acid HNO3, and reverse aqua regia method (a mixture of nitric acid-hydrochloric acids HNO3-HCl) in a ratio 3:1. Analysis of Se was conducted using fluorescence spectrometry after derivation by 2,3-diamino naphthalene (DAN). The results show that the aqua regia method was the highest fluorescence intensity. It had given a significant fluorescence intensity of 9.0510 a.u. for 2 mL sample, 26.3689 a.u. for 5 mL sample, 54.4308 a.u. for 10 mL sample, respectively. In addition, the aqua regia digestion resulted in the selenium form in the sample has been converted to tetravalent selenium, and there was a silicone compound as precipitation can be found after digestion. The aqua regia method provides a highly effective digestion method for selenium in green tea samples under fluorescence spectroscopic investigation.


Objective To explore the advantages of bulla resection with video-assisted minithoractomy applied in cases of bulla.Methods 186 cases of bulla admitted between June 2003 and August 2008 were included.Video-assisted minithoracotomy(VAMT)were used to resect the bulla and manual basal sutures or single bulla basal sutures in 136 cases(VAMT group).Regular video thoracoscope operation with Endo-GIA resecting bulla was used in 52 cases(VATS group).Intra-operative and post-operative data and complication were collected,compared and statistically analyzed.Results Compared with VATS group,no significant difference was found in blood loss,percentage of post-operative analgesia,extraction of drainage,and time for post-operative exercise,days of antibiotic and discharge,hospitalization,rate of postoperative complication.Significant differences were found in duration of procedure,expense of hospitalization,cases of post-operative air leakage.113 cases in VAMT group and 41 cases in VATS group were followed for 6 months to 5 years.No recurrence was found.Conclusion Both methods of video thoracoscope operation possess the advantage of little injury,less complication,dependable effect of treatment,VAMT group has a much lower expense,shorter duration of operation,so VAMT is a recommendatory procedure in basic level hospital.


An apparatus capable of detecting a displacement of a probe from a track of a recording medium caused by track fluctuations and vibrations at a recording/reproducing period. For example, a probe is maintained to vibrate at a frequency and in the direction perpendicular to a data train at a amplitude smaller than the width of the data train. In this case, the amplitude of a reproduced signal of the data train changes with the displacement between the probe and the data train. An envelope signal of the reproduced signal is phase detected using as a reference signal the vibration waveform (standard signal) at frequency fo of the probe, to obtain a signal proportional to the displacement from the data train. Using this signal, it becomes possible to feedback control the probe so as to make it trace the data train.


Recently there has been a lot of interest in such bounds. In [FKM, Section 1.4], Theorem 2' (with an unspecified dependence on f and s and in the case of trivial nebentypus) has been derived from a general result on exponential sums in Hecke eigenvalues of modular forms. Hoffstein [Ho] has devised an alternative method based on double Dirichlet series to derive Theorem 2' for holomorphic f and with an unspecified dependence on f and s. Finally, Munshi [Mu] and Wu [Wu] have improved the exponent in Theorem 1'.


The two edge portions (54a, 54b) are welding apparatus and the welding method to form a weld seam (52) between said edges (54a, 54b) has a root portion (58) and inclined portion (60) to form a Y-junction, said root portion (58), the hybrid laser arc welding head (2) by the plasma and the laser beam to a single interaction zone (24) of molten metal (10) and the arc (22) It is welded in the hybrid laser arc welding method comprising shed. Hybrid laser arc welding head (2) and submerged arc welding head (4), in order to weld the Y-junction, it is placed on a common carrier mechanism (46, 50). .FIELD 4


An L-band low quiescent current and low distortion SiGe HBT driver amplifier having a self base bias control circuit is described. Since the size of this circuit is small and it does not need external control circuit, it is easy to integrate with the driver amplifier on single chip. According to the output power level, the self base bias control circuit, which is the combination of a P-MOSFET current mirror and a conventional constant base coltage circuit, automatically controls the base voltage and allows low quiescent current at low output power level and low distortion at high output power level. The simulated result shows that the proposed driver amplifier realized P1dB improvement of 3.0dB compared with the conventional constant base voltage driver amplifier under the same quiescent current condition. The fabricated amplifier achieved P1dB of 14.9dBm with quiescent currrent of 15.3mA.


Multiplications occur frequently in DSP systems, communication systems, and other application specific integrated circuits. The multiplication operation is present in many part of a digital system or digital computer, most suitably in signal processing, graphics and scientific computations. With advances in technology, various techniques have been proposed to design multipliers which offer high speed, low power compact VLSI implementation. These three parameters i.e., power, area and speed are always traded off.


tubules was proliferating, many of them being filled with young cells, staining deeply with carmine. The endothelium covering the Malpighian tufts had proliferated, and some of these bodies were undergoing mucoid degeneration. The vessels were thickened and surrounded by areas of newly formed and highly nucleated fibrous tissue. But, further, the intertubular stroma contained many lymphoid cells, probably derived from the blood. This rare case, then, points to chronic renal disease undergoing a transient attack of congestion. As a result of long and careful observation, Saundby has found that the large white and the small red kidney, together with all the inter. mediate forms, are the result of inflammation affecting all the tissues. The large white kidney, in which the parenchyma is chiefly implicated, is caused by inflammation of great intensity; the small red kidney, with greater effects upon the stroma, results from slight, but prolonged, inflammations; and the intermediate forms correspond to all degrees of intensity. These observations cannot fail to rouse much attention among pathologists. They confer a signal service upon medical science, by doing away with artificial classification of disease, and giving instead a broad and natural system.


The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) has been introduced as a way of authorizing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route announcements. The highly centralized structure of the RPKI provides security guarantees against external threats, e.g. prefix hijacking, but allows for the unilateral revocation of allocated resources. Recent efforts propose changes to the RPKI to create accountability of such unilateral actions. The project under consideration continues these efforts by providing a mechanism for ensuring global consistency. We solve the global consistency problem by constructing a k–connected graph containing all 2–party audits that the honest Autonomous Systems must perform to ensure that no mirror worlds exist.


Ultracold Physics
Experimental progress over the past few decades has led to the mastery of ultracold atomic gases. A major thrust of current research is to extend this success to ultracold molecules, which would open qualitatively new perspectives for quantum information science, precision measurement, quantum chemistry, and other fields. The internal degrees of freedom in molecules preclude immediate implementation of conventional methods. Using a specific combination of rovibronic optical transitions, Mitra et al. report direct Sisyphus laser cooling of the symmetric top molecule CaOCH3 to temperatures below 1 millikelvin (see the Perspective by Hudson). The proposed scheme for cooling is potentially applicable to a wide range of nonlinear polyatomic molecules.

Science , this issue p. [1366][1]; see also p. [1304][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abc5357
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abd1657


Introduction To enhance slower arterial flow as well as faster flow without increasing imaging time, we have proposed a new MRA technique named hybrid of opposite-contrast MRA (HOP-MRA) that combined standard TOF white-blood (WB) MRA with the flow-sensitive black-blood (FSBB) sequence, resulting in excellent visualization of slow-flow vessels, as compared to the MTC-TOF MRA technique [1,2]. However, flow-void artifacts were notable especially in major brain arteries in the HOP-MRA technique. This was hypothesized to be due to the difference of gradient moment nulling (GMN) in the 1 echo (TOF) part of the sequence. "Phase-encode displacement (PED) artifacts" [3] are well known, in which blood vessels are shifted from the original position depending on velocity, angle between flow and read-out, and gradient shape in a spin warp GRE-based sequence. A full-velocity compensation (3-axis GMN) was employed in the TOF part of the HOP-MRA sequence to reduce the PED artifacts. A standard MTCTOF sequence employed the GMN in k-space center in the two phase-encode directions (2-axis GMN). The purpose of this study was to assess flowvoid artifacts and the degree of PED artifacts due to the GMN difference in TOF part in HOP-MRA. Methods Simulation for the PED artifacts was performed based on Nishimura's method [3]. Simulation conditions were: time interval between center of phase-encode pulse and the echo peak (deltaT) was 2.85ms, radius (R) of blood-vessel was 3mm and the flowing direction was 45deg that provides a maximum displacement from the read-out direction (X) (Fig. 1a). Imaging was performed on a 1.5-T whole-body imager (EXCELART Vantage, Toshiba Medical Systems Corp.). Dual-echo 3D-gradient-echo sequence (FE3D) and parallel imaging with a reduction factor of 2 were employed. In the 1st echo for TOF, TE=6.4 ms and 1 order GMN was employed. In the 2nd echo (for FSBB), TE=24 ms and flow dephasing gradient of b=2 s/mm were employed. Volume images for HOP-MRA were obtained by simple-weighted subtraction using TOF signal, STOF and FSBB signal, SBB as SHOP=STOF-a*SBB and the scaling coefficient a=1.5 was used. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) was performed without volume selection. Two types of TOF with 3-axis GMN and 2-axis GMN for generating HOP-MRA were compared in simulation and in a volunteer study. Results and Discussion Simulation results showed that vessel walls remained within the ideal vessel positions at velocities below 50 cm/s, though the distortions of vessel profiles were pronounced in higher velocities (Fig. 1b). Flow void artifacts in the HOP-MRA using TOF with 3axis-GMN were decreased by using TOF with 2-axis GMN (Fig. 2). This was likely due to dephasing effects induced by higher order moments over 2 order. Vessel shift artifacts were pronounced in the TOF-MRA with 2-axis GMN but the vessel width remained within the original vessel walls similar to the results of the simulation. Those artifacts, however, were decreased in the HOP-MRA even with the 2-axis GMN due to the contribution of FSBB signal, and the width between vessel walls in the HOP-MRA was almost similar to that with the 3-axis GMN and FSBB where realistic profiles were probably provided. (Fig. 3). Considering less flow-void artifacts and minor vessel shift artifacts, 2-axis GMN is better for the TOF part on HOP-MRA sequence. The HOP technique is suitable for decreasing both flow-void and PED artifacts in MRA compared to TOF alone. References [1] Kimura T et al. MRM62: 450-458 (2009). [2] Kodama T. at al.: Proc of ISMRM, p3416, 2008. [3] Nishimura et al. MRM 22, 481-492, 1991.


This paper describes a new way of representing LISP lists in a LISP-oriented architecture. List structures are regarded as trees occurring in a logical space. Information-containing nodes of the logical trees are then mapped into a compact tabulax representation in physical memory. This tabular representation is coupled with an architecture that includes a small associative table cache and performs primitive LISP operations directly on the tabular list structure representation. This architecture permits rapid access to list items and streaming of sequences of desired elements. Performance can be enhanced fur ther for certain recursive LISP algorithms that can be transformed into faster iterative versions or into simple table lookup operations. This system has the potential to achieve far more efficient execution of LISP programs.


Frequent wire breaking occurred on diameter 8.0 mm 60Si2MnA hot rolled wire rod when wire was drawn.When other chemical compositions change little,Mo mass fraction is 0.082%,0.078%,0.026%,0.005%,the abnormal structure such as martensite and bainite occurs in the former three hot rolled wire rod microstructure.When the heating temperature is 850 ℃,holding time is 15 minutes and taking air cooling,furnace cooling and oil quenching process respectively,the microstructure of two heat number specimens of Mo mass fraction 0.082%,0.078% occurs abnormal structure when air cooling directly,microstructure is normal when air cooling after inlay.The microstructure of two heat number specimens of Mo mass fraction 0.026%,0.005% is normal when air cooling directly or after inlay.The microstructure of four specimens is normal when furnace cooling,the microstructure of four specimens is normal quenching structure martensite and little retained austenite when oil quenching.


FIELD: pipe rolling production. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pipe rolling production, namely to a method for producing seamless cold-deformed pipes of 426×14-19 mm size of steel grade 08H18N10T-SH. Method includes casting of hollow ingots with electroslag remelting of 670×in.430×3200±50 mm, boring and turning them into hollow ingots-billets of the size 650×in. 450×3200±50 mm, heating of ingot-billets in a methodical furnace to a temperature of 1250–1260 °C, rolling them on a pilgrim mill into a 490×38×8400-8700 mm, austenization, cutting of pipes into two pipes of equal length, machining – boring and turning into billets-billets with dimensions: 474×19×4200-4350 and 474×22×4200-4350 mm, rolling of mechanically processed billets at the cold reducer along the routes: 474×19×4200-4350-426×14×5950-6200, 474×19×4200-4350-426×15×5500-5750 and 474×19×4200-4350-426×16×5200-5400 mm; 474×22×4200-4350-426×17×5650-5850, 474×22×4200-4350-426×18×5300-5500 and 474×22×4200-4350-426×19×5100-5250 mm and heat treating of cold-rolled pipes. EFFECT: cost of expensive metal is reduced as well as roughness of the outer and inner surfaces. 3 cl, 1 tbl


Two yaw motion control systems that improve a vehicle lateral stability are proposed in this study: a rear wheel steering yaw motion controller (SESP) and an enhanced rear wheel steering yaw motion controller (ESESP). A SESP controls the rear wheels, while an ESESP steers the rear wheels and front outer wheel to allow the yaw rate to track the reference yaw rate. A 15 degree-of-freedom vehicle model, simplified steering system model, and driver model are used to evaluate the proposed SESP and ESESP. A robust antilock braking system (ABS) controller is also designed and developed. The performance of the SESP and ESESP are evaluated under various road conditions and driving inputs. They reduce the slip angle when braking and steering inputs are applied simultaneously, thereby increasing the controllability and stability of the vehicle on slippery roads.


Shengliangyou 5814, a two-line hybrid rice combination, was developed from the cross of a two-line male sterile Y58 s and the restorer line Bing 4114. It was registered and released for commercial production by National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2009. Shengliangyou 5814 was introduced and planted in Heping county of Fujian province. In this paper, we introduced planting performance and highyielding cultivation techniques of Shengliangyou 5814.


T he North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), both located in Colorado Springs, Colorado, are two distinct commands, bound together and united in a common purpose— charged with the resolute mission of defending North America. NORAD defends the United States and Canada against threats in the air domain and provides aerospace and maritime warning. Founded in 2002 in the wake of 9/11, USNORTHCOM defends the United States against threats across all domains, conducts cooperative defense activities with our allies and partners in North America, and, when required, supports Federal, state, and local agencies with unique military capabilities to conduct defense support of civil authorities.


: Happiness is the wealth of all cultures, the unique culture of India is ingrained in its spiritual heritage which is imbibed in thoughts, feelings and behaviour of people through socialisation. Sustainable happiness is a much-desired goal of people of all age groups and spirituality connects people with their existence which is inadvertently sustainable and blissful. The present study focuses to find out how spirituality relates to happiness among people of different age groups. A sample of 180 people of three age groups, i.e. 20-30 years, 40-50 years and 60-70 years was selected through stratified incidental sampling method. For data collection, Hindi translations of the Spiritual Orientation Inventory (SOI) developed by Elkins et. al. (1988) having nine dimensions and the Orientations to Happiness Profile, having four pathways, developed by Peterson and Seligman (2005) were used. The obtained data was analysed through SPSS 20 to find out descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Spiritual Orientation has been found to be positively correlated with the Meaning and Engagement dimension of Happiness across all the age groups. Along with a significant correlation of four dimensions of Spiritual Orientation with dimensions of Happiness, Spirituality related significantly with the Happiness of people in 20-30 years of age. In 40-50 years of age, five dimensions of Spirituality showed a significant relationship with Meaning and Victory dimensions of Happiness. Few dimensions of Spirituality including Mission in Life and Awareness of Tragic significantly related with dimensions of Happiness in the age group of 60-70 years. Material Values and Pleasure were found to be negatively correlated with Happiness of people in the older age groups.


This study examined customer satisfaction and organizational performance of the banking subsector in South-East, Nigeria. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between customer satisfaction and banks performance. The study adopted survey design, with bank customers and staff as the population of the study. Questionnaire designed on five (5) point likert-scales were used to collect the respondent's opinions and interests respectively. The study used inferential statistical techniques which comprises of kolmogrov-smirvov test and Kendalls co-efficient of con-cordance test to test the hypotheses. The result revealed that there were positive significant relationships between customer satisfaction and banks performance in all the variables tested. The study therefore, recommended that banks should increase customer satisfaction through improving their financial service quality and meeting their expectations.


Summary Plasma human growth-hormone (HGH) response to hypoglycemia was studied in normals, maturity-onset diabetics, and insulin-dependent diabetics. Interpretation of the response is valid only when equated to comparable levels of glucose. Hospitalized and nonhospitalized normals, although showing comparable basal HGH levels after 1 hr of rest, show significantly different responses to insulin. When hospitalized normals are used as controls, the maturity-onset diabetic group show a significantly higher peak response to a comparable degree of hypoglycemia. Glucocorticoid administered as a single high dose every other day produces a significant lowering of the basal HGH levels and of the response to hypoglycemia in the insulin-dependent diabetic group.


Based on literature [8],it is discussed that pricing for perpetual American options with underlying asset driven by fractional Brownian motion and accompanied continuous dividends.Explicit solutions are given for the prices of the perpetual American call and the perpetual American put.The corresponding critical asset prices for early exercise are also given explicitly.Furthermore,the influence of change of dividends on early exercise of perpetual American options is analyzed.


The selection and preparation of electrolyte solution, the change of acidity and the effect of acidity on level of tin in electrorefining indium were investigated, and the behavior of tin ion in electrolyte solution was studied. Electrolyte solution In2(SO4)3H2SO4 is simple and convenient in operation, and the evolution of poisonous gas is avoided on the anode. Sn2+ can be deposited on cathode, but the tin deposition is decreased to lowest at pH 2~3. pH would increase on the cathode region, but decrease on the anode region in electrolytic refining. The method of acidity control by adding sulfuric acid or solid sodium hydrate was described.


In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of small molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the bimolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or more simply rational design is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the bimolecular target is known as structure-based drug design. Structure-based drug design (or direct drug design) relies on knowledge of the three dimensional structure of the biological target obtained through methods such as x-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. If an experimental structure of a target is not available, it may be possible to create a homology of the target based on the experimental structure of a related protein. Using the structure of the biological target, candidate drugs that are predicted to bind with high affinity and selectivity to the target may be designed using interactive graphics and the intuition of a medicinal chemist. Alternatively various automated computational procedures may be used to suggest new drug candidates. Keywords : Therapeutic, Three-dimensional structure, Rational drug design, Structure-based drug design, Crystallography and Spectroscopy.


The author examines the overall world business scene, identifying a clear shift toward loosening of restrictions that once made sense in a parochial world but that no longer serve global reality. He discusses restrictions on the regional holding companies in the US, describing them as roadblocks to a global information highway, and highlights some of the ways in which they are being circumvented.<<ETX>>


Sleep plays an integrated role in health maintenance including cardiovascular (CV) health. Sleep Insufficiency (SI) is a common modifiable risk condition that is strongly linked to major adverse CV events and mortality. However, data on the overall impact and related disparities of SI on CV mortality (CVM), at nationwide level and within different patient groups, are scarce and uncertain.

 Herein, we aim to study the independent relationship between county level SI and CVM in overall population and within various age, sex, and race/ethnic subgroups.

 Using the Behavioral risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS), SI county levels were assessed as the percentage of adults who report fewer than the recommended level of optimal sleep duration (<7 hours). Age-adjusted CVM rates (ACVM) between 2016 to 2019, were obtained using wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research tool of Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC). BRFSS, CDC diabetes interactive atlas, census population estimates, environmental public network, and county health rankings databases, were utilized to acquire county data of demographics, CV risk, socio-environmental, and health care access factors. Poisson multivariate generalized linear mixed models were employed to assess incidence rate ratios (IRR). To evaluate the absolute impact of SI on ACVM, additional yearly deaths per 100,000 individuals (AYD) were calculated.

 Among 3143 US counties, 2853 counties who had data on SI and ACVM, were analyzed. Of 321,625,744 residents (50.8% women, 12.4% non-Hispanic blacks, 15% aged ≥65) lived at 2853 US counties in 2016, total 3,408,047 (1.1%) CV deaths occurred between 2016–2019. In fully adjusted analysis*, SI significantly associated with overall ACVM (IRR: 1.021; 95% CI: 1.013 to 1.029), that translated to 4.6 AYD. In additional subgroup analysis, SI significantly associated with higher ACVM among middle aged adults [45 to 64] (IRR: 1.024; 95% CI: 1.010 to 1.038), elderly [≥65] (IRR: 1.022; 95% CI: 1.014 to 1.030), males (IRR: 1.019; 95% CI: 1.010 to 1.028), females (IRR: 1.023; 95% CI: 1.013 to 1.033), and in non-Hispanic whites (IRR: 1.024; 95% CI: 1.016 to 1.033). Notably, this association remained significant in the (≥65) aged subgroup of males, and females, as well as in both age subgroups of the non-Hispanic whites, (Figure).

 County level SI is robustly related to high ACVM, and that relationship is most apparent amongst both age and sex subgroups as well as non-Hispanic whites. Moreover, this association is significantly independent of potential confounders that have a plausible association with CVM, such as demographics, socioeconomic, environmental, health care access, and cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, tailored population-level strategies to promote healthy sleep pattern and reduce the prevalence of SI, are imperative for preventing CVM, especially in the most impacted communities and patient subgroups.

 Type of funding sources: None.


This booklet is a final report and recommendations of the International Conference on Population and Reproductive Health in the Muslim World organized by the Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research of Al-Azhar University at Cairo Egypt. The goals of the conference were to evaluate the progress achieved in the population field in the Islamic world; to pursue and strengthen dialogue among Sharia scholars and Islamic scientists; and to make recommendations and sponsor strategies and plans of action for population in an Islamic context. Participants submitted research and deliberations on issues concerning the population. In addition recommendations and proposals were given involving the axes of development population and environmental issues and emigration. The conference also focused on the family; the woman; the youth; reproductive health; information education and communication techniques; the elderly; and disabled people. Overall conference participants call upon organizations and institutions to develop an international training program covering the three axes that will benefit Islamic states.


Experimental results on diffusion in alumina are summarized and critically discussed. The most reliable results are those on volume diffusion in single crystals (sapphire), and are available for a wide variety of substances, including the structural elements oxygen and alumina, water, monovalent cations, and trivalent cations. Experimental results on volume diffusion in polycrystalline alumina have also been reported for hydrogen, water, some actinides, and rare earths. Diffusion coefficients have been deduced from deep penetration tails on diffusion profiles, and have been interpreted to result from fast diffusion along dislocations or grain boundaries. However, there are questions about these interpretations that are discussed. Mechanisms of diffusion in alumina are uncertain; a variety of charged defects has been suggested to control diffusion in alumina, but no interpretation is widely accepted because of discrepancies with experimental results. The possibility of an AlO defect is put forward to stimu...


For independent random vectors X and Y, define S = X + Y When the conditional expectations and [ILM0002] are given, then under certain assumptions, the density function of X has the form u(x) k(α) eα'x, where u(x) is uniquely determined


Vinyl acetate was copolymerized with triallyl isocyanurate which was then saponified, activated, and DNA was immobilized on to the adsorbent. The physical properties and blood compatibility of the adsorbents were determined. Results showed that the copolymers possessed large average pore size and after saponification the hydrophilicity of the copolymer was increased, followed by the activatio the surface area of the copolymer was increased, and the pore distribution was homogenized. The adsorbent showed good blood compatibility. Platelet depletion was about 10% and no destruction of leucocyte was observed. Up to 60% of the an-DNA (0.714 mg/ml, 20 ml was used) was removed by 1 g of adsorbent, during 2 h of adsorption in vitro.


The paper proposes a novel approach to force and compliance control of multi-degreesof-freedom robot manipulator. The acceleration control is applied to both motions. The control law is described in the Cartesian space, however, the final command is the acceleration in joint space. The interactive terms in each joint disturb and deteriorate joint motion. The disturbance observer cancels out the total sum of these terms. As a result, an independent and robust control is possible in the force task. The proposed system is tested in the three-DOF robot manipulator. 1.Introduction Several researches about force control and compliant motion have been done as to the contact task of the robot. However, much compensation is necessary for the precise motions[ll. Particularly, the compensation of the interactive forces is indispensable for the well force control. To compensate the disturbances, previous papers pointed that the robot controller should have the complicated process such as the nonlinear feedback control[2], the compensation method in resolved acceleration control[3], and so on. These algorithms have several problems. For example, one problem is that the employed algorithm such as the inverse dynamics is too complex to execute in the ordinary microprocessor. Therefore they are also unsuitable for the fast on-line compensation. Moreover, in those algorithms, mechanical parameters such as the friction coefficients are used. These parameters vary according to the operating conditions. In other words, the compensations based on these algorithms are weak against the parameter variations. These problems are the major reasons why they are n o t adopted in the industrial robots.


A compound of 3-propyl-5,6-dihydroxyisocoumarin has been synthesezed from 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid through 8 steps. It is discussed here about cyclization mechanism of polysubtitued isocoumarin in the process of synthesis.


• As such, it will obey the fundamental rule of classifications that the sister categories contained therein, at whatever the level of granularity, both inherit the defining characteristics (be it entities or associated relations) from the parent category, and feature additional distinctive categories (entities or associated relations) that distinguish them from their siblings. Furthermore, any set of categories at any one level coming from a same parent must be jointly exhaustive and mutually exclusive (JE-ME principle).


The generalized synchronization of autonomous chaotic systems is investigated. A new approach is proposed based on the modified state observer method and the pole placement technique, which have a wide scope of applications. The linear and nonlinear generalized synchronizations of autonomous chaotic systems are achieved by using the proposed method. According to the state observer theory, some sufficient conditions of global asymptotic generalized synchronization between the drive and response systems are obtained. Numerical simulations further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


The effect of the conditions applied for the synthesis of cobalt aluminate powder on the thermal behaviour of a typical transparent frit was investigated. The nano-sized cobalt aluminate spinels were prepared with the combustion method. The powders were synthesized at a pH of 2.5, 7.0, 10.5 and a fuel ratio of 0.56 and 0.75 using cobalt and aluminium nitrates and glycine as fuel. The obtained gels were calcined at 800 and 1000 °C. 2 wt% calcined powders were added to an industrial transparent frit and the thermal behaviour of the modified glazes was studied by means of hot stage microscopy (HSM). The thermal properties are described in terms of height percentage and contact angle. All samples began to shrink close to 700 °C and reached a minimum value at around 1330 °C. The synthesis of powder at acidic and neutral pH with a low content of fuel led to a significant change in the height percentage and an expansion was observed between 940 and 1040 °C. The HSM data were analyzed with the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation and the influence of the synthesis conditions on the molten viscosity was evaluated. The results indicated that the synthesis of cobalt aluminate gel at neutral pH in the presence of a low fuel ratio and calcination at 1000 °C provides the best conditions from an industrial point of view.


The recurrence in the event and seriousness of floods has rapidly increased worldwide. In any case, numerous areas around the world, particularly in developing nations, come up short on the essential field observing information to portray flood hazard risk. Flash floods are hazardously quick-moving floods brought about by a lot of overwhelming precipitation in a restricted zone. These sorts of floods happen for an assortment of reasons, including concentrated precipitation, and enormously affect the nature and social structure of the zone. They pulverize drainage frameworks in urban areas; structures can be altogether harmed and even wrecked. Many developing nations are confronted with fast and uncontrolled urbanization, particularly settlements that were fabricated near riverbeds. Urbanization along these lines would cause impermeable surfaces where percolation of water can't happen and the impact of flood likewise increments. This study focused on the assessment of flood hazard areas of Juba city using remote sensing, geographic information system and analytic hierarchy process. It is a city where flash flooding is very common whenever it rains heavily either due to the blocking of water channels by buildings constructed on waterways or due to lack of drainage channels. It's of this view that flash flood mapping to recognize locales in high hazard flood zones is one of the integral assets that will be advantageous to urban and infrastructure organizers, hazard administrators, and calamity response or crisis administrations during extraordinary and extreme precipitation occasions. To achieve the above objective, thematic layers such as slope, rainfall, geology, drainage density, distance from the drainage network, soil texture, topographic wetness index, land use land cover, flow accumulation, elevation were prepared and geocoded to WGS-1984 (UTM zone 36N) and weights were assigned using analytic hierarchy process and then raster calculator in ArcGIS was used to generate the final flood hazard map. The flood hazard zone map was generated with four classes namely; very safe, safe, high and very high with 1.19%, 59.52%, 38.69% and 0.60% respectively. The flood hazard zones map was not validated due to lack of ground data, however, as being the resident of the city and having knowledge of frequently flooded areas, visual inspection of safe and risky areas was done on google earth by converting the map into KML format and verifying, it was found that most risk areas fall in recently flooded areas. This study would fill the gap and provide a vital database of susceptible zones to flash flooding of the city to come up with early management mitigation measures.


The prediction of the production of food is a very important topic that is attracting more the attention of researchers, scholars and professionals in the field of business and management since it is currently an issue at a global level considering the shortage of food and the exponential increase of the population. Similarly, the development of forecasting models about production are commonly used by different researchers and scholars to create predictions of the production systems, including good, as they normally provide valuable information for both making business decisions and reducing costs. For this reason, the main objective of this empirical research is the proposal of a forecast production model by applying a case study for a family agro-industrial enterprise from Aguascalientes (Mexico) through the implementation of a computer system that improves significantly their planning and commercial system of agro-industrial products (i.e. broccoli).


Nineteen patients with urethral stricture involving the bulbar urethra were treated by a one-stage free full-thickness skin graft urethroplasty. Results with one year follow-up: excellent: 16--fair: 1--poor: 2. These results are slightly altered with 5 years follow-up: excellent: 12--fair: 3--poor: 3. An urethrotomy was necessary for three patients.


Investigation on the cultivation of milky mushroom, Calocybe indica was conducted to find out the growth and yield performance on different substrates. The yield of fresh mushroom obtained from paddy straw, teak leaves and sugarcane trash substrates were 1140, 745 and 570 g/kg respectively. The nutritional significance of Calocybe indica cultivated on different substrates was assessed in terms of protein, carbohydrate, amino acids and lipids. The cellulolytic activity and coir pith compost was also tested using Calocybe indica. The present result suggest, the lignocellulosic substrate like paddy straw, teak leaves and sugarcane trash shown great potential for use as a raw material since this substrate provides an economically acceptable production for Calocybe indica.


The global wine market is driven in its development by a complex mix of history, culture and economics. This article examines the evolution of the market from its ancient roots to its current globalized state, highlighting the emergence of New World wine regions and the challenges and opportunities associated with climate change. The author emphasizes the importance of economic dynamics, from the nuances of supply and demand to the effects of tariffs and technological advances. In addition, the article explores the growing trends in wine con-sumption, highlighting the shift towards organic and biodynamic wine types and changing consumer prefer-ences. The article forecasts the potential growth of the wine market, identifies emerging regions and the role of technology in shaping the future of the industry. For viticultural stakeholders understanding these economic drivers is paramount to ensuring sustainable growth in production and its ability to withstand global challenges.


The purpose of the study was to examine how well people at Reykjavík University were sorting waste under the current instructions and see if addition of prompt intervention would improve waste sorting. Participants in the study were students, staff and visitors at the university building during data collection. The experimental design used was multiple baseline across settings. The ratio for right and wrongly sorted waste in recycling bins was analyzed across 3 locations in the Reykjavík University. A prompt intervention was used in addition to current instructions on waste sorting. The prompt was a poster that displayed the word "Stop" and two instruction pictures. One picture depicted the most common error made in waste sorting and the other after it had been adjusted. The posters were placed on top of selected recycling bins. The findings revealed that a majority of the waste items were sorted incorrectly under the current instructions and that the intervention improved sorting behavior by decreasing the percent of incorrectly sorted waste. Ratio for wrongly sorted waste indicated that current instructions were ineffective and did not encourage appropriate waste sorting behavior. The effect of the intervention further suggested a need for revision of the current instructions with the aim of improving waste sorting behavior.


The subject of this research is the policing activities in France during 2004‐2005 towards its Muslim population and related public discourses. It will compare the statistics of judiciary police and administrative police provided by the French authority in order to study the relation between surveillance activities and criminality of the given population. It will point out that the preventative measures taken by the administrative police specifically towards the Muslim population are disproportionately high in comparison to the actual occurences of terrorist actions committed by the group. Using the notion of securitization as an  analytical  tool,  the  paper  will  explain  that  the  cohabitation  with  the  Muslim  population  had  been  represented  as  an existential  threat  in France  justifying  severe measures disproportionate  to  the objective  threat.  It  concludes  that  the acute vigilance surrounding the Muslims derives significantly from the raised "securityness" the French authority itself attributed to its Muslim population. The argument presented in this study adds an important perspective to the study of  immigration.  It shows  how  an  escalation  of  securitization  leads  to  heightened  tension  between  the  immigrants  and  the  host  society, actualizing the perceived threat by its own acts.


Using comprehensive patent lawsuit data from 2000 to 2014, we find that a stock portfolio consisting of firms involved in patent lawsuits provides significantly positive stock returns (between 0.56% to 1.02% per month) in the following year. We propose and examine several possible explanations for this pattern, including defendants' cash level, financial constraints, unknown systematic risk, and investors' underreaction to potential benefits associated with patent litigation. Further evidence shows that patent litigation is associated with higher future profitability and lower future competition, and that the return predictability is concentrated in stocks with greater information delay. Our novel finding can be best explained by investors' underreaction to potential benefits relating to patent litigation.


Counts or averages over arbitrary regions are often analyzed using con- ditionally autoregressive (CAR) models. The neighborhoods within CAR models are generally determined using only the inter-distances or boundaries between the sub-regions. To accommodate spatial variations that may depend on directions, a new class of models is developed using difierent weights given to neighbors in difierent directions. By accounting for such spatial anisotropy, the proposed model generalizes the usual CAR model that assigns equal weight to all directions. Within a fully hierarchical Bayesian framework, the posterior distributions of the param- eters are derived using conjugate and non-informative priors. E-cient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms are provided to generate sam- ples from the marginal posterior distribution of the parameters. Simulation studies are presented to evaluate the performance of the estimators and are used to com- pare results with traditional CAR models. Finally the method is illustrated using data sets on local crime frequencies in Columbus, OH and on the elevated blood lead levels of children under the age of 72 months observed in Virginia counties for the year of 2000.


We read with interest the study published by Braaten and colleagues, analysing the long-term outcomes of 60 patients developing persistent inflammatory arthritis (IA) after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cessation. The most relevant result of the study was the presence of active arthritis in more than half of the patients at the last follow-up visit.1

We report here our experience in the context of a joint oncology/rheumatology outpatient clinic, in order to evaluate the risk of developing IA in patients treated by anti-PD1 drugs. During 1-year period, we consecutively assessed all the adult patients candidate to anti-PD1 treatment, referring to the Oncology Unit at the Sapienza University of Rome. After treatment starts, in the case of musculoskeletal manifestations, patients were referred to the Sapienza Arthritis Center, Rheumatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome. Arthritis was defined as the occurrence of at least one episode of clinical synovitis, with morning stiffness lasting at least 30 min. …


Representative Louise Slaughter (D-NY) seems to have a primary mission in Congress to eliminate the use of antibiotics in agriculture to save mankind from antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. "Overuse of antibiotics on farms leads directly to antibiotic resistant pathogens," as stated by Slaughter, is an oversimplification of the problem of antibiotic resistance. An opposing effect of widespread, untreated, animal diseases might be a result of Congress restricting or eliminating the use of effective antimicrobials in animals. A healthy animal is a healthy food source. Processed and USDA-inspected meat is relatively pure of bacteria; it is handling of the product that causes most contamination with bacteria. Many scientists have searched for data that would prove transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals to humans, but significant occurrences have not been concluded. Most disturbing to me is the loss of many tons of meat to landfills from companies trying to appeal to the safety of consumers while most of the product would be greatly needed protein and nutritional source for the masses of malnourished people throughout the world. Good intentions can cause bad results, especially if made into a law.


In order to develop environmental aesthetics, Berleant takes environment as an aesthetic paradigm. His understanding of the nature of environment decides the nature of his aesthetics of engagement, which emphasizes experiential continuity and rejects the separation between subject and object. Based on these ideas, he criticizes Kant's core idea of disinterestedness in his series of books. Berleant's environmental aesthetics has a significant impact on ecoaesthetics in China. However, Berleant's criticism of Kant's core idea of disinterestedness is a misunderstanding and his conception of environment is not fundamentally sound. The future of ecoaesthetics is taking ecosystem not environment as a new aesthetic paradigm .


This paper explores the appropriate system of civil liability for mandatory securities disclosure violations by established, publicly traded issuers. The U.S. system's design has become outmoded as the underlying mandatory disclosure regime that has moved from an emphasis on disclosure at the time that an issuer makes a public offering, to an emphasis on the issuer's ongoing periodic disclosures. An efficiency analysis shows that, unlike U.S. law today, the relevant actors should have equally great civil liability incentives to comply with the disclosure rules whether or not the issuer is offering securities at the time. An issuer not making a public offering of securities should have no liability because the compensatory justification is weak. Deterrence will be achieved instead by imposing liability on other actors. An issuer's annual filings should be signed by an external certifier - an investment bank or other well capitalized entity with financial expertise. If the filing contains a material misstatement and the certifier fails to do due diligence, the certifier would face measured liability. Officers and directors would be subject to similar liability. Damages would be payable to the issuer. When an issuer is making a public offering, it would be liable to investors for its disclosure violations as an antidote to what otherwise would be an extra incentive not to comply. This design would address two major complaints concerning the existing U.S. civil liability system: underwriter Section 11 liability for a lack of due diligence concerning disclosures that in modern offerings underwriters have no realistic ability to police, and litigation-expensive issuer class action fraud-on-market liability. The system suggested here would eliminate both sorts of liability. But unlike elimination reforms proposed by underwriters and issuers, it would retain deterrence by substituting in place of these liabilities more effective and efficient civil liability incentives for disclosure compliance.


When two heavy ions near the Fermi energy collide, a warm and low-density region can form in which fragments appear. This region is mainly dominated by proton $(p)$ and alpha $(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ particles. In such an environment, the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles interact with each other and, especially through strong resonances, form complex systems such as $^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ and $^{12}\mathrm{C}$. Our experiments show that $^{70(64)}\mathrm{Zn}(^{64}\mathrm{Ni})+^{70(64)}\mathrm{Zn}(^{64}\mathrm{Ni})$ reactions at $E/A=35$ MeV/nucleon levels of $^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ appear around relative energies ${E}_{ij}=0.092$ MeV, 3.03 MeV as well as above 10 and 100 MeV. We propose a different method to derive the correlation function based on the relative transverse energy distribution to minimize the experimental uncertainties. For the $3\ensuremath{\alpha}$ systems, multiresonance processes give rise to excited levels of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$. In particular, the Hoyle state at 7.654 MeV excitation energy shows a decay component through the ground state of $^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ and also components where two different $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ couples are at relative energies consistent with the ground state of $^{8}\mathrm{Be}$ at the same time.


Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for determining the concentration of glibenclamide in placental perfusion medium.Methods The liquid chromatography column was Symmetry Shield RP C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) at 40℃.The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of NaH2PO4 (25 mmol/L,pH 5.2)-acetonitrile(1︰1,V/V).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.UV detection wavelength was set at 228 nm.A liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment method was used to detect the concentration of glibenclamide placental perfusion medium.Results A linearity was obtained from 2.0 to 25.0 μg/mL for glibenclamide.The calibration equation of glibenclamide was y=0.226x+0.002,r=0.999 9(n=6).The relative standard deviations within day and between days were less than 3.1% and less than 9.5% for glibenclamide.The mean recoveries of glibenclamide were 95.32% to 103.35%.Conclusion This method can be used for determining glibenclamide concentration in placental perfusion medium.


Abstract The ability to track time varying frequency and damping parameters using on-line versions of seven time domain system identification algorithms; Least Squares, Double Least Squares, Correlation Fit, Instrumental Variables, Instrumental Matrix with Delayed Observations, Extended Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood, is examined. Comparisons are made on results obtained from data generated from various simulated time varying systems, corrupted with both input and measurement noise, as a preliminary step before advancing onto real data. Only the Maximum Likelihood and Double Least Squares methods gave acceptable results on the most difficult data sets that were considered. The choice of an exponential weighting factor is crucial to the performance of the on-line methods when applied to data from time varying systems. The effect of assigning various values of the weighting factor is demonstrated. Further work is required to determine the optimum schemes for defining this parameter.


The current study aims at investigating the impact of using role -play on improving students' speaking ability for the primary school. The study is restricted to sixth grade female pupils in the primary schools in Babylon City during the second term of the academic year 2011– 2012.The population consists of (160) Iraqi EFL students distributed over two sections A and B. Sixty students are chosen randomly to represent the main study sample and other twenty students represent the pilot administration. To achieve the aim of the study, two tests are constructed. The total number of items of the first test which represents written test is (10). While, the second test represents oral test. From the analysis of the data, it is found that the mean of postscores of the experimental group is (57.7333), which is higher than the mean scores of the control group that is found to be (48.1000). This indicates that students' achievement in the experimental group is better than that of the control group, which shows that role –play technique is more useful for them in teaching speaking skill than the lecture method teaching. 1.1The Problems of the Study As the ability to speak English is a very complex task considering the nature of what is involved in speaking and not all of the students in an EFL speaking class have the courage to speak. Therefore, many of the students feel anxious in a speaking class (Padmadewi, 1998: 3), and some are likely to keep silent (Tutyandari, 2005:65). Thus, Scott et al (1990:33) state that what is important with students is finding the balance between providing language through controlled and guided activities and at the same time letting them enjoy natural talk. Most of students have little opportunity to practice speaking English outside the classroom and so need lots of practice when they are in class. Padmadewi (1998:12) found out that students attending a speaking class often felt anxious due to pressure from the speaking tasks, which require them to present individually and spontaneously within limited time. Accordingly, Tutyandari (2005:65) states that the role-play would seem to be the ideal activity in which students could use their English creatively and it aims at stimulating a conversational situation in which students might find themselves and give them an opportunity to practice and develop their communication skill. For these reasons, the researcher is interested in analyzing the use of role-play in teaching speaking for the students of Iraqi primary school. He also wants to know the advantages and the problems encountered by learners and teachers in using it. 1.2 Aims This study aims at: 1Finding out the effectiveness of using role-play technique on improving female students' speaking ability for the primary school. 1.3 Hypothesis of the Study It is hypothesized that there is no statistical significant difference between the mean achievements scores of the students who are taught dialogue by the "Lecture Method", which is the traditional method, and those who are taught dialogue by the "role –play Technique", according to their pre and post -tests results 1.4 Limits The study is limited to: 1. The use of Role –play technique in teaching dialogue of the experimental group and the use of the traditional waylecturingto teach the student of the control group. /ددعلا 51 ةلجم ةيبرتلا ةيلك ةيساسلأا / لباب ةعماج راذآ / 0254 م 517 2. Sixth grade female pupils in the primary schools in Babylon City during the second term of the academic year 2011–2012. 1.5 Definitions of Basic Terms 1.5.1 Role-Play Harmer (1998: 92), offers this definition, "Role-play activities are those where students are asked to imagine that they are in different situations and act accordingly. Role play as a vehicle by which students can more easily learn the fundamentals of English conversation in a specific situation, requiring the use of key words which act as signifiers for that particular situation(Stocker ,2006:1). 1.5.2 Speaking In Oxford Advanced Dictionary (1987: 827) the definition of speaking is "to express or communicate opinions, feelings, and ideas etc. Speaking as talking involves the activities in the part of the speaker as psychological (articulator) and Physical (acoustic) stages." 1.6 The Understanding of Speaking Speaking is significant to an individual's living processes and experiences as are the ability of seeing and walking. Speaking is also the most natural way to communicate. Without speaking, people must remain in almost total isolation from any kind of society. For most people, the ability to speak a language is the same with knowing a language since the speech is the most basic means of human communication. When we speak, a great deal more than just mouth is involved such as nose, pharynx, epiglottis, trachea, lungs and more. However, speaking is not just making sound. Birds, animals, babies make sound and though it may be communication of sorts, is not speaking. According to Webster (1980: 1), speaking has a variety of meanings: a. to tell, to say, to make known or as by speaking, to declare; to announce. b. To proclaim, to celebrate. C. To use or be able to use (a given language) in speaking. Meanwhile, Trigon, etal (1998:7) define that speaking is a skill of conveying words or sounds of articulation to express or to deliver ideas, opinions, or feelings. Similarly, Byrne (1986:54) states that, "oral communication (or speaking) is a two way process between speaker and listener and involves the productive skill of speaking and the receptive skill of understanding". Based on the previous four definitions, it can be synthesized that speaking is the process of sharing with another person, or with other persons, one's knowledge, interests, attitudes, opinions or ideas. Delivery of ideas, opinions, or feelings is some important aspects of the process of speaking which a speaker's idea become real to him and his listeners. 1.7 The Functions of Speaking Several language experts have attempted to categorize the functions of speaking in human interaction. According to Richard, (2007: 1) "The functions of speaking are classified into three types; they are talk as interaction, talk as transaction and talk as performance. Each of these speech activities is quite distinct in term of form and function and requires different teaching approaches"(Trigon, etal,1998:8). Below are the explanations of the functions of speaking a. As Interaction Being able to interact in a language is essential. In fact, much of our daily communication remains interactional. This refers to what we normally mean by "conversation". The primary intention in talk as interaction is to maintain social relationship. Meanwhile, talk as interaction has several main features as follows: 1. Has a primarily social function. 2. Reflects role relationships. 3. Reflects speaker's identity. 4. May be formal or casual. /ددعلا 51 ةلجم ةيبرتلا ةيلك ةيساسلأا / لباب ةعماج راذآ / 0254 م 518 5. Uses conversational conventions. 6. Reflects degrees of politeness. 7. Employs many generic words. 8. Uses conversational register. Some of the skills (involved in using talk as interaction) are: a. Opening and closing conversation. b. Choosing topics. c. Making small talk. d. Recounting personal incidents and experiences. e. Turn-taking. f. Using adjacency pairs. j. Interrupting. h. Reacting to others. Mastering the art of talk as interaction is difficult and may not be a priority for all learners. In talk as interaction, the ability to speak in natural way is required in order to create a good communication. That is why some students sometimes avoid this kind of situation because they often loss for words and feel difficulty in presenting a good image of themselves. This can be a disadvantage for some learners (Richards,1986;2). b. Talk as Transaction This type of talk or speaking refers to situations where the focus is on what is said or done. The message is the central focus here and making oneself understood clearly and accurately, rather than the participants and how they interact socially with each other (Ibid;3). In transaction, talk is associated with other activities. For example, student may be engaged in hand-on activities (e.g. in language lesson) to explore concept associated with tenses and derivations. Burns (1999:52) distinguishes talk as transaction into two different types. One is a situation where the focus is on giving and receiving information and where the participants focus primarily on what is said or achieved. Accuracy may not be a priority as long as information is successfully communicated or understood. The second type is transactions, which focus on obtaining goods or services, such as checking into a hotel. In this type of spoken language, students and teachers usually focus on meaning or on talking their way to understanding. Meanwhile, talk as transaction has several main features as follows: 1. It has a primarily information focus. 2. The main focus is the message and not the participants. 3. Participants employ communication strategies to make themselves understood. 4. There may be frequent questions, repetitions, and comprehension checks. 5. There may be negotiation and digression. 6. Linguistic accuracy is not always important some of the skills involved in using talk for transactions are: 7. Explaining a need or intention 8. Describing something 9. Asking questioning 10. Confirming information 11. Justifying an opinion 12. Making suggestions 13. Clarifying understanding 14. Making comparisons Compared with talk as interaction, talk as transaction is easier for some students because it only focuses on messages delivered to the others. Also, talk as interaction is more easily planned since current communicative materials are a rich resource of group activities, information-gap activities and role plays (Richards, 1986:3) . /ددعلا 51 ةلجم ةيبرتلا ةيلك ةيساسلأا / لباب ةعماج راذآ / 0254 م 519 Talk as transaction can provide a


Chemical educator and Compound Interest blogger Andy Brunning reveals how sunscreens damage coral reefs To download a pdf of this article, visit http://cenm.ag/coralreefs References used to create this graphic: Impacts of sunscreens on coral reefs Review of environmental effects of oxybenzone and other sunscreen active ingredientsSunscreen bans – coral reefs and skin cancer A collaboration between C&EN and Andy Brunning, author of the popular graphics blog Compound Interest To see more of Brunning's work, go to compoundchem.com. To see all of C&EN's Periodic Graphics, visit http://cenm.ag/periodicgraphics.


This study aimed to describe ground reaction forces' profiles during toddler's gait at the first months of the acquisition phase of independent walking, in order to identify whether there are changes in the ability to propel and balance the body in this dynamic condition. Ten thirteen-month old toddlers volunteered to the study and were evaluated three times in a three-month interval. The toddlers walked over a 5 m long walkway with two force plates fixed at ground level. Vertical and horizontal peak reaction forces and variability coefficients were selected for analysis. To compare the results of the three evaluations ANOVA Friedman's tests were used at 5% level of significance. The walking experience achieved by the toddlers month after month was not sufficient to significantly change the biomechanical selected variables and statistically significant differences were not found for the selected variables along three months. However, a reduction in the variability coefficient for the vertical reaction forces suggests development towards an increasingly mature gait pattern.


In this paper, following hep-th/0501028, we present a detailed derivation and discussion of the exact gravitational field solutions for a relativistic particle localized on a tensional brane in brane-induced gravity. Our derivation yields the metrics for both the normal branch and the self-inflating branch Dvali, Gabadadze, and Porrati (DGP) braneworlds. They generalize the 4D gravitational shock waves in de Sitter space, and so we compare them to the corresponding 4D general relativity solution and to the case when gravity resides only in the 5D bulk, and there are no brane-localized graviton kinetic terms. We write down the solutions in terms of two-variable hypergeometric functions and find that at short distances the shock wave profiles look exactly the same as in 4D Minkowski space, thus recovering the limit one expects if gravity is to be mediated by a metastable, but long-lived, bulk resonance. The corrections far from the source differ from the long distance corrections in 4D de Sitter space, coming in with odd powers of the distance. We discuss in detail the limiting case on the normal branch when gravity is modified exactly at de Sitter radius, and energy can be lost into the bulk by resonancelike processes. Finally, wemore » consider Planckian scattering on the brane, and find that for a sufficiently small impact parameter it is approximated very closely by the usual 4D description.« less


The rampant spread of globalisation has had an enormous impact on the employment structure in South Asia, which is increasingly shifting towards labour flexibility. The majority of the working population in South Asia, accounting for the range of 66.3 to 93.4 per cent of the work force, are in the informal economy with negligent security and protection. The contribution of the informal economy to the GDP and employment has been tremendous, but the economic returns to the large number of workers in the informal economy have been marginal, pushing them into being the working poor, with little or no chance of improving their working and living conditions. Trade union organisations, as social institutions for change and as development partners, have to, therefore, act not only as a warehouse to protect the deprived and marginalised, to provide education and training and to network unionists, but also as an alliance to mobilize solidarity, to facilitate collective actions and to increase the voice and representation of the unorganised and informal workers (Ahn, 2004; et al, 2007). The primary goal of the ILO is to promote 'opportunities for all working men and women, to obtain decent and productive work in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity (ILO, 2008a)'. 'Decent work' is meant to fulfil the four strategic objectives of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), related to rights at work, employment opportunities and generation, adequate social security for all and social dialogue. 1 Reaching out to informal workers will be the prime focus of 'decent work'. Therefore, 'organising' could be a common task of the ILO and trade unions, working together towards providing 'decent work' to all workers as well as ensuring their fundamental principles and rights at work.


Orange, D. M. (1992). Perspectival Realism and Social Constructivism: Commentary on Irwin Hoffman's "Discussion: Toward a social-constructivist view of the psychoanalytic situation". Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 2, 561–565. doi:10.1080/10481889209538952 Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. New York: Norton. Tarnas, R. (1991). Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the ideas that have shaped our world views. New York: Harmony. Tennes, M. (2007). Beyond Intersubjectivity: The transpersonal dimension of the psychoanalytic encounter. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 43, 505–525. doi:10.1080/00107530.2007.10745929


If for one moving direction of one movable body is more than one moving means is disposed to provide an interference checking apparatus for interference check of the movable body can be easily performed. The present invention includes a movable body movable in a predetermined direction, provided with a moving means for moving the movable body, provided with moving means for moving one of the movable body in the same direction in a plurality with devices, the mobile in the interference check device which performs an interference check when the body moves, by synthesizing the movement amount in the same direction of the moving body by the plurality of moving means, and the absolute movement amount calculating section for obtaining the absolute amount of movement of the direction, the absolute movement amount calculating section and arranged in conjunction, and configured to have an interference check section that performs the interference check by the absolute movement amount.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
To determine if obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) predisposes patients to glaucoma and macular disease due to vascular compromise by evaluating retinal and optic nerve vasculature and function using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and Humphrey visual field testing, respectively.

METHODS
In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study forty-five patients undergoing polysomnography ordered per standard of care were selected and stratified based on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Medical history, visual acuity testing, 24-2 Humphrey visual field (HVF), intra-ocular pressure measurement, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) studies of the macular and peripapillary retina were obtained. Correlations between polysomnography parameters and imaging data were analyzed.

RESULTS
The radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vascular density (VD) demonstrated no relationship to AHI (95% CI (-0.026,0.038)) or severity of OSAS (95% CI: (-0.772, 3.648) for moderate OSAS compared to mild/normal and (-1.295, 3.1421) for severe comparing to mild/normal. OCT-A superficial parafoveal VD (95% CI: (-0.068,0.011), deep parafoveal VD (95% CI: (-0.080,0.009)), and FAZ (95% CI: (-0.001, 0.001)) showed no statistically significant relationship to AHI or OSAS severity after controlling for confounders. OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness increased with AHI (p=0.014), but there was no statistically significant correlation with OSAS severity with RNFL thickness (95% CI: (-12.543, 6.792) for moderate comparing to normal and (-2.883, 16.551) for severe comparing to normal). Visual field parameters were unaffected by OSAS (95% CI: Mean deviation (-0.21,0.29), Pattern standard deviation: (-0.351,0.121), Visual field index: (-0.166, 0.329)). OCT choroidal thickness showed a statistically significant decrease when OSAS was grouped by severity (p=0.0092), but did not correlate with AHI (p=0.129, 95% CI: (-1.210, 0.095)).

CONCLUSIONS
The severity of OSAS did not show a statistically significant effect on parameters associated with glaucoma or macular vascular disease. Larger cohorts may be required to determine the physiologic consequences of OSAS on the macular and optic nerve vasculature, structure, and function.


The Rapid Prototyping Facility (RPF) was developed to meet a need for a facility which allows flight systems concepts to be prototyped in a manner which allows for real-time flight test experience with a prototype system. This need was focused during the development and demonstration of the expert system flight status monitor (ESFSM). The ESFSM was a prototype system developed on a LISP machine, but lack of a method for progressive testing and problem identification led to an impractical system. The RPF concept was developed, and the ATMS designed to exercise its capabilities. The ATMS Phase 1 demonstration provided a practical vehicle for testing the RPF, as well as a useful tool. ATMS Phase 2 development continues. A dedicated F-18 is expected to be assigned for facility use in late 1988, with RAV modifications. A knowledge-based autopilot is being developed using the RPF. This is a system which provides elementary autopilot functions and is intended as a vehicle for testing expert system verification and validation methods. An expert system propulsion monitor is being prototyped. This system provides real-time assistance to an engineer monitoring a propulsion system during a flight.


The single-degenerate (SD) model is one of the leading models for the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Recently, a new version of the SD model, the common-envelope wind (CEW) model, has been proposed, which, in principle, has the potential to resolve most of the difficulties encountered by previous SD models. This model is still being developed and a number of open issues remain, such as the details of the mass-loss mechanism from the surface of the common envelope (CE), the main observational properties, and the spiral-in timescale of the binary inside the envelope. In this article, we aim to address these issues by considering hydrodynamical effects on the CE. Using the stellar evolution code MESA, we carried out a series of 1D hydrodynamical simulations of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star undergoing a common-envelope phase with different envelope masses (0.0007-0.06 solar mass). We found that the envelopes are always dynamically unstable, leading to regular mass ejection events if the envelope is more massive than the critical value of ~ 0.003 solar mass. The kappa mechanism can naturally explain this phenomenon. We also found that, due to the low mass of the CE, the estimated frictional luminosity caused by the spiral-in of the immersed binary is much less than the nuclear luminosity, and therefore will not affect the structure of the CE significantly. Our results imply that the CE in the CEW model cannot be very massive. We also present a rough estimate for the spiral-in timescale based on a simplified model. We found that, for reasonable assumptions, the timescale may be longer than a few 100,000 yr; therefore, the white dwarf may have enough time to increase its mass toward the Chandrasekhar mass, avoiding a merger with the companion.


This study presents preliminary data from an integrative review of how the Theory of Change is constructed and used. The objective is to list best practices in educational and intersectoral evaluations, especially those of intersection between education and health. To this end, data were collected in databases that integrate works from these two areas. The results show that the health area, as well as those conducted in Europe, has more published works using the Theory of Change than the education area and those conducted in North and South America. As a relevant and important tool for evaluation processes of interventions, the results indicate the need to propagate recommendations for its use in the area of education and in the American continent.


A new species of nurse frog is described from the Serrania de Perija, Colombia. The new species is the fourth trans- Andean species in the genus Allobates. The new species is very similar to Allobates wayuu and also resembles A. melanolaemus, A. mcdiarmidi, A. niputidea, A. spumaponens and A. trilineatus, but differs in the type of posterior joiningof the dorsolateral stripe, pattern of coloration on the gular-chest region in males, ventral coloration in females, and by thepattern of the oblique lateral stripe; moreover, their similar are geographically isolate. Although Allobates is the secondlargest genus of dendrobatids (45 species), in Colombia, it has a diversity of thirteen species (including the new one described herein), nine cis-Andean and four trans-Andean. It is probable that the diversity in Colombia is underestimated.


Family–professional partnerships are vital to the provision of appropriate and effective special education services for young children. Despite the recognized need, teacher educators in early childhood and early childhood special education have faced challenges in preparing their students to partner with families from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In this article, we assert that for pre-service early childhood/early childhood special education teachers to prepare for cross-cultural family–professional partnerships, teacher educators can take a democratic, inclusive perspective and address conceptualizations of culture and language. To this end, we first explain meanings of inclusive education and democratic partnerships. We then focus on conceptualizations of culture and language in developing cross-cultural partnerships. Finally, we provide recommendations to prepare pre-service teachers to form more democratic and inclusive cross-cultural partnerships with families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.


Any behavior or actions always implies. Likewise, the actions of the younger generation of environmentalists who are studying in senior high school in the area "Mataraman" East Java Province, The Republic of Indonesia. This study aims to explain the meaning of the actions of youth who care about the environment, where they are learning in high school. This study used qualitative methods with a knife constructionism analysis. Location of the study at senior high school gift recipient "Adiwiyata School" in Madiun and Blitar.Boonof "Adiwiyata" is an award given to schools that care about the improvement and preservation of the environment. The subjects were young men who were studying in high school. The data collection was done by snowball technique. How to obtain data using in-depth interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed using an interactive model. The results showed that young people act perform environmental conservation caused by the will personally, the existence of family, close friends, and feeling "happy" to environmental conservation. Furthermore, it can be cited as an influence internal factors. However, the like of environmental conservation by youths are also caused by them often follow the activities of environmental conservation, environmental preservation their events, and the subject matter of environmental education in schools (external factors). Motives ofdesire youths environmental preservation, that they want to create a clean environment, comfortable, sustainable, fun, awarded, and gain experience and new ideas.


On February 5, 2020, the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ") announced the indictment of a Missouri man – the third individual to be charged – for participation in a…


Based on the logical framework of collaborative rural credit governance, this paper uses evolutionary game analysis to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of collaborative governance in which grassroots government organizations lead, financial institutions collaborate, and farmers participate, analyzes the strategy choices of the three subjects in rural credit governance, and analyzes and studies the influencing factors of each subject's strategy choices.


In this paper it will be shown that the standard model in $3+1$ dimensions is a gauge fixed version of a 2T physics field theory in $4+2$ dimensions, thus establishing that 2T physics provides a correct description of nature from the point of view of $4+2$ dimensions. The 2T formulation leads to phenomenological consequences of considerable significance. In particular, the higher structure in $4+2$ dimensions prevents the problematic $F*F$ term in QCD. This resolves the strong $CP$ problem without a need for the Peccei-Quinn symmetry or the corresponding elusive axion. Mass generation with the Higgs mechanism is less straightforward in the new formulation of the standard model, but its resolution leads to an appealing deeper physical basis for mass, coupled with phenomena that could be measurable. In addition, there are some brand new mechanisms of mass generation related to the higher dimensions that deserve further study. The technical progress is based on the construction of a new field theoretic version of 2T physics including interactions in an action formalism in $d+2$ dimensions. The action is invariant under a new type of gauge symmetry which we call 2T-gauge symmetry in field theory. This opens the way for investigations of the standard model directly in $4+2$ dimensions, or from the point of view of various embeddings of $3+1$ dimensions, by using the duality, holography, symmetry, and unifying features of 2T physics.