Belshaw, H. Standards of Living, Wages and Prices. Wellington: Modern Books in association with the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, I94I. Pp. 48. Benham, Frederic. Economics: A General Textbook. Adapted to American student use by Friedrich A. Lutz. New York: Pitman Publishing Corp., I94I. Pp. xv+525. Boutwell, William Dow; Brodinsky, B. P.; Frederick, Pauline; Harris, Joseph; Nixon, Glenn; Robertson, Archie. America Prepares for Tomorrow: The Story of Our Total Defense Effort. New York: Harper & Bros., I94I. Pp. xv+6I2. Bradford, Frederick A. Money and Banking. New and rev. ed. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., I194I. Pp. xv+845. Brand, Carl F. British Labour's Rise to Power: Eight Studies. Stanford University: Stanford University Press, I94I. Pp. xi+305Carlyle, A. J. Political Liberty: A History of the Conception in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. New York: Oxford University Press, I94I. Pp. Viii?+ 2 20. Chinese Council for Economic Research. Ja-pan's Economy under War .Strain: A Study Conducted by T. Y. Hiu. Washington, I94I. Pp. 68. Coupland, R. Britain and India, I6oo194I. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., I94I. Pp. 94. Cowgill, Donald Olen. Mobile Homes: A Study of Trailer Life. Washington: American Council on Public Affairs, I194I. Pp. vii+I27. Cushman, Robert E. The Independent Regulatory Commissions. New York: Oxford University Press, 194I. Pp. xiv+78o. Dice, Charles Amos, and Eiteman, Wilford John. The Stock Market. 2d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., I94I. Pp. xvi+486. Dixon, Russell A., with the assistance of E. Kingman Eberhart. Economic Institutions and Cultural Change. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., I94I. Pp. XiV+529. Foenander, Orwell de R. Solving Labour Problems in Australia: Being an Additional Series of Essays in the History of Industrial Relations in Australia. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, in association with Oxford University Press, I194I. Pp. xxxv+ i68. Hancock, W. K. Problems of Economic Policy, i9i8-i939, Part I. Vol. II of Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs. Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1940. Pp.


We present a new hybrid density-functional method which predicts transition state barriers with the same accuracy as CBS-APNO, and transition state barriers and enthalpies of reaction with smaller errors than B3LYP, BHandHLYP, and G2. The accuracy of the new method is demonstrated on 132 energies, including 74 transition state barriers and 58 enthalpies of reaction. For 40 reactions with reliable experimental barriers, the absolute mean deviations of the transition state barriers are 0.9, 1.0, 3.1, 3.5, and 3.6 kcal/mol for the new method and the CBS-APNO, G2, B3LYP, and BHandHLYP methods, respectively. The absolute mean deviations of the enthalpies of reaction for 38 reactions with reliable experimental enthalpies are 1.2, 1.4, 3.0, and 5.9 kcal/mol for the new method and the G2, B3LYP, and BHandHLYP methods, respectively. For the new method the maximum absolute deviations for the barriers and enthalpies of reaction are 2.6 and 5.6 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, we present a simple scheme for a hig...


Introduction:
 Associations between post-stroke vascular risk factors levels with post-stroke cognitive decline are uncertain. We determined associations between systolic blood pressure (BP), glucose, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with post-stroke cognitive decline.

 Hypothesis:
 Higher post-stroke systolic BP, glucose, and LDL cholesterol levels are associated with faster post-stroke cognitive decline.

 Methods:
 This cohort study pooled data from 832 participants 18 and older with incident stroke and free of dementia before stroke (50% women and 32% Black) from 4 cohort studies from 1971-2019: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Framingham Offspring Study, and REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate longitudinal changes in cognition after incident stroke. The primary outcome was change in global cognition. Global cognition was harmonized across studies and standardized as T-scores (mean [SD], 50 [10]); a 1-point difference represents a 0.1-SD difference in cognition. Median (IQR) follow-up was 5.5 (3.3-8.3) years.

 Results:
 In separate models, higher post-stroke glucose and LDL levels, but not systolic BP, were associated with faster declines in global cognition (Models M1a, M1b, and M1c, Table 1). In a model with all three vascular risk factors, higher post-stroke mean glucose and LDL levels were associated with faster global cognition decline, though not to traditional levels of statistical significance; however, post-stroke mean systolic BP was not associated with global cognition decline (Model M2, Table 1). Older age was associated with faster cognitive decline in all models.

 Conclusions:
 Our results suggest that higher post-stroke glucose and LDL levels are associated with faster post-stroke cognitive decline. We found no evidence that post-stroke BP levels are associated with post-stroke cognitive decline.


Objective To investigate the effect of emergency endoscopic treatment in elderly patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis(AOSC).Methods 73 patients with AOSC were chosen and divided into two groups.The observation group(37cases)was treated with emergency endoscopic treatment,while the control group(36cases)was treated with emergency laparotomy.The curative effect,change of biochemical indicators and complications were compared between the two groups.Results The abdominal pain relief time and gastrointestinal function recovery time in the observation group were(3.2±1.3)h and(4.8±1.7)h,which were significantly lower than(5.4±1.6)h and(6.4±2.0)h in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The levels of WBC,ALT and TBil after treatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group with statistical difference(P0.05).The total occurrence rates of postoperative infection and complications in the observation group were 2.7% and 16.2% respectively,which were significantly lower than 16.7% and36.1%in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion The emergency endoscopic treatment in AOSC is safe,effective,simple to operate,has less complications,can improve the survival rate and living quality and is worthy of promotion in clinic.


Aluminosilicate ECR-1 zeolite with 12-membered channels was synthesized at 120 ℃ for 4 d in the absence of organic templates.Compared with ECR-1 synthesized at 100 ℃ for 14 d,the crystallization of ECR-1 at 120 ℃ is very fast(4 d),which are reasonably related to their difference in synthesis mechanism(120 ℃: a spontaneous nucleation process;100 ℃: a crystal transformation process).Furthermore,a series of techniques such as IR spectroscopy,N2 isotherm,SEM,ICP,29Si NMR spectroscopy,and catalytic cracking of cymene were used to characterize ECR-1 zeolite.The results show that crystallization of ECR-1 is greatly impacted by the synthesis temperature under organic template-free condition.For its catalytic property,the one dimension channel was the reason for the fast deactivation.


During the construction and development of higher vocational colleges,the work of cultivation and construction of double- professional teacher team is most important. Based on practical teaching experience of science department,the shortcomings of such teachers were analyzed and ways and measures for improving the cultivation and development of such teacher team were put forward.


To determine the value of photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and water feature parameters [osmotic potential at turgorloss peint(ξp),water potential at water saturation point(ξ0),(rate of bound water in cell)(VP /V0),relatire content of water(CRW),and bulk modulus of elasticity(ξ)] of eight tree species,namely Schima superba,Castanopsis sclerophylla,Lithocarpus glabra,Lithocarpus harlandii,Photinia serrulata,Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum,Podocarpus nagi,and Elaeocarpus sylvestris,in the Zhejiang hilly area during autumn,a Li-Cor(Li)-6400 photosynthesis system,a pressure chamber,and pressure-volume(P-V) technology were utilized.A correlation analysis of the parameters was conducted.Results of the correlation analysis showed significant(P 0.05) relationships between VP /V0 and ξ(r = 0.809),VP /V0 and ξ0(r =-0.732),VP /V0 and ξp(r = 0.801).The highest peak water use efficiency(WUE) was found in S.superba(28.52 mmol·mol-1) and the lowest with C.sclerophylla(12.92 mmol·mol-1).The highest water use efficiency per day was with Lithocarpus glabra(10.44 mmol·mol-1),where as the lowest was for C.sclerophylla(4.03 mmol·mol-1).Comparing the five water parameters,the order of water absorption capacity was S.superba Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum Lithocarpus harlandii C.sclerophylla Lithocarpus glabra E.sylvestris Photinia serrulata Podocarpus nagi;whereas the order of dehydration tolerance was S.superba Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum Lithocarpus harlandii C.sclerophylla Lithocarpus glabra E.sylvestris Photinia serrulata Podocarpus nagi.


No. i. This case is the patient noted under creolin, No. 5, with tubercular infiltration of the epiglottis. After unsuccessful results from creolin, we employed menthol five times in the above described manner (10, afterwards 20, per cent.). Swallowing was made a little better (burning was complained of after dropping) ; infiltration of the epiglottis remained without change. The further treatment was suspended on account of a relapse in the general state, which at last caused the death of the patient, as we have already mentioned. No. 2. This case is that of the patient noted under creolin, No. 1, with great infiltration of the false cords, and with superficial ulcerations, also with extensive affection of the posterior regions. After brushing with creolin without success, I employed menthol four times, which—except temporary amendment in swallowing—had no influence at all ; for this reason we passed on to lactic acid, which we have applied up to now with increasing amendment, subjective and objective. No. 3. This case is that of the patient noted under creolin, No. 3, with infiltration, especially of the epiglottis, upon which creolin had no influence. We dropped menthol three times (ten per cent.), and the burning in this case was considerable. While great subjective amendment resulted (the patient could swallow better and better), yet the infiltration of the epiglottis remained without change. This patient died in a short time from general marasmus and progression of the pulmonary process. The results of the autopsy have already been mentioned. No. 4. F., aged fifty-three, musician. Several years ago, syphilis. Laryngoscopic appearance: membrane under the vocal cords. Incision; dilation (method of Schrotter). The anti-syphilitic treatment was without success. Some time after, very slight changes at both summits of the lungs appeared. In the sputa tubercle bacilli were found. Dysphagia, infiltration of the false cords and posterior region, and an ulcer in the neighbourhood of the left processus vocalis. We dropped menthol (10—20 per cent.) three times on the ulcer, which began to clear a little, but swallowing remained without change. Unluckily, the patient did not agree to further treatment, and left the hospital.


Promoting the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) at the local government level has become a crucial area of work in global efforts on disaster risk reduction (DRR). The article analyzes the HFA Mid-Term Review of the Philippines' national progress along with the Asia and Pacific regional and global context. Then, the HFA implementation at the local level for the case of Makati City in the Philippines is examined. The Makati City case study is gauged through the HFA 20 task survey combined with the Makati City Action Plan and the Guide for HFA local implementation. The analysis of a case throughout national and city levels contributes to a better understanding of how these three levels are interlinked to scale up DRR capacity. Additionally, the complementary use and synergy of these different tools to promote HFA implementation at different levels is explored. The HFA as universal policy guidance proves itself instrumental and useful to promote comprehensive DRR approaches and aligned efforts towards the common objectives at global, regional, national, and city levels.


Objectives: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard treatment for symptomatic gallbladder diseases, conversion to open surgery is required in a substantial proportion of patients. In this study, we attempted to clarify whether male sex carries an increased risk for conversion to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: This study comprised 80 patients (41 females, 39 males) with symptomatic gallbladder stones. Average age was 39.2 years, and all female patients were of reproductive age. Patients were excluded from the study if they had acute cholecystitis, previous abdominal surgery, systemic or connective tissue diseases, or were using tobacco, alcohol, or medications that affect wound healing or inflammation. Tissue samples were obtained from the same sites in each gallbladder wall and pericholecystic tissue for the measurement of tissue hydroxyproline (HP) and collagen. Samples were examined under light microscopy for histopathology. Findings in male and female patients were compared by using the Student t test. Results: All patients except 3 males received laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conversion to open cholecystectomy was necessary in those 3 because of intense pericholecystic fibrosis. In male patient samples, macrophages were twice as numerous as in female samples, whereas mast cells in the men were 4 times more numerous, and eosinophils were 6 times more numerous (P<0.01). In men, HP levels in the gallbladder wall and pericholecystic tissue were 23.4±14.9μg/mg dry tissue and 25.2±13.1μg/mg dry tissue, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 13.1±9.4μg/mg dry tissue and 14.5±8.1μg/mg dry tissue. This higher level of tissue HP in men was statistically significant (P<0.015). Tissue collagen levels both in the submucosal area of the gallbladder wall and in pericholecystic tissue were significantly higher in men than in women (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that in the context of symptomatic gallbladder stones, inflammation and fibrosis are more extensive in men than in women. These findings may help explain why the rate of conversion to open surgery is higher in men than in women.


This essay explores the legacy of Iranian poet Forough Farrokhzad (1935–1967) in the Iranian American diaspora. At once political and poetic, particular and universal, Farrokhzad's oeuvre has in recent years become a vital coordinate for a number of contemporary Iranian American women exploring issues of gender, faith, social justice, and human rights across historical and cultural boundaries. I argue that the imaginative recovery of Farrokhzad by Iranian immigrant women writers and artists not only complicates the West's frequently reductive contemporary representations of Middle Eastern women, but marks a bold and evolving interface between modernist Iranian literature and contemporary Iranian immigrant literature. Works discussed in depth include the photographs and films of Shirin Neshat and Maryam Habibian's play Forugh's Reflecting Pool.


Soon after the election of Donald Trump to the presidency, Sisti and Baum-Baicker predicted that researchers "have an opportunity to conduct a natural experiment and examine the health effects of toxic stress." In this article, the stressors related to the Trump presidency are delineated and understood as fertile ground for toxic stress reactions. The physical, behavioral, emotional, and interpersonal effects of this kind of unrelenting stress are detailed. Data presented were gathered from a variety of large-scale sources (e.g., American Psychological Association, Pew Research Center, Gallup) and research journals. Data strongly support the validity of the "Trump stress effect" and are viewed through the lenses of terror management theory, motive attribution asymmetry, and the Freudian and Kleinian unconscious.


The document provides a specification of the Fake Server Name
Indication. Being implemented, the Fake SNI specification provides a
way to cheat the monitoring solutions without providing any additional
information to external observers.


The high-temperature characteristics of SiC,GaAs and Si are studiedusing the model of temperature above which the semiconductor becomes intrinsicand around which thermal runaway problems of p-n junction occur. Theoretical calculations show that Si,Ge,GaAs, 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC can successfully and fully operate at temperatures of 450, 175, 650, 1500 and 2 100℃, respectively. Si andGaAs will dominate the appllications in the temperature range from room temperature to 400℃,while SiC is a viable material for very-high-temperature and highpower electronic devices and circuits.


Although "gut feeling" is a cliché in English parlance, there are neuro-physiological basis for registration of emotions in the gut. Control of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract is by an integration of neuro-hormonal factors from the local myogenic to the central nervous system. Gastric contractile activity, which is responsible for the motor properties of the stomach, is regulated by this integrated complex. Signatures of the activity include gastric electrical activity (GEA) and bowel sounds. GEA has two distinct components: a high-frequency spike activity or post depolarization potential termed the electrical response activity superimposed on a lower frequency, rhythmic depolarization termed the control activity. These signatures are measured in the clinic with contact sensors and well understood for diagnosis of gut dysmotility. Can these signatures be measured at standoff and employed for purposes of biometrics, malintent and wellness assessment?


Sports activities play an important role in strengthening physique and improving the quality of life, which makes the proportion of sports consumption in China's national consumption increase year by year, but the current supply of sports service products in China has not increased with the demand of mass consumption, some sports consumers' needs are not met, and personalized sports service resources are especially short, which is not conducive to the healthy development of sports economy. Therefore, by analyzing the current sports consumption of mass fitness in Jiangxi Province, this paper introduces an extended linear expenditure system to analyze the new sports consumption growth points in Jiangxi Province from the perspective of consumer demand, and puts forward relevant sports consumption development suggestions in a targeted manner to increase the options for the public to carry out sports consumption and provide reference for promoting the diversification of sports consumption in Jiangxi Province.


A sample of 16 high redshift quasars with 2.4 <∼z<∼3.8 was observed with moderate spectral resolution in the restframe ultraviolet. The emission-line fluxes of NV 1240, CIV1549, and HeII1640 were used to estimate the metallicity of the line emitting gas. The line ratios were investigated within the frame work of models presented by Hamann & Ferland (1992, 1993, 1999). The scaled solar abundance model yields inconsistent results for the metallicity while the rapid star formation scenario is successful in indicating a common range of overabundance on base of NV1240/CIV1549 and NV1240/HeII1640 line ratios. We estimated an abundance of Z ' 8 Z of the line emitting gas given by NV/CIV and NV/HeII. Assuming an evolution time scale of∼1 Gyr and a cosmological model with ΩM '0.3, ΩΛ '0.7, and Ho '65 km s−1 Mpc−1 the first violent star formation epoch should start at a redshift of z f ' 6 to 10.


Recent experiments with film-coupled nanoparticles suggest that the impact of spatial dispersion is enhanced in plasmonic structures where high wavevector guided modes are excited. More advanced descriptions of the optical response of metals than Drude's are thus probably necessary in plasmonics. We show that even in classical prism coupler experiments, the plasmonic enhancement of spatial dispersion can be leveraged to make such experiments two orders of magnitude more sensitive. The realistic multilayered structures involved rely on layers that are thick enough to rule our any other phenomenon as the spill-out. Optical evanescent excitation of plasmonic waveguides using prism couplers thus constitutes an ideal platform to study spatial dispersion.


The secondary science teachers' professional needs and their preference for training method between off-line and on-line education were investigated. A nation-wide survey was administered to 145 science teachers from 106 secondary schools. The respondents showed high demands on all items. The prominent need was to motivate students learning science. To the contrary. their need for learning more about history and philosophy of science was the lowest. Veteran teachers and high school teachers had higher demands on designing evaluation items, but nonveteran teachers on evaluating the effectiveness of their instruction and updating their scientific knowledge. Teachers preferred the online education as a training method for most items except laboratory activities.


Jing'an oilfield injection system has more than 10 years,the oil fields with increasing fluence,the local pipe network exposed the water injection system pressure loss is too large,water injection station system pressure rise,many problems in returning large, resulting in decreased efficiency of the system,energy consumption and production costs increase.Jing'an oilfield by 2009,part of the injection site,known for surveying the efficiency of the system,water system,an average of 40.19 percent efficiency,far below the"oil field design,energy saving technical specifications"SY / T 6420-1999 specified target 49%,single injection consumption is too high(0.73kW·h/m~3MPa).In addition,water injection is a"big energy",The consumption of electricity by oil field development 30%of the total electricity consumption,therefore,to carry out energy-saving water injection system has great potential,but also in line with national energy-saving emission reduction requirements on business.


Computer algorithms were developed to extract certain marine sediment properties utilizing the Ulvertech bottom profiler system. A series of normal-incidence bottom reflectivity measurements was made over six test tracks. The test tracks were precise paths that varied in length from 0.1 to 0.5 m over sediments that ranged in composition from hard sand to stiff clay to soft mud. Each track was well-characterized by several core samples. The Ulvertech system uses a parametric source that has its primaries at about 200 kHz, with the difference frequency selectable, either 5, 10, 15, or 20 kHz. The algorithms developed make use of the acoustic information contained in the returns from both the primary and different frequency to extract estimates of the density, grain size, and shear strength of the top 1-2 m of sediment. Some sample data as well as a description of the algorithms are presented.<<ETX>>


The University of Calgary provides access to a series of templates that can be used when writing a thesis. The templates closely follow the Guidelines set by the Faculty of Graduate Studies. Choose a template that works for you


The frost heave problems of the subgrade are among the most encountered geo-hazards in the construction of high-speed-rail in alpine seasonal frozen soil area.This paper presents the frost heave mechanism of high-speed-rail subgrade in the seasonal frozen soils.The problems that exist in the current frost heave design practices are also discussed.Factors that affect the magnitude of the frost heave as well as their mitigation measures are also presented.


A training program in the use of the Gestalt two chair method is presented. This approach is based on three components, a knowledge component, a skill training component and an integrating component. The principles of two chair work and the micro- counselling skills required for this training are described and the training approach for their useis discussed. The major themes covered in the training program are outlined and the major Gestalt concepts of awareness, figure/background, introjection, retroflection and projection are discussed. Some of the specific exercises used in the training are presented. In addition, the importance of training the whole person in both skills and attitudes and awareness is discussed.


Experiment was conduct to study the effect of some Insecticides on plant growth and nematode multiplication. The observations (i.e. plant height, root length, weight of plant, number of galls, root population, egg population, soil population, total nematode population, and multiplication factor) revealed that all the plant growth and nematode multiplication parameter decreases in comparison to the uninoculated check and increases in comparison to the inoculated check. All the treatments were found significantly different from each other. The plant height, root length, weight of plant, number of galls, root population, egg population, soil population, total nematode population, and multiplication factor of nematode was significantly lower in all the treatment in comparison to treated check. The highest plant height, root length, Plant weight, and lowest number of galls, root population, egg population, soil population, total nematode population, and multiplication factor was recorded (20.50), (7.75), (1.98), (4.50), (13.00), (632.25), (892.25), (1537.50), (0.51) respectively in untreated check. The percent increase and decrease in all the parameters recorded was 14.81, 20.31, 23.44, 28.13, 10.94, 14.06 18.13 23.44,10.63, 13.44 15.63 and 19.81percent plant height, 32.43, 41.31, 47.67, 64.20, 28.18, 37.71, 46.61, 57.84, 15.89, 28.60, 40.25 and 50.42 percent in root length, 07.27, 12.73, 17.57, 20.00, 06.06, 11.51, 16.97, 19.93, 05.45, 10.91, 15.15, 18.18 and 07.27 percent in root weight, 62.64, 70.33, 79.12, 87.91, 59.34, 65.93, 74.73, 86.26, 57.14, 62.09, 73.08, 82.97 and 45.50 percent in number of gall 55.3, 64.15,77.07,87.32,50.00, 61.22, 71.71,84.88,46.59, 56.10,67.01, 81.95, 102.50 in root population, 71.86, 78.79, 89.22, 94.61,66.35,75.09,83.63,92.17,63.59,71.54,81.27,90.29, percent in eggs population, 52.99,64.33,72.03,77.10,49.56,62.03,69.95,76.48,64.44,57.47,66.16,73.76, percent in soil population, 67.08,75.11,84.89,90.23,67.46,74.76,80.17,88.24,59.24,67.96,77.44,86.15 percent in total nematode population,67.05,75.05,84.95,90.29,62.29,71.81,80.19,83.38,59.24,68.00,77.52,86.10 percent in multiplication factor respectively. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Wheat (Triticum aestiva L.) cropping system is the mainly popular cropping system for food grain production in India and as well as all over the world. This system covers large aria in India, mainly major rice-wheat growing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. All the rice wheat growing state produce 106.54 million tones rice and 93.90 mt. wheat from 43.95 and 29.90 mha aria. (Anonymous, 2013). (Anonymous, 2013-14). Rice and wheat in growth phase suffer many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, virus and plant parasitic nematode. Considering the fact that plant parasitic nematode particularly rice rootknot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is serious nematode pest of rice-wheat cropping system of eastern Uttar Pradesh where it is predominantly used by the farmers, investigation was planned to generate information on its distribution and host range with host reaction on some rice and wheat varieties. Broad host range of nematode beneficial maintain population absence of main host, many scientist reported rice root knot nematode M. graminicola maintain the population on various weed host and maintain population on weeds for next season (Rich, et al., 2009). Moreover rice root nematode com


Aiming to Web structure mining algorithm is easy for a "topic drift" and mutually strengthening relations among the hots of the problem,a method of hyperlink structure mining based on the maximum flow and the page similarity value is presented.On the basis of traditional HITS algorithm,this method introduced the page similarity value and adopted the Web communities identification based on the maximum flow to construct the models of feature vector space.And then the calculation eventually won the highest value of authority-set and hub-set by iterative method.Experimental results show that the method has better recall and precision,what's more it effectively inhibits the theme of Web structure mining algorithms drift,has some practical value.


Abstract : As the nation's leaders participate in vigorous debate in search of a national health care plan, this paper proposes a model of health care dynamics that is the underpinning of the entire process. Based on the author's twenty years of clinical medical practice and experience in executive leadership positions, he articulates a synergistic relationship between the doctor and the patient. The doctor is subject to pressures of practice that include training experience, desire for income, malpractice fears, peer pressure and command influence. The patient brings pressures to the relationship of a personal nature to include fear of death and dying, loss of control and consumer oriented demands of low prices, convenience and timeliness. All of these factors involve resource expenditure. In light of the additive effects of this dynamic relationship, new insights are achieved by clearly defining the goals of accessible, high quality, and affordable health care. Finally the model is used to examine several modern concepts in health care delivery, 'cost sharing' and 'capitation' budgeting. The conclusion is that the model, based on th doctor- patient relationship, will help senior leaders better understand the dynamic of the health care arena.


Expatriate research has indicated that expatriates often experience a number of difficulties, which can impact on their successful assimilation in host countries. This failure to adjust can impact on an individual level, for example upheaval of family life, and on organizational level, for example loss of investment in expatriate development upon premature return to host country. Considering this issue, a study was undertaken in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to develop a substantive grounded theory aimed at understanding how expatriates use the Internet in KSA. The expatriates in this study resided in Riyadh, the capital of KSA, both on and off compounds. This paper will report on the context in which the study was conducted followed by the methodological and theoretical aspects considered. It will conclude with a brief discussion on the proposed theory which can be conceptualized as: Negotiating adjustment in KSA - the Internet as a lifeline to the "real" world. As this research is still in progress the paper concludes with a description of the way forward for on the research project.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of hypothermia on the expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat model of cardiac arrest.

Methods
Ninety pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 280-320 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group Sham), cardiac arrest-CPR group (group CPR), and hypothermia group (group H). Group Sham underwent only cannulation of the artery and vein and tracheal intubation.In group CPR, cardiac arrest was induced by electric stimulation via the esophagus, and then CPR was performed.In group H, the rectal temperature was cooled down to 32-34 ℃ within 15 min by putting rats on the ice bags immediately after recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and maintained at this level for 6 h, while the rectal temperature was maintained at 36-37 ℃ in the other groups.Neurological deficit score (NDS) was evaluated at 24 and 72 h after ROSC, and the rats were then sacrificed.The hippocampus was removed for examination of the pathological changes of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region (using hematoxylin and eosin staining), and for determination of the expression of CIRP mRNA and protein (using fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot).

Results
Compared with group Sham, NDS score was significantly decreased, and the expression of CIRP mRNA and protein was up-regulated at 24 and 72 h after ROSC in CPR and H groups (P<0.05). Compared with group CPR, NDS score was significantly increased at 72 h after ROSC, and the expression of CIRP mRNA and protein was up-regulated at 24 and 72 h after ROSC in group H (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Hypothermia can effectively reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve neurological function after CPR, and the mechanism is probably related to up-regulation of CIRP expression in a rat model of cardiac arrest.

Key words:
Hypothermia, induced; Heart arrest, induced; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Carrier proteins; Hippocampus


Objective:
Much research that looks at the effects of witnessing conflict between parents focuses around children, but, can witnessing inter-parental conflict as a child influence a person's behaviour in adulthood? The current study investigates weather witnessing inter-parental conflict can cause a person display more aggressive behaviour as an adult. Furthermore, the study looks at the differences between aggression and gender, age and parents' current relationship status.

Method:
54 males and 119 females (N=173) took part in a questionnaire which was administered online. The questionnaire included a background demographic questionnaire, a revised version of the Grych, Seid & Fincham's Children's perception of Inter-parental conflict scale and the Buss-Perry aggression scale.

Results:
There was a weak negative correlation found between inter-parental conflict and aggressive behaviour. A Mann-Whitney U test found that males display more aggression than females, and a one-way between groups ANOVA found aggressive behaviour decreased with age. A Kruskal- Wallis test showed no difference between aggressive behaviour and parents current relationship status.

Conclusion:
Findings from this study suggest that witnessing higher levels of inter-parental conflict as a child is not associated with higher levels of aggression in adulthood. However, Further research should be conducted with regards to the effects of witnessing inter-parental conflict can have on an adult.


This paper is a follow up to our previous paper where the act of slapping someone into next week using Lorentz Transformations was analysed. This paper investigates whether it would be possible to exploit the orbital dynamics of the Earth to achieve a similar effect.


as in the USA and other Westernised countries, there is considerable concern for the well-being of children. Data reviewed in the authoritative Good Childhood report 1 confirms that in many respects children have never lived so well – they have more possessions, better homes, are more educated and less often sick. However, the proportion of 15-to 16-year-olds in Britain suffering significant behavioural difficulties such as conduct problems and hyperactivity rose significantly between 1974 and 1999, with a similar rise in emotional difficulties. This rise does not appear to be artefactual since the same measures were used each time. 2 Since then, the level of diagnosable disorders with impairment has remained roughly constant at 10%. 3 These time trends are likely to be connected with the changing world in which children are growing up, both inside and outside the family unit. Compared with 21 other high-income countries, the UK and the USA were bottom of the 2007 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) report on the quality of childhood: more children are living in single-parent families, and the proportion of children living in relative poverty (defined as less than half the median income) is higher – 10% in most high-income countries, 16% in the UK and 22% in the USA. 4 To ameliorate this will require a range of social and political actions at local and national level. However, improving only the material environment will not necessarily enhance the quality of childhood. An increasing body of evidence suggests that ameliorating the quality of parenting children receive can contribute to reducing disorders and promoting success. The contribution of parenting to child well-being A good parent–child relationship can generate positive experiences within the family and provide the child with emotional security and social skills that enable them to cope with life in a resilient way. A wealth of observational literature confirms that the quality of the parent–child relationship has a strong association with child outcomes. Sensitive responding by the parent in infancy lays the foundation for secure attachments; in middle childhood and beyond, good role-modelling and active encouragement for sociable behaviour coupled with firm, calm limit-setting promotes good adjustment. 5 In contrast, predominantly harsh, rejecting and inconsistent parenting promotes antisocial behaviour and delinquency. 5 The quality of the parental relationship affects more than child behaviour; for example, in one careful study, it explained a third of the 13 percentile point gap in language development …


Many pathogenic viruses are endemic among human populations and can cause a broad variety of diseases, some potentially leading to devastating pandemics. How virus populations maintain diversity and what selective pressures drive population turnover, is not thoroughly understood. We conducted a large-scale phylodynamic analysis of 27 human pathogenic RNA viruses spanning diverse life history traits in search of unifying trends that shape virus evolution. For most virus species, we identify multiple, co-circulating lineages with low turnover rates. These lineages appear to be largely noncompeting and likely occupy semi-independent epidemiological niches that are not regionally or seasonally defined. Typically, intra-lineage mutational signatures are similar to inter-lineage signatures. The principal exception are members of the family Picornaviridae, for which mutations in capsid protein genes are primarily lineage-defining. The persistence of virus lineages appears to stem from limited outbreaks within small communities so that only a minor fraction of the global susceptible population is infected at any time. As disparate communities become increasingly connected through globalization, interaction and competition between lineages might increase as well, which could result in changing selective pressures and increased diversification and/or pathogenicity. Thus, in addition to zoonotic events, ongoing surveillance of familiar, endemic viruses appears to merit global attention with respect to the prevention or mitigation of future pandemics. Significance Numerous pathogenic viruses are endemic in humans and cause a broad variety of diseases, but what is their potential of causing new pandemics? We show that most human pathogenic RNA viruses form multiple, co-circulating lineages with low turnover rates. These lineages appear to be largely noncompeting and occupy distinct epidemiological niches that are not regionally or seasonally defined, and their persistence appears to stem from limited outbreaks in small communities so that a minor fraction of the global susceptible population is infected at any time. However, due to globalization, interaction and competition between lineages might increase, potentially leading to increased diversification and pathogenicity. Thus, endemic viruses appear to merit global attention with respect to the prevention of future pandemics.


Prototype theory of international law formulated by Miodrag A. Jovanovic includes the following theses: (a) justice-delivery as a function of law; (b) institutionalization of adjudication as a fundamental feature of law; (c) coerciveness of law as guaranteeing enforcement; (d) outcasting as the predominant and sufficient means of enforcing international law. The paper analyses these elements, challenges theses (a), (c) and (d), and advances the thesis about (b) adjudication being not just a fundamental but also a necessary feature of law.


In recognition of the contribution by students to innovative and significant research in the aquatic sciences, the Editorial Advisory Committee and publishers of Marine and Freshwater Research are awarding a medal to the author of the best student paper published in the journal each year. This is a significant award – the papers published by the journal are excellent by definition – and the winner receives A$1000. Students from any location are eligible for the medal. The award is designed to highlight the quality of the papers published by younger scientists in the journal and to encourage authors to submit papers reflecting the interdisciplinary scope of MFR. Full details about the criteria for the medal are at the journal's web page http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/126.htm. Students are encouraged to submit their best papers to the journal, and to indicate that they are eligible in the covering letter at the time of submission. It is my privilege to announce the inaugural winner of the medal in this editorial. A sub-committee of myself, Professors Andrew Boulton and David Hamilton and Dr Suzanne Ayvazian considered a shortlist of six papers (from students located around the world) and drawn up on the basis of the award's criteria: significance, originality and creativity of the research presented in them; scientific rigour and quality of design and analysis; the topical nature of the research and its relevance to aquatic science; the likely interest and relevance to a broad international readership and the explicit and potential implications of the work. The high standard of all the papers published made the decision a very difficult task. However, it was evident from the sub-committee members' recommendations that one paper was a deserving winner of the MFR medal. The paper examined the impact of the invasive polychaete species Sabella on associated soft sediment macrofaunal assemblages. Clearly, there is wide spread concern among terrestrial and aquatic ecologists about the impacts of invasive species, but the effects on native organisms are not always clear nor far from settled. The author designed a rigorous field experiment that used mimics of Sabella to test whether changes in the assemblage were due to physical structure or biological condition. The manuscript informs our understanding of invasion and ecological processes and, as the manuscript states, ". . .the effects of S. spallanzanii on larval abundances and colonisation may not be as significant as the effects on post-colonisation processes that structure macrofaunal assemblages in soft sediment habitats". There are evident wider implications and applications to the research. I am very happy to announce that the inaugural winner of the Marine and Freshwater Research Annual Medal for Best Student Paper is Allyson O'Brien of the University of Melbourne, Australia. Many congratulations to Allyson.


Musculoskeletal injuries and disorders are the leading cause of physical disability worldwide and a considerable socioeconomic burden. The lack of effective therapies has driven the development of novel bioengineering approaches that have recently started to gain clinical approvals. In this review, we first discuss the self-repair capacity of the musculoskeletal tissues and describe causes of musculoskeletal dysfunction. We then review the development of novel biomaterial, immunomodulatory, cellular, and gene therapies to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Last, we consider the recent regulatory changes and future areas of technological progress that can accelerate translation of these therapies to clinical practice. Description This Review discusses recent efforts in translating state-of-the-art bioengineering approaches to therapies for musculoskeletal regeneration.


Lepidoptera is a largest order of insects that includes moths and butterflies. It is the second largest order in the class Insecta. Moth species were identified as ecological indicators like disturbance of land forest as well as cultivable agricultural areas. Lepidoptera and moths plays vital role in dynamics of forest ecosystems, the ecosystem by influencing nutrient cycling and agriculture by serving as defoliators, prey or hosts as carnivores, decomposers, and pollinators. The flora that contributes to the biodiversity of Moths can be grouped into 3 major vegetation types such as (A) Agricultural Areas (B) Shrub Forest (C) Grassland. In the present study of biodiversity moth species compared with three experimental sites and observed 2951 individuals of moths representing 17 subfamilies were observed. Among which the Arctiinae sub-family species were highly abundant in all study sites compared with other species. In this experimental finding conclude that Arctiinae rich diversity in (MNP) and other species were predict to immediate protective measures to conserve the forest ecosystems.


The invention provides an optical fiber low-noise frequency reducer capable of being quickly aligned. The optical fiber low-noise frequency reducer is used in a wave collector of a satellite antenna system. The optical fiber low-noise frequency reducer comprises a frequency reducer, a branching device, an electric/optic converter and a power end, wherein the frequency reducer is coupled to an orthogonal mode converter of the wave collector, and is used for reducing the frequency of a polarization signal to generate a first intermediate-frequency signal; the branching device is used for branching the first intermediate-frequency signal to generate a second intermediate-frequency signal and a third intermediate-frequency signal; the electric/optic converter is coupled to the branching device for converting the second intermediate-frequency signal to an optic signal; and the power end is used for receiving electric energy and outputting the third intermediate-frequency signal. Therefore, an engineer can convert the optic signal to the electric signal during aligning without needing a plurality of residential unit equipment and can directly read the intermediate-frequency signals output by the wave collector by a demodulating device to judge whether the aligning is successful or not, so that the optical fiber low-noise frequency reducer is more convenient for the engineer.


View of staff amongst ironing boards and clothing. Inscribed on reverse: Geo Doreian; Eunice Cronin; Bill Meier. Inscribed on reverse: 1952. Inscribed on reverse: Dry cleaning Fctry. Inscribed on reverse: S53


The article analyzes retraining programs provided by public employment offices in Russia with an emphasis on their potential role during economic crisis. Net impacts of the programs are estimated using a rigorous quasi-experimental evaluation technique. It was found that the impact of retraining the unemployed is statistically insignificant both for wages and employment. Neither a positive nor a negative overall effect of the programs was found.


ABSTRACT Introduction High-intensity rehabilitation training will produce exercise fatigue. Objective A backpropagation (BP) network neural algorithm is proposed to predict sports fatigue based on electromyography (EMG) signal images. Methods The principal component analysis algorithm is used to reduce the dimension of EMG signal features. The knee joint angle is estimated by the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm and the BP neural network algorithm. Results The RMSE value of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm is lower than that of the BP neural network algorithm. At the same time, the ρ value of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm is closer to 1, indicating its higher accuracy. Conclusions The model training time of the regularized over-limit learning machine algorithm has been greatly reduced, which improves efficiency. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.


Additional index words. pots, paper pots, water usage, decomposition Abstract. When the substrate surface and drainage holes of feather fi ber, peat, and plastic containers were sealed with wax, hyperbolic growth curves were good fi ts to cumulative water loss on a per container and per cm 2 basis, with R 2 values ranging from 0.88 to 0.96. The effect of container type was signifi cant as the differences in asymptotic maximum water loss (max) values for all container pairs were signifi cant at P < 0.05 for both water loss per container and water loss per cm 2 . The predicted total water loss for peat containers was ≈2.5 times greater than feather containers, and the predicted water loss per cm 2 for the peat container was ≈3 times greater than feather containers. Vinca (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.) 'Cooler Blush' and impatiens (Impatiens walleriana Hook f.) 'Dazzler Rose Star' plants grown in feather and peat containers required more water and more frequent irrigations than those grown in plastic containers. However, plants grown in feather containers required less water and fewer irrigations than plants grown in peat containers. The surface area of containers covered by algal or fungal growth was signifi cantly higher on peat containers than on feather containers. No fungal or algal growth was observed on plastic containers. Additionally, primarily algae were observed on peat containers whereas most discoloration observed on feather containers was due to fungal growth. Dry feather containers had a higher longitudinal strength than dry plastic containers but a lower longitudinal strength than dry peat containers. Wet feather containers had higher longitudinal strength than wet peat containers but a similar longitudinal strength as wet plastic containers. Dry feather and plastic containers had similar lateral strengths and both had signifi cantly higher lateral strength than dry peat containers. Wet feather containers had signifi cantly lower lateral strength than wet plastic containers but had higher lateral strength than wet peat contain- ers. Dry and wet plastic containers had higher punch strength than wet or dry peat and feather containers. Dry peat containers had signifi cantly higher punch strength than dry feather containers. However, wet feather containers had signifi cantly higher punch strength than wet peat containers. Decomposition of peat and feather containers was signifi cantly affected by container type and the species grown in the container. When planted with tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) 'Better Boy', decomposition was not signifi cantly different between the peat and feather containers. However, when vinca and marigold (Tagetes patula L.) 'Janie Bright Yellow' were grown in the containers, decomposition was signifi cantly higher for feather containers than for peat containers. Therefore, containers made from processed feather fi ber provided a new type of biodegradable container with signifi cantly


An insert for a resilient rail fastening system, including a shank terminating at its lower end with an abutment to engage a lower surface of a base plate supporting a rail, the shank having at its upper end downwardly facing clip engaging surfaces which engage a resilient clip so as to cause compression thereof so that the rail engaged by the clip is biased into engagement with the base plate.


The stock market is an aggregation of individuals and corporations engaged in a loose network of buying and selling of shares of companies, called stocks. This buying and selling of shares have high risk associated with it, and therefore several predictions are made to avoid losses and incur profits. Time series analysis is the most basic and fundamental technique to perform this task. This paper depicts the broader view of stock price prediction by combining the results of the different time series analysis model, to find a range of stock prices for the buyers in which no losses will be incurred. The proposed work aims to find the relationship between the stock prices and different existing time series algorithms namely ARIMA and Holt Winter, to explore a safe range of stock prices for investments and thus improving the accuracy of prediction. The results of this work show that these predictions will be equally effective if done for a long or short time intervals.


It is very useful to apply SMART principles in the construction project management.It is able to enhance the measurability and realizability by formulating the unambiguous project management objectives,which makes the management problems more embodied and quantified so as to improve the management efficiency in construction project.


Figs are a critical resource for many tropical frugivores, yet they often are referred to as low quality fruits. To determine their nutritional value, both as a group and for individual species, we analyzed 14 fig species from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, for fiber, tannins, lipids, protein, carbohydrates, amino acids, and minerals. Seeds and pulp were analyzed separately. Fig fruit pulp consisted of about one‐third digestible components, mostly carbohydrates with some lipids and proteins. Tannin, lignin, and water‐soluble carbohydrates showed considerable variation among species, as did fruit size. Figs contained high amounts of amino acids, such as leucine, lysine, valine, and arginine, and minerals, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and phosphorus. One species, Ficus insipida, contained the highest concentrations of almost all amino acids, many minerals, and protein. Small figs had as much nutritional value per gram as large figs. Free‐standing figs had higher percentages of protein, complex carbohydrates, and ash than strangler figs, which had higher percentages of water‐soluble carbohydrates, tannins, and hemicellulose. The guild of fruit‐eating bats on BCI included ten common species with diets dominated by figs. Fecal analyses and captures at ripe fig trees showed a consistent pattern of resource partitioning. Small bats preferentially ate small‐fruited and strangler figs while large bats consumed mostly large‐fruited and free‐standing figs. Small bats most often ate F. bullenei, which has high levels of lipid and carbohydrates, and F. yoponensis, which has high levels of protein. Medium and large bats most often ate F. insipida, a nutritionally superior species; their second most eaten species was F. obtusifolia, in which the large size may make it efficient to eat. Each bat ate a variety of fig species, supporting the idea that although no single species of fig may be sufficient to sustain frugivores, a mix of fig species can provide a complete set of nutrients.


The invention refers to aliphatic-aromatic biodegradable polyesters obtained from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aro matic acids of renewable origin and diols, and also to blends of said polyesters with other biodegradable polymers of either natural or synthetic origin. Patent Application Publication Mar. 24, 2011 US 2011/0071238A1


This project involves discovering how the emergency exit signboard,commonly available at every exit of retail shops and shopping mall,is proposed to allow indoor localization either for targeted push advertisement or victim stuck in the collapse building.An emergency exit signboard,made up of a metal and incandescent light bulb with a battery-backup system,is used in public facilities to denote the
location of closest emergency exit.The proposed system consists of massively deployed ENDLS nodes connected to each other using self-healing Wi-Fi mesh network where the iBeacon broadcasted by the user smartphone app will be picked up and pushed to the cloud to help to localize the user.The iBeacon sniffer of the developed ENDLS node can confidently localize the position of the user with up to 3
meters (average -86.4± 1.3 RSSI value) which is accurate enough for the targeted pushed advertisement.The constructed self-healing Wi-Fi mesh is tested and can
successfully carry packet with transfer rate of 6Kbytes/s (30bytes per packet,5ms interval) to server computer without any loss.In the event of power outages by disaster,
the battery can continue to supply power to the developed ENDLS nodes.The designed and developed emergency server gateway computer,connected with the deployed ENDLS nodes, is able to display the vital signal broadcasted by the victim ' wearable on the rescue portal.


Challenge of space demands an integration of diverse and varied fields in order to develop a new discipline of teaching at the university level. Interaction of education and space research has mutual benefit. Impact, characteristics of space research and its suitability as an academic pursuit, prompt to generate education system and its infrastructure. Manpower requirements are estimated to the order of 100,000 persons besides a high potential of employment in allied fields. Various curricula and research projects are identified. The universities of the developing world do not have large scale infrastructure and a culture for innovative experimentation. Their problems and options have been addressed to. An international centre for space studies is proposed to redress the imbalance and enhance the involvement of the developing world.


This purpose of this research is to explain adaptation with drought from sustainability dimensions in nomadic societies. A questionnaire was developed from a review of literature, observations and open and semi-structural interviews with public and informant Nomads, local leaders and with experts from the local and provincial institutions. Prior to the application of factor analysis, two internal reliability and validity were undertaken. In this regard, a pilot study was conducted with 21 Nomadic families in four townships (IranshahrZabol-Jiroft-Anbarabad) that were not included in the sample population to determine the reliability of the questionnaire for the study through which 82/96 percent was obtained for different parts of research instrument which indicated that the questionnaire was highly reliable. Face and content validity of the instrument were established, refined and finally confirmed using an expert panel, which consisted of research committee, a number of university professors and some senior experts in the Nomadic organization of Iran. The research population consisted of total population of Nomads in the southern of Kerman Province of Iran included between 8314 to 10995 families according to winter and summer quarters population, of whom 374 families were selected stratified sampling with proportional assignment (n=374). Factors respectively based on the nature of their constituent questions, were named as educational, economic, service, political and institutional factors.


This review critically analyzes James Scott's book, Domination and the Arts of Resistance. Scott's account explores the mysteries of unequal power relations in society and the reflection of human behavior in the intellectual world. The book examines the reflections of people's positions on their actions in social life. In addition, by producing new concepts such as public and hidden transcripts, the author contributes to the process of social interpretation. Based on these concepts, Scott tries to analyze why people behave differently in different environments and examine these behaviors' motives. In this way, he explains that the emotions that people involuntarily reflect in some extraordinary situations come from these hidden urges. Within the scope of this book review, we analyzed the book based on Scott's strategies for advancing this scholarship and the relationships in our daily lives. We also tried to emphasize the importance of the book reflected in human life and observed in the social sphere.


This paper discusses the feasibility of applying thermal-plasma solid-waste treatment (TST) technology to achieve straw resource recovery. It introduces the technology's process flow, the basic principles of thermal plasma as well as vitrification and gasification in TST, and analyzes of the advantages and disadvantages of applying TST to achieve the resource recovery of straw. It proposes that the technology is applicable for straw resource recovery because it is of high rate of resource recovery, strong processing capacity and effective comprehensive utilization, but that the technology's industrialization is limited by high energy consumption and difficulty in centralizing raw materials. Nevertheless, these limitations will be solved gradually with China's development. Thus, this technology is enjoying a brightening application prospect.


This note analyzes the process of displacing a fluid element vertically in a layer of fluid. It is shown that, when the thickness of the fluid layer is very small compared with the height over which the density of the fluid element changes significantly, the fluid element may be regarded as incompressible. However, it also turns out that the temperature of the element changes, no matter how thin the fluid layer may be, at the adiabatic lapse rate; it becomes apparent, consequently, that an incompressible fluid, as well as a compressible fluid, undergoes adiabatic heating and cooling.


Querying a PDMS means either flooding the network with messages to all peers or taking advantage of a routing mechanism to reformulate a query only on the best peers selected according to some given criteria. As reformulations may lead to semantic approximations, we deem that such approximations can be exploited for locating the semantically best directions to forward a query to. In this paper, we present our experiences in devising and testing a mechanism for effective query routing in a PDMS. In particular, we describe a distributed index mechanism where each peer is provided with a Semantic Routing Index (SRI) for routing queries effectively. We illustrate SRIs' structure, their use and the framework we devised for their incremental update, then we provide an extensive evaluation of their effectiveness through a set of query routing experiments on a variety of scenarios. This work is partially supported by the PRIN WISDOM and FIRB NeP4B national projects.


Arguing with traditional ontological and epistemological aesthetic theories,Marx pointed out that the source of aesthetic and fine arts is social labouring process.This theory not only recovered the real source of aesthetic and fine arts,but also opened out that Traditional Creating Culture,Crafts,Industrial Design,just as traditional fine arts such as literature,painting,drama,music,dancing,sculpture,architecture etc.,are different aesthetic models created through the labouring process.So Marx brought us a much higher,broader and newer aesthetic vision.


In the present investigation, thin sheets of stabilized and unstabilized ferritic stainless steel were welded in butt joint configuration using irradiation of a 1070 nm fiber-laser. Using optical microscopy, the microstructural evolution upon alternating heat input was characterized. In addition to that, hardness and tensile tests were carried out on the specimens. Detailed focus was given to the intergranular corrosion properties, which were investigated on basis of the Strauss test with different times of exposure to the corrosive environment. Following these tests, the mechanical properties of the joints were characterized using tensile tests. A combination of the latter with an inspection by μ-CT analysis allows for the proposition of an intergranular corrosion rate with regard to the degradation of the joint strength.


Past observations have shown that a frequent item set mining algorithm are supposed to mine the closed ones as the end gives a compact and a complete progress set and better efficiency. Anyhow, the latest closed item set mining algorithms works with candidate maintenance combined with test paradigm which is expensive in runtime as well as space usage when support threshold is less or the item sets gets long. Here, we show, closed pattern mining algorithm, which is a capable algorithm used for mining closed sequences without candidate. It implements a novel sequence closure checking format that based on Dorsum edge pruning and logical analysis approach in short can refer as DEP&LA. A complete observation having sparse and dense real-life data sets proved that DEP&LA performs greater compared to older algorithms as it takes low memory and is faster than any algorithms those cited in literature frequently.


Unraveling the entanglements of fetish and secrecy bound up in the graffiti on the Palestinian face of the Israeli Separation Wall, this article analyzes the proliferation of defacements of the Australian street artist LushSux's meme-graffiti on that wall in Bethlehem. In visually tracing and analyzing these successive moments of defacement, this article ethnographically captures a popular performance of collective Palestinian sovereignty within the borderlands of the Israeli Separation Wall. Celebrating defacement's generative power to create a new face, this article demonstrates how defacement was an assertive act of unmasking the raw power of Israel's colonial project.


The characteristics of combustion and of emissions in pressurized fluidized bed combustor are investigated. The pressure of the combustor is fixed at 6 atm, and the combustion temperatures are set to 850, 900, and . The gas velocities are 0.9, 1.1, and 1.3 m/s. The excess air ratio is varied from 5 to 35%. The coal used in the experiment is Shenhwa coal in China. All experiments are executed at 2m bed height. Consequently, NOx & concentration in the flue gas is increased with incresing excess air ratio but concentration is decreased with incresing excess air ratio. CO concentration is maintained below 100ppm at over 15% of excess air ratio


This study investigates the association between undocumented immigration and crime among youthful offenders. Using official record and self-reported offending measures collected across seven-waves of data from the longitudinal Crossroads Study, the prevalence and variety of offending are compared for undocumented immigrant, documented immigrant, and US-born groups during the transition into young adulthood. Results suggest that, as compared to documented immigrants and US-born peers, undocumented immigrants report engaging in less crime prior to and following their first arrest. Conversely, official records reflect a marginally higher level of re-arrest among undocumented immigrants, particularly in the months immediately following the first arrest. This divergence in findings warrants focused consideration to disentangle whether the difference is due to differential involvement in crime, differential treatment in the justice system, or a combination of factors. Additional research is needed to test whether the results found in this study generalize to other immigrant groups and contexts.


We describe a symbol classification technique for identifying the expected locations of neighboring symbols in mathematical expressions. We use the seven symbol layout classes of the DRACULAEmath notation parser (Zanibbi, Blostein, and Cordy, 2002) to represent expected locations for neighboring symbols: Ascender, Descender, Centered, Open Bracket, Non-Script, Variable Range (e.g. integrals) and Square Root. A new feature based on shape contexts (Belongie et al., 2002) named layout context is used to describe the arrangement of neighboring symbol bounding boxes relative to a reference symbol, and the nearest neighbor rule is used for classification. 1917 mathematical symbols from the University of Washington III document database are used in our experiments. Using a leave-one-out estimate, our best classification rate reaches nearly 80%. In our experiments, we find that the size of the symbol neighborhood, and number and arrangement of key points representing a symbol affect performance significantly.


Host-virus interactions are typified by evolutionary 'arms races,' wherein viral genes evolve to subvert host defenses and host defense genes in turn evolve to thwart infection. Genes involved in adding and removing post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation to proteins are common targets of conflict between host and virus (Adhya and Basu, 2010; Salomon and Orth, 2013). However, the involvement of other PTMs in this process, particularly ADP-ribosylation, is unclear. Proteins are ADP-ribosylated by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), which have been implicated in diverse cellular processes including the DNA damage response, chromosome segregation, and transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, several viruses require ADP-ribosylation for replication, and overexpression of PARP13 inhibits replication of a diverse group of viruses, highlighting the seemingly contradictory roles of PARPs in viral replication. The authors previously found evidence for positive selection (that is, a greater accumulation of mutations that alter protein sequence than those that do not) of primate PARP13, suggesting that it is involved in host-virus conflict. Despite this suggestive evidence, no clear model for how ADP-ribosylation might prevent viral replication has emerged. Reasoning that proteins involved in the regulation of ADP-ribosylation would show evidence of positive selection if they were the focus of a host-virus conflict, postdoctoral fellow Dr. Matthew Daugherty and colleagues in the laboratory of Dr. Harmit Malik (Basic Sciences Division) undertook an evolutionary analysis of human PARP genes and their primate orthologs, which revealed evidence for positive selection of these genes.


Governments in Latin American cities are pursuing regulatory reforms to address the negative externalities of informal public transportation service providers. This is achieved by regulatory actions that work to consolidate many small operators competing "in the market" into fewer larger companies competing "for the market." This reform addresses problems in the previous phase of the regulatory cycle, but requires a larger role for public authorities. The cities of Bogotá, Santiago and Mexico City took different approaches and have achieved different levels of formalization. Under these cities' new regulatory regimes, bus companies have consolidated and public authorities now rely on renegotiation of contracts instead of open rebidding. However, industry formalization increases costs, requiring public subsidy or higher fares, and puts financial pressure on the public sector. These results imply a continued instability in the regulatory cycle; without increased public sector capacity, it is possible that large, entrenched operators and increasing costs will create a new market opening for informal service.


The present invention provides a coding method based on bidirectional prediction, the decoding method and apparatus. The decoding method comprising: an enhancement layer of the current image according to the at least one enhancement layer reference image and a residual image at least a base layer image corresponding to the reference image generating at least one enhancement layer, and the at least one residual image as at least one first reference a first reference image is added to the list of the current image of the image enhancement layer; generating an image according to the base layer image corresponding to the second reference image of the current enhancement layer, and the addition of the second reference image to the current image of the second enhancement layer reference image list; a list based on a first reference picture and a second reference picture list, the bidirectional prediction block of the image enhancement layer of the current image is encoded. The present invention, each image block using the differential mode flag is set to achieve no need to lower the cost.


Demands for the highly efficient and high performance urban utility plants such as energy plants(with renewable energy resources) and various environmental facilities having been continuously increased all over the world according to the environmental regulation, like the Kyoto protocol and the European Emission Trading Scheme. So new clean technology branches, such as renewable energy, combined heat and power(CHP), district heating and cooling(DHC), mechanical, biological and thermal treatment(MBT) and so on, are entering the energy plant market. But the domestic market in this fields are largely depends on the foreign technologies in Korea, and therefore the development of original design and construction technologies for various urban utility plants becomes urgent problems. The problems of the domestic urban utility plants analyzed in this study and the multipurpose integrated system model for various urban energy and environmental plants had also been proposed which could be the alternative suitable to the present situation of Korea.


We show the design and the parameters of operation of the long-wavelength (U100) FEL at ELBE. First lasing has been shown in August, 2006. Since then, the laser has undergone thorough commissioning and is available for user experiments since fall, 2006. Besides in-house users the IR beam is available to external users in the FELBE (FEL@ELBE) program witch is a part of the integrated activity on synchrotron and free electron laser science in the EU. At the beginning of 2007 lasing in the full designed wavelength range from 20 µm to 200 µm was demonstrated. The laser power typically reaches several Watts in cw operation but drops for very long wavelengths depending on the size of the used outcoupling hole. However, there exists a serious problem with small gaps in the wavelength spectrum. We attribute this behaviour to the transmission characteristics of the overmoded partial waveguide used from the undulator entrance to the first mirror. INTRUDUCTION


We present an analysis of multi-wavelength observations from various data sets and Galactic plane surveys to study the star-formation process in the W42 complex. A bipolar appearance of the W42 complex is evident due to the ionizing feedback from the O5–O6 type star in a medium that is highly inhomogeneous. The Very Large Telescope/NACO adaptive-optics K and L′ images (resolutions ∼0.″2–0.″1) resolved this ionizing source into multiple point-like sources below ∼5000 AU scale. The position angle ∼15° of the W42 molecular cloud is consistent with the H-band starlight mean polarization angle, which in turn is close to the Galactic magnetic field, suggesting the influence of the Galactic field on the evolution of the W42 molecular cloud. Herschel sub-millimeter data analysis reveals three clumps located along the waist axis of the bipolar nebula, with the peak column densities of ∼(3–5) × 1022 cm−2 corresponding to visual extinctions of AV ∼ 32–53.5 mag. The Herschel temperature map traces a temperature gradient in W42, revealing regions of 20 K, 25 K, and 30–36 K. Herschel maps reveal embedded filaments (length ∼1–3 pc) that appear to be radially pointed to the denser clump associated with the O5–O6 star, forming a hub-filament system. A total of 512 candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) are identified in the complex, ∼40% of which are present in clusters distributed mainly within the molecular cloud, including the Herschel filaments. Our data sets suggest that the YSO clusters, including the massive stars, are located at the junction of the filaments, similar to those seen in the Rosette Molecular Cloud.


The solvent-induced UV−vis spectral shifts in 4-nitroanisole and pyridinium N-phenoxide betaine-30 dyes utilized in the famous π* and ET(30) polarity scales, respectively, are analyzed by molecular theories in terms of long-range solute−solvent interactions due to induction, dispersion, and dipole−dipole forces. The solvent-induced shift is represented as a sum of the differential solute−solvent internal energy and the differential energy of binding the solvent molecules in the solute vicinity. The aim of the study is 3−fold:  (i) to clarify and quantify the relative effects of the three types of interactions, (ii) to elicit the magnitude of the effect of specific forces, and (iii) to evaluate the contribution of the differential solvent binding to the spectral shift. For (i), the dye properties directing the weighting are the size and the differences in both polarizability and dipole moment between ground and excited states. Accordingly, the distinctions π* vs ET(30) derive from the different sizes (4.5 ...


Our work is one of the rare studies that sought to verify the relationship between green supply chain management practices and environmental performance in companies in an emerging Latin American market. We surveyed in the specialized literature on environmental management and green supply chain management (GSCM) for practices were most cited and can influence this relationship. From this review, an e-survey was constructed and answered by 79 environmental or supply chain/logistics managers from the surveyed sample. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the adoption of green supply chain management practices and the environmental performance of the companies. We found that GSCM practices: environmental management with total quality (GSCM4), cooperation with suppliers to achieve environmental management objectives (GSCM7), and cross-functional cooperation for environmental improvements (GSCM3), in this order. These are the main GSCM practices that influence the environmental performance in the surveyed companies. Thus, our study adds relevant information to the specialized literature and for the decision-making of managers, professionals, and government working in this area of study.


Ganoderma lucidum is an important medicinal mushroom being used in clinical, pharmaceutical and nutritional industry for the treatment of various diseases such as migraine, hypertension, asthma, hepatitis and cardiovascular problems. Originally, G. lucidum (Traditional Chinese Medicine) was used in China, a very important component of the Chinese treasure of culture. It is distributed over a broad ecogeographical range and has been reported on more than 144 host tree species and in India it grows nearly on 62 different host tree species. Natural conditions based on local environmental variations can promote phenotypic differentiation among different isolates. Present study reports collection of sporophores from 15 different host tree species from north India, showed diversity in their morphological characters.


The rapid development and application of computer network has encouraged the application of GIS which is popular in a wide range and made the research of Web GIS be a focus. There are some problems about the browser of Web GIS. For example, the drawing efficiency is poor, it cannot support vector drawing directly and so on. In order to improve the client's interactivity and real-time performance, This article is on the basis of solving those problems that browser doesn't support vector drawing and rendering slowing, little storage place and the slowing transfer rate, combined with the HTML5 Canvas, Web Socket, Web Storage technology to build a Web GIS real-time client that could improve those problems effectively and help changing users' feelings.


Photoelectron angular distribution asymmetry parameters β for the process leaving the ions in the B 2+ n p and n s ( n =2 and 3) states from the ground and excited 2 s 2 p 1,3 P states of Be-like B...


The anesthetic management of newborns with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) and esophageal atresia (EA) can be challenging due to fistula between the airway and esophagus leading to difficulty in perioperative airway management. Maintaining the endotracheal tube (ETT) position during surgical manipulation and adequate ventilation without gastric distention complications is crucial. This study presents two cases of full-term and normal-birthweight newborns with Type C TEF/EA. Both of the patients underwent one-step surgical repair without gastrostomy insertion. Instead of using gastrostomy, correct placement of ETT might be checked by physical examination. Induction of anesthesia was done using volatile inhalational agents and fentanyl as analgetic. For intubation facilitation, spontaneous breath and ventilation were maintained to prevent gastric distention. This report showed that good intubation conditions could be achieved with deep volatile agents and without muscle relaxants. Patients were ventilated with an assisted-controlled technique following their spontaneous breath until the defect was ligated. Hemodynamic was maintained stably in both patients during the operation. Full-term babies with normal birthweight and no other congenital anomalies are generally associated with a better prognosis.


The S(1D2)+CO(X1Σ+) product channel from photodissociation of OCS at 217 nm has been measured using the DC slice velocity map imaging (VMI) technique in combination with resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Two different REMPI intermediate states (1F3 and 1P1) and several pump-probe laser polarization geometries are used to detect the angular momentum polarization of the photofragmented S(1D2). The molecular-frame polarization parameters, as well as the laboratory-frame anisotropy parameters, for individual rotational states of co-fragment CO, are determined using two different full quantum theories. The measured total kinetic energy release spectrum from photodissociation of OCS indicates two dissociation channels, corresponding to the fast and slow recoiling velocities of S(1D2), respectively. The slow channel is concluded to originate from an initial photoexcitation to the A(1A′) state, followed by a non-adiabatic transition to the ground state. The fast channel is found to follow a coherent excitation to A(1A′) and B(1A″) states, where contributions of the two states are almost equal at 217 nm. The determined alignment and anisotropy parameters further indicate that the slow channel follows an incoherent excitation, while the fast channel follows a coherent excitation to A(1A′) and B(1A″) states with a phase difference of π/2.The S(1D2)+CO(X1Σ+) product channel from photodissociation of OCS at 217 nm has been measured using the DC slice velocity map imaging (VMI) technique in combination with resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). Two different REMPI intermediate states (1F3 and 1P1) and several pump-probe laser polarization geometries are used to detect the angular momentum polarization of the photofragmented S(1D2). The molecular-frame polarization parameters, as well as the laboratory-frame anisotropy parameters, for individual rotational states of co-fragment CO, are determined using two different full quantum theories. The measured total kinetic energy release spectrum from photodissociation of OCS indicates two dissociation channels, corresponding to the fast and slow recoiling velocities of S(1D2), respectively. The slow channel is concluded to originate from an initial photoexcitation to the A(1A′) state, followed by a non-adiabatic transition to the ground state. The fast channel is found to follow a coher...


Background: Social isolation is a key concern for immigrant older adults. We examined the effectiveness of a peer-based intervention in reducing loneliness, social isolation, and improving psychosocial well-being with a sample of aging Chinese immigrants. Methods: Sixty community-dwelling older Chinese immigrants aged 65 and older were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group (n=30 each). Intervention group participants received an eight-week peer support intervention. Twenty-four volunteers aged 48 to 76 engaged in two-on-one peer support through home visits and telephone calls to provide emotional support, problem-solving support, and community resource sharing. An randomized control trial design was used to capture the changes of both the intervention group and the control group participants in a range of psychosocial outcomes including loneliness, social support, barriers to social participation, depressive symptoms, anxiety, life satisfaction, happiness, and purpose in life. Results: The intervention group participants showed a decrease in loneliness and increase in resilience when compared to control group participants. They reported fewer depressive symptoms, fewer barriers to social participation, increased life satisfaction, and happiness while no such improvements were observed in the control group. Conclusions: There is a need to further examine the use of peer-based interventions for both program effectiveness and delivery efficiency. In the era of population aging and increasing immigration, diverse aging adults can be trained to fill volunteer support roles via peer-based intervention approaches. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN14572069, Registered 23 December 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14572069 Funding: There are no external funding for this study.


This paper presents the approach based on change of the electrostatic capacitance and the half-wave dipole antenna theory to detect a disconnected location of down conductors inside wind turbine blades. With the help of the Finite Difference Time Domain method, the simulation models are constructed to verify the proposed techniques by calculating the current distribution along the length of down conductors and the electric capacitance of down conductors. In addition, the applications of the proposed techniques using dimensions from manufacturer's data of wind turbines to create simulation models are shown in this paper. In the simulation, the length of the down conductor was varied from the root to its maximum length to detect the disconnected location. From the simulation results, the relationships between the length of down conductor and electric capacitance and peak of resonant current are presented.


We discuss various types of exotic (non‐standard) singularities in the Universe: a Big‐Rip (BR or type I), a Sudden Future Singularity (SFS or type II), a Generalized Sudden Future Singularity, a Finite Scale Factor singularity (FSF or type III), a Big‐Separation (BS or type IV) and a w‐singularity. They are characterized by violation of all or some of the energy conditions which results in a blow‐up of all or some of the physical quantities: the scale factor, the energy density, the pressure, and the barotropic index. We relate the emergence of these singularities with physical theories (superstring, brane, higher‐order gravity, loop quantum cosmology). We show how the models involving exotic singularities may serve as dark energy by applying the observational data. In particular, we show that some of these exotic singularities (though being of a weak type according to relativistic definitions) may occur in the near future of the universe.


This paper traces and distils crisis in theory and organization that threatens to generate what we call here a cacophony of voices—a `dada' of incoherence and contradiction; but it is babble with `real world' consequences and effects. To explore this we consider organization studies as a machine that is out of control, an `ambulatory automatism' (Hacking, 1999) that is symptomatic of the end, or perhaps the impossibility, of `the social'. Theory can respond to this crisis, however, if it can recover its capacity for `theorizing', a practice that can help navigate and understand contemporary organization, but only insofar as it is able to embrace its absurdity and surrealism and learn to accept that truth may be error, and fact, fiction. `Pataphysical experiments and the practice of theory as θεωρia , as travel and adventure, provide some suggestive modes of theorizing that welcomes and admits the necessity and inevitability of theory as a `deterritorialising activity' in the struggle to respond to the challenge of organization today.


Many Australian universities are looking for models of community engagement that are not "third stream" or somehow independent of core business but, like Work Related Learning and collaborative research, essential for the development of graduate attributes and the achievement of graduate outcomes. Ostensibly the concept of service learning provides one of these models. In the United States, service learning has grown rapidly for a variety of purposes: as a means of engaging students with communities, promoting civic and social responsibility and enhancing student learning of academic content. Service learning is a usually defined as a credit-bearing activity and is integrated into existing subject units. Students apply what they have learnt in the classroom to address priorities in the community in partnership with that community. Service learning, therefore, requires a partnership relationship between the educational institution and community partners, with the intent of mutual benefit. An emerging body of research into service learning methodology and outcomes has documented positive outcomes related to retention, learning, and development of pro-social behaviors, and identifies best practices. Professional associations, publications, and email groups support the service learning educator. Interest in community engagement and service learning has fostered national conversations about higher education for the public good (Benson & Harkavy, 2002) and about the human drive "to create, maintain and develop the Good Society that would enable human beings to lead long, healthy, active, virtuous, happy lives" (Chambers, 2005, p. 3). However, this concept of service to others and the wider community and the importance of values education is not a given. Public higher education in the US is more likely to shy away from service learning goals related to values or citizenship and to emphasize service learning as an active learning pedagogy (the idea of learning by doing articulated by John Dewey) with benefits to academic learning and professional development. Much of the interest in engagement (see Kellogg report of 1999: Returning to our Roots as an example) arose from a national policy environment that positioned higher education as merely a private benefit to the students. During the 1980s, federal and state policy changes greatly increased the proportion of educational costs borne by students and reduce public funding to universities. These policies created a more vocational view of the purposes of higher education. Some higher education leaders, beginning in the 1990s, posited that engagement in community issues would be an effective strategy for renewing higher education's larger role in creating public good by addressing critical public issues through partnerships. But can the American service learning be transplanted to the Australian context where a culture of education for democracy and citizenship is at odds with a culture of education for private benefit and vocational outcome that has increasingly seized the policy agenda? Are Australian universities ready to come down from their sandstone towers and work with, rather than just for communities? This paper looks at the relevance of service learning in the Australian context, factors that may hinder its wider adoption and asks the question whether Australian universities are ready to become truly engaged in service learning. Education for the Public Good: Is Service Learning possible in the Australian Context?


A hierarchical crack identification scheme is proposed based on electric potential measurements. It consists of three stages for progressive estimation of the size and the location of a crack embedded in an electric current carrying body. The scheme includes two different identification procedures, applied on the different stages, which in the proposed method are internally connected as one whole operation, since each stage uses the results from the previous one. The identification procedure is organized in such a way that it can be stopped after each stage, for each stage provides information for the presence of the crack and its dimensions. The completion of the first stage gives a comparatively rough estimate of the size of the crack, classifying it as a negligible, small, medium or large one. The second stage obtains intervals to which the parameters characterizing the crack belong. In the last stage a precise enough estimate of the crack parameters is obtained by applying optimization technique. The ...


For the twin goals of environmental improvement and poverty reduction to be met within developing Asia there is a need for greater pro-active management of the economy-environment interface than occurs under existing policy approaches. Many observers are now calling for policy integration – for the internalization of environmental concerns within core economic development strategies and policies. Significant obstacles exist to the adoption and implementation of effective systems of environmental protection within developing Asia, including weak and under-resourced institutions of environmental regulation, and a shortage of political will to implement necessary reforms. Policy integration appears to offer a way forward to overcome these obstacles. In this paper, we examine policy integration as a way of enhancing environmental protection by more closely aligning efforts to improve environmental quality and economic performance within developing Asian economies. We draw upon the experience of East Asian Newly Industrializing Economies to provide practical examples of policy integration in action. We draw out the implications of the East Asian experience for other developing countries within the Asia Pacific region and explore ways in which organizations of environmental protection and economic development can work together without compromising their individual autonomy.


The study aims to promote the implementation of dual-certificate training system in higher vocational education.Questionnaires were designed to investigate students' attitudes towards leaning,comments on teaching,their future professional desires,and recognition to professional qualification certificates.In doing so,the effect of implementing dual-certificate training system in higher vocational education and problems reflected from the data can be understood from the perspective of students.Based on the investigation,some proposals are given concerning educational concept,the selection of certificates,and teachers' training.


Radio-frequency Received Signal Strength (RSS) based positioning systems have become the most important alter-natives for regions where satellite measurements are unavailable. However, the calibration stage of these systems still presents several drawbacks due to the technical limitations in accurate measurement solutions. In this work, we propose an automatic RSS calibration system for fingerprinting positioning in the context of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), using the advantages of ultrasound time of flight estimations. The proposed system allows using the complete RSS distributions, improving positioning results in more than 0.3 m in static positioning and robustness in dynamic positioning. However, the most significant contribution of this work is the reduction of the calibration work by automatizing reference measurements without human presence, allowing for longer calibration times and greater numbers of measurements.


Abstract : The present project deals with the fuel spray modelling in multifuel engines using the droplet behaviour approach. The multifuel engine is able to burn different types of fuel having various physical and chemical properties, either clear or mixture with arbitrary mixing ratio. Analysis of the physical and chemical properties affecting mixture creation and combustion have been carried out to define the parameters affecting the accuracy of spray modelling. It is found that the spray is affected by air flow field, heat transfer, fuel atomization, droplet behaviour, fuel evaporation and chemical kinetics. Solution of the flow field and experimental results of heat transfer have been obtained. Experiments were performed in a set up that allowed variation of the swirl chamber geometry and operating conditions to evaluate the instantaneous surface heat transfer under firing conditions. The instantaneous heat flux was determined taking into consideration the instantaneous composition of products and variation of specific heats. A generalized expression has been established for the calculation of heat transfer to the chamber wall under variable design and operating conditions.


In this paper, the Si vertical Hall devices ale fabricated by using standard bipolar process and investigated in terms of the opeating and noise properties. The sensitivity of device with P+ isolation dam(type B) has been increased up to about 1.2 times compared to that device without the dam also noise has been increased. With the condition of f=I[KHz], band-width 1[Hz], the resolution of magnetic-field detection were about / type B and / type A, respectively, thus we must consider correlation the low noise or good resolution and high sensitivity in the situation for device geometry design or even for the materials.


With two wild species and one cultivated cultivar of Allium tuberosum as materials,chlorophyll content,gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescent kinetics parameters were determined and characteristics of fluorescent photosynthetic physiology of different Alliumtuberosum were discussed in this paper.The results showed that the chlorophyll contents of Super snow leek were higher than that wildly grown in Jiushan and Shennongshan,but the chlorophyll a/b was lower than the leek grown in Jiushan and Shennongshan.The intrinsic photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm)and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)of Super Snow Leek were higher than that in Jiushan and Shennongshan leek,while the non-photochemical quenching(NPQ)was contrary.When the light intensity was between 0μmol·m-2·s-1 and 800μmol·m-2·s-1,the net photosynthesis rate(Pn),stomatal conductivity(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)was on upward trend,intercellular CO2concentration(Ci)was on downward trend.When the light intensity was higher 800μmol·m-2·s-1,Pn,Gs and Trin Super Snow Leek were upward,but was downward in Jiushan and Shennongshan leek.These results provide the physiological indexes and reference for hybridization breeding of Chinese Chives with high photosynthetic efficiency.