The neutron spectra in homogeneous and heterogeneous water systems are calculated using the Wilkins model. The approximations involved are discussed and the results are compared with experimental measurements. ( auth)


A novel design of birefringent photonic crystal fibers with stress applying parts permits to manage the wavelength dependence of group and phase birefringence. Applications to vector frequency conversion and soliton polarization instabilities are discussed.


A fundamental tool in network information theory is the covering lemma, which lower bounds the probability that there exists a pair of random variables; among a given number of independently generated candidates, falling within a given set. We use a weighted sum trick and Talagrand's concentration inequality to prove new mutual covering bounds. We identify two interesting applications: 1) when the probability of the set under the given joint distribution is bounded away from 0 and 1, the covering probability converges to 1 doubly exponentially fast in the blocklength, which implies that the covering lemma does not induce penalties on the error exponents in the applications to coding theorems; and 2) using Hall's marriage lemma, we show that the maximum difference between the probability of the set under the joint distribution and the covering probability equals half the minimum total variation distance between the joint distribution and any distribution that can be simulated by selecting a pair from the candidates. Thus we use the mutual covering bound to derive the exact error exponent in the joint distribution simulation problem. In both applications, the determination of the exact exponential (or double exponential) behavior relies crucially on the sharp concentration inequality used in the proof of the mutual covering lemma.


WHILE MOST GOVERNMENT- supported energy R&D programs fared poorly in the Bush Administration budget proposal announced last month, one old standby thought to be long gone, got a jolt of new life. The Department of Energy's 15-year-old Clean Coal Technology Program was earmarked by President George W Bush for a $2 billion infusion of funds, spread over 10 years. The first installment, in the 2002 budget proposal, is $150 million. Government support of clean-coal technology research actually stretches back to the Carter Administration, according to DOE. Indeed, DOE-supplied figures show the department has invested more than $4 billion in clean-coal-related research. Industry has at least matched that amount, DOE says. Of late, however, the program has fallen on hard times. This year, the Clean Coal Technology Program hobbles along on about $9 million to finish up around 30 projects. In 2000, program funding went in the hole when support was shifted to other fossil fuel ...


There is a problem in our constitutional history: the problem of split Supreme Court decisions invalidating democratically enacted laws. From Dred Scott to Lochner to Roe v. Wade to Citizens United, and even the recent Second Amendment decisions of Heller and McDonald, these patently fallible decisions on controversial political and social issues have divided the nation, politicized the Court, poisoned the Supreme Court nomination process and thwarted the political branches and democratic governance. Requiring Supreme Court unanimity to overturn legislation on constitutional grounds would therefore be morally and politically desirable. Why that is so is the subject of this article. I leave for another occasion the legal and practical questions of how to implement such a unanimity requirement.

[1] Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1856).

[2] Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).

[3] Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).

[4] Citizens United v. Fed. Election Comm'n, 558 U.S. 310 (2010).

[5] D.C. v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008).

[6] McDonald v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. 742 (2010).


United economic policy has different effects in China: eastern region is in conformity with national economic policy;middle region has independent economic step correspondingly;economic fluctuation is more distinct in middle region and western region when they have the same developing speed as eastern region;deflation economic is more severely to middle region and western region than to eastern region;eastern region and middle region are sensitive to the interest rate policy.The authors put forward some suggestions according to the results showed in the research.


In the paper,the kinetically admissible continuity velocity field of open\|die cold extrusion for axis and open\|die cold extrusion without mandrel for thick\|walled tube are given with stream function method and the mathematical relations between deformation power and the principal parameters is established by means of upper\|bound method.The theoretical maximum reductions under the condition of all combinations of the parameters are obtained,which is verified by the experiments,based on the maximum reduction criterion and the optimism method (optimization).On the basis of a large amount of the theoretical calculation experimental data,the influences of the parameters,as a result,the maximum reductions of open\|die cold extrusion for the low carbon steel parts are provided.


This study aims to determine the existence of a significant influence between takahyul on business names; there is a significant influence between business names on marketing performance; there is a significant influence between superstition on marketing performance; and the existence of a significant influence of superstition influences marketing performance by moderating business names.This type of research uses quantitative and descriptive, the aim is to provide or describe a situation or phenomenon that is happening now by using scientific procedures to answer the problem in actual terms. The population is a business name superstitious trust entrepreneur. The total sample of 200 respondents was taken by purposive sampling technique. The data collection method uses a questionnaire. The sample analysis method uses purpose sampling with business criteria having a business name and extending the business name in front of its business location and having an average turnover from 0 to Rp. 3,000,000. per day.The results of this study are that there is a significant influence of business name variables on marketing performance, except superstition on marketing performance


This chapter addresses the latest evidence regarding the involvement of histamine and histamine receptors in cancer development and progression with particular attention to H4R. The expression of H4R in different cell lines, the signal transduction pathways and biological responses associated with H4R as well as the in vivo treatment of experimental tumours with H4R ligands will be reviewed. The controversial aspects of histaminergic involvement in gastrointestinal physiopathology will be discussed, with particular reference to gastric mucosal damage and intestinal inflammation. In addition, the existing evidence of the presence of mast cells in human and murine lung cancer and the effect of histamine and other mast cell derived mediators in this cancer will be presented. Recent findings support the therapeutic potential of H4R ligands in melanoma, breast, colon, pancreatic and lung cancer and the exploitation of the H4R as a molecular target for novel approaches in the treatment of cancer. Histamine H4 Receptor: A Novel Drug Target in Immunoregulation and Inflammation 2 6 0 Chapter 8 8.


On the basis of proximate analysis, element analysis and calorific value that carried out on the sewage sludge, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was conducted on the research of sewage sludge pyrolysis. The loss of sludge under different heating rates was comparative analyzed. And we calculated the activation energy by using Ozawa method, Satava method was also used to infer the most probable mechanism function and kinetic parameters. the result shows that sludge pyrolysis process can be divided into three parts as 200-450°C,450-600°C and above 600°C, the Reaction mechanism functions for the pre main two parts were G(α)=(1-α)-1 and G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]2/3respectively. Its proved that Al2O3,MgO probably inhibited the decomposition while Fe2O3,CaO,ZnO promoted the degradation of organic matters under 200-450°C. CaO and Fe2O3 showed advantage while MgO, Al2O3, ZnO turned to be disadvantagble when temperature arised to 450-600°C. At the end of pyrolysis, the advantage effects order on pyrolysis : Al2O3> Fe2O3>MgO >ZnO>CaO.


Total Electron Content (TEC) affects GNSS positioning accuracy due to its effects on GNSS pseudorange measurement. GNSS resilience against the ionospheric effects requires improved accuracy of TEC predictive model. Here a contribution to the subject of self-adaptive positioning environment-aware TEC predictive model development is provided trough statistical analysis of mid-latitude TEC time series observed during rapidly developing short-term geomagnetic storms. Statistical properties of TEC sets and time series are examined to address similarities in range, variability, and information content in order to establish rapidly developing short-term geomagnetic storms as a separate class of the ionospheric event cases, with potential to degrade GNSS positioning accuracy. Results of the analysis show cases of rapidly developing short-term geomagnetic storm share similar statistical properties, notably Shannon entropy and spike index, of TEC observations, which renders them eligible to be addressed with a common TEC prediction model to rise GNSS resilience against the ionospheric effects.


This paper discusses the design and implementation of a hardware encryption core for low cost RFID using TEA algorithm. Low cost RFIDs have stringent requirements in terms of cost related to area and power consumption, making conventional encryption unsuitable. This paper proposes the use of TEA algorithm for medium security systems. Three new implementations based on multiple, single, and digit-serial adders are designed and evaluated for their suitability. It is found that the multiple-adder design meets the requirements with the lowest power consumption. Based on 0.35 mum CMOS implementation, the TEA core has an area of 0.21 mm and is estimated to consume 7.37 muW of power


JMJD2A is an enzyme that converts specific trimethylated histone residues to the dimethylated form, and also acts as a transcriptional repressor. JMJD2A is widely expressed in human tissues and cell lines. In this experiment, JMJD2A has successfully been produced by E. coli BL21 (DE) after transformation using plasmid PGeX4T-2. SDS-PAGE confirmed this enzyme which has 67 KDa in size. The concentration of enzyme that has been produced is 16.3μM. Further purification using the more effective method is needed to purify this enzyme.


The research analyzes the importance of constructing operation pattern under the high-tech industry dominate paradigm competition based on the industrial technology paradigm evolution theory and high-tech enterprises' operation characteristics.The research took PC industry and IBM as the object of the case study.It finds that in the high-tech industry dominant paradigm competition stage,enterprises may construct a loose network operation patter under an open system.


A b s t r a c t : The recent determination of a large number o f potassium-argon dates on Pacific Coast Miocene marine stages and information obtained from paleomagnetic-biostratigraphic investigations on deep-sea cores has allowed a more accurate correlation between planktonic foraminiferal zones, chronostratigraphic boundaries and the radiometric time-scale. The Globigerinoides Datum occurs at ca. 22.5 m . y . ago and denotes the Oligocene/Middle Miocene boundary; the Orbulina Datum occurs at ca. 14 m. y . ago denotes the Early/Middle Miocene boundary. The Middle/Late Miocene boundary occurs at about 10.5 m. y . ago; the Miocene/Pliocene boundary: ca. 5.5 m. y.; Plio/Pleistocene boundary, ca. 2 m. a. ago. The average duration of planktonic foraminiferal zones within various subdivisions of the Neogene is seen to vary considerably from a low of 0.3 m. y. in the Middle Miocene to a high o f 1.7 m. y. in the Early Miocene and 1.8 m. y . in the Late Miocene. Correlation by vertebrate paleontologists o f the non-marine West Coast stages with the supposed non-marine equivalents o f the classic marine stages of Western Europe reveals considerable offset between the latter two.


Background: WHO MPOWER aims to help countries prioritize tobacco control measures in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Objectives: This paper assessed the progress and challenges in implementing the 6 priority policies of MPOWER in countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region since 2011. Methods: A checklist was developed and scores assigned based on the MPOWER indicators (maximum score 37). MPOWER data for the Region in the 2015 and 2017 tobacco control reports were extracted and scored. Data from similar analyses for 2011 and 2013 were also included. Countries were ranked by scores for each indicator for 2015 and 2017 and for overall scores for 2011 to 2017.


An analysis of a parametrical model for the generalized triplet is presented, its main aberration properties are described, examples of modern applications for the triplet in optical information systems are given.


A battery temperature elevating circuit which is a circuit comprising an inverter circuit (1) to which a direct current electric power is supplied from a secondary battery (11) and a three-phase alternate current motor (2), and which can be installed in an automobile. The battery temperature elevating circuit is equipped with first and second terminals (T1) and (T2) which are connected to control terminals (CT1) and (CT2) for first and second switching elements (SW1) and (SW5), is additionally equipped with a switch control unit (12) for controlling the on/off position of the first and second switching elements (SW1) and (SW5) and a third terminal (T3) that is connected to the other end (P4) of a specific coil (L1), and is additionally equipped with a storage unit (13) which can store a back electromotive force generated in the specific coil (L1) by turning the second switching element (SW5) on and off while keeping the first switching element (SW1) in on position, and an electric charge control unit (14) which is arranged between a positive electrode of the secondary battery (11) and the storage unit (13) and can supply an electric power stored in the storage unit (13) to the secondary battery (11).


The Illinois Urban Drainage Area Simulator (ILLUDAS) has been extended for continuous simulation by considering dry periods between storms. The model accepts predetermined hydrographs at desired nodes. Effects of different Best Management Practices (BMPs) measures can be analyzed. M. J. Box's complex algorithm is used to determine optimal locations and sizes of detention facilities.


Ethylene ionomers have been the material of choice for the golf ball cover and mantle applications due to the excellent resilience, high cut resistance, and good impact durability. The ethylene ionomers achieve the uniqueproperty characteristics through the development of network morphology. In this paper we discuss the development of ionomers with novel compositions, we present evidence of the effect of composition on morphology, and propose a model that accounts for the outstanding performance of these ionomers.


This year, Rocky River High School held the honor of hosting the district-wide Art Show. This was incredibly easy for most of us. We were called upon to sit back and watch it happen. While a great deal of activity appeared just before the late-April opening, the reality was that months of planning and effort… much of it in high detail… resulting in the wondrous place that was created here by our three honorees. Yes, we know that art teachers from other schools and even some parents had key roles, but it was these three that pulled it off. Pulled it off?! We all experienced a week long exhibit of the visual arts like we've never seen before in our school. We were able to associated visual artistic skills and talents with students we see every day in other capacities. Our three honorees were not looking for credit, but the exhibit gave witness to their outstanding teaching. We thank these three for going above-andbeyond the norm in having transformed RRHS into a visual stunner!


Under the current system of spectrum allocation, spectral bands are allocated for time-scales ranging from years to decades and spatial scales ranging from counties to continents. Robust operation of devices is enabled by the use of guard bands in space and frequency. This paradigm has resulted in vastly underutilized spectrum bands, even in urban locales. However, advances in wireless technology now allow devices to operate on much smaller time and spatial scales. Like sand and pebbles poured into the gaps between larger rocks, such devices have the potential to greatly improve our overall spectrum utilization. The fundamental constraint is robustly guaranteeing non-interference to privileged users of the band. We focus on cognitive radios that perform sensing and adapt their output to avoid interfering. We show that uncertainty in fading poses a serious challenge by forcing high sensitivity. These challenges are exacerbated by the presence of multiple users, but gains are available through cooperation. However, cooperative gains are limited by trust/reliability and the network's cooperation footprint. Furthermore, uncertainty regarding noise and interference imposes fundamental limits on how sensitive robust sensing can be. Local cooperation is necessary to provide fairness by reducing the uncertainty impact of other users' transmissions.


Studies of the Δ in nuclei via exclusive observation of quasifree Δ production in hadron‐nucleus reactions at several GeV are discussed. Experimental results on Δ produced in the target‐rapidity region were consistent with a quasifree picture. No shift of mass nor change of width were observed in the line shape of Δ produced in nuclei. The production cross section was, however, not reproduced with a cascade calculation based on the quasifree picture.


Am J Psvchiatri /32:1, January 1975 97 Extraversion as Eysenck envisions it has two aspects, the phenotypical and the genotypical. His concern is not simply to classify behavior in terms of everyday activity but to understand it in terms of inherited characteristics, particularly the inherited disposition of the central nervous system. The reader is carefully brought through general principles and methods of personality description, classification, and diagnosis. Gradually he is introduced to an understanding ofextravension in terms of a concept and a factor. The rigid scientific method is even present throughout the book. Eysenck does not let the reader forget that he is a scientist as he develops hypotheses and subjects them to experimental scrutiny with the assistance of statistical techniques, the favored of which is factor analysis. Undoubtedly, certain chapters will appeal more to some than to others. However, the heuristic quality ofthis book is innesistible, subtly encouraging the reader to test the hypotheses genenated. For this alone the book is well worth having in one's Iibrary.


The variability and complexity of information thinking and its dependence on thinking tools were analyzed.The authors suggested that the training of information thinking competence should be strengthened in literature retrieval curriculum.


Traffic volume patterns and their temporal evolution are one of the most important issues for traffic prediction and traffic condition estimation.However,little work has been conducted on identifying and associating traffic pattern occurrence with prevailing traffic conditions.In order to extract the patterns hidden in traffic volume fluctuation as well as their temporal evolution,we propose a three-layer strategy that first segments the volume into subsequences.Then,we use the recurrence qualification analysis to determine the statistical characteristics of the subsequences and the k-means clustering is used to get the hidden traffic patterns finally.A case study using three typical weekly traffic volume data acquired from a freeway in Minnesota of USA shows that the proposed method is useful for identification of the traffic pattern,and traffic prediction as well.


An m=3/n=l locked mode has been observed in JT-60 at safety factors slightly below three during the current ramp-up phase of high plasma current discharges. The locked mode grows suddenly and there is no Mirnov oscillation just before the onset of this mode. The maximum plasma current of Ohmic discharges is restricted to approximately 2.4 — 2.45 MA by disruptions, which are preceded by a large m=3/n=l locked mode. The locked mode is stabilized by high power neutral beam injection. The stabilizing effect depends on neutral beam heating power, plasma density, plasma current ramp-up rate and divertor/limiter configuration.


Karyotypic data from 561 deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) from populations on islands off British Columbia and Washington indicate the presence of two distinct karyotypic groups, a low fundamental number (FN) group (FN = 74–78) and a high FN group (FN = 85–92). The absence of karyotypic intermediates at nine localities of sympatry is interpreted as demonstrating that the two FN groups represent distinct species. Based on data from comparable mainland forms, the low FN form is considered to represent Peromyscus maniculatus and the high FN form is suggested to be conspecific with Peromyscus areas. Chromosomal banding data indicate extensive chromosomal variation within each of these species and provide discrete karyotypic characters unique to each species. The inclusion of the high FN insular forms with P. oreas does not affect the chromosomally determined cladistic placement of P. oreas as a laxon derived from P. maniculatus.


We are developing a control system for a mechanical pet, in which the mechanical pet, judging the user's alpha waves, moves in a way that makes the user feel most comfortable. We constructed a real-time control system for customizing the mechanical pet motions according to the user's measured alpha waves. Compared with the ordinary biofeedback system, in which the user makes an effort to intentionally relax by being informed of the state of his/her alpha waves, our system makes it possible for the user to unintentionally and comfortably relax by watching his/her own particular favorite mechanical pet motions, which are controlled by his/her own alpha waves. The results of experiments valuating the constructed system show the system's effectiveness and necessity.


In 1987, Du Pont Pharma submitted its first multi-state application for a product named Brevibloc. The two-step application began with submission in France for a concentrated dosage form. Two years later, the company applied for a variation on a diluted dosage form. Initially, no common decision was agreed upon, and a quality working party was assembled to sort out the conditions of approval. Du Pont Pharma found that the multi-state procedure can be a fast track in certain countries, but encountered problems with nonbinding CPMP opinions.


Children and adults with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties with empathy, but have intact or even above average development of 'systemizing', that is, the drive to analyse or build a system. This chapter reviews the evidence for both the empathy deficits and the systemizing strengths, and present two examples of educational software designed to help people with ASC improve in empathy by playing to their strengths in systemizing. These are the Mind Reading and The Transporters DVDs, respectively. Treatment trials of both are summarized which confirm that even after relatively shortterm intervention with these programmes, improvements in empathy (specifically the cognitive element of emotion recognition) are seen. The chapter concludes that if interventions use the knowledge from cognitive neuroscience to design autism-friendly formats for teaching, then even complex aspects of social cognition can be improved.


Background Nasal swabs and saliva samples are being considered alternatives to nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, few studies have compared the usefulness of nasal swabs, NPSs, and saliva samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory virus infections. We compared the positivity rates and concentrations of viruses detected in nasal swabs, NPSs, and saliva samples using cycle threshold (Ct) values from real-time PCR tests for respiratory viruses. Methods In total, 236 samples (48 five-rub and 10 10-rub nasal swabs, 96 NPSs collected using two different products, 48 saliva swabs, and 34 undiluted saliva samples) from 48 patients (34 patients with SARS-CoV-2 and 14 with other respiratory virus infections) and 40 samples from eight healthy controls were obtained. The PCR positivity and Ct values were compared using Allplex Respiratory Panels 1/2/3 and Allplex SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR. Results NPSs showed the lowest Ct values (indicating the highest virus concentrations); however, nasal and saliva samples yielded positive results for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. The median Ct value for SARS-CoV-2 E gene PCR using nasal swab samples collected with 10 rubs was significantly different from that obtained using nasal swabs collected with five rubs (Ct=24.3 vs. 28.9; P=0.002), but not from that obtained using NPSs. Conclusions Our results confirm that the NPS is the best sample type for detecting respiratory viruses, but nasal swabs and saliva samples can be alternatives to NPSs. Vigorously and sufficiently rubbed nasal swabs can provide SARS-CoV-2 concentrations similar to those obtained with NPSs.


According to the nature and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine college and university library,the paper analyzes the necessity and significance of constructing subject characteristic collection.Corresponding countermeasures are put forward,including constructing multi- level traditional Chinese medicine collection resources with local characteristics,strengthening the development and application of ancient books,collecting special subject gray literatures at wide range,so as to provide facillity for information resources co- construction and sharing among colleges and universities.


A kit for storage and transfer processing or after use medical instrument (31), as its basic element, having a tray (10) defined by a bottom (12) and surrounding wall (13, 14). Tray (10), the bottom and / or at least one of the folding lines are formed in the wall (13, 14) has a (19), thereby facilitating the volume compression of the tray (10) for disposal become. As an additional element of optional the kit, tray liner (28), said tray (10) in removable protective is adapted to be mounted for cover (34), the wall (13, 14) of the tray (10) lid adapted to engage (23), and there is the tray (10) adapted to receive therein and the oxygen-impermeable container (37). .FIELD 1


Stroke can cause disability, so the patient needs rehabilitation, and it is necessary to measure its effectiveness. The electroencephalogram (EEG) can capture the electrical activity in the brain, which can be real-time in post-stroke rehabilitation monitoring. EEG signal consists of several variables, including motor imagery and asynchronous from the symmetric channel. Both are features of post-stroke patients that are frequently used from previous studies, among other variables. EEG signals recorded from many channels can enrich the information on activity in the brain, including stroke. Motor imagery as a variable that reflects the stroke also be dominant in specific channels. Likewise, the asymmetry of the channel pair is too. Each channel or channel pair has its characteristics that are useful in identification. Meanwhile, a suitable method for identifying interconnected signals in time sequences is Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Therefore, to maintain the connectivity and take advantage of the EEG signal from multichannel, this paper proposed the Multiple RNN method in which each channel was processed by one network connected by a fusion function. The two variables - motor imagery variable and asynchronous of the symmetric channel pair are obtained from the Wavelet transform. The motor imagery feature involves FC5 and FC6 channels, while the asynchronous channel involves the AF3-AF4, F7-F8, F3-F4, FC5-FC6, T7-T8, P7-P8, and O1-O2 channel pairs. Both variables were obtained from the EEG signal using Wavelet at 1–7 Hz for asynchronous channel pairs and 8 – 30 Hz for motor imagery. The results showed that the Multiple RNN provided an accuracy of 88.04%, which increased by 8% compared to a Single RNN which obtained an accuracy of 80.09%. The results also showed the importance of choosing a learning rate to get the best accuracy.


The association between chronic ulcers and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is well established. Their clinical presentations, however, are varied, ranging from innocuously appearing lesions to overtly exophytic growths. We present a series of cases with heterogeneous clinical presentations and different treatment outcomes. Case series – patient 1 was a 69‐year‐old man with an 18‐month history of static non healing venous leg ulcer, but no sinister features, biopsy was performed to rule out Marjolin's transformation, histology revealed SCC and treatment was simple excision and skin grafting; patient 2 was a 73‐year‐old lady with an 18‐month history of non healing ulcer (innocuous appearance) over distal interphalangeal joint of index finger, histology revealed SCC with deeper extension and treatment was amputation of distal half of finger; patient 3 was a 73‐year‐old lady with a 12‐month history of non healing fungating leg ulcer with irregular borders and everted edges, histology revealed SCC (tumour eroding tibia and distant metastasis) and treatment was above‐knee amputation, radiotherapy and palliation. Whilst SCC is amenable to simple excision in the early stages, delay in diagnosis could result in loss of the affected digit or limb; an SCC which has metastasised is also life threatening. Therefore, a low threshold to biopsy static non healing ulcers or ulcers in unusual sites should be adopted even in those not manifesting any evidence of malignancy.


Background: DTI has been used as a functional imaging tool in the assessment of tumor response to therapy, mostly by monitoring the changes in DTI matrices such as ADC and FA during the course of treatment. In this study, we studied the predictive value of various functional diffusion maps (fDM) generated using the ADC, FA and transverse diffusivity that were acquired pre‐ and post‐ anti‐VEGA therapy in braintumor patients. Materials and Methods: Functional diffusion maps were generated by comparing the pre‐ and post‐ therapy DTI studies and the changes of DTI matrices such as ADC, FA and the transverse diffusivity. Prior to the creation of the fDMs, all images including the anatomical images (T1, T2, FLAIR and post‐contrast T1) for each patient were co‐registered to the DTI images for each visit and then across all visits. All fDMs were compared and correlated with the status of radiographic response. Results: For core tumor volume defined by post‐contrast T1 images, fDMs generated with ADC values correlated the best with the radiographic response, while there was no obvious difference between the fDMs generated with ADC (Fig1a) and those with the transverse diffusivity. The fDM generated with FA differed from those with ADC and may have predictive value in the direction of tumor progression. Conclusion and Discussion: The fDMs are useful tools in the assessment of tumor response to therapy. fDM analysis of the pretumoral white‐matter area may have the potential to assess the tumor cell progression in the WM tract.


Abstract Disclosure: M. Igarashi: None. T. Kashima: None. H. Doi: None. K. Yoshii: None. Y. Naiki: None. R. Horikawa: None. [Background] Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is common after brain surgery and its' management is difficult. In Japan, tolvaptan was approved for SIADH management in adults, but there are limited reports on the use of tolvaptan for SIADH in children.We presented two cases which showed triphasic response after neurosurgery and was treated with tolvaptan for SIADH phase. We will also summarize other cases which were treated with tolvaptan for SIADH phase after neurosurgery in discussion. [Case] Case1 is a 5-month-old boy with choroid plexus papilloma.A tumor resection was performed after chemotherapy. After tumor resection, serum sodium level went up to 171 mEq/L with diluted polyuria. So he was diagnosed as diabetes insipidus and treated with vasopressin. The dose of vasopressin was decreased and it was stopped on postoperative day (POD) 6, but serum sodium level further decreased and he was diagnosed as SIADH. Water restriction and hypertonic saline administration were performed. Tolvaptan at a dose of 0.1mg/kg was administered and sodium level improved from 123 mEq/L to 137 mEq/L.However, urine volume was decreased again and sodium level went down to 132 mEq/L, so tolvaptan was administered again. After second administration of tolvaptan, polyuria lasted and sodium level went up to 145 mEq/L, which was managed with temporary use of vasopressin. Case 2 is a 6-year-old girl with craniopharyngioma. After tumor resection, polyuria was observed and she was diagnosed as diabetes insipidus, which was treated with vasopressin.On POD 4, she was diagnosed as SIADH. Since water restriction was not effective, tolvaptan was administered twice (0.1mg/kg and 0.4mg/kg respectively). After second administration of tolvaptan, due to polyuria and diluted urine sodium level went up to 161 mEq/L, which was treated with vasopressin. Diluted urine and polyuria lasted, so finally she was diagnosed as diabetes insipidus. [Discussion] Tolvaptan was used for the management of SIADH that was resistant to water restriction or salt supplementation and it was useful for improving or maintaining sodium level. However, in some case, hypernatremia due to excessive free water excretion was caused after the dose of tolvaptan was increased. The appropriate dosage of tolvaptan has not yet been established. The risk of rapid sodium elevation should be considered and monitoring of water balance and sodium level was needed after using tolvaptan. [Conclusion] Tolvaptan could be an effective option for the management of SIADH, but frequent monitoring of sodium level is needed. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023


Superdiversity as a term has captured the attention of many researchers since it was first coined in 2007. However, the very characteristics of the concept have made its methodological operationalization insufficiently clear, beyond being bridged by the great migratory movements of the 21st century. As a result, we find a considerable diversity of analytical approaches without being empirically clear what the dimensions and variables are that should accompany those related to migratory flows. In this epilogue, methodological implications are critically discussed, especially those related to social differentiation factors and a hierarchy of predefined variables. Also, future research implications are discussed.


The remarks of the medieval canonists on the subject of mercy provide much to reflect upon when considering the relationship between justice and public opinion – an issue which continues to be of topical interest today. The debate was oriented around the concept of scandal, exploring the dynamics of public approval when it came to the activities of public institutions. Specifically, it focused on how social reactions could affect sentencing, with particular regard to the effects resulting from a show of mercy. The need to prevent demonstrations of dissent or protest led canonists to believe that the judge could mitigate the rigor of the law at times – even going so far as to forgive an offender – in order to meet public demands. Civil-lawjurists developed similar solutions which worked the other way around: drawing on canonical principles, they admitted the possibility of condemning an innocent person in order to prevent scandals from erupting within society.

Keywords: justice; public opinion; mercy; scandal.


This paper analyzed the proposes of middle school teachers on mathematics teaching in the normal university and presented some opinions about the reform of mathematics teaching in the normal university.


When gob-side entry retaining is adopted in mining face with large cutting height, due to large stope space, strong dynamic pressure and other reasons, the filling body is usually broken and unstable due to improper width of filling body, and the stability of surrounding rock of roadway is poor. Therefore, this paper will take Shaqu mine as the engineering background to study the reasonable filling body width of gob-side entry retaining in mining face with large cutting height. Firstly, the stability factors of gob-side entry retaining in mining face with large cutting height are analyzed, and the mechanical model of bearing structure of gob-side entry retaining is established based on the lateral pressure and overlying load of filling body, and the reasonable width of filling body is obtained quantitatively; Numerical simulation is used to analyze the evolution of vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone of working face with the change of filling body width. Finally, combined with the deformation observation results of 24207 gob-side entry retaining roof, two sides and filling body, the rationality of filling body width is verified. The results show that: the setting of the width and strength of the filling body plays an important role in the stability of gob-side entry retaining. According to the mechanical model, the minimum width of the filling body is 2.2m in the lateral direction and 3.9m in the vertical direction; Numerical simulation shows that when the width of filling body is too small, with the increase of filling body width, the vertical stress of filling body increases gradually. When the width of filling body reaches a certain value, the vertical stress decreases with the increase of width, and the stress concentration area will change from symmetrical type to eccentric load type, from the middle of filling body to the side of filling body near gob. If the width of the filling body is too small, the filling body will be too broken to bear the load, resulting in too small vertical stress and too large vertical displacement of the roadway roof. The larger the width of the filling body is, the greater the cutting resistance is, the more timely the side roof of the gob can be cut off, the less the stress of the roadway and the filling body, and the more stable the retained roadway is. Finally, through the observation of 24207 gob-side entry retaining, the total deformation of two sides and roof and floor of roadway tends to be stable after 665mm and 597mm respectively. The roof of roadway does not appear severe subsidence and obvious cracking, and the floor does not appear too large floor heave. The effect of roadway retaining is good, which indicates that 4m support can meet the needs of practical engineering.


We show that, for each finite algebra A, either it has symmetric term operations of all arities or else some finite algebra in the variety generated by A has two automorphisms without a common fixed point. We also show this two-automorphism condition cannot be replaced by a single fixed-point- free automorphism.


Review(s) of: Evidence-Based Nursing: A Guide to Clinical Practice, by Alba DiCenso, Gordon Guyatt, Donna Ciliska, ISBN: 0323025919, RRP $107.00, Publication date: April 2005, Publisher: Mosby, Available from: Elsevier Australia.


In modern innovation economics, the underlying economic problems are market failure in private investment in new ideas, along with the coordination problems and the disruptive consequences of innovation. Innovation policy addresses the innovation problem with government action. Drawing upon the ideas of McCloskey, Hayek, Williamson and Ostrom, we propose a different conception of the innovation problem that emphasizes institutional governance solutions in solving a collective action problem associated with pooling distributed knowledge and other resources in order to discover the value of a new technology.


May-June ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF COPE'S PERFORMANCE FOR VARIOUS NETWORK TOPOLOGIES Ayesha Iqbal firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Electrical Engineering, UMT, Lahore, Pakistan. ABSTRACT: COPE is an architecture for wireless mesh networks that improves the overall throughput of a network using opportunistic coding. COPE's performance has been analyzed by different researchers and modifications to this architecture have been proposed that further improved the throughput of a network. Two simple network topologies were analyzed using COPE in research work presented in [1]. In this research paper, this idea has been extended to three other network topologies. Coding gains for these networks are mathematically formulated and COPE's performance is analyzed when applied to these networks. On the basis of this analysis, the gains of these networks, which are obtained as a result of opportunistic coding, are compared with each other. Simulation results also help to analyze the performance of networks in COPE and non-COPE cases.


Electrode kinetics and study of 'transition state' with applied potential in case of[M – antibiotics – cephalothin] system were reported at pH = 7.30 ± 0.01 at suitable supportingelectrolyte at 25.0 0 C. The M = Co or Ni and antibiotics were doxycycline, chlortetracycline,oxytetracycline, tetracycline, minocycline, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol used as primaryligands and cephalothin as secondary ligand. Kinetic parameters viz. transfer coefficient (a),degree of irreversibility (l), diffusion coefficient (D) and rate constant (k) were determined.The values of a and k varied from 0.41 to 0.59 and 2.60 X 10 -3 cm s -1 to 9.67 X 10 -3 cm s -1in case of [Co – antibiotics – cephalothin] system. In case of [Ni – antibiotics – cephalothin],a and k varied from 0.41 to 0.58 and 2.34 X 10 -3 cm s -1 to 9.19 X 10 -3 cm s -1 respectivelyconfirmed that transition state behaves between oxidant and reductant response to appliedpotential and it adjusts it self in such a way that the same is located midway between droppingmercury electrode and solution interface. The values of rate constant confirmed thequasireversible nature of electrode processes. The stability constants (logb) of complexeswere also determined.


Turndown control method when a heat leveler straightening anti-pass, is a metal processing art. Which is detected by the position of the steel sheet, the steel sheet which passes binding is judged according to automatic head position control plate leveler straightening speed steel, when the steel sheet before the head portion of the head into the warp straightener, straightening the straight down speed, the head portion such that when Alice enters the straightening machine, the drive torque curve is very smooth; take delay trigger program, can effectively control the anti-pass straightening head Alice head portion when the steel sheet outlet roller straightening the impact load, not only to achieve the purpose of protecting transmission equipment, but also to avoid the loss of business caused by downtime. Extended equipment life and help improve overall economic efficiency of enterprises. Art can be widely used to control a mechanical device based hot leveler.


During the past ten years the biblical-theological study of the Church seems to have stood still. Of course, there have been good presentations of the topics that constitute the agenda of this approach: the relation between Jesus and the Church, the images of the Church, diversity of structures, and forms of ministry. Nevertheless, the positions taken and the methods that underlie them are not substantially different from the ones in fashion in the 1960's. Perhaps we should simply be satisfied with the solid results of the biblical-theological approach1 and put our energies into making them more intelligible to nonspecialists. But there has been a development in biblical studies during the 1970's that may infuse some new life into the study of the Church in the New Testament. It involves the use of the concepts and methods of sociology. In North America to a great extent and in Europe to a lesser degree the social sciences are playing an increasing role in academic life. Many of the problems and concerns traditionally treated in philosophy have been taken over by psychology, anthropology, and sociology. Even in the traditionally philological disciplines like orientalism2 and biblical studies,3 the influx of the social sciences has been noticeable. Those whose primary academic training is in the social sciences now apply their concepts and methods to fields in which philology had reigned. The past decade has seen the introduction of sociological concepts to the study of the Church in the NT, and this article gathers together that research and explores what impact it might have for our understanding of the early Church and even of the Church today. The presentation is restricted to those books and articles that make explicit use of sociological ideas and methods. It does not treat developments in the social descrip tion of early Christianity4 or studies of individual documents in the NT, though in the long run such investigations will probably be recognized as more important than the material treated here. What does the sociological approach do? Gerd Theissen5 has defined


Many embark on the dream of the white coat often without knowing that the life of a doctor implies great personal costs. Doctors, like other professionals, are at risk inherent in the nature of the work and the environment in which it is carried out. The anesthesiologist is no exception to the rule and is exposed to an unhealthy environment when caring for patients and dedicating themselves to them, they are often exposed to the action of harmful agents. The pandemic imposed by COVID-19 infection takes the anesthesiologist's routine, already aggravated by several occupational factors, to a professional risk that was previously unimaginable. In this sense, efforts to prevent and minimize physical and psychological professional risks should be emphasized.


This paper is not concerned with the (amply discussed) question as to the rational response to peer disagreement. Instead, it addresses a (considerably less often debated) problem to which many views about the (epistemic) significance of disagreement are vulnerable (to some extent or another): the problem of self-undermining. I reject several answers that have been proposed in the literature, defend one that has been offered (by meeting objections to it)


From the perspective of vanadium battery charging-discharge efficiency, studies vanadium battery charging method by a series of charging and discharging tests, based on the principle of pulse, an pulse charging method with constant-voltage was introduced, compared with other charge method,the proposed method got the Stable discharge performance and the better charge-discharge efficiency.


Rapid absorption and limited acropetal movement of 14C from p-nitrophenyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether (hereafter referred to as fluorodifen) labeled with 14C at either the 1 position of the p-nitrophenyl ring (fluorodifen-1′-14C) or the trifluoromethyl carbon (fluorodifen-14CF3) were observed in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., var. Starr) seedlings after root treatment for 48 hr followed by 96 hr in nutrient solution. Major products of degradation of fluorodifen-1′-14C were p-nitrophenol and Unknown I (possibly a conjugate of p-nitrophenol). Some p-nitrophenyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2-amino-p-tolyl ether and several minor unknowns were detected. The major product of degradation of fluorodifen-14CF3 was Unknown II (possibly a conjugate of 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol). Some 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol and traces of p-nitrophenyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2-amino-p-tolyl ether, p-aminophenyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2-nitro-p-tolyl ether, p-aminophenyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2-amino-p-tolyl ether, and several minor unknowns also were detected. A major pathway of fluorodifen degradation in peanut seedlings is postulated whereby fluorodifen is reduced to the 2-amino derivative which is cleaved at the ether linkage to yield p-nitrophenol and 2-amino-4-trifluoromethylphenol. The respective phenols are then conjugated with natural plant substances to form water soluble conjugates.


The blastoid transformations and radioresistance produced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in human blood lymphocytes in vitro are suppressed by prednisolone when introduced 24 hours before PHA. This corticosteroid, under the same conditions, maintains a cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes. Each of the above effects is reduced or lost when the corticosteroid is introduced after PHA. The possible implications of these findings on tissue transplantation are discussed.


This paper reports a study of the possible impact of pre-school phonological training on first and second graders' reading and writing abilities. Two public schools in the Stockholm metropolitan ar ...


This paper presents a methodology to design reconfigurable switched‐capacitor delta‐sigma modulators (ΔΣMs) capable of keeping their corresponding power efficiency figures constant and optimal for a set of resolutions and signal bandwidths. This method is especially suitable for low‐bandwidth, medium‐to‐high‐resolution specifications, which are common in biomedical application range. The presented methodology is based on an analytic model of all different contributions to the power dissipation of the ΔΣM. In particular, a novel way to predict the static power dissipated by integrators based on class A and class AB operational transconductance amplifier is presented. The power‐optimal solution is found in terms of filter order, quantizer resolution, oversampling ratio, and capacitor dimensions for a targeted resolution and bandwidth. As the size of the sampling capacitors is crucial to determine power consumption, three approaches to achieve reconfigurability are compared: sizing the sampling capacitors to achieve the highest resolution and keep them constant, change only the first sampling capacitor according to the targeted resolution, or program all sampling capacitors to the required resolution. The second approach results in the best trade‐off between power efficiency and simplicity. A reconfigurable ΔΣM for biomedical applications is designed at transistor level in a 0.18‐µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process following the methodology discussed. A comparison between the power estimated by the proposed analytic model and the transistor implementation shows a maximum difference of 17%, validating thus the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In architectural terms "practical completion" describes the moment where the building is declared formally complete and the client takes legal ownership. It is the point at which architects formally let go of the building, releasing it for clients and others to inhabit. Often they find unanticipated uses and problems. It is in this spirit that I offer these final thoughts....


Aims: To evaluate and localize the variations in the different parts of the radiographic course of mandibular canal using panoramic radiographs. Methods: A retrospective screening of 825 mandibular canals (414 Right sides and 411 left sides) using 425 panoramic radiographs was conducted at Department of oral medicine and radiology of Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India. Results: The most common variation observed in the present study was bifid (4.3%) followed by double mandibular canal (4%). These variations were pronounced in the first part of mandibular canal (3.5%) with no side predilection. Though insignificant, mandibular canal variations were prevalent in the 51-65years age group with 7.6% and 5.1% presenting bifid and double canals respectively. No significant difference for the occurrence of variations was observed between the genders. Conclusions: A total of 8.4% of the radiographs studied in the present study demonstrated mandibular canal variations. No difference in the prevalence of variations was observed in relations to age, gender and side of the jaw.


The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world requires people to stay at home, making social media the choice of people to seek entertainment or share knowledge. TikTok is one of the interesting centers for preachers to do their preaching. This study discussed Personal Branding on Husain Basyaiban @basyasman00 account through TikTok social media intending to be achieved by researchers is to find out how personal branding Husain Basyaiban through three da'wah content with the highest viewers on social media TikTok. Husain is a person with successful personal branding through the social media networking platform TikTok, where he presents content about Islamic Da'wah. Based on this, the research team was interested in analyzing how the personal branding process carried out by Husain Basyaiban through Da'wah on the social media platform TikTok. This research uses a qualitative approach with a data collection method in the form of document study, resulting in descriptive data in the form of written words from the behavior studied. The results of the research showed that Husain Basyaiban can meet 11 Criteria for Effective Authentic Personal Branding, namely Authenticity, Integrity, Consistency, Specialization, Authority, Privileges, Relevant, Perseverance, Visibility, Good Deeds, Performance.


The successful implementation of a harmonised regulatory framework for the global banking system is still a long way off. This mainly results from (a) different traditions in banking regulation and supervision at the national level, (b) different national emphases on regulatory sub-goals such as efficiency or the protection and promotion of national financial markets, and (c) different institutional settings and conditions. In this context, studies on the banking industry's assessment of supervisory processes and instruments highlight how effectively and efficiently individual nation states are implementing international frameworks such as Basel II and the Capital Requirements Directive for Europe. In November 2005, the German Government commissioned an evaluation of the supervisory processes and instruments of the country's banking authorities, BaFin and Bundesbank. The study aimed to determine the options for further optimising supervision, reducing regulatory burden and bureaucracy, and otherwise restricting supervision. This paper presents the most important findings from the survey, analyses significant differences in assessments given by various banking groups, empirically evaluates significant drivers of banks' overall satisfaction with banking supervision, and drafts proposals for improving banking regulation and supervision in Germany. Finally, aspects of further research are discussed.


2.1 Functional versus formal approaches to language 2.2 Functional approaches 2.3 Systemic-Functional Grammar: Main tenets 2.4 Approaches to multimodality 2.5 Towards a definition of mode


A 58 GHz flat panel antenna has been realized and made mass production capable using plastic injection molding and metal coating technology. The antenna RF-design has been done previously by Helsinki University of Technology and has been adapted to the requirements of injection molding and metal plating. New techniques of assembly have been developed to enable mass production of the plastic antenna in high quality. The new realization demonstrates that plastic injection molding is an effective way to produce millimeter wave antennas with a flat design, low weight and a competitive price.


The quality of the construction of subgrade itself and foundation b ed is the key of ensuring the driving safety, its placement in layers, spreading a nd rolling are the important links. Around the construction of a railway enginee ring, this paper discusses on soil structure, detecting method, targets selectio n, construction procedures and notable matters, which can be used for reference of the similar kinds of engineering.


Amyloidosis, containing g2-microglobulin (i32-M), and osteoarthropathy are frequent complications of long-term hemodialysis, but the mechanism of its development is not completely known as yet. )32-M is an amyloid protein, though other factors including calcium are greatly involved in the development of this disease. Regarding the treatment of dialysis amyloidosis, there has been progress in the development of a 132-M adsorption column and the successful elimination of -M from blood. Extensive studies should be performed to investigate the effect of antioxidants. This paper first reviews the current concepts concerning dialysis amyloidosis, secondly discusses the factors involved in the pathogenesis and finally, attempts to outline new perspectives of treatment for the disease.


Analyzing the errors is one of the appropriate ways to use to show the true proficiency level of the target language that students learn at a particular time. By conducting analysis on grammatical errors, the teacher can conclude the most frequent of errors which are often made by students then, teachers can arrange the more effective and interesting strategies in teaching grammatical rules. This research was aimed to elaborate on kinds of students errors and possible causes of in writing a descriptive text. The instruments used for this research are writing tasks and questioner. This research was a descriptive qualitative method because the data of this research is in the form of sentences and paragraphs. The data gotten were then analyzed by using surface taxonomy strategy. The result of this research, It was found four types of errors in the students writing. Those are omission error, addition error, misformation error, and misordering error. Omission and misformation error is the most frequent of errors found in the text. Whereas, the sources of error found in this research are interlingual transfer, intralingual transfer, the context of learning and communication strategies. Based on the analysis researcher found that interlingual and context learning is the dominant cause of the error. The researcher can deliver suggestion especially to the teacher, they should give the clear explanation about the different rules both Indonesian and English, the teacher should emphasize the concepts of the verb tenses because the most frequent of errors relate to use subject-verb agreement.


Current estimates indicate that the bulk of interplanetary gas consists of protons with energies between 0 and 20 kev and concentrations of 1 to 105 particles/cu cm. Methods and instrumentation for measuring the energy and density distribution of such a gas are considered from the standpoint of suitability for space vehicle payloads. It is concluded that electrostatic analysis of the energy distribution can provide sufficient information in initial experiments. Both magnetic and electrostatic analyzers should eventually be used. Several instruments designed and constructed at the Ames Research Center for space plasma measurements, and the methods of calibration and data reduction are described. In particular, the instrument designed for operation on solar cell power has the following characteristics: weight, 1.1 pounds; size, 2 by 3 by 4 inches; and power consumption, 145 mw. The instrument is designed to yield information on the concentration, energy distribution, and the anisotropy of ion trajectories in the 0.2 to 20 kev range.


Based on scalar quantity diffraction theory, the phase grating of micro-optics structure is studied. The light intensity distribution of diffraction fields is obtained. Results show that the peak position of light intensity moved with the variation of ion beam etching depth. The conclusion can be used in the pick-up of etching depth information during micro-fabrication, and it has important significance in ion beam etching depth's accurate control.


Osteoporosis, an illness resulting in weak and brittle bones, will soon cause over $25 billion dollars of economic damage to the US economy each year. For decades, menopausal osteoporosis was thought to be the result of estrogen loss due to depletion of ovarian follicles. Recent research, however, has shown that the hormone primarily responsible for estrogen synthesis, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), can contribute to bone degeneration. What is unclear is the specific mechanism by which FSH has this effect. We hypothesized that FSH may contribute to monocyte differentiation to osteoclasts. To test this, we used the RAW 246.7 murine monocyte cell line which can differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of RANKL. We were able to find evidence of FSH‐dependent signaling in cells FSH treated cells with or without RANKL. In particular, time dependent activation of the cyclic AMP Response Element Binding Protein (CREB) was observed. Interestingly, RANKL treatment changed the pattern of phosphorylation of CREB and the related transcription factor ATF1. Since CREB partially regulates osteoclast differentiation and function this could be one part of the mechanism by which FSH stimulates osteoclastogenesis and bone demineralization. With this in mind, future therapies targeting FSH action could be developed to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.


Will we ever really know whether surgery is effective in patients with resectable NSCLC?

Despite being a preventable disease, the public health impact of lung cancer is daunting. Lung cancer accounts for more than an estimated one million deaths each year.1 Unfortunately, most persons with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have unresectable disease at presentation with an overall 5 year survival rate of approximately 15%.2,3 In contrast, 99% of patients with prostate cancer, 88% of those with breast cancer and 63% of patients with colon cancer are alive at 5 years.3 For early stage NSCLC the preferred treatment is surgical resection, with an estimated 75 000 procedures performed in the US and 3000 in the UK each year.4 This preference is supported by favourable 5 year survival rates for patients with potentially resectable tumours (stage IA 67%, stage IB, 57%, stage IIA 55%, stage IIB 39%).5 However, up to 30% of patients with stage I and 65% of patients with stage II cancers will experience recurrence within 5 years of resection.6 Furthermore, although recent survival rates for resected stage I and II disease have increased compared with historical controls,7 this has been attributed in part to more careful surgical lymph node analysis (stage migration)8,9,10 and the detection of earlier disease (lead time bias).11

Surgical resection of lung cancer with intent to cure was introduced in the early 1930s by Graham and Singer.12 Surgery was quickly accepted as the preferred treatment modality for early stage NSCLC, based in large part on the results from observational and retrospective studies.13,14 However, relying on these type of studies can be misleading because the apparent benefit of surgical resection may be due to patient characteristics, supportive measures and care, or other …


I appropriate discarded objects seen by the roadside to create monuments to post-industrial America. The selection process is focused on man-made objects and structures such as: dilapidated houses, roadside memorials, tattered billboards, and other discarded materials. Each object is reinterpreted and presented as an artifact or a natural history museum model of something pulled from the contemporary landscape. The purpose is to evoke a sense of wonder from the byproducts of American industrial history. Instead of merely pushing these man-made items into the peripheral of our everyday routine, I recreate the curiosities that happen when they depart from contact with people to move, decay, and harbor with other items to create monuments to cultural disaffection.


i Permission to use Statement iii Acknowledgement iv List of Tables viii List of Figures xii Abbreviations xiv 1.0. Introduction 1 2.0. Literature Review 3 2.1 Energy Requirements 7 2.1.1 Factors that Impact the Ability to Predict Energy Requirements 11 2.1.2 The Net Energy (NE) and Systems Based on NE 13 2.1.3 Determining Net Energy (NE) 14 2.1.4 The Comparative Slaughter Technique 15 2.2 Growth Curve 16 2.2.1 Cattle size 16 2.2.2 Nutrition and Compensatory Growth 18 2.2.3 Hormonal Stimulus 19 2.2.4 Environmental Effects on Growth 19 2.3 Statistical Approaches for Assessing Nutritional Models 20 2.3.1 Regression Analysis 21 2.3.2 Correlation Coefficient and Coefficient of Determination 22 2.3.3 Concordance Correlation Coefficient 23 2.4 NRC (2000) Beef Model 24 2.4.1 Assessing the Accuracy and Precision of the NRC (2000) Beef Model 25 2.4.2 Prediction of Dry Matter Intake (DMI) and Shrunk Weight Gain (SWG) 26 2.4.3 Impact of Western Canada Environmental Conditions on the Accuracy and Precision of the NRC (2000) Beef Model 28 2.5 Ultrasound and Body Condition Score 30


The aim of this community health project were to provide basic oral health care services to one of the most deprived community in Hong Kong (Sham Shui Po). In addition, to investigate the oral health attitude and behaviour, as well as the clinical oral health status of participants of the outreach service. Appointments were arranged for 51 residents. Participants underwent a clinical oral examination using the World Health Organization criteria and a questionnaire to assess their oral health attitude and behaviour. The clinical examination revealed that the mean dental caries experience among adults was 9.2 (SD=6.6) with missing teeth was the major component (5.4, SD=5.5); only 2% of them have healthy gingivae. Although the participants have perceived need for dental treatment, the oral health attitude was relatively poor and do not have regular dental check-up; only around 8% were regular dental attendants. Most participants (96.1%) reported that their daily life was affected by their oral health status. A range of oral health services was provided including oral hygiene instruction, scaling and fluoride treatment in an outreach setting. In conclusion, the participants of the community oral health care service generally had poor oral health and were irregular dental attendees. Basic dental treatment was provided to the participants.


Public child welfare agencies experience high turnover rates, resulting in staff shortage, high case loads, discontinuity in service delivery, and poor outcomes for vulnerable children and families. This paper primarily focuses on the effects of organizational culture and climate on employees' turnover. To do so, it employs a two-sample t test and a regression method. Organizational culture is classified into three components: (1) achievement/innovation/competence (AIC), cooperation/supportiveness/responsiveness (CSR), and emphasis on rewards (ER). Organizational climate is classified into four components: role clarity (RC), personal accomplishment (PA), emotional exhaustion (EE), and workloads (WL). According to the two-sample t test results, low turnover counties have more positive or constructive organizational culture and climate than high turnover counties. In particular, among organizational culture and climate components, emphasis on rewards (ER) and reduction in workloads (WL) show significant differences between two groups of counties. According to the multivariate regression results, only emphasis on rewards (ER) has a significant and negative effect on employees' turnover rates.


The variations of hyperspectral vegetation indices such as red edge position, MERIS terrestrial chlorophyll (TCI) and modified normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI 705 ) using terrestrial cover spectrometry data over the Pryozerne oil field (Crimea) by the spectroradiometer FieldSpec ® 3 FR to receive the searching indices are studied. As far as the points with the vegetation cover there are the limitation for NDVI 705 ≥ 0.169 that distinguishes them from the other points in case of heterogeneous terrestrial cover. The lower magnitudes for all indices of interest relative to their background values out of field boundaries are observed for all points with vegetation cover over the oil field excepting the points near the oil boreholes. The strong correlation between REP and NDVI 705 (r = 0.87) as well as TCI and NDVI 705 (r = 0.88) and decreasing their values over the field shows the possibility of every index to respond to the changes of vegetation cover over hydrocarbon fields and give the informative index values in the prospecting goals only for the areas with the proper limitations of NDVI 705 .


This paper describes how heterogeneous data sources captured in the SignCom project may be used for the analysis and synthesis of French Sign Language (LSF) utterances. The captured data combine video data and multimodal motion capture (mocap) data, including body and hand movements as well as facial expressions. These data are pre-processed, synchronized, and enriched by text annotations of signed language elicitation sessions. The addition of mocap data to traditional data structures provides additional phonetic data to linguists who desire to better understand the various parts of signs (handshape, movement, orientation, etc.) to very exacting levels, as well as their interactions and relative timings. We show how the phonologies of hand configurations and articulator movements may be studied using signal processing and statistical analysis tools to highlight regularities or temporal schemata between the different modalities. Finally, mocap data allows us to replay signs using a computer animation engine, specifically editing and rearranging movements and configurations in order to create novel utterances.


The exponential functions over a finite field, which are chosen as some nonlinear permutations, are illustrated in details. Two new principles of designing S-boxes are proposed. Series of cryptographic parameters are calculated with characteristics of equivalent I/O differential distribution. And an assumption is put forward.


IF SOMALIA'S SITUATION symbolizes what the United Nations will do for a less fortunate world neighbor's health, "PolioPlus" is an indication of what the private sector can do internationally. Rotary International apparently is the first international private sector organization to make a major commitment to child immunization in developing nations and, as 1993 gets under way, there is an expanded energy evident in this "PolioPlus" effort ( JAMA . 1992;267:479). This fall, Rotary International and Foundation officials met at the 1.1million-member service-club association's Evanston, Ill, headquarters with representatives of the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, Pan American Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Carter Center (Emory University, Atlanta, Ga) Task Force for Child Survival and Development. This group has been heartened by news that no polio has been reported in the western hemisphere for more than 16 months ( JAMA . 1992;268:1650). Now, since hosting that fall meeting, the


The article pertains to the vocal debate on use of foreign words in the modern Russian language. An alternative way of language enrichment by its own means is discussed. The article provides an analysis of the new archaic-contemporary discourse realization with the help of archaic and up-to-date language units symbiosis and underlines the positive impact of the proposed language enrichment instead of groundless foreign borrowings.


In a nationwide study, we explored how Israelis, currently stricken by an intense wave of terrorism, perceive the risk of being the victim of a terrorist attack. We studied both absolute and comparative (i.e., vis-a-vis other people at the area of residence) perceived controllability and vulnerability. The picture that emerges is one of realism. We found no evidence of the comparative optimistic illusions, which characterizes the risk-perception literature. Most participants report some level of behavior change and precautions against the threat of terrorism, but most of them were doubtful about the effectiveness of these precautionary attempts. Perceived absolute vulnerability was the only risk perception variable related to precautionary behaviors. We discuss the disappearance of comparative optimistic biases when the threat is clearly realistic.


The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is used within the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as a metric for weighting the climatic impact of emission of different greenhouse gases. Here, two metrics are proposed, which are based on a simple analytical climate model. The first metric is called the Global Temperature Change Potential model and represents the temperature change at a given time due to a pulse emission of a gas (GTPp); the second is similar but represents the effect of a sustained emission change model (GTPs). Both GTPp and GTPs are presented as relative to the temperature change due to a similar emission change of a reference gas, carbon dioxide.


Medical image fusion allows to combine multiple images from single or multiple imaging modalities to improve the imaging quality. It supports physicians in performing more accurate clinical decisions and analysis based on medical images. Hybrid imaging with FDG PET/CT is became a standard in the day-to-day clinical practice for management of cancer because it combines the subtle biologic changes detected by FDG PET with the anatomic information offered by CT scans.In this context, we consider hybrid imaging with FDG PET/CT to propose a methodology aiming to use the fusion CT and PET images to evaluate drug administration in patients undergoing treatment.


Our recent progress in dynamic holographic 3D display is introduced, including compressive holographic 3D display, full-color holographic 3D display, medium for holographic 3D applications, occlusion culling algorithm and improved full analytical polygon-based method.


At the WPA Florence 2009 Congress, it has been quite interesting to be greeted by a number of colleagues saying "I'm glad to see you, I heard that you were severely ill and died of brain cancer".

Well I'm not dead yet, and, to my knowledge, never had a "brain cancer". I had meningioma that was successfully removed and have not had any physical symptoms since then. The neurosurgeon's conclusion was: "you are like new". I do not live with a sand-clock and I am pursuing long-term projects. However, one of my resolutions of "becoming like new" following the opening of my cranium is to keep my mind open and speak my mind up. In this regard I wish to illuminate some quick-sand experiences that we as self-proclaimed experts on human behavior may share. They are our own responses when dealing with a friend or colleague who is supposedly severely ill and may be dying.

One of the two extremes that I encountered were colleagues who expressed over-concern and over-empathy. They would rub my arm with a concerned expression, saying "So, are you OK? Do you really feel fine? I understand your condition". That started to remind me of Bill Clinton's "I feel your pain". But he was a politician, a gifted communicator who addressed groups in real distress.

If I replied "I am fine", these colleagues continued to insist that this could not be so – they heard differently and insisted to continue with the "hyper-empathy". The most efficient way for me to get out of this situation was to actually tell them the uninteresting details and complain about the quasi-empathy. They disappeared within a couple of minutes.

On the other extreme were people who pretended not to notice me and went by me gazing at a far away target. Some of them later shifted to the other extreme and apologetically called with "hyper-empathy".

Interestingly, the frequency of these two behaviors increased when the American media were flooded with reports that Ted Kennedy, the beloved US senator, had a brain tumor. Until then, I did not know that the Senator from Massachusetts may have any direct personal impact on me, but then I started getting phone calls inquiring how I was doing with "my brain tumor".

When I called an "old" friend (84 years old, 30 years friendship) on the phone, her response was "Err" followed by a long silence. I asked her what was the "Err". She said "I heard you had a brain cancer and died, all my friends are dead or dying, where are you calling from?". Well, I am still writing this communication.

The message? Psychiatrists look at thy self. We behave like any other human. At least we should be aware of this and attempt to rectify it and control it when warranted.

Pretension that "all is as usual" may sometimes be better than avoidance of potentially embarrassing situations, or pretension of empathy that the (possibly oversensitive) receiver will perceive as insincere, especially if it comes from somebody who was never regarded as a person who really cared.

The removal of my intracranial space-occupant was apparently peaceful, but the social and professional aftermaths encouraged further reflections. The subjective experience turned out to be part of my lifelong continuing medical education, though with no formal credits.

I would encourage colleagues to share with me (firstname.lastname@example.com) their subjective experiences and observations that may be generalized. Hopefully we will organize an open session in one of our future meetings. The aim will be an operational contribution towards enhanced camaraderie as well as behavioral and relational change.


Given continued underrepresentation of nondominant populations in outdoor adventure education, there is a clear need to create more welcoming environments, increase equity in programs, and empower all participants to become agents of change. Many of the current practices used to create equitable outdoor adventure education experiences are specific to organizations or programs and not universally applicable to other settings or the full spectrum of underrepresented populations. The field may benefit from incorporating effective strategies from other educational contexts to improve equity. This paper discusses universal design of instruction and social justice education as potentially viable strategies for enhancing equity. The authors explain each strategy and apply them to outdoor adventure education programming. Together these strategies provide a framework for evaluating current practices and designing new approaches to enhance equity. Subscribe to JOREL


Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar systems have taken considerable attention among radar community in recent years. As stated in some publications MIMO radars have serious performance advantages compared to single-input single-output (SISO) radars. Although MIMO radars perform well theoretically, they have some practical problems. One of these problems is the data transmission rate required by MIMO radars. Quantization directly affects the amount of data to be transmitted. In this paper effects of quantization on MIMO radar performance is covered.


Background: Although the patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at risk for candidemia resulting in complication, rapid diagnosis of aetiologic agent will reduce the delay in initiating the appropriate therapy with adequate dosage of antifungals thus improving the outcome. Due to reduced susceptibility of nonalbicans Candida species to antifungal agents; testing the antifungal susceptibility pattern has become important both epidemiologically and for patient management. Aim and Objectives: To compare the VITEK 2 Yeast antifungal susceptibility testing with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Broth Microdilution (BMD) reference method against isolates of Candida species and assess the Categorical Agreement (CA) and errors. Material and Methods: Candida species isolated from blood samples of patients admitted under Medical and Surgical ICU of Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Karad were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing by CLSI reference BMD and VITEK 2 method. Results: Compared to the reference BMD method, the VITEK 2 system yielded highly reproducible and accurate MIC results and excellent overall categorical agreement at 100% for amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, and voriconazole against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. lusitaniae and C. guillermondii except C. rugosa and C. glabrata. Conclusion: The VITEK 2 method demonstrated excellent reproducibility and standardization. It provides a fully automated method for fungal identification, determining the MICs against Candida spp. based on spectrophotometry, thus eliminating the inherent bias of manual MIC determination.


Hot Dry Rock geothermal system can produce energy from previously unusable site, which does not require natural convective hydrothermal resources, and therefore it has large potential as a sustainable power generation. In this system, artificial reservoir is produced by hydro-fracturing in the basement due to water injection, and then water travels through fractures in the rock and inject back into the ground. To test time-scale of water circulation in this system, we investigate porosity and permeability changes during fracture experiments in the laboratory. Inada granite was used as an experimental sample, which has been deformed by uniaxial compression test. Porosity and permeability were measured using intra-vessel apparatus at our institute, which is capable to generate pressure as high as 500 MPa at room temperature. The intact sample before compressional test has porosity of 0.8-0.9% and permeability of 1.0x10-18m2 at confining pressure Pc = 10 MPa, which is similar values reported by previous studies (Takeda et al. 2000). The fractured samples after deformation show systematic increase of porosity and permeability, 7.0% and 2.0x10-15m2. Using these hydrological data of fractured rock, water migrating velocity is estimated to be 3.3x10-5m/s. This results travel time of water circulation as long as 670 hours in the Ogachi HDR test site. However, chemical tracer test shows approximately 70 hours as a water travel time in this site (reported by Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry), which is one order of magnitude shorter than that expected from our experimental data. The discrepancy might be caused by different fracture structures in the laboratory compression test relative to the hydro-fracturing in natural test. We plan to perform water injection text in the laboratory and try to simulate more realistic system as a Hot Dry Rock geothermal test. On the seafloor off northeast Sakurajima volcano in the innermost part of the Kagoshima bay, south Kyushu, Japan, an active volcano "Wakamiko"is located, and the volcano is characterized by vigorous fumarolic activity. The "Wakamiko" volcano is considered one of the craters of Aira caldera, which occupied the bay head area, and is formed small depression of 200 m in depth deeper than the caldera floor of about 140 m in depth. In the depression, i.e., Wakamiko crater, at least three active hydrothermal vents have been identified and maximum temperature emitting the vents reach 200 degC. In addition several hydrothermal fluid shimmering sites have been found, distribution of them have been continuously surveyed by ROV and AUV. The coastal line is close to the crater, therefore, much clastic sediments include volcaniclastics emitted from surrounding volcanoes are filled the crater. The unconsolidated sediments in the crater is considered to reach up to 80 m by seismic observation. The venting and shimmering hydrothermal fluids penetrate the unconsolidated sediment layer, then several commercially important elements, it means rare metals, have been precipitated and condensed in the sedimentary layer. Actually, vein formed antimony sulfide, stibnite, has been often observed in the 5 - 6 m long core sediments obtained by piston coring. However, hydrothermal minerals currently precipitated from hydrothermal fluid are small grain and degree of crystallinity is still low. Therefore, it is difficult to find visible grain of such minerals and even to detect by XRD analysis. This study aim to clarify the distribution of minor elements, such as rare metals, in the bulk sediment samples obtained from the Wakamiko hydrothermal field using neutron activation analysis (NAA). Sediment core samples obtained during KT08-9 cruise by RV/Tansei was provided for this study. Those sediment samples already have studied pore water chemistry and clay mineral compositions. We used two core samples, which are significantly affected by hydrothermal fluid. Subsamples picked up each 20 cm interval were freeze-dried and packed about 30 - 40 mg dried sediment into polyethylene bag. NAA was carried out at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute. In, Se, V, Mn, Au and so on in addition to As, Sb and Hg, which are previously reported anomalous condensation in this area, were detected by NAA. As, Sb, Hg and Au were condensed at the layer where present contribution of hydrothermal fluid was obvious. On the other hand, condensation of Mn, V and In was observed at about 50 cm depth below seafloor from the both core samples. As, Sb and Hg are expected to precipitate directly from the hydrothermal fluid, while Mn, V and In were even condensed at the hydrothermal fluid-free layer. It may suggests that Mn, V, and In are precipitated from hydrothermal plume once emitted from the vents under suitable physicochemical condition. molar ratio is 5.31E-6 and 6.41E-5 for Lake Nyos and Monoun, respectively. The gas phase equilibrated with basaltic magma should have Cl/CO2 and S/CO2 ratios of (1.5˜10)E-6 and (5˜13)E-4, respectively (Giggenbach, 1996). The SO4/CO2 ratio for both lakes is much lower than the magmatic S/CO2 ratio. It is speculated that sulfur species in the magmatic fluid was reduced during migration through a hydrothermal system which might develop beneath the lakes. Tatun volcanic group (TGV) is located at northern Taiwan. More than 20 volcanic domes and cones have been created within and around Tatun Graben, which is bounded by Chinshan Fault in the north and Kanchiao Fault in the south. Most volcanoes have been created before 0.3 M (Wang and Chen, 1990), and no historical record of eruption at TVG. However, eruptions in 18 ka BP (Chen and Lin, 2002) and 3 ka BP (Chen, unpublished data) have been identified. Yang et al.(1999) found magmatic contribution in fumarolic gas. In our study, we would like to carried out MT (Magneto-Telluric) survey around TVG to clarify subsurface electrical conductivity distribution, which is the sign of degassing around volcanoes. On TVG area, we made Audio-frequency Magneto-Telluric(AMT) survey on 10 points. All points are located inside the Yanminshan national park. On this survey, survey line is arranged to cross Seven-star volcano north-west to south-west. The total length of survey line is about 10km. The purpose of this survey is to clarify the geothermal distribution beneath the active area of this volcano. We used three MTU-5A equipments (Phoenix Geophysics Inc.), and made observation during 5-6 hours on each points. The hydrothermal system at Kuchi-erabu-jima volcano, which induces phreatic eruptions frequently, is investigated by means of the surface temperature and self potential observations. The surface temperature measurement was conducted on March 11, 2008. The observation was operated by the airplane which has a hole on the floor for aerial photo of vertical direction. The portable infrared thermal camera (AVIO TVS-620) was fixed on the hole to face the ground perpendicularly using the stand designed for this survey. The airplane kept the constant speed and height during the measurement over the volcano. The respective thermal images with suitable condition were combined considering the horizontal orientation, vertical angle and the position. The resultant image represents the overall surface temperature distribution at the selected field. The temperature anomalies up to 40 o C at maximum are observed widely on and around Shin-dake and Furu-dake craters. The similar observation was also conducted at Satsuma-iwojima volcano, which is active volcano showing the persistent high temperature gas discharge at the summit crater. The total amount of the gas discharge is one order of magnitude larger than that of the Kuchi-erabu-jima volcano. The comparison of two volcano shows that the area of surface temperature anomaly of Kuchi-erabu-jima volcano is quite smaller than that of Satsuma-iwojima volcano, and the temperature of kuchi-erabu-jima volcano is sufficiently low. The self potential observation was conducted on November 26-29, 2009. The result indicates that the distribution at western mountainside has the positive correlation with topography, contradicting to the terrain effect. The anomaly reaches 300mV at the summit. The self potential at eastern mountainside has not correlation with topography and shows the flat distribution. This eastern flat distribution is probably related to the subsurface low resistive altered layers. The wide ranging positive anomaly at western mountainside suggests the active hydrothermal circulation within the mountain edifice. The efficiency of degassing of volcanic fluid in magma is one of the key parameters controlling the explosibility of eruption and the diversity of the volcanic activity (Eichelberger et al., 1986; Kagiyama, 2008). Therefore, it is possible to quantify the constraint condition which controls these phenomena by evaluating the mass flux of volcanic fluids released from magma. A portion of released volcanic fluids is discharged from the crater to the atmosphere; the rest is considered to be dissipated by groundwater flow of the aquifer under a volcano. The latter part has not yet been quantified precisely. The electrical conductivity structure of a volcano has a potentiality for estimating the volcanic fluid mass flux by groundwater flow of the aquifer, because the pore water dissolving volcanic fluids has a high electrical conductivity due to high salinity of the pore water. As well as pore water conductivity, matrix conductivity is also increased by hydrothermal alteration. Electromagnetic surveys on a volcano reveal the bulk conductivity, which contains both contributions of pore water and matrix. Therefore, it is required for the estimation of volcanic fluid fluxes using bulk conductivity to take both two conduction components into account. In this study, the quantitative relation between mass flux of volcanic fluids and electrical conductivity structure is examined, by developing the simple model and using numerical simulation


This paper evaluates the benefits of combined optimal control of both passive building thermal capacitance and active thermal energy storage systems to minimize total utility cost in the presence of forecasting uncertainty in the required short-term weather forecasts. Selected short-term weather forecasting models are introduced and investigated with respect to their forecasting accuracy as measured by root mean square error, mean bias error, and the coefficient of variation. The most complex model, a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), shows the worst performance, followed by a static predictor model that references standard weather archives. The best prediction accuracy is found for bin models that develop a characteristic daily profile from observations collected over the past 30 or 60 days. The model that projects yesterday's patterns one day into the future proved to be a surprisingly poor predictor. We test the predictor models in the context of a predictive optimal control task that optimizes building global temperature setpoints and active thermal energy storage charge/discharge rates in a closed-loop mode. For the four locations investigated in this article—Chicago, IL, Denver, CO, Omaha, NE, and Phoenix, AZ—it was determined that the 30-day and 60-day bin predictor models lead to utility cost savings that are only marginally inferior compared to a hypothetical perfect predictor that perfectly anticipates the weather during the next planning horizon. In summary, the predictive optimal control of active and passive building thermal storage inventory using time-of-use electrical utility rates with significant on-peak to off-peak rate differentials and demand charges is a highly promising control strategy when perfect weather forecasts are available. The primary finding of this paper is that it takes only very simple short-term prediction models to realize almost all of the theoretical potential of this technology.


Objective To apply enhanced T2 star weighted angiography(ESWAN) in the diagnosis of meningiomas and to estimate its diagnostic valu.Methods ESWAN was performed in 11 patients(9 females and 2 males,25-68 years old,mean age of 51 years) with menigiomas at 3.0 T.The ESWAN images were compared with conventional sequences including T1WI,post-contrast T1 WI,T2 WI,T2 FLAIR,and CT.Results ESWAN was superior to conventional sequences in identifying blood products,vascular structure,and calcification.Conclusion ESWAN may be used as a complementary sequence for conventional sequences in meningioma,which offers more detailed information for the preoperative diagnosis of meningioma.


Adventure fiction set in Latin America remains a largely unexplored territory in children's literature studies. This article examines a group of 21st century young adult novels set in this region and considers the ways in which readers are positioned in relation to the Latin American image repertoire derived from colonial discourse about landscape, culture and inhabitants (Pre-Hispanic civilisations as well as contemporary indigenous and mestizo peoples). It also looks at the juxtaposition of advanced technology and traditional indigenous practices represented in the texts. It argues that despite the persistence of some stereotypes from boys' popular adventure fiction, the protagonists' rite of passage experiences in the 'contact zone' transform their understanding of the 'Other,' leading to a greater social and environmental awareness as well as a questioning of their own values and identity.


described in his paper puiblislhed in 1911, was the use of the " alveolar eminence on the mandible to stuff the tonsil through the ring." The use of the finger is alluded to only as a secondary procedure recommended for occasional use in dealing with flat fibrous tonsils. In his latest book (1923) Sluder recommends tlle use of finger eversion in all cases. Although the American school deserves great credit for developing and popularizin-g the reverse method of tonsillectomy, let us render honour where honour is due and call the method by the names of Whillis and Pybus of Newcastle.-I am, etc.,


Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been effective in treating gallstone related diseases in which the gallbladder is removed. The surgeon will make a small incision in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen to remove the gallbladder. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy plays a significant role in determining whether or not the gallbladder is functioning adequately and if the gallbladder is needed to be removed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.


The main object of the research was to see what kind of building technique was used and how the building process had proceeded in the 15th century when the St Cross Church of Hattula was built. In addition, it was to see if the building technique could give some proof of the debated issue on whether the Hattula Church was built in a single building phase or not. Firstly, I had to define the original medieval masonry. In doing so, I discovered some new facts about the repairs that had been done during the long history of the church. Secondly, the research of the building technique resulted in a number of interesting facts about the wedges, bonding technique, scaffolding and the lifting levels of the masonry. Thirdly, the vertical joints hint that the bricklayers proceeded from the east end of the nave towards the west end and from the gable ends of the sacristy and the porch towards the nave. Fourthly, it is probable that the same groups of bricklayers had worked on the different parts of the church, the nave, the sacristy and the porch. Therefore, this result combined with other evidence suggests that the church was built in many stages within one single building phase.


How EFSA approaches its work is of critical importance. The main areas of concern raised in this case include the development of insect and weed resistance due to use of GM crops, the indirect impacts on farmland biodiversity of changes in weed populations due to the use of glyphosate on crops and the impacts of glyphosate on the soil and soil processes. Any of these could potentially lead to serious problems, so it is important that EFSA gets it right. This paper examines whether or not they do.


No other television show in history has commented so freely and so humourously on modern times, and there seems to be no end in sight for the sharp satire and pointed parody that 'The Simpsons' serves up every night of the week.


In previous communications to the Royal Society, I have shown that if we consider the sun's declination at the quarter-days of the May year and at the solstices, and also the changes due to precession in the places of five or six of the more conspicuous stars visible, at any epoch, in these latitudes we are able to account for the alignments investigated in the stone monuments in Cornwall and Devon. The present paper deals with a special class of circles in Aberdeenshire in which the method of indicating alignments shows a striking difference. The Cornish method was that still set out in the instructions for the erection of the Gorsedd circle of the Welsh Eisteddfod, the sighting, or directing, stones were placed some distance outside the circle. In Aberdeenshire the method employed was to place a long, recumbent stone generally between two of the upright stones of the circle itself and to obtain the direction of the rising sun or star by sighting across the circle at right angles to the length of the recumbent stone.