A hybrid chain comprises a chain having toothed link plates 2, 6, located on either sides of bushings 9, wherein the toothed link plates mesh 2, 6, with first 13 and second sets 13 of teeth on a sprocket while the bushings 9 engage a third set 14 of teeth on the sprocket located between the first and second sets. The bushings ideally have rollers 10 mounted thereon. When meshing with the sprocket, a rear flank 11a of a tooth of a link plate 2, 6 engages the forward flank of a sprocket tooth 13. Once the rollers / bushings 8 become seated between the teeth of the third set 14, the flank of the link plate is spaced away (clearance) from the sprocket tooth. Each link plate may have a single tooth, or possibly two teeth. All sets of teeth of the sprocket may have the same angular pitch, with the middle set shifted by half the pitch angle.


K. Nagendran and C. G. Balaji, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; S. Mohankumar, Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; S. K. Manoranjitham, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India; R. A. Naidu, Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350; and G. Karthikeyan, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India.


Actual problems all over the world now are certainly the achievement of effective and sustainable development of the country's agricultural production and import substitution. So, enterprises have tasks in terms of optimal and low-cost use of resources and planning their use and on organizing financing. The article is devoted to IT-technologies that open up new opportunities for the use of existing resources in the agricultural sectors. Thus, it was shown that it is through the development and improvement of the available technological base and the introduction of new information development that agricultural production is developing at an intensive pace and reaches new heights.


Hydrophilic microporous polymer membranes were prepared through thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) with 38% of ethylene and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the diluent. The morphology of microporous membrane was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the mode of phase separation and the size of the micropores were determined by polymer concentration and cooling rate. The lower the EVOH concentration was, the more easier the L-L phase separation occurred; the slower the cooling rate was, the larger the pore size formed. With EVOH concentration of 60%, S-L phase separation occurred at lower cooling rate while S-L phase separation and L-L phase separation were observed simultaneously at higher cooling rate.


IIR and FIR filters are the most used digital signal filters. The application of each filter type depends on the needs of the user. IIR filters are generally used for applications with limited memory. In comparison, FIR filters are usually used for applications where the linear phase is essential. In this study, the implementation of FIR filters on pink noise audio samples was observed. Various FIR window method filters such as rectangular, hamming, hanning, and Blackman will be compared. Each type of filter will have a different filter order due to computing the frequency cut-off point for each filter. The comparisons were made by observing the gain response, the time domain signal, the frequency response, and the phase response. The results indicated that the Hanning window method is a better filter because it produces low delay and good attenuation. Things to be considered in designing FIR filters are fluctuations in frequency response and phase shift. Alterations on cut-off points on the filters and delay usage can be deployed for some improvement


Congenital left atrial wall aneurysms are rare abnormalities that arise from a developmental weakness in the muscular wall. It may be misdiagnosed or go undetected and the delay in diagnosis can lead to catastrophic consequences.


Rainfall measurement plays an important role on the understanding and modeling of the water cycle. However, the assessment of scarce data regions using common rain gauge information, cannot be done using a straightforward approach. Some of the main problems concerning rainfall assessment are; the lack of a sufficiently dense grid of ground stations in extensive areas and the unstable spatial accuracy of the Satellite Rainfall Estimates (SREs). Following previous works on SREs analysis and bias-correction, we generate an ensemble model that corrects the bias error on a seasonal and yearly basis using six different state-of-the-art SREs (TRMM 3B42RT, TRMM 3B42v7, PERSIANN-CDR, CHIRPSv2, CMORPH and MSWEPv1.2) in a point-to-pixel approach for the studied period (20032015). Three different basins; Magdalena in Colombia, Imperial in Chile and Paraiba do Sul in Brazil are evaluated. Using Gaussian process regression and Bayesian robust regression we model the behavior of the ground stations and evaluate its goodness-of-fit by using the modified Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE'). Following this evaluation, the models are re-fitted by taking into account the error distribution in each point and the corresponding KGE' is evaluated again. Both models were specified using the probabilistic language STAN. To improve the efficiency of the Gaussian model a clustering of the data was implemented. We also compared the performance of both models in term of uncertainty and stability against the raw input concluding that both models represent better the study areas.


The quotient h/mn (h Planck constant, mn neutron mass) has been measured with a relative uncertainty of 7,7 × 10-8. The result is h/mn = 3,956 033 320 (302) × 10-7 m2s-1. To obtain it, a beam of neutrons with an identical and well-known wavelength was produced by Bragg reflection in a perfect silicon crystal; the velocity of the neutrons was measured using a very precise time-of-flight method. According to the de Broglie equation, h/mn is equal to the product of these two quantities. From h/mn the value of the fine-structure constant α can be derived. The measured value of h/mn leads to α-1 = 137,03601082 (524) (relative uncertainty 3,9 × 10-8). The experiment was carried out at the high-flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, France.


Motivated by the pivotal role of CXCR4 as an HIV entry co-receptor, we herein report a de novo hit-to-lead effort on the identification of subnanomolar purine-based CXCR4 antagonists against HIV-1 infection. Compound 24, with an EC50 of 0.5 nM against HIV-1 entry into host cells and an IC50 of 16.4 nM for inhibition of radioligand stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) binding to CXCR4, was also found to be highly selective against closely related chemokine receptors. We rationalized that compound 24 complementarily interacted with the critical CXCR4 residues that are essential for binding to HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop and subsequent viral entry. Compound 24 showed a 130-fold increase in anti-HIV activity compared to that of the marketed CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100 (Plerixafor), whereas both compounds exhibited similar potency in mobilization of CXCR4(+)/CD34(+) stem cells at a high dose. Our study offers insight into the design of anti-HIV therapeutics devoid of major interference with SDF-1α function.


ABSTRACT Zinc sulfide (ZnS) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized in different ionic liquids (IL) with microwave irradiation. Particle characterization by means of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical spectroscopy (UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence) showed a strong dependence of the particle size depending on the IL employed. Whilst all ILs yielded particles in the nanometer regime and showed in their optical properties quantum confinement, particularly small particles were obtained from choline-base ILs pointing to the strong influence of this IL cation in blocking the particle growth. Here, quantum dots of 1.5–3 nm size were yielded for both, ZnS and CdS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A computational approach is presented to obtain energy-minimized structures in glassy materials. This approach, the activation-relaxation technique (ART), achieves its efficiency by focusing on significant changes in the microscopic structure (events). The application of ART is illustrated with two examples: the structure of amorphous silicon and the structure of Ni{sub 80}P{sub 20}, a metallic glass. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The observation that the Mars Pathfinder landing site looks very similar to its appearance after it was deposited by catastrophic floods around 1.8-3.5 Ga allows quantitative constraints to be placed on the rate of change of the site since that time. The abundance of erosional features such as an exhumed former soil horizon, sculpted wind tails, ripplelike and other tag deposits, and ventifacts (fluted and grooved rocks) all suggest the site has undergone net deflation or loss of 3-7 cm of material. The presence of barchan dunes and ventifacts argues for erosion by saltating crystalline sand-size particles entrained in the wind. Most ventifacts probably formed soon after the catastrophic flood, which likely introduced a large, fresh supply of sand-size particles distributed across the rocky plain. The strongest winds blew toward the northwest during this time, resulting in the sculpting of ventifacts, deflation of the surface, collections of dunes within Big Crater and other lows, and possibly preferentially eroding small crater rims. The predominant wind direction changed to blow toward the southwest, similar to today. These winds further deflated the surface, completed the deposition of sand-size material in dunes and ultimately trapped these dunes in lows. The erosional features observed by Pathfinder indicate extremely low long-term deflation rates of 0.01-0.04 nm/yr since the end of the Hesperian (1.8-3.5 Ga) similar to less precise rates of <1 nm/yr based on the preservation of craters at the Viking 1 and Pathfinder landing sites. Short-term redistribution rates (deposition and removal) of atmospheric dust at the Pathfinder landing site and preexisting dust and sand at other locations on Mars are up to 10 5 nm/yr. Estimates of erosion rates on Mars show a rapid decrease by 3-6 orders of magnitude from 10 2 -10 4 nm/yr in Noachian terrains (characterized by rimless, flat-floored craters and valley networks) to the exceedingly slow rates (10 -2 -10 - nm/yr) operating during the Hesperian and Amazonian. Noachian erosion rates comparable to low continental denudation rates on Earth are consistent with erosion by running water and perhaps a more clement climate. The rapid decrease in erosion rates is consistent with a major climatic change during the Noachian, at the tail end of heavy bombardment, and a cold, dry, desiccating climate similar to today's since that time.


The invention discloses a solar vehicular air puffier. The solar vehicular air purifier comprises a housing, a solar panel, a power source, a filter system, a fan device, a control circuit system, a photocatalyst generator, a negative-ion generator and a charging socket. The housing is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the power source, the filter system, the fan device, the control circuit system, the photocatalyst generator and the negative-ion generator are arranged in the housing, one end of the housing is provided with the charging socket, and the rotatable solar panel is arranged at the other end of the housing. The solar panel is connected with the power source, and the control circuit system controls working time and start and stop of the photocatalyst generator and the negative-ion generator. Formaldehyde and benzene type gas in the air and bacteria, virus, microorganisms and organic pollutant in cars can be effectively eliminated, the air is effectively purified, and with the control circuit system controlling the photocatalyst generator and the negative-ion generator to control operating states, solar energy is used as a power source, thereby being economic and environment friendly.


When implementing E-learning, the teacher does not meet face to face with students, even though the role of the teacher in schools is very important in addition to teaching and educating students. It causes E-learning to have various impacts, both negative and positive impacts. This study aimed to analyze E-learning learning in fifth-grade elementary school students. This type of research was qualitative research. The techniques used to collect data were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The instrument used to analyze the data was a questionnaire. The technique used in analyzing the data was descriptive qualitative. The data analysis technique in this study used three data acquisition procedures, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The result of the research is that E-learning can increase students' motivation and interest in learning more actively. E-learning is more flexible and can be accessed from anywhere. Can make students more independent in solving problems. The obstacle faced by students is the lack of supporting technology facilities for this learning process, such as the quality of gadgets and signals in the area around the school.


masseurs; and 9 men who were employees of agencies supplying sex workers as escorts or masseurs prepared to visit clients. The latter three samples were obtained by the snowball method or by answering the men's advertisements. In an unusual twist, 16 self-employed masseurs were visited by †̃¿ volunteers' (gay men who preferred to remain anonymous) who took the role of clients and reported on the services provided. Thus, through a variety of sources, a picture of male prosti tution is painted. The canvas is lurid; there is much detail here of the sexual practices available or sampled and this reader was reminded of the work of Nancy Friday or other such well known †̃¿ researchers'. But there is a serious core to the book. The authors detail the life histories of the sex workers to examine the assumption that youths involved in prostitution are psychiatrically impaired or personality disordered, have been sexually abused as children or have escaped chaotic, brutalising homes to be seduced on the streets by older gay men. One cannot help wondering if they find what they set out to find; there is a tone in the book that suggests that prostitution is alright really, it is just our moral society which condemns and ostracises —¿ it is even a bit of profitable fun for some of the men in the book, particularly the self-employed masseurs. The authors rightly conclude, however, that it is dangerous to generalise; there is enormous variation here in lifestyle, organisation of the business, amount of money changing hands, and the relationship between punter (client) and sex worker. Street boys were clearly


Two major types of relational information can be utilized in automatic document classification as background information: relations between terms, such as ontologies, and relations between documents, such as web links or citations in articles. We introduce a model where a traditional bag-of-words type classifier is gradually extended to utilize both of these information types. The experiments with data from the Finnish National Archive show that classification accuracy improves from 70% to 74% when the General Finnish Ontology YSO is used as background information, without using relations between documents.


The invention discloses a spatial data measuring method and device. Target points are determined by a sensor on the measuring device, and distance between the target points is correspondingly calculated according to the number of the target points, or the area of a plane including the target points is calculated, or the volume of a space including the target points is calculated. Through the measuring device, the target points can be determined simply in real time, and the calculation of distance, area and volume can be carried out quickly, so that the measurement of distance, area and volumeis more convenient and quicker.


In questioning the metaphors of spatiality, the previous three chapters can be thought of as problematizing received notions of mobility. That is, they juxtapose the advantages of travelling 'through' different social spaces with an attention to the precise labour of division entailed in any particular engagement. In their problematizing of existing notions of time, the next three chapters might seem more concerned to explicate a notion of motility, the facility to bring the material of social spaces near or far and make matters appear present or absent. Each chapter, in its different way, juxtaposes the effects that flow from movement 'across' social spaces against the capacity for deferra/-a withdrawal from divisions. Ostensibly Heather Hopfl's chapter examines Ionesco's play The Chairs, but the central concern of the chapter is 'with the gathering or swelling which precedes division and separation'. For Hopfl, the site of production where the labour of division is performed is the 'site at which proliferation' occurs and the 'paralysis of dependency' is experienced. As in Brown's chapter, when there is a moment in which the reader begins to feel that they cannot take yet anther event-at least not before Brown has staged his return to the concept of the labour of division-there is a problem in the disposal of detail. In its interest in making us experience the 'swelling' before rupture, Hopfl's chapter is even more unrelenting than Brown's. Noting that Ionesco's plays carry a common theme of the 'fear of proliferation, of overwhelming growth, of overpowering size and oppressive intervals of time, of compulsive production and reproduction', Hopfl's writing mimics Ionesco's 'intensification, acceleration, accumulation, proliferation'. The point of departure for the chapter is announced in the title, where the Latin root of the word division (dividere) is related to the idea of 'widow' through its Sanskrit word (vidhava), meaning bereft


This article presents an interview with the statistician and chairman of the National Research Council Committee on AIDS Lincoln Moses. According to Moses there is a great need for comprehensive research about peoples perception motivation and ideas of sex would be an initial step toward effective education and counseling in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. He added that information about sex sexual behaviors and practices are limited and so are studies done in the field. Hence the research could greatly enlighten individuals about risky behaviors and would help them change their sexual practices. Moreover in the campaign against AIDS the Committee suggested multiple strategies to determine the prevalence of the disease such as national household surveys and anonymous testing of newborn babies and aborted fetuses. However laws are still needed to provide confidentiality and anti-discrimination in performing the latter method. Such laws were recommended by the Watskin Commission during Reagans term but were ignored by the President. Finally inducing people to change their sexual behavior relies on what and how it is said to them through what medium by whom and what circumstances.


Objective To investigate the implementation of the pre-hospital,hospital treatment measures of oral organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and its impact on prognosis.Method Sixty-eight patients with severe oral organophosphate poisoning,the integrated therapy of pre-hospital and hospital clearance of toxicity,the application of specific antidotes,artificial respiration,dehydration and anti-shock were analyzed.Results In 68 patients with severe organophosphate poisoning,9 died,the death rate was 10%;they were died of respiratory failure in 4 cases,2 patients died of shock,2 patients died of cardiac arrest,died of multiple organ failure in 1 case.Some severe patients with non-thoroughly gastric lavage,intimely antidote use,lately respirator use and so on in the treatment process.Conclusion Whether completely get rid of toxicity,antidote dosage control,time of selecting artificial ventilation,the implementation of comprehensive treatment have some significance on the patients′ prognosis.


Society is an aggregate of present and future generations. We study stochastic inter-generational programming problems in which similar treatment of generations in similar situations is possible. For such problems, all patient, inequality averse societal welfare functions that are perfectly Pareto responsive have the same optimal policies. When the outcomes of irreversible decisions are partially learnable, the optimal policies for patience preferences yield a variant of the precautionary principle. Under mild conditions, optimal policies exist and there is a single Bellmanlike equation characterizing them.


The global shift in energy reserves structure, including Russia, is moving towards the effective development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs (EIA 2013). However, the problem of assessing hard-to-recover reserves in low-permeability, organic-rich reservoirs still lacks a comprehensive solution. This is primarily due to the lithological, physicochemical, and reservoir properties of the rocks, and often results from the utilization of a limited set of laboratory techniques that yield different values for the same measured property. Several studies on various aspects of unconventional reservoirs also emphasize the necessity of employing alternative techniques for laboratory analysis of core samples (Handwerger et al. 2012; Yuan et al. 2019; Curtis et al. 2012).
 Currently, the depletion of oil and gas reserves in traditional sandy reservoirs has made the search for new hydrocarbon deposits increasingly important. A significant area of focus in this regard is the study of potentially productive intervals within unpromising kerogen-clay-siliceous strata that are rich in organic content. One notable example of such intervals is the high-carbon Bazhenov formation in West Siberia (Ulmishek et al. 2003; Kontorovich et al. 1997). Modern field development methods, such as hydraulic fracturing (HF), the use of organic solvents, and thermal recovery, have enabled increased production from high-carbon formations with low reservoir properties. However, in order to make accurate predictions for the development of high-carbon formations using modern methods, it is crucial to accurately describe the complex void space system and understand the relationship between hydrocarbon compounds, water, and the solid rock matrix. Otherwise, it is impossible to predict the behavior of the void space following anthropogenic interventions using modern field development techniques.
 To date, several methodological recommendations and approaches have been developed for assessing oil resources and calculating reserves in Bazhenov formation deposits (Bilibin et al. 2015; Petersilye, Komar, et al. 2016; Prishchepa et al. 2015). However, these methodological recommendations should be carefully adjusted depending on the type of formation, the degree of organic matter (OM) transformation in high-carbon formations, and other factors. Factors such as macro- and microlithological characteristics of the section, mineral composition, reservoir properties, type, maturity, and amount of OM in the rock, morphology of the pore space and its hydrocarbon (HC) filling, the presence of free and bound water, and wettability, among others, should be initially included in the fluid dynamic model. These factors form the basis for refining existing methodological recommendations.


This work presents a real-time biofeedback tool that employs wearables and the Internet of Things with educational applications to improve students' learning and retention. We aimed to create a web platform using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) architecture to predict students' performance, analyze mental fatigue, and provide real-time quantitative biofeedback to identify the best learning modality. Thus, the main goal was to develop a system that allows students to learn and improve their projects. We integrated the analysis of real-time biometric signals, machine learning algorithms, and web services as we observed their behavior under different learning modalities, seeking to improve cognitive performance. For this, 23 volunteers filled out the ten-question Fatigue Assessment Scale questionnaire about mental fatigue, validated with the P300 waves acquired during auditory-oddball (AO) tests. Synchronized data acquisition was achieved using Enophones and an E4 wristband. To develop predictive models, we collected the biometric data and incorporated it into an ML algorithm to visualize students' performance in real time. The system can accommodate other wearable systems with new features in further experiments. Thus, we believe this current development has the potential to further revolutionize traditional teaching with this methodology and future enhancements.


Smart city highly relies on cloud computing, Internet of Things and other new technology means, which bring hidden information risk diffusion to urban information security. How to reasonably allocate current urban resources, avoid these information security risks as much as possible,
 and obtain the highest benefits, have become a practical problem to the current healthy development of smart cities. Based on the discussion of related concepts and technical theories, the information security resource allocation influencing factors index system is constructed from the following
 aspects: resources, threat sources, vulnerabilities and security measures. With the further analysis of information security factors and their affecting mechanisms, the basic theoretical framework of information security resource allocation is established based on the evolutionary game. The
 information security resource allocation problem is divided into the internal resource allocation and external resource allocation. External resource allocation is subdivided into complementary external resource allocation, alternative external resource allocation and weakly related external
 resource allocation. Under this framework, the subject relationship in various situations is analyzed. This research work can conduct a reasonable allocation of resources related to information security.


Abstract The similarity of two target flavors (A and B) was assessed in rats by measuring generalized aversion from A to B. Experiment 1 showed that pairing the target stimuli with differential events (AX/BY) prior to poisoning of A makes the target stimuli more discriminative than does pairing the target stimuli with a common event (AX/BX). Experiments 2A and 3 demonstrated that pairing of X and Y after such distinctiveness training reduces the distinctiveness effect, and Experiment 2B gave some validity on our generalized aversion technique. These results indicate that putting X and Y together after the AX/BY distinctiveness training reintegrates A and B and enhances the generalization between A and B. Several accounts of this finding are discussed.


Previous empirical literature finds that student performance is inversely correlated with absenteeism. This study investigates the impact of enforcing an attendance policy on absenteeism and student performance. The evidence suggests that an attendance policy significantly improves reduces absenteeism and improves exam performance.


Modelling biochemical conditions of the intraorgan medium in type-2 spinal muscular atrophy in the organotypic tissue culture allowed us to detect the inhibiting effect on the growth of axons of sensory ganglia in 10–12-day chicken embryos. It is shown that the degree of © Соколова М.Г., Лобзин С.В., Пеннияйнен В.А., Кипенко А.В., Лопатина Е.В., Резванцев М.В.,


The paper mainly discusses fault diagnosis of hydraulic system,illustrates application of subjective diagnosis methods through instance as well as approaches other fault diagnosis methods of hydraulic system.


Through analyzing the current software project management process for software development house,a Man-Hour system (MHS) on Web based to improve the project management level was proposed and developed. Based upon the requirement analysis,a developing plan on Microsoft .Net framework was proposed. The main functions of the system are man-hour data entry,data enquiry,statistical report etc. All the stages of software engineering for developing this system were discussed and explained in full. Three layer data structure was employed in the system. Namely,they are presentation layer,function layer and data layer.


Characterizing the mechanical characteristics of living cells and cell–biomaterial composite is an important area of research in bone tissue engineering. In this work, an in situ displacement-controlled nanoindentation technique (using Hysitron Triboscope) is developed to perform nanomechanical characterization of living cells (human osteoblasts) and cell–substrate constructs under physiological conditions (cell culture medium; 37 °C). In situ elastic moduli (E) of adsorbed proteins on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) under cell culture media were found to be ∼4 GPa as revealed by modulus mapping experiments. The TCPS substrates soaked in cell culture medium showed significant difference in surface nanomechanical properties (up to depths of ∼12 nm) as compared to properties obtained from deeper indentations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the cytoskeleton structures such as actin stress fiber networks on flat cells which are believed to impart the structural integrity to cell structure. Load-deformation response of cell was found to be purely elastic in nature, i.e., cell recovers its shape on unloading as indicated by linear loading and unloading curves obtained at 1000 nm indentation depth. The elastic response of cells is obtained during initial cell adhesion (ECell, 1 h, 1000 nm = 4.4–12.4 MPa), cell division (ECell, 2 days, 1000 nm = 1.3–3.0 MPa), and cell spreading (ECell, 2 days, 1000 nm = 6.9–11.6 MPa). Composite nanomechanical responses of cell–TCPS constructs were obtained by indentation at depths of 2000 nm and 3000 nm on cell-seeded TCPS. Elastic properties of cell–substrate composites were mostly dominated by stiff TCPS (EBulk = 5 GPa) lying underneath the cell.


Research in organizational behavior focuses on expressed and felt emotions as indicators of employee health and satisfaction. In contrast, less conceptual and empirical work addresses the display of feelings as part of the job. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to guide theory development and research about the causes, qualities, and consequences of emotions that are expressed to fulfill role expectations.


We propose a radio frequency (RF) sensor built on a fabric textile substrate for pulmonary edema monitoring. The 37-port RF sensor is designed and optimized to operate at 60 MHz with a low input power of 1 mW. By applying the least squares (LS) method, an equation was obtained for dielectric constant estimation using the transmission coefficient of each RF sensor port. The simulated errors are estimated for normal lung, edema and emphysema infected lung cases using a human chest model with an average error of 0.57%. Inkjet printing of the proposed design is then discussed.


PCB technology based on both rigid and flexible laminates is desirable for miniaturization of mobile devices and systems. The technology provides substantial flexibility in systems design. The ability to use flexible microsystems allows new sensing systems for mobile applications. Using this design, fabrication and construction approach allows lightweight, complex, and space efficient systems. Flex microsystems based on structurable, non-fiber filled laminates permits miniaturization to occur at two levels: at the micro scale with the embedding of microstructures in the substrate, and at the macro scale with the ability to flex the system across millimeter to centimeter lengths of real everyday objects. The macro scale systems further allows ultra large systems with high resolution features permitting novel sensor systems. Examples will be given where the technology has enabled devices, systems and packaging innovation across several spatial scales. Mobile (environmental, medical, portable, embedded) sens...


The article is basis on particularly geographical environment and economical setting of northwest of china,studying the suitable method of principal functional regions.Firstly,it is mentioned that adopt comprehensive index method to analyze resources,environment and socio-economic development,and then using space analysis method,as principal factor analysis,overlay analysis,and buffer analysis.In the end,formulating principal functional regions planning program,and proposing the differentiation of policy suitable forall principal functional regions.


The purpose of authors – the colleagues cooperating within the Russian-German working group on vocational education – is to determine features of the German dual system of vocational education and training (VET) which make it effective and popular not only in Germany, but also in the world. Methods. In the presented article the methodology of comparative research on the basis of the analysis of results of activity of Slovakia, Italy, South Korea, Russia and other countries on reforming of VET system on the basis of experience of Germany is used. Methods of collecting empirical information on the projects started in the specified countries, methods of the conceptual and terminological analysis, interpretation and modeling, a problem method are chosen. Results. Specifics of the German dual system are revealed; the generalized model of dual VET is constructed; features of approaches of the different countries to use positive experience of Germany for development of its own VET systems are characterized. Scientific novelty. The authors point out the consecutive justification of the conditions necessary for quality vocational education in modern market economy relying on results of the comparative analysis of reforming processes of VET systems in different countries. Practical significance. Need of public-private partnership as bases of quality of personnel preparation and ensuring economic competitiveness of the countries is shown and concrete ways of creation of such partnership in a number of the Russian regions are described. The experience presented above can be used throughout the Russian Federation.


The time-dependent cosmic ray modulation due to solar activity and global merged interaction regions is studied with a self-consistent model of the interaction of a time-varying solar wind, including pickup ions, with cosmic rays. After a study of the spatial evolution of global merged interaction regions, their different effects on local as well as global modulation of both galactic and anomalous cosmic rays are analyzed. It is found that the long-term modulation cannot be explained alone with successive step decreases in the cosmic ray intensities caused by global merged interaction regions, but that an additional long-term global variation in spatial diffusion is required. The analysis for a solar wind with pickup ions reveals that there occurs a significant upstream expansion of global merged interaction regions accompanied by a decrease of their peak density enhancement. Both effects lead to an immediate recovery of the cosmic ray intensities after a step decrease. Furthermore, the calculated response of the solar wind termination shock to the passage of global merged interaction regions shows minor changes in the structure and position so that the shock remains in a gas-dynamic (pickup ion) dominated state; that is, it is never cosmic ray dominated. This investigation also shows that the decay of global merged interaction regions is particularly fast during their interaction with the termination shock and in the region beyond, so they probably cannot be interpreted as the downstream modulation barriers discussed in the literature.


 Abstract. Abstract of this paper is to show how geographic technology can enhance the detection and management of Inflow and Infiltration (I/I) into sanitary sewer systems. Inflow and Infiltration into sanitary sewers can mean unnecessary and expensive wastewater treatment costs. Detecting source of I/I and prioritizing their repairs can be most efficiently done using android based 3D GIS. By capturing a spatial attribute and a digital picture for each sanitary sewer defect, one can then streamline defects reports and analyze defects in the system in a way to prioritize those repairs that would have the most impact on reduction of I/I.


An ultra-wideband (UWB) printed monopole antenna with dual band-notched characteristics is proposed. Two spiral electromagnetic-bandgap (EBG) structures placed on the front and back side of the substrate are employed to create two notch bands at 5.2 and 5.8GHz for the lower and upper bands of the wireless local-area network (WLAN), respectively. The notch-frequency can be tuned, and the band width is narrow and adjustable. Furthermore, the spiral EBG structure used in this design are more compact than conventional mushroom-type EBG. Equivalent circuit model is extracted and discussed to explain the operating mechanism of this structure. The proposed antenna has been simulated and measured in both the frequency domain and time domain, good agreement between calculated and experimental results has been achieved.


After defining economic activity the author lists the chief types of non–market economic activities for which he has prepared estimates for the United States 1929–1973, and briefly describes his methodology and data sources. Some major findings are: (1) As of 1973 GNP adjusted to include the additional imputations was 63.5 percent larger than the official estimate. (2) At least since 1929 imputed values have grown faster than official GNP, especially when both are measured in terms of real factor costs. (3) The personal sector comprises a far larger portion of the national economy‐almost one‐third—when account is taken of imputed labor and property compensation, and its relative importance has grown. (4) Gross government product is more than 60 percent higher when the imputed rental value of public property is added to the compensation of general government employees. (5) Reflecting the relative growth of non‐business wealth, imputed property income has risen much faster than monetized property income. This has mitigated the decline in the property share of expanded gross national income compared with its share in the official estimates.


In the title compound, [Ni(C12H6N2O4)(H2O)2], the NiII atom (site symmetry 2) displays a distorted cis-NiN2O4 octahedral coordination geometry with two N atoms and two O atoms of the tetradentate 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate ligand in the equatorial plane and two water molecules in axial positions. The complete dianionic ligand is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry. In the crystal, a two-dimensional supramolecular structure parallel to (001) is formed through O—H⋯O hydrogen-bond interactions between the coordinated water molecules and the O atoms of nearby carboxylate groups.


X‐ray induced F bands in melt‐grown mixed crystals of KCl and RbCl were studied. Though no resolution of ``component'' F bands was obtained at liquid nitrogen temperature, the behavior of the F band parameters as a function of concentration of RbCl in KCl and as a function of temperature is shown to be explainable by postulating the existence of a set of ``component'' F bands, each arising from an F center with a given composition of positive ions immediately surrounding it. Some studies of other mixed crystals are also mentioned.


In contrast to other malignancies such as melanoma and sarcoma, Glioblastoma (GBM) remains difficult to treat with immunotherapies. Recent studies have shown that positive immunotherapeutic responses are mediated by the accumulation of germinal-center-like B cells which are predictive of survival in patients treated with neoadjuvant PD1 blockade. In contrast, GBM-associated B-cells are scarce and the establishment of germinal-center like cells have not been observed. This study seeks to identify how B-cells are driven towards their immunosuppressive phenotypes in GBM and how this prevents immunotherapeutic efficacy. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in a CT2A murine glioma model, TGFb receptors 1 and 3 were identified as the most highly expressed inhibitory receptors on GBM-associated B cells. Furthermore, using scRNA-seq, TGFb1 was identified as the most highly expressed immunosuppressive cytokine in the TME, which was produced principally by tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). Inhibiting the myeloid compartment using intracranial anti-Gr1 antibody in combination with PD1 blockade resulted in B-cells exhibiting greater proliferation and differentiation into memory B-cells in addition to germinal-center-like B-cells. Further demonstrating B-cell functional reprogramming, autologous T cells isolated from spleens exhibited greater proliferation and robust anti-tumor cytotoxicity when cocultured with tumor-associated B-cells from the dual treatment group. Finally, inhibiting a5b8 integrin, a key complex in releasing active TGFb, increased tumor-infiltrating proliferating B-cells and conferred a long-term survival benefit in the CT2A murine model. Our results demonstrate that the immunosuppressive TME of GBM is influenced by the vital interplay between B-cells and the TME through TGFb signaling. This study highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting the TGFb signaling pathway in conjunction with the current standard of care for GBM.


TN reviewing the vast literature on drugs that ¦¦- interfere with the reproductive process, it be¬ comes relatively simple to categorize them into several main classes: (1) drugs administered to the male to control spermatogenesis, (2) vaginal spermicidal agents to inhibit released spermatozoa, (3) drugs administered to females to suppress ovulation, (4) drugs administered to females to inhibit corpus luteum formation, and (5) drugs administered to females to inhibit implantation or to destroy blastocysts. In addition, there are indica-tions that drugs may eventually be perfected that will bring about destruction of epididymal sperma¬ tozoa or operate effectively at the levels of the ovary or ovum.


Through the implementation of effective business planning, organization and control, procurement management activities, a reasonable choice of procurement method, procurement varieties, purchase volume, purchase frequency and purchase location, with limited capital to ensure the effective conduct of business activities, to reduce business costs, accelerate cash flow and improve the quality of enterprise management has played an active role.


The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide has been studied in the presence of a large number of metal ions and their complexes1,2). Interest in radiation chemistry of aqueous solutions where hydrogen peroxide is one of the products and the use of acidic ferrous sulphate solutions as dosimeter in these studies has particularly stimulated the investigation on the kinetics of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Fe+2, Fe+3 and their complexes1,2). Ferrous sulphate solution can be used as a dosimeter under acidic conditions only, as at higher pH the hydrolysis of Fe+2 and Fe+3 interferes. Recent studies3-6) have shown the possibility of using the aqueous solutions of ferro- and ferri-cyanides over a range of pH as dosimeter. In the studies of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide catalysed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide7-11), it is suggested that the catalytic properties of hexacyano ferrates are through their hydrated products. The present study aims at studying the interaction of aquapentacyanoferrate11) with hydrogen peroxide over a range of pH, concentration and temperature.


A coating on the basis of silver‐containing hydroxyapatite (silver‐hydroxyapatite) was deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and ellipsometry were used to analyse the change in structure and stoichiometry of the coatings upon the change of the negative electrical bias (–50 V and –100 V) on the substrate. The chemical composition of the sputter‐deposited coating was identical to the target. However, an increase in the negative electrical bias on the substrate led to a decrease of the coating thickness. In addition, the average size of the grains decreased from 55 ± 15 nm (grounded substrate) up to 30 ± 10 nm when an electrical bias of –100 V was applied.


Parallel circle frameworks are equipped for satisfying quickly expanding requests for both substantial stockpiling limit and high I/O execution. Be that as it may, it is trying to fundamentally increment circle I/O transfer speed for information escalated workloads because of the unwavering quality and moment handling of information solicitations under element workload conditions and the ideal tradeoff between framework adaptability and information dependability in information serious frameworks. To build the figuring execution and diminish power utilization, we proposed a novel half and half construction modeling that comprises of heterogeneous registering gadgets that comprises of Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Hard Disk Drive (HDD) exhibit and Solid State Disk (SSD). The most as often as could reasonably be expected utilized information will be put away as a part of the Solid state circles making the hard plates drive in a rest mode, however much as would be prudent to decrease the vitality utilization. We directed broad analyses to quantitatively assess the execution of the proposed construction modeling. Exploratory results demonstrate that coordinating GPU and DSP with the HDD and the SSD altogether lessen the force utilization over utilizing the GPU just without scarifying the execution.


3rd International Symposium on Cardiovascular Diseases 52A-Inside Back Cover N P Society of Cardiology & The Victorian Heart Center 48A Asia Publishing Exchange (APEX) 48A Asinri Cardiowsailnr & Thorncic Annnls 1 OA Carbohledics 7A Cardiothoracic Research & Education Foundation 9A Datascopc 11A Elsevier Science 47A Geister 17A Hewlctt-Packard 16A, 51A hledical Carbon Research Institute 4 0 A A 1 A 20A-2 1 A hledtronic 22A-23A hleadox


Royal Tour Picture Album, by Elizabeth Morton. London, UK: Sunday Graphic/Pitkin Pictorials Ltd, 1953. 104 pages.
ONE of the joys of travelling the world and collecting books is the historical oddities that turn up in the most unexpected places. I have a splendid copy of the complete works of Shakespeare dating to the Second World War, completely re-set, so the frontispiece notes, due to the original plates having been 'destroyed by enemy action'. One wonders at the perfidy of the Luftwaffe in trying to blow up the Bard.


ZnO nanowires grow in the bulk solution by two steps including preparation of the seed substrate or wafer substrate using the hydrothermal method.This paper introduces the ZnO seed crystal substrate and non seed crystal substrate preparation process which is explained respectively.In ortder to seek the optimum growth conditions,the growth of ZnO nanowires is studied through adjusting the precursor concentration,temperature,PH value and the mount of the polyethyleneimine(PEI).It is also found from the measured photoluminescence(PL)spectra at room temperature that ultraviolet peak,blue and green peak exist in the sample.Finally,doping material and doping concentration determines the luminescence properties of nanowires and magnetism through hydrothermal method.


Most cities of the world have serious problems concerning air quality, which have received increasing attention in last decade. Some of these problems can be attributed to urban population growth and changing land use that has resulted in larger urban areas (Fenger, 1999). The main goal for air quality improvement in urban areas is the protection of human health (Bigi and Harrison, 2010). One of the major metropolitan cities in southern Iran is Shiraz and its residents have been suffering from health problems related to air pollution during recent years (Hadad et al.,2005). Health concerns associated with air pollution include effects on the respiratory system such as reduced lung function, increased hospital admissions, chronic bronchitis and mortality (Kan and Chen, 2004). Emissions that contribute to air pollutants are from different sources, they can be categorized as follows; motor traffic, industry, power plants and domestic fuel (Fenger, 1999). Pollutants do not act independently in eliciting their effects; therefore, it is important to understand relationships between air pollutants and meteorological parameters (Bigi and Harrison, 2010).


The effect of microwave and dc magnetic fields on the unloaded quality factor and the resonant frequency of two differently coupled hysteretic 3 GHz microwave SQUIDs was investigated. The SQUID loops are integrated into and solely inductively coupled to the superconducting resonator, respectively. The dissipative and the reactive response are analyzed in terms of a phenomenological model by Silver and Zimmerman. The temperature dependencies of the threshold field for microwave induced quantum transitions and of the coupling strength between SQUID ring and resonator are discussed. Conditions for optimized operation are deduced for both samples. The results indicate that it is possible to reduce the coupling coefficient, k2, by a suitable loop design while maintaining, at a reduced temperature, a sufficiently large dc field induced variation of the microwave losses (transfer function).


be prepared to overcome the planning crises which environments and conditiGns create. gation". unpublished doctoral dissertation, School of Business Administration. The University of Western Ontario. London, Canada, 1975. 2 Gary A. Sheehan. "The Relationship of LongRange Strategic Planning to Firm Size and to Firm Growth". unpublished research study, Department of Industry, Trade and Commerce. Office of Science and Technology, Ottawa. Canada. 1975. References 3 Alfred D. Chandler. Jr .• "Strategy and Structure", M .I.T. Press. Cambridge, Mass .. 1962. Gary A. Sheehan. "Long Range Strategic Planning and Its Relationship to Firm Size. Firm Growth, and Firm Growth Variability: An explorative Empirical lnvesti4 Bruce R. Scott, Stages of Corporate Development, ICCH-4-371-294/ 5. Harvard Business School, Boston. Massachusetts.


Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method. After heat treatment at different temperatures, CoFe2O4 samples were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis and magnetic properties test. The results show that the average size increases with the increasing of the heat treatment temperatures. A particle size of 10 to 12 nm is obtained after heat treatment at 100 C and 10 to 40 nm at 700℃. The saturation magnetizability and remanent magnetizability increase as the heat treatment temperatures increase.


The most important researches have been presented together with the finds from the north Croatia in the period after the proclamation about the synthesis of the Celts in Yugoslavia in PJZ V, in 1987. The researches in the region of Vinkovci, Osijek are presented, together with researches and processing of the middle Latten cemetery in Zvonimirovo near Virovitica, as the excavations in the region of Zagreb state. Most of these finds are dated in the middle and late Latten, although very rare early Latten finds are also mentioned.


the highest Baliga figure of merit (FOM) of 0.6GW/cm so far for β-phase gallium oxide (Ga2O3) vertical Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) [Noah Allen et al, IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol40, issue 9 (September 2019), p1399]. The breakdown voltage was 1100V. The Baliga FOM measures the trade-off between breakdown voltage (BV) and on-resistance. The reported value is competitive with state-of-the-art gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) SBDs. One previous report of a Ga2O3 SBD gave a Baliga FOM of 0.39GW/cm with a 2.44kV breakdown voltage. The team from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and the University of Southern California in the USA, Novel Crystal Technology Inc in Japan, and the US Naval Research Laboratory used a small-angle beveled field plate (SABFP) and non-punch-through (NPT) design to achieve the high FOM. Field plates (FPs) are used to massage electric fields, reducing peak values for a given bias. The NPT design consists of a lightly doped drift layer, which contains all of the space-charge region even at breakdown. In punch-through (PT) designs, by contrast, the spacecharge region begins to encroach on the more heavily doped lower region of the device. PT designs enable higher breakdown voltages, but at the cost of higher on-resistance. The researchers comment: "The NPT design is particularly critical for Ga2O3 devices as it makes them competitive with vertical GaN and SiC devices despite the higher bulk electron mobility in GaN and SiC." Ga2O3 is being explored for high-power and highvoltage application due to its high expected critical field of order 8MV/cm, resulting from its ultra-wide bandgap of 4.8eV, compared with 3.3–3.4eV for GaN and SiC. The electron mobility of Ga2O3 is over 200cm/V-s. Another attractive feature is the availability of largediameter Ga2O3 substrates. Novel Crystal Technology has spec sheets for 2-inch diameter and 10mmx15mm substrates. The Ga2O3 drift layer was grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on 2-inch tin-doped n-Ga2O3 substrates (Figure 1). The doping donor concentration (ND) of the drift layer was in the range 3.0–3.5x10/cm. Device fabrication was initiated with thinning the substrate from 652μm to 400μm, using mechanical grinding and polishing/chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). The aim of this step was to reduce series resistance. Spin-on-glass (SOG) served both as a hard mask for mesa etching and as the field-plate dielectric/support. A 45°-bevel was achieved by hydrofluoric acid wet etching of the SOG hard mask through patterned photoresist (PR), and then inductively coupled plasma etch of the Ga2O3 with boron trichloride reactive ions. The bevel/mesa etch depth was ~1μm. The shallower bevel structure was obtained using a bilayer mask that consisted of 450nm SOG followed by 200nm of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon dioxide (SiO2). The SiO2 layer speeded up the lateral wet etch under the photoresist through diffusion along the PR/SiO2/SOG interfaces. This enabled reduction of the bevel angle from 45° to 1°. The devices were completed with the deposition of SOG for the field-plate dielectric, backside annealed titanium/gold Ohmic contact formation, and creation of the Schottky contact/FP with wet etch of an opening in the SOG and nickel/gold deposition. The 45° (BFP) and 1° SABFP devices were compared against Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with no FP and with a standard surface FP (Figure 2). The SABFP SBD demonstrated an on–off current ratio of almost 10. The ideality was 1.2 — the excess over unity is attributed to lateral inhomogeneity of the Schottky barrier height. The effective barrier height was ~1.2eV. The differential on-resistance (Ron) was ~2mΩ-cm normalized according to the Schottky anode area. The comparison devices delivered similar on-resistance performance. The low value was enabled by the reduced substrate thickness. Destructive breakdown (BV) under reverse bias occurred at 1100V, which compared with 650V, 400V and 200V for the BFP, SFP and no FP SBDs, respectively. Traces of burning were observed at the Schottky contact edges. Technology focus: Gallium oxide


Flatting agents for coatings obtained by reacting a polyolefin wax (A) with a vinyl aromatic compound (B) and a copolymerizable ag-olefinically unsatu rated dicarboxylic anhydride (C), optionally partially replaced by at least one ov,6-olefinically unsaturated monocaraboxylic acid, the molar ratio of (B) to (C) being from 0.7:1 to 1:0.7 and the sum of the weights of (B) and (C) being from 2 to 50 percent by weight of the weight of polyolefin wax (A). The reaction is carried out at temperatures of from 100 to 200°C, in the presence or absence of conventional free-radical polymerization initiators. The agents are particularly suitable for coatings containing organic solvents.


An eight-loop superconducting magnetic monopole detector has been in continuous operation for 547 days, starting 4 March 1987. Its sensing area is 1.1 m{sup 2} for double-coincident events. The data, which contain no candidate events, set an upper limit of 7.2{times}10{sup {minus}13} cm{sup {minus}2} s{sup {minus}1} sr{sup {minus}1} (90% confidence level) on the flux of monopoles of any mass and at any velocity passing through the Earth's surface.


Follow this tutorial to enhance children's knowledge of living things and habitat, ultimately providing the impetus to get away from screens and explore nature.


Curriculum materials are a crucial tool with which teachers engage in teach- ing practice. For preservice teachers to learn to use science curriculum materials in produc- tive ways, they must develop a conception of themselves as elementary teachers in which the use of science curriculum materials is a valued dimension of science-teaching practice. We define those dimensions of teachers' professional role identities concerned with the use of curriculum materials as curricular role identity. This mixed-methods study examines preservice elementary teachers' development of curricular role identity for science teach- ing through their use of science curriculum materials. Forty-seven preservice elementary teachers in two sections of an elementary science methods course were studied over the courseofonesemester.Datasourcesincludesurveyresultsfrompreserviceteachers inboth


Abstract Based on my earlier work on the conceptualization of emotions, I wish to emphasize a number of points in this paper. First, I suggest that emotion concepts are largely metaphorical and metonymic in nature. Second, I propose that several of the conceptual metaphors and metonymies are tightly connected. Third, in line with a large body of recent result, I maintain that many of our emotion concepts have a bodily basis, i.e. that they are embodied. Fourth, I concur with many others that our emotion concepts can be seen to have a frame-like structure, i.e. that they can be represented as cognitive-cultural models in the mind. Fifth, and on the methodology side, I claim that the description and analysis of emotion concepts requires both a qualitative and a quantitative methodology. Though most of these suggestions have been accepted and embraced by a number of scholars working on the emotions, several other scholars have challenged the suggestions. As a response to such challenges, I have revised and modified the ideas above in the past 25 years. The present paper is concerned with these more recent developments.


Abstract In the current educational climate, it is not surprising for teachers to experience apathy or to disengage politically. This essay examines the ways that educators can confront climates of constraint in an effort to engage and act. By highlighting the work of a variety of educators in Indianapolis, Indiana, the authors encourage educators to identify those ideas they hold up or onto as they debunk the myth of neutrality and move toward engagement and activism.


All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. The finite-size effects prominent in zero-range processes exhibiting a condensation transition are studied by using continuous-time Monte Carlo simulations. We observe that, well above the thermodynamic critical point, both static and dynamic properties display fluidlike behavior up to a density ␳ c ͑L͒, which is the finite-size counterpart of the critical density ␳ c = ␳ c ͑L → ϱ͒. We determine this density from the crossover behavior of the average size of the largest cluster. We then show that several dynamical characteristics undergo a qualitative change at this density. In particular, the size distribution of the largest cluster at the moment of relocation, the persistence properties of the largest cluster, and the correlations in its motion are studied.


OBJECTIVE
Previous research has indicated that cohesive organization of traumatic memories may be necessary for the processing and resolution of post-trauma symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the qualitative features of memory organization, dissociation and perception of threat in traumatic memories recalled by individuals with and without acute stress disorder (ASD).

DESIGN
Survivors of motor vehicle accidents (MVA) with either ASD or no ASD participated in a study on traumatic memories within 12 twelve days of the MVA.

METHOD
Participants' audiotaped recollections of their memories of the MVA were coded in terms of disorganized structure, dissociative content and perception of threat.

RESULT
The recollections of ASD participants were characterized by disorganization and dissociation more than those of non-ASD participants.

CONCLUSION
The current findings suggest that disorganized memory structure may be one process that impedes access to, and modification of, trauma-related cognitive schema.


Between 1987 and 2013 Spain has implemented programs of rural development through the LEADER methodology, all of them led and managed by Local Action Groups (LAG). The influence of municipal governments within these GAL is a subject discussed from the beginning but lacks specificity in terms of quantitative data. . This paper identifies two indicators to measure patterns representing municipal governments. From these different situations of interest include the influence of the balance of political parties in the initial constitution of the LAG and its evolution over time, and the power of internal political negotiation of a LAG that the majority political party is faced with are analyzed the other political parties of the same LAG.


HDPE (high-density polyethene) plastic waste is stronger, harder, and more resistant to high temperatures than other plastics. Using it as an additive in a concrete mixture is one solution to reduce this type of waste. We examined how HDPE-type plastics can be used as an additive material in the manufacture of concrete to improve its hardness, tensile strength and compressive strength. Using 156 samples, we aimed to identify the effect of HDPE plastic fibres on concrete of three qualities; B0, f'c10 MPa (low quality), and f'c25 MPa (medium and high quality). We added four compositions (2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% by weight of cement) of HDPE plastic fibre to each quality of cement, with HDPE plastic fibre sizes of 1 x 1 cm, 0.5 x 2 cm or 0.25 x 4 cm. We found that the addition of 5% HDPE plastic fibre with a 0.5 x 2 cm cross-sectional shape to the f'c10 MPa concrete gives the best result, with increased tensile and compressive strength of the concrete.


Students who perform tasks competently and independently tend to exhibit fewer instances of inappropriate behavior than those who have difficulty with them (Smith, 1985). Students with severe handicaps can perfonn more competently when teachers incorporate verbal and/or physical prompts into their instruction. However, competence attained this way tends to decrease when the teacher is not present to deliver the prompts. When this occurs, an alternative to teacher prompting must be implemented to maintain student perfonnance. This is challenging, especially in community settings. One way to reduce dependence on teachers is to teach students to use self-operated prompting strategies. This type of self-management fosters student independence and improves behavior in community environments.


OBJEIVE A simple nomogram was construed to estimate the absorption rate coefficient (Ka) using the peak time (tpeak) and the elimination rate coefficient (ke) of drugs administered orally. METHOD The nomogram was based on the plasma concentration-time curve and the funion relation between tpeak,ka and ke. A mathematical analysis was presented which allowed for the construion of single chart nomogram. To check on the degree of accuracy of the developed nomogram. It was used to analyze retrospeive profiles of 46 drugs and compared the ka alues from nomogram and those calculated by solving the equation. To analyze the performance error, the measured carbocisteine concentrations were compared with the predied concentrations by ka from the nomograms along with the other pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS The estimations of ka values from nomogram were in very close proximity with the numerical values. The performance error was as follow MDPE and MDAPE are 1.3% and 18.2%, respeively. CONCLUSION The developed nomogram is accurate and reliable. The sive of performance error meets the demand of clinical pharmacokinetics. The nomograms may offer another convenient and easy method for rational individualized dosage regimen.


The development of the business prompted the company to always strive to improve the quality of products and services to consumers. The service can purchase goods was done electronically and can also be done online or electronic commerce. Implementation of business solutions is a commitment to improve its corporate customers a competitive advantage in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, performance, and business development. The research purpose is to analyze the quality of point of sale (POS) designs to support a purchasing service system that can help Nasi Kapau Unidar restaurants. This creation begins with data collection using the mean squared error (MSE) method with a flowchart approach and Unified Modeling Language (UML) with the result of the accuracy with mean squared error of 0.44.


Introduction: Ablation of the left ventricle (LV) during ablation of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) can cause significant endocardial denudation and become a source systemic thromboembolization. So we studied if Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACS) are better than Aspirin (ASA) in reducing cerebrovascular events (CVE) in patients undergoing left ventricular arrhythmia (LVA ventricular tachycardia (VT) or premature ventricular contraction (PVC) using radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods: 246 patients (from 4 centers) scheduled for LVA-RFA were 1:1 randomized post procedurally to receive DOAC or ASA. VT ablation was performed under moderate sedation or general anesthesia through retrograde aortic (n=98) or transseptal (n=148) approach. The study drug was administered 3 hours after hemostasis. A brain MRI was done within 24 hours and at 30 days. NIH stroke scale was used to assess neurological changes before, after, and at 30 days follow-up. Applications: The baseline characteristics, in-room ablation characteristics and procedural times were similar between the two groups. There were significantly lower procedure-related complications in the DOAC arm than the ASA arm (24% vs. 3.7%; p<0.001). Post-procedure CVE (TIA and stroke) were lower in the DOAC arm versus ASA arm (4.5% vs. 19.6%, p<0.001 and 0 vs. 7.1%, p<0.001; respectively). Similarly, asymptomatic CVE (at 24 hours and 30 days) on MRI were lower in DOAC arm versus ASA arm (11.2% vs 25%, p=0.006 and 6% vs 19.6%, p=0.001; respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of in-hospital mortality between the two groups. Next Steps/Future: DOAC utilization following endocardial/ epicardial ablation for LVA-RFA was associated with reduced risk of a cerebrovascular event (both transient ischemic attack or stroke), and MRI detected asymptomatic cerebrovascular event. This risk seems to be significantly higher in patient undergoing VT ablation. retrograde aortic access, long procedural time and low EF.


Net length is a key proxy metric for optimizing timing and power across various stages of a standard digital design flow. However, the bulk of net length information is not available until cell placement, and hence, it is a significant challenge to explicitly consider net length optimization in design stages prior to placement, such as logic synthesis. In addition, the absence of net length information makes accurate preplacement timing estimation extremely difficult. Poor predictability on the timing not only affects timing optimizations but also hampers the accurate evaluation of synthesis solutions. This work addresses these challenges by a preplacement prediction flow with estimators on both net length and timing. We propose a graph attention network (GAT) method with customization, called Net2, to estimate individual net length before cell placement. Its accuracy-oriented version Net2a achieves about 15% better accuracy than several previous works in identifying both long nets and long critical paths. Its fast version Net2f is more than $1000\times $ faster than placement while still outperforms previous works and other neural network techniques in terms of various accuracy metrics. Based on net size estimations, we propose the first machine learning-based preplacement timing estimator. Compared with the preplacement timing report from commercial tools, it improves the correlation coefficient in arc delays by 0.08, and reduces the mean absolute error in slack, worst negative slack, and total negative slack estimations by more than 50%.


Investigation of a belt of sedimentary rocks about 25 km wide and 75 km long which are generalized on the 1972 edition of the Forbes 1:250,000 geological sheet has indicated a stratigraphic succession at least 25,000 m thick probably of Silurian and Lower Devonian age. The basal conglomerate (Manna Conglomerate) overlies Ordovician andesitic volcanics which do not outcrop, but can be inferred from aeromagnetic maps to be present, and which are probably continuous under the Tullamore syncline with the Goonumbla Volcanics at Forbes and Parkes.


There were several unusual aspects to Margaret Manford's admirable life.

She taught physical education for four years before taking up medicine and then, from the outset, pursued a career entirely in paediatric anaesthesia. At a time when neonatal anaesthesia and surgery were performed in very few centres, …


The development of effective, nontoxic antifungal agents is one of the most important challenges for medicinal chemistry. A series of isoxazolo [3,4-b]pyridine-3(1H)-one derivatives previously synthesized in our laboratory demonstrated promising antifungal properties. The main goal of this study was to investigate their retention behavior in a human serum proteins-high-performance liquid chromatography (HSA-HPLC) system and explore the molecular mechanism of HSA-isoxazolone interactions using a quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) approach. In order to realize this goal, multiple linear regression (MLR) modeling has been performed. The proposed QSRR models presented correlation between experimentally determined lipophilicity and computational theoretical molecular descriptors derived from Dragon 7.0 (Talete, Milan, Italy) software on the affinity of isoxazolones to HSA. The calculated plasma protein binding (PreADMET software) as well as chromatographic lipophilicity (logkw) and phospholipophilicity (CHIIAM) parameters were statistically evaluated in relation to the determined experimental HAS affinities (logkHSA). The proposed model met the Tropsha et al. criteria R2 > 0.6 and Q2 > 0.5 These results indicate that the obtained model can be useful in the prediction of an affinity to HSA for isoxazolone derivatives and they can be considered as an attractive alternative to HSA-HPLC experiments.


This paper provides a brief history of the Nagin Parbhoo History of Anaesthesia Museum housed in the University of Cape Town Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine and introduces readers to the contents of the museum. Artifacts are contextualised and demonstrate the vast changes that have taken place in the specialty from the early days of 'rag and bottle' anaesthesia in the 1840s to the present. The role of a medical museum in preserving the history of the specialty, encouraging research and in using artifacts to teach physical principles relating to anaesthetic equipment is discussed. A follow-up paper will document the history of the museum.


Abstract : Network-centric support for command and control (C2) communications demands interoperability and high performance. The conceptual design and semantics for netcentric C2 have been studied for several years. Recently, reference frameworks have been developed to support C2, each suggesting a net-centric approach. Two of the reference frameworks are considered and the potential for interoperability for the net-centric architectures through experimentation is explored. Issues that affect the interoperability of the information management systems studied impact design decisions that enable network-centricity for C2 frameworks.


The association between individual adjustment and relationship adjustment is well documented, but it is not apparent whether levels of adjustment have impact on readiness to change. This study applied the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) to examine associations between distress and individual readiness for change in the couple relationship. Using data collected from 389 married and cohabitating individuals, this study examined individual adjustment, readiness to change, and relationship adjustment. Women were more ready to change than were men. Men's individual well-being (not women's) predicted readiness for couple change for both men and women; women's readiness for couple change (not men's) predicted relationship adjustment. Women's readiness for change partially mediated the pathway between men's well-being and men's relationship adjustment. These findings point toward different process-related implications for heterosexual couples. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.


The features of underground coal mine power system and coal mine rubber cable are analyzed.It is introduced a connection solution for coal mine rubber cable with the insulation shield breaker electric field control.The reliability is being proved by test data,at the same time,the outer sheath repair and the safety certification issues are discussed.Then proposes the suggestion that coal mine cable middle joint safety certification should be divided to metal and non-metal type.


Online programs that engage a global audience are often promoted as "democratizing" education worldwide. However, the ethics of expecting students globally to conform to Western academic values and processes is largely ignored. Until programs are designed and delivered with cultural intelligence and humility, their full value will be compromised. Introduction Online education—including its most recent manifestation, the MOOC (Massive Open Online Course)—is increasingly promoted by institutions, policy groups, and social commentators as the answer to "democratizing" education nationally and globally. Claims range from the modest to the extravagant: "Nothing has more potential to lift more people out of poverty — by providing them an affordable education to get a job or improve in the job they have. Nothing has more potential to unlock a billion more brains to solve the world's biggest problems" (Friedman, 2013, ¶ 1). Yet distance education scholars for decades have questioned not only the effectiveness of using culturally specific content and culturally specific pedagogies with a multi-cultural, geopolitically diverse audience, but also the ethical justification for doing so (e.g., Anger, 1987; Thompson & Kearns, 2011). Unfortunately, such discussions of the moral nature of education and the ethical implications for teaching and learning at a distance have been largely lost in the current rush to "educate the world." Important questions are being ignored by those who seem more concerned with competing in the commodified academic marketplace than with the negative impact of the standardization and conformity that characterizes many online courses offered globally. Observers of early versions of online education frequently asked whether the innovation represented a promise or threat. Subsequent developments have made clear that the answer is "It depends." Given the potential impact of online courses and programs, the field of adult education needs to focus directly on factors that minimize the threat while maximizing the promise. Perspectives on this topic depend on an educator's ideas about how education is defined and should be practiced within a particular context. Our focus is on higher education, the context within which we operate, although some of our observations and suggestions may be appropriate in other multicultural contexts. Underlying Assumptions and Norms of Practice We base our discussion on several assumptions and norms expressed widely within the adult education literature. These norms are not universal, but they are ones that shape our own practice and interest in this topic. Below we briefly introduce these ideas as a framework for our discussion of the importance of cultural intelligence and humility for online adult educators.


Seldom photographed, the architectural and landscape complex of the european palaces of the yuanmingyuan, the old summer palace of the qing emperors in beijing, was burned during the france-british sack of eighteen sixty. It is now almost completely destroyed in its original shape. This makes photography a major source of documentation. A hundred and fifty images have been collected to date, as a support for an extensive study of the palaces. They are the framework for a research on the photographers themselves, subject of this dissertation. The study covers a dozen of western photographers, amateurs and professionals, who represented the site between eighteen hundred sixty and nineteen hundred twenty-five. This is done by identifying obscure or unknown photographers, analyzing their work on the palaces as well as their photographic activities in beijing, and also by defining their individual ties with china. In this way, the work sheds some light on photography in beijing during the period of reference.


Chinese hospital pharmacists must face the challenge of the Zero-Markup Drug Policy which has been implemented since 2017 in China. The policy mandates all drugs to be sold in hospitals with no markup on price. Besides pharmacist-managed clinics (PMCs),1 we found the surgery department may be a good place for pharmacists to play a role, because most surgeons are more interested in surgical procedures than medicinal treatment, and irrational drug usage is more common in the surgery department than in the internal medicine department.

At the end of 2015, Guangdong Province Pharmaceutical Association (GDPA) put forward the concept of 'surgical pharmacist' first in China. The implementation of the Zero-Markup Drug Policy forced GDPA to create the position …


Rubus brasiliensis and Rubus erythroclados are commonly known as greenberries. This work aimed to test in vitro micropropagation protocols to greenberries. The multiplication experiment was conducted using BAP at concentrations 1 mg L, 2 mg L and 3 mg L. The rooting experiment was carried out in 1⁄2 MS medium without the addition of hormones, using 0.1 mg L NAA or 1.0 mg L IBA. The highest rate of viability of explants was obtained with R. brasiliensis propagation using 1.0 mg L of BAP. Rooting explants showed survival rates higher than 85%. Rooting rates in R. erythroclados was 87% while in R. brasiliensis it was 38%, The highest rates were obtained using 1.0 mg L 1 IBA in R. erythroclados.The acclimatization reached survival rates of 75% when rooted using NAA and 1⁄2 MS and 86% when rooted with IBA. In vitro culture shows to be a viable method to propagate greenberries.


This work contributes to the development of new approaches to tolerancing for machining using a machine tool with digital control. Our research is focused in two directions. First, it focuses on the manufacturing tolerances. The aim was to establish procedures for validating ranges of light manufacturing dispersions, manufacturing errors and machine tools with digital control, and cover various types of critical tolerances targeted. The second deals with design tolerances, for which we proposed a method for calculating functional tolerances.


The relapse of follicular lymphoma (FL) within 24 months (POD24) of chemoimmunotherapy has been associated with poor survival. We analyzed a pooled dataset of three randomized trials including FL patients with advanced disease, conducted by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK). Overall, POD24 was observed in 27% of 318 patients, but rate variance among studies suggested that the rituximab schedule might affect POD24 rate. POD24 was associated with lower 10‐year overall survival rates than in the reference group (69% vs. 77%; hazard ratio, 3·12; 95% confidence interval, 1·73–5·65). POD24 retains its prognostic validity in patients treated without chemotherapy and may represent a useful end‐point for future studies.


Focusing on the construction of libraries from the perspective of brand building,and taking the challenges and opportunities in the social background into consideration,the present study analyzes the necessity and feasibility of building a brand for the academic law libraries.Constructing the brand for academic law libraries includes the following aspects: the development orientation of the library,image building,management optimization,enlarging collections,innovation in service,personnel training,stimulating scientific research,building brand culture and so on.


Establishing the basic procedures that will influence the enhancement of the TL yield of a phosphor is paramount in the issue of dosimetry. Melt quenching method was adopted in synthesizing lithium borate glass modified with ZnO, doped with CuO and codoped with Na2O. The structural and optical properties of zinc lithium borate and some TL properties of copper doped zinc lithium borate were reported in our previous works. The amorphous nature of the prepared glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Physical properties of the glass were obtained via Archimedes principle. The copper doped zinc lithium borate was co-doped with different concentration of Na2O (0.025 mol % to 0.1 mol %). The glasses were irradiated with 4 Gy dose of gamma rays using 60Co gamma cell. The highest TL response was recorded against 0.05 mol% concentration of Na2O. The best settings for TLD reading of the proposed TLD were determined. The optimal annealing temperature and time for this composition was found to be 300 oC and 50 min respectively. The best heating rate at which the new TLD can be readout was 3 oC S-1.


Somatosensory function plays a central role in the perception of and interaction with the environment. This is especially true at the level of the hand, which provides rich somatosensory feedback. Neurological injuries, such as stroke, may not only severely affect motor function, but also the somatosensory system in likely more than half of the patients. However, in contrast to motor recovery, somatosensory recovery has received little attention, and its recovery course is less well known. Even though there is increasing evidence that post-stroke somatosensory deficits may affect long-term functional outcomes, current rehabilitation still focuses mostly on motor training. One major obstacle hindering progress in the field of somatosensory rehabilitation may come from the various shortcomings of clinical assessments of somatosensory function, as well as the very limited application of these tools in clinical practice. As a consequence, changes in perception may potentially be left unrecognized, limiting the benefit for clinical practice and research on somatosensory therapy. The limitations of the assessments comprise nonstandardized manual stimulus application resulting in poor interand intra-rater reliability, potential confounding factors such as motor and cognitive deficits, and ordinal scales leading to low sensitivity as well as floor and ceiling effects. Advances in robotics may offer new approaches for the assessment of somatosensory function, as modern control, sensing, and automation capabilities allow precisely controlling stimuli, leading to reduced variability and higher reliability. There exist an increasing number of robotic approaches to assess somatosensation, however, to date, clinical acceptance is still very low. Most robotic assessments fail to be integrated into clinical routine and can only be used in research settings, due to lengthy protocols, complex and expensive custom-made devices, lack of normative data, and poorly evaluated assessments in terms of psychometric and clinimetric properties (e.g., reliability, validity, as well as clinical usability and utility). The aim of this thesis was to develop, optimize, and clinically evaluate quantitative robotic assessments for somatosensation, which are sensitive, reliable, rapid to administer, and could be used in clinical routine. Furthermore, this thesis aimed at elaborating novel concepts for assessment-driven adaptive robotic therapies targeting somatosensory deficits. To achieve this aim, a robotic platform was designed for automated assessment of proprioception thresholds of the finger, and a new framework with application-driven metrics was developed to quantitatively evaluate the performance of psychophysical procedures. These, together, allowed selecting and optimizing an adaptive stimulus presentation procedure used in combination with an objective two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, and evaluating the


Along with population growth, electricity consumption is also getting higher. Electricity is included as the primary power to support social welfare and economic growth in Rembang Regency. Most of the electricity supply for the Rembang area is still provided by PT PLN. The purpose of this study is to model the consumption of electrical energy in the next few years in Rembang Regency. Furthermore, data collection includes data on electrical power used and the number of PLN customers. Then the modeling of electricity demand in Rembang Regency was carried out using the BaU method which was applied with LEAP software. As a result, the need for electricity in Rembang Regency is increasing. In 2019 the total electricity demand needed was 8,656.8 MWh, increasing to 193,456,935.4 MWh in 2027. When compared to the previous period, this result is very significant. The electricity demand of each sector shows that the highest energy demand is in the industrial


Abstract Significant progress was observed in studies of the relationship between oral Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer and tumors. Based on three distinct and close relationships, namely, the relationship between oral H. pylori and gastric cancer, between oral microbial communities and oral squamous cell carcinoma, and between oral microbial communities of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and tumors, this work reviews the relationship between oral microbial communities and tumors. This research also provides reference for further analysis of the relationship between oral microorganisms and tumors to realize early diagnosis of tumor patients through detecting oral microorganisms under adjuvant therapy.


The algorithm presented makes exact computations of characteristics of the probability distribution of project duration for a stochastic project network. Given discrete independent probability distributions for task durations, the algorithm will compute either moments of the project duration distribution or values of the cumulative distribution function of project duration. The algorithm can be used for sensitivity analysis on probability weights since several task duration distributions having the same range can be handled simultaneously with no great increase in computation time requirements


In summary, we have fabricated a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with an integrated photodiode. The device shows a stable fundamental operation throughout the entire range. The photodiode shows a linear responsivity to the laser output power up to the maximum power. The problem associated with spontaneous emission will be corrected by modifying the structure to prevent the absorption of extra spontaneous emission.


In the present study, the hybrid coating was developed by HVOF over the cast iron substrate. The hybrid coating material comprises Al2O3 (80% w/w) enriched with graphite, MoS2, and fumed silica in w/w of 5%, 10%, and 5% respectively. Microstructure and phase composition of prepared coated samples were analyzed by SEM-EDS, XRD and Raman Spectroscopy. The coated samples were heat-treated and their mechanical, electrochemical and tribological behavior was compared with the as-coated samples. There was a considerable change observed in the micro-hardness and anti-corrosion properties of the coated material after heat treatment. The residual stresses in the heat-treated sample decreased compared to the as-coated sample. The high-temperature tribological investigation was carried out in non-lubricated conditions at three different temperatures 30 °C, 150 °C, and 300 °C with a constant load of 40 N and variable sliding speed. The coefficient of friction and wear rate was calculated and it was found that there was a decrement up to 36% in the wear rate of the heat-treated samples compared to the as-coated sample. The SEM morphologies of the wear track showed the presence of small cracks, adhesion, abrasion and smear regions due to plastic deformation.


Cloud radio access network (C-RAN) emerges as a promising solution to sustain the mobile data explosion with low cost and high energy efficiency. The centralized base band processing of C-RAN facilitates coordinated signal processing at the cloud server, which can potentially lead to huge capacity gain. However, full-scale coordination in a large-scale system inevitably results in high computational complexity that limits the scalability of the system. To address this issue, this paper proposes a scalable uplink signal processing algorithm based on message passing. By exploiting near-sparsity of large C- RAN channel matrices, we derive a sparse message- passing algorithm that reduces the computational complexity of signal detection to be linear with the number of RRHs and users. This implies that the average computational complexity per user does not grow with the network size, and hence the system is scalable. In addition, we discuss the convergence of the sparse message-passing algorithm and propose a block-wise message-passing algorithm that significantly improves the probability of convergence.


Lightning arresters are vital protective components in power system. Ageing of the arrester is an important issue under research. Simulation of the arrester and analysis using the simulation tool plays an important role in validating the experimental results. The leakage current that flows through the arrester blocks due to continuous electric stress on the arrester, ambient temperature, pollution on the surface of the arrester etc., causes heating of the arrester blocks. The increase in temperature of the arrester blocks causes the blocks to age. In order to understand the various mechanism of ageing it becomes necessary conduct experiments on the arrester subjecting it to various conditions and analyzing. It has been observed by many researchers that the resistive component of the leakage current and in particular the third harmonic component of the resistive component of the total leakage current is responsible for heating of the blocks[1]–[9]. In the present paper ZnO block of the surge arrester is simulated using MATLAB. V-I characteristics with resistive component of the total leakage current at different temperatures obtained. The resistive and capacitive components of the total current at different temperatures obtained. Also the harmonic components of the resistive component of the total leakage current obtained and analyzed. From the analysis of results of simulations it is observed that they conform with the experimental results of the earlier researchers.


For a non-archimedean locally convex space $E$ the property (O.P.): "every weakly convergent sequence in $E$ is convergent" is studied. Examples are given (1.3, 2.4-2.7). If the scalar field $K$ is spherically complete every $E$ has (O.P.)(1.2). If not, the property (O.P.) is closely related to "$E$ does not contain $\ell^\infty$" (3.2).


Marital communication is the main focus of contemporary marital research in western countries. This article illuminates the three advances of marital communication research: The new conception which now pays more attention to communication patterns over individual behaviors,the shift from unidimensional classification of behaviors or patterns to categorization based on function of behaviors,and the new direction of antecedent investigation which turn from personality to power. The future research should focus on married couples' positive interaction,development of more effective research paradigms,exploration of potential moderators and mediators between communication and marital satisfaction,investigation of different aspects of marital power,and reevaluation of personality impact on couple's communication.


The decline of submerged plants resulting from low light and high ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) has become a serious problem worldwide. In the present study, three levels of ammonia-N concentrations (0, 3 and 6mgL–1) and four levels of light intensity (control, 15, 2.5 and 0.75% underwater light) were designed to investigate the combined effects of low light and high ammonia-N stress on the submerged plant Vallisneria natans. The effects of low light and ammonia-N were examined by measuring the relative growth rate (RGR), chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in response to the stressors. The decline in RGR and increase in SOD and POD activity in high ammonia-N water were more significant than under low light conditions, indicating that the stress imposed on submerged plants due to ammonia-N enrichment is stronger. Moreover, the combination of ammonia-N enrichment and low light had a greater effect on submerged plants. This study indicates that V. natans were tolerant to ammonia-N concentrations <6mgL–1. Moreover, low light intensity (0.75% underwater light) amplified the toxic effects of ammonia-N, reducing ammonia-N tolerance from <6 to <3mgL–1.


Most observers think of the crisis of the European monetary union primarily as a crisis of failed fiscal discipline in a monetary union. Bob (...)


The invention relates to an energy supply device (10) for a plurality of energy consumers (3) connected thereto, having a predetermined maximum power output. The invention is characterised in that a monitoring device for the output of power which prevents the maximum output of power of the energy supply device (10) from being exceeded, is provided.


It is not usual to think of Fichte as a logician, nor indeed to think of him as leaving a legacy that shaped the subsequent history of symbolic logic. But I argue here that there is such a legacy, and that Fichte formulated an agenda in formal logic that his students (and their students in turn) used to spark a logical revolution. That revolution arguably reached its culmination in the logical writings of Franz Brentano, better known as a founding figure of the phenomenological movement. In logical writings that were published only posthumously, but that were fully elaborated in the decade prior to the publication of Frege's Begriffschrift, Brentano (together with his collaborator Anton Marty) developed a radically innovative logical calculus that was explicitly designed to overthrow the orthodox logical analysis of judgment and inference. At the center of this revolution was the notion of thetic judgment [thetische Urteil], a form of judgment upon which Fichte had insisted in the first published version of the Wissenschaftslehre, and which his students subsequently set out to accommodate within the framework provided by Kant's general logic. But thetic judgment proved resistant to such assimilation, and it was left to Brentano to use the analysis of thetic judgment in his attempt to topple a long-standing logical tradition. In what follows I reconstruct the main episodes in this century-long drama in the logical theory of judgment. My discussion is divided into four sections. I begin with a review of Fichte's most explicit call for logical revolution, together with his introduction of the notion of thetic judgment, set against the backdrop of an anomaly