This paper describes a theoretical model of the process of coagulation of dispersed particles in a thin resonant gap formed by coaxially arranged a flat radiator of ultrasonic oscillations and a reflector. It is shown that the presence of bending oscillations of an ultrasonic radiator and gradient of sound pressure leads to the appearance of acoustic vortex flows in a resonant gap with a characteristic size equal to half the wavelength of acoustic oscillations. It has been established that the formation of acoustic vortices provides an increase in the concentration (more than 4 times) of dispersed particles in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the reflector, which contributes to an increase in the probability of their collision. It is established that for a gap of 20 mm in 6 seconds, the total mass of aerosol particles decreases by more than 3 times.


In small cavities, acoustic losses cannot be predicted by the Helmholtz equation. The thermal loss can be taken into account by using complex impedance as it depends on the normal component of the pressure gradient, but the shear resistance depends on the tangential pressure gradient on the boundary. At first order, the shear loss is proportional to the integral of the square of the tangential velocity distribution over the surface. Using the solution of Helmholtz equation obtained from BEM simulations, we calculate the expected shear loss in cavities. We apply the procedure to estimate frequency dependent lumped resistance of cavities.


To get married and raise children are legal for the students who have reached lawful age.They are allowed to do so according to the "New regulations for College Students" issued recently by the Education Ministry.However,it is not practical for college students to get married and have children,which will bring about a series of problems.Therefore,the author suggests in this paper that students be guided and educated in order to reduce the side effect.


The South China Sea has long been regarded as abundant in the resource of gas hydrate. Having integrated the data of the depth of the overall South China Sea, and that of geological conditions such as geothermal gradient and bottom water temperature, a Visual Basic .Net program is proposed to compute the thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone and potential volume of gas hydrate in the region. We find that in area 1 gas hydrate may exist, and the maximum thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone is about 400m when geothermal gradient is 0.06℃/m. The distribution of gas hydrate is very equal, the trend is being thicker from outside to inner. But in area 2 there is a lack of gas hydrate because of the depth, geothermal gradient and other factors, and the potential volume of gas hydrate is about 0.55×104km3. When the geothermal gradient is random, the potential volume of gas hydrate is about 0.57×104km3. Through getting the different geothermal gradients, we can calculate that the potential volume of gas hydrate in the South China Sea is about 0. 6×104km3.


Synopsis : High undercooling up to 98 K has been obtained by a cycle of melting and freezing. A specimen of 0.23 wt% carbon steel weighing 1.5 kg was melted in a fused alumina crucible set in a tammann furnace and it was kept at 1 893 K. Then, the granular mish metal (REM) of 18 g, which corresponds to the quantity of 1.2 wt% to the weight of the melt, was intermittently injected into the melt with Ar gas through a mulite tube which had been immersed into the melt, followed by cooling to 1 853 K. In order to promote the reaction among molten metal, mulite tube and REM, the molten metal was intermittently stirred while being kept at that temperature and then cooled in the furnace.


CO2 emissions could be reduced with capture and storage (CCS) methods. CCS causes costs for the industry, creating an extra barrier for implementation of these techniques. A recently developed mineral carbonation process producing a valuable product covering process implementation costs is advanced towards commercial scale. In this two-step process, calcium-rich steel converter slag is treated with an aqueous ammonium salt solution to selectively extract the calcium. Then the dissolved calcium is removed from the process liquid as pure precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) by introducing gaseous CO2 to the system. This concept would utilise waste material from steel industry, and spare the natural resources used for conventional PCC production. Experimental results have shown that papermaking grade PCC can be produced with ammonium nitrate, chloride or acetate solvents. The used solvent has also been regenerated and recycled between the process stages, which reduces the need for fresh solvent and lowers the process costs. To maximise the PCC production in a continuous process, a thermodynamic process model in Aspen Plus is now constructed. The modelling results are validated with a series of semi-continuous experiments. It is found that by using staged carbonate precipitation the yield of pure product is increased. Ammonium nitrate is observed to enable the highest conversion of calcium from steel slag to calcium carbonate also in continuous operation. At ambient conditions the process steps generate heat but this low temperature heat cannot be utilised. The mixing and pumping energies for process operation are small in comparison to the heat duties in chemical reactors. Preliminary results on solid-liquid separation studies, on washing of the solid outlet streams, as well as on recovery and make-up needs of process chemicals are discussed. The work is a continuation of work presented by Said et al. at 22 ECOS in Brazil 2009.


We used Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) as a non-invasive optoelectronic tool of in-situ monitoring of plasma discharge. The low-temperature plasma, based on mixture of CH 4 and H 2 , was produced during Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (μPA CVD) synthesis process of thin diamond/DLC films. Molecular modelling showed that quality of the synthesized films is determined by total amount as well composition ratio of ions H + and CH + 3 , produced in an area of Electron Cyclotrone Resonance (ECR). Therefore, dissociation of H 2 molecules as well as excitation and ionization of hydrogen atoms were a subject of the presented OES studies. Developed monitoring systems uses spectrometers coupled with the reaction chamber by a dedicated optical probe and a fibre bundle. Intensity of Balmer and Paschen series were measured as a function of main CVD process parameters.


In electronics, solids are classified into three main groups: conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. This is based on their ability to move or 'conduct' electrons. Conductors have outer electrons of their atoms loosely bound and are free to move through the material under the influence of an electrical potential, that is, they can conduct electricity. Most conductors are metallic, but certain non-metals like carbon are also good conductors. Solutions containing ions, such as saline, can also conduct electricity. Insulators have outer electrons which are firmly bound, and application of an electrical potential has no effect on them. Rubber, mica, and glass are examples of insulators. Semiconductors are a group of materials that normally behave as non-conductors, but in certain circumstances (like with change in temperature), they can be transformed so that they behave like conductors. Thermistors, transistors, and diodes are all examples of semiconductors. Silicon, germanium, lead sulphide, selenium, and gallium arsenide are semiconductor materials.


This paper, based upon 17 semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in video activism, examines the growing importance of visually documenting protest events for both activists and police organizations. It is argued that while visual recordings of protest events by activists may be useful in terms of securing safety, dissuading instances of police violence and in providing evidence against police misconduct, there are also unintended negative consequences of video-activism. These negative consequences include selfincrimination, the promotion of spirals of surveillance whereby the police video protestors, and the removal (at times with disproportionate force) of activists with recording devices from protest events to prevent visual documentation of police activities. Thus the practice of video activism at protest events is one with the potential for both negative and positive outcomes in terms of activist aims.


Stability analysis is needed to maximize milling performance while avoiding chatter. However, such an analysis is time-consuming, requiring the use of sophisticated instrumentation, and has significant level of uncertainty, which impedes the widespread use by industry. A main source of uncertainty is believed to be the changes in dynamics of the tool-holder-spindle system during the milling operation. This study investigates the variation in the tool point dynamics reflecting the dynamics of the tool-holder-spindle system and associated machining stability. The investigation focuses on the effects of the conditions generated by typical milling operations, such as tool changes and spindle warm up. The results of analyses demonstrate the necessity of continuous updates of the tool point dynamics during milling process by in-situ measurements to minimize uncertainty in evaluation of machining stability.© 2007 ASME


In the present work two new aroylhydrazones bearing furan ring 4-N � -( (Z)-furan-2-ylmethylidene)-4-hydroxy- benzohydrazide (HL 1 ) and hydroxymethyl (4-{((2Z)-2- (furan-2-ylmethylidene)hydrazinyl)carbonyl}phenoxy)acetate (HL 2 ) and their Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. DNA binding and DNA cleavage activities of both aroylhydrazone ligands and their transition metal complexes were examined by using UV-vis titration and agarose gel electrophoresis in the presence of H2O2. The results indicate that all the copper complexes bind slightly to calf thymus DNA and effectively cleave pBR322 DNA whereas the nickel and zinc complexes have only slight interactions with DNA.


Abstract In this paper, the facile synthesis of graphene oxide and MOF based composite material for the demanded adsorption of leading antibiotic is reported. The adsorbent showed good results for removal of norfloxacin with high adsorption capacity (1114.82 mg/g) and removal efficiency (93.61 %). In addition, Langmuir model proved most suitable with highest value of R2 = 0.99929 among three applied isothermal models. The thermodynamic study showed spontaneous and exothermic (ΔH = −1.1×10−5 Kj/ mol, ΔG = −13324.33 Kj/ mol) nature of adsorption process with reusability of 88.4 % after several cycles. Moreover, statistical analysis and mechanistic study were also performed. HIGHLIGHTS Synthesis of graphene oxide and MOF based composite material High surface area, void spaces, open metal sites, and tunable morphology. Adsorption of leading antibiotic (norfloxacin). MOF/GO composite with high water stability and reuseability. Isothermal, kinetic, statistical and mechanistic study.


With the broadly spreading of quality-oriented education in China and the widely application of multi-media teaching equipment and internet to English language teaching,as a traditional language learning method,the role of recitation are in doubt.Through the analysis of the theoretical basis and research reports on recitation,this paper puts forward that if ingeniously designed,truism as it is,recitation will not disappear because of the development of modern education technology and principles.On the contrary,its function exists all the way,just likes an old wine,the longer it is stored up,the better it smells.


Chinese government has long been striving to promote the development of e-government in near several years through utilized lots of information communication technologies (ICT) in public sectors for accelerating administrative transformation. The e-government projects from different sectors of Chinese government, however, often start from multi-objectives and perform in thousands different ways. For describing the general characteristics of e-government in China, this paper investigates the key issues of the e-government application and management in China. Based on data collected from Chinese governmental employees, the paper orders the e-government key issues and discusses the implications of the findings based on the orientation-maturity framework, a specific analytical framework developed in the paper. The findings may provide helpful reference for both practitioners and scholars to better understand the current situation of e-government in China and response the forthcoming challenge of administrative transformation due to ICT diffusion and utilization.


Leprosy, caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobucterium leprue, provides an extraordinary window on immune regulation in infection. Leprosy is an ideal model because it presents as a spectrum of clinical manifestations that correlate with immune responses to the pathogen': At one end of the spectrum, patients with tuberculoid leprosy typify the resistant response that restricts the growth of the pathogen. The number of lesions is few, but tissue and nerve damage is frequent. At the opposite end of this spectrum, patients with lepromatous leprosy represent extreme susceptibility to M. leprue infection. In lepromatous leprosy, the skin lesions are numerous and growth of the pathogen is unabated, resulting in many viable M. leprue throughout the skin lesions. These clinical presentations correlate with the level of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against M. leprue. The standard measure of CMI to the pathogen is the Mitsuda reaction. Patients are challenged by intradermal injection of M. leprue, and induration is measured 3 weeks later. The test is positive in tuberculoid patients and negative in lepromatous patients. Although the majority of immunologic studies in leprosy have been performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes, the focal point of the immune response to M. leprae is the tissue granuloma, a collection of lymphocytes and macrophages. To address questions concerning the immune mechanisms central to the pathogenesis of leprosy, we have used cellular and molecular approaches to define mechanisms of immunity and immunosuppression to the pathogen.


Related Controls: (1) See also 8A992 and for underwater communications systems, see Category 5, Part I—Telecommunications. (2) See also 8A992 for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus that is not controlled by 8A002 or released for control by the 8A002.q Note. (3) For electronic imaging systems ''specially designed'' or modified for underwater use incorporating image intensifier tubes specified by 6A002.a.2.a or 6A002.a.2.b, see 6A003.b.3. (4) For electronic imaging systems ''specially designed'' or modified for underwater use incorporating ''focal plane arrays'' specified by 6A002.a.3.g, see 6A003.b.4.c. (5) Section 744.9 imposes a license requirement on commodities described in 8A002.d.1.c or .d.2 if being exported, reexported, or transferred (in-country) for use by a military end-user or for incorporation into an item controlled by ECCN 0A919. Department of State proposes to amend the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to revise Category XII (fire control, range finder, optical and guidance and control equipment) of the U.S. Munitions List (USML) to describe more precisely the articles warranting control on the USML. DATES: The Department of State will accept comments on this proposed rule until July 6, 2015. ADDRESSES: Interested parties may submit comments within 60 days of the date of publication by one of the following methods: • Email: DDTCPublicComments@ state.gov with the subject line, ''ITAR Amendment—Category XII.'' • Internet: At www.regulations.gov, search for this notice by using this rule's RIN (1400–AD32). Comments received after that date will be considered if feasible, but consideration cannot be assured. Those submitting comments should not include any personally identifying information they do not desire to be made public or any information for which a claim of confidentiality is asserted. All comments and transmittal emails will be made available for public inspection and copying after the close of the comment period via the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls Web site at www.pmddtc.state.gov. Parties who wish to comment anonymously may do so by submitting their comments via www.regulations.gov, leaving the fields that would identify the commenter blank and including no identifying information in the comment itself. Comments submitted via www.regulations.gov are immediately available for public inspection. With few exceptions, items not subject to the export control jurisdiction of the ITAR are subject to the jurisdiction of the Export Administration Regulations (''EAR,'' 15 CFR parts 730–774, which includes the Commerce Control List (CCL) in Supplement No. 1 to Part 774), administered by the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), U.S. Department of Commerce. …


In order to achieve the Han-Kobayashi rate region for the two-user interference channel each transmitter splits its message into two sub-messages, each drawn from an independent codebook. Generalizing this idea to the K-user interference channel implies that 2K−1 codebooks should be allocated to each transmitter, where each of them carries the message that is public to one of the subsets of the K−1 non-designated receivers. While such a rate-splitting scheme yields the best known achievable rate region (with random coding), optimizing a rate-related utility function over this region presents certain challenges stemming from the computational complexities and the distributed nature of interference channels. This paper introduces the notion of partial group decoding which offers a practical rate optimization strategy over this achievable rate region and mitigates these challenges. The merits of partial group decoders are demonstrated through treating the problem of optimal rate allocation with fairness constraints.


In this work, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using chitosan derived from shrimp shells through a simple and eco-friendly method called the green synthesis. The chitosan not only acted as the reducing agent for Ag+, but also stabilized the AgNPs to protect nanoparticles from aggregation. The as-synthesized colloidal chitosan-AgNPs was yellowish-brown color with a maximum absorption wavelength at approximately 434 nm. The size and shape, and crystal structure of AgNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrometry, respectively. The results indicated that the AgNPs was spherical particles with a diameter of 23.5 ± 0.6 nm. The XRD pattern peaked at different diffraction angles corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes indicated that AgNPs had face-centered cubic (fcc) structure.


the Blackfoot people and other northern Plains tribes developed a culture based exquisitely on movement. Traveling much of the year, following bison and other game, they kept only what they could carry. Their clothing and headwear, festooned with beads and feathers, were also lightweight and sturdy. Like the Indians of spaghetti westerns, they lived in tepees, but they had no horses, only dogs. At the height of their civilization, they numbered almost two hundred thousand. So what? you may be thinking. Perhaps you're not in the mood for an anthropology lesson. But here's something new: On the far side of the globe, in the Samara region of Russia, other tribes were living parallel lives. There are differences between the Saskatchewan prairie and the Samara steppes, but the overall feel of the land is the same: broad horizons and undulating, treeless nonf ict ion


This is Progressive Railroading's fifth annual maintenance of way (MOW) survey of 67 Class I railroads, regional and short-line railroads, and passenger railroads. It relates that over $8 billion is being budgeted for MOW projects for 2006. This reflects a 21 percent increase in comparison to 2005. The primary reasons for the increase is found in the increasing traffic volumes that are affecting the infrastructure. 8 Class I railroads, 23 regionals and short lines, and 26 passenger railroads are profiled. In addition, highlights are given of 13 projects that are expected to be completed by the end of 2006.


Explanatory analysis of the biography written by Hannah Arendt about Rahel Varnhegen (1771-1833), a Jewish woman, hostess of a salon in Berlin. The article tracks the protagonist fight to get a place in the world between parvenue and pariah and her painful repulse of Jewish identity. Rahel Varnhagen letters, read by Arendt, are a vivid expresion of her time, they reflect the situation of the first assimilated Jews and, at the same time, the women condition in a changing society upset by French Revolution and the Enlightenment ideas.


This study tested the causal relationship of service quality, religious commitment and trust on customers' satisfaction, loyalty and decision to repeat their transaction in sharia banking services. This research used quantitative approach to describe the causal relationship between the variables through hypothesis testing. The samples in this research are 160 respondents.  Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze this research. This research findings shows that the quality of service and customers' trust, satisfaction and loyalty simultaneously influenced the decision to repeat their transaction in that banking service. The customers' satisfaction and loyalty are intervening variables that linked the service quality and the customers' trust with the decision to repeat their banking transaction. The religious commitment had insignificant influence toward the service quality; however, it had significant influence toward the loyalty and decision to repeat their banking transaction.


In 2006 USAID and several of its partners agreed to the implementation of a minimum set of evidence-based interventions in maternal and newborn programs. These included a number of community-based and facility-based interventions that could be phased in to improve the survival and well being of mothers and newborns. These interventions have been tested in various operations research studies and have also been provided as an integrated package of services as described in subsequent sections of this newsletter. Below is a summary of evidence for each of the interventions. In the interest of brevity and simplicity we have limited the evidence to just a few key studies. To keep the document consistent with the MAMAN framework described in the previous article the evidence for MAMAN interventions has been described under three broad categories: I) Minimum maternal and newborn care II) Other essential interventions and III) Context specific interventions. (excerpt)


GOODALE, ROBERT L., BOYD GOETZMAN, AND MAURICE B. VISSCHER. Hypoxia and ioduacetic acid and alveohzpillary barrier permeability to albumin, Am. J. Physiol. 219(5): 12264230. 1970Perfusion studies at controlled flow rates using the isolated left lower lobe of the canine lung were performed under normal oxygen tensions and under conditions of low 0, tension, averaging 12 mm Hg. The average permeability coefficient of the alveolocapillary membrane to serum albumin -1311 placed in Tyrode solution-filled alveoli was calculated to be 2.85 cm se@ x 1 O* based on vascular appearance rates. This absolute value has uncertainties which are enumerated. Under conditions of marked hypoxia, there was no significant effect upon the appearance rates or the calculated permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane during the periods studied. When sodium iodoacetate, 2 IXLM, was added to the fluid perfusing the hypoxic lungs, however, an increase in appearance rates and permeability was detected within 22 min and became progressively greater with time. The average observed maximum increase in permeability was 36 times the control. It is concluded that this poison causes an increase in alveolocapillary permeability to protein.


Studies have been carried out to analyze possible changes in the distribution of anionic sites on the endometrial epithelium that might play a role in blastocyst implantation. Anionic sites were stained in nonfixed specimens at physiologicalpH and ionicstrengthutilizingpolycationicferritin and were subsequently observed by electronmicroscopy. Experiments were carriedout usingboth in situ and in vitrolabelingconditions, with either pregnant or pseudopregnant rats. There was a general reduction of anionic sitesfrom Days 2-6 of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy untilat Day 6 anionic sites were no longer detected. The results were similar on the mesometrial and antimesometrial sides of the uterus and on presumptive implantation sites(visualizedby pontamine blue staining)and elsewhere on the endometrial epithelium. These findingssuggest that the uterus undergoes a hormonally controlledlossof cellsurface anionic sites,which may be relatedto the abilityof the blastocystto implant about Days 5-6 but not earlier.


SrR,-We have given disulfiram (50 or 100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to white mice of R, strain, or to rats, once or three times at 2-hrly intervals and have found the level of noradrenaline in the brain to be decreased without affecting or increasing only slightly, the level of dopamine (Table 1). Determinations were made spectrophotofluorimetrically. One and a half hr after the last injection of disulfiram, cocaine hydrochloride was given subcutaneously 30 mg/kg to mice or 40 mg/kg to rats. After fhr the activity was registered by the photocell method during +hr sessions. Disulfiram prevented the increase of activity induced by cocaine (Table 1). A similar blocking effect was found by Maj & Przegalifiski (1967) in mice with amphetamine-induced hyperactivity [5 mg/kg s.c., (*)-amphetamine sulphate]. Disulfiram was also given to reserpinized mice (1 mg/kg i.p.) in which sedation had been reversed by nialamide (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and DL-dopa (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Reserpine was injected 9 hr, disulfiram (50 mg/kg, i.p.) 6, 4 and 2 hr, nialamide 2 hr and dopa fhr before the test. Activity was assessed, as before, in groups of 10 mice. The number of movements in reserpinized animals was 6 & 5.1 ; in reserpinized animals treated with nialamide and dopa it was 158 & 22.9, and in animals given disulfiram as well, it was 11 f 4.2. Analogous experiments were made with cr-methyltyrosine methylester (50 mg/kg, three times at 3-hrly intervals, i.p.). Disulfiram was given as above, but the third injection being given with the third injection of a-methyltyrosine methylester. Pargyline (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was given l+ hr, dopa (500 mg/kg, i.p.) 4 hr before the test. Activity was recorded in groups of 10 mice. The activity count in control mice was 183 f 15.4 and in mice treated with a-methyltyrosine methylester it was 47 i 11.3. After pargyline and dopa, stimulation was seen in mice given cr-methyltyrosine methylester (196 f 13.2), but not in mice pretreated with the ester-disulfiram combination (21 f 12.8). All the results were significant (P < 0.001). We have already reported that a similar preventive effect is obtained with disulfiram in mice given butyrophenones, and in these animals nialamide and dopa counteract sedation (Maj & Wielosz, 1967). Disulfiram prevented the stimulation induced by nialamide and dopa.


TO THE EDITOR: Careful gastroenterologists are fully aware of the risks of narcotic usage in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We therefore read with interest the article by Cross et al. (1), which suggests that narcotic use may be an indicator of severity in Crohn's disease. The authors in addition suggest that the data support the need to better characterize chronic pain in Crohn's disease.


Sediment source studies involving a simple mixing model was undertaken in the Pra River Basin in Ghana using a single tracer 210 Pb to determine the relative contribution of surface and bank sediments to the fluvial sediment transport. Sediment source tracing was performed on the basis of sub-basins by comparing the concentration of 210 Pb in fluvial sediments to the bank sediments and potential surface sediment sources. The potential sediment source types sampled for analysis included surface sediments from arable top soils, illegal mining sites, path/untarred roads leading to rivers, gullies and gutters from settlements and farms. For bank erosion, river channel bank materials were sampled. Lead-210 fallout was determined by alpha spectrometry using the low background Gas-less Automatic Alpha counting system (Canberra iMatic™). Results showed that bank material was the dominant sediments and accounted for over 60% of suspended sediment loads in all tributaries. Measures should be put in place to control the entrainment of bank materials since bank sediments constitute a larger proportion of the fluvial sediments. High fluvial sediment load is known to have geomorphological, hydrological, water resource management and ecological implications.


Polyurethane foams (PUFs) were prepared by mixing poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) and isocyanates in the ratio of 1:1.03 in the presence of additives such as catalyst, blowing agent and surfactant. The effects of types of starting material in PUF formulation on cell morphology and properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that starting material highly affected the morphology of PUF cells. Process parameters such as concentration of starting material and reaction temperature were investigated using SEM, foam density and capacity of water absorption. It was found that foam density depends on the cell size. While, the capacity of water absorption is depends on the percentage of the open cells and cell size. PUF samples have cell size between 200 to 600 μm, density in the range of 0.03 to 0.06 g cm-3, percentage of open cell at 25 to 60% and capacity of water absorption between 6 to 30%.


Two guidance schemes for nonlinear impact angle control against stationary ground targets are presented to address the issue of the look angle constraint. The guidance laws utilized are the unbiased and biased pure proportional navigation laws, for which the necessary analytical solutions are derived. The logic is based on switching action, where the navigation gain and/or the bias is switched when proper conditions for the terminal phase are achieved. The solutions of the nonlinear optimal control problem for selected engagement geometries are obtained to serve as benchmarks. The results imply that it may be possible to approach the performance of the optimal solution if the biased proportional navigation is employed as the midcourse guidance law. The implementation of the proposed schemes is expected to be straightforward because problematic inputs such as time-to-go are not required.


The differences of commands in rowing from commands in game kinds are discussed. The data of the experiment showing degree of development of coordination of joint actions on land by oarsmen, training in one crew are given. The classification of kinds of sports by socially-psychological character of teams is offered.


ABSTRACT Since the adoption of UNSCR 1325, more female peacekeepers are participating in peacekeeping missions than ever before. Nevertheless, the current literature on peacekeeping effectiveness is largely gender neutral, discounting the unique role female peacekeepers may play in peacekeeping operations. This article addresses this missing piece in the literature by assessing how female peacekeepers and locals view the role of women in peacekeeping operations. Using interviews and focus groups conducted with peacekeepers in the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and original surveys conducted in Liberian communities, it finds that there is an "access gap" that prevents female peacekeepers from fully contributing to the mission's operations and therefore prevents the peacekeeping mission from reaching its full potential. The findings have broader implications for how to improve peacekeeping missions' effectiveness moving forward.


Nanotechnology is the design, characterization, production/synthesis and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling the shape and size at the nanometer scale. Nanoparticles are usually synthesized by chemical methods that usually used toxic reactants/reagents as reducing agents that further produce toxic by-products, which in turn are hazardous to the environment. However, recently, there has been the used of plant extracts as an alternative, complementary source of reducing agents to reduce metal ions to the corresponding metal nanoparticles. Plants contain an abundance and diverse arrays of natural products such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, coenzymes etc. that vary in concentration and type in different parts of the plants such as leaves, stems, roots, shoots, flowers, barks, fruits and seeds. These secondary metabolites can act as reducing and stabilizing agents for the bio reduction reaction to synthesize novel metallic nanoparticles. Plant based nanoparticles are less expensive to synthesize, ecofriendly and are thus less hazardous to the environment. These plant-based nanoparticles have increasing applications as novel antimicrobial agents in light of the need to find new and alternative antimicrobial agents, as a result of antimicrobial resistance. Also, their efficacy as anticancer and antidiabetic agents are on the research agenda. This presentation on Green nanotechnology, surveys the use of plant extracts, in the synthesis of nanoparticles, incorporating silver, gold, platinum, metal oxides such as TiO 2 , ZnO and MgO etc, which has medicinal applications.


Interest in the experimental aesthetics of rectangles originates in the studies of Fechner (1876), which investigated Zeising's suggestion that Golden Section ratios determine the aesthetic appeal of great works of art. Although Fechner's studies are often cited to support the centrality of the Golden Section, a century of subsequent experimental work suggests it has little normative role in rectangle preferences. However, rectangles are still of interest to experimental aesthetics, and McManus (1980) used a paired comparison method to show that although population preferences are weak, there are strong, stable, statistically robust and very varied individual preferences. The present study measured rectangle preferences in 79 participants, particularly assessing their relationship to a wide range of background measures of individual differences. Once again weak population preferences but strong and varied individual rectangle preferences were found, and computer presentation of stimuli, with detailed analyses of response times, confirmed the coherent nature of aesthetic preferences for rectangles. Q-mode factor analysis found two main factors, labeled "square" and "rectangle," with participants showing different combinations of positive and negative loadings on these factors. However, the individual difference measures, including Big Five personality traits, Need for Cognition, Tolerance of Ambiguity, Schizotypy, Vocational Types, and Aesthetic Activities, showed no correlation at all with rectangle preferences. Individual differences in rectangle preferences are a robust phenomenon that clearly requires explanation, but at present their variability is entirely unexplained.


The different networks (toll motorway, national, regional and urban roads) are been presented with the distribution of different techniques of the surface layers. The porposed paper would present the essential features of mix composition of the different families of surface layer techniques (now defined by French standards) together with statistically data on surface characteristics from site measurements. These data are analyzed in order to show the effect of cumulative heavy lorry traffic.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate how gender manifests itself in Norwegian kindergarten, as observed by students during three weeks' work experience. The empirical basis was collated from 40 accounts of work experience from 20 kindergartens. Student kindergarten teachers' observations of how gender is expressed in kindergarten forms the background of the analysis. The results show that staff contribute to upholding traditional gender stereotypes in kindergarten. Girls and boys are treated differently; girls and boys challenge prevailing gender structures while kindergarten staff simultaneously conform to gender stereotypes.


The crosstalk characteristic, the most important part of the electrical properties of telecom cables, has a direct effect on the code error of the transmitted signal and determines the maximum length and bandwidth of the wiring. This paper analyses intensively the requirements for the crosstalk stipulated in the standard TIA/EIA 596B and investigates the way to improve the crosstalk attenuation of telecom cables.


adelphia, 1991, pp. 2-18. In this paper the impact of recent changes in ASTM Test Method for J 1 c , a Measure of Fracture Toughness (E 813) are evaluated. J 1 c was determined from a large number of J-R curves using both the 1981 and the 1987 versions of ASTM E 813. The value of J 1 c is usually from 10 to 15% higher when measured according to the new version of the standard. The scatter in the measured J 1 c values was not affected by the revisions. Although the revisions to the standard removed a number of difficulties with its use one problem still remains to be resolved. ASTM E 813 should be revised to include some guidance for correcting a 0 so that the blunting line fits the data in the early portion of the J-R curve when a J-R curve from ASTM Test Method for Determining J-R Curves (E 1152-87) is used.


THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY HAS BEEN ASSIGNED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A NUMBER OF PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO ABATE POLLUTION EMANATING FROM MOTOR VEHICLES. REGULATIONS ESTABLISHING STANDARDS, TESTING PROCEDURES, AND ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED AND PROMULGATED TO GUIDE FUTURE ACTIONS. STAFF AND CONTRACT PERSONNEL FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ARE ASSESSING THE TECHNOLOGY FEASIBILITY OF ATTAINING THE 1975 AND 1976 STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THE LEGISLATION. EPA IS EXPANDING ITS CAPABILITY TO MONITOR INDUSTRY PROGRESS, WHICH IS NOW PRIMARILY FOCUSED UPON ADD-ON DEVICES TO CLEAN UP THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN INITIATED CONCERNING THE FEASIBILITY OF LOW-EMISSION VEHICLES. EPA IS ALSO DIRECTING A RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR ALTERNATIVE POWER SYSTEMS.


The aim of this paper is to analyze three layer explicit schemes for a pseudoparabolic equation with different boundary conditions, including nonlocal ones. The numerical results are presented.


Episcopal ministry is an enduring subject of enquiry from many different points of view in the field of patristics, ecumenical, ecclesiological and historical. Yet there has been little investigation into its workings from the standpoint of its internal theological life and how this might impact on today's pastoral demands. Taking some of the classic writings of Chrysostom, Augustine, St Benedict and Gregory the Great, the article attempts to extrapolate some answers to these questions, while recognizing the divisions of time and culture between their age and ours.


Study on the light modular ocean drilling machine solid controlling system was made,analyzing the solid controlling system components and configuration parameters,as well as the working principle applied to solid controlling system of marine module drilling machine and the technology processes.In designing process to small model of marine drilling rig,the weight of lifting and the request to processes must be taken into account,so the multi-skid block and multi-location design for slurry circulation and solid controlling system was needed.Taking the designing system of SZ36-1 rig modules in the solid controlling system for an example,the skid block-size was selected,and attention points on optimizing ideas was given in designing the mud tank structural to ocean drilling rig.


Background: Alexithymia is a personality trait that refers to di ffi culties identifying and describing one ' s emotions. Growing evidence suggests that alexithymia is a key transdiagnostic risk factor. Despite its clinical importance, the etiology of alexithymia is largely unknown. Objective: The present study employs meta-analytic methods to summarize fi ndings on the role of one hypothesized antecedent of adult alexithymia, namely child maltreatment. Method: We conducted the meta-analysis strictly adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols) statement. We obtained 99 e ff ect-size estimates from 78 independent studies that reported both childhood maltreatment history and adult levels of alexithymia. These studies involved a total of 36,141 participants. Results: Using correlation coe ffi cients as our e ff ect size index, we found that child maltreatment was positively related to overall adult alexithymia (r = .23 [.19, .27]). Notably, emotional abuse (r = .18 [.13, .23]), emotional neglect (r = .21 [.16, .26]), and physical neglect (r = .18 [.15, .22]) were the strongest predictors. E ff ects were moderated by gender, a ffi liation with clinical vs. non-clinical samples, and publication status. Conclusions: Overall results were robust to publication bias and the presence of outliers. These fi ndings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the complex connection between di ff erent types of child maltreatment and alexithymia, providing greater insight into the early environmental in fl uences on alexithymia.


Wang P., Liang J., Lin X., Chen C., Huang Y., Gao Y. and Gao Y. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and ITS-2 secondary structure of Pseudo-nitzschia brasiliana (Bacillariophyceae), including Chinese strains. Phycologia 51: 1–10. DOI: 10.2216/09-108.1 The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia brasiliana Lundholm, Hasle & G.A. Fryxell is documented from China for the first time. Strains isolated from southeast coastal waters were characterized using light and electron microscopic observation. All strains were tested for domoic acid, but no toxin was detected. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of global strains of P. brasiliana were studied to assess intraspecific variation and geographic distribution patterns. Phylogenetic analyses based on the large subunit rDNA gene together with morphological observations show that P. brasiliana from China and other locations worldwide form one well-supported monophyletic clade, with P. americana as its sister. Phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences show a clear separation between five Asian strains and three European strains. In addition, ITS-2 rDNA secondary structure analyses reveal genetic variation between P. brasiliana strains from Europe and Southeast Asia, namely, a transfer of a base-pair set from a loop in the Asian group to the basis of helix II in the European group and two hemi-compensatory base changes (hemi-CBCs) in helix III between one European strain (ICMB-176) and the other strains. The occurrence of P. brasiliana in China's coastal waters is discussed.


The chapter will play close attention to the specific mechanisms of how children are targeted through the construction of "cultures of martyrdom" in which participation in all levels of violence (and not just suicide bombing) are lauded and appreciated by a wider community. The use of children's images to mobilize people to join terrorist movements is especially successful throughout the Middle East and North Africa. These children become martyrs in their community and are celebrated and admired far and wide.


Catalyzed pyrolysis of grape and olive bagasse under different experimental conditions has been studied. Variables investigated were temperature and type and concentration of catalysts. Experiments were carried out in an isothermal manner. Products of pyrolysis are gases (H2, CO, CO2, and CH4), liquids (methanol, acetone, furfurylic alcohol, phenol, furfural, naphthalene, and o-cresol), and solids (chars). Temperature is a significant variable, yielding increases of fixed carbon content, gases, and to a lesser extent, ash percentage. Catalyst presence also yields increases of solid phase content, but the amount of liquid components decrease. Among catalysts applied those of Fe and Zn are the most advisable to obtain gases. Chemical treatment of bagasses with sulfuric or phosphoric acid washing leads to lower char yields, although fixed carbon content is higher and ash presence diminishes with respect to catalyst pyrolysis without chemical pretreatment. A pyrolysis kinetic study based on gas generation fro...


Global reduction in new infant HIV infections is largely due to the expansion of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs. Identification of gaps in healthcare services is paramount in targeting interventions that identify high-risk populations and healthcare barriers that could lead to increased risk of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV.

 HIV infected women from 5 regions of Africa enrolled in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) were followed prospectively with assessments performed every 6 months. Sociodemographic factors, pregnancy outcomes, and access of PMTCT resources were reviewed for retrospectively reported pregnancies and those followed prospectively from study enrollment. Statistical analysis compared the impact of clinical factors on infant mortality and preterm delivery.

 The study reported 5591 pregnancies from January 2013 to June 2019 of which 5363 were retrospectively reported prior to study enrollment and 228 occurred after enrollment. Pregnancies followed prospectively had higher rates of linkage to PMTCT services prenatally (92.5% vs 6.8%, P< 0.001), intrapartum (64.5% vs 3.5%, P< 0.001), and post-partum (64.5% vs 2.9%, P< 0.001). This group had higher rates of delivery by a skilled birth attendant (93.4% vs 66.7%, P< 0.001) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescribed antepartum (96.1% vs 5.5%, P< 0.001) and post-partum (74.6% vs 3.6%, P< 0.001). Both groups had similar rates of prescriptions for intrapartum ART (98.7% vs 97.9%). The majority of women reported ART adherence (96.5%, P< 0.001) which was associated with a decrease in both preterm delivery and infant mortality (adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.15-0.39). A significant proportion of women followed prospectively reported their infants received ART with good adherence (51.8% vs 0.3% and 93.4% vs 6.3%, respectively P< 0.001).

 Participation in AFRICOS increased linkage to PMTCT programs which resulted in increased likelihood of skilled delivery and appropriate ART use for women and their infants. It highlights that linkage to care continues to be a crucial factor in limiting MTCT of HIV especially in resource-limited settings. Limitations in this study exist due to the low number of prospectively followed pregnancies.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


The corrosion behavior of carbides has been studied by an electrochemical method in sodium chloride solution at 50°C. The anodic dissolution current of tungsten carbide and vanadium carbide readily increased with a little polarization from immersion potential. Tungsten carbide formed a thick corrosion product (WO3·2H2O). The corrosion product of vanadium carbide was slight by reason that the rate of its dissolution probably exceeded the rate of formation of oxide. Rapid anodic dissolution of titanium carbide and chromium carbide begun at about 0.5V (vs. Ag/AgCl), in the trans-passive region. Niobuim carbide was stable in sodium chloride solution.


This paper presents a new evolution of SIGNAL's instrument concept that uses novel Digital Beamforming (DBF) techniques to further extend the coverage of the mission. In addition, by introducing two phase centers in azimuth, which are needed to achieve the swath extension, the system recovers the desired along-track interferometric capabilities.


This article analyses the reflections of trainee teachers' experiences of using storytelling as part of their teaching practice in the English as a Second Language (ESOL) classroom in the further education and skills sector. It focuses on the evaluations and perceptions of the trainee teachers on the effectiveness of storytelling as a pedagogic tool to enhance the language and literacy skills development of their ESOL learners. Moreover, it also explores the impact of storytelling on trainee teachers' professional development, using the theoretical framework of Linda Evans (2011; 2014). The findings indicate that trainees were able to implement storytelling in a wide range of contexts with various groups of learners from Entry 1 to Level 2. Storytelling as a pedagogical tool was used in various forms from not planned impromptu uses when demonstrating a grammatical or lexical point through to various more or less pre-planned anecdotal and routine classroom uses with innovative approaches and materials designed by the trainees themselves. The reflective accounts demonstrated a mostly positive impact of the implementation of storytelling on trainees' professional development that has been reflected mainly in the components of attitudinal and intellectual change with some evidence of behavioural change too.


is inclined to copy or to trace the work of others; he attemps visual representation; a. 2-dimensional drawing, chiefly in outline and silhouette. b. 3-dimensional drawing, the ! view may be attempted, particular persons are depicted and action is introduced. The child begins to compare and contrast his own several efforts at a subject and consciously to improve rendition. Landscapes may be attempted with some concern for overlapping perspective. vi. Repression age 11-14 Drawings show a deterioration or regression. Progress becomes laborious and slow. Some of this deterioration may be ascribed, perhaps, to emotional conflicts but cognitive and intellectual factors are also involved. There is increased self-criticism, increased powers of observation and increased aesthetic appreciation. Growing ability of self-expression through language plays a part. The human figure becomes rare in spontaneous drawings but geometrical, ornamental and decorative drawing becomes very common, when drawing of any kind is attempted.


ABSTRACT Tb3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses with the composition of P2O5–K2O–SrF2–Al2O3–x Tb4O7 (where x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mol%) were prepared by a conventional high temperature melt quenching technique and characterized through absorption, emission, excitation and decay measurements. From the emission studies, a strong green emission at around 546 was observed, which corresponds to the 5D4 → 7F5 transition of Tb3+ ion. Green/blue intensity ratios (IG/IB) were evaluated as a function of Tb3+ concentration and vice versa. Higher IG/IB intensity ratio confirms the higher covalency between Tb–O bond and higher asymmetry around the Tb3+ ions in the present fluorophosphate glasses. The decay curves for the 5D4 level of Tb3+ ion were measured and found that they exhibited single exponential nature irrespective to the dopant concentration. The experimental lifetime was determined using single exponential fitting and found that it increased from 2.65 to 2.95 ms when Tb3+ concentration increased from 0.1 mol% to 4.0 mol%. The derived properties were compared to the other Tb3+-doped glasses in order to see the potentiality of the material for visible laser gain media at 546 nm.


The article presents the lexico-semantic morphology and the functional-syntactic role of the noun as part of speech and the sentence constituent in its nominative role. Noun in the semantic aspect in its categorical characteristic as part of speech, denoting the substance, prototypically denotatively is in direct connection with the corresponding object (object, person, material substance) of material reality. However, linguists have discovered that within the class of nouns one can distinguish names that are selfКручинкина Н. Д. Лексико-семантический и функционально-семантический потенциал существительного // Научный результат. Вопросы теоретической и прикладной лингвистики. Т 3, No3, 2017 23 НАУЧНЫЙ РЕЗУЛЬТАТ. ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ И ПРИКЛАДНОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИКИ RESEARCH RESULT. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS sufficient in their semantics and the names "relative", whose semantics disclosure requires referring to another name addressed to another denotator. This distinction of names is important for lexicology and lexical semantics. At the same time, both these and other representatives of the substantive class in functional-syntactic manifestation in the nomination of real-life events within the framework of propositional syntagms manifest themselves as functional-synemantic constituents. Such a synthesized description of the noun in its morphological and functional-syntactic semantics appears to be new and important.


Artificial recharge using outside diversion water is an effective method to solve the water resources shortage, but it's necessary of groundwater quality analysis during the recharge process. For the parameters acquisition of artificial recharge, a field infiltration test had been taken with the Hutuo River bed, the ions variation had been tested. The results show that, Cl-, SO42-, F- increase but NO3- decreases during the recharge process, then get back after the recharge termination; considering mixture is main factor of Cl- variation, the proportions of different water resource had been calculated, the proportion of recharge water increases during artificial process and decrease after the recharge termination, hysteresis exists between different sampling wells by the responding time and peak time.


ABSTRACT A "Tet(L)-12" version of Tet(L), a tetracycline efflux protein with 14 transmembrane segments (TMS), was constructed by deletion of two central TMS. Tet(L)-12 catalyzed Na+/H+antiport and antiport with K+ as a coupling ion as well as or better than wild-type Tet(L) but exhibited no tetracycline-Me2+/H+ antiport inEscherichia coli vesicles.


Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the best approximation by trigonometric polynomials in Morrey space Lp,λ(I0) with 1 < p < ∞ and I0 = [0, 2π]. We prove the direct and inverse theorems of approximation by trigonometric polynomials in the spaces L̃p,λ(I0) the closure of C(I0) in Lp,λ(I0). To prove these theorems we get the characterization of K−functionals in terms of the modulus of smoothness and give the Bernstein type inequality for trigonometric polynomials in the spaces Lp,λ(I0).


This research aims to provide information about changes that may occur on the strategies declared to solve oral production problems by future teachers of English as a foreign language in Primary Education according to Nakatani's Inventory of Oral Communication Strategies (2006). The participants are students of English Teaching, these belong to the University of Granada (UGR), the University of Malaga (UMA) and the María Inmaculada de Antequera (Málaga) Associated Teaching Center (CAMMIA). The data was taken in two stages or moments, at the beginning of the Mention of English and at the end of it. In this research, a descriptive study is carried out for the initial phase, since the number of volunteer participants was greater than in the final sample. For the final sample, the results were statistically analyzed and compared. Only in strategies number 3 and 5 some significant changes take place. There have also been changes in the other types of strategies, although no significant changes have been obtained. It could be concluded that perhaps a specific instruction during the Mention would have contributed to the greater differences between the use of this type of strategies between the moment the Mention began and the moment it ended.


It is known that a transition from object to spatial-frequency domain with the aid of the Fourier transform may be a suitable solution for the problem of real-time pattern recognition of objects whose features cannot be determined exactly. The paper discusses the method of incoherent space frequency analysis with the aid of liquid-crystal light modulators. The hardware based on this technique can be simple and economical, and it overcomes a number of disadvantages of coherent-optical set-up. The parameters of LC modulators are discussed. These may be used to derive operational conditions, processing spreads, etc. of the optical processors involved. Selected examples illustrate suitable applications.


The twenty-four prints constituting Callot's Balli di Sfessania (Figs. 12–35)1 have always been popular, sought by collectors, and studied by historians as prime examples of the master's artistic imagination and as telling statements about the world in which he lived. Still, if one asks how Callot came to make them, what they are about, even what exactly they represent, the extensive scholarly literature on Callot offers mainly equivocal, and some wrong, answers. The word "Sfessania" in the title has bewildered most art historians, and other details of the frontispiece (Fig. 12) have puzzled them. Some critics would like to believe the prints are a kind of social commentary,2 while others would explain them almost entirely in esthetic, formal terms.3 In general, there is agreement and apparent certainty only about two things: first, that the prints were made shortly after Callot returned to Lorraine in 1621 after some twelve years of residence in Italy; second, that they portray a Commedia dell'arte compa...


In this paper the authors propose a method of combined factorial data coding directed to the information integrity control that provides a comprehensive protection against intentional alteration of data and communication channel errors. The basic idea of the proposed method consists in combining of procedures of full factorial coding that uses a permutation as a codeword check value, and a cyclic redundancy coding (CRC). In this case a codeword check value of combined factorial code is generated from a codeword check value of full factorial code represented by a polynomial, by the CRC polynomial modulo. The basic properties of the combined factorial code are defined. The assessments of transmission reliability, cryptographic strength and strength against intentional alteration of data are evaluated. A comparative analysis of detecting ability (probability of an error undetected by the code) and energy gain for the full and combined factorial coding is done on the condition of independence of errors that appear in communication channel and their binomial distribution. The ways of improvement of the presented assessment of the probability of an undetected by factorial code error are defined. Recommendations for the use of full and combined factorial coding are given.


The City-HUB project (a European Commission 7th framework programme research project) aims to contribute to the design and operation of seamless, smart, clean and safe intermodal public transport systems. This paper presents findings from the first few stages of the project, which through various tasks, have identified the numerous factors that need to come together to make a successful interchange. The methods used include literature reviews (covering research, policy and guidelines), 18 practitioner interviews (with transport operators, local transport authorities and the business community involved in planning, designing and operating successful interchanges) and surveys of passengers at interchanges across Europe.


Since reliance interest have been proposed,it has always been attracting much attention and causing widespread controversy.Scholars have their own emphasis on reliance interest and even now have not been able to reach an agreement.But one thing is common knowledge that the objective existence of the reliance interest and its importance has become increasingly prominent.To clear the line of the context and to combine various views of reliance interests of the current protection of two legal systems on reliance interest,the differences of two legal systems is discussed.So there will be a guide and reference meaning on this field of our country.


We compared the results of the optimum circular interpolation with those of the clothoid interpolation and the automatical circular interpolation function in the Maple NC automatic programming system, for three types of contour: an ellipse, an involute and a parallel index cam profile. The amount of interpolation data obtained by the optimum circular interpolation is less than that obtained by the Maple system. In particular, the reducing effect becomes obvious for a contour curve with a steep change in radius of curvature. Although the optimum circular interpolation is slightly more disadvantageous than the clothoid interpolation in terms of the amount of interpolation data, it is very practical and useful because the interpolation data can be directly applied in a general NC machine tool and the interpolation data for any offset curve can be direct obtained from those for the original curve.


The article deals with the history of the Russian Federation's participation in local hybrid conflicts that continued or emerged in the early XXI century. It is revealed that modern local conflicts may have both limited and global significance. Local conflicts of the second type are caused by the confrontation of civilization centers of power. Despite their seemingly local character, they reflect the struggle for redistribution of spheres of influence between centers of power in the era of globalization. The article also notes important changes in the modern strategic art of warfare. At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries local wars acquire the so-called hybrid character. Hybrid wars of our time are conducted using a variety of methods and means such as "soft power", information impact terrorism. In this case, the armed component of warfare is preserved either as the use of force or as a threat of its use. The author concludes that in the XXI century, the nature of the Russian Federation's participation in local conflicts has changed: from passive, purely defensive tactics, the Russian leadership has moved to more flexible and active tactics.


At the heart of the frozen city of Ideas is a drinking party. We need to explore the nature of this drinking party very carefully in order to understand the inner dimension of the city founded on human law given by man to himself. The autopoietic, or self organizing, nature of the ideal city is very important. Plato has carefully constructed his city so that we will understand, from the image of the ideal city, the nature of ourselves. It is a construct that rides on the crest of the wave of Conceptual Being. The city itself is a categorical structure prior to abstraction. It is a first representation of the essential relations between first principles (or ideal laws) which have not yet been abstracted away from the image as is later done by Aristotle. The city is the image of ourselves. Self organization (or lawgiving of a city to itself) calls into question the nature of the self for which Plato brings us back to the question of virtues; and virtues, as we saw in the last chapter, related to the genetic unfolding of our worldview from previous worldviews.


Nanotechnology provides the opportunity for the development of new materials in the nanometer size range with many potential applications in biological sciences and clinical medicine. RD (muscle cancer cell line) was seeded out in 25 cm2 plastic tissue culture flasks (NuncWiesbaden Germany) individually, in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) with Hanks salts, containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 2 mM L-Glutamine along with some nonessential amino acids and were incubated for 24 h for proper attachment to the substratum and kept at a 96 wells plate, incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2. SEM was employed to the nanoparticles and size of α-Fe2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles were about 66 nm and 250 nm. Moreover 10-80μg/mL of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) and SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed solution were labeled for each row of 96 wells plate. The present study evaluates the different parameters, e.g. time of incubation, cytotoxicity and cellular viability of the Human Rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD) as an experimental model. The viability of cells was determined by means of neutral red assay (NRA) after the cell-exposition to different concentrations of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) and SiO2 nanoparticles into mentioned tumoricidal cells


Since the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in 1978, more than 1 million children have been born following assisted reproductive technology. During the 1990s, most European countries succeeded in reducing the incidence of triplet births; however, due to the double embryo transfer policy, twins still account for over 20% of the assisted reproductive technology children born. It is well known that the outcome of twins is poorer than for singletons; however, another consequence of double embryo transfer is that one in ten IVF singletons are born after a vanishing twin pregnancy. Two-thirds of these lose their co-twin during the first and second trimester, but even if spontaneous reduction onsets early in pregnancy this influences the survivor, as the surviving fetus carry higher neonatal risks including low birthweight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation, neonatal deaths and admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Presumably, long-term outcomes such as cerebral palsy are also in...


I was fortunate enough to be trained in the era of 'father figure' mentors – senior surgeons (and physicians!) who passed on a wealth of personal and institutional experience. Today's truncated training inevitably deprives future surgeons of such a start-up portfolio. This offering from the American home of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery goes a long way towards filling this gap. It is scarcely credible that this is the first time that the accumulated 100-year wisdom at the Mayo Clinic has been assembled into a 'How we do it at the Mayo' compendium: 100 years very well spent, if this book is anything to go by.


Irradiation fractures of the femoral neck are frequently recognized late and treatment at this stage does not allow a good result. Early diagnosis and treatment insures a good result. Pathological studies reveal areas of osteoporosis in the femoral neck. Osteoclastic activity in the osteoporotic bone is absent, but osteoblastic activity is present always in some degree. In some patients, segmental acetabular fracture occurs secondary to osteoporosis. In these cases, any additional trauma results in necrosis of this area and fragmentation of the femoral neck. Damage from irradiation of bone appears to be based on loss of osteoclastic activity, death of bone cells, and some minor avascularity, which all result in osteoporosis. Then, stress and strain in the presence of these factors produces a stress fracture. The time of occurrence of fracture following therapy ranges from 41/2 months up to as long as 12 yr, with the majority of cases occurring within 5 yr following therapy. No one specific treatment is applicable to all the fractures. The prognosis is generally favorable, but the disability varies. (TCO)


A marked suscp von Meyenburg, 1969; Fiechter, 1975). It is evident from these studies that "aerobic fermentation" emerges from a glucose-limited chemostat culture when residual concentration of glucose in the medium exceeds a critical value of, for instance, about 50 mg/!Z. The value of critical dilution rate, beyond which, the aerobic fermentation is observed, also depends on glucose concentration in a fresh medium (Fiechter, 1975). Though the factors that are responsible for the dual functioning . . . anaerobic and aerobic . . . of the yeast cells have not necessarily been clarified, the fed-batch culture to minhnize the adverse effect of glucose has been put into practice of the industrial production of baker's yeast cells. Despite the importance 05 phosphate metabolism by microorganisms, it is difficult to find out the data on a phosphate-limited chemostat culture of baker's yeast except forompublfcatiom (Markham and Byrn?, 1969). Accord-ing to the reference, the picture is in sharp contrast to that fDr glucose ; i.e. the wash-out is fairly low, aerobic fermentation predominating over the respiration almost throughout.


This paper explains the fundamental theory of Marxist philosophic morphology in the light of the basic viewpoint of Marxist philosophy. Meanwhile,it provides the basis for classifying philosophic morphology. By deep and complete analyses of philosophic morphology, content and forms, this paper offers their definitions respectively. Furthermore, the basic laws of the development of philosophic morphology,and the similarities and differences between philosophic form and morphology are also discussed.


An analysis of the required performance of internal avionics data bases for future launch vehicles is presented. Suitable local area networks that can service these requirements are determined.


A simple classical stochastic model for diatomic vibrational relaxation, based on the generalized Langevin equation, is presented. The memory function in the generalized Langevin equation is determined directly from equilibrium force autocorrelation functions for the individual atoms of the diatomic dissolved in the solvent of interest. A simple autoregressive (AR) procedure, developed in a preceding paper [D. E. Smith and C. B. Harris, J. Chem. Phys. 92, xxx (1990)], is used for modeling the memory functions to arbitrary order. This model is tested on the system of iodine in Lennard–Jones xenon using fourth order AR approximations for the memory functions, and is found to be very effective in reproducing data from molecular dynamics simulations at two very different densities. Results are discussed in terms of the simplifying assumption that the solvent interaction with the diatomic can be characterized by equilibrium dynamics of single atoms in solution.


R ADIOACTIVE diisopropylfluorophosphate ( DFP2) has been frequently used as a label for blood cells and proteins. It is a basic assumption that DFP32 is irreversibly bound to a protein site, no label being released unbil the protein breaks down. Contrary t,o this assumption, we observed that there is a definite and, sometimes, a marked release of the label from red cells during a short period after the labeling. Bove and Ebaughl and van Putter? have recently reported similar findings. The practical use of DFP3' as a red cell tag depends, to a considerable degree, on its behavior during the first few days after the labeling, and also on its suitability as an in vitro tag. Therefore, these two questions were investigated in the present study.


12. 01.2015 International Business Author or authors Arafath, Muhammad Yasir Group or year of entry GloBBA 11K Title of report Designing budgeting tool and sensitivity analysis for a start-up. Case: Witrafi Oy Number of report pages and attachment pages 29+9 Teacher(s) or supervisor(s) Jaana Melamies, Anne Arkima This study presents a thesis on the topic of designing budgeting tool and sensitivity analysis for the commissioning company. The commissioning company is a Finnish Star-up and currently focusing on developing Intelligent Transport Systems by using network based parking system. The aim of this thesis is to provide a readymade budgeting tool therefore, the commissioning company can use the tool for its own purpose. This is a product-oriented thesis and it includes five project tasks. Project task one defines budget, project task two establish the purposes of budget, project task three design the budgeting tool, project task four implement the tool and finally project task five evaluates the project. The budgeting tool is designed by using Microsoft Excel and it consists revenue budget, operating expense budget, cash collection budget, cash payments budget, combined cash budget, cost of goods sold budget, budgeted income statement and sensitivity analysis. The outcomes of the project is: a ready-made budgeting tool for the year 2015 and 2016 and sensitivity analysis.


The meaning breaking of the concept "fond of wisdom" in ancient Greece was a symbol of the starting of philosophy, in which Plato was the great forerunner. How did Plato start philosophy? The article discusses this problem from the three themes in Republic, such as "against poets", "light root metaphor" and "philosopher as king". The first two themes reflected the dimensions of language and subject in the road of approaching philosophy respectively and the last one actually fixed the central position of philosophy in human culture. Plato made the concept "fond of wisdom" become philosophy(metaphysics) which laid the foundation of western thought.


Abstract : Evoked potentials to light were studied in several areas of the brain in 5 cats during habituation, conditioning and after overtraining. The visually-evoked potential in different areas of the brain may change to a variety of situations: (1) in early habituation, it may fluctuate; later, it is reduced in amplitude. WithATROPINE, THESE CHANGES ARE NOT OBSERVED; (2) in early conditioning, it is enhanced in all areas of the brain, but this enhancement disappears with continued training; (3) the late part of the evoked potential curve showed the earliest and most salient difference; and (4) changes under the condition described were most obvious at cortex, centre median and in the mesencephalic reticular area. (Author)


Clinical trials, systematic reviews and guidelines compare beneficial and non-beneficial outcomes following interventions. Often, however, various studies on a particular topic do not address the same outcomes, making it difficult to draw clinically useful conclusions when a group of studies is looked at as a whole1. This problem was recently thrown into sharp focus by a systematic review of interventions for preterm birth prevention, which found that among 103 randomized trials, no fewer than 72 different outcomes were reported2. There is a growing recognition among clinical researchers that this variability undermines consistent synthesis of the evidence, and that what is needed is an agreed standardized collection of outcomes – a 'core outcomes set' – for all trials in a specific clinical area1. Recognizing that the current inconsistency is a serious hindrance to progress in our specialty, the editors of over 50 journals related to women's health have come together to support The CROWN (CoRe Outcomes in WomeN's health) Initiative (Box 1). Development of consensus is required around a set of well-defined, relevant and feasible outcomes for all trials concerning particular obstetric and gynecologic health conditions, such as preterm birth, incontinence, infertility and menstrual problems. With so many subspecialties involved, this is no easy task. Duplication of effort can be avoided by working with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative,


One of the keys to achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in education is to introduce novel pedagogical strategies into university curricula in order to promote an enhanced acute sense of sustainability in future professionals, teachers, and decision-makers. This paper aims at analyzing the effectiveness of including green and sustainable chemistry on the basis of a systems thinking framework to introduce a glocal (global scale, local impact) hot-type topic in an experimental chemistry course for first-year undergraduate Chemical Engineering students from a public Brazilian university located in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The enormous amount of waste generated locally by the citrus processing industry was used as a case study for a guided-inquiry laboratory experiment that addressed concepts found in interfaces with other systems, such as biorefineries, biocircular economies, and green technologies and professional education programs. On the basis of student feedback, the alternative procedure proved to be technically and pedagogically effective, showing that problem-based glocal issues can be useful tools for developing sustainability-minded future professionals. Additionally, a set of green and sustainable chemistry education (GSCE) principles composing a new metric called the Green and Sustainable Chemistry Education Compass Rose was proposed that could help educators develop and assess novel experiments to modernize and introduce the scientific concepts and tools needed to face the world's greatest challenges.


Large image databases are commonly employed in applications like criminal records, customs, plant root database, and voters' registration database. EEcient and convenient mechanisms for database organization and retrieval are essential. A quick and easy-to-use interface is needed which should also mesh naturally with the overall image management system. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of an integrated image database system. This system ooers support for both alphanumeric query, based on alphanumeric data attached to the image le, and content-based query utilizing image examples. Content-based retrieval, speciically Query by Image Example, is made possible by the SHOSLIF approach. Alphanumeric query is implemented by a collection of parsing and query modules. All these are accessible from within a user-friendly GUI.


This study tackles the analysis of fixed external solar shading systems. The geometry of a building and of the shading system has been parametrically defined and a genetic optimization analysis has been carried out to identify an architectural solution that would allow the increase of energy savings, through a suitable window-to-wall ratio and an accurate design of the shading device. A multi-objective analysis has been performed with the aim of minimizing the energy consumption for space heating, cooling and artificial lighting, while ensuring the visual comfort of the occupants. The main goal of the study is to explore the influence of climatic context on the optimal design of shading devices. The analysis has been performed for three different latitudes across Europe. In all analyzed cases, a reduction of the annual energy consumption could be achieved, up to 42% if the optimal shading configuration is used. Moreover, the possibility of integrating the shading system with photovoltaic (PV) panels has been considered and the electricity production has been estimated.


The various problem areas regarding assembling of microelements into complex microsystems are reviewed and the joining techniques are emphasised in particular. The dis,-ussion is focused on the fabrication of microrobotic systems and the various joining techniques are compared with respect to the potential of fulfilling the demands for such a process. Factor.; such as processing conditions, precision, stability, materials limitations, bond and device strength are included in the comparison. Different methods for handling and manipulating microelements are discussed and the experimental equipment used in our own investigations is presented.


Much of the sweet com in the Hudson Valley is treated by aircraft. Although this long standing production practice is cost-effective and allows growers to treat relatively high numbers of acres per day, it is an increasingly controversial production practice. Aerial applications are highly visible and raise environmental and public health concerns in the minds o f some who reside in proximity to treated fields. It is unlikely that the practice will change in the near future, but concerns might be lowered if conventional insecticides were replaced by compounds that are reduced-risk or biorational in origin and activity. We reasoned that if biorational insecticides were being sprayed instead of'hard' insecticides, such as pyrethroids, aerial application might be more readily accepted. Over two seasons of field experimentation, the relative efficacies o f present and near-future biorationals were determined in efforts to give them serious consideration for inclusion into NY management programs. Shippers of fresh market sweet com strive to maintain pests below a market threshold of 5% infested ears. Sweet com pests in the Hudson Valley (European com borer [ECB]; com earworm [CEW]; and fall armyworm[FAW]), are currently controlled by pyrethroid or carbamate insecticides that generally provide excellent results. A few biorational insecticides are currently available, and a number of novel biorational insecticides (e.g., IGR's, bacteria, fungi, etc.) are in advanced developmental stages. In general, field applications of Bt insecticides on sweet com have performed poorly relative to conventional materials (Straub unpubl., Shelton unpubl.), i.e., have allowed much greater than 5% infested ears. This two-yr study provided head-to-head comparisons of biorationals and a conventional material for management o f the sweet com Lepidopterian complex. Results of this research provide vital information concerning 'soft' programs for producers of fresh market sweet corn-particularly useful in those areas o f the state where applications of conventional insecticides are becoming socially problematic.


A method is described for the measurement of cutaneous adenyl cyclase. Certain properties of the adenyl cyclase of guinea‐pig skin have been studied; this enzyme appears to be unusual in that no stimulation of its activity by adrenalin could be demonstrated.


During the last decades, the amount of available genetic data on populations has growndrastically. From one side, a refinement of chemical technologies have made possible theextraction of the human genome of individuals at an accessible cost. From the other side,consortia of institutions and laboratories around the world have permitted the collectionof data on a variety of individuals and population. This amount of data raised hope onour ability to understand the deepest mechanisms involved in the functioning of our cells.Notably, genetic epidemiology is a field that studies the relation between the geneticfeatures and the onset of a disease. Specific statistical methods have been necessary forthose analyses, especially due to the dimensions of available data: in genetics, informationis contained in a high number of variables compared to the number of observations.In this dissertation, two contributions are presented. The first project called PIGE (Pathway-Interaction Gene Environment) deals with gene-environment interaction assessments.The second one aims at developing variable selection methods for data which has groupstructures in both the variables and the observations.The document is divided into six chapters. The first chapter sets the background of this work,where both biological and mathematical notations and concepts are presented and gives ahistory of the motivation behind genetics and genetic epidemiology. The second chapterpresent an overview of the statistical methods currently in use for genetic epidemiology.The third chapter deals with the identification of gene-environment interactions. It includesa presentation of existing approaches for this problem and a contribution of the thesis. Thefourth chapter brings off the problem of meta-analysis. A definition of the problem and anoverview of the existing approaches are presented. Then, a new approach is introduced.The fifth chapter explains the pleiotropy studies and how the method presented in theprevious chapter is suited for this kind of analysis. The last chapter compiles conclusionsand research lines for the future.


A signature graph hybrid IDS is provided to analyze intrusion by automatically storing information about attack to a log file, classifying contents of the log file into each signature, storing the classified signatures a database, and comparing the signature of the newly inputted attack with the signatures stored in the database. A DCM(Data Collection Module) collects audit data by capturing data in the network. An ADGM(Audit Data Generation Module) generates the audit data capable of determining intrusion by analyzing the collected audit data. An IDSGM(Intrusion Detection Signature Generation Module) generates an intrusion detection signature by separating the audit data into an alert and log event. An ATES(Algorithm Transforming the Existing Signature) generates the intrusion detection signature for similar or mutative intrusion based on the generated intrusion detection signature. An SGGM(Signature Graph Generation Module) makes a signature graph by analyzing correlation between the classified signatures. An information database determines the intrusion if a connection event is not agreed with the audit data stored in the information database by linking with an analysis engine, and issues the alert to a manager through a response module.


This note, the first in a series on the social sectors (see Box 1), has two objectives. The first objective is to provide a rapid diagnostic of key features of the pre-tertiary education sector in the areas of schooling (enrollment, out-of-school children, reasons for dropping out), learning (student performance and factors affecting performance), education and labor market earnings , and finally education spending, both by the government and by households.


In order to study the dynamic performance,the mechanical-electrical coupled dynamic model of the tilting train is established based on adams and Matlab/Simulink software.The dynamic performance of the tilting train in different conditions is studied by the numerical method.Comparing with the common trains, it can be known from the numerical results that tilting train has a great advantage of better ride comfort and higher curve-passing speed with only little effect on its dynamic performance.


In order to overcome the adverse effect of traditional grain drier on grain quality, a new type horizontal rotary drying chamber was designed and developed. The characteristic of this equipment is that the grain is dried at low temperature, and the whole machine rotates slowly to stir the grain, so as to ensure the uniformity of moisture content after the grain is dried, reduce the mechanical damage to grain in the drying process, and ensure the grain drying quality. In order to verify the performance of the equipment, a corn drying test was carried out. After 48 hours of continuous drying, the moisture content (24% wet basic) of 30.8t newly harvested high-moisture corn was dried to 15%, the drying curve was smooth, the drying process was stable, the non-uniformity after drying was less than 1%, and the unit energy consumption was about 0.19 kW-h/ (1% moisture -t). The experimental results showed that the moisture content of corn after drying was uniform, and the energy consumption was low. Therefore, it is a new warehouse type suitable for large farmers' corn drying and short-term storage, and provides a new technology method and idea for grain drying and storage in the future.


Shared energy resources and energy communities are being widely studied and pilots are being implemented in various locations around the world. However, laypeople may find the concepts regarding energy and electricity in general difficult to grasp, and the issue is made more complex by introducing new aspects like demand response and shared photovoltaic (PV) installations. Serious games are proposed as a tool for raising awareness, and this paper presents a systematic literature review on serious games featuring energy and electricity aspects while giving extra attention to whether a serious game has features considering demand response or energy communities. The results are used to determine whether research gaps exist, and if a serious game featuring energy communities and demand response would be meaningful to develop. In total, 34 games were identified, four of which had demand response aspects and five of which had aspects considering energy communities or shared energy resources. None of the games featured both aspects while having a link to real-life events by, e.g., making the energy consumption of the player's home affect the outcome of the game. This emphasizes the fact that the concepts are new, and a serious game covering them could be implemented.


Resumen en: This work considers the variety of public discourses in Mexico about the legitimacy and inclusion of sexual diversity and difference; its purpose is to ...


MeV quasi‐mono‐energetic proton beam is produced by a combination of a synchronous radio frequency (rf) electric field and laser‐plasma ion acceleration. The experiment was carried out at the Kansai Photon Science Institute, JAEA, using the Ti:Sapphire laser system called J‐KAREN. The proton beam is emitted normal to the rear surface of the thin polyimide target of the thickness 7.5 μm irradiated at peak intensity of 4×1018 W/cm2. The energy spread is compressed from 100% to less than 11% at FWHM by the rf field. The focusing and defocusing effect of the transverse direction is also observed. These are also studied by a Monte Carlo simulation. The relation between the transverse focusing and the energy spectrum of the phase‐rotated beam is systematically shown by the simulation.


Method of changing used in a printing press printing plates (01), wherein the ready to use custom built printing forms (01), which are arranged spatially separated from the printing press on at least one end of at least one plate exposure means (33) having plate line display (66) in any order be provided by a robot (63) distributed over the handle portion of this robot (63) standing by mobile collecting container (43) and in the respective reservoirs (43) are transported to the printing press, wherein in the handling area of the robot (63) comprises a plurality of mobile collecting (43) one or are groups prepared printing forms in which the robot (63) provided on said display (66) in any order (01) according to certain classification criteria to this mobile collecting container (43) distributed, in which the distribution of the printing plates (01) au respectively in association with their respective mounting position f is carried out, arranged in the printing machine the form cylinder (06) having a plurality in the axial direction adjacent mounting positions in which the transport of the mobile collecting container (43) for ...


Research has been conducted in Bojongsari Village, Kembaran Subdistrict Banyumas Regency Central Java on ± 3 month. The aim of research: To know dose of fermentation compost was best influenced on growth and yield of French bean. To know treatment of natural fertilizer mycorrhiza on influenced on growth and yield of French bean. To know the interaction's effect between fermentation compost dose and usage of biological fertilizer micorrhyze on growth and yield of French bean. This research represents polibag experiment with factorial pattern. Used design was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four times replications. Each treatment plot number was 24. Each experimental plot comprised of three plants then total number of plant was 72. Tested factors were fermentation compost dose (15.000 kg/ha or 75 gram/polibag, 20.000 kg/ha or 100 gr/polibag, 25.000 kg/ha or 125 gram/polibag) and usage biological fertilizer mycorrhiza (without mycorrhiza and use mychorriza). Research result showed that treatment of fermentation compost providing significant effect on number of pods. While on other variable studied such as plant length, the amount of leaf, the weight of the wet upper plant, the weight of fresh root and pods weight was not significantly influenced. Treatment of fermentation compost with dose of 125 gram/polibag represent best fermentation compost dose at this research. Treatment of biological fertilizer mycorrhiza was not significantly influenced on entire observed variables that where plant length, leaf number, the weight of the wet upper plant, the weight of fresh root and pods weight. There was interaction between treatment of compost fertilizer combination and natural fertilizer mychorrhiza on growth and yield of French bean at observed variable that were lower bunch weight that significantly different and not significantly different in plant length, leaf number, the weight of the wet upper plant, the weight of fresh root and pods weight.

Key words: Fermentation compost, mycorrhiza, french bean


Since 2005 Shanghai Port throughput ranks the first worldwide,and exerts great effects on some other important shipping areas.The development of maritime center relys on both the hardwares such as port infrastructures,throughput,and the soft power such as maritime services,information,RD.;the development must improve various dimensions.The paper focuses on the status and problems existing in the maritime service industries from the point of port industrial cluster.The role government plays in the port clusters is also discussed later.


Our objective was to determinine whether transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) can aggravate the formation of hepatic fibrosis in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC).We determined the contents of serum HA、HPC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C、LN and TNF-α of 30 patients with HCC who had received three cycles of TACE before and after operation.Results showed five indicators of hepatic fibrosis after operation were significantly increased in patients with HCC than before operation,especially after the third operation(P0.01).Our conclusion was repeated duration of TACE would intensify the liver damage.More attention should be paid to protect the hepatic function and prevent liver fibrosis after TACE.


This paper deals with education in security issues. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the current approach to education of future educators in the field of security issues at selected universities in the Czech Republic. The primary method of research was a survey through questionnaires, where information was collected at selected universities. The evaluation is performed using SWOT analysis. The fragmentation and inconsistency of the approach of individual universities is evident from the results of the survey. New knowledge, which is based on the research, is the identification of the current state of training of future teachers in the field of security. The result of the survey is used by an expert group of the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic as input information for the development of minimum standards for pedagogical universities.


Three different sample pretreatment methods,namely ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction(UASE),simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE),solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME)were used to analyze the composition of aroma compounds of Tuber huidongense by GC-MS.USAE extraction resulted in 80 separated peaks,of which 67 were identified,accounting for 93.59%of the total extract.The number of separated peaks in SDE-derived extract was 97,including 67 identified compounds, representing 90.45%of the total extract.A total of 64 peaks were separated in the chromatogram of SPME-derived extract and 50 of them were identified,accounting for 75.15%of the total extract.The total number of aroma compounds extracted by the three methods was 142,including 23 major aroma compounds.Overall,SDE was the best method among them.


The paper presents results of the two-year experiment in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) production. Short-term study of non-conventional soil tillage systems was conducted at the experimental field near Staro Petrovo Selo (45° 10' N, 17° 30' E) on Hypogley-vertic type of soil and semi humid climate conditions. The tillage systems and implements used were: CT – mouldboard plough, disc harrow, seed-bed implement, drill, RT 1 chisel plough, disc harrow, seed-bed implement, drill, RT 2 chisel plough, rotary harrow integrated with seed drill, RT 3 mouldboard plough, rotary harrow integrated with seed drill. The highest average yields were obtained by RT 3 in barley production (4.42 t ha) and RT 1 system in soybean (3.78 t ha) production. The greatest energy and labour savings in soil tillage, among the lowest total cost of production, were achieved by RT 2 system, but due to the significantly lower yields this system has not proved adequate for soybean production, while it could be recommend in barley production due to the highest productivity accompanied with high yields and economic efficiency. The highest economic efficiency of barley production has shown RT 3 system (coefficient of 1.75), while in soybean production the most profitable system was RT 1 (coefficient of 2.16). Regarding the choice of tillage systems, assuming uniform level of yields, the advantage should be given to systems with lower level of tillage intensity, not only to reduce costs but also because of the possibility of simpler production organization due to less machine and labour requirement.