Nighttime remote-sensing balloon observations conducted by the SALOMON instrument in the arctic polar vortex in January 2006 reveal high amounts of stratospheric NO 2 in the lower stratosphere similarly to previously published profiles. NO 2 concentration enhancements are also present in the vertical profiles observed by the GOMOS instrument on board the Envisat satellite and obtained coincidently to the balloon measurements. Such quantities are not present in in situ observations obtained by the SPIRALE instrument in similar geophysical conditions. While OClO amounts are acceptably reproduced by Chemistry Transport Model (CTM) calculations, NO 2 simulated values are well below the observed quantities. The examination of the slant column densities of NO 2 obtained at float altitude highlights unexpected strong enhancements with respect to the elevation angle and displacement of the balloon. It is shown that these fluctuations result from NO 2 spatial inhomogeneities located above the balloon float altitude. Potential vorticity maps reveal the presence of midlatitude NO 2 -rich air in the upper stratosphere or lower mesosphere as a result of the perturbed dynamical situation of the vortex. The presence of spatial inhomogeneities crossed by the lines of sight leads to artificial high concentration values of NO 2 in the vertical profile retrieved from the slant column densities assuming spatial homogeneity. A direct implication is that the differences previously observed between measurements of NO 2 and OClO and model results are probably mostly due to the improper inversion of NO 2 in the presence of perturbed dynamical conditions or when mesospheric NO x production events occur. The dynamical situation will have to be systematically analyzed in future studies involving remote-sensing observations.


This paper uses detailed industry level time-series data for the UK regions which suggests that convergence (at least in terms of output-per-employee) was not occurring during the period 1968-92. Based on testing for unit roots, it is found that in a majority of industries and regions growth was divergent, and consequently there is little empirical support for the neoclassical "long-run catch up" model. Copyright 1999 by Scottish Economic Society.


The impulse that the majority of land plants are dependent on symbiotic microorganisms for growth and survival is now well established, the importance of soil microbes as regulators of plant diversity and abundance are highlighted (van der Heijden et al., 2008). Various symbiotic associations discovered, the one linking roots and fungi – the mycorrhiza – is very widespread and is considered to be the determining factor in the evolution of land plants (Pirozynski et al., 1997; Simon et al., 1993). In 2001, the AMF were separated in a new phylum: the Glomeromycota (Schüssler et al., 2001). The Glomeromycota are closely related to the Basidiomycota and the Ascomycota. The taxonomy of the Glomeromycota, classification based on both morphological and Molecular data was only published in 2013 (Redecker et al., 2013). Members of Glomeromycota, AM fungi, are soil-inhabiting fungi characterized by dichotomous branching of their arbuscules located inside the root cortical cells of plants. They form mutualistic symbiotic associations with up to 90% of vascular plants (Helgason et al., 1998) and considered to be the ubiquitous symbionts on Earth, for they have been found even under adverse environmental conditions (Bever et al., 2001; Dodd et al., 1996). The taxonomic classification of AMF was International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The creative character grows up with the creative cognition, emotion, will, need, motive, faith, ideal, education, condition and practice. So it is the best way, to help individuality gain control of the creative principles and methods, to provide the terms about creative cognition, emotion, will, need, motive, faith, ideal, education, condition and practice for individuality.


ABSTRACT Surface sediments collected from the bottom of the Lower Sakarya River were analyzed for their metal levels based on their grain size. For this purpose, a three-step sequen-tial extraction procedure was used to elucidate the amount of metals released at each stage. Some studies using a three-stage sequential extraction procedure for the deter-mination of extractable heavy metals in sediments of vari-ous rivers in Turkey were mainly focused on sediments without mentioning grain size. However, this study di-rectly focused on the sediments having different grain sizes. In this work, the sediment samples were collected from the bottom surface of the river for a 10-month time period and analyzed each month for their metal contents. The metals in sediments were fractionated as acid soluble, exchangeable, reducible, and oxidisable. Determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn metals was per-formed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. KEYWORDS: Sakarya river, sequential extraction, sediment, grain size, F-AAS analysis.


This study investigates the seismic performance of shear wall building on sloping ground. The main objective is to understand the behavior of the building on sloping ground for various positions of shear walls and to study the effectiveness of shear wall on sloping ground. The performance of building has been studied with the help of four mathematical models. Model one is of frame type structural system and other three models are of dual type (shear wall - frame interaction) structural system with three different positions of shear walls. Response spectrum analysis is carried out by using finite element software SAP 2000. The performance of building with respect to displacement, story drift and maximum forces in columns has been presented in this paper.


The utility model discloses a special bolster for patients suffering from shanks and ankles fracture. Two groove ribs (2) are arranged on a bolster body (4) and enable a shallow groove (1) to be formed at the middle part of the bolster body; and a circular hollow pit (3), namely a heel pit is formed on the shallow groove (1). According to the physiological feature of human body, the utility modelis designed by aiming at affected limbs swelling clinical care requirements. When in use, affected limbs are placed in middle shallow groove to keep the neutral functional position, and avoid inversion or extorsion; the heels are placed on the upper surface of the heel pit for enabling the heels to be hung, thereby avoiding pressed injury; and the tail part of the tail end of the bolster can enable patients soles to be supported, thereby alleviating fatigue, and having certain mobility without influencing patients dirigation at the same time.


The transformation of a physical system to mathematical base is very important due to analysis of the systems behavior. In this paper an electric power system is considered. Mathematical models for the determination of voltage and active power on loss electric power transmission lines was developed. We derived relations which the approximate increase in operational cost for transmission line from Haditha Dam substation to Qa'im substation in West of Iraq, for conductor of type Lark. MATLAB version 7.12 computer programming is used to obtain the numerical results. The developed mathematical model and the numerical results could be useful to electric power systems engineers.


Stratospheric and tropospheric air samples were collected by means of a balloon-borne grab-sampler launched from Sanriku (39°N, 142°E) in the late summers of 1981, 1983, and 1984. The mixing ratios of CCl3F and CCl2F2 were determined precisely by using gas chromatography with ECD, and that of CH4, by gas chromatography with FID. The vertical profiles of these compounds are presented and compared with the model calculations.


As the technology of solar cell is growing rapidly, the monitoring of its technological situation becomes crucial for the industry and companies as well as the relevant people nowadays. Meanwhile, the patent data contains abundant technological information from which is worthy of exploring to extract further knowledge. Therefore, a graph-based approach, chance discovery, is employed so as to analyze the patent data, to form the technological scenarios, and to explain the overview of solar cell technology. Finally, several features of solar cell technology have been identified and explained, including the meaningful topics, significant attributes within each individual topic, and relationships between technology and application.


The invention relates to an actuating device (11) for actuating a shading system (10) with a cord-like strand element (16), at least with a half-loop (19) within a profile (15) is guided, with an on the profile (15) in the longitudinal direction of the profile (15) displaceably guided gripping element (17), wherein the handle member (17) at least one actuating element (29, 30) for releasably connecting the handle element (17) with the strand element (16). In order to simplify the structure and / or the mechanics, the risk of injury, particularly of strangulation is avoided, the actuating device (11) is characterized in that the actuating element (29, 30) to the handle element (17) pivotally mounted is.


The subsection trestle construction technology is presented in detail about a large-span(70.844 m + 120.000 m + 70.844 m) variable cross-section prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge.Several key points are put forward including ground foundation,trestle,formwork types,construction process,calculation points and monitoring results.Finally,the effect of subsection construction is evaluated,which can provide the reference for the similar projects in the future.


Abstract Kikuchi–Fujimoto's disease (KFD), alternatively termed histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, was first described in 1972. KFD is rare in children, with most of the cases occurring between the ages of 20 and 30 years with a female-to-male ratio of 4:1. The etiology is unknown, although infectious and autoimmune mechanisms have been proposed. KFD manifests with a spectrum of nonspecific clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. KFD is without a definitive diagnostic test and is a diagnosis of exclusion, which must be differentiated from other disease processes with associated lymphadenopathy. Significant overlap in both clinical presentation and histological features with other diseases, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, and active tuberculosis (TB), presents challenges in diagnosis. A small number of case reports have been published describing the coexistence of KFD and active TB. Most reported cases occur in TB endemic areas. In the largest analysis of KFD, TB infection was concurrent in 2% of cases. Most of the cases occurred in adult patients. To our knowledge, there have been no pediatric cases of KFD with concurrent TB infection reported in the United States. This study describes a case of KFD with concurrent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a young male from the United States.


Introduction: Proper anteroposterior (AP) joint displacement is an important indicator of good clinical outcome following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although anesthesia would tend to exclude the contributions of voluntary soft tissue tension, its effect on knee-joint displacement has not been studied in TKA, although it has been studied in the repair of the anterior cruciate ligament. Additionally, although only a few studies refer to the effects of geometry on in vivo AP laxity [1] or stability [2], they have examined only the effect of soft tissue condition in conscious individuals. Thus, we examined the in vivo relationship between the degree of voluntary soft tissue tension and constraint after TKA and AP joint displacement simultaneously and clarified the interaction between the two variables. Materials and Methods: We analyzed LCS prostheses (posterior cruciate ligament [PCL]sacrificing, rotating platform design) in 20 knees of 20 patients. In the current system, there is full contact between the femoral component and the tibial insert from 0° to 30°, and the geometry of the prostheses involves a progressive posterior decrease in the radius of curvature of the femoral condyle, and a decrease in the constraint with flexion between the tibial and femoral components. Thus, 30° is regarded as high constraint, and 75° as low constraint. The clinical characteristics of the patients are summarized in Table 1. AP displacement was measured using a KT-2000 arthrometer (MED metric, San Diego, CA), following a standard protocol, at 30° and 75° flexion. An anterior force of 133 N and a posterior force of 89 N were applied while the patients were under anesthesia, and then after they had regained consciousness. The measurement under anesthesia was performed during TKA surgery on the contralateral side. The average interval between initial TKA and the final measurement was 19 months (range, 6−66 months). We performed measurements in conscious patients within the first week following surgery on the contralateral side of the knee. Three measurements were made and subjected to statistical analysis; intra-subjective errors were < 1 mm. AP joint stability was analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures (triplicate experiments). Results: The mean AP displacements at 30° and 75° in conscious patients were 5.1 mm (range, 1.9−9.3 mm) and 7.0 mm (range, 2.7−11.5 mm), respectively, compared to 6.7 mm (range, 1.7−12.4 mm) and 7.7 mm (range, 3.1−14.0 mm), respectively, in anesthetized patients (Table 2, Fig. 3). AP joint displacement was significantly associated with soft tissue tension (p = 0.026) and constraint (p = 0.001). No interaction was observed between the two variables (p = 0.193; Table 3). Discussion: The effect of anesthesia, which would tend to exclude the contributions of voluntary soft tissue tension, on knee AP joint displacement has primarily been studied as it applies to the repair of the anterior cruciate ligament. In this study, AP in vivo joint displacement was significantly associated with soft tissue tension (p = 0.026), with no interaction between constraints (p = 0.193); thus, AP displacement under anesthesia showed a significantly larger range than in conscious patients, regardless of the different constraints. If the displacement values under anesthesia could be regarded as the same condition as those in an intraoperative one (that is, to exclude the contribution of voluntary soft tissue tension), the results of this study indicate that intraoperative displacement is greater than displacement in conscious patients. Thus, surgeons should be aware that intra-operative AP displacement is larger than the displacement defined as optimal in the awake condition, regardless of the degree of constraint. Moreover, the current study showed that AP joint displacement was significantly associated with constraint (p = 0.001), with no interaction with soft tissue tension (p = 0.193). Surgeons should take into account that higher (or lower) constraints have less (or larger) displacement, regardless of the degree of soft tissue tension. We should not, therefore, determine the proper AP displacement consistently for every PCL-sacrificed TKA, but rather according to the degree of constraint both under anesthesia and while conscious, although this may not hold true for cruciate-retaining TKA designs. Additionally, surgeons should pay careful attention to changes in the conformity of the femoral and tibial couple with flexion, especially in the current prostheses versus those of femoral component design having a single radius. This study has some limitations. First, the interval between measurements of AP displacement varied between 6 and 66 months, which may have affected our results. However, Mizu-uchi et al. [3] reported that AP displacement in joints repaired using the PCL-retaining design without clinical complaints did not change significantly over a 5year period. Additionally, we did not refer to the effect of differences in soft tissue structures, such as in PCL-retaining or -substituting designs, on AP displacement, because this study was intended to analyze only PCL-sacrificed designs. We believe that AP displacement after TKA may also be controlled by the geometry of the prosthesis, soft tissue structures, and their tension, as previously reported by Lafortune et al. [4] in relation to knee kinematics. Moreover, displacement was only measured when there was no axial load, due to the characteristics of the arthrometer that we used. Assessment of displacement under loadbearing conditions may provide a better understanding of the factors influencing clinical performance during activity. In conclusion, this in vivo study demonstrated that AP displacement after TKA was controlled by the degree of constraint and soft tissue tension, without any apparent interaction between these factors. Surgeons should recognize that intraoperative displacement is greater than in conscious patients, regardless of the degree of constraint, and that higher constraints have less displacement, regardless of the degree of soft tissue tension. These results may help surgeons to determine the intra-operative AP displacement required for proper postoperative displacement in each prosthetic design. References: 1. Jones DPG et al. (2006) J Arthroplasty 21: 719 2. Walker PS et al. (1995) Clin Orthop 310: 87 3. Mizu-uchi H et al. (2006) J Arthroplasty 21: 592 4. Lafortune MA et al. (1992) J Biomech 25: 347 Table 1. Patient characteristics.


This article gives a canonical sequential analysis of openings and closings based on a corpus of department meetings. The first section of the article shows how opening a meeting constitutes a shift in turn-taking system. The second section identifies five techniques used in opening meetings. The third section identifies six techniques used in closing meetings. The final section of the article concludes how openings and closings mirror each other, with similar "stepping stones" to be "traveled"; and discusses the potential of this being a canonical and cross-cultural model. The study has implications for the community of conversation analysts, for business communication studies, and for practitioners.


Small-scale part-time smugglers are embedded in the migrant community itself. They work in the United States for several months before returning to their place of origin to organize, with the help of several assistants, a small group of migrants, who are transported where the coyotes themselves are going. This article analyses small-scale smuggling carried out by Tamaulipas' polleros, who transport to the United States, one or a few times per year, migrants from their hometowns or other neighboring areas in order to be employed in the farming sector.


The Electoral Count Act of 1887 includes a "safe harbor" to states in resolving disputes in their choice of presidential electors. Congress will treat as "conclusive" a "determination" about "any controversy or contest concerning the appointment" of presidential electors, if that determination is made "at least six days" before the time the electors are to meet. This is a rule governing how Congress handles "the counting of electoral votes as provided in the Constitution." It is not a judicially-enforceable rule for courts to heed. And it is a rule that state legislature may, not must, heed.

In the aftermath of Bush v. Gore, however, federal courts have wrongly construed the "safe harbor" as a timing mandate placed on courts. A proper understanding of the "safe harbor," rightly understood through Bush v. Gore, reserves its influence to Congress and, occasionally, to state legislatures. Federal courts should take heed in the event of closely contested elections or recounts in the 2020 presidential election and beyond.


In this paper, we will present a complete band pass filter design by using a microstrip coupled line, that is done by using ADS software to perform the simulation process, and then printed the filter designed by regular circuits printing method (PCB), using FR4 material at 1.8GHz center frequency, 1.85GHz upper cutoff frequency, and lower cutoff frequency at 1.75GHz, noting that the 1.8GHz frequency is included in the L band range that is being used for LTE application. To identify the filter properties which is conducted by measuring the sparameter, namely insertion loss and return loss.Finally, the comparison between the results of simulation and the measured results were accepted.


The reactivity of a binuclear complex(I) prepared from the reaction of (Cp(CO)/sub 2/ WCTol) with carbon monoxide and possessing the unusual /mu/-TolC-C(O)-CTol ligand with several unsaturated organic substrates under various reaction conditions has been investigated. In no case was tractable chemistry observed. However, the compound undergoes protonation with great facility at the last site to form a novel /mu/-CTol-C(OH)-CTol ligand. The complex I reacts rapidly with HBF/sub 4/ to yield a single product, which has been spectrographically and crystallographically characterized. 5 references, 1 figures, 3 tables.


The recent appearance of growing number of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics has stimulated the search for novel antimicrobial compounds from variety sources including marine sources. Four genera of marine invertebrates were collected from Tabuk region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Bioactive metabolites were extracted using methanol and tested for its activity against sets of Gram +ve bacteria, Gram-ve bacteria, yeast and fungi using the agar disk diffusion method. The results showed different patterns of antibacterial activity. About 75% of the marine invertebrate extracts presented significant activity against yeast. No activity shown with fungi. These findings suggest that the marine invertebrates are a potential source of novel antimicrobial compounds. These results in relation with antibacterial and antiyeast activities in vitro open the way for complementary investigation in order to purify and identify active molecules.


Visual impairment can seriouly impact on a child's social and mental development. Therefore, early detection is important to ensure a better prognosis for them. The purpose of this study was to identify the cause of visual impairment among pre-school children. 479 kindergarten children aged 4-6 ± 0.69 years old (mean=5.3 years) in Sitiawan, Perak, Malaysia were randomly selected. They underwent visual acuity test, cover test, Hirschberg test, ocular external assessment and ophthalmoscopy. Children who failed the vision screening were referred for further assessment. 52% of the children were boys and the rest were girls. Malays represented the largest group (59.9%), followed by Chinese (30.1%), Indian (9.6%) and others (0.4%). Of those 43 children who failed the vision screening, 32 were confirmed having visual problem (6.7% of the total subjects). The main cause of visual impairment in this study population was refractive error (4.8% of the total subjects) followed by amblyopia (1.0%), strabismus (1.0%) and ocular abnormalities (0.8%). Hence, pre-school vision screening is very important and needs to be conducted as it can detect various visual problems at an early stage in pre-school children.


Purpose: to investigate functional performance in relation to muscle function during first year after stroke. Methods: Maximal voluntary isometric torques of knee extensors (MVTe) and flexors (MVTf) were obtained in 14 patients with subacute stroke (bilaterally) 3.5±2 months after stroke and 3 (n=8), 6 (n=5) and 12 months (n=3) thereafter and in 12 age-matched able-bodied subjects. Maximal triplet response (intrinsic muscle strength), maximal rate of torque development (MRTD) and degree of voluntary activation of knee extensors were estimated. Patients performed 7 tests of functional performance. Results: In the paretic lower limb (PL), all parameters significantly (0.494<|r|<0.909) improved during all follow-ups. In the non-paretic lower limb (NL) most improvement occurred within the first 3 months. For NL and PL, MVTe improved 5 and 16%, respectively MVTf 3 and 20%, triplet 0 and 13%, activation 8 and 9%, MRTD 16 and 61%. Significant correlations (0.460<|r|<0.906) were found between all tests of functional performance and all muscle parameters of PL and all parameters (0.454<|r|<0.873) but triplet and MRTD of NL. Conclusion: All strength parameters correlated significantly with functional performance. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate the role of strength training of both legs during at least the first year of stroke.


George Lucas is famous for saying that sound comprises at least 50% of the movie experience – sound helps create more of an emotional response in the audience than image alone. As such, the film industry has always been on the forefront of audio technology as it pushed the envelope of sound reproduction: the introduction of Stereo and later Surround Sound, the introduction of digital audio with Dolby Digital, DTS… 3D sound – an immersive sound field, or ʻsound all around' – is the next logical step required to deliver the ultimate listening experience. Several solutions have been proposed to the market, but not all of them can fulfill the cross-media requirements of the entire multi-media space: movies, broadcast, music, events… To help movie exhibitors and post-production professionals take this next step, this white paper compares the technology and the practical implications of the Auro 11.1 channel-based system to the several object-based or ʻhybrid' (a combination of channel-and object-based) systems being proposed in the market. The importance of sound in 3 dimensions Today's movie theaters position speakers as arrays in a two-dimensional horizontal plane (along the x=width and y=depth axes). This current layout is known as 5.1 or 7.1 Surround, depending on the number of channels deployed. 1 Figure 1-Standard 5.1 Surround Sound Auro 11.1 adds the next, third dimension (Height), with speakers arrayed above the spectator. The third dimension of sound around the listener supplies the natural, ambient sounds that occur in acoustic reflections all around us.


[Purpose] To investigate the role of graded prognostic assessment(GPA) in the evaluation of prognosis for lung cancer patients with brain metastasis. [Methods] The clinical data of 109lung cancer patients with brain metastases were reviewed retrospectively. GPA were evaluated according to GPA system. Survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test was used. [Results] The univariate analysis showed that Karnofsky score(KPS score),number of brain metastases,extracranial metastasis had influence on survival of lung cancer patients with brain metastases(P0.05). The median survival was 8 months(95%CI:4.64~11.36) in group with GPA 0~1,12 months(95%CI:9.16~14.83) in group with GPA 1.5~2.5,25 months(95%CI:5.87~44.13) in group with GPA 3~4. The median survival of patients with different GPA score were statistically significant(χ2= 7.467,P=0.024). [Conclusion] GPA is useful for prediction of brain metastases from lung cancer.


Aiming at the disadvantages like the enterprise application system scalability, integration and interoperability is not strong, neglecting the business process integration, the integration platform lacks flexibility and adaptability, based on service oriented and workflow technology system, Service-oriented and for integration of foundation, enterprise application integration system solutions were proposed. To realize loosely coupled, business process integration, high integration and interoperability strong application integration system we need discuss enterprise application integration the architecture and hierarchical model.


This research study, pre experimental type, was made at the Belen Hospital of Trujillo, in
order to determine the effectiveness of the educational program "Caring for my baby",
in the maternal knowledge level Newborn care. The sample consisted of 40 mothers
who met the inclusion criteria. For data collection instrument was used: Test level
maternal knowledge about newborn care at term, was processed in the SPSS statistical
program version 19. The results are presented in tables of single and double entry. To
determine the effectiveness of the program, "t student" test was used. After the
analysis, the following conclusions were got: Before the implementation of the
educational program, 90 percent of mothers scored a medium level of knowledge. After
the implementation of the educational program, 100 percent of mothers have a high
level of knowledge. The educational program was effective in improving the level of
knowledge of adolescent mothers of newborn care at term ( p = 0.000 )


The article is devoted to some topical issues of the oil industry, in particular, to the issues of oil refining. The author reports a low percentage of advanced oil processing products in the general quantity of oil products compared to this criterion in the developed countries. The author suggests the methods which could be used in Russia to solve this urgent problem.


We use a generic and general variational method to obtain solutions to the flow of generalized Newtonian fluids through circular pipes and plane slits. The new method is not based on the use of the Euler-Lagrange variational principle and hence it is totally independent of our previous approach which is based on this principle. Instead, the method applies a very generic and general optimization approach which can be justified by the Dirichlet principle although this is not the only possible theoretical justification. The results that were obtained from the new method using nine types of fluid are in total agreement, within certain restrictions, with the results obtained from the traditional methods of fluid mechanics as well as the results obtained from the previous variational approach. In addition to being a useful method in its own for resolving the flow field in circular pipes and plane slits, the new variational method lends more support to the old variational method as well as for the use of variational principles in general to resolve the flow of generalized Newtonian fluids and obtain all the quantities of the flow field which include shear stress, local viscosity, rate of strain, speed profile, and volumetric flow rate.


There are no universally accepted criteria for discontinuing milk oral immunotherapy (MOIT) in patients with persistent cow milk allergy (CMA) and little data are available on predictive risk factors for dropping out from oral immunotherapy (OIT), due to allergic reactions or other reasons.


Preparations offered for the symptomatic treatment of diarrhoea contain drugs intended to act on the inflamed intestinal mucosa and on the bowel contents, and opiates and related drugs intended to act on the gut wall. Many mixtures of these drugs are used, and antibacterial drugs are often added as well.


Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has one of the fastest growing incidence among cancers. Aberrant FGF19-FGFR4 signaling occurs in 10-30% of HCC patients and drives tumor development and progression. Pan-FGFR inhibitors are associated with hyperphosphatemia in clinic due to inhibition of FGFR1. Therefore, selectively targeting FGFR4 may render a safer treatment approach with improved clinical benefits. Using advanced computation-aided structural analysis and medicinal chemistry design, we have discovered a novel and highly selective small molecular FGFR4 inhibitor, ABSK-011, demonstrating robust anti-tumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma models. Method: ABSK-011 was evaluated in biochemical Caliper assay and Celltiter-Glo assay for its inhibition on FGFR4 enzymatic and cellular activities. Its selectivity against other FGFR family members was analyzed through related biochemical, cellular, and KinomeScan profiling assays. The pharmacokinetics (PK) profile of ABSK-011 was characterized across various species of animals including mouse, rat and dog. Efficacy studies were conducted in two HCC xenograft models, and preliminary toxicity profile was also evaluated. Results: ABSK-011 inhibits FGFR4 with IC50 2000 nM), confirming selectivity for FGFR4 over FGFR1. In vivo PK study demonstrated high exposure and superior DMPK profile of ABSK-011 in mouse, rat and dog. In preclinical in vivo studies, oral administration of ABSK-011 strongly inhibits the growth and induces regressions of subcutaneous xenograft tumors dependent upon FGFR4 activity. Suppression of tumor growth is dose dependent and well correlated with pharmacodynamic inhibition of FGFR4 signaling. Safety studies showed that ABSK-011 has no inhibition on CYP family members, hERG, etc. Conclusion: ABSK-011, presented here by Abbisko Therapeutics, is a highly potent, selective, and oral-available small molecular FGFR4 inhibitor. Its superior profile supports fast-track preclinical development. Citation Format: Zhui Chen. Discovery and characterization of a novel FGFR4 Inhibitor for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-272.


Noise-equivalent spectral radiance (NESR) is an important figure of merit that defines the sensitivity limit of interferometry. NESR is predicted and measured for a novel variation of Barringer's interferometer, which employs refractive scanning by a flat compensator plate.


In criticizing my proposals to restructure the public child welfare system (Pelton, 1991), Barth (1993) likened the care and discipline of children by parents to the helping and policing of families and parents by the state. He did so while disputing a claim I never made--that it is not possible to be an "authority figure" and helper "all at once." What I do argue is that the results of combining helping and policing roles within the context of the public child welfare agency have been unsatisfactory, and we should examine how each role might be hindering the successful execution of the other. During the past three decades, increasingly wider spheres of child welfare problems, many of which are related to poverty, have been characterized as child abuse and neglect. These terms are accusatory and, when used as a lens through which to view multiply caused problems, promote an overfixation on parental fault and blindness to the varied help that is needed. This orientation led to reporting laws and public awareness campaigns that encourage reports based on vague definitions of child abuse and neglect, thereby swamping child welfare agencies with complaints and rapidly reducing the role of child welfare workers to investigators of wrongdoing by mostly impoverished parents. Budgets were spent on investigation and increasingly on foster care, with little money left over for relevant preventive services. These continuing trends are reflected in the increase in the national foster care population to an estimated 447,000 children by the end of fiscal year 1992 (Tatara, 1992), a figure rapidly approaching a record for this century. More depressingly, no evidence exists that children are better protected. However, the remedy for the child welfare system is not only to narrow the laws, although that is necessary. Although I have just spoken of the unfortunate developments of the past few decades, nostalgia for the more distant past is not warranted. From the beginning of this century children have frequently been placed into foster care, and agencies have always spent far greater proportions of their budgets on placement than on prevention. It is not for naught that impoverished immigrant parents, fearing the public agencies' predecessors (the societies for the prevention of cruelty to children), yet having nowhere else to turn for help, viewed such agencies as "the Cruelty" and as "child-snatchers." Such agencies, both public and private, have always had a dual role, and the investigative, policing, coercive, and child-removing role has always greatly diminished the helping role. This failed paternalistic strategy toward impoverished families experiencing child welfare difficulties should be ended. My proposals call for transformation of current public child welfare agencies into family preservation agencies by divesting them of their investigative, child removal, and foster care roles. I proposed that police functions, such as investigation of possible law violation, be shifted to the police. Child welfare workers would no longer serve as society's police. In addition, I proposed that the foster care system be made independent of the new family preservation agency. This system, whose function is to protect children who cannot be protected in their own homes, should be placed under the family court system and be operated by social workers specially trained as foster care workers who would also advise the court on all decisions concerning entry into and exit from foster care. All family preservation, preventive, and supportive services would be offered and delivered by the new family preservation agency, whether it be to biological, foster, or adoptive families or to children living with relatives. Let us build a new system based on a more positive philosophy. In fact, social work has the philosophy, but the structure of the current child welfare system is incompatible with it. Much of the professional child welfare community favors empowering families, focusing on strengths rather than deficits, and providing supports. …


On-farm trials were conducted during the rainy season of 1999 and 2000 to study the potential of controlled release urea (CRU) in rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Rice was grown in rainfed shallow lowland farmer's field at Hazaribagh, India, using controlled release urea and prilled urea (PU) at 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha in replicated randomized complete-block design. A single basal application at transplanting of controlled release urea @ 60 kg N/ha resulted in rice grain (3.04 tonnes/ha) and straw (3.48 tonnes/ha) yields, 1 000 grain weight (27.7 g) and filled spikelets (83.1%)/ panicle as with that twice the rate of prilled urea applications (120 kg N/ha applied basal and 2 top dressing). Nitrogen concentration (1.31% in grain and 0.72% in straw) and its uptake by grain (44.3 kg/ha) and straw (28.1 kg/ha) were significantly higher in controlled release urea-treated plots than prilled urea-treated plots (0.96% N in grain, 0.42% N in straw, 27.5 kg N/ha in grain and 13.5 kg N/ha in straw) in good rainfall season. The controlled release urea application indicated a high potential through reduced rates of nitrogen application without sacrificing yields. These results also indicate a high promise of applying nitrogen at adequate level through controlled release urea in situation where second application of N is not feasible due to hydrological constraints of drought or flood or submergence.


In the rotational molding of semicrystalline polymers, the slow heating and cooling rates and an almost absence of shear stresses lead to coarse spherulitic morphologies free from molecular orientation. This molding process, which is suitable for short runs of large parts, is not favorable for the dispersion of additives like pigments. This article reviews the type of morphologies that develop during the rotational molding of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) when mixed with nucleating pigments or with different amounts of antioxidants. Over a range of typical processing conditions, it was observed that the morphology is affected by the processing temperature. Especially at the inner surface that is in contact with air, the sensitivity to temperature is higher, and degradation is more likely to occur. In the case of PE, the degradation is revealed in the morphology by the suppression of crystallization, whereas for PP, a change in the appearance and the level of birefringence of the spherulites occurs. Degradation may be delayed by increasing the antioxidant content or using an inert atmosphere, but without significant mechanical strength improvement. The morphology is affected by the way the nucleating pigments are incorporated during the mixing process. For example, the poor mixing capability of turboblending leads to the pigment concentrating around the polymer particles and to development of transcrystalline textures. Conversely, the more effective extrusion compounding allows the pigment to disperse and distribute better and leads to the reduction of the spherulite size. In the case of PP, which is a candidate for rotational molding, an improvement of the impact strength is achieved only if the finer morphology is associated with a significantly lower degree of crystallinity.


: This study aims to develop an experience-based learning model in developing creativity through poetry text material in SMA/SMK. Experience-based learning models are often used by teachers to develop language skills through an appropriate material. Creativity is an ability that students need to navigate life in the millennial era. This ability needs to be combined with an experience-based learning model so that students' creativity in poetry is growing. This research uses a research and development method with the ADDIE model (Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluate). The steps of this research consist of, needs analysis, designing learning models, developing learning models, product implementation. The method of collecting data in this study was by collecting data from the results of expert validation questionnaires and student assessment questionnaires. Data acquisition was analyzed descriptively by using a Likert scale. The results of the design of experience-based learning models in the development of creativity through poetry text material. The implementation of experiential learning models in the development of creativity through poetry text material in SMA/SMK as a whole received a positive response in the "Very Eligible" category for use as teaching material for Indonesian language subjects in poetry texts


A promising approach for genomic evaluation is the use of haplotype blocks instead of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to construct the genomic relationship matrix (G). This study aimed to compare genomic prediction reliabilities using different methods to construct haplotype blocks, such as using linkage disequilibrium (LD; measured as r), fixed length or a combination of both to construct G instead of using individual SNPs. A total of 20,206 Holstein bulls genotyped with 50K SNP panel with available de-regressed estimated breeding values for milk, protein and fat yields, and fat and protein percentages were used. Generally, reliabilities from haplotype-based methods were similar to or slightly higher than from individual SNPs, except for fat percentage. Moreover, constructing haplotype blocks based on LD using a r threshold from 0.2 to 0.5 yielded similar prediction reliabilities compared to constructing haplotype blocks using a fixed length of 5 adjacent SNPs. A stricter or more lenient r decreased prediction reliability.


ABSTRACT Eucalyptus globulus is an important forestry species for wood and pulp industry; however, its low cold resistance is a serious disadvantage. In this work, chemometric techniques were applied on the leaves' free amino acid content of different E. globulus genotypes in order to select cold tolerant genotypes. Pattern recognition methods based on regularized discriminant analysis ( RDA ) were used to classify the genotypes by cold resistance using samples' foliar damages as reference of cold resistance. Correlation between the amino acids content and cold resistance of genotypes was determined from a partial least squares ( PLS ) model. RDA models showed an excellent classification of genotypes (100% of correctly assigned genotypes in external validation), especially when RDA was reduced to quadratic discriminant analysis ( QDA ). Arg, Tyr and Ala, showed the highest correlations with the foliar damage in the PLS model and they could be responsible to improve cold resistance to the studied genotypes.


The Middle Devonian Winnipegosis Formation in central Saskatchewan is a highly dolomitized carbonate sequence composed of a platform (Lower Member) upon which rest numerous small mounds (Upper Member). In addition, the mounds are separated from each other by a thin carbonate mud deposit (Ratner Member). The Lower Member is a regionally dolomitized, mottled, argillaceous, organic-rich unit. It ranges in thickness from 6 to 15.5 metres. The top of the Lower Member was defined by Jones (1965) as the top of a thin, regionally developed argillaceous interval.


Introduction: The conventional treatment for completely edentulous patients is complete denture. But patients can have substantial difficulties using their conventional complete dentures due to a lack of retention, support, and stability and the related compromise in chewing ability. Endosseous implants have been shown to be a valuable rehabilitation for these patients. To enhance retention and stability of denture, various overdenture attachments systems can be used for mandibular implant overdentures. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the retention of the prosthesis with different implant number and different attachment systems. Materials and Methods: The model was used in two groups according to the number of implants. Group A model with two loaded implants in the canine region. Group B model with four loaded implants in the canine region and in the second premolar region. Each group was divided into three subgroups with different attachment systems positioner, bar & ball. Retention of attachments was evaluated by universal testing machine. Results: It was observed that there was statistically significant difference between the different attachment systems, as bar attachment showed higher retentive force value with mean = 101.47 ± 25.04 compared with locator attachment with mean =55.53 ± 15.98 and ball attachment with mean = 52.71 ± 12.56. P value ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: bar attachment group showed favourable retentive force compared with locator and ball attachment, and four implants overdenture showed higher retentive force compared with two implants overdenture. Keywords: Implant overdenture, Bar attachment, Ball attachment, Locator attachment


Recent years have witnessed a dramatic growth in the use of subdivision schemes for graphical modeling and animation, especially for the representation of smooth, often complex, shapes of arbitrary topology. Nevertheless, conventional interactive approaches to subdivision objects can be extremely laborious and inefficient. Users must carefully specify the initial mesh and/or painstakingly manipulate the control vertices at different levels of the subdivision hierarchy to satisfy a diverse set of functional requirements and aesthetic criteria in the modeled object. This modeling drawback results from the lack of direct manipulation tools for the limit geometric shape. To improve the efficiency of interactive design, we have developed a unified finite element method (FEM) based dynamic methodology for arbitrary subdivision schemes by marrying principles of computational physics and finite element analysis with powerful subdivision geometry. Our dynamic framework permits users to directly manipulate the limit surface obtained from any subdivision procedure via simulated "force" tools. Our experiments demonstrate that the new unified FEM-based framework promises a greater potential for subdivision techniques in geometric modeling, finite element analysis, engineering design, computer graphics and other visual computing applications.


History period subdivisions established by the Library of Congress (LC) for the individual states of the United States are surprisingly inadequate. Only seven states have subdivisions which cover all periods. Fifteen states need updating to cover the twentieth century. Twenty-eight states are deficient in other ways, including thirteen which have no period subdivisions at all or subdivisions only for wars and other special events. Proposals are made to remedy the deficiencies.


GASTRIC AND DUODENAL, ULCER. THE finio miioiionoraph oni Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer'I by Dr. ARTHUR F. HURST, anid ProfessOr MATTHEW J. STEWART of Leeds, witlh the co-operation of Dr. P. J. BRIGGS, is a strikinig illustration of the value of teamii work between a plhysician, a patlhologist, anid a radiologist who lhave lonig wor-ked specially at this miedico-cliirurgical subject. In addition to the formis of ulcer mentioned in the title wh-bich naturally take up niearly ninle-telntlhs of tle voluimie, tllere are accounts of jejunal and. gastro-jejunial ulcers, peptic ulcers of tlhe oesoplhagus, anid tuberculous ulcers of tlhe stomiachl anld duodenumiiii. Tlhe various chlapters are lheaded by the namlle of Dr. Hurst or Professor Stewart, but eacll lhas colnsulted withl the otlher,, and so tlle conitents represeilt their comiibilned opiniionis to a greater degree tlhani miglht at first siglit seem to be tlec case. Ini a numniber of tlhe chapters bothi their namies appear as responisible, such as that oIn attacks and quiescenit periods, pe'rforationi, subdiaplhragiiuatic abscess, pyloric alid duodelnal obstruction, jejunial and(1 gastro-jejunal ulcers, and peptic ulcer of the oesoplia gus. The generously anid beautifully illustrated chapter oni the radiological diagnosis is writteni by Dr. HuIrst anid his colleague at tlle New Lodge Clinic, Dr. P. J. Briggs. Wh'ben faced by all-rouind excellenice it is difficult to pick out alny one section for particular notice. From his wide experience Dr. Hurst lhas written tllo major part, and wVhile leadinig tlle,way in researclh lhas given admirable and muost initerlesting historical surveys, niot onily in the openiing clhapter, where lie reviews tlio whole subject, but elsewlere; for example, in tllo combined article oln perfolation tlhere is tlho dramatic story of tlie Duclhess of Orleans's deatlh. His account of tho patlhogenesis is most complete, and includes the diathetic factor on whiclh lie has led tlho way; among tllo accessory factors lie lays stress oni the evil influence of tobacco, especially in duodenal ulcer. Professor St-ewart's account of tllo pathological aniatomy of gastric and duodeinal ulceration is a mionograph in itself, and represcnts hlis mature conclusions from maniy years' work on the ample material vouchsafed hiim at Leeds. At the outset lie refers to tlle interestilng occurrenco of lieterotopic gastric mi1ucous m1iemiibranie in the oesophagus, Meckel's liverticuilumii, and even in tlio ileumii, thus explaining peptic ulcer in tlhese situations. A special feature is the successful coloured lplates. A later chapter on the patlhology of ulcercancer or carcinoma arising in relation to a pre-existinig uilcer, wvlicih must be distilnguished from calncer-ulcer or simiiply ani ulcerlating carcinioma, is also illustrated by a colour-ed plate; his examination of ulcers excised at operation revealed that out of 70 cases of gastric canicer, 11, or 15.7 per cenit., were ulcer-cancer, anid that amiionig 180 (cIlhronic gastric ulcer's 11, or 6 per cenit., slhowed carcin-omiia at tlh inargili. Carcinoma in the cicatrix of ani ulcer is conitrary to whliat miiighlt perlhaps be anticipated, extremely rare, for lie las examinie(d onie case olilv. The accounit of tlieo rare conditioni tuberculous ulceration of the stomach aniid duiodeniumll, tlhe last article in tlle volume, is also suipplied by Professor Stewart. Tlle subject of treatmnenit of pel)tic ulcer-s lhas beeni so mluch discussed, especially fromii the surgical stanidpoinit, tllat special ilnterest must attach to wlhat Dr. Hurst lhas to say oni this btriingliaroblem. InI the first l)alce, lie believes that it call bo both lprevenited anid cured by adequate iiiedical miieasures; biut lhe poilts out lhow deficienit miiedical treatmiielnt commiiiionily is-for examiple, by nieglectiing tlhe conitrol of acid secretioni durinig theinight, by not conitinuiinig until liealiing is comiiplete (a resultl easily determllimmed by x l ays and(I examliinationi of thle faeces for Occult blood), anid by ineglect of instructioni lhow to avoid iecu r'rence. Tho clhapter oni surgical treatmnent is lheaded by Bastedo's obiter dictum in 1922: "Thie initernist can refer hiis failures to tlhe surgeon in good conidition for operation, huTt ill what conidition does the surgical failure come to tllo initerniist! " The rival claimiis of miiedical and(I siurgical treatment have lonlg beeni a bonie of friendly conitenltion, bIut cannot be settled by contrasting the results of average miiedical treatment witlh the statistics of leadinig surgical operators, or, it may be added, by comilparinig the resuilts of medical neasures in Dr. Hurst's hainds witlh those of surgical treatmelnt all over tlle country. In a broad-miinided discuLssioni of this important questioni Dr. Hutirst miienitionis that tIbe cases at the New Lodgo Clinic, in wlhichl olerative measuires for gastric anid duodenial ilcer (time latter being


A case in which clinical and pathological changes resembled Streptococcus Suis occurred in suburb of Luohe,and two bacteria strains were isolated.According to the bacteria morphology,Gram staining results,bacteria growth requirements,colonial morphology,biochemical properties,and animal inoculation tests,the pathogen were identified as Streptococcus suis.Drug susceptibility test indicated that the Streptococcus strains isolated were sensitive to Sulfadimethoxine、Ceftriaxone、 Ofloxacin、 Clindamycin,resistant to Penicillin、Streptomycin、Ciprofloxacin、Gentamicin.


A simple, efficient and modified Biginelli procedure was carried out for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidines 4a-o by a solvent-free and catalyst-free condition, by the condensation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compound 1, arylaldehydes 2 and urea/thiourea 3. Neat reactants subjected to microwave irradiation gave the required products more quickly and in better yield in comparison to traditional methodologies. The observed yields and improvement in reaction rates are due to the solvent free conditions coupled with the use of microwave radiation.


This brief proposes a fully-concurrent access SRAM topology to handle high-concurrency operations on multiple rows in an SRAM array. Such high-concurrency operations are widely seen in both conventional and emerging applications where high parallelism is preferred, e.g., the table update in a database and the parallel feature update in graph computing. The proposed shift-based parallel access and compute architecture is enabled by integrating the shifter function into each SRAM cell, and by creating a datapath that exploits the high-parallelism of shift operations in multiple rows. An example of a 128-row 16-column shiftable SRAM in 65nm CMOS is designed. Post-layout SPICE simulations show improvements of 5.5x energy efficiency and 27.2x speed in average over a conventional digital near-memory computing scheme. In addition, the design has been fabricated and the measurement results show support of up to 800MHz clock at 1.0V and 1.2GHz at 1.2V.


The Centre for the Study of the Climatisation in animal houses (RUG) has studied biological abatement techniques during two years in order to minimize the odour nuisance caused by 600 broilers.
A pilote-scale biofilter (composed of a heather-peat mixture) and a pilot scale bioscrubber (with a polyurethane foam as packing material) have been compared and optimized. Afterwards an economical evaluation is made. The optimalization is mainly related to the bioscrubber : the filterbed height has been halved to 0.5 m and the powerful sprinkling water installation has been replaced in order to decrease energy costs.
This study shows that, given a sufficient check up and maintenance, the biofilter and bioscrubber efficiently eliminate ammonia and other odour compounds. The financial efforts are, however, considerable. So, at this moment, a general application of these techniques is not (yet) advisable.


Molecular replicators studied in-vitro exhibit product inhibition, typically caused by the hybridization of products into dimer complex that are not able to replicate. As a result, the replication rate and the selection pressure is reduced, potentially allowing the "survival of everyone". Here, we introduce a stochastic evolution model of replicating and hybridizing RNA strands to study the effect of product inhibition on evolution. We found that hybridization, though reducing the rate of replication, can increase the rate of evolution, measured as fitness gain within a period of time. The positive effect has been observed for a mutation error smaller than half of the error threshold. In this situation, frequency-dependent competition causes an increased diversity that spreads not only within a neutral network but also over various neutral networks through a dynamical modulation of the fitness landscape, resulting in a more effective search for better replicators. The underlying model is inspired by RNA virus replication and the RNA world hypothesis. Further investigations are needed to validate the actual effect of accelerated evolution through product inhibition in those systems. Significance Statement In this paper we present a novel evolutionary phenomenon, where product inhibition, though reducing the effective replication rate, can accelerate the rate of evolution. We show this phenomenon in a model of simulated single-stranded RNA (sRNA) sequence evolution extended by hybridization of sRNA, causing product inhibition. The evolutionary phenomenon could be relevant in (a) prebiotic evolution, where replicating polymers hypothetically emerged and where very likely subject to product inhibition, (b) biotic evolution, e.g., where RNA strands of viruses replicate within a biological cell, or (c) artificial molecular or chemical evolution, where product inhibition might be used to evolve molecules with desired properties more efficiently.


The invention discloses ultraviolet light curing colored paint and a preparation method thereof. The formula of the ultraviolet light curing colored paint comprises the following components in part by weight: 40 to 45 parts of resin, 25 to 30 parts of monomer, 4 to 6 parts of photoinitiator, 20 to 25 parts of diluents, 0.5 to 1 part of levelling agent and 2 to 3 parts of color concentrate. The ultraviolet light curing colored paint can be used for painting home appliances in a single coating spraying mode. Compared with the conventional ultraviolet light curing colored paint, the ultraviolet light curing colored paint has the advantages of greatly reducing paint cost, labor cost and equipment investment and reducing two thirds of environmental pollution caused by a spraying industry. The ultraviolet light curing colored paint has high constructability, good economic benefit and a wide market prospect. A film-forming paint film has excellent qualities of high levelling property, high fullness, high hardness, high color and luster, high scratch resistance, high chemical resistance, high adhesive force to high impact polystyrene and the like. By the ultraviolet light curing colored paint, the gap of the domestic spraying industry is filled.


Objective To investigate the local-regional recurrence in thoracic esophageal cancer after radical surgery including two-field lymph node dissection and provide evidence for postoperative radiotherapy. Methods We reviewed local-regional recurrence for 134 cases with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery from 2004 to 2009. Results In 134 cases, lymph node metastasis rate,anastomosis recurrence rate and tumor bed recurrence rate was 94. 0%, 9. 7% and 3.7%, respectively. As to the 126 cases with lymph node metastasis, significant difference was detected between mediastinal metastasis, supraclavicular metastasis and abdominal lymph node metastasis (80. 2%, 43.7% and 13.5%,respectively, χ2= 113. 15, P = 0. 000). Furthermore, the relative metastasis rate in upper mediastinum,middle mediastinum and the lower mediastinum was 73.8%, 39.7% and 1.6%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 139. 11, P = 0. 000 ). Significant difference was identified between right and left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (31.7% vs 16. 7%, χ2= 7. 81, P = 0. 005 ).To confirm the analysis above,lymph node metastasis rate of left recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, (including region 1L, 2L, 4L and 5) ,right recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, azygos nodes, subcarinal nodes, and 2R region was 38.9%, 43.7%, 15.1%, 34.1% and 25.4%, respectively. Conclusions The main characteristics of local-regional recurrence may be lymph node metastasis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery. On the contrary, tumor bed recurrence is rare. Dangerous regions include supraclavicular nodes, recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes, azygos nodes as well as subcarinal nodes.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms/surgery;  Neoplasms recurrence,postoperation;  Lymph node metastasis, postoperation


[Extract] Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding in Laos offers an ethnographically rich portrayal of Lao cultural ceremonies and rituals that stresses the importance of grassroots practices to conflict resolution. Authored by Stephanie Phetsamay Stobbe, a former Lao refugee and now an academic at Menno Simons College in Canada, the book includes insightful and descriptive personal vignettes of Lao cultural practices. It is unfortunate, however, that poor academic rigour and notable methodological flaws weaken the book.


approach data usage as binders has been established for a long time. This standard work goes into detail on the composition, structure and properties of these important binder groups. It shows different precise calculation approaches in modern coatings development and ways to formulate polyester and alkyd resins in experimental designs. A practice- and future-oriented reference book that should not be missing in any laboratory!


We refine the complexity landscape for enumeration problems by introducing very low classes defined by using Boolean circuits as enumerators. We locate well-known enumeration problems, e.g., from graph theory, Gray code enumeration, and propositional satisfiability in our classes. In this way we obtain a framework to distinguish between the complexity of different problems known to be in $\mathbf{DelayP}$, for which a formal way of comparison was not possible to this day.


Firstly,this paper put forward two evaluation systems of financial competitiveness which are value-oriented from the perspective of comprehensive performance and cash flow in telecom enterprises.Secondly,we use the factor analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to make an empirical research on the world top 20 telecom enterprises which are chosen from the Fortune 500 companies.And then we carry out a correlation analysis between the results of value creation and the results of two evaluation systems of financial competitiveness from the perspective of comprehensive performance and cash flow.Finally,we draw a conclusion that the process of improving the financial competitiveness in telecom enterprises is exactly the value-oriented process of achieving value creation,value realization and value operation,which need to be in compliance with the basic path of "financial transformation-synergic strategy-value creation-value realization and operation-value culture".


The test was conducted in orchards at the Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Res. Stn., Byron, Ga. Both a Maygold cultivar (ripening date 25 May) and a Dixiland cultivar (ripening date 10 Jul.) were selected for the test. The 4 year-old orchards were square, 0.8-ha blocks, which were planted in 6.1 by 6.1 m spacings, having 14 trees by 14 rows. The orchard was quartered into four plots (7 by 7 trees) and treatments were assigned to each plot randomly. Premeasured portions of the insecticides were added to 50 gal of water in an air-blast sprayer. Each tree (49 per plot) received ca. 1 gal of solution. Application dates for both orchards were as follows: 19 Mar., 2 Apr., 12 Apr., 24 Apr., 8 May, and additionally in the Dixiland orchard on 29 May, 12 Jun., and 26 Jun. The test plots also received a complete fungicide program utilizing both Benlate and Captan. Sampling for PC and CFI were taken from the nine center trees (3 by 3) in the 49 tree (7 by 7) treatment plots. Ten fruit per tree were removed periodically and examined for PC feeding and egg laying scars and CFI scars. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, one-way classification.


1. Summary. A simplified solution is presented for the problem of finding a set of points and corresponding weights that will minimize the variance of the estimated value of a Chebyshev regression function at a point outside the interval of observations. This problem, among others, was solved by Kiefer and Wolfowitz [3] by means of game-theoretic methods. The solution here is based on a simple theorem in [2] arnd well known properties of Chebyshev systems of functions. 2. Introduction. Let fo(x), fi(x), * , fk(x) be a set of continuous functions that are linearly independent and constitute a Chebyshev system on the two intervals [-1, 1] and [-1, t], where t > 1. Let (1) E[y(x)] = 3ofo(x) + * * * + Okfk(x) denote a regression function whose value is to be estimated at the point x = t by means of observations y,, Y2, I ..., Yn to be taken at the points xl, x2, *... , Xn in the interval [-1, 1]. It is assumed that the y's are uncorrelated random variables possessing a common variance a2. The x's need not be distinct. The technique introduced in [3] to reduce the preceding estimation problem to one of estimating a single regression coefficient will be employed here; therefore consider the problem of estimating the coefficient Ok in an optimum manner. It is assumed that fk(t) $ 0, otherwise the coefficient of a non-vanishing fj(t) is selected instead. Following the notation of [2], let (2) gk(x) = fk(x) - j_ hjfj(x), where the h's are numbers such that gk(x) is orthogonal to fo(x), , fk,(x) with respect to the x's. That is, (3) EZ=1 gk(xi)fj(xi) = 0 j < k. Then (1) may be expressed in the form E[y(x)] = aofo(x) + * * * + ak_Jfk-1(x) + /kgk(X).


Making use of Anelli's idea and an own model for isothermal grain growth, a new model for the grain growth during a continuous reheating process was deduced. This model makes use of the real three dimensional grain diameter instead of the mean linear intercept distance as a measure for the grain size. Two series of experiments have been undertaken: in the first series, the validity of the model for several intermediate temperatures has been investigated, while in the second series, the influence of the heating rate on the validity of the model has been verified. In both cases a quite reasonable matching between the prediction of the model and the experimentally determined three dimensional grain size has been found.


Detection of the spectrum holes in a cognitive radio network must be carried out very fast with minimum number of input samples. In this paper, a spectrum sensing algorithm has been proposed using compressed sensing technique which requires fewer samples than predicted by Nyquist sampling provided that the licensed user's signal must be sparse in frequency domain. An ambiguity in determining the channel occupancy by compressed sensing method can be overcome by calculating spectral overlap factor from different channels in a wireless mesh network scenario. Sometimes it is misleading whether the channel is occupied by itself or the leakage power from the neighbouring channels which is solved and shown by way of an example.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal powder composition for warm compaction. The composition of Toko according to the invention metal powder, graphite, binder if desired, if desired alloying elements and ethylene - bis - contain a lubricant consisting essentially of stearamide, organic mixture prior to warm compaction It is subjected to treatment with a solvent. The present invention relates to a method of further producing a sintered product, the organic solvent is added during the mixing of the metal powder composition, and is vaporized prior to warm compaction.


Here Euler notes the recursive relation for the general binomial coefficients, by assuming that (1+x)^a can be expanded in a power series.


Burn injury is one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma and a major health problem of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. The risk of infection in pediatric burns is well-known. An observational checklist was used by the researcher to assess the patients' characteristics and factors related to burn injury and infection from 1037 pediatric patients. The observational data collection showed that 56.5% of patients were males. The highest risk groups for burn injury are preschool stages. The most frequent places for burns were home 97.5%. The mechanism of burn includes scalds 72.5%, flame 22.8%, contact 2.1%, electrical 1.8%, chemical 0.8% and friction 0.2%. The prevalence of infection was 23.4%. Patients from flame burns more likely get infections 39.1% (p=0.001). Other factors associated with infection such as degree of burns, extent of body burn surface and length of hospital stay. Regarding etiology of scald burn injury, hot water is a predominant cause of burn injury 78.99%. There was a significant relation between Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) and mortality p<0.001. Patients with >40% of TBSA has a high proportion rate for death 55.7%. The majority of died patients caused by flame 65.6% and statistically highly significant P<0.001. Infection and inhalation injury are the main factors related to death 37.7% vs. 58.0%. From 748 positive samples, the most common found organism was MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 34.2%, followed by Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Acienetobacter baumannii 16.7%, 16.4% respectively. Patients with greater mean TBSA and prolonged hospital stay more likely to get Gram-negative bacterial and fungal infections and highly statistically significant p<0.001. Many other studies are need to determine the epidemiology and factors related to microbiological infection among pediatric burn patients.


In their respective books, Alex Jones and Jack Fuller examine what news is, how traditional journalism has been threatened, and how it can sustain its mission in the future. Lee Konstantinou's novel brings these theories to life, painting a picture of the "mediasphere" in the not-so-distant future.


Mayonnaise as an oil in water emulsion with pH<4.1 is one of the oldest man made emulsions that is now one of the most widely used sauces in different countries. Nowadays , gums are widely used to increase stability and also changing the rheological properties of mayonnaise. In this research, the effect of different levels of fat substitutes including xanthan gum and basil seed gum at concentrations of 0.45, 0.6, 0.75% on the emulsion stability, sensory characteristics, creaming and chemical parameters of reduced fat mayonnaise have been investigated. All the samples had high stability during storage and no creaming was observed. The emulsions stabilized with basil seed gum and xanthan gum mixture (0.75%) had the most odor. The emulsion containing 0.45% basil seed gum had the highest spreadability score.


In 2000 a collaborative project was developed to denounce the myth that adolescent pregnancy is not an issue for the Asian and Pacific Islander (API) community. It was also aimed to inform policymakers of the need to provide resources to support teen pregnancy-prevention efforts in the API subpopulation communities. The project Teen Pregnancy among API Communities: The Importance of Understanding Subpopulations was funded by The California Wellness Foundation as part of its Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative. This article presents highlights from both of the project activities which include 1) disaggregation of 2000 Census data into 11 API racial/ethnic groups and 2) project results. Included in the project results are data on limitations of the analysis; utilization of California family planning services provided through the FamilyPACT (Planning Access Care and Treatment) program; and analysis of welfare reform. Policy recommendations are provided.


The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is causative agent of Lyme disease. We have used various bioinformatics tools for predicting the function of unknown proteins present in B. burgdorferi's genome. While analysing the proteome data of B. burgdorferi, we have found 819 proteins. Out of these, 241 proteins are conserved hypothetical proteins (HPs), i.e., proteins of unspecified structures and biochemical functions. We have successfully annotated 120 HPs, and their corresponding functions have been predicted using different tools. On the basis of predicted functions, we have divided them into functional classes. Annotation and identification of functionally important regions in HPs from B. burgdorferi will enhance our understanding of new functional proteins, virulence mechanism and adaptability in host system.


Dennis Hopper, who died on 29 May, may be best remembered as a fearles movie actor. But in one of his last in-depth interviews, he reminisced to Nick Roddick about his extraordinary parallel careers as director, painter and photographer


From past decade the business organizations are more concentrating on the human capital because they are the most valued and most treasured assets. While recruiting the candidates the organizations has to map carefully the available human resources because they create the competitive advantage for the organizations. This research paper deals with " selection trends of ITI candidates". This research basically depends upon primary and secondary data collected from ITI candidates, internet and online journals, research papers. Primary data was collected from 50 trainees using questionnaire method. The results were obtained from percentage method. The research findings reveal that ITI follows best recruitment and selection process and they are satisfied with the organizational climate and the organization follows ethical recruitment policy.


A speaker has a case having a peripheral projection, a magnetic device having a yoke, and a permanent magnet and secured to the case. A diaphragm is secured to the case at the peripheral projection. A protector has an upper plate and a cylindrical holding portion at the periphery of the upper plate. The protector is secured to the case at the cylindrical holding portion.


The prediction of permanent deformation accretion in granular materials as a result of long-term cyclic loading is a complex challenge that receives great attention in engineering fields, including infrastructural design and design of offshore wind turbines. Many models have been proposed in the past which aim to predict this cyclic deformation accumulation for specific or general purpose. One of the most advanced models available is the "High-Cycle Accumulation (HCA) model" byNiemunis et al (2005) [1]. Although very promising, this model is as of yet rarely used in Dutch geotechnical engineering practice. One of the possible reasons for this is the lack of understanding and availability of the model. This thesis has the aim to overcome these problems by gathering relevant information on the HCA model, implementing it in Plaxis 2D finite element software and inspecting the capabilities of the resulting FE routine. After gathering the information on the model from literature, it was concluded that the model has great potential and is themost extensively validated model available. However, there are also some boundary conditions for which the model fails to predict the deformations correctly. The model also requires a vast number of advanced laboratory tests to be carried out in order to compute the model parameters. The implementation of the constitutive equations in Plaxis 2D was performed successfully and was verified for a single-element type case. When applying the FE routine to a boundary value problem, numerical issues arising from the finite element calculation kernel conflict with the sensitivity of the HCA model to the state parameters, resulting in a severe over-estimation of accumulated settlements. A sensitivity analysis was carried out, which shows that the model is highly sensitive to the parameters of the hypoplastic model (which is used in the initial calculation phase of the FE routine). It is concluded that for the HCA routine to be used in Plaxis, the numerical issues should be investigated and possibly a numerical interface should be designed. The high sensitivity to the model parameters, combined with the vast amount of required effort (and cost) to compute these parameters for a sand sample make the model less favourable for practical design applications.


The present invention, the present invention as about operation of the deinterleaving buffer to reduce the size and number of buffers required for a receiver in a receiver of a mobile communication system using block interleaving and an apparatus are received through a wireless network a relative to the frame Reed-Solomon (RS) buffer the received frame in the course of operation of the deinterleaving buffer configured in the receiver of the mobile communication system into a plurality of sub-buffer to perform the decoding that the de input to the interleaving buffer address and RS decoding is set to be a frame cycle through the address buffer is output to the upper layer. And in the present invention, the de After the RS decoded by the sub-buffer units of a frame input to the interleaving buffer, RS the decoded frame e. G., One after the output to the upper layer in units of frames, and rotation at regular intervals frame the deinterleaving buffer and the type in a newly received frame to the input address having the same pattern as the output address is characterized in that the reduction of the size and number of buffers required for the receiving end. De-interleaving, a buffer, a frame, Reed-Solomon, the sub-buffer, decoding


This paper presents a three phase voltage correction device (TPVCD) using multi-winding transformer (MWT). The device can provide balanced 3 phase power supply of desired voltage to critical consumer equipments even when the grid voltage is varying and unbalanced. The device uses a special winding and switch arrangement to emulate MWT tap changing. The MWT tap settings are dynamically adjusted using a voltage correction scheme to obtain the desired voltage. The capability of the device is verified by simulations studies under voltage imbalance scenario due to unbalanced loads in the distribution network.


Effective program evaluation provides feedback from participants that can be used to make improvements and justify program expenditures. This study describes a method of evaluating the benefits of Business Retention and Expansion (R&E) visitation programs. The effectiveness of this relatively new economic development strategy has not been explored systematically. Opinions of 81 program coordinators across six states were solicited regarding eight key aspects of the benefits of their R&E visitation program. The R&E visitation program was most beneficial at enabling the community to demonstrate a pro-business attitude and at providing data for local economic development strategic planning. The R&E program objectives of helping firms use state and federal programs and providing early warning for plant closures did not rate as well, suggesting a need for changes in the program. Despite these deficiencies, the R&E programs were rated very successful, with eighty-nine percent of respondents recommending it to p...


A transformation of the private equity industry has occurred in recent years. The financial crisis of 2007-2008 and the sovereign debt crisis caused a substantial decline in private equity activity while a new wave of rules has substantially strengthened the oversight and regulation of the private equity industry. Analysis suggests the effects of market and regulatory developments will be particularly adverse for the European private equity industry. In contrast, private equity activity in the United States is likely to continue its growth aided by the revival of the U.S. economy and the measured approach of U.S. regulators toward the risks posed by the industry. The purpose of this chapter is to offer an analysis of market and regulatory developments in the private equity industry in the United States and Europe in the post-financial crisis era and to provide an assessment of the future of the private equity industry.


The demand for faster computation speed in modern digital signal processing is huge. However, the computation speed that single processor can provide is limited. To address this demand, both distributed system and parallel processing are becoming a requirement in an embedded system. Therefore, research about algorithm and application of parallel processing is very important to be conducted. Implementing MPI's standard to an embedded system will increase the application portability, therefore parallel programming will be easier to be implemented. This paper presents a novel design and implementation of MPI on top of our microkernel named FLoW which are built and run on an embedded system. To decrease communication latency, we propose a communication layer design based on MPI. On this layer, a process manager is made to handle multi-processes and routing services mechanism. In addition, a mailbox system is created to temporarily keep the message which is sent when the collective operation occurs. From our experiments, the time required to complete the data transmission process ranges from 400 to 500 microseconds for each process, and in parallel task testing using MPI, the speedup can achieve up to 40-50%.


A big challenge in organic synthesis is to reach a high regioselectivity. Enzymes catalyze usually highly regiospecific reactions and can function as ideal biocatalysts for such purposes. Some secondary metabolite enzymes can even use distinctly different unnatural substrates and expand therefore their potential usage in chemoenzymatic synthesis. We report here the acceptance of benzyl diphosphate as an alkyl donor by the fungal dimethylallyl transferase FgaPT2 and the regiospecific enzymatic benzylation of tryptophan and several analogues.


The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of galantamine in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects and assess the safety and tolerability of galantamine in both ethnic groups. Parallel groups of healthy Japanese (n = 13; 6 males and 7females) and Caucasian (n = 12; 6males and 6 females) subjects matched for weight and age received single oral doses of galantamine 4 mg, or galantamine 8 mg, or placebo in a double‐blind, three‐way crossover trial according to a randomized dosing schedule. Concentrations of galantamine and norgalantamine were determined in plasma and urine samples taken up to 48 and 24 hours after dosing, respectively. Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the trial by recording adverse events, laboratoryr tests, and cardiovascular parameters. The mean plasma concentration‐time profiles of galantamine were very similar after single doses of galantamine (4 and 8 mg), and there was an approximate dose proportionality of galantamine pharmacokinetic parameters in both Caucasian and Japanese ethnic groups. The mean (± SD) pharmacokinetic parameters in the two ethnic groups did not show any clinically relevant differences. The ratios for the area under the plasma‐concentration curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0∞) in Japanese. Caucasian subjects with 4 and 8 mg doses were 103% (90% confidence interval [CI] = 92–116) and 107% (90% CI = 94–121), respectively. Ratios for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values were 107% (90% CI= 90–127) and 108% (90% CI =95–123), respectively These ratios and associated 90% CIs were within the 80% to 125% range limit of bioequivalence. Analysis of variance (ANCWA) showed that these ratio values demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two ethnic groups. There was no overt difference in the adverse event profile in Japanese subjects compared with Caucasian subjects. There were no serious adverse events, and no subjects discontinued from the study because of adverse events. No consistent or clinically relevant pattern of blood chemistry, hematology, or cardiovascular changes was seen. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetic profiles of galantamine after single‐dose administration are not statistically significantly different between Caucasian and Japanese groups. Galantamine was well tolerated. The safety and tolerability of galantamine were very similar in the two ethnic groups.


Recent molecular and morphological studies have shown that the genera Halosarcia, Pachycornia, Sclerostegia, Tecticornia and Tegicornia are closely related and form a monophyletic group. Support for the monophyly of the individual genera in the group is lacking, with the smaller genera nested in a paraphyletic Halosarcia. In light of this it is proposed that these genera be subsumed into a single genus for which the most appropriate available name is Tecticornia. A conspectus is provided of all species in the expanded Tecticornia, with new combinations given for 30 species and 13 subspecies.


Changes in the behavior of housewives before training and some mentoring are the emergence of awareness of housewives, who are members of the PKK organization, in increasing family profits, before training and mentoring, mothers still do not understand in making shrimp nuggets, where most of the results, shrimp are only sold conventionally, at low prices. But after the implementation of training and mentoring, can produce nuggets that are better and better, because they already understand about good nuggets making techniques. In addition, it increases awareness of the importance of the role of housewives in helping family income income which is no longer the responsibility of the husband alone.
Training and counseling in the manufacture of shrimp nuggets in the future can be followed up to continue mentoring, so that from home products can be an extraordinary home industry. Home industry can be in the sense that it can be managed individually or as a group of mothers from Tambak Lekok residents. If home industry, especially individually and carried out mentoring continues, it is possible to submit the legalization of the Certificate of Household Industry Food Products (SPP-IRT), namely by utilizing the results of Technology owned by the University of Yudharta Pasuruan in the context of downstreaming.


for an Invited Paper for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Density dependent anisotropic phases in a two-dimensional hole system MICHAEL MANFRA, Bell Laboratories Anisotropic charge transport is observed in a two-dimensional (2D) hole system in a perpendicular magnetic field at filling factors ν=7/2, ν=11/2, and ν=13/2 at low temperature. In stark contrast, the transport at ν=9/2 is isotropic for all temperatures. Our results for a 2D hole system differ substantially from 2D electron transport where no anisotropy has been observed at ν=7/2, and the strongest anisotropy occurs at ν=9/2. Isotropic hole transport at ν=13/2, 11/2 and 7/2 is restored for sufficiently low 2D densities. The density dependence of the observed anisotropies suggests that strong spin-orbit coupling in the hole system contributes to the unusual transport behavior.


Based on the normal high and surface data,the spring snowstorms in 2012 and 2013 were comparatively analyzed. The result showed that the advantageous circulation background,motivation and water vapor condition for the snowstorms were supplied by the trough deepened by supplement of the cold air in front of the ridge in middle-high latitude and low level southwest jet stream established. The warm shear at the top of the surface inverted trough and the shear in front of the Mongolia trough directly impacted the twice snowstorms. The temperature in the middle and low level was the key point for spring snows. The temperature fluctuations in the earlier stage and the vertical temperature change on different level,especially the inversion layer on low level,which could provide evidence for snow phase.


The aim of the study was to analyze the literature data regarding the pathogenetic role of insulin signaling disorders and diabetes-associated hyperglycemia in the mechanisms of diabetic encephalopathy and hypersensitivity of the brain to ischemia-reperfusion.
Conclusion. Analysis of the literature data shows a number of common links between the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy and ischemic-reperfusion brain injury, which may, to some extent, explain the predisposition of diabetics to acute cerebral circulatory disorders and their adverse course. However, it is clear that the severity of such comorbid pathology cannot be explained only by the additive effect of individual links in the pathogenesis, which indicates the necessity for further in-depth study of its molecular-genetic aspects.


AIM
To determine the impact of infarct localization and types of reperfusion therapy on the frequency of ventricular premature beats (VPBs) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

METHODS
A total of 705 patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were divided according to the infarct localization (anteroseptal, anterolateral, inferior and posterior) and reperfusion therapy (fibrinolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting) into two groups: LVEF<45% was an experimental group and LVEF>45% was a control group. The occurrence of VPBs<10 per hour was defined as a non-significant, and the occurrence of VPBs>10 per hour defined as a significant.

RESULTS
In patients with fibrinolysis therapy and LVEF<45% significant number of VPBs were in anteroseptal (p=0.017), anterolateral (p<0.001) and posterior AMI (p<0.001), but in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and LVEF<45% significant number of VPBs were only in anteroseptal AMI (p=0.001) localization.

CONCLUSION
In patients with reduced ejection fraction in AMI, treatment with PCI method has a better antiarrhythmic effect compared to fibrinolysis treatment.


This dissertation applies to an issue of Theory of Mind of Preschool Children. Its theoretical part firstly explains the psychological specification of preschool age in terms of cognitive and emotional development together with the process of socialization. The second part of the thesis clarifies the term of mind theory and other related terms (as mental representation, self-consciousness, false belief etc.) Subsequently it focuses on mind theory development, circumstances which may influence its development and on ways which are used when exploring the issue of Theory of Mind. The main task of the practical part is to ascertain the level of ability to apply the Theory of Mind to preschool children and to observe the fact of its correlation between the presence of other siblings in a family. The ascertained level of Theory of Mind is consequently compared to age, gender, the number of siblings in a family, birth order and single parent family.


The old and the new are identified in relation to the body as situated in performance modes that are coupled with technology. The "body assaulted" and its appearance in several performance practices will exemplify the idea of the "old". The "old" is characterized by the notion of embodiment, in which an enhanced sensation towards one's own body is the focus. In the "new", technology-mediated practices, particular computer-gaming, emphasize a move away from embodiment towards a post-phenomenological usage of the body. The body actual features alongside a virtual body, and experiences are built on illusionary identities and a detachment from one's Self. In computer gaming, the performing body is a disembodied one that is always in constant flux. The "new old" features technologies such as nanotechnology that allow for re-injection of embodiment into performances; extensions become implants, illusionary identities reshape into parasitic identities seated within the Self.


Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), an anti‐cancer phytochemical derived from cruciferous vegetables, strongly inhibited proliferation and down‐regulated protein levels of the melanocyte master regulator micropthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF‐M) in oncogenic BRAF‐V600E expressing melanoma cells in culture as well as in vivo in tumor xenografted athymic nude mice. In contrast, wild type BRAF‐expressing melanoma cells remained relatively insensitive to I3C anti‐proliferative signaling. In BRAF‐V600E‐expressing melanoma cells, I3C treatment inhibited phosphorylation of MEK and ERK/MAPK, the down stream effectors of BRAF. The I3C anti‐proliferative arrest was concomitant with the down‐regulation of MITF‐M transcripts and promoter activity, loss of endogenous BRN‐2 binding to the MITF‐M promoter, and was strongly attenuated by expression of exogenous MITF‐M. Importantly, in vitro kinase assays using immunoprecipitated BRAF‐V600E and wild type BRAF demonstrated that I3C selectively inhibited the enzymatic activity of the oncogenic BRAF‐V600E but not of the wild type protein. In silico modeling predicted an I3C interaction site in the BRAF‐V600E protomer distinct from where the clinically used BRAF‐V600E inhibitor Vemurafenib binds to BRAF‐V600E. Consistent with this prediction, combinations of I3C and Vemurafenib more potently inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and reduced MITF‐M levels in BRAF‐V600E expressing melanoma cells compared to the effects of each compound alone. Thus, our results demonstrate that oncogenic BRAF‐V600E is a new cellular target of I3C that implicate this indolecarbinol compound as a potential candidate for novel single or combination therapies for melanoma. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This paper focuses on the intersection between agendas for housing renovation and social politics for ageing-in-place and social integration of people with psycologial disabilities. The aim is to understand how elderly tenants and people on a longer sick leave are affected by a renovation. In a sample of 79 interviews, 34 tenants decided to permanently relocate as a results of a renovation. When the renovation is a driver for permanent relocation, tenants do so to avoid disturbances and temporal evacuation. If the home is subjet to a comprehensive or deep renovation, rent increases is another reinforcing factor to relocate. While tenants that move prior to a renovation worry about how the renovation will affect their daily life and their economy, tenants that move after the renovation do so because they are dissatisfied with the results of the renovation. The findings calls for awareness for how housing renovation will affect vulnerable tenants and highlights the need for the design or appropriate communication strategies.


High carbon high chromium alloy tool steels (D-3) with excellent abrasion resistance (HRC: 58-65) are increasingly used in manufacturing high performance cutting tools (dies and punches), blanking and punching tools, extrusion tools, etc. Being a hard material, it is difficult to machine using conventional machining methods. Wire Electric Discharge Machine(WEDM) seems to be a viable option to machine such difficult to machine materials. In this paper, the effects of various process parameters of WEDM like pulse width, time between two pulses, maximum feed rate, servo reference mean voltage, short pulse time and wire mechanical tension, have been analysed for optimizing surface roughness(sr) while machining D-3 material. Experimental investigation based on Taguchi's L-27 orthogonal array has been done. Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and various plots are utilized to predict the optimal set of process parameters to minimize the surface roughness. The confirmation experiments have also been conducted to validate the results predicted by Taguchi technique.


General comments: In this manuscript authors used new sedimentological and existing geological and geophysical data to assess tectonic, eustatic and surface controls on the Burdigalian transgression in the Molasse Basin. Even through most of the data and ideas appear interesting and important; there are some fairly significant items that need modification prior to publication. The comments provided below will require major revision of the manuscript. Manuscript structure needs reorganization. 1) There is no clear separation between existing data and author's own original data. Result and Discussion section include background information that should be presented earlier in Geological setting (section 2).


Through 12 long years, my wife and I struggled with the perplexity of our youngest daughter's disorder. Consultation after consultation and examinations by pediatricians, psychiatrists, neurologists, and family physicians yielded little more than a collage of symptoms, or a more truthful "We really don't know what the problem is." Even a university hospital had little to offer in the way of a diagnosis. We could find no concrete explanation for her insatiable appetite, her poor muscular development, her sudden outbursts of temper or stubbornness, and her moderately retarded intelligence. The only, very unsatisfactory, answer we found was that our daughter was disabled, possibly with cerebral palsy: in short, a mentally retarded child. But our family could see that this was only an incomplete response to her complex problem. One memorable day, I recall being intrigued by an article in the "Medicine" column of a weekly magazine about an "eating disorder."


DALI bus is a special communication protocol used in lighting control system.DALI ballast is a slave processor of DALI system.The interface circuit of DALI ballast was designed.It could automatically complete the process of lamp preheat,trigger,power control and self-protection,and could be connected into the DALI system.Otherwise,it also could be wireless controlled to realize the intelligent lighting.The design of the hardware,the control program and the program flow chart were presented.