Objective: To determine oral health and degree of edentulism in elderly patients measured by DMFT index and classification of Kennedy, and to associate them to health related quality of life, nutritional status, some chronic diseases and sociodemographic variables. Material and methods: We chose a non probabilistic convenience sample of 102 patients over 60 years old with edentulism. An identification form was applied to personal data and information about diseases, and we carried out a review of the oral cavity to detect dental problems. Statistical analysis t test and one-factor ANOVA and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used, with significance level of 0.05. The statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS program version 15. Results: The DMFT index was 16.10, with an average of 1.76 decayed teeth, and 10.68 of missing teeth. With respect to the classification of Kennedy, the highest prevalence rate was seen in class III (34.3%) and I (43.1%) for upper and lower maxillary, respectively. There was a significative relationship or association between missing teeth and age, hypertension, and speaking and pronouncing correctly, and between teeth decayed and nutritional status. Conclusions: The study population had poor oral health. The only dimension of oral health related to quality of life associated with edentulism was speaking and pronouncing correctly.


Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) is a major painter in Art History; his work opened the way to numerous artistic trends of the twentieth century. However, it is important today to hand over to the man his exceptional polymorph artist dimension: as innovative ceramist, a soul sculptor, and particularly an audacious writer, for whom the encounter with French Polynesia was determining. Only a handful of his manuscripts came to us and they unveil someone longing for an intimate distant world rather than just a geographic one. His endless researches aim at a form as expressive as his convictions, which meaning surpasses by far the only accompaniment of his pictorial work. The variety of his writings is as astonishing as the modernity, the structure and the content of his works: intimate books, counter critiques, journalistic writings, pamphlets, stories, and anthologies written in an abrupt language as sharp as a blade, a sketchy style, a plain unadorned language, however dense in emotion. Paul Gauguin shows himself as a man of his time. And yet submissive to the 19th century's cliches, he leaves us with a timeless work of art, surpassing official artistic, colonial and religious constraints. His written works put forward his struggles and his quests, his certainties of creator along with the cracks of the man who liked to present himself as a doomed artist , saying out loud: "Je ne suis pas ecrivain" ("I am no writer")


The magnitude of systematic error is mostly caused from the lack of observation records of nights, when the information of general climate stations to analyse atmospheric stability with P-T method is used. In view of this information characteristics, 4 kinds of ways to approach the actual situation at 02:00 are brought forward. After validation, all the 4 kinds of ways can guarantee that the basic conclusion does not change, reaching a level corresponding to 4 hour-times, so as to relax the systematic error. This improvement is helpful to the actual work.


The search for low chill cultivars for peach production in areas with low chill accumulation (temperatures below 7.2°C) has stimulated studies about the higher temperatures effects on low chill cultivars. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of mild temperatures on flowering and leafing of 'Turmalina' and 'Agata' cultivars with low and medium low chilling requirements, respectively. Plants obtained by grafting flower twigs in the autumn, after the grafting, were submitted to chilling treatments (150, 250, 350, 500 and 672 hours) at three temperature levels (5°C, 10°C and 15°C). After the end of the treatments, the plants had been taken to greenhouse (20°C±5°C) and evaluated weekly. The results showed that satisfactory flower and leaf development occur even at temperatures as high as 15°C for a period of 150 hours, in 'Turmalina' peach. Temperatures of 10°C for a period equal or superior to 350 hours promote satisfactory leafing in 'Agata' peach. Temperatures of 10°C and 15°C cause earlier development of flowers and leaves in both cultivars when compared to 5°C.


The receptor for the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator, uPAR (CD 87), plays an important role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis of solid malignant tumors. uPAR is a highly glycosylated, glycan lipid-anchored membrane protein, consisting of three homologous domains. Each individual domain is encoded by two exons: DI by exons 2+3, DII by exons 4+5, and DIII by exons 6+7. Beside the wild-type (wt) uPAR mRNA, two splice variants either lacking exon 5 (uPAR-del5) or both exons 4 and 5 (uPARdel4/ 5) have been described. Previously, we studied expression of the mRNA variant uPAR-del4/5 and uPAR mRNA encompassing exons 2, 3, and 4 (i.e. uPAR-wt plus uPAR-del5) applying real-time RT-PCR assays for quantification of the mRNA concentration. In the present paper, we established two additional specific, robust and highly sensitive RT-PCR assays, based on the LightCycler technology, to specifically quantify either uPAR-wt or its splice variant, uPARdel5. Expression of uPAR-wt and uPAR-del5 was analyzed in different human malignant cell lines (ovarian cancer cell lines OVMZ-6 and OVMZ-10; breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB 231, MDA-MB 231 BAG, MDA-MB 435, and aMCF-7; brain tumor cell line LN 18) as well as in a set of 174 breast cancer tissue samples. uPAR-del5 mRNA was found to be expressed very frequently at a rather low level (typically less than 1% of uPAR-wt mRNA). In tumor tissue from breast cancer patients, a statistically significant correlation between uPAR-del5 and uPAR-wt mRNA (r = 0.779; P < 0.001) was observed. There was no association between the expression level of either mRNA and clinical parameters such as nodal status, tumor size and grade. In estrogen receptor negative tumors, a significantly higher uPAR-del5 expression was found (P = 0.023). The two developed quantitative RT-PCR assays described here may aid further analysis of the function and clinical relevance of uPAR-wt and one of its splice variants, uPAR-del5, in malignant tumors.


The most significant contribution to uncertainty in the measurement of photomask linewidths is the rough shape of the edge of the etched chrome lines. This uncertainty can be greatly reduced if the emulated stepper aerial image of the feature is measured instead of its geometric linewidth. That is: measure what the photomask does, not what it is. Phase-shift and other kinds of mask can be measured in the same way.


Perovskite oxides with formula ABO3 or A2BO4 are a very important class of functional materials that exhibit a range of stoichiometries and crystal structures. Because of the structural features, they could accommodate around 90% of the metallic natural elements of the Periodic Table that stand solely or partially at the A and/or B positions without destroying the matrix structure, offering a way of correlating solid state chemistry to catalytic properties. Moreover, their high thermal and hydrothermal stability enable them suitable catalytic materials either for gas or solid reactions carried out at high temperatures, or liquid reactions carried out at low temperatures. In this review, we addressed the preparation, characterization, and application of perovskite oxides in heterogeneous catalysis. Preparation is an important issue in catalysis by which materials with desired textural structure and physicochemical property could be achieved; characterization is the way to explore and understand the textura...


Background: Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is an uncommon but severe complication of hydatid disease of the liver. Operation is considered the treatment of choice but the most appropriate operation is uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early and long‐term outcomes following different surgical procedures.


Review(s) of: The television entrepreneurs: Social change and the public understanding of business, by Boyle, Raymond and Kelly, Lisa W., Ashgate, Aldershot, 2012, ISBN 9 7814 0940 3227, 184 pp., A$90.00.


Abstract Available iron (Fe) determination in calcareous soils by using commonly accepted method (DTPA+CaCl2+TEA) is not descriptive in estimating Fe concentration in plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to select appropriate methods for the evaluation of available Fe status in peaches grown in alkaline soils. Leaves and soil samples were collected from a peach orchard with trees showing various chlorosis levels. Twelve extraction methods were applied to the soils to determine the available Fe content of the soils. Total and active Fe concentrations in leaves were assayed, and a relationship was investigated among chlorosis levels, total and active Fe in the leaves, and Fe assayed by the various methods to select the most representative method. The methods of 0.05 M EDTA (pH 7.0), 1 M NH4HCO3+0.005 M DTPA (pH 7.6), 0.05 M HCl+0.012 M H2SO4 and active Fe were well correlated to visual chlorosis ratings, total and active Fe in the leaves and factors affecting Fe availability in the soils compared with other methods. Therefore, these four methods should be used for determination of available Fe status in peaches grown in different soils.


After decades of modern agricultural research, the small-scale farmer in most developing countries is still poor, and is still operating a largely traditional technology at little above subsistence level. In nearly every case, this type of farming co-exists side by side with highly capitalized commercial farms, on which wealthier farmers have adopted modern agricultural technology, with considerable success. The modern agricultural technology has not been developed with the wealthier farmer as the specific target, but nor has it been designed specifically with the poorer small-scale farmer in mind. It is always the strong who are best able to take advantage of changing circumstances and new opportunities. On the whole, agricultural research in the developing world is now benefiting those who need it least-those who are well endowed with resources and who are already practicing modern, highly productive systems of agriculture. If agricultural research is to help the small-scale farmer, there must be a selective emphasis on technology appropriate for the typical small-farm situation of scarce financial resources, poor access to information and transport, a scarcity of market outlets both for purchasing agricultural inputs and selling farm produce, and, of course, a limited land holding.


As a new extraction method, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), whose procedure has higher extraction yield, lower extracting temperature and less power consumption, was explored to extract salidroside from Ligustrum lucidum firstly. The content of salidroside was determined by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The UAE process of salidroside from L. lucidum was optimized by using central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were ethanol concentration of 74.14%, liquidsolid ratio of 30.31, extracting time of 68.14 min and the extraction efficiency of salidroside was 4.68 mg;g -1 . The results indicated that the UAE would be a novel method for extraction of salidroside from L. lucidum.


The focus of this study is on asset valuation methodologies in order to develop a "monetary" value of assets. This valuation will enable the public agencies to maximize the value of infrastructure assets by effective and proactive management. The paper discusses efforts in utilizing asset management models that can link competing objectives in underground infrastructure rehabilitation. Condition assessment, vulnerability modeling and lifecycle analysis, and pipeline valuation are discussed.


Improvement in impact simulation between vehicles and roadside safety hardware is investigated. The use DYNA3D, a nonlinear, explicit, three-dimensional, public-domain, finite-element code for vehicle impact numerical calculations is described. A preliminary example problem of a spherical impactor and a circular plate is used to model an impact between two deformable bodies. Numerical qualitative and quantitative results are compared with other known solutions. Finite element models of an actual vehicle and some examples of the roadside safety hardware are discussed. As a practical example, an impact simulation of a compact car with a light post is examined. The paper shows that even relatively small numbers of degrees of freedom used in DYNA3D program can accurately predict kinematics of highway vehicle impacts. These results conclude a preliminary feasibility study to develop the next generation of roadside safety computer software for vehicle impact simulation and analysis.


Lanthanide (Ln) high-nuclearity clusters express charming structures and extensive potential applications; nevertheless, the progress of successfully obtaining Ln clusters is still untoward. Herein, two fascinating and classical 60-metal configurations were obtained based on mixed-lanthanide and solvothermal conditions, namely [Ln60(CO3)8(μ3-OH)96(H2dmp)24(Hdmp)12] Br12(NO3)8(CH3OH)x(H2O)y (abbreviated as mixed-Ln60; for compound 1, Ln60 = Eu52.7Gd7.3, x = 8, y = 43; for compound 2, Ln60 = Eu52.2Tb7.8, x = 15, y = 30; H2dmp− or Hdmp2− = 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid = L). The crystallographic study showed that the 60-metal core of compounds 1 and 2 are protected by a single type of organic ligand without any extra auxiliary ligand to complete the coordination sphere, which are the first to be reported in the containing Ln high-nuclearity clusters. Besides, the synthesis of 1 and 2 provides a practical way to obtain more analogues of Ln high-nuclearity clusters, featuring the original structure of the metal frame, which is expected to break the ionic radius limitation in the synthesis.


The taxonomic and ecological structure of spring's zoobenthos was studied in Urals and Preduralye (Perm Prikamye). The description of zoobenthos communities is given.


A Sikh moneylender who worked as a watchman for the British firm of Paterson Simons and Company was reported missing. Tall, muscular, bearded and approximately twenty-six years of age, he was descr...


Bilinguals, compared to monolinguals, have been reported to have stronger neural representation of the fundamental frequency (F0) of speech, as measured by the frequency-following response (FFR). In monolinguals, stronger FFRs to F0 have been associated with better speech perception in noise (SPIN), suggesting that bilinguals should outperform monolinguals on SPIN tests. However, the opposite is the case: bilinguals generally underperform monolinguals. To explain such findings, Krizman et al. (2017), proposed that the bilingual brain might turn up the volume on the neural representation of sound to compensate for reduced SPIN. The current work considers this possibility using a combination of FFR and SPIN data. The Revised Speech in Noise test was administered at signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of 0 and 3 dB to young adult monolinguals (n = 17) and early bilinguals (n = 26). Unlike the monolinguals, the bilinguals showed a drop in performance when the SNR dropped. Within the bilingual group, poorer SPIN performance correlated with stronger neural responses to F0, suggesting that sensorineural areas are recruited to increase the neural gain of the acoustic representation in a manner that inversely correlates with speech comprehension. These findings give new insight into the brain-behavioral relationships for the neural encoding of sound.Bilinguals, compared to monolinguals, have been reported to have stronger neural representation of the fundamental frequency (F0) of speech, as measured by the frequency-following response (FFR). In monolinguals, stronger FFRs to F0 have been associated with better speech perception in noise (SPIN), suggesting that bilinguals should outperform monolinguals on SPIN tests. However, the opposite is the case: bilinguals generally underperform monolinguals. To explain such findings, Krizman et al. (2017), proposed that the bilingual brain might turn up the volume on the neural representation of sound to compensate for reduced SPIN. The current work considers this possibility using a combination of FFR and SPIN data. The Revised Speech in Noise test was administered at signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of 0 and 3 dB to young adult monolinguals (n = 17) and early bilinguals (n = 26). Unlike the monolinguals, the bilinguals showed a drop in performance when the SNR dropped. Within the bilingual group, poorer SPIN per...


The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against, Sogatella furcifera on rice at the Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during Kharif 2016-17. The result revealed that, the insecticides Buprofezin 25% SC @ 800 ml/ha (1.24) was best effective in reducing the population of white backed planthoppers followed by Imidacloprid 17.1% w/w SL @ 300 ml/ha (1.81), Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 100 g/ha (2.01), Imidacloprid 17.1% w/w SL @ 250 ml/ha (2.16), Confidor 200 SL (Imidacloprid 17.8% w/w SL) @ 125 ml/ha (2.41) and Imidacloprid 17.1% w/w SL @ 200 ml/ha (2.59) were found effective in reduction of WBPH, respectively. The highest yield was obtained under treatment Buprofezin 25% SC @ 800 ml/ha (68.74 q/ha) which was followed by Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 100 g/ha (66.06 q/ha) and Imidacloprid 17.1% w/w SL @ 300 ml/ha (62.05 q/ha). Furthermore, no phytotoxic effect was observed even in treatments imposed with imidacloprid 17.1% w/w SL @ 200 ml/ha, 300 ml/ha and 600 ml/ha.


A technique is described for the selection of low extractable non-starch polysaccharide content in early generations of barley breeding programmes. An estimate of extractable β-glucan is obtained from the viscosity of an extract prepared by mashing barley at 50°C in an α-amylase-papain solution. The procedure is calibrated using solutions of known concentration of β-glucan precipitated from barley extract by ethanol.


The phenomena of migraine headache and vertigo share many epidemiological, anatomical, and clinical characteristics. The historically parallel development of the neuroscience of each field has formally intersected in the development of consensus criteria for vestibular migraine and the inclusion of vestibular migraine in the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Differences exist in the temporal profile of head pain and vertigo as manifestations of migraine, which can obscure the association. However, the growing body of evidence on the common demographic, neurochemical signature, and treatment responses of pain and vestibular symptoms indicate that they exist as symptoms of a common syndrome, one which can only be fully understood by recognizing the significance of each kind of manifestation.


The person who samples for germplasm collections occupies a very narrow temporal interface between the genetic resources that history has left as our endowment, and the potential uses of those resources with which we endow the future. It is a narrow interface because the genetic resource is eroding rapidly, and because our future needs are large and unpredictable. Given the structural complexity of most plant populations and the many possible ways that they may be used in the future, it is obviously impossible to prescribe simple, optimal sampling schemes for all species. However, a single unstructured sample of modest size would be sufficient for a species that is structured simply. Such a species would have to be structured homogeneously with complete inbreeding or with independently and uniformly distributed alleles in Hardy–Weinberg genotypic frequencies. Future breeders would have to reassemble any allelic combinations. If specific alleles were identified as useful, the needed sample number might be smaller than if the allelic distribution was heterogeneous and unknown in the population and if the potential uses of many such alleles were uncertain. Unfortunately, we are usually in the latter position with respect to what is presently known about frequencies and distributions. We are often ignorant of which alleles are desirable at specific loci. Even for primary grain crops, little is known of which populations to target for sampling and enhancement for future development in breeding programs. For less-studied plant species, it is necessary to consider the biological problem of how alleles are distributed in populations and the kinds of collections that might be useful to future conservators, breeders, or other users. Nevertheless, it is possible to derive some bounds for requisite sample sizes, despite the complex factors that influence sampling design.


Two meetings were recently held in Paris and Evry under the auspices of the publically-funded research/biotech agency genopole and of the Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques. The first was a symposium, held July 8–11, 2002, which was devoted to ''Macromolecular Networks'', while the second was a workshop, which immediately followed the main meeting, July12–13, 2002, which was devoted to ''Regulatory protein interplay and traffic on DNA''. The Symposium focused on recent conceptual insights for identifying the dynamics of macromolecular interactions, the morphodynamics of biological structures and the nature of epigenetic processes. The Workshop concentrated on the control of macromolecular traffic on DNA and the interplay between regulating proteins acting on the same target gene. The sources of information for both were the rapidly growing amount of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data. Addressing these issues requires interdisciplinary approaches, a fact reflected by the variety of scientific backgrounds of both speakers and audience. In this report, we shall attempt to capture some of the spirit of these meetings, rather than trying to give a detailed summary of the findings; we apologize for any involuntary misor under-representations. Both meetings were coorganized with Paul Bourgine (CREA, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique) and Misha Gromov (IHES). Macromolecular networks come in three major flavours: metabolic networks, where interactions mostly involve enzymatic proteins and small molecules or metabolites protein– protein interaction networks and genetic networks, where regulatory proteins interact with promoter regions on DNA. These networks were analyzed in different talks from the physiological, comparative and informational angles. The dominant view in biotechnology is that the phenotype/ genotype relationship can be solved by appropriate population genetic-statistical treatments, especially in multigenic diseases. The first speaker, David Weatherall (Univ. of Oxford), however, began by giving us a salutary tour of wellstudied monogenic diseases, thalassaemias, where this relationship still defies our full comprehension. Indeed, the findings show that even these so called monogenic diseases can behave as both polygenic conditions and environmentally triggered conditions. Evidently, even ''simple'' genetic diseases can show unwonted biological complexity. John Tyson (Virginia Polytechnic Inst.) followed this first talk and described a mathematical model of the cell cycle in fission yeast that integrates most factual observations in wild-type and mutant cells. Using dynamical systems, he analysed the cell cycle arrest points and transitions in terms of steady states and bifurcations, respectively. AdamArkin (Univ. of California at Berkeley) emphasized the interest of breaking down some of the regulatory networks into recognizable engineering functions, which can be done irrespective of the identities of their constituent genes. He described chemotaxis in neutrophil cells, where protein interactions are involved in sensing bacterial invaders and inducing actin contraction to target the movement of the cell towards bacteria. This example illustrated well a new level of complexity not previously seen in model chemotactic systems in bacteria. Stanislas Leibler (Rockefeller Univ.) discussed how spatio-temporal precision can be built by the working of genetic networks. His group's analysis of the morphogen gradients involved in the first steps of segmental patterning in Drosophila has revealed that, in early fly development, the noise in their positional information decreases between the first and second step of the transcriptional cascade. In effect, one property of complex transcriptional networks might be their general refinement (noise reduction) through successive rounds of operation. PrzemyslawPrusinkiewicz (Univ. of Calgary) outlined the use of Lindenmayer-systems as a framework in modelling. He described recent progress on incorporating gene action into


In this paper, an improved single-photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) equivalent circuit model is proposed. As a high-performance optoelectronic device, SPAD has a wide range of applications in optical communication, biomedical and quantum communication, etc. Establishing the SPAD equivalent circuit model is crucial for the analysis and use of SPAD performance because EDA tools can direct the design and optimization of photodetection systems. In order to make the simulation of photocurrent behavior more compatible with the actual scenario, this paper adopts segmented modeling of SPAD photocurrent and uses approximate fitting function to solve the problem of non-convergence in simulation analysis. Additionally, in this study, current control switches are used to replicate the SPAD's avalanche state in response to a change in photocurrent and to provide more accurate avalanche control. To address the problem that the junction capacitance of the SPAD varies with the voltage between the anode and cathode, this paper uses ABM devices to build an accurate and portable model of the voltage-variable junction capacitance, which can improve simulation accuracy.


IN a recent paper [Martland, Hansman and Robison, 1924] it was shown that when defibrinated blood is kept for 2-3 hours at 380 in the presence of small quantities of added acid, or in an atmosphere containing excess of C02, the concentration of inorganic phosphate is increased owing to enzymic hydrolysis of the phosphoric esters present in the blood. Conversely, additions of small amounts of alkali, or ventilation of the blood with C02-free air, gave rise under similar conditions to a synthesis of phosphoric ester with reduction in the amount of free phosphate, an observation which has been made independently by Lawaczeck [1924]. From these experiments it was suspected that the regulating mechanism which determines the activity of the esterase might prove to be the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood, but accurate estimations of pH were not at that time made. The object of the present work was to make a closer study of this relationship, and to determine whether such changes in reaction as might be found to affect the equilibrium between the hydrolytic and synthetic activities of the enzyme are those which might occur in the blood of the living organism.


reign of Henry VIII (1518), anld the first London Pharmnacopoeia was introduced in 1618. Tllat productioni didc not err on the side of condensation; it comiiprised 1,028 siwples and 932 preparations and comipounds; 211 of these preparations lhad more than ten ingredients in each. Sollme of tlle item-ls used were as folloNvs: Worms, frog's spawn, fox's lungs (tlhis was a popular rlilemdy for asthmiia in time form of a syrup), blood of the badger, bull, cat, dog, goose, liare, mian, bones of the liare, pig, stau, and tlle trianguilar bone of time humnan slkuill. ' Liquor cranii liunanii" was a highly prized reemedy; it was prepared from unburied skulls, those of crimiiinals for preference. The idruggists in London sold skulls upon whiclh lhad grown a little greenish maoss because it resenmbled the mi1oss w hiclh grows Cn the oak. These skulls mostly came from Ireland, where they frequently let the bodies of the criminals hang on the gibbet till they fell to pieces. The mlarket 1)1rice of skulls at that time varied in London from-i 8s. to lls. eaclh; those with plenty of moss on made fancy prices. Also used were coral white anid red, crabs' claws, crabs' eyes, crayfish, cuttlefish, excrements of the cow, liorse, mouse, pigeon, sheep, and wolf; powders of precious stones, pearls in particular; viper's flesh. Both in ancient ancd modern times vipers have been held in the highest esteem for their medicinal virtues; vipers' fat, vipers' wine, are used to-this day in sonie remote parts of Britain. Vipers used in medicine were of the common variety, commonly known to-day as adders, Viperaccomnmtunis. Quincy (1728) had great confidence in their virtues. He wrote: Thiat tlhey are Balsamic and greatly Restorative is confirmed by: long experience, for we have many instances in Physical Histories of persons arriviing at ain healthful olId age by their frequent use.


Helium is very suitable to investigate the highpressure behavior since no dissociation equilibrium between molecules and atoms interferes with the ionization equilibrium, and the first (24.6 eV) and second ionization energy (54.4 eV) are well separated. Surprisingly, only few experimental and theoretical studies exist for warm dense helium [1, 2, 3, 4]. We have performed quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations by using the finte temperature [5], plane wave density functional code VASP (Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package) [6]. The ions are treated clasically within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the all electron wave function is relaxed at each QMD step, which assumes decoupled electronic and ionic time scales. QMD simulations are a powerful tool to calculate the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of warm dense matter. Details of this method have been described elsewhere [6, 7]. We consider 32 to 64 atoms in the simulation box and periodic boundary conditions in order to simulate a canonical ensemble [8]. The all electron wave function is calculated using the projector augmented wave potentials [9] supplied with VASP [6]. The exchange-correlation functional is calculated within generalized gradient approximation [10]. Results for the EOS of warm dense helium are given in Fig. 1. The isotherms of the pressure behave very systematically with temperature and density and show no indications of an instability such as the plasma phase transition at lower temperatures, contrary to results derived within the chemical picture [3, 4].


Abstract The year 1519 was particularly important in the history of Poznań, due to the foundation of a new school – the Lubrański Academy, the first humanities school in Poland, which was founded on the basis on the best models of Renaissance education, with teachers such as Krzysztof Hegendorfer and Benedykt Herbest. In the 16th century, the Academy was considered to be a competitor to the Krakow Academy, which it ultimately became affiliated with in the beginning of the 17th century. The relationship with the university in Krakow ensured the stability of the Poznań Academy, as well as access to a staff of experienced teachers, and a curriculum widely respected by the society – distinguished in Poland with its practical approach to preparing young people to work in various state roles, especially in the field of law and – like other educational institutions – preparing them for cultural life as well. The affiliation with the Krakow Academy also had its downsides – during the education reforms taking place during the Enlightenment, the Lubrański Academy maintained a conservative and apprehensive stance, while introducing a number of modern solutions, in particular in the field of teaching modern foreign languages.


A study of the results obtained after irradiation of the initiating primary lesions in epithelioma of the skin, and epithelioma of the uterine cervix allows the following conclusions: adding up the total number of lesions persisting after irradiation, and the early and the late recurrences, no more than 4% of the cases treated in both groups is obtained, provided an adequate treatment has been applied. These failures can not be attributed to the histopathological type. Nor can it be centified that some are due to a primary radioresistance of the irradiated primary lesion; the very existence of such a radioresistance seems uncertain. The more numerous failures of the past and even those of today seem to be due to an insufficiency of the methods or to technical errors, a combination of both being, of course, always possible. The pant played by the dose delivered to the lesions has been clearly demonstrated in epithelioma of the skin; local failures diminishing progressively with increasing doses. (auth)


BS>Thermal, microstructure, and x-ray analyses were made of the Y--Sn system, and a constitution diagram was constructed with 30, 40, 70, and 90 at.% Sn. It was shown that tin solubility in solid yttrium does not exceed 1 wt% Sn and maximum yttrium solubility in tin is 0.3 wt%. (R.V.J.)


The relationship between the northward interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) and the reverse geomagnetic disturbance is established by using the ground-observed geomagnetic data and the satellite-observed interplanetary magnetic data. It is shown that when Bz is strong positively the reverse geomagnetic disturbance appears localized in the daytime near the geomagnetic pole in the local summer polar cap. Its ionospheric current near the geomagnetic pole flows toward the nightside i. e. reversely to the ordinary direction, its current system is a twin-vortex type, and the current vortices are located at latitudes higher than and neighbouring upon the auroral oval in the daytime. Its current is intensified there but weakened in the other regions. The time lag of the reverse geomagnetic disturbance behind the Bz variation is about 20 minutes. Its ionospheric current is considered to be due to a convection of magnetospheric plasma in the domain of the open magnetic field connected with the latitudes surrounded with the auroral oval, which is forced by the solar wind plasma.


The utility model relates to a collecting and utilizing system for roof rainwater filtered by a high filter chamber. The collecting and utilizing system comprises a rainwater dropping pipe, a perforating horizontal pipe, a high filter chamber, a clean water basin, a water outlet pipe and a valve well, wherein the perforating horizontal pipe is mounted at the bottom of the rainwater dropping pipe; the perforating horizontal pipe is located in the high filter chamber; the high filter chamber and the clean water basin are connected through a connecting pipe; a diving pump is arranged at one end of the water outlet pipe; a control valve is mounted on the water outlet pipe; the control valve is accommodated in the valve well; and the diving pump is located at the bottom of the clean water basin. A user can utilize the collecting and utilizing system for roof rainwater filtered by the high filter chamber provided by the utility model to collect clean rainwater in rainy season and can utilize the collected clean rainwater to perform the operations of greening, sprinkling, irrigating, and the like, after the rain stops, so as to fully recycle and utilize the water resource.


Genome-wide and focused CRISPR/Cas9 screens for SHP2i resistance in multiple cancer lines identified novel in vitro and in vivo resistance genes. Deletion of these genes results in ERK activation and cross-resistance to FLT3-ITD/BCR-ABL inhibition in FLT3-ITD or BCR-ABL–driven AML lines.


Hermann Glauert was born on October 4, 1892, in Sheffield, where his father, Louis Glauert, was a cutlery manufacturer. Louis Glauert was a naturalized British citizen of German birth, who settled in England when a young man. His wife was an Englishwoman, who was born in Germany. Hermann Glauert was educated at King Edward V Il'ths School, Sheffield, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was elected to a scholarship in 1910. Among the men of his year were C. LI. Bullock, D. H. Pinsent, and G. P. Thomson, to name only those who later took part in the development of aeronautics. He led a normal, happy, and satisfying University life. He walked and talked, played lawn tennis well, and chess very well, and was an active member of an ephemeral society formed to read plays. It is said by one of his friends that his unusual mental powers might not have been fully realized at the time had he not been one of a party that played bridge regularly for three years on Sunday evenings, before the game had become a business. Glauert's score mounted rapidly and steadily at the expense—fortunately small— of the rest of the party.


This article makes a contribution towards understanding the correlation between Úgwú (hill or mountain) and personal names among the Igbo people of Nigeria. Sacralisation of the natural environment which include hills or mountains is a belief that cuts across religions. Among the Igbo, the perceived sacred value placed on such natural environment prompted a series of socio-cultural changes. Personal names are usually drawn from deified entities such as the earth, sun, rivers, and so on. Studies on Igbo personal names portrayed the environmental determinant for personal names in different Igbo-subcultures. However, the pattern of Nsukka-Igbo names, influenced specifically by Úgwú has hardly gotten any scholarly attention. This study, therefore, provided evidence that Úgwú is the single most environmental element that shaped the culture of naming among the Nsukka-Igbo people with its psycho-social and economic implications. Drawing from the theory of sacralisation, which stresses on placing religious values on objects, this article showed that the deified Úgwú environment influenced an unprecedented frequency and exclusive nature of Úgwú personal names in the study area. Documentary research, observation and interview methods were used to collect and analyse secondary, as well as primary data for this study. The article drew attention to the increasing influence of Úgwú on personal names in Nsukka-Igbo, and its effects which include the conservation of the environment occasioned by the deification of Úgwú.Contribution: This article shows that the deification of natural environment of Úgwú influenced the increasing frequency of Úgwú personal names and its associated variants among the Nsukka-Igbo people of Nigeria.


This paper presents a method for calculating optimum values of stabilizing proportionalintegral-derivative(PID) controller for interval plants using particle swarm optimization(PSO) technique. This method is based on plotting the stability boundary locus in the (Kp,Ki)-plane for fixed Kd and then compute the stability region of PID controllers. Once the stability region of Kp,Ki locus is obtained, the best possible PID controller parameters are computed using PSO technique. The proposed method has got advantages like, It does not require sweeping over the parameters and also does not need a linear programming to solve set of inequalities over existing methods. To show the efficacy of the proposed method, a typical unstable fixed coefficient and interval plant is considered and simulated in MATLAB.The simulation results obtained by the proposed method are successfully verified. © 2013 Elixir All rights reserved ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 11 October 2013; Received in revised form: 5 December 2013; Accepted: 17 December 2013;


The Sivashinsky integral equation, modelling the hydrodynamic instability of the outward propagating flame has exact solutions that can be derived by a modified method of pole decomposition.


During the past two decades, shifting discourses have significantly altered professional expectations for educational leaders. Driven by a globalized reconfiguration of the values defining educational purpose, definitions of effective leadership, processes for evaluating them, and the very boundaries of educational policy have narrowed and distilled. Specifically, policy vocabularies focused around marketization and choice, management and surveillance, and performativity and accountability have permeated federal and state educational policies in the USA. This article considers the inscription of these policy vocabularies within the Obama/Duncan Administration's Blueprint for Reform: The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (Blueprint) and Race to the Top (R2T), paying specific attention to the evaluation of public school leaders and determinations of their effectiveness. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, we examined federal and state education policy and highlight how dominant policy discourses have created new parameters for educational leadership along with narrowed conceptualizations of the evaluation of public school principals at state and local levels. Based on our findings, we argue that today, more than ever before, scholars must draw attention to the ways in which the values that traditionally shaped education policy are being displaced by globalized neoliberal discourses.


The popularisation of fingerprinting localisation technology has been hindered because of two major hurdles: (i) the accuracy bottleneck caused by unreliable location fingerprints and (ii) the huge effort required to construct a fingerprints database (or radio map) for the targeted area. To tackle the two problems, the authors propose an effective solution in this work. First, they exploit channel state information, which is a parameter depicting the frequency response of each subchannel, to design the location fingerprint, striving to eliminate the interferences of the complex indoor environment. Second, they propose an efficient construction scheme leveraging the matrix completion theory to improve the calibration efficiency, and employ a Bayes rule-based fingerprint matching method to implement location estimation. Finally, they evaluate the authors' localisation system in two typical scenarios, and the numerical results show that the proposal ensures superior performance while reducing the workload significantly.


The purpose of the study was to demonstrate particular legal and objective reasons for necessity and expediency of legal regulation advancement, development and usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Ukraine. Chapter 1 «Understanding of Artificial Intelligence» gives examples of AI applications, doctrinal and diverse legal definitions of AI. Chapter 2 «Necessity and Expediency of legal regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine» shows the necessity of legal regulation, exemplifies the gaps in current legislation. This Chapter demonstrates that it is paramount to establish protection of IP rights within AI legal relationships in Ukraine. Also, Chapter 2 analyzes particular issues in AI and national, international and social security, questions of data protection. Chapter 3 «Conclusion» demonstrates that absence of specific AI regulation could potentially lead to numerous problems in public/private sectors, for economics, businesses, civilians.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence (AI), legal regulation of AI, intellectual property (IP) protection, national security, protection of human rights and freedoms, data protection.


A permanently solderable palladium-nickel plating alloy coating comprises an electrically conductive substrate, esp. a contact on which are electroplated (A) a first alloy layer of 46-82 wt.% Pd and 18-54 wt.% Ni and (B) a second continuous layer, covering the first layer, of 96-100 wt.% Pd and 0-4 wt.% Ni, this layer being upto 20 angstroms thick. The coating effectivelly has reduced contact resistance at low loads.


Purpose – It is aiming at finding tribology performance laws and mechanism of sintering materials, including new materials, which are popular or potential materials of mechanical seals working under water condition with different working parameters, involving load and sliding speed. Design/methodology/approach – Falex-1506 tribo-machine has been used. The upper sample is rotated against the stationary sample below. They are all rings. The samples are WNV2, sintered pressureless bonded; CHV1, graphite-added PLSiC; R, sintered reaction bonded; R2, graphite-added RBSiC, cemented carbide YN6 and graphite MSMG. Twenty kinds of hard/hard and soft/hard pairs were tested under water condition. Then, SEM was used to observe the sliding surface to explain their rubbing mechanism. Findings – Friction coefficients decrease with the load increasing under water lubrication due to water holding by small holes on their surface. But the friction coefficients have no change with the varying of velocity. The hard alloy/sint...


Abstract The significance of the process skill of observation cannot be overemphasized in the teaching and learning of school science to which the provision of explanations about natural phenomena in the world is central. The study investigated the supposition that observational skills can be influenced by students' belief in traditional African cosmology, beliefs and superstitions. Data were collected from 319 pre‐degree science students from one of the Nigerian universities using the Traditional Cosmology Test (TCT) and the Test of Observational Skills (TOS). The results showed that students with a high level of belief in African traditional cosmology, made significantly fewer correct observations (p < 0.001) in comparison with those with a low level of belief. There is a strong possibility, as interviews with a random selection of subjects show, that traditional cosmology could have been a major factor responsible for this performance difference in observation. The results of the study have significant...


The performance of superconductive electronic devices gets greatly impaired by magnetic interferences and noise from various external sources. rt can be alleviated by using the $uperconductive shiel d envelopi ng the devices. The conventionaL shieLd materiaLs, Like Pb and Nb, have intrinsic noise problem and usually oPerate at liquid helium temperature. lrJe have investigated the performance of YBCO-PbS supercondu.ctors with Tc above Iiquid nitrogen temperature, &s a shield material. 0ur ear L ier repor ts revealed, at least, a three fol d i ncrease i n mechanical strength of this material over pure YBco.


Soursop (Annona muricata L.), a climacteric fruit which is rich in bioactive compounds for use its in medicine. It produces an aromatic, sweet-sour and pleasant taste. However, there is a limitation in the fruit being able to reach distant markets. Its quick ripening and accentuated softening properties make it difficult to handle without damage and shorten its postharvest life. In order to reduce lost value during storage life, this study aims to investigate the effect of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the fruit's postharvest life including its physiological and physiochemical characteristics. Selected soursop fruits were harvested at 16 weeks after pollination and treated with various concentrations of 1-MCP (0, 400, 800 and 1200 nL/L) at 15°C + 3°C for 24 h and subsequently being stored at ambient temperature (25°C + 3°C). Observations on various physical, physiological, biochemical and antioxidants parameters were recorded at a two-day intervals 6 days of storage. The results showed that respiration rate and ethylene production in 1-MCP treated fruit were lower than those in the control batches. Further, the pulp of 1-MCP treated fruits remained firm and colour was retained throughout the observation period. Soursop treated at different 1-MCP concentration (0, 400, 800 and 1200 nL/L) showed that fruit treated with 400 nL/L had better ripe fruit quality. In addition, 1-MCP treated fruits were able to normally soften at day six after storage. However, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of fruits from all treatments were found inconsistent during storage.


This letter proposes a microwave planar sensor for the characterization of magnetodielectric materials. The sensor is designed by loading microstrip lines with complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). Two patches are connected to the microstrip lines to couple with the CSRRs, and a pair of 50-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> resistors are in series with the lines to provide a notch. The designed sensor can extract the permittivity and permeability of the magnetodielectric materials simultaneously. A prototype of the designed sensor is fabricated and measured for validation of characterizing the magnetodielectric materials.


English translation © 2011 M.E. Sharpe, Inc., from the Ukrainian. "Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the Case of the Constitutional Petition of the President of Ukraine with Regard to the Conformity to the Constitution of Ukraine (Constitutionality) of the Provisions of Articles 12.3, paragraph 3 of 12.4, 12.6, 12.7, and 12.8 of the Law of Ukraine 'On the Use of Nuclear Energy and Radiation Safety,' Article 1.7 of the Law of Ukraine 'On the System of Taxation,' and paragraph 2 of Section II.3 of the 'Concluding Provisions' of the Law of Ukraine 'On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine with Regard to the Arrangement of Matters of Social Protection of the Population Residing on the Territory of an Observation Zone of Enterprises Extracting and Reprocessing Uranium Ore, Nuclear Installations, and Facilities Intended for Handling Radioactive Wastes.'" Available at www.ccu.gov.ua/uk/doccatalog/list?currDir=114489/. Translated by Robert J. Valliere. Statutes and Decisions, vol. 46, no. 1, January–February 2011, pp. 46–53. © 2011 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 1061–0014/2011 $9.50 + 0.00. DOI 10.2753/RSD1061-0014460106


Abstract The on-Line Earthnet Data Availability (LEDA) databank is a catalogue of imagery recorded by the sensors onboard the Landsat and TIROS (NOAA 9 and 10) satellites. Traditionally, online catalogues of this type have been searched by information specialists on behalf of the data user, a situation which can lead to delays. The authors feel that the LEDA databank combines the advantages of being both relatively inexpensive and easy to search. Thus the data user can search the databank.


Virtual environments offer some useful advantages over the real world, for example the ability to jump to anywhere within the environment at the click of a mouse button. Moving around a 3D environment using mouse movements alone can be a time consuming and tedious process, and therefore it is necessary to have a means of decreasing the effort and increasing the accuracy of navigation. But if all movement in the virtual environment is replaced by teleporting directly to a destination, how are users going to develop knowledge of the spatial organisation of the environment? The authors discuss some of the reasons why spatial awareness of a virtual environment is important to the user's experience and suggest three concepts for navigation aids that can encourage this awareness, and how they could be implemented in virtual environments.


This chapter introduces the concept of duties to the self, situating it within our everyday thought and talk, as well as within the history of moral philosophy. Contemporary dismissals of self-duty are discussed, as are contemporary Kantian attempts to appeal to the notion without vindicating it, and it is concluded that there exists a need for a comprehensive defense of duties to the self. The chapter concludes by noting the lack of discussion of self-duty within political philosophy, and by raising the possibility of paternalistic law justified through appeal to state-enforced duties to the self.


VARIOUS FORMS of the enzyme ribonuclease have been purified from pancreatic extracts. Three of these which differ in their chemical composition have been designated as RNase A , RNase B and RNase D . Bacterial RNase T , has also been purified. The most common form, RNase A , is now available commercially in crystalline or lyophilized, salt-free preparations. Although our amino-acid analyses of these two preparations are identical, their spectroscopic and photochemical behavior differ appreciably. Some of these variations are observed in samples obtained from one supplier as well as those purchased from different companies. These differences first became important when a recent measurement of the photochemical yields (+) for lyophilized material [ I] from Worthington Biochemical Corporation (Freehold, N.J.) was twice as large as the comparable value reported by Setlow and Doyle[Z] for crystalline samples from Armowr and Company (Chicago) irradiated at 265 nm; whereas there was good agreement for irradiations done at 254 and 280 nm. Accordingly, various properties of 73 p M solutions of crystalline and lyophilized preparations [from both Worthington and Calbiochem (Los Angeles)] dissolved in 0.05 M phosphate buffer of pH 5.0 have been investigated and compared with previous results (Table 1). The molar extinction coefficient, E ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ = 4400, of solutions made from crystalline RNase (all the present values are corrected for moisture in the powders) and measured at 254 nm agreed with the values reported by White[3], Luse and McLaren[4] and Augenstein and Riley[5]: this is much larger than the value of E ~ ~ ~ , ~ . ~ = 3700 which is the sum of the molar extinction coefficients for the constituent amino acids at the same wavelength. By contrast the egS4, lyoph = 3700 for the lyophilized preparations supplied by both companies is identical with the E ~ ~ ~ , ~ , ~ . . Similar differences in the various preparations of other proteins have also been noted[6]. The values for the molar extinction coefficient at 277 nm reportedby others differ considerably among themselves and from the present data. McLaren et a1.[7] and Shugar[8] assumed a molecular weight of 15,000 whereas the currently accepted molecular weight for RNase is 13,700. Correcting for this gives values of E~~~ = 9600 and 10,000 respectively. White[3] and Bigelow[9] also reported a value of 9800. In the present investigation the observed value of cZT7 = 9100 for the lyophilized preparation agrees closely with the E~~~ = 9300 for the crystalline preparation. Further, the present value is only 8 per cent higher than the sum of the extinction coefficients for the constituent amino acids, E277,a.a. 8500. This fairly close agreement indicates that there are few impurities present which -


This report describes the development and evaluation of a Java-based interactive visual workspace, with accompanying tutorials, to help psychology undergraduates acquire an intuitive understanding of analysis of variance (ANOVA). The user is presented with two normal distributions and a sliding control allowing variation of the difference in group means, relative skewness and kurtosis. The distributions are generated algorithmically in real time to allow for a wide range of adjustments. An experimental group (n = 56) used the dynamic workspace while a control group (n = 52) studied a paper copy, both for 45 minutes. Performance on a 10 item multiple choice test was compared between groups, after no delay and after one hour, but, despite an overall mean correct score of 6.54 items, there were no significant condition effects. Subjective preference responses also did not discriminate between the groups. However, the cohort taking part in the evaluation study (i.e., the experimental and control groups combined) outperformed the cohort of the previous year on pertinent questions in the formal module examination. In conclusion, while there was no advantage to student learning of online interactive over static paper versions of the workspace, exposure to the materials created may have improved module examination performance. The research is continuing and the workspace is freely available from the Higher Education Academy Psychology Network website.


A flying head is described which is suitable for use with stretched surface recording (SSR) disks. Data is presented on the flying height and dynamic stability of the head on SSR disks rotating at 3600 rpm. Stable head flight is observed to within 2 mm of the rims of the disk. The flying height at the gap is .13 to .15 μm over a wide range of disk tension and head radial position.


The brain is an organ rich in lipids, which are involved in the structure and function of cell membranes. The glycerophospholipids in the brain contain a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). An emerging interest in treating neuropsychological disorders with omega 3 PUFA has led to clinical studies in this area and elucidation of the possible mechanisms of action of these PUFA.


The author posits that greed and insensitivity to the needs of others are corrosive values that have engendered the global economic crisis. Examples are cited to support the thesis that it is primarily an ethics crisis that has resulted in the distortion of the US economy, such that the middle class is sliding into poverty while the wealthiest 1 per cent is ever more powerful and wealthy. The irony of the predatory capitalism (as distinct from stakeholderbased capitalism) being practised is that it is ultimately self-destructive to the practitioners. The unsustainability of the present system is discussed along with solutions, including stakeholder management, corporate and personal altruism and spiritual awakening.


In working with econometric models, it may be desired to find values of policy (instrument) variables which are consistent with specified levels of target variables. Tinbergen's work on economic policy,' for instance, frequently involves solving a set of linear structural equations for those values of the instrument variables which will produce desired levels of the target variables. Since Tinbergen worked with linear models, a straightforward matrix inversion is all that is needed to obtain the requisite values of the instrument variables. This approach cannot, however, be employed in mediumto large-sized nonlinear models such as the FRBMIT-PENN (FMP) model. The purpose of this note is to bring to the attention of researchers working with models of this sort a fairly simple means-the secant method-of finding values of instrument variables which are consistent with specified levels of target variables. This method is described in Section III. In Section II we discuss briefly an alternative method of solving this problem, by renormalization of relevant equations, which may be useful in some simple cases. We shall illustrate in each case by reference to our work with the FMP model (version 4.1). Descriptions of the model are available in the literature ;2 we need only note that it is a fairly large, nonlinear dynamic econometric model with 66 stochastic equations and 171 endogenous variables. When the Gauss-Seidel method3 is used in solving it,


Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides are used in EMC measurements for immunity and emission tests. The paper describes a newly developed TEM waveguide, the S-LINE. Test cells known so far can be regarded as widened unsymmetrical coaxial lines with the EUT subjected to the electromagnetic field between the inner and outer conductor. By contrast the S-LINE essentially consists of symmetrical two-wire TEM lines that are arranged in an electrically shielded enclosure. By generating the field with a symmetrical line the cell offers a larger test volume than that of conventional cells. The S-LINE can be employed in the frequency range 150 kHz to 1 GHz and can used for precertification emission and immunity testing during the development of a product.


We describe the long-term evolution of compact systems of terrestrial planets, using a set of simulations that match the statistical properties of the observed exoplanet distribution. The evolution is driven by tidal dissipation in the planetary interiors, but the systems evolve as a whole due to secular gravitational interactions. We find that, for Earth-like dissipation levels, planetary orbits can be circularised out to periods of order 100 days, an order of magnitude larger than is possible for single planets. The resulting distribution of eccentricities is a qualitative match to that inferred from transit timing variations, with a minority of non-zero eccentricities maintained by particular secular configurations. The coupling of the tidal and secular processes enhance the inward migration of the innermost planets in these systems, and can drive them to short orbital periods. Resonant interactions of both the mean motion and secular variety are observed, although the interactions are not strong enough to drive systemic instability in most cases. However, we demonstrate that these systems can easily be driven unstable if coupled to giant planets on longer period orbits.


An important ore-forming regularity concerning the alkaline metasomatism in literature has been long neglected. In the past 30 years, the authors have gradually found out that the alkaline metasomatic process constitutes the crucial ore-forming mechanism, as evidenced by the following facts: ① the whole hydrothermal process starts with the alkaline metasomatism (the introduction of K+ and Na+ to the altered rocks); ② this process provides ore sources by leaching and extracting of ore components from pathway rocks through metasomatism; ③ the process can promote the hydrothennal solution transition from alkaline to acidic by the exhaustion of K+ and Na+ in the solution and the destruction of the stable migration forms of ore components, thus resulting in their precipitation; ④ alkaline metasomatic rocks become very porous, which is favorable for the introduction and penetration of ore-forming solution and provides ore and oil- gas traps. New evidence is given in this paper which shows that the metasomatic hydrothermal solution is derived from deep alkali-rich mantle fiuids (A-HACONS flow).


Total RNA was extracted from petals of 'Luoyang Hong' tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa)with CTAB method,and a pair of degenerated primer was designed based on the reported conserved amino acid sequence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase(ACO).A cDNA fragment with 821 bp was amplified by RT-PCR,and then full length of it,named Ps-ACO1(GenBank No.DQ337251),was obtained by RACE and sequence spliced.Sequence analysis indicated that Ps-ACO1 is 1 221 bp in full length and contains a 939 bp open reading frame flanking by a 65 bp 5'-non-translation region and a 217 bp 3'-non-translation region,and encodes a 312 predicated amino acid residues which shared more than 80% homology with ACO of tobacco,apple,peach and so on.


Abstract β′-sialon powder was synthesised using kaolin of different chemical compositions by carbothermal reduction–nitridation. The products were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results show that when the ratio m(SiO2)/m(Al2O3) is large, the Z value is small, and when the ratio m(SiO2)/m(Al2O3) decreases, the Z value tends to increase. Single crystal phase β-sialon powder was obtained when the m(SiO2)/m(Al2O3) ratio in kaolin was around 1.55.


Interference is an inherent property of wireless multihop networks. Adding interference-awareness to their control functions can significantly enhance the overall network performance. In this paper we present an analytical model for the probability that a transmission destined to an arbitrary network node is successful in the presence of interference from other nodes in the network. We introduce the concept of interference areas and interference zones to express this probability as a function of the network density, node transmission probability, radio propagation environment, and network card reception sensitivity. Our derivation includes a simpleMAC model, which captures the carrier sense function of many MAC protocols. Contrary to measurementbased models, our derivation only requires information that is locally available to the nodes, avoiding all measurement-related pitfalls. The validation of our model against experiments in a real testbed, set up for this purpose in our indoor office environment, shows good match of the experimental results with the analytical predictions. Interestingly our model predictions follow closely those of more elaborate state-of-the-art analytical models. Finally, to demonstrate the real utility of our model, we have implemented on our testbed a routing metric that explicitly takes interference into account via our derivation. The throughputs of the resulting routes compare favorably with those achieved by a well-known probe-based routing metric.


This study investigated the possibility of racial bias in one of the few extant life satisfaction measures appropriate for children and adolescents, the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1991a). Participants were 115 Black and 106 White adolescents in Grades 8 through 12. There was no evidence of bias with respect to reliability, factorial validity, or concurrent validity.


Pressure separation is usually controlled by the following factors, such as subsidence rate, sediment types and diagenesis during the diagenetic evolution, as a result the pressure gradient is uncontinuous. According to the variation of gradient pressure structure can be divided. Pressure separation controlled the petroleum accumulation and distribution to a certain degree. This paper illustrated the viewpoint by example of petroleum reservoirs in Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin.


The twin quasar QSO 0957 + 561 A,B along with bright radio arches and VLBI structures is modeled using a gravitational lens consisting of the giant elliptical galaxy and the background cluster. The effective time-delay between components A and B comes out to be around one year, which is significantly different from the value obtained by Young et al. for a similar set of lens parameters. It is demonstrated that the observed intensity variation in component B between 1979 and mid-1981, reported by Keel (1982) can result from minilensing by low mass stars.


Deep learning (DL) methods have achieved impressive performance for pansharpening in recent years. However, because of poor generalization, most DL methods achieve unsatisfactory performance for data acquired by sensors not considered during the training phase and decreased performance for samples at full resolution (FR). To solve this issue, we propose a data augmentation framework for pansharpening neural networks (PNNs). Specifically, we introduce first a random spatial degradation based on anisotropic Gaussian-shaped modulation transfer functions (MTFs) to increase the generalization with respect to different spatial models and sensors. Then, considering that various sensors have different ground sampling distances (GSDs), we randomly rescale the GSD of the training samples to improve the generalization with respect to spatial resolution. Thanks to this module, the generalization to tests from different sensors and samples at FR can easily be achieved. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach with better performance when data for training are decoupled with the ones for testing and comparable performance when training and testing are coupled (i.e., data acquired by the same sensor are considered in the two phases). Besides, performance at FR for PNNs is improved by the proposed approach. The proposed approach has been integrated into existing PNNs showing satisfactory performance for widely used sensors, including, GaoFen-1 (GF1), QuickBird (QB), WorldView-2 (WV2), WorldView-3 (WV3), IKONOS (IK), Spot-7, GeoEye, and PHR1A.


Aim: To determine the value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index and De-Ritis ratio, which are among preoperative whole blood and biochemical parameters, in the diagnosis of testicular tumor.
Materials and Methods: The data of patients who underwent inguinal orchiectomy for testicular tumor in our clinic between October 2010 and December 2019 and patients who underwent varicocelectomy, as a control group, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with missing data, under 18 years of age or with additional morbidity were excluded from the present study. Prediction values for NLR, PLR, LMR, SII index and De-Ritis ratio were determined and the value of these parameters in the diagnosis of testicular tumor was examined.
Results: Thirty-four (14.1%) patients underwent inguinal orchiectomy while 207 (85.9%) patients underwent varicocelectomy in the present study. The median age of the patients during surgery was 27 (23-32) years. The number of patients with seminoma, mixt germ cell tumor, yolk sac tumor and embryonal carcinoma was 18 (52.9%), 12 (35.3%), 3 (8.8%) and 1 (2.9%), respectively. It was determined that 61.8% of the patients with testicular tumors were in the T2 stage and 35.3% had metastasis. The cut-off values for NLR, PLR, LMR and SII index were determined as 1.76, 133.43, 7.81 and 571.63, respectively. There was no statistically significant cut-off value for De-Ritis ratio (p = 0.183). The only significant factor for predicting testicular tumor was SII index in multivariate analysis (p


This paper studied the starch of germination maize between shearing speed and apparent viscidity in different temperature and density, calculated the consistency coefficients (K) and rheology index (n). Experimental indicated that with the minuteness of germination starch, starch viscidity have greatly dependent relatively on temperature. It decreased with the increasing of temperature, but the attenuation of starch was not obvious. Besides, the rising rheology index of temperature is changed relatively greatly, lean to the fluid of Newton; the increasing of the density enabled sprouting the starch of maize keeping good pseudoplastic.


This study aims to examine the influence of creditor stakeholder pressure, media coverage and industry groups on the quality of corporate social and environmental disclosure. This research analysis uses a panel data regression analysis method. The research sample consisted of 85 companies that go public PROPER participants who are consistent every year and are listed on the IDX for the period 2014-2018. The results found that the industry group, company size, and profitability as a control variable has a positive effect on the quality of social disclosure and the environment. The results also showed that the pressure from creditor stakeholders and coverage the media has no effect on the quality of social and environmental disclosure. Quality, not all social disclosure and corporate environmental go public of PROPER participants are not all quality but quality improvement every year given the importance of profit, social and environmental sustainability for the company in the future.


The long standing principal focus of civil-military relationship has been a point of public debate with the avenues of cooperation continuing to be evaluated in the current era in terms of governance, democracy and security issues making both these classes in society . interdependent and even to some extent symbiotic in nature. With the end of the Second World War and the finalization of the Charter of the United Nations, having put an end to the traditional role of the military, as an instrument of a state's policy for territorial expansion or in the technical sense of aggressive war, its utility as a domestic force was greatly enhanced especially after the disintegration of the USSR which led to the emergence of new democracies in the late 1980s principally in Eastern Europe but later spreading to other parts of the world. The military is now seen as the single ,most effective pressure group capable of playing a positive role in the countries' attempts to reach a higher level in the ladder of social and political progress.' Again the introduction of liberal, western style economic-political institutions in peripheral states had upset the stability of the latter's traditional socio-political structure the military appeared to be the only group capable of enforcing and preserving political stability and order in the newly developed countries.


: In chemistry, covalent bonds are divided into two categories: σ and π bonds. A σ bond can exist independently or concurrently with π bonds, as found in multiple bonds. In contrast, textbooks indicate that all π bonds are accompanied by a σ bond. Is it possible for π single bonds to exist independently? Although there are few references, recent studies have shown that compounds that contain a π single bond do exist. Herein, we review the research progress and characteristics of independent π single bonds.


There is much confusion in thought even among enlightened people in India concerning the cattle problem, though cattle generally enter into the life of the people to a much greater degree in India than in most countries, due largely to religious sentiment.


During 2018 major geomagnetic storm, relativistic electron enhancements in extremely low L-shell regions (reaching L∼3) have been reported based on observations of ZH-1 and Van Allen probes satellites, and the storm is highly likely to be accelerated by strong whistler-mode waves occurring near very low L-shell regions where the plasmapause was suppressed. It is very interesting to observe the intense chorus-accelerated electrons locating in such low L-shells and filling into the slot region. In this paper, we further perform numerical simulation by solving the two-dimensional Fokker–Planck equation based on the bounce-averaged diffusion rates. Numerical results demonstrate the evolution processes of the chorus-driven electron flux and confirm the flux enhancement in low pitch angle ranges (20°–50°) after the wave-particle interaction for tens of hours. The simulation result is consistent with the observation of potential butterfly pitch angle distributions of relativistic electrons from both ZH-1 and Van Allen probes.


A practical model of electric arc furnace can help design filters to delay the use life of power line electro-insulating material. This paper proposed a practical simulation model of electric arc furnace. The model is built based on its real output characteristic. It can out put a distort current composed up of n harmonics and non-integer harmonics which re-appear the arc's cutting off and short circuit phenomenon in melting stage. The current can be set to extrude unbalanced current, interrupted current and half wave imbalance current of each phase. It can also simulate the voltage distortion and flicker effect to other loads. A flicker measure plat is carried out and the model proved to be feasible and realizable. It can realize electric arc furnace output characteristic and is easier to be connected to the power system.


[Objective] This study aimed to establish a model based on the atmospheric circulation indices for forecasting the area attacked by rice plantopper every year,and to provide guide for controlling plantopper.[Method] The data related to rice planhopper occurrence and atmospheric circulation were collected and analyzed with the method of stepwise regression to establish the prediction model.[Result] The factors significantly related to the area attacked by rice plantopper were selected.Two prediction models were established.One was for white-backed planthopper Horvath,based on Atlantic-European circulation pattern W in October of that year,Pacific polar vortex area index in October of that year,North America subtropical high index in August of that year,Atlantic-European circulation pattern W in June of that year,northern margin of North America subtropical high in February of that year,Atlantic-Europe polar vortex intensity index in October of that year and Asia polar vortex intensity index in November of the last yea;the other prediction model was for brown rice planthopper,based on the East Pacific subtropical high intensity index in July of that year,northern hemisphere polar vortex area index in October of the last year,Asia polar vortex strength index in November of the last year,north margin of North American-Atlantic subtropical high in September of that year,north margin of North Africa-Atlantic-North America subtropical high in January of that year,sunspot in September last year and eastern Pacific subtropical high area index in September of that year.[Conclusion] With the stepwise regression,the forecasting equation of the rice planthopper occurrence established based on the atmospheric circulation indices could be used for the actual forecast.


Introduction Part 1: Wilderness: Nature as Wild and Remote 1.1. Introduction: Religious Approaches to the Wild 1.2 Encountering the Wild 1.3 Wilderness in Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and Indigenous Religions Part 2: Garden: The Cultivated and Transformed Landscape 2.1 Introduction: Religious Care of the Wild 2.2 The Ethics of Land Management 2.3 Garden Spiritualities 2.4 Religious Responses to Deforestation Part 3: The City: Natural and Human Environments 3.1 Introduction: Religious Perspectives on Humanity, the Control of Nature, and Urban Environments 3.2 Nature and the City 3.3 Green Cities and Green Buildings 3.4 Environmental Justice Conclusion Bibliography Index


Land-lost peasants are the natural product of China's industrialization and urbanization.For a long time,the land is the subsistence for farmers.Once they lose their land,they will face a series of problems,such as employment difficulties,and the weakening of the family's security function.And the institutional arrangements are urgent required to resolve peasants' pension problems.Regarding the land-lost farmers in Xi'an urban village as the research object,the paper puts forward some countermeasures in improving the rate of land-lost peasants' participating in social pension insurance by analyzing its status.


This article examines relationships between the absolute being of the universal ego (Ātman-self) according to the Indian religious philosophy of Vedanta (V) and the phenomenological, irreal being of the transcendental ego in Husserl's phenomenology (P). Both Ātman and the transcendental ego are accessed in the first-person perspective by onto-phenomenological reductions. Such reductions, as stated by Husserl, have absolute freedom of positing and, thus, can reveal or conceal states of being. In contrast with P-reduction, which renders the being of the ego-pole invisible, V-reduction penetrates into the being of the ego-pole and opens a horizon of unique, non-intentional mental states. Following the dialectics in pre- and post-reduction givenness of being, there emerges a picture of connection between the intentional phenomenological being of the transcendental ego and the non-intentional being of the pure ego of Vedanta (Ātman-self). The pure ego of Vedanta manifests as a substrate for the transcendental ego of phenomenology. From this, we can conclude that reductions function as the loci of dialectical syntheses of being, whereby the unity of being has a fuller, more complex and multi-sided sense than the one intended in the natural attitude. In their breaking of theoretical habits conditioned by the substance metaphysical tradition, reductions are truly indispensable in the revelation of being that grounds the theory of knowledge.


A technique of quality evaluation and key defects correction for handwritten Chinese characters is proposed. Firstly, by analyzing the relative centers of Chinese characters' strokes, this technique can give a proper score for the standardization degree of a handwritten Chinese character. Secondly, by clustering handwritten strokes with K-means algorithm and calculating their penalty values, this technique can effectively recognize and correct the key defective strokes in handwritten Chinese characters. The experimental results show that this technology has good application effect and can achieve unattended Chinese character writing practice.


We illustrate that memory repair for high defect densities allows improving yield, extending circuit life, reducing power, and improving reliability, and can be used to push aggressively the limits of technology scaling. Then we present several developments enabling low-cost memory repair for high defect densities, which alllow realising this promise.


Abstract High-rate near-surface overnight atmospheric data taken during the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) is used to quantify the representativeness of surface layer formulations under statically stable conditions. Combined with weak wind shear, such conditions generate large dynamic stability (Ri > 1.0), intermittency, and nonstationarity, which violate the underlying assumptions of surface layer theory. Still, such parameterizations are applied in atmospheric numerical models from large-eddy to global circulation. To investigate two formulas, their parameterized sensible heat flux and friction velocity (u∗) values are compared, when driven by CASES-99 measurements, to CASES-99 measurements of the same from various heights. Significant inaccuracies in the magnitude and sign of flux are found with 1) a frequent, large underprediction of heat flux for Rib > ∼1.0, 2) an overprediction of negative sensible heat flux and u∗ for ∼0.2 < Rib < ∼0.8, 3) a systematic underprediction...


We consider the Dirac operator with a periodic potential on the half-line with the Dirichlet boundary condition at zero. Its spectrum consists of an absolutely continuous part plus at most one eigenvalue in each open gap. The Dirac resolvent admits a meromorphic continuation onto a two-sheeted Riemann surface with a unique simple pole on each open gap: on the first sheet (an eigenvalue) or on the second sheet (a resonance). These poles are called states and there are no other poles. If the potential is shifted by real parameter t, then the continuous spectrum does not change but the states can change theirs positions. We prove that each state is smooth and in general, non-monotonic function of t. We prove that a state is a strictly monotone function of t for a specific potential. Using these results we obtain formulas to recover potentials of special forms.


Silence is a condition where people always prefer. Unfortunately, not everything that comes in silence is good for human being. Electric vehicle (EV) is one of the technologies that build for quiet road vehicle as it moves smoothly using electric motor instead of a rough and raw gasoline engine. The quiet characteristic posed by EV especially when the car moves at a slow manoeuvring speed such as entering a parking lot or junction and reversing will bring danger to the people around it. Due to the lack of engine noise in EV, other road users are exposed to prominent threats by the car. For common gasoline type vehicle, engine noise will act as a sound cue to notify people especially when the car moves at low velocity but that is not the case for the silent EV. Several main car manufacturers are already aware of the issue and develop a warning system to alert other road users. This paper discussed warning systems that have been developed to alert pedestrian on oncoming EV. The system will utilise fuzzy logic concept to optimize the output warning sound. The system validation discussed the sound and fuzzy behaviour. Key-Words: Electric Vehicle, Warning Sound, Alert Pedestrian, Fuzzy Logic


It's a busy day in your office, and you are running behind. Your patient with arthritis of the knee greets you with a small stack of printouts from the Internet on glucosamine. She wants to know whether taking this medicine would be beneficial.

You're in the emergency department, managing a


This paper presents a rapid prototype approach for the development of a real-time capable neural-machine-interface (NMI) for control of artificial legs based on mobile processor technology (Intel Atom™ Z530 Processor.) By effectively exploiting the architectural features of a mobile embedded CPU, we implemented a decision-making algorithm, based on neuromuscular-mechanical fusion and gait phase-dependent support vector machines (SVM) classification to meet the demanding performance constraints. To demonstrate the feasibility of a real-time mobile computing based NMI, real-time experiments were performed on an able bodied subject with window increments of 50ms. The experiments showed that the mobile computing based NMI provided fast and accurate classifications of four major human locomotion tasks (level-ground walking, stair ascent, stair descent, and standing) and a 46X speedup over an equivalent MATLAB implementation. The testing yielded accuracies of 96.31% with low power consumption. An offline analysis showed the accuracy could be increased to 98.87% with minor modifications to the application.


Tehalose is a secure non-reducing saccharide and widespread in nature,moisturizing,resistant to frost and drying conditions,stabilized to heat and acid,and provides nonspecific protection for biologic molecule.Hence it has a variety of potential applications in pharmaceuticals,agriculture,cosmetics and food industry,etc.Since the 1980s,countries have research physiological and biochemical functions and molecular biology of trehalose,making it become one of the main oligosaccharides which are the international development research recently.This study introduces production background,functions,mechanisms,research significances and production of trehalose through enzyme method with useful examples illustrated.This article emphasizes the technology of permeabilized cells,use which to produce trehalose.It points hat in the fermentation methods of producing trehalose,continuous production of trehalose through enzyme method shows a trend in the future,especially it will has a broad prospect of application that one-step process in the transformation from maltose into tehalose with trehalose synthase,when the enzyme activity is improved by genetic engineering and immobilized biomass is applied.


Simulation of the porous materials based on modified Biot poroelastic model is done in this paper, and the obtained results are compared with the equivalent fluid model available from the literature. The effect of physical parameters of the solid phase and also boundary conditions are studied. For this purpose, the modified Biot equations are obtained in terms of a reduced number of variables. In order to investigate the acoustical behavior of porous materials, the governing equations are simulated using the weighted residual finite element code, developed by the authors. The absorption coefficient diagrams of a selected material are obtained and compared for modified Biot poroelastic model and equivalent fluid model. In addition, the effects of the physical parameters of the solid phase and boundary conditions on the acoustical treatment of the material are studied.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Eragrostis, the largest genus in tribe Eragrostideae has 36 species in India and with 406 species in the world. The present study investigates the morphological and micromorphological variations of lemma and palea in nine species of the Eragrostis, collected from Panchmahal and Dahod districts of Gujarat. Qualitative and quantitative features of microharis, and epidermal cells in the different regions, apex middle and base of lemma and palae has been observed. Apart from this, undulation patterns also play a key role in species identification. Two major types of undulation pattern ∩ and Ω have been observed in the studied species. The present study concludes that, different types of microhairs, size and shape of epidermal cells and its undulating pattern can be significantly used in delimitation of Eragrostis with the help of all the qualitative and qualitative characteristic features it was possible to prepare a dichotomous key to identify the nine different species of Eragrostis.


The insulation properties of nanocomposite enameled wire, in which nano-sized inorganic material such as layered silicate is used as an additive component, have been investigated. An extraction of SiO2 at the surface of the nanocomposite enameled wire was observed after the voltage life test by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This result suggests that the inorganic material remains after evaporation of the organic material due to partial discharge (PD) at the surface. It could be considered that the inorganic material protects the enameled wire from physical sputtering of PD charges. A technical improvement of the twisted pair configuration was proposed to prevent the concentration of PD activity at the edge of the twisted pair when the applying voltage is around the PD inception voltage. It was found that PD charge in the case of nanocomposite enameled wire is reduced when the applying voltage is the same in comparison with the conventional one. It could be considered that the SiO2 layer on the insulating material and the decreased PD charge could play a major role for the superior insulating properties of the nanocomposite enameled wire.


Wavelet packet modulation(WPM) is a new type of multi-carrier modulation.According to the non-linear and quadratic phase-coupling,this paper applies the theory of bispectrum analysis to the feature extraction and the parametric bispectrum estimation of wavelet packet modulation signal,and achieves the identification of wavelet packet modulation signal.Simulation results show that good performance is obtained.


Leigh Disease, or subacute necrotizing encephalopathy(SNE), is a degenerative disorder characterized by lesions of the gray and white matter in the bran and spinal cord. The pathogenesis was known as mitochondrial enzyme defect of the respiratory chain system. We experienced 2 cases of Leigh disease. The first case, a seven-month old girl who was presented with weak respiration and failure to thrive, showed lactic acidemia and increased lactic acid in CSF fluid, high signal intensity in the bilateral putamen and head of caudate of nucleus at T2 weighted MR imaging. The second case, a 3-year-old girl with ataxic gait and bilateral ptosis also showed lactic acidemia, increased lactic acid in CSF fluid and high signal intensity in the bilateral basal ganglia. Respiratory difficuly developed in both cases and died within 1 month after visiting our hospital. The diagnosis was made by lactic acidosis and specific MRI finding. We report these cases with a brief review of its related literature. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 1998;41:405-409)


Increase of forest cover in arid regions of developing countries is useful from both environment and energy point of view. Because of lack of irrigation water, tree plantations are difficult to achieve in such conditions. This paper presents a novel method of producing water by solar energy in arid lands and its use for tree seedlings. The method involves digging a pit in the ground and covering it with a glass cover. Water collected from the pit is then fed to the tree seedlings. The pit has dimensions of 0.9 m x 0.9 m x 0.6 m and produces on an average 300 ml of water every day. Data has shown that seedlings supplied with this water had 100% survival rate. Details of the experiment, together with long term data of water collection from the pit, are given.


The application of Generalised Predictive Control (GPC) for an experimental hot-rolling mill is presented in this paper. GPC has been implemented to provide the mill with good speed control and regulation when steel and aluminium hot-rolling experiments are carried out. Using an identification mechanism, GPC first estimates the mill's model and predict the future behaviour of the rolling speed to finally calculate a sequence of future control actions. The performance of GPC was evaluated via simulations and realtime experiments under different operating conditions. From such experiments it can be concluded that the proposed control scheme performs reasonably well, showing good robustness and disturbance rejection in all operating modes. Copyright © 2006 IFAC


This article is aimed to discuss a complete study of thermal radiation on the flow of power-law fluid with a truncated cone in a non-Darcy porous medium. The linear, quadratic and non-linear cases of thermal radiation are included one by one in the energy equation. Non-linear coupled partial differential equation system is converted into an ordinary differential equation system using suitable similarity transformations, and it is further solved by combining local non-similarity procedure and local linearization method. Effects of thermal radiation on non-dimensional velocities, temperatures, skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number in all three cases are displayed through plots. Skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are studied with respect to streamwise coordinate. Higher velocities and temperatures are noticed with larger values of all the three radiation parameters. This type of flow problem is extremely useful in automobile industries, solar collectors, rotating heat exchangers, etc. due to the involvement of a truncated cone.


In your Summer issue you invited correspondence "on this highly controversial subject." As basic issues may vary in different geographical locations in so vast a country as the United States, I submit the following as from the area known here as our "far-West." Your questions are answered in accordance with my experience as Superintendent and Medical Director of a State Institution for Mental Defectives in California, accommodating over 3,000 patients where, under my supervision, during the years 1918 through 1949, over 5,000 patients were sterilised. Approximately the first 1,000 of this number were operated on by myself, personally. We have found that the vast majority of both males and females should be sterilised before marriage because of their incapacity to care for children either defective or normal. In two extensive surveys made in 1928, with a follow-up in 1938 by an independent and neutral study group and from my own experience, it was definitely shown to us that sterilisation did not increase promiscuity or venereal disease. The two surveys referred to, covered both the mentally deficient and the mentally ill.


This paper offers a practical insight into the application of Lotka's law of author productivity in Gandhian literature and also presents the collaborative pattern among the authors. In the present work significant effort has been made to collect all the periodical literature related to Gandhi and that are published in English up to 2010 from the various resources. The study reveals many imperative indicators concerning Gandhian literature, like for instance thatLotka's Law holds with respect to Gandhian Literature.


T. Karkoszka, e-mail: email@example.com, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland In the metallurgical processes, due to the amount and meaning of the workplace safety threats, there is a necessity of implementing the steps connected with their elimination or limitation. Undertaking the steps should be based on the identified legal requirements and the risk refraining from lack of the compliance. The most meaningful, within the mentioned scope, are the requirements concerning design, construction and use of the machines. The aim of the presented study was identification of the essential requirements stated to the machines' manufacturers, minimal requirements dedicated to the work equipment' users. One has pointed the potential risk of lack of compliance and described the ways of taking up such a risk depending on the identified legal requirements.


Unprecedented COVID-19 global pandemic entails uncertain conditions, which lead people to seek alternative solutions to make activities running accordingly. Limited movements due to travel restriction and health protection confine people's activities, including the research process. Postponing research activities is arguably not the best solution for scholars, mainly while conducting data collection. In social and humanities research, researchers mostly undertake data collection through field studies and face-to-face communications prior to the pandemic. Social distancing procedures, however, encourage people to avoid close contacts and cancel visit plans. Thus, researchers are necessary to find an alternative method during uncertainty situation. Digital research method (DRM) seems to be a plausible way to keep research ongoing, although the implementation of that method in the developing countries' research activities, compared to the developed countries, remains lagging behind. This research aims to position DRM amidst the pandemic situation and show possibilities in using this method as an alternative in the developing countries by taking Indonesia as a case study. Results show that to make DRM works in Indonesia, some requirements need to be fulfilled to meet academic standards, and whether relevant or not the research topic applies to be processed utilizing digital method are also essential to be considered.


A Monte Carlo simulation is reported for analog integrated circuits and is based on the modification of the failure rate of each component due to interaction effects of the failed components. The Monte Carlo technique is the methodology used to treat such circuits, since they are independent of the number of components and the degree of system complexity. The reliability model is applicable over a wide temperature and bias range and may be used to predict reliability of microwave systems. The model is compared with accelerated test results of two analog microwave circuits. Excellent agreement has been obtained for a low noise amplifier as well as for a transimpedence amplifier. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.