Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) is considered as a technology in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) system. In this paper, we design and analyze the performance of the Coordinated Scheduling/Beamforming (CS/CB) technique, which is one major category of CoMP. We perform Monte Carlo simulations with a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) in LTE-A. Simulation results show that the proposed CoMP can improve Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), and the spectrum efficiency of macrocell and picocell users through a graph of the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF). From these results, we also show significant performance gain when we apply various techniques of scheduling and precoding with the CoMP. KeywordsCoMP; HetNet; LTE-A; Precoding; Scheduling


'Visual disorders in stroke' explores the mechanisms of the disorders, clinical features, prevalence and mechanisms of central visual processing, the functional neurological architecture of vision, the visual pathway, the nature of visual disorders after stroke( central visual loss, eye movement disorders, peripheral visual disorders, visual perceptual disorders), prognosis of post-stroke visual disorders, implications for driving, impact on quality of life and psychological issues, and a description of various support strategies. A comparison of hemianopia with visual neglect and drug-induced visual problems is also discussed. The main focus in stroke rehabilitation is often motor impairment. A significant proportion of stroke patients have unrecognized visual problems resulting in little or no advice or treatment.


Immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase CHRP) and rabbit IgG antibodies 10 HRP were used to study the Fey receptors in normal human placenta. Cryostat sections of placental tissue were incubated with the complexes, and the peroxidase activity was revealed histochemically. The bound complexes were localized to the apical surface of the trophoblasts and endothelial cells of the fetal stem vessels. Binding also occurred within the wall of some fetal vessels, to stromal cells and occasionally to areas corresponding to (he trophoblastic basement membrane. The strongest binding was obtained with immune complexes prepared at slight antigen excess, Eight‐ to sixteen‐fold increased concentration of human and rabbit IgG was needed lo block the binding of immune complexes. Bovine and porcine IgG did not block the binding. Treatment of tissue sections with neuraminidase enhanced the binding activity of the receptors. The technique is very convenient for studies of Fey receptors in tissue. However, unfixed frozen placental tissue was run suitable for ultrastructural studies.


The seasons that have dry and/or cold weather are not proper for development of Aedes aegypti . In those seasons, natural control occurs, reducing the population density, and under their influence, the eggs logical cycle of A. aegypti , and is also an important form of passive dispersion and recrudescence of populations of mosquitoes, mainly when related to the present matter of solid non-degradable trash that do not have the proper destiny. This works as breeding environments for mosquitoes, increasing the population density of A. aegypti and making easier the transmission of dengue.


The article is devoted to the cognitive study of proper noun, revelation of different structures of onomastic knowledge in conceptual system. On the material of Tambov anthropolexems such study supposes the revelation of cognitive basement and mechanisms of onomastic representation in whole.


The problem of confirming the youth of presumed zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) stars among field stars, i.e. outside of clusters and associations, is discussed within a statistical framework. A generic method to evaluate the completeness and contamination of samples is presented, criteria for the design of appropriate tests are outlined, and the performance of X-ray selection and the so-called 'lithium test' is estimated. It is shown that for any test applied to this problem, the error of the second kind is far more important than the error of the first kind.


Bedaquiline is recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). We pooled data from 5 cohorts of patients treated with bedaquiline in France, Georgia, Armenia, and South Africa and in a multicountry study. The rate of culture conversion to negative at 6 months (by the end of 6 months of treatment) was 78% (95% CI 73.5%–81.9%), and the treatment success rate was 65.8% (95% CI 59.9%–71.3%). Death rate was 11.7% (95% CI 7.0%–19.1%). Up to 91.1% (95% CI 82.2%–95.8%) of the patients experienced >1 adverse event, and 11.2% (95% CI 5.0%–23.2%) experienced a serious adverse event. Lung cavitations were consistently associated with unfavorable outcomes. The use of bedaquiline in MDR and XDR TB treatment regimens appears to be effective and safe across different settings, although the certainty of evidence was assessed as very low.


One of the major tasks in the design and optimization process of a new landing gear system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is to accurately determine the loads during the landing event, especially if the landing gear is considered unconventional. The work being presented describes a new approach to simulate landing events for some of the UAV's unconventional landing gears produced by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI), such as Predator A and Predator B series. GA-ASI selected ABAQUS/Explicit®, which is part of the ABAQUS suite of finite element analysis software, for its nonlinear, transient dynamics capabilities. The tricycle landing gear systems in Predator A and Predator B consist of a very stiff nose strut equipped with a shock absorber and highly flexible main gear struts made out of composite materials designed to absorb the landing event with elastic strain energy and frictional energy dissipation with tire scrubbing. The peak loads during the landing event are highly dependent on the complicated ground interactions with the tires during the initial contact and spin-up event. Geometric nonlinearity effects due to large displacements in the composite struts are accounted for in ABAQUS/Explicit®. The tires are modeled in detail with internal pressure simulated by hydrostatic fluid elements and the rubber material represented by hyperelastic elements embedded with rebar elements to model the tire reinforcements. A slip-rate based friction model governs the contact behavior between the tires and the ground. Landing gear struts are modeled using beam elements with stiffness validated by empirical load-deflection data. Shock absorbers' elastic and damping characteristics are defined by connector element behaviors. Bearing friction at the nose landing gear shock absorbers' piston-cylinder interface is also considered. Simulation results show a time history of landing loads at the wheel axles and deflection for the landing gear struts during the entire landing event. The results are then compared to and validated by extensive test data.


The effects of atomic oxygen (AO) and vacuum UV radiation simulating low Earth orbit conditions on two commercially available piezoelectric polymer films, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE), have been studied. Surface erosion and pattern development are significant for both polymers. Erosion yields were determined as 2.8 x 10{sup -24} cm{sup 3}/atom for PVDF and 2.5 x 10{sup -24} cm{sup 3}/atom for P(VDF-TrFE). The piezoelectric properties of the residual material of both polymers were largely unchanged after exposure, although a slight shift in the Curie transition of the P(VDF-TrFE) was observed. A lightly cross-linked network was formed in the copolymer presumably because of penetrating vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation, while the homopolymer remained uncross-linked. These differences were attributed to varying degrees of crystallinity and potentially greater absorption, and hence damage, of VUV radiation in P(VDF-TrFE) compared with PVDF.


By compressing the organic solid luminescent material 2,7-di(naphthalen-1-yl)fluorenone (1-DNFO), a consecutive and massive modulation of its UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra has bee...


This article is investigating verbal communication research in teaching the English language, its importance, and necessity in daily human life. The article shows how the teacher should help students to improve and develop their verbal communication skills. For this point, there are given some useful and effective techniques with methods in teaching the English language, which we have to use for developing students' verbal communication skills and speech etiquette. The chosen topic is relevant to the fact that verbal communication and speech etiquette have a key place in a person's successful life; therefore many researchers and article readers are interested in this topic. Speech etiquette is a component in the linguistic cultural picture of the world, as well as possessions and understanding of speech etiquette depends on the people behavior. Speech etiquette plays a special role in the foreign language study.


The utility model provides a controlling device of automatic roof rainwater acquisition and utilization in the water intake and store technical field. This device comprises a water saving box, wherein, a plurality of water saving boxes are vertically arranged on the wall around the building downpipe according to the number of the stories, which comprises a filter room, a water store room and an exchange controlling room, which are separated by separating boards. A water pipe passing through separating board is arranged under each room. The upper portion of the filter room is connected to the building downpipe by a three-way pipe and a filter device based on requirement and an overflow port, connecting to the downpipe are arranged inside of the filter room. An exchange controlling device and a running water interface are arranged inside of the exchange controlling room. This device achieves simple structure, low cost, wide usage, and high practicality and can give a full play of the natural rainwater in order to save water resource.


had concentrated on this 'occupational' history, she would have produced a good book. However, she was more ambitious—she also wanted to write a history of public health. Medical Officers of Health have been closely involved in the development of public health but there is more to public health than their activities. For example, the history and development of policy initiatives such as slum clearance and rehousing programmes might provide as much if not more insight into the history of public health. I found the discussions of the development of public health disappointing. They seem to interrupt the main narrative without adding substantially to it. As a result, Lewis never develops a consistent theoretical framework for the analysis of her historical data. History can and should have an important part to play in the study of social policy. Some of the most interesting policy studies are historical accounts of specific initiatives or administrative developments. However, to generate insights that can be used in the study of social policy, the historical data have to be analysed with a clear theoretical structure. Otherwise the study will tend to degenerate into a catalogue of historical detail. In this book there is no clear theoretical structure and Lewis fails to define key terms. As a result readers, who are not au fait with general medical history, will probably be lost in the welter of historical detail and acronyms. The book is often vague and repetitious. I had high expectations of this book. Its subject matter looked very interesting. I was disappointed. It was a missed opportunity. If Lewis had been less ambitious and a bit clearer about her objectives, she would have produced a really good book. Instead she has written a book that contains a lot of fascinating historical material that needs a clearer theoretical structure. It could have been more than a good source book for medical historians. ANDY ALASZEWSKI University of Hull


Trichodina algonquinensis n. sp. is described from the urinary bladder and ureters of the perch (Perca flavescens) and the common shiner (Notropis cornutus) from Lake Sasajewun, Algonquin Park, Ontario. The ciliate is hat shaped, flattened, and ellipsoidal in lateral view. The mean diameter of the oral portion of the body is 88.4 μm (58.5–123.5 μm; n = 21) and of the adhesive disc, 54.9 μm (42.9–57.2 μm; n = 30). It has 38 (35–42; n = 17) denticles, a horseshoe-shaped macronucleus, a round to ovoid micronucleus situated near the end of one arm of the macronucleus, and the oral groove spiral is 540°. Experiments indicate that in aquaria the ciliate is readily transmitted from perch to common shiners and golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) but not to creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus).


Many problems in the FDTD require a relatively higher mesh resolution in only small sub-volumes of the total mesh space. By locally applying finer grids (local grids) to these volumes, the necessary resolution for these volumes can be obtained. The computational time and memory requirements may be far less than for an FDTD space with the smaller mesh resolution throughout. In many situations it is important that these local grids function when materials traverse the main grid-local grid boundary surface, since the volumes that require local grids may not be isolated in a homogeneous medium. A local grid method which allows materials to traverse its boundaries is developed. For an example result it is applied to calculate the input impedance of a monopole on a conducting box where the conductor crosses the local grid boundary. The results are compared with uniform mesh FDTD solutions.


Abstract Background: Although hypofractionated radiotherapy has been standardised in early breast cancer, even in post-mastectomy no such consensus has been developed for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), probably due to complex planning and field matching. This study is directed towards dosimetric evaluation and comparison of toxicity, response and disease-free survival (DFS) comparison between hypofractionation and conventional radiotherapy in post-mastectomy LABC. Methodology: In total, 222 female breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to be treated with either hypofractionated radiotherapy (n = 120) delivering 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks or conventional radiotherapy (n = 102) with 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks after modified radical mastectomy (MRM) along with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients were planned with treatment planning software and assessed regularly during and after treatment. Results: Median follow-up period was 178 weeks in conventional arm (CRA) and 182 weeks in hypofractionation arm (HFA). There exists a dosimetric difference between the two arms of treatment, in spite of similar dose coverage [planning treatment volume (PTV) D90 92·04% in CRA versus 92·5% in HFA; p = 0·49], average dose in HFA is less than that of CRA (p < 0·001); so is the maximum clinical target volume (CTV) dose (p < 0·001). Similarly, average lung dose in HFA arm is significantly lower than CRA (9·9 versus 10·84; p = 0·06), but the V20Gy of lung and V30Gy of heart had no difference. The toxicity of radiation was comparable with similar mean time to produce toxicity [CRA: 7 W, HFA: 10 W; hazard ratio 0·64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·28–1·45]. Three-year recurrence event was alike in two arms (CRA: 4·9%, HFA: 5·8%; p = 0·76). Mean DFS in CRA is 230 weeks and that of HFA is 235 weeks with hazard ratio 1·01 (95% CI = 0·32–3·19; p = 0·987). Conclusion: Though biologically effective dose (BED) in hypofractionation is lesser than that of conventional fractionation, there are indistinguishable toxicity, locoregional recurrence, distant failure rate and DFS between the two modalities.


In this article, we address the problem of the controlling PV generators connected to the single-phase grid is addressed. The PV system presented consists of a PV generator, a DC_AC inverter, an LCL filter and a single-phase grid. The main advantages of the studied system are: the abundance of the use of a DC_DC converter, the minimization of the total harmonic distortion of the current injected into the grid, the stabilization of the system, the great reliability and high efficiency. In this paper, we seek to achieve the following objectives: (i) extracting the maximum power from the PV generator, (ii) setting the DC-link voltage to its reference voltage vp,ref, (iii) injecting a sinusoidal and in phase current with the grid voltage (unit power factor UPF), while ensuring a total harmonic distortion (THD) less than 5%. To fulfill the above objectives, a nonlinear controller based on a nonlinear state model is proposed. This controller is realized by the Integral Backstepping technique. The results of the simulation showed that the extraction of the maximum power and the injection of the current with the unit power factor (UPF) are obtained whatever the climatic conditions.


The changes in shear modulus of pea, wheat, maize and potato starch gels with time, at concentrations between 10 and 40% w/w, were followed. In this range, the cooling of gelatinised dispersions of starch resulted in turbid, elastic gels. The initial rate of development of stiffness of the gels followed the order: pea>maize>wheat>potato, and was related to the amount of amylose solubilised during gelatinisation. The initial gelation was not reversed on heating to 100° C. There was also a long-term increase in gel stiffness, which was thermally reversible. This long-term increase, linked to a crystallisation involving amylopectin, followed the order: pea>potato>maize>wheat. With increasing starch concentration this latter process becomes more important.


ABSTRACT This essay argues that religious AI should be included in the options to prevent the risks of superintelligence. No absolute defense is possible against the risks of superintelligence to exterminate human beings in the future. However, religious AI would mitigate the dangers with a chance to practice self-sacrificial love for humans while remaining humble as a creature before God. Christianity may play an important role for the development of religious AI as one of the options to protect humans against the risks associated with superintelligence.


This paper presents a methodology for automated analysis of cough sound signals using Support Vector Machines (SVM). Pre-Processing is necessary for suppression of noise from cough signals; and is the prime concern in accurate prediction of various respiratory disorders. Herein, a 'Fourth Order Butterworth High Pass Filter (FOBHPF) is therefore applied at the pre-processing stage followed by features extraction and classification using SVM. The performance evaluation during the simulations has carried out using Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) parameter at output of the pre-processing stage and accuracy parameter at the end of classification stage.


This paper describes a newly developed acoustic system for AUV tracking and communications at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Acoustic Research Detachment (ARD) in Bayview, Idaho. This acoustic tracking and communications system (ATACS) has unique capabilities and is highly versatile to support a variety of AUV tests. ATACS software and hardware create a turn-key system which could be replicated and deployed in a wide variety of ocean or fresh-water environments. The system is currently supporting large scale vehicle (LSV) model experiments for NAVSEA sponsors but has capabilities that can support testing such as verification of guidance systems and operation of constellations of multiple AUVs. The system can be configured to simultaneously track and communicate with a large number of independent AUVs, each transmitting a unique identifier code. Global Positioning System (GPS) clocks are distributed to analog-to-digital (A/D) converters throughout the system to provide global synchronization of sampling. Calibration of system timing characteristics allow precise system timing and ranging accuracy. Software-based ranging receiver algorithms are highly flexible and support both coherent and non-coherent ping types. The system can receive pinger frequencies between 10 kHz and 120 kHz and effectively transmit between 25 kHz and 120 kHz. Real-time detection software runs on a VME-based multi-processor system. Detected signals are passed to a host processor for precise timing estimates and telemetry demodulation. Range and telemetry information is then broadcast across the Ethernet to various client applications such as vehicle tracking and control, beamsteering, etc. This instrumented test range covers over 2 square miles with a lake depth of 1100 feet. The effective tracking area extends over 10 square miles. Six bottom-mounted transceiver units provide bi-directional communications and ranging with AUVs. Each transceiver unit is buoyed 100 feet off the lake bottom and contains separate broadband source and hydrophone elements.


The adsolubilization of styrene, isoprene, and mixtures of styrene and isoprene into cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayers (admicelles) on precipitated silica is investigated. The results show that the styrene adsolubilization constant is nearly unchanged with increasing styrene equilibrium concentration in the aqueous phase, while the isoprene adsolubilization constant increases with increasing isoprene partial pressure. The adsolubilization constants suggest that styrene adsolubilizes into both the palisade layer and the core of the admicelle, while isoprene adsolubilizes into the palisade layer. In the co-monomer system styrene adsolubilization is slightly increased in the presence of isoprene but isoprene adsolubilization is significantly enhanced in the presence of styrene; however, the adsolubilization isotherms of both monomers have increasing slopes in the co-monomer system and show that there is a synergistic effect, possibly due to swelling of the admicelle due to the addition of adsolu...


It is the consensus of vocational education circle that to keep a sustainable development,higher vocational education must enhance key abilities of students,such as employment competence and vocational adaptability.Here,the connotation and neccessity and training ways of vocational students were illustrated.


We describe the details of single-crystal growth of magnesium diboride (MgB 2 ) using the vapor transport method. A T c onset temperature of 38.6 K was confirmed, and anisotropic superconducting properties were discussed through the transport and magnetization measurements on the MgB 2 single crystal. The positive curvature in H c2 ( T ) near T c and the linear behavior of H c2 ( T ) at low temperature give clear evidence for clean limit type-II superconductor.


Two continuous-flow bioassays on the chronic toxicity of cadmium to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque) indicated that the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for this species is between 57 and 37 μg Cd/liter. The experimental concentration of 57 μg Cd/liter decreased survival of the developing embryos, the embryos being the most sensitive life stage. At lower concentrations of 37 to 4.5 μg Cd/liter, no adverse effect on survival, growth, or reproduction was found. Application factors based on the acute bioassays are discussed in relation to the great variation in toxicity values.


In this paper a method is introduced to predicts the height for waves propagating over a bed with arbitrary shape. The method is based on dividing the domain into two sub domains. The potential in the outer domain is represented by a series. The wave height and any other required quantities in the inner domain are found by using an integral representation of the potential. Other quantities such as water particle velocity can be calculated from the potential. This quantities may be used in the study of the sediment transport.


The ignition system is of one important system in the operating the vehicles of internal combustion engine. The purpose of ignition system is to create spark which is will ignite with the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder of an engine. The ignition spark must occur at the right timing to avoid the operation of engine become inefficiently. So, the aftermarket products of ignition system will be compared with the original ignition system that installed in the vehicle in determining the performance of the engine. The aftermarket ignition systems have been advertised that they have more horsepower from complete combustion which is meant having better performance. The ignition system that been study in this case are the spark plug and the ignition cable wire.


One of the cardinal assumptions of linguistics is that the signs of language are, by and large, not appropriate to the meanings that they convey. I do not mean that linguists have assumed that signs are inapropiate, but only that there is no bond between the sign and its meaning which could not as well be dissolved in favor of some other sign with the same meaning: perro is a historical accident that has perpetuated itself, but has no more intrinsic right to symbolize 'perro' than has, say, becerro or alma.


U.S. EPA's Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Center, Ada, Oklahoma, has reduced its annual energy consumption by 45% by upgrading its building mechanical system and incorporating renewable energy.


The early cellular events during the development of osteoarthritis (OA) are accelerated articular chondrocyte maturation and extracellular matrix degradation, which are usually seen in the weight‐bearing region of articular cartilage. The results of our recent studies from transgenic OA mouse models indicate that upregulation of β‐catenin signaling in articular chondrocytes is most likely responsible for the conversion of normal articular chondrocytes into maturing (arthritic) chondrocytes, which is associated with activation of chondrocyte maturational genes and matrix degradation. Conditional activation of the β‐catenin gene in articular chondrocytes leads to an OA‐like phenotype. Overexpression of Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, also induces an OA‐like phenotype through upregulation of β‐catenin signaling. In addition, β‐catenin upregulation was also found in articular cartilage tissues in patients with OA. These findings indicate that β‐catenin plays a central role in articular cartilage function and that activation of β‐catenin signaling may represent a pathologic mechanism for OA development.


BACKGROUND: One of the relevant issues to study is the motion of a cotton-harvesting machine (CHM) at the turning lanes of the cotton field along curvilinear path. At the same time, the CHMs wheels rolling occurs with lateral slip of tires, so the machine may have unacceptable, according to the conditions for raw cotton harvesting, deviations in the lateral direction of the motion path when turning to enter the beds of the cotton field, and the traction performance of the CHMs steered wheels declines significantly.
AIMS: Building mathematical models and carrying out kinematic simulations to determine the motion parameters and the values of lateral forces, the side slip resistance coefficients of tires of the CHMs guide wheels necessary to achieve the required performance and to maintain the specified accuracy of the path motion along the headland of the cotton field with acceptable traction indicators.
METHODS: Dynamic processes are hugely complicated and difficult to analyze in full. The developed models are based on the balance equations and the wheels motion is not considered separately, taking into account tire deflections.
RESULTS: The kinematic scheme of turning of the MKh-1.8 CHM with front driving and rear steered wheels was considered. It was assumed that the MKh-1.8 CHM moves at a low constant velocity, so the centrifugal force can be neglected. In addition, lateral slip is the very parameter that reflects the impact of external force factors that go with the curvilinear motion on the machine.
CONCLUSIONS: Analyzing the obtained results, the following can be noted: during the curvilinear motion of the CHM, the main parameters that determine the turning of the machine are the CHM wheelbase, the average steering angle of the steered wheels and the slip angles of the rear axle. Moreover, it should be noted that the slip angles of the front and rear axles of the CHM, their values and change have a significant impact on the machine turning kinematics. The presence of lateral slip is the main reason of significant deviations from the given path of the CHM motion at a headland of a cotton field.


In the present paper, we study chaos in iterated function systems (IFS), namely dynamical systems with several generators. We introduce weak Li–Yorke chaos, chaos in branch, and weak topological ch...


Slope instability is one of the most important geohazards to offshore structures.It can cause great damages to oil production platforms,pipelines and electric cables which are based on the seafloor.In this study,a typical sea area in Chengdao Oilfield in the subaqueous delta of the Yellow River is chosen as the study area.Geophysical prospecting and geotechnical drilling are processed to get the stratification and the mechanical characteristics of the soil within the upper 10 m depth.The stability of the slope in this area is calculated using GEO-SLOPE/W.It turns out that slope instability may occur in clayey silt in the surface of the seafloor.The potential failure modes are discussed.It is concluded that the large waves caused by storm tides are the dominating triggering sources.


The process of digital transformation and teleworking are some of the most debated topics in the specialized literature of the last decade due to the major impact they have on the stability, the evolution and the efficiency of the economy. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the competitive advantage offered to the national economies by the implementation of policies dedicated to the digitalization of the society and the economy. In the last year, national economies have been faced with huge challenges imposed by the continuation and adaptation of economic processes in the virtual environment. The pace of adaptability of the workforce to digital technologies, the functional and technical literacy of human resources, the work organization and the level of digitalization influence the economic and social performance of the countries. The main aim of this research is to determine the defining characteristics in terms of the ability to adapt to telework in 30 European countries, to classify them according to their digital performance, but also to analyze their differences and determine the directions of action to capitalize on the opportunities offered by the online environment. The results of this research highlight that despite the investments which the analyzed European countries have made in recent years in digital infrastructure, there are large disparities in terms of adaptability to telework, as follows: poor adaptability (Southern and South-Eastern Europe), medium (Central Europe), high adaptability (Western and Central Europe), very high adaptability (Northern and North-Western Europe). The research is intended to be a catalyst for data-driven discussions on the adaptability of the European countries to digital innovations and the process of managing adaptation by governments to meet the economic and social needs. The analysis of the potential for adaptation to telework represents a contribution to the exploring of potential post-crisis developments. The limits of the research are related to the involvement of only six variables, the analysis can be extended in future research to other variables as well. © 2021, Amfiteatru Economic. All Rights Reserved.


TPS11134 Background: Despite advances in tumor imaging and pathology, patients with CUP still account for about 2-3% of all cancer patients in European registries. Two randomized phase II trials: G...


Flannery O'Conner,the American Southern woman writer,has aroused the concern of many scholars for her deep understanding of religious subject.However,by careful analysis of the characters in her works,it is not difficult to find most of the characters are abnormal.Taking A Good Man Is Hard to Find as an example,this paper intends to employ Freudian theory of human psyche to analyze the personality of several important characters,their respective conflicts among id,ego and superego in the plot development as well as the reason of their abnormal psyche.The paper tries to explore the thematic meaning from a new aspect.


Fish scale is inedible hence thrown away as
industrial waste which is one of the major sources of pollution in our natural environment. The concept of sustainable ecosystem along with the growth of developing countries in the tropics has made it essential to device schemes to turn waste products into viable biotechnology materials. This study looked into potential biomaterial safety by investigating the levels of heavy metals and accumulation of potential carcinogens from marine environment in scales of two brackish water fishes which are the Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). The closed acid digestion method was used to measure the levels of lead, zinc, copper and cadmium using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer. Mean concentrations obtained indicated that L. calcarifer scales contained higher levels of the heavy metals and it was also observed that
essential metals accumulated at higher concentrations as compared to non-essential heavy metals in both fishes. Significant relationships (p < 0.001) were found between fish type and heavy metal accumulation for all metals assessed except for lead. Nevertheless, the metal concentrations were still lower than the national and international standards maximum permissible limits for human consumption. Thus, it can be concluded that fish scale waste could be treated as 'wealth' in biotechnological industries for reduction of toxic materials from the waste effluents.


The performance of a shared memory multiprocessor system is very sensitive to process scheduling. We can enhance the performance of a whole system as well as of an individual process by taking the multiprocessor characteristics into account in the design of the process scheduler. In this paper, we propose a general purpose scheduler for a shared memory multiprocessor, called the Two-Level Multi-Scan (TLMS) process scheduler, that considers the processor affinity loosely and decreases the interference among multiple processors greatly. The TLMS scheduler is composed of a local scheduler at each processor and a semi-global scheduler that balances the load among processors. In particular, the semi-global scheduler tries to minimize priority inversion, which is an important factor of the system performance. The TLMS scheduler also tries to reduce the number of resources to be shared and improves the processor utilization. To meet these requirements, the semi-global scheduler interacts with the operation of the local scheduler when a need arises, thus the name is loose processor-affinity. We also show that the proposed scheduling technique can be extended for other types of resources making it a general purpose resource management queue.


The dynamics of classical field theories is usually governed by field equations, but when fields are constrained to bounded domains it is also dependent on its boundary conditions. Usually boundary conditions are constrained by the requirement of preserving the maximal symmetry of the system. In the case of charged particles the symmetry is U(1), but there are many fields (e,g, electromagnetic fields) which are neutral and charge conservation does not constraint its boundary conditions. In this paper we explore the most general boundary conditions that preserve another symmetry that all relativistic field theories do preserve: space-time translations. In particular the families of boundary conditions of isolated systems which preserve energy for scalar, electromagnetic and Yang-Mills field theories. We point out the global properties of the space of all possible boundary conditions of confined systems in two special domains. We also explore the connection between energy preserving and charge preserving boundary conditions.


The quality of the audit depends on numerous factors, it notably depends on controls which are exercised on the conditions of exercise of the profession and on the activity it even. The objective of our research is to verify that the statutory executives and the professionals of the legal audit in the countries which we connect to "the French School of Accounting " are similar. But, the possible resemblances which can more be put in light compared with a country situated outside the sphere of influence, we also concerned our glance the statutory frame prevailing in a country which, although belonging to the cultural community of the French-speaking world, cannot be considered as being of the same accounting school, in this particular case the province of Quebec in Canada. The analysis of the statutory texts and professional texts, as well as the answers to a questionnaire sent to the professionals of the legal audit in the studied countries, allow to assert that : - the profession is regulated and controlled everywhere but in rather different degrees, - the reference to the French model is very present in the countries of Frenchspeaking Africa, even if it is not any more the only model, - the rule and the Canadian and French practices are closed, however the missions that assign the trade organizations of rule and control are slightly different. Finally, we were able to notice that the improvement of the quality keeps pace with the economic development of the country, the noticed differences between countries are the reflection of their level of development.


Objective:To observe the effects of water extract from Polygalae Radix on learning and memory abilities and index of hematology in mice.Method: Eighty four Kunming mice were randomized for learning and memory test and motion test.In learning and memory test forty eight mice were randomly divided into control group,low-dose,middle-dose and high-dose group of extracts from Polygalae Radix.After continuous intragastric administration of twenty one days,the ability of learning and memory was observed and the activity of superoxide dismutases(SOD) and the content of maleic dialdehyde(MDA) was determined in brain.In motion group thirty six mice were randomly divided into control group,swimming group and Polygalae Radix group.Except control group,swimming training was executed in the other groups for three weeks.After the last weight-loaded swimming,the RBC and Hb were determined.Result: Compared with control group the latency period of the mice which were given the middle-dose and high-dose extracts from Polygalae Radix were significantly shorten(P0.05),and the times of passing through the flatform were significantly increased(P0.05).As well as the activity of SOD significantly increased and the content of MDA significantly decreased compared with control group(P0.05).In motiontest,the weight-loaded swimming time of the mice which were given extracts from Polygalae Radix was signicantly extended compared with control group(P0.05).Compared with blank group the red blood corpuscle and hemoglobin level in control group were significantly depressed(P0.05).However,the red blood corpuscle and hemoglobin level in Polygalae Radix group were increased compared with control group(P0.05)and similar with blank group.Conclusion: The water extract from Polygalae Radix can enhance the ability of learning and memory in mice,raise the activity of SOD and depress the content of MDA.The water extract from Polygalae Radix can increase the ability of motor and suppressed the change of red blood corpuscle and hemoglobin after strenuous exercise.


The status and disputes of land pollution in China are introduced.The defects of traditional dispute resolution related to land are analyzed.The dispute resolution related to land that accords with China's reality are put forward,which would provide references for maintaining rural stability.


Stressing their interest in nature, McConnell describes the regionalism shared by the nine western Canadian and western American artists who participated in this exchange exhibition. Biographical notes.


An optimisation technique is applied in dynamic balancing of planner mechanism in which genetic algorithm is applied. By using genetic algorithm the driving torque, shaking force and shaking moment are minimised. An equivalent (equimomental) system (point masses) are developed which is dynamic equivalent to another system, where some sets of forces and moments can produce the same linear velocity, angular velocity, angular acceleration or linear acceleration. Point masses are represented by the shaking force and shaking moment, choose as design variables. Design variables of an optimisation problem are changed into single objective function and apply genetic algorithm. Best results obtained through genetic algorithm than conventional algorithm. The standard problem of four bar mechanism shows its effectiveness.


We present a novel decentralized and infrastructure-less algorithm to alleviate traffic congestions on road networks and to fill the void left by current algorithms which are either static, centralized, or require infrastructure. The algorithm follows an online approach that seeks stochastic user equilibrium and assigns traffic as it evolves in real time, without prior knowledge of the traffic demand or the schedule of the cars that will enter the road network in the future. Reverse Online Algorithm for the Dynamic Traffic Assignment inspired by Ant Colony Optimization for VANETs is a metaheuristic approach that uses reports from other vehicles to update the vehicle's perceived view of the road network and change route if necessary. To alleviate the broadcast storm spontaneous clusters are created around traffic incidents and a threshold system based on the level of congestion is used to limit the number of incidents to be reported. Simulation results for the algorithm show a great improvement on travel time over routing based on shortest distance.


Socialization is an essential process in human living. Human is a social creature which can not living without the help of others, so human needs friends to communicate and interact with each others to make a living better. Through a socialization, human can build good characters to care with others and theirs social life circle. Nowadays, game technology have already fast and sophisticated. People use game not only for entertainment media but for education media and media to prevent social problems in the society. With game technology, game will be expected to reduce lack of socialization in the society. It can help someone to open his/herself and develop social skill with interacting in social society using social feature in the game.


This article explores the issue of COVID 19 Immunity Certificates, also known as immunization or vaccine passports, in Canada as an intergovernmental problem. The global pandemic has demanded a coordinated response from all levels of government in Canada to address various issues such as containing the virus spread, public health, immunization, emergency care, etc. The response to the global pandemic also wit-nessed partial, or even, full shutdowns of the segments of the economy to contain the virus spread, followed by nationwide immunization programs administered by different provinces or territories. The immunity of the population is detrimental for the safe re-opening of the economy, and various jurisdictions across the world are exploring the idea of immunity certificates as an enabler. This article analyzes the issue of immu-nitycertificateswithinCanadaasaninter-governmentalproblemandexplorespossiblesolutionsandrecom- mendations to address it.


Jerusalem artichoke is an inexpensive and readily available non-grain raw material. Jerusalem artichoke contains nearly 20% (w/w) of carbohydrates, which was composed of 70–90% (w/w) of the inulin and not fermentable by Lactobacillus sp..HMF is considered an important intermediate and platform chemical from carbohydrates due to its rich chemistry and potential availability.Direct formation of HMF from polysaccharides, such as inulin, and even the Jerusalem artichoke juice, was tested using the TA-p catalyst. Remarkably, results demonstrating the tantalum compound is effective on reactions of polysaccharides hydrolysis and monosaccharides dehydration. The highest HMF yield is 87%, which was obtained at 150 min using inulin, a polymer of fructose, as the reactant. Compared with fructose as reactant, a longer reaction time (150 min) was needed to achieve the maximum yield.Thus the Jerusalem artichoke juice was used as reactant to produce HMF, and HMF yield could be reached to 50% when Jerusalem artichoke juice hydrolyzed by exoinulinase without other pretreatment.


Electron micrographs of dengue viruses of Hawaiian strain and Mochizuki strain, which were adapted to mouse brain and chick embryo have been taken using purified virus materials.Purification methods employed were as follows: (I) Combination of partial purification of the virus adsorption to and elution from erythrocytes and ultracentrifuge, (2) Combination of protamine sulfate precipitation and ultracentrifuge. Studies by electron microscope of purified preparations from infected mouse brain and chick embryo showed that the infective particles of dengue virus were spherical, uniform and aggregate, average 18±2mμ in diameter, and they were considered to be the virus.The smaller particles of about 15mμ in diameter seen in infected mouse brain seemed to be normal components because the similarsized particles were observed also in the normal mouse brain.


Bringing to criminal liability those who have committed a crime in a special military sitiation requires the legal categories that characterize this legally significant military situation to be fixed in the criminal law. It was carried out by the adoption of Federal Law No. 365-FZ of September 24, 2022, "On amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 151 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation." Federal Law No. 365-FZ of September 24, 2022, qualifies as crimes commited in a military situation: 1) crimes committed during the mobilization; 2) crimes committed during martial law; 3) crimes commited in wartime; 4) crimes committed in conditions of armed conflict; 5) crimes committed in the conditions of warfare. The author provides a justification for the terminological definition of the circumstances under the general name "special military situation" and analyses the normative grounds for their existence, content, and meaning, which is necessary for the correct application of these legal categories in practice.


For the next years optical lithography stays at 193nm with a numerical aperture of 1.35. Mask design becomes more complex, mask and lithography specification tighten and process control becomes more important than ever. Accurate process control is a key factor to success to maintain a high yield in chip production. One of the key parameters necessary to assure a good and reliable functionality of any integrated circuit is the Critical Dimension Uniformity (CDU). There are different contributors which impact the total wafer CDU: mask CD uniformity, scanner repeatability, resist process, lens fingerprint, wafer topography etc. In this work we focus on improvement of intra-field CDU at wafer level by improving the mask CD signature using a CDC200TM tool from Carl Zeiss SMS. The mask layout used is a line and space dark level of a 45nm node Non Volatile Memory (NVM). A prerequisite to improve intra-field CDU at wafer level is to characterize the mask CD signature precisely. For CD measurement on mask the newly developed wafer level CD metrology tool WLCD32 of Carl Zeiss SMS was used. The WLCD32 measures CD based on proven aerial imaging technology. The WLCD32 measurement data show an excellent correlation to wafer CD data. For CDU correction the CDC200TM tool is used which utilizes an ultrafast femto-second laser to write intra-volume shading elements (Shade-In ElementsTM) inside the bulk material of the mask. By adjusting the density of the shading elements, the light transmission through the mask is locally changed in a manner that improves wafer CDU when the corrected mask is printed. In the present work we will demonstrate a closed loop process of WLCD32 and CDC200TM to improve mask CD signature as one of the main contributors to intra-field wafer CDU. Furthermore we will show that the process window will be significantly enlarged by improvement of intra-field CDU. An increase of 20% in exposure latitude was observed.


A reasonable value of 55 Hz for the natural frequency of Tetradacus citri Chen was obtained by using ANSYS,a large simulation software.A comparative study on the effects of resonating acoustic wave on behavior and lifespan of Tetradacus citri Chen was conducted in this paper,in order to verify the feasibility of prevention of Tetradacus citri Chen through resonating acoustic technique.The response of Tetradacus citri Chen were recorded and tested when they were exposed to a sound field with sound intensity of 120 dB and frequencies of 55,100,180 and 300 Hz for 30 minutes.The results showed that under low frequency acoustic conditions,the Tetradacus citri Chen performed discomfort reactions,such as head shaking,wings flapping,head and tail rubbing by their limbs,and moving to the areas of low sound intensity in the flask;while,under the resonating acoustic wave,Tetradacus citri Chen had a strong response of avoidance,and the effectively escaping rate was up to 36.48%.When Tetradacus citri Chen was exposed to a sound field with frequency of 55 Hz and sound intensities of 120,110,100,90 and 80 dB for 30 minutes,it found that the higher the sound intensity was,the more significant the avoidance;while,if the sound intensity was lower than 80 dB,there was no significant avoidance.The death statuses of Tetradacus citri Chen were investigated with exposure to a sound field of 55 Hz and 120 dB for 4 hours every day until all were killed.The results showed that resonating acoustic wave of high intensity have a significant impact on the lifespan of Tetradacus citri Chen and all the insects used in the experiments were killed after 5 days,comparing with the controls the final mortality increased by 42.80%.


In this paper, position and angle measurements of a miniature robot by using position sensitive detectors (PSDs) are proposed. The miniature robot carries three PSDs and laser beams are irradiated on the PSDs' surfaces. The position and angle of the robot are obtained by the positions of the laser spots. Since the PSD, which is sensitive according to the laser spot, provides a continuous signal, the measurement sensitivity is theoretically determined by the sensitivity of the PSD. The results obtained by preliminary experiments in the linear and rotational displacements are described.


I. Introduction.- Lines of Developments of Synergetics.- II. Equilibrium Phase Transitions.- Critical Phenomena: Past, Present and "Future".- Critical Properties of Relativistic Bose Gases.- III. Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions.- Collective Effects in Rasers.- Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in Highly Excited Semiconductors.- Nonequilibrium Transitions Induced by External White and Coloured Noise.- IV. Spatio-temporal Organization of Chemical Processes.- Chemical Waves in the Oscillatory Zhabotinskii System. A Transition from Temporal to Spatio-temporal Organization.- Propagating Waves and Target Patterns in Chemical Systems.- On the Consistency of the Mathematical Models of Chemical Reactions.- The Critical Behavior of Nonequilibrium Transitions in Reacting Diffusing Systems.- V. Turbulence and Chaos.- Diffusion-Induced Chemical Turbulence.- Chaos and Turbulence.- VI. Self-organization of Biological Macvomolecules.- Self-organization of Biological Macromolecules and Evolutionary Stable Strategies.- A Mathematical Model of the Hypercycle.- VII. Dynamics of Multi-unit Systems.- Self-organization Phenomena in Multiple Unit Systems.- Synchronized and Differentiated Modes of Cellular Dynamics.- Dynamics of Cell-Mediated Immune Response.- VIII. Models of Psychological and Social Behavior.- Bifurcations in Cognitive Networks: A Paradigm of Self-organization via Desynchronization.- Dynamics of Interacting Groups in Society with Application to the Migration of Population.- IX. Mathematical Concepts and Methods.- Structural Instability in Systems Modelling.- Stationary and Time Dependent Solutions of Master Equations in Several Variables.- Poissonian Techniques for Chemical Master Equations.- Index of Contributors.


The business shelf today is dominated by two (not mutually exclusive) factors: Tom Peters and follow‐up editions of self‐dubbed classics. The Peters presence is all pervasive: It's in forwards, thanks (in general), employees‐as‐authors (thanks for the time off), and myriad other places. As a result, we rather think it dilutes the Peters name (or in Stack Attack lexicon, the Peters positioning): How can one management consultant hold to so many diverse (and mutually exclusive) theories?


The core of water-saving society construction is system construction,and the key to system construction is the determination of water saving management mechanism.At present,fixed total amount control,fixed quota control,floated quota control,floated total amount control and rising and subsidy of water price are the commonly used agricultural water saving management mechanisms.Based on the innovation process of rising and subsidy of water price mechanism in Taocheng District,Hengshui,various water saving management mechanisms are evaluated comprehensively.The rising and subsidy of water price mechanism has the characters of wide application scope,simple operation,easy implement,fair and just and high efficiency.


approach has considerable appeal for chronic clinical situations. Theoretically, the by-consensus approach may seem impractical and may seem to impinge on the autonomy of the various disciplines. However, in actual practice, consensus is often easier to reach, and each discipline usually has considerable autonomy in carrying out its tasks. In thinking about legal and ethical responsibilities, there are obvious differences in these responsibilities, dependingupon the way in which the team arrives at its key decisions.


The article is devoted to determining the number of deposited layers by the method of electric arc welding using a ferromagnetic charge in the case of eliminating wear on the cam of the drive wheel of the EKG–5A excavator from 35KhML steel. As well as assessing the distribution of hardness and the presence of defects along the layer height during sequential cooling of the deposited rollers and in the absence of cooling before by applying a subsequent roll in multilayer surfacing.


The static strength of carbon/epoxy laminates with three different stacking sequence has been analyzed at different strain rates under three point flexural tests. The materials under study were low cost, low Tg carbon/epoxy laminates with nominal thickness of 1 mm obtained stacking four fabric 0/90 balanced prepregs. The Weibull distribution function was used to compare the data on statistical basis.Quasi–isotropic, cross-ply and angle ply laminates were tested and the strain dependence of static strength was accounted for in the framework of a phenomenological model for fatigue with the objective test the model reliability in predicting the fatigue life and residual strength under variable spectrum with block loadings characterized by different loading frequencies.Preliminary results show that the phenomenological approach can be suitably applied in a rather simple manner solving one of the most intricate tasks within the field of fatigue of composite materials. The research activity represents the last step to build up a software that under variable amplitude loadings comprehensively accounts simultaneously and cycle-by-cycle for the change in the loading ratio, R=σmin/σmax, the maximum applied stress, σmax, and the frequency of loading, f. Details of the approach and the physics behind it are briefly presented with a series of preliminary results.The static strength of carbon/epoxy laminates with three different stacking sequence has been analyzed at different strain rates under three point flexural tests. The materials under study were low cost, low Tg carbon/epoxy laminates with nominal thickness of 1 mm obtained stacking four fabric 0/90 balanced prepregs. The Weibull distribution function was used to compare the data on statistical basis.Quasi–isotropic, cross-ply and angle ply laminates were tested and the strain dependence of static strength was accounted for in the framework of a phenomenological model for fatigue with the objective test the model reliability in predicting the fatigue life and residual strength under variable spectrum with block loadings characterized by different loading frequencies.Preliminary results show that the phenomenological approach can be suitably applied in a rather simple manner solving one of the most intricate tasks within the field of fatigue of composite materials. The research activity represents the last ...


In 2008 Mt. Okmok and Mt. Kasatochi started erupting on 12 July and 7 August, respectively, in the Aleutians, depositing emissions of trace gases and aerosols as high as 15.2 km into the atmosphere. During an aircraft campaign, conducted over Europe in October/November 2008, the volcanic aerosol was measured by an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS), capable of particle chemical composition measurements covering a size diameter range between 40 nm and 1 µm. In the volcanic aerosol layer enhanced submicron particulate sulfate concentrations of up to 2.0 µg m-3 standard temperature and pressure (STP) were observed between 8 and 12 km altitude while background values did not exceed 0.5 µg m-3 (STP). 21 % of the volcanic aerosol consisted of carbonaceous material that increased by a factor of 1.9 in mass compared to the free troposphere. Enhanced gaseous sulfur dioxide concentrations measured by an ion trap chemical ionization mass spectrometer (IT-CIMS) of up to 1.3 µg m-3 were encountered. An onboard radiation measurement system simultaneously detected an enhanced aerosol signal. Furthermore, two German lidar stations identified an aerosol layer before and after the campaign. Data analysis shows that the aerosol layer was observed mainly in the lowermost stratosphere. Correlation of particulate sulfate concentration and sulfur dioxide mixing ratios indicate that after 3 month residence time in the stratosphere not all sulfur dioxide has been converted into sulfate aerosol. The significant fraction of organic material might have implications on heterogeneous chemistry in the stratosphere which need to be explored more thoroughly


Acridine based antimalarial and antibacterial compounds (mepacrine, azacrine, proflavine and aminacrine) are known'. 9-[(Dimethylaminopropyl )amino ]-l-nitroacridine has been quite extensively used as an antitumor drug in Poland. Amsacrine has a wide-spread clinical use as an antitumor agent ':". Denny and co-workers have been deeply involved in the synthesis and antitumor evaluation of acridine derivatives-:". Acridine derivatives exhibiting fungicidal?'!', antimicrobial'F:" antiparasitic I,) and anti-inflammatory IS activities are reported in literature. In continuation of our efforts in the search of potential anti-inflammatory compounds Ifi-21, we wish to report here the synthesis and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity screening of a number of acridine derivatives (1-3). The required 9-chloroacridines were synthesized by the condensation of N-arylanthranilic acids21 with phosphorus oxychloride+'. Condensation of t/-chloroacridine and 9-chloro2-methylacridine with 2-aminopyridine in methanol under reflux for 8 hr followed by purification by crystallization and chromatography over silica gel gave


Health is an essential aspect of human life, and good health significantly contributes to the social development and economic progress of a nation. The health practices are shaped by culture, economic life, and geographical and ecological conditions, among others. The Scheduled Tribes (STs) are socially and educationally backward. The government healthcare services have not optimally reached the tribal communities, and, hence, they are forced to depend on their traditional health practices. This article presents and critically evaluates the health status of STs in Odisha. It outlines the performance of various health indicators, health status and the factors influencing tribal health. The analysis is based on secondary data, including the National Family Health Survey-4 and Rural Health Statistics, 2019. The relevant indicators reveal that the nutrition and health status among the STs in Odisha is poor and is much lower than the national average.


Optical conductivity [σ(ω)] of Ce-filled skutterudite CeRu 4 Sb 12 has been measured at high pressure to 8 GPa and at low temperature, to probe the pressure evolution of its electronic structures. At ambient pressure, a mid-infrared peak at 0.1 eV was formed in σ(ω) at low temperature, and the spectral weight below 0.1 eV was strongly suppressed, due to a hybridization of the f electron and conduction electron states. With increasing external pressure, the mid-infrared peak shifts to higher energy, and the spectral weight below the peak was further depleted. The obtained spectral data are analyzed in comparison with band calculation result and other reported physical properties. It is shown that the electronic structure of CeRu 4 Sb 12 becomes similar to that of a narrow-gap semiconductor under external pressure.


There is an increasing trend in industry toward the use of large fans, particularly in their application to air‐cooled heat exchangers. Available procedures whereby the sound power levels of fans may be estimated are based primarily on the results of laboratory measurements on comparatively small fans. This paper compares the results of field measurements on some large axial fans with various estimation procedures.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the preventive effect of the oil from the seed of Torreya grandis cv. merrillii (OTM) on experimental atherosclerosis in rats.

METHODS
The concentration of blood lipids, plasma thromboxane (TXA2), prostacyclin (PGI2), the ratio of TXA2/PGI2 and endothelin (ET) were investigated in male Wistar rats fed high-fat feed (HFF) containing OTM(2%) for 12 weeks.

RESULTS
OTM could reduce the level of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and the atherosclerosic index (AI), and increase the level of serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The plasma concentration of TXA2, ET and the ratio of TXA2/PGI2 in group supplemented with OTM were lower than those in HFF group. Moreover, the level of plasma PGI2, was higher than that in HFF group.

CONCLUSION
OTM is beneficial in preventing atherosclerosis.


This article discusses that to guide the college students to make a suitable career planning could help them identify their best profession objects.A good profession objects could then stimulate their study motivation in school,reinforce their autonomous study capability and develop their integrative quality.


Introduction: GD 552 is a cataclysmic binary which was previously believed to be composed of an M-star and a white dwarf, the latter having an extreme mass of 1.4 solar masses. We show that this is not compatible with new observational evidence and present an alternative model in which the white dwarf has a typical mass and the companion is a brown dwarf, making the system a likely member of the elusive group of CVs which have already evolved through minimum orbital period. Methods: We use spectroscopy (optical at the WHT and ultraviolet at STIS) taken with the aim of detecting emission from the mass donor in this system and modelling the white dwarf properties. Results: We do not detect emission from the previously proposed M star, at a level which allows us to rule out the presence of a near-main-sequence star donor. We find that we can successfully model the system as composed of an ordinary white dwarf and a brown dwarf, at a moderate inclination angle. Discussion: Population synthesis calculations favour the idea that the mass donor reached the stage of brown dwarf through evolution instead of being born as such. This allows us to claim that GD 552 is likely a post-period-minimum CV. There is a key point about our analysis that is worth emphasizing: we have managed to derive particularly strong constraints because of GD 552's relatively long orbital period which maximises the difference between the pre-and post-period-bounce systems. In particular it means that the mass donor in the pre-bounce model is relatively easy to detect, so that failure to detect it makes GD 552 the most secure post-period-minimum CV known.


This NIAC (NASA Advanced Innovative Concepts) work will focus on Mars and will build on previous efforts at analyzing atmospheric mining at Earth and the outer solar system. Spacecraft systems concepts will be evaluated and traded, to assess feasibility. However the study will primarily examine the architecture and associated missions to explore the closure, constraints and critical parameters through sensitivity studies. The Mars atmosphere consists of 95.5 percent CO2 gas which can be converted to methane fuel (CH4) and Oxidizer (O2) for chemical rocket propulsion, if hydrogen is transported from electrolyzed water on the Mars surface or from Earth. By using a highly elliptical Mars Molniya style orbit, the CO2 atmosphere can be scooped, ram-compressed and stored while the spacecraft dips into the Mars atmosphere at periapsis. Successive orbits result in additional scooping of CO2 gas, which also serves to aerobrake the spacecraft, resulting in a decaying Molniya orbit.


Based on the morphological differences between normal, apoptosis and necrosis cell, a method on real time estimation viability of cells based on DIC (differential interference contrast) microscopy is presented in the paper. The Jurkat cell samples were used for investigation the relationship between morphological parameters and cell viabilities in the paper. According to the scatter charts of Jurkat cell roundness, radius ratio and area, the cell areas were mainly distributed from 40 mum2 to 80 mum2. And the areas of apoptosis and necrosis cell were distributed in other range, i.e. larger areas or fewer areas. Not any chemical medicaments need to add in the samples by the method presented in the paper in order to get the viability of cells. The survival rate of Jurkat cells and the percentages of death cells in different death modes after ALA-PDT was estimated by the method presented in the paper. The experiment results showed that not only the results of survival rate of Jurkat cells estimated by the method presented in the paper were consistent with the results estimated by accepted MTT method, but also the percentages of death cells in different death modes can be got on real time by the method presented in the paper.


Inverted probability distributions find applications in various real – life situations including econometrics, survey sampling, biological sciences and life – testing. Closure under inversion implies that the reciprocal of a continuous random variable X has the same probability function as the original random variable, allowing for a possible change in parameter values. To date, only a very few probability distributions have been found to possess the closure property.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to generate a class of distributions that are closed under inversion, and to develop some statistical properties of this class of distributions.


Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is common in the allogeneic stem cell transplant setting but the incidence of CMV organ disease and mortality has been dramatically reduced by prophylactic or preemptive antiviral therapy. We report the case of a CMV‐seropositive 46‐year‐old man with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent an unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplant from a CMV‐seronegative HLA‐matched unrelated donor. CMV encephalitis and colitis developed that was refractory to single‐agent therapy. The CMV isolate demonstrated genotypic resistance to both ganciclovir and foscarnet. CMV disease was controlled by prolonged combination ganciclovir and cidofovir therapy, but severe renal dysfunction developed. Leflunomide was selected as a last resort to avoid the nephrotoxicity of cidofovir. CMV antigenemia rapidly increased following leflunomide administration, necessitating discontinuing this agent and resuming prior antiviral therapy. The pharmacokinetics of leflunomide in the setting of renal insufficiency is presented. Options for salvage therapy in refractory CMV disease in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients are briefly reviewed.


The author reviews the development course of Journal of Gansu Lianhe University(Edition of Natural Science),analyzes and sums up the practical experience of running the journal and their achievement.He also points out the future orientation.


The demand for accelerated pattern matching has motivated several recent in-memory accelerator architectures for automata processing, which is an efficient computation model for sophisticated pattern matching. Existing in-memory pattern matching architectures focus on accelerating the pattern matching kernel, but either fail to support a practical reporting solution or overlook the reporting stage. However, gathering and processing the reports can be the main bottleneck, especially for applications with high reporting frequency. Moreover, all the existing in-memory architectures work with a fixed processing rate (mostly 8 bits per cycle), and they do not adjust the input consumption rate based on the properties of the applications, which can lead to throughput and capacity loss. To address these issues, we present Sunder, an in-SRAM pattern matching architecture to processes a reconfigurable number of nibbles (4-bit symbols) in parallel, instead of fixed-rate processing, by adopting an algorithm/architecture methodology to perform hardware-award transformations. The key insight of our work is that transforming the commonly-used 8-bit processing to nibble-processing reduces required hardware resources (i.e., number of used memory rows) exponentially and achieves higher information density. This frees up space for storing reporting data in-place, which significantly eliminates host communication and reporting overhead. As a result, Sunder enables a low-overhead, energy-efficient, and high-performance in-memory pattern matching solution. Our results confirm that Sunder reporting architecture has zero performance overhead for 95% of the applications and incurs only 2% additional hardware overhead compared to the state-of-the-art solutions with no support for the reporting stage.


Cooperation agreements in biotechnology allow us to observe the complexity surrounding alliances. The market globalization, the exorbitant costs of R&D and the rapid changes in technology, are arguably amongst the principal reasons that push companies to establish cooperation agreements. Biotechnology companies use this instrument to develop external features in the search for resources and missing expertise. This paper sets out to identify if such cooperation agreements in biotechnology companies are an advantage in themselves, sufficient for the acquisition of new capabilities and if they help the growth of these companies. For this approach, a private database of companies in the two most advanced countries in this sector: United States and United Kingdom, will be used.


Diplomas and vocational credentials are the result of different education or training system. The combination of the two is an important research item which China' s education should probe and solve.


The kinetics for dehydrochlorination and benzene formation has been studied during the degradation of two samples of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at 180–200°C under vacuum with and without the removal of hydrogen chloride. The effects of various additives, such as organic phosphites, mercury, silver, gold, and glass upon the thermal degradation of PVC were investigated. Mercury, silver, and glass decrease the rate of autocatalytic dehydrochlorination of the polymer in the presence of hydrogen chloride but silver and glass do not affect PVC degradation rate in the absence of HCl. PVC thermal decomposition under vacuum with removal of HCl mostly proceeds by a molecular mechanism. At the same time, radical reactions take place. But there are some very endothermic stages of chain propagation, this is why in this case, the radical mechanism of PVC dehydrochlorination does not compete with the molecular one. In the presence of HCl, the rate of radical reactions increases and predominates over rate of molecular reactions.


This article includes documental and field research, based on random sampling, in order to analyze the value chains in the food and beverages sector of the Libertador and Campo Elias municipalities, Merida State (Venezuela). Their results highlight that the entirety of companies can be considered as SMI (Pymis, inSpanish); a small portion of them practices horizontal combination; most of them work though alliances with suppliers, and distribute their products to the final consumers; they carry out agreements with suppliers and distributors, because their owners and managers know that these agreements contribute to cost reduction and product differentiation. In order to develop competitive advantages, the authors propose the detection of internal bonds and the re-configuration of the added value chain, combined with benchmarking and identification of main causes of costs; the continuation of vertical integration practices and also the deepening of horizontal integration. Key words: SMI, small and medium-sized industries, value chain, food and beverage sector, Merida State, Venezuela


Pear leaf assimilation and transpiration were measured under both laboratory and field conditions using infrared gas analysis. In the laboratory, leaf resistance to water vapour loss !rI) was c. 1 · 2 sec cm-1 at a saturating light intensity, and the mesophyll resistance to C02 uptake (r;" ) was 4 ·4 sec cmI . These relatively low diffusive resistances were in line with the high rates of photosynthesis recorded in both the laboratory and field. The effect of leaf water potential and the nitrogen status of the tree on leaf photosynthesis was studied in the orchard. Photosynthesis was not immediately affected until leaf water potential had fallen to below 30 atm, although a history of water shortage reduced the daily maximum rate of photosynthesis. Similarly, trees that experienced a prolonged nitrogen deficiency showed a lower rate of leaf photo. synthesis in terms of both leaf area and chlorophyll concentration although the leaves recovered their green colour and photosynthetic activity following nitrogen fertilization.


To improve substance abuse treatment efforts, some have suggested that interventions should be adapted to cultural characteristics of target populations [1]. In line with these recommendations, empirical investigations of culturally-tailored interventions for individuals diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUD) have gained momentum. In this commentary, I first present recommendations to improve empirical investigations of substance abuse interventions for lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals who abuse or are dependent on substances. I then argue for increased clinical training in LGB cultural sensitivity to improve substance abuse treatment for LGB clients.


With relatively high nanoparticle loading in polymer matrices, hybrid nanocomposites made by colloidal dispersion routes suffer from severe inhomogeneous agglomeration, a phenomenon that deteriorates light transmission even when the refractive indices of the inorganic and organic phases are closely matched. The dispersion of particles in a matrix is of paramount importance to obtain composites of high optical quality. Here, we describe an innovative, yet straightforward method to fabricate monolithic transparent hybrid nanocomposites with very high particle loading and high refractive index mismatch tolerance between the inorganic and organic constituents. We demonstrate 77% transmission at 800 nm in a 2 mm-thick acrylate polymer nanocomposite containing 61 vol. % CaF2 nanoparticles. Modeling shows that similar performance could easily be obtained with various inorganic phases relevant to a number of photonic applications.


Comprehensive simulations of the processing plasmas used in semiconductor fabrication will depend on the availability of basic data for many microscopic processes that occur in the plasma and at the surface. Cross sections for electron collisions, a principal mechanism for producing reactive species in these plasmas, are among the most important such data; however, electron-collision cross sections are difficult to measure, and the available data are, at best, sketchy for the polyatomic feed gases of interest. While computational approaches to obtaining such data are thus potentially of significant value, studies of electron collisions with polyatomic gases at relevant energies are numerically intensive. In this article, we report on the progress we have made in exploiting large-scale distributed-memory parallel computers, consisting of hundreds of interconnected microprocessors, to generate electron-collision cross sections for gases of interest in plasma simulations.


The issue of energy backscatter in decaying three-dimensional incompressible isotropic turbulence is studied by means of large-eddy simulations (LES). For each set of initial parameters, multiple realizations are performed to improve the statistical convergence of the infrared modes. For an initial energy spectrum E(k, 0) ∝ k s 0 as k → 0 with s 0 = 4, LES display a non-negligible k 4 energy backscatter at subsequent times: E(k,t) ∝ t γ4 k 4. The value of γ4, superior to the 0.16 eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian(EDQNM) value, depends upon the resolution of the simulation and the integration time. In the LES initialized with s 0 = 3.5, a weak energy growth is observed at small wavenumbers. However, the infrared energy spectrum does not develop the k 4 component predicted by Eyink and Thomson (2000 Phys. Fluids 12 477–9). With s 0 = 3, on the other hand, an almost perfect invariance of the infrared energy spectrum is observed. Attention is also paid to the energy decay laws. For s 0 = 4, energy decays as ...


ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 2 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Curcuma caesia Roxb. is a perennial herb with bluish-black rhizome and reportedly harbors medicinal properties. The powder and essential oil of the rhizome of the herb has potential use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This important wild turmeric species has also been declared as endangered. Conservation and propagation of the black turmeric species by in vitro techniques is of high importance. The present study was conducted to develop an efficient protocol for mass propagation and conservation of Curcuma caesia collected from northern part of West Bengal. Bud from rhizomes as explants was cultured on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for 19 days. For multiplication purpose, the explants were transferred either in MS medium supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and IAA or Kinetin (KIN) with BAP for 56 days. MS medium supplemented with a combination of BAP 2.0 mg/L and IAA 0.75 mg/L gave the highest number (four) of shoots. MS medium supplemented with a combination of 2.0 mg/L IBA gave the highest number (twelve) of roots after 28 days. Healthy and complete plants with well-developed roots were hardened, acclimatized and planted in the field successfully with a survival rate of 70%. 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D showed the best result of callus induction for 83 days. K e y w o r d s Curcuma caesia, micro-propagation, explant, in vitro, BAP, IAA, IBA, Kinetin, 2, 4-D Accepted: 15 January 2020 Available Online: 10 February 2020 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(2): 2132-2140

https://www.ijcmas.com/9-2-2020/Sayan Chowdhury, et al.pdf


Koguryo(高句麗) was fell by Tang(唐) in september, 668 and the Andong Dohufu(安東都護府) was set up in the territory of Koguryo. The people of Koguryo took up arms against the rule of Tang. The Mihang castle(未降城) in Amnok river(鴨綠水) north of status data of Samkooksaki(三國史記) jiliji(地理志) and route of force immigration tell us resistance was strong in the Region of Liaodong. Nearly 13 million of force immigration on a large scale prompted the resistance of people of Koguryo. Kommojam(劍牟岑) was the key person of the resistance against Tang. He commanded the local military forces as local governor of Kungmo castle(窮牟城) before fall of Koguryo. Kommojam and people in Kungmo castle had been experienced in that combined through a military command system. This became the base that organized the movement of revival military forces of the former Koguryo. Kommojam invaded the fringeland of Tang. It means that Kommojam who took up arms in Liaodong Region and the displaced peoples of Koguryo to Liaoxi (遼西) Region combined. They had affinity in the way that came from Liaodong Region and had planned resistance movement through route of communication of Liaodong to Liaoxi. In response to this, Tang started to suppress Go Gan(高偘) and Lee Kun haeng(李謹行). Go Gan was dispatched to Liaodong, Lee Kun haeng was sent out to Liaoxi. Nevertheless, military activity of Koguryo people had continued to 672 in Liaodong and Liaoxi Region. Although Kommojam proceeded towards Pyongyang area, there were numbers of Koguryo revival army in Liaodong Region. Therefore the military activities against Tang had held in Liaodong Region and resistance movement in Liaoxi which were concerned with that was not subdued without difficulty.


One of the underlying foundations of Western criminal justice is the notion that human behavior is the product of rational choice. The creation of separate justice systems for juveniles and adults is based on the idea that fundamental differences in rationality exist between these two groups. Since its inception, the establishment of upper and lower boundaries demarking the juvenile justice system has been a highly contentious issue, both scientifically and politically. Critically, this debate stems from the largely arbitrary nature of the boundaries. Over the last thirty years a sufficiently large body of psychological and neurological empirical work has examined the development of decision-making and rational choice in late childhood, adolescents, and adulthood. The current article discusses the implications of this research on the establishment of upper and lower age jurisdictions for the juvenile justice system, as well as how adolescent decision-making influences other key aspects of the justice process such as competency to stand trial.


A two-tone method for measuring the residual phase noise (RPN) of microwave optical links (MOL) and modulators is proposed. The RPN of a 6-km MOL is −130 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz and −140 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz.


Fluorescent gold clusters (blue emitter) have been judiciously utilized to initiate an energy transfer process as a donor to the green emitting riboflavin (acceptor) and then riboflavin relays the energy transfer to the red emitting dye Rhodamine B in a controlled fashion to generate white light emission in a novel three component system (gold cluster, riboflavin and Rhodamine B). The CIE coordinate of (0.32, 0.35) has been achieved for the white light emitting solution. The solution processable white light emitting material has been prepared using a non-toxic, eco-friendly solvent, in the aqueous medium. It can be soaked or coated over a solid surface to generate white light emission. Writing can also be achieved on the silica surface by using this new white light emitting eco-friendly solution.


Processes for manufacturing a purified aromatic carboxylic acid include heating a purification reaction mixture in a pre-heating zone, the purification reaction mixture comprising a crude aromatic carboxylic acid and a solvent, and purifying the crude aromatic carboxylic acid in the purification reaction mixture to form a purified aromatic carboxylic acid product. One or more operations are maintained at a pressure above ambient in order to achieve energy savings.


The objective of this work is to compare the adherence to therapy of patients receiving etanercept and infliximab during first tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking treatment course in rheumatoid arthritis. Special emphasis is placed on potential predictors for treatment termination and the impact of concomitant methotrexate (MTX) or other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Patients (n = 1,161) with active rheumatoid arthritis, not responding to at least two DMARDs including MTX starting etanercept or infliximab therapy for the first time, were included in a structured clinical follow-up protocol. Information on diagnosis, disease duration, previous and ongoing DMARDs, treatment start and termination, as well as cause of withdrawal was prospectively collected during the period of March 1999 through December 2004. Patients were divided into six groups according to TNF-blocking drugs and concomitant DMARDs. Five-year level (one-year) of adherence to therapy was 36% (69%) for patients receiving infliximab in combination with MTX compared with 65% (89%) for patients treated with etanercept and MTX (p < 0.001). Cox regression models showed that the risk for premature treatment termination of patients treated with infliximab was threefold higher than for etanercept (p < 0.001). Also, the regression analysis showed that patients receiving concomitant MTX had better treatment continuation than patients treated solely with TNF blockers (p < 0.001). Moreover, patients receiving concomitant MTX had superior drug survival than patients receiving other concomitant DMARDs (p < 0.010). The superior effect of MTX was associated primarily with fewer treatment terminations because of adverse events. In addition, the study identifies low C-reactive protein level, high age, elevated health assessment questionnaire score, and higher previous number of DMARDs as predictors of premature treatment termination. In summary, treatment with etanercept has higher adherence to therapy than treatment with infliximab. Concomitant MTX is associated with improved treatment continuation of biologics when compared with both TNF blockers as monotherapy and TNF blockers combined with other DMARDs. Introduction During the past decade, the armamentarium of effective antirheumatic drugs has increased considerably. Nevertheless, a definite remission-inducing drug has yet to be discovered, and the vast majority of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are dependent on lifelong treatment in order to suppress joint damage and functional impairment. The efficacy and tolerability of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers have so far been studied in randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies [1-10]. However, data directly comparing different anti-TNF treatments and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) combinations are still sparse. This paper reports six-year data from an observational study using a structured clinical protocol developed by the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group (SSATG) [11]. The objective is to investigate predictors associated with premature TNF-blocker treatment termination. Thus, we compare the adherence to therapy of etanercept and infliximab in biologicnaïve RA patients treated in clinical practice. Emphasis is


Teeth are complex structures where a soft dental pulp tissue is enriched with nerves, vasculature and connective tissue and encased by the cushioning effect of dentin and the protection of a hard enamel in the crown and cementum in the root. Injuries such as trauma or caries can jeopardise these layers of protection and result in pulp exposure, inflammation and infection. Provision of most suitable materials for tooth repair upon injury has been the motivation of dentistry for many decades. Wnt signalling, an evolutionarily conserved pathway, plays key roles during pre- and post-natal development of many organs including the tooth. Mutations in the components of this pathway gives rise to various types of developmental tooth anomalies. Wnt signalling is also fundamental in the response of odontoblasts to injury and repair processes. The complexity of tooth structure has resulted in diverse studies looking at specific compartments or cell types of this organ. This review looks at the current advances in the field of tooth development and regeneration. The objective of the present review is to provide an updated vision on dental biomaterials research, focusing on their biological properties and interactions to act as evidence for their potential use in vital pulp treatment procedures. We discuss the outstanding questions and future directions to make this knowledge more translatable to the clinics.


The Apparent Viscosity of coal water mixture as a non-Newtonian fluid is one of the important factor in store, transportation, pump and atomization combustion. Therefore, draw up the apparent viscosity standard of the coal water mixture may provide a theory foundation and practice guiding action for industrial production, transportation and store, combustion application.


The present study addressed the effects of a flexible delegation-type control interface for unmanned vehicles (UVs) on performance in a team-oriented, dynamic, adversarial environment. Thirty-six people served as paid participants in this study. Teams of two participants competed against each other in a RoboFlag simulation based on 'capture-the-flag.' Participants controlled their UVs manually, through automated commands, or both (flexible control). Results of the experiment indicated that task performance and subjective workload were adversely affected in the automation-only condition, but no differences were detected between the manual and flexible conditions. Overall, results support previous research using RoboFlag. Performance in the automation condition was insufficient to meet task demands indicating the inappropriateness of UV control limited in this fashion. However, the lack of performance differences observed in this task between the flexible and manual interfaces calls into question when the flexible delegation-type interface may provide a performance benefit.


to serious study. An understanding of the labeling system can greatly increase the pleasures and benefits to be derived, for we try to keep every shrub and tree accurately identified, and to include such other information as may be pertinent. Sometimes this additional data recalls a tale of adventure harking back to the earliest plant explorations, or attests to a nearly extinct species. Starting down the meadow road, one is immediately aware of the large metal trunk labels found on most mature trees. These labels provide us with the scientific name (Latin name), common name, and native land of the specimen. The metal stand labels used in the shrub collection, on low shrubs, and in many specialized plantings give the same information. To understand the Latin nomenclature one must have an idea


Ali Soheil Sadri: Novel Adaptive Power and Rate Control in Third Generation Wideband CDMA Mobile Systems, under the direction of Dr. Winser Alexander. This Dissertation proposes novel adaptive power control and rate change schemes and investigates the performance of a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system in conjunction with these adaptive techniques. In these schemes, the transmit power and rate are adapted to the variations of the fading channel using adaptive thresholds based on the probability distribution function (pdf) of the predicted mobile channel power values. We define a policy similar to the traditional power control technique with thresholds except that the thresholds are set based on several regions of operation in our Adaptive Transmitter Power Control (TPC) and Adaptive Seamless Rate Change (SRC) schemes. These regions are defined by means of the probability distribution function (pdf) of the total average channel power. The pdf is initially constructed based on the history of the predicted channel power values derived from the long-range prediction algorithm. These regions can be defined such that the system operates at a constant ratio of energy per bit over noise power. In a 1-user model with one channel path, the pdf of the channel power would be an exponential or chi-square function with 2 degrees of freedom. However, in a WCDMA system, normally the rake receiver has several fingers. That is, at the receiver, the system either estimates or predicts the channel coefficients at each rake finger and performs maximal ratio combining by multiplying each finger with its conjugate or chooses the ones with the highest energy and performs maximal ratio combining on the selected fingers. In a two-user system where the multi-access interference is modeled as the Standard Gaussian Approximation (SGA), the system performance and error probability of our W-CDMA system becomes similar to the one for our one-user system. Consequently, in a single user detector system, when all users adopt a similar policy for their adaptive power and rate control, the average total Multi-Access Interference (MAI) will be reduced. The resulting channel capacity of the system in this case will be increased and the system may operate in a lower transmit power level. We evaluate the performance of these schemes using a detailed block diagram simulation of a W-CDMA system. We model and simulate all major components of the system including an accurate model for realistic mobile channels. We present simulation results to verify that the proposed novel schemes are superior to the traditional approaches for transmitter power control and rate change. Furthermore, our simulation results show that our proposed techniques reduce the effect of Multi Access Interference in a multi-user system. Novel Adaptive Power and Rate Control in Third Generation Wideband CDMA Mobile Systems By: ALI SOHEIL SADRI A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Carolina State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctoral of Philosophy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Raleigh, North Carolina April 27, 2000 Approved by: ________________________________________ Dr. Winser Alexander, Chairman ______________________________________ ____________________________________ Dr. Brian Hughes, Member Dr. Ernest Stitzinger, Member ________________________________________ Dr. Andy Rindos, Member


New Brunswick is located within the northeast-southwest trending Appalachian Region. The basement rocks consist largely of metamorphosed sedimentary types with some granitic intrusions and the composition of the natural gravels reflects the bedrock types. Research into alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) problems in the province was sponsored initially solely by CANMET and more recently in association with the Department of Transportation. The research consisted of (i) petrographic studies of aggregates, (ii) petrographic studies and case histories of existing concrete structures, and (iii) laboratory expansion testing of concrete and mortar bar specimens. Alkali-aggregate reaction has been found to be one of the factors responsible for premature concrete deterioration in New Brunswick. Visual signs of Alkali-aggregate reaction require up to 10 years to appear and the reaction takes up to 30 years to fully develop. Principal reactive rock types are greywacke, argillites, and fine-grained volcanic rocks. The r...


Pearson's correlation measure is only able to model linear dependence between random variables. Hence, conventional principal component analysis (PCA) based on Pearson's correlation measure is not suitable for application to modern industrial processes where process variables are often nonlinearly related. To address this problem, a non-parametric PCA model is proposed based on nonlinear correlation measures, including Spearman's and Kendall tau's rank correlation. These two correlation measures are also less sensitive to outliers comparing to Pearson's correlation, making the proposed PCA a robust feature extraction technique. To reveal meaningful patterns from process data, a generalized iterative deflation method is applied to the robust correlation matrix of the process data to sequentially extract a set of leading sparse pseudo-eigenvectors. For online fault diagnosis, the T2 and SPE statistics are computed and analyzed with respect to the subspace spanned by the extracted pseudo-eigenvectors. The proposed method is applied to two industrial case studies. Its process monitoring performance is demonstrated to be superior to that of the conventional PCA and is comparable to those of Kernel PCA and kernel independent component analysis (KICA) at a lower computational cost. The proposed PCA is also more robust in sparse feature extraction from contaminated process data.