The article reviews the book 'The Paradox Principles: How High-Performance Companies Manage Chaos, Complexity, and Contradiction to Achieve Superior Results,' by Price Waterhouse Change Integration Team.


The significant improvementin plantstability offered by fastturbinevalvingisdemonstrated fromthe resultsof transient stability studiesat a fossil-fired steamplantofa large-scale power system.Rotorangle swingsof the unitsand theresulting systempower swingsunder a three-phase faultand stuckbreaker contingency are analyzed. The benefits ofindependent poleoperation (IPO) breakersattheplant are evaluated fromthestandpoint of plantstability. Improvedplantand systemstability performance resulting fromthesuccessful independent poleoperation ofthefailed breakerisdemonstrated. The advantages ofIPObreakers over fastturbine valvingwithregardtoenhancedstability marginsand extendedcritical faultclearing timesare investigated. Furthermore,out-of-step protectiverelay schemes associated withIPO breakerapplications are briefly discussed.


The presentation intends to analyse population change in Romania after 1989 in a regional prospective. Absolute population change and the changes in the age structure as well as internal and international migrations are put into relation to the labour market changes. In the last two decades the Romanian regions experienced a decline of fertility and an increase in the share of the working age population. The share of the population 65 years and older is still relatively low. This demographic situation, combined with a weak labour market (low labour force demand) leads to various forms of underemployment of the active population and to high emigration. Romanians are the most numerous EU-immigrants to EU-27 Member States. The demographic and economic importance of these migration flows will be analysed and their mid- and long-term sustainability will be discussed. The demographic outlook for the future decades and the possible consequences for the labour force supply are based on the various scenarios and international and national population projections for Romania at regional level. The steep population decline projected in some of the scenarios could cause considerable challenges for the economic and social situation of the Romanian regions.


Scenario planning is an increasingly important tool in sustainability science. Scenario planning seeks to elicit and analyse plausible future trajectories of a given (social-ecological) system, through the use of participative focus groups. Scenarios ideally create images of alternative futures that should be plausible, but also should inspire people to think beyond their usual horizons. To this end, effective communication of scenario planning results is key. Frequently (though not always) scenarios are illustrated not only via narratives but also via visual artwork. In this session, we will share and discuss experiences in communicating the results of scenario planning via visual arts to stakeholders from different backgrounds and scientists from different disciplines. Guiding questions to be addressed in this session are: 1) How do visualizations of scenarios help to foster discussion among stakeholders? 2) Can scenario visualizations help to generate shared visions of the future considering diverse worldviews and knowledge-systems among stakeholders? If so, can visualizations help to empower stakeholders regarding specific management actions? The session is planned to consist of three parts. First, a small number of invited speakers (4-6) will present scenarios from their own work in speed talks (describing the key features of the studied system and the scenarios). Second, we will have an exhibition of artwork generated in different scenario exercises (from key speakers) in the same room. Session participants will have time to get inspired by the artworks and informally discuss and share experiences. To address the main questions posed above, we will ask volunteers (as many as key speakers) to try to answer these for each of the scenarios, based on the discussions among all workshop participants. Finally, these volunteers will (briefly) present their observations to all participants, and we will summarize how visual arts can be applied to serve as a tool to foster communication of scenario planning results. Format of the session: Speed talks, exhibition of scenario artwork, meet and mingle in front of the exhibited pictures, summary of the discussion outcomes with regard to the key questions Contributing persons (with case study) to scenario exhibition: Elisa Oteros-Rozas (Transhumance Spain) Sandra Vilardy (Ciénaga Grande of Santa Marta, Colombia) Tobias Plieninger (Swabian Alb, Germany) Garry Peterson (Makanya Catchment, Tanzania) Berta Mart́ın-López (Doñana, Spain) Jan Hanspach (Southern Transylvania)


The activated carbon was prepared from rice straw by activation of sodium hydroxide.The optimum conditions were obtained by using the orthogonal experiment method.The results showed that the best sample of activated carbon was obtained under the conditions of the ratio of NaOH/coal of 2,activation time of 60 min,activation temperature of 600 ℃ and the carbonization temperature of 350 ℃.The methylene blue adsorption value and iodine adsorption value of the prepared activated carbon were 29.2 mL/0.1 g and 1 706.98 mg/g,respectively.The product quality index was close to the activated carbon standard for water purification。


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Throughout a healthy pregnancy, there is a general elevation of hemostatic activation markers, and research has shown that platelet activation contributes to a general hypercoagulable state. Here, we studied healthy individuals during early and late pregnancy and also postpartum


This is the first detailed examination of the process whereby the national lottery is allocated
in Ireland. This report examines the purpose of the lottery when it was enacted in 1986; where
lottery funding is allocated; the allocation process; and the degree to which lottery money is
additional to or has instead replaced areas of mainstream, government, exchequer spending.
Projects funded by the national lottery were worth £84m in 1995, distributed principally to
government and non-governmental services in the areas of education, health, welfare, culture
and the arts. A particular focus of the report is the role which the lottery plays for voluntary
and community organizations.


For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which make up 90 percent of businesses worldwide, accessing domestic and global markets is critical to growing their businesses, creating new jobs, and fostering inclusive growth. Yet, entering these markets is often highly challenging in low to middle-income countries. Among the many barriers, potential SME suppliers lack information about market opportunities, while potential buyers often don't know how to find the businesses that are best suited to meet their needs. Compared to their peers in high-income countries, they often have difficulty building trusting relationships with buyers and face various financial, legal, and regulatory challenges, ranging from red tape to weak enforcement of contracts.


[Objective]To investigate the relevance of psychological stress, behavior and biochemical indicators with hypertension.[Methods]A case-control study was employed to select 75 patients of 35~74 years old with hypertension and 75 healthy controls in communities of Wuzhong City. Self-designed questionnaire and SCL-90 were used to conduct survey of the psychological and behavioral status. And medical examinations and blood biochemical parameters determination were done.[Results]Various factors such as the effects of alcohol consumption, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), negative life events were significantly different between the 2 groups(P0.05). compared with the norm, SCL-90 factor scores, somatization symptoms, anxiety, hostility, terrorism, mental illness of hypertensive group were significantly different (P0.05).[Conclusion]The prevalence of hypertension in communities is related with alcohol, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, negative life events and psychological stress.


The acute toxicity of pellitorine, an amide isolated from Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae) which is studied as a biopesticide in European corner borer, was evaluated on larvae and newly emerged adults of honeybee Apis mellifera by means of contact and ingestion bioassays. Workers in the larval and adult phase were separated in groups, which received pellitorine in different concentrations. The larvae were maintained in their own original cells, receiving feeding and normal care from the nurses. The adults were confined in wooden cages with screens, receiving artificial diet made up of sugar and water (1:1). The concentrations of 40, 200, 1 000, 5 000 and 25 000 ng a.i./individual were obtained diluting pellitorine in 98% ethanol. LD10 values of 39.14, 36.16 and 13.79 ng a.i./insect were determined for larvae, for adults by ingestion and adults by contact, respectively. The honeybee larvae were shown to be highly susceptible to the amide pellitorine. Apis mellifera / toxicity / contact / ingestion / pellitorine / biopesticide


s of Papers Presented NEW YORK CITY, SEPTEMBER 7, 8, 9, 1959 Compiled by NED B. WILLIAMS and HAMILTON B. G. ROBINSON The first International Conference on Oral Biology was sponsored by the International Association for Dental Research and the American Dental Association with the aid of a grant of $30,000 from the Colgate-Palmolive Company. The planning was placed in the hands of a committee of Drs. Ned B. Williams, Chairman, Basil G. Bibby, D. Walter Cohen, Josse E. de Wever, James A. English, Eli D. Goldsmith, John W. Hein, Seymour J. Kreshover, and Hamilton B. G. Robinson. The conference was held in New York City on September 7-9, 1959, immediately preceding the centennial meeting of the American Dental Association. The program consisted of six sessions, two each day, and a dinner session. There were 55 speakers and discussers, including 8 from overseas, 49 invited representatives from the dental schools in North America, and 201 guests from 15 different countries. At the dinner session, which was attended by 118 individuals, Dr. Carl Sebelius presented a beautifully illustrated lecture on his recent experiences around the world as the World Health Organization's dental officer. Dr. Hamilton B. G. Robinson, president of the International Association for Dental Research, introduced the international guests, including representatives of the Federation Dentaire Internationale, and expressed appreciation to the sponsor, the Colgate-Palmolive Company. I. ENAMEL. SEPTEMBER 7, 1959. MORNING 1. CHEMISTRY OF THE ENAMEL SURFACE.-Finn Brudevold, Forsyth Dental Dispensary, Boston, Massachusetts. While there is little difference in the concentration of calcium and phosphate in surface and subsurface enamel, marked differences occur with regard to certain other enamel constituents. F, Zn, Pb, and to a lesser extent Fe, Ag, Mn, Si, and Sn are present in greater concentrations in the outer than in the inner portions of the enamel. Carbonate, Na, and Mg follow an opposite distribution pattern and increase in concentrations from the surface inward. Some elements, including Cu and Sr, occur in similar concentrations in surface and subsurface enamel. Analysis of organic constituents, i.e., nitrogen, citrate, and lactate, show greater concentrations in surface enamel than in adjacent underlying enamel. There seems to be less water in surface than in subsurface enamel. The composition of surface enamel varies greatly in teeth from different geographical regions. The concentration of F in outer enamel increases almost linearly with increase in F in the drinking water. The increase in F of surface enamel with age is more marked at low than at high concentrations of F in the drinking water. In addition to Ca and P, the constituents of surface enamel occurring in greatest molar concentrations include carbonate, Na, F, Mg, and Zn. Citrate, Al, Sr, Pb, Mn, Cu, Si, Ag, Fe, and Sn are present only in concentrations less than 10 micromoles per gram and are therefore less likely to affect its physical properties. 2. CHEMICAL ACTION OF EXTERNAL FLUIDS ON ENAMEL.-S. Yngve Ericsson, Dental School, Stockholm, Sweden. External fluids, by definition, comprise saliva, ingested fluids, and regurgitated gastric contents. The permeability of the enamel to water and water-soluble substances seems to be confined to structures of comparatively low min-


Green management describes the construction of business, and green business strategies are the future of sustainable development; they enhance corporate performance and create profitable and sustainable competitive businesses. The operational goals for sustainability change over time and require a continuous process of completing projects related to renegotiating the trade-off between economic, environmental and social aspects. In order to manage this trade-off, project management is necessary.
In terms of information systems, an important aspect of project management is to minimize the stakeholder perception gap and match expectations between users and service providers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how 'green components' impact the success of IS/IT projects.
The findings show that the green IT strategies have a positive impact on management activities, reduce the stakeholder perception gap, increase user perception, and decrease uncertainty risk. Furthermore, it is found that the stakeholder perception gap can be minimized through the use of good management skills or activities, and that by reducing the stakeholder perception gap, uncertainty risk is reduced; this reduction in risk is found to further increase project performance.


In 1991 and 1992, the National Marine Fisheries Service completed the second and third years of a 3-year study to estimate juvenile salmonid (Oncorhynchus spp.) timing and survival characteristics related to passage through the Prosser Dam complex, including the Chandler Canal and the Chandler fish collection facility, on the Yakima River. Yearling chinook (O. tshawyacha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) were collected at the Chandler facility, PIT tagged, and released at various locations in the Yakima River, Chandler Canal, and the Chandler facility. Individual fish were subsequently detected at PIT-tag detection monitors at the Chandler facility and/or McNary Dam on the Columbia River. Survival through various reaches, PIT-tag detection efficiency, and Chandler Canal fish entrainment proportion parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood techniques. The research objectives in 1991 and 1992 were to: (1) assess the effects of passage through the Chandler Canal and the Chandler facility on the survival of juvenile salmonids, (2) determine the entrainment rate of juvenile salmonids into the Chandler Canal as a function of river flow, and (3) determine the efficiency and reliability of the PIT-tag monitoring system at the Chandler facility. The initial 1990 research plan was expanded in 1991 and 1992 to include several more release locations and many more release days.


Constant-on-time (COT) control with an additional current feedback path in conventional buck converters can remove the need of large equivalent series resistance (ESR) at the output capacitor but it induces degraded output voltage regulation accuracy and slow transient response owing to opposite reaction between the output voltage and the additional current feedback information. Therefore, this paper proposes the pseudowave tracking (PWT) technique to reduce the load-dependent dc offset voltage of output load regulation while keeping the fast transient response similar to conventional COT buck converter with large ESR. The PWT technique further improves the transient response instantly by extending on-time and off-time periods during light-to-heavy and heavy-to-light load changes, respectively. The test chip fabricated in 28 nm CMOS process has demonstrated the improvement of offset voltage from 42 to 4 mV, while the transient response can be improved to 4 and 5 μs with load changes from 0.3 to 1.7 A and vice versa, respectively.


In Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),a faulty sensor may produce incorrect data and transmit them to the others. This would consume the limited energy and bandwidth of WSNs.Furthermore,the base station may make inappropriate decision when it receives the incorrect data.To solve these problems,this paper presents a distributed fault detection algorithm for wireless sensor networks.Faulty sensor nodes are identified based on comparisons between neighboring nodes and dissemination of the decision made at each node.Simulation results show that sensor nodes with permanent faults are identified with high accuracy for a wide range of fault rates.


The present invention provides a salbutamol drug detection colloidal gold test paper card, which comprises a sample absorption pad, a conjugate releasing pad, a reaction membrane, a water absorption pad and a backing, wherein the reaction membrane is provided with a detection line formed by coating a salbutamol-carrier protein conjugate and a quality control line formed by coating goat anti-mouse anti-antibody, and the conjugate releasing pad is coated with a salbutamol monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold marker. The present invention further provides a method for adopting the salbutamol colloidal gold test paper card to detect salbutamol drugs. The salbutamol drug detection colloidal gold test paper card can be used for detection of salbutamol drug residues in urine, pork, chicken, fish, shrimp and feed samples, has characteristics of simple operation, high sensitivity, rapid detection and low cost, and is suitable for screening and on-site monitoring of a large number of samples.


Voice Dialogue Applications(VDAs) increase popularity nowadays. As the same sentence expressed with different emotion may convey different meanings, inferring emotion from users' queries can help give a more humanized response for VDAs. However, the large-scale Internet voice data involving a tremendous amount of users, bring in a great diversity of users' dialects and expression preferences. Therefore, the traditional speech emotion recognition methods mainly targeting at acted corpora cannot handle the massive and diverse data effectively. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised Emotion-oriented Bimodal Deep Autoencoder (EBDA) to infer emotion from large-scale Internet voice data. Specifically, as the previous research mainly focuses on acoustic features only, we utilize EBDA to fully integrate both acoustic and textual features. Meanwhile, to employ large-scale unlabeled data to enhance the classification performance, we adopt a semi-supervised strategy. The experimental results on 6 emotion categories based on a dataset collected from Sogou Voice Assistant1 containing 7.5 million utterances outperform several alternative baselines (+0.18% in terms of F1 on average). Finally, we show some interesting case studies to further demonstrate the practicability of our model. 1http://yy.sogou.com


Abstract : Eukaryotic marine algal viruses are large, dsDNA viruses. Feldmannia species Virus (resolved in two genome size classes 158 and 178 kbp) was developed as our prototype study systems. This virus infects marine brown algae. In nature sporophytic plants develop both plurilocular (mitotic) sporangia producing 2N spores and unilocular (meiotic) sporangia producing N spores. 2N spores normally yield adult sporophytes; haploid spores produce male and female gametophytes whose spores are the gametes for the sexual cycle. In the virus infected plant this life cycle is altered. Sporangia from virus-infected sporophytes do not produce spores. Instead unilocular sporangia contain virus particles. We show that the virus genomes exists in an integrated form within all other cells. All together the data suggest an integration/excision mechanism that employs an integrase/recombinase and conservative site-specific recombination. This enzyme complex appears to include topoisomerase-like activities which recognize sites within the virus and host. Unlike previously described systems we expect blunt end cutting and ligation or single bp. A large family of 173 bp repeat elements in the FsV genome was characterized. Two ORFs for 'RING' zinc finger bearing genes were found as were two protein kinase genes. Northern blots demonstrated 6 major and 18 minor transcripts. The most abundant transcript was the major structural protein. Sequence analysis indicated significant homology with proteins of Chlorella-virus, Iridioviruses and African Swine Virus.


Driven by the exploding popularity of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), the demand for thin, flexible, lightweight intelligent sensingdevices is growing rapidly. Two attractive examples are intelligent ...


RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A NATIONAL CONSENSUS AGENDA BY THE NATIONAL GOVERNORS' ASSOCIATION WORKING GROUP ON STATE MOTOR CARRIER PROCEDURES PROPOSALS AND IMPLEMENTATION BY THE STATES


Abstract Numerical integrations with a 5-level quasi-geostrophic model incorporating effects of released latent heat were carried out for three cases of winter cyclogenesis. For purposes of comparison, calculations were also performed for each case with an initially dry atmosphere. The following typical features were noted: In areas of predicted precipitation, the "moist" prognoses yielded heights at 1000 mb up to 150 m lower than those of the "dry" forecasts. Furthermore, the heights of the cyclone centers were more accurately predicted by the "moist" scheme than by the "dry." At 300 mb the differences were similar in magnitude to those at 100 mb but opposite in sign. Precipitation associated with the frontal waves was predicted with some success but convective rainfall along and ahead of the cold fronts was inadequately forecast. The above characteristics were also observed in a fourth case study described in an earlier paper by the author.


I was never really sure what 'iconoclastic' meant. I assumed it was something you made carriers bags and catheter tubing from. Now though, older, wiser and the owner of a dictionary, not only can I define it, but I am happy to subscribe to its spirit.


The utility model relates to a multifunctional two hull vessel which is a small two hull power driving vessel with multiple glass reinforced plastics. A hull of the multifunctional two body vessel is composed of two single hulls with the same line type, wherein the two single hulls are connected with a deck platform which is assembled with unit decks. A power device and a vessel cover which is composed of a cover frame and a cover body are arranged on the deck platform. The vessel cover of the utility model is designed into a combined type with a plurality of uses to form a cabin with the functions of sun shading, rain prevention, mosquito and insect prevention, thermal protection, lighting, observation, etc. The two hull vessel is composed of anti-sinking glass single hull ships which can be disassembled conveniently to serve as hand rowing sport vessels or power boats. The utility model is suitable for a plurality of uses, such as tour, tourism, sport, entertainment, rest, fishing, encampment, transportation, etc.


Chromosome doubling is a frequently used strategy in breeding programmes. In ornamentals now mostly in vitro protocols are used for polyploidisation, as good micropropagation protocols have already been established for many plant species. Tissue culture protocols offer a broader pallet of methods that can be evaluated for polyploidisation as compared with the in vivo applications of antimotitotic agents. Here we give an overview on in vitro polyploidisation methods with practical examples on herbaceous and woody ornamental species: Helleborus, Ranunculus, Spathiphyllum, Buddleja and Rhododendron.


According to the result of farmland gradation and appraisal,this paper explores appraisal methods for the balance of farmland occupation and compensation and set up a system of conversion by selecting 3,246 points of datum price and setting up a price model of farmland gradation and appraisal index and the relevant standard land price to get the standard datum price of every appraisal unit,so as to avoid apparent and short-term balance and realize the sustainable use of land resources.


The automatic control of coiler of aluminium foil slitting machine is fulfilled with S5-115U PLC as central part,its high stability and reliability realized.


This paperexaminesthe directionanddevelopment ofruraldemocratizationinthe post New Order era. There are variations inthe dynamicsandqualityof democracyfrom onevillagetoanothervillage. In addition, theprospect ofdemocratizationstrongly influencedby theexistence of thediversityof social institutionsthat existineveryvillage Therefore, itis impossible to apply uniform democracyinIndonesia. The dynamic ofvil lagedemocracyafter the New Order era is still very dependent onthe leadershipof politicalelite. The head ofthe villagelargely determinesthe direction ofpolitical lifein the village. Village leaderis animportant instrumentin changing theconsciousness ofthe community toparticipateinthe planningprogram. This in turnwill affect theavail ability ofaccessandopennessof publicfacilities. In addition to villageleaders, agents ofdemocracyoccupiesa strategicpositioninpressing fordemocratizationagendainthe community. The socialstructure ofanegalitariansociety willnotbe usefulifcommunitiesdo notactivelyplay theroleof agent of democracy. Indonesia'sruraldemocracyis stillat the level ofnon-participation. Insomecases, "manipulation" and"therapy" are often used aspaternalisticmethods. It remains a challenge to involvewider community members during project implementation. Keywords : rural, democracy, participation, and control.


Many ELT examinations have gone online in the last few years and a large number of educational institutions have also started considering the possibility of implementing their own tests. This paper deals with the training of a group of 24 ELT teachers in the Region of Valencia (Spain). In 2007, the Ministry of Education provided funds to determine whether it would be possible to implement an online University Entrance Examination (P.A.U.) in Spain at the national level. The project was to address three main areas: the technology, the students and the teachers. In relation to the teachers, the focus of this paper, the project was to investigate whether there were any changes in their routines, teaching methodology and attitudes towards assessment using technology. This brief study focuses on one of the last tasks in the preparation stage for implementation of the computerized exam, and it is intended to predict and observe the teachers' reactions towards computer assisted language testing, the new test and the new test design. The findings shed light on the teachers' internal changes and their changes in attitude throughout the process.


Raman scattering and Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra of α-pinene and trans -pinane were measured for both enantiomers. The experiment was performed on a newly built, fully computer-controlled backscattering incident circular polarization ROA instrument. High-quality spectra were obtained and interpreted on the basis of ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Excellent agreement between the calculated and observed spectra was observed in the mid IR region. An approximate distributed origin gauge model for calculation of the polarization tensors was proposed. The shapes of ROA spectra calculated with this model are similar to those obtained with conventional, computationally more demanding ROA computations.


FIELD: technology for distributing copyright-protected content via networks. SUBSTANCE: in method, signs, determining level of copyright control, are packed together with content, to which these are related, in form of datagram for transfer via network. Dependently on copyright control level, determined by appropriate signs, terminal, receiving content, is limited in operations possible to perform over content, including saving, reading and transferring of content. EFFECT: protection of content from unauthorized copying and distribution via network. 6 cl, 7 dwg


The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is still obscure. In this study, we investigated whether the fundamental pathogenesis of IgAN lies in bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) and whether bone marrow transplantation from normal C57BL/6j (B6) mice can attenuate glomerular lesions in a murine IgAN model (high serum level IgA ddY mouse; HIGA mouse). Mesangial deposits of IgA and C3 and glomerular sclerosis in HIGA recipients of BMCs from B6 mice (B6→HIGA) were decreased as compared with those in HIGA recipients of BMCs from HIGA mice (HIGA→HIGA). Furthermore, the serum levels of IgA and macromolecular IgA were notably lower in B6→HIGA mice than in HIGA→HIGA mice. Of note, bone marrow derived H-2b-positive cells from B6 donors were observed in the glomeruli of H-2b-negative HIGA recipients. Our data suggest that qualitative and quantitative changes of serum IgA are determined at the level of stem cells and that bone marrow transplantation from normal mice may not only replace recipients' immune cells with donors' BMCs, but also regenerate glomerular cells in HIGA mice. This approach offers a promising strategy for the treatment of IgAN.


The terahertz pulse train resulting from absorbed rotational line spectra is modeled as the Fourier transform of a periodically filtered terahertz pulse in the frequency domain. The model is compared with previous absorption measurements in N2O.


The city of Bandar Lampung as the capital of Lampung Province causes a high number of movements so that traffic jams cannot be avoided on several roads in the City of Bandar Lampung. Responding to these problems, the city government of Bandar Lampung has carried out many flyovers as an effort to increase road capacity to meet high demand and is projected to continue to increase. The Teuku Umar flyover in Kedaton sub-district is one of the three flyovers built in 2017-2018. Jalan Teuku Umar has quite a variety of activities, namely the center of trade, education and health activities. This research was conducted to determine the impact caused by the construction of flyovers on traffic performance in both internal and external areas using a VCR projection on the affected roads. This research also considers land use in the vicinity of the projection, which is carried out using the Origin and Destination Matrix data, population projections, vehicle ownership projections, and road capacity. The results of the research analysis explain that the time limit for road services on existing roads / underpasses and flyovers is still stable with a VCR <0.85 is 15 years. However, the condition of the flyover section remains saturated, so the government in 2033 makes it important to limit building intensity.


Abstract Background Breed predispositions, survival, and prognostic factors have not been evaluated in dogs with nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia (nrIMA). Hypothesis/Objectives To describe clinicopathologic variables, evaluate their associations with survival, and determine breed predispositions for dogs with nrIMA. Animals Fifty‐nine client‐owned dogs with nrIMA. Methods Referral hospital records were reviewed retrospectively for dogs with primary nrIMA (PCV ≤30%, corrected reticulocyte percentage (CR%) ≤1.0, bone marrow sampling with evidence of immune‐mediated destruction, and underlying causes excluded). Breed predispositions were evaluated by calculation of odds ratios in a case control study; prognostic factors by logistic regression in a cohort study. Results Fifty‐nine dogs with nrIMA had a median PCV of 12% (interquartile range [IQR]: 10%‐17%) and CR% 0.1 (0%‐0.2%). At least ≥1 ACVIM IMHA diagnostic criteria were met by 35 dogs (59%). Whippets, Lurchers, and miniature Dachshunds were predisposed to nrIMA. Median survival time was 277 days (IQR: 37‐1925), with 3‐ and 12‐month survival rates 61% and 43%, respectively. Erythroid regeneration and remission were achieved by 88% and 62% of dogs, respectively. Corrected reticulocyte percentage >0.2 was associated with improved survival. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Although there is overlap of clinical features between dogs with IMHA and nrIMA, the prognosis for those with nrIMA depends predominantly on the severity of reticulocytopenia.


This paper assesses the performance of three taggers (MBT, TnT and TreeTagger) when used for the morphosyntactic annotation of classical Latin texts. With this aim in view, we selected the training corpora, -as well as the samples used for tests-, from the texts of the LASLA database. The texts were chosen according to their ability to allow testing of the taggers sensitivity to stylistic, diachronic, generic or discursive variations. On the one hand, this research pinpoints the achievements of each tagger according to the various corpora. On the other hand, the paper proves that these taggers can be used as true heuristic instruments and can help to improve significantly the description of the corpus. MOTS-CLES : latin classique, style, genre, discours, morphosyntaxe, etiqueteurs.


The present investigation was carried out with 78 diverse horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (L.) Verdc] genotypes along with 4 checks during the late Kharif season. Data was recorded on days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, pod weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), and 100-seed weight (g). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters studied. A wide range of variations had been observed for all the characters except for the number of seeds per pod. The highest coefficient of variation was observed in the number of pods per plant followed by 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits but the differences were narrow. The highest magnitude of PCV and GCV were recorded for seed yield per plant (g) followed by pod weight (g) indicating a wide range of variation which provides a chance for yield improvement. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight, seed yield per plant, and 100 seed weight indicating additive gene action and the abundant scope for improvement in these traits through simple selection. This study provides information about the performance of the genotypes and identifies some prominent genotypes. Thirty-three genotypes recorded significantly higher seed yield per plant as compared to the best-performing check. These genotypes were IC 426292, IC 470167, IC 426471, IC 470229, IC 470206, IC 470262, IC 426464, IC 107247, IC 108076, IC 426550, IC 426540, IC 108078, IC 426537, IC 470166, IC 467865, CRHG-1, IC 426539, IC 426478, IC 426524, IC 426549, IC 426522, IC 470170, IC 261278, IC 470188, IC 426535, IC 107222, IC 226533, IC 426574, IC 426523, IC 526965, IC 426571, IC 426517 and IC 426538. These genotypes may be further used for parental selection in breeding programs for the improvement of yield and its attributes in horse gram.


The understanding module of a spoken dialogue system must extract, from the speech recognizer output, the kind of request expressed by the caller (the call type ) and its parameters (numerical expressions, time expressions or proper-name). The definition of such parameters (called Named Entities , NE) is linked to the dialogue application. Detecting and extracting such contextual NEs for the How May I Help You? SM(cid:0)TM application is the subject of this study. By detecting NEs with a statistical tagger on 1-best hypotheses and by extracting their values with local models on word-lattices, we show very significant improvements compared to the traditional approach which uses regular expressions on the 1-best hypothesis only.


This paper presents a programmable parallel frequency band decomposition (FBD) ADC which can be used in a software defined radio (SDR) receiver intended for wireless communication standards. The designed parallel ADC architecture is composed of 6 parallel branches based on discrete-time (DT) 4th order ΣΔ modulators using single-bit quantizers. This paper is focused essentially on the digital reconstruction stage of the designed FBD architecture. The FBD architecture with a demodulation-based digital reconstruction is digitally implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) target from Xilinx Inc. The frequency conversions performed in the digital reconstruction stage are ensured by a digital oscillator which is carefully tuned to obtain the required frequencies and phases for demodulation and modulation operations. Technical choices and simulation results are discussed. For UMTS use case, the implemented FBD ADC architecture ensures a computed signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) equal to 74.42 dB.


This article presents an overview of the work undertaken in the frame of the European ATC Harmonization and Integration Programme for the development of performance standards and analysis methods for civil ATC radar systems. The Transport Ministers of European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) states at Paris in April 1990 signed the ECAC en-route (and major terminal areas) strategy for the 1990s. The strategy aims to integrate the 32 ATM systems of the ECAC members to one seamless ATM system. In future a pilot flying over the ECAC area from Norway to Cyprus should not see any difference in the quality of the ATM services.


Written interrogatories may be used effectively in almost every lawsuit. They may be used to particularize and elaborate notice pleadings and to refine and narrow the eventual issues for trial. They may also be used to facilitate subsequent discovery by establishing the identity of those persons whose depositions should be taken and the identity of those documents which should be the subject of a motion to produce or inspect. Interrogatories can also serve very specific functions, such as establishing the extent of a defendant's contacts with a forum for jurisdictional purposes, obtaining information to be used in drafting an amended pleading, verifying known facts, identifying expert witnesses, establishing the dates for a potential statute of limitations defense or obtaining an itemized breakdown of claimed special damages. In complex litigation interrogatories are often the only practical and efficient means of obtaining certain information. For example, although depositions are relatively effective for obtaining spontaneous answers, the information is restricted to the knowledge of the deposed individual. Answers to interrogatories, on the other hand, represent the collective knowledge of the opponent and his attorneys and agents.' Moreover, the answering party is required to conduct a reasonable investigation2 if this is necessary in order to formulate an adequate response to the questions. The fact that interrogatories are directed to the collective knowledge of a party and his attorneys and agents is particularly important with respect to lawsuits involving corporations. Interrogatories may be used to obtain a "corporate" response


Presently, there are three general snowmaking technology types for ski industry facilities. Traditional air/water guns can be highly effective, but require considerable quantities of compressed air and have very high operating costs.. Singleand multi-ring fan systems have many advantages in that compressed air use is minimized, but these technologies are costly to install and may not be competitive in all weather conditions. HKD tower systems, representing an enhancement to traditional air/water guns, are more energy efficient, but are costly to operate during certain climatic conditions. In this paper, we will discuss the many factors that govern selection and operation of snowmaking equipment in an effort to improve efficiency and performanceo We discuss in detail the advantages, disadvantages, and climatic conditions that favor each technology, and strategies snowmaking operators can implement to dramatically reduce energy consumption while minimizing investment in new equipment. Also included is an explanation of new automatic control systems that monitor climatic conditions and modify air/water mixtures to enhance energy savings and snow qualityo Approaches to improving compressed air operations that typically requires thousands of connected horsepower are addressed with the focus on optimized compressed air plant operations from equipment, control, and load reduction perspectives0 Finally, we will recommend strategies for improved operation of water pwnping networks that deliver water to various snowmaking system output deviceso


Background : acute kidney injury is frequent in patients admitted to intensive care units. Despite being a potentially reversible phenomenon, high mortality rates are reported. Objective : to characterize clinical and epidemiological variables in patients with acute kidney injury admitted to the intensive care unit of the "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" of the province of Las Tunas, from January to June 2020. Methods : an analytical, retrospective, case-control study was carried out with 60 patients older than 18 years with acute kidney injury, at the aforementioned institution and during the period herein declared. Two groups of 30 patients each were formed, according to vital status at ten days. The following variables were studied: age and sex, personal medical history, development of sepsis during admission, creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate and urea. Results : the mean age was 52,57 ± 15,03 years and 68,33 % were male. There were differences between both groups in terms of previous chronic kidney disease and sepsis, as well as in creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and urea, always worse in the deceased. The prerrenal cause predominated (71,67 %). The highest incidence of deaths occurred at the third and eighth days of follow-up. Conclusions : patients with acute kidney injury were characterized in an intensive care unit. Previous chronic kidney disease, sepsis, and creatinine levels were variables with different incidence in the groups studied.


Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is a popular and widely accepted multiple access technique to provide high data rate services in a mobile environment in the area of wireless communications. OFDMA can provide better flexibility in allocating the radio spectra by utilizing subcarrier allocations, scheduling, and energy control to obtain multi-dimension diversity gains. Due to its resource allocation flexibility, OFDMA has been widely used as a green air interface technology for the emerging broadband wireless access networks. This paper extensively addresses the integration of green OFDMA to the future air interface technologies, for instance:two-tier cellular, multi radio access technologies (RATs), FemtoCell, and relay networks. The main focus of the paper is to review and analyze the current OFDMA techniques to address the green resource allocation in multiuser diversity, where the critical constraints are the computational complexity, energy efficiency, and the sub-channel assignment. The future trend of OFDMA based networks will aim to maximize the energy efficiency of the exclusive channel assignment through a joint sub-channel and power allocation to accommodate high data traffic networks specially the relay based 5G cellular networks.


This paper has systematically summarized the present situation of study and application of compound materials consisting of nanometer sized TiO_2 and natural minerals and emphatically introduced types of minerals carrying nanometer sized TiO_2 and the environmental applications of the compound material.Four types of minerals including oxides,sheet silicates, framework silicates and diatomite have been discussed.The sheet silicates have been especially discussed.The compound material consisting of nanometer sized TiO_2 and natural minerals is mainly applied for degrading organic pollutants(such as organic dye,phenol,methyl orange,methylene blue,2-chlorphenol,DDVP,HCH,DDT,DDE,DDD,trans-and cis-chlordane etc.) to unharmful and intoxic small molecule compounds(such as carbon dioxide and water) without secondary pollution.The degradation effect of the compound material consisting of nanometer sized TiO_2 and natural minerals is better than that of the TiO_2 itself.Thus,this compound material has very good potential for environmental application.


Of the many conglomerate studies to date, some have dealt with the risk-return performance of conglomerates in the context of the capital asset pricing model [2,7,10,14], others have considered the motives for the formation of conglomerates [4,5,6,13], and still others have examined the operating characteristics of conglomerates [9,12,15]. Within the last group, Weston and Mansinghka [15, p. 928] argued that the primary motivation for conglomerate formation is defensive diversification, "…defined as diversification to avoid adverse effects on profitability from developments taking place in the firm's traditional product market areas." Another motivation is provided by Levy and Sarnat [4] and Lewellen [5] who demonstrated that the only economic gain from a purely conglomerate merger may be the increased debt capacity resulting from the combination of entities having imperfectly correlated earnings streams.


ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and water use efficiency of crop rotations under conventional system (CTS) and no-tillage system (NTS) through two experiments conducted in the Semiarid region of the northern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Experiment 1 consisted of a grain corn-common bean rotation, and experiment 2 consisted of a sorghum-sweet corn rotation. The treatments, in both experiments, consisted of two tillage systems (CTS and NTS) arranged in strip-plots, in two crop years, with ten replications. Yield and production components of all crops and water use efficiency (WUE) of crops grown in the autumn-winter seasons were evaluated within each crop rotation. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, the means were subjected to the F test at 5% significance level. The results obtained showed that the NTS increases corn yield in 21.45% in the grain corn-common bean rotation; however, the common bean yield present no difference between tillage systems. NTS increases the sorghum fresh and dry matter yields in 39.65% and 84.26%, respectively, in the sorghum- sweet corn rotation, and the sweet corn total and commercial ear yield in 11.99% and 21.80%, respectively. The NTS increases the WUE of crops grown in the autumn-winter season, in both crop rotations.


The polymake software system deals with convex polytopes and related objects from geometric combinatorics. This note reports on a new implementation of a subclass for lattice polytopes. The features displayed are enabled by recent changes to the polymake core, which will be discussed briefly.


Agricultural practices greatly influence the bioavailability of heavy metals. Arsenic (As) is a heavy metal identified as a concern due to its potential impact on human health. Two-year field experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of cropping system on As accumulation in tomato, sweet pepper and zucchini. The treatments were: (i) conventional system based on common practices of the area; and (ii) alternative systems based on cultivation of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) in no-tillage before vegetable crops. Randomized block design with three replications was adopted. Soil and plant samples (fruits, leaves, stems and roots) were collected at crop harvesting. Plant samples were weighed and analyzed to evaluate As content. Soil chemical analyses were performed to evaluate the total organic carbon and nitrogen content. The As accumulation observed in plant samples of tomato, sweet pepper and zucchini resulted always low in the alternative system, except in fruits where As accumulation was similar between the systems. The increase of soil organic matter observed in alternative system probably caused a reduction of As accumulation into crop tissues. Therefore, hairy vetch cultivation in no-tillage could be a suitable strategy to reduce the As uptake of vegetable crops in geogenic contaminated soils.


Elastic moduli of unidirectional and continuous carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) were analyzed theoretically, taking into account the anisotropic elastic property of the carbon fiber. This analysis is based upon the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method12) and a kind of smearing-out method proposed by the authors.17) The solution procedure was formulated and specified, so that it could be easily applied to the stress analysis of the CFRP laminates. The procedure was applied to the investigation of the effective elastic moduli of unidirectional CFRP. And it was shown that the longitudinal Young's modulus ELc and Poisson's ratio vTLc (vTLc is the Poisson's ratio when tensile stress is applied in the longitudinal direction only) were almost proportional to the volume fraction of fibers (vf), and the simple rule of mixture with respect to ELc and vTLc is available. The shear modulus GTLc depends only on GTLf, provided that the shear modulus of the matrix Gm=Em/2(1+vm) and vf are constant. However GTLc is affected more seriously by the variation of Em than that of GTLf Transverse Young's modulus ETc increases considerably with the increase of ETf and decreases slightly with the increase of vTTf vTTc increases with the increase of vTTf and increases slightly with the increase of ETf. The suffix c, f, m (of the symbols E, v. G) denote composite, fiber and matrix, respectively. Numerical results were also compared with the experimental data reported by Ishikawa et al.11) and the anisotropic elastic modulus of the carbon fiber TORAYCA T300 was estimated.


[1] Conflicting interpretations of the spring ozone maximum observed at Bermuda (32°N, 65°W) have fueled the debate on stratospheric influence versus tropospheric production as sources of tropospheric ozone. We use a global three-dimensional (3-D) model of tropospheric ozone-NO x -hydrocarbon chemistry driven by assimilated meteorological observations to reconcile these past interpretations. The model reproduces the observed seasonal cycle of surface ozone at Bermuda and captures the springtime day-to-day variability (r = 0.82, n = 122, p < 0.001) driven by high-ozone events. We find that transport of North American pollution behind cold fronts is the principal contributor to springtime surface ozone at Bermuda and is responsible for all the high-ozone events. The model reproduces the observed positive correlations of surface ozone with 7 Be and 210 Pb at Bermuda; the correlation with 7 Be reflects the strong subsidence behind cold fronts, resulting in the mixing of middle-tropospheric air with continental outflow in the air arriving at Bermuda, as indicated by the positive 7 Be- 210 Pb correlation. This mixing appears to have been an obfuscating factor in past interpretations of subsiding back-trajectories at Bermuda as evidence for a stratospheric or upper tropospheric origin for ozone. Isentropic back-trajectories computed in our model reproduce the previously reported subsidence associated with high-ozone events. Even in the free troposphere, we find that the stratosphere contributes less than 5 ppbv (<10%) to spring ozone over Bermuda. Positive O 3 - 7 Be and negative O 3 - 210 Pb correlations observed at Tenerife (28°N, 16°W, 2.4 km) in summer are reproduced by the model and are consistent with a middle-tropospheric source of ozone, not an upper tropospheric or stratospheric source as previously suggested. A regional budget for the North Atlantic in spring indicates that the stratosphere contributes less than 10 ppbv ozone (<5%) below 500 hPa, while the lower troposphere contributes 20-40 ppbv ozone throughout the troposphere.


Based on the pile-soil displacement coordination,and the definition of effective length of single deformable pile,by improving the Alamgir displacement mode which was brought forward by LI Hai-fang,the load transfer law of deformable piles was analyzed when the maximum skin friction on piles is on the top of the pile.New formulas for axial stress,skin friction and effective pile length were proposed.The calculation result shows that the distribution of the axial stress and skin friction on pile is in accordance with the test result.The maximum values of axial stress and skin friction are located on the top of the pile.The theoretical value of effective length of pile agrees well with the test result,and is a bit greater than the value advised by DUAN Ji-wei.


The bacteriophage P1 Cre/loxP site‐specific recombination system is a useful tool for engineering chromosomal changes in animal cells. Transient expression of the Cre recombinase gene directly introduced into fertilized eggs by pronuclear injection has been reported to provide an efficient method of transgene modulation in fertilized eggs. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of this method to remove loxP‐flanked DNA sequences in a gene‐targeted locus in fertilized eggs. We replaced a part of the T‐cell receptor γ (TCR Vγ) locus with homologous sequences containing a loxP‐flanked neogene in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by gene‐targeting technique. The resulting ES cell clones containing the mutant allele (VγLNL) were used to generate chimeric mice by blastocyst injection. Eight male chimeras were bred with superovulated wild‐type female mice. One hundred and seventy‐six fertilized eggs were collected, and subjected to pronuclear injection of the Cre expression plasmid, pCAGGS‐Cre, of a covalently closed circular form. Three out of 11 pups inherited the targeted Vγ locus. The inherited targeted allele of these 3 mice was shown to have undergone Cre‐mediated recombination, resulting in a deletion of the loxP‐flanked sequences (VγΔ) as shown by Southern blot analysis of DNA from tail biopsies. All 3 founder mutant mice were capable of transmitting the VγΔ locus to their offspring. The other 8 pups carried only wild‐type alleles. There were no pups carrying the unrecombined VγLNL locus. Thus, the frequency of Cre‐mediated recombination was 100% (3/3) with this method. In contrast, when closed circular pCAGGS‐Cre plasmid was introduced into ES cells by electroporation, the recombination frequency of the VγLNL locus was 9.6%. These results indicated that our system based on transient expression of the Cre recombinase gene directly introduced into fertilized eggs by pronuclear injection provides a fast and efficient method for generating mutant mice with desired deletions or translocations in target genes. Mol Reprod Dev 46:109–113, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This dissertation describes model reduction techniques for the computation of aerodynamic heat flux and pressure loads for multi-disciplinary analysis of hypersonic vehicles. NASA and the Department of Defense have expressed renewed interest in the development of responsive, reusable hypersonic cruise vehicles capable of sustained high-speed flight and access to space. However, an extensive set of technical challenges have obstructed the development of such vehicles. These technical challenges are partially due to both the inability to accurately test scaled vehicles in wind tunnels and to the time intensive nature of high-fidelity computational modeling, particularly for the fluid using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The aim of this dissertation is to develop efficient and accurate models for the aerodynamic heat flux and pressure loads to replace the need for computationally expensive, high-fidelity CFD during coupled analysis. Furthermore, aerodynamic heating and pressure loads are systematically evaluated for a number of different operating conditions, including: simple two-dimensional flow over flat surfaces up to three-dimensional flows over deformed surfaces with shock-shock interac-


The conceptual view model of output is based on the complete separation of the output specification of a program from the program itself, and the use of implicit synchronization to allow the data state of the program to be continuously mapped to a display view. An output specification language called GVL is used to specify the mapping from the program's data state to the display. GVL is a functional language explicitly designed for specifying output. Building from a small number of basic primitives, it provides sufficient power to describe complex graphical output. Examples, including GVL specifications for linked list diagrams, bar charts and an address card file, are given. In keeping with its intended application, GVL is also a graphical language, in which the user draws output specifications directly on the display. How problems often associated with imperative graphical languages are avoided by using the functional paradigm is shown. A prototype implementation of GVL was used to produce examples of graphical output.<<ETX>>


The North Fiji Basin is a complex back‐arc system situated between the opposite‐verging Tonga and New Hebrides subduction zones. On the basis of two independent calculations, we find that the back‐arc region is anomalously high with topography residuals reaching up to 2000 m above what should be isostatically supported. Our study aims to test whether a hot buoyant upwelling is required beneath the North Fiji Basin to support the observed high elevation. The mantle thermal structure beneath the North Fiji Basin is inferred from the global tomographic model S20RTS, where seismic velocity anomalies are converted to density/temperature anomalies. This thermal structure is input into a three‐dimensional mantle convection code, CitcomS, and the flow‐induced surface topography is calculated and compared with the observed anomalous topography. In a series of experiments, we eliminate various portions of the mantle structure to consider what type of mantle flow can support the anomalous topography. The experiments suggest that the observed topography in the North Fiji Basin is consistent with the support of hot buoyant upper mantle upwelling, and specifically rising material in the depth range from 70 to 120 km is the most critical component. A relatively thin/weak lithosphere is required to produce the high‐amplitude and short‐wavelength topography residuals, and the presence of discrete breaks in the plate produces further localization of flow‐induced topography.


of cults, religion from the emperor to religion and the army, Mithraism and the eastern cults; the domestic practice; two Severan of and days of pagan Roman Britain'. Images of Change' particularly impressed. She traces the dialectic of the Eclogues across the ages with especial reference to the portrayal of Meliboeus and Tityrus: Nos patriam fugimus: tu, Tityre, lentus in umbra.... Scholarly commentary, painterly history, and a precise grasp of the social and political context in which editions, translations, and imitations of the Eclogues appeared are interwoven in an essay which is learned, judicious, exciting, and a model of concision.


Under conditions of the contemporary "Knowledge economy" human resources become more and more important for the successful development of the business organization. In the present article there is drawn the nature of strategic human resource management. There are presented in a generalized form the results of empirical studies of the interrelation between human re source management in the business organization and the results of its activity. There are generalized the peculiarities of the main approaches to strategic human resource management: the universal, adaptive, configurational, contextual and integrative approach.


Cubilin is a 460-kd multiligand hydrophobic protein that binds to intrinsic factor cobalamin (Cbl-IF) with a high affinity and that is expressed in both kidney and ileal epithelial cells. Based on this observation, it has been speculated that cubilin and intrinsic factor cobalamin receptor (IFCR)


In this paper, the potential of a real code genetic algorithms (GAs) for radio resource management scheme for use in high altitude platform station (HAPS) networks is proposed. An analytical model of the mobility management task is derived from the cell dimension that is formed by the antenna beams of the HAPS and user's location. As an example of the scheme, a simulation is proposed where the traffic load in each spot beam/cell of the HAPS is estimated in Erlangs for each area as a function of time. Simulations are provided to examine the QoS performance of the system. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed model outperforms conventional schemes in terms of call blocking and call dropping probability.


In this report one-sided and two-sided non-parametric prediction limits which are based on the smallest and/or largest ordered observations are derived. Tables which give the probabilities associated with various sample sizes are presented...


Explaining structurism, late modernism and studies on explanation are three ideological trends in ideological forums which are closely associated with one another and interacts and promotes one another. Explaining structurism originates from studies on explanation. Explaining structurism and studies on explanation are the precondition and guiding ideology of the late modernism whileas the late modernism promotes the development of explaining structurism and studies on explanation. Current works on explaining structurism and studies on explanation without exception belong to the late modernism.


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This paper describes the focusing horn system for the proposed very long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using a neutrino beam from BNL to an underground facility such as the Homestake Mine in South Dakota. The proposed experiment uses a 1 MW upgraded AGS. In order to achieve this performance the AGS will operate with a cycle time of 2.5 Hz and 8.9 x 10{sup 13} protons on target at 28 GeV. This paper discusses the design criteria of a horn system necessary to handle this intense beam and the optical geometry to achieve the desired flux distribution at the detector.


Two complete exchange algorithms for meshes are given. The modified quadrant exchange algorithm is based on the quadrant exchange algorithm and it is well suited for square meshes with a power of two rows and columns. The store-and-forward complete exchange algorithm is suitable for meshes of arbitrary size. A pipelined broadcast algorithm for meshes is also presented. This new algorithm, called the double hop broadcast, can broadcast long messages at slightly lower cost than the edge-disjoint fence algorithm because it uses routing trees of lower height. This shows that there is still room for improvement in the design of pipelined broadcast algorithms for meshes.<<ETX>>


index have been known to metastasize. This has prompted the development of guidelines for defining risk of aggressive behavior rather than classifying lesions as either benign or malignant [10] . These guidelines, which were developed during a NIH consensus conference in 2001, are based on the idea that all GISTs have some potential for aggressive clinical behavior. Other pathological features of GISTs, in addition to mitotic index and tumor size, such as cellularity, mucosal invasion and ulceration, were also evaluated for prognostic significance, but have not gained wide acceptance [11] . Kit mutation status has also been evaluated in terms of prognosis. However, since approximately 90% of GISTs contain either Kit or PDGFR  mutations, the presence or absence of a mutation does not, by itself, distinguish between benign and malignant GISTs [12, 13] . Preliminary studies indicate that accumulation of secondary cytogenetic abnormalities/ molecular alterations [12] , Ki-67 proliferative index and telomerase activity are associated with clinically aggressive behavior [14] . Aberration of the cell cycle regulators is a frequent finding and may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of GIST. Indeed, malignant GISTs are more likely to be associated with a positive E2F1 and p53 phenotype and a negative p16 and p27 kip1 phenotype [15– 17] . For p27 kip1 , a member of the Cip/Kip family, a tumor suppressor role was demonstrated in mice, and a decrease or loss of the p27 kip1 protein was found to be a predictor of poor prognosis in many human cancers, including gasGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) comprise the largest subset of mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. It has been suggested that these tumors originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal or from their stem celllike precursors [1] . Most GISTs have an activating mutation in the c-kit protooncogene that leads to constitutive expression of Kit protein, a tyrosine kinase specific to the stem cell factor [2] . Therefore, in the context of appropriate morphology, these tumors are best defined by Kit (CD-117)-positive immunostaining. Recently, an activating mutation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR ) was identified to comprise 5% of GISTs [3, 4] . GISTs have a wide range of biological behaviors, including benign, borderline and malignant variants. Approximately 20–25% of gastric and 40–50% of small intestinal GISTs are clinically malignant [5] . The treatment of GIST is complete excision when possible, and treatment with Kit/PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, when the tumor is unresectable or in the metastatic setting. The majority of patients can achieve complete or partial remission. Long-term success is limited by the development of imatinib resistance, usually based on secondary mutations in the Kit or PDGFR  tyrosine kinase domains [6, 7] . The most widely examined criteria for evaluating biologic potential of GISTs are tumor size and mitotic activity [8, 9] . Unfortunately, these indices do not guarantee a benign clinical course, as small GISTs with a low mitotic Published online: March 30, 2007


This article proposed project risk management model based on different project phases with emphasis on construction and installation phases and considering risk management in powerhouse projects. Accordingly, a case study on Manjil Wind Farm was conducted to firstly detect the most important risks of construction and installation phases in this project, considering different potential risks that identified and then, to propose the risk management model to evaluate the effect size, the possibility of diagnosis and risk incidence, and their impact on the main objectives of this project which are time, quality, expenses and security. Moreover, a model was proposed to prioritize the detected risks in this project based on group opinions and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and the following results were gathered. After determining the detected risks priorities, react or response programs to critical and important risks were provided and the consequence of react or revision actions in risk management program were recorded with offering some comments. Review History: Received: 3 December 2016 Revised: 6 June 2017 Accepted: 16 July 2017 Available Online: 3 October 2017


The next generation of spacecraft structures are being made significantly smaller while still maintaininglincreasing the tasks and functions of the particular missions. For missions planned to explore the distant portion of the solar system the operating temperatures are expected to be as low as 150K. This extremely low temperature introduces significant problems for solid-state electro-mechanical devices. Actuation devices, that can be considered for operation on such spacecraft, are required to provide high actuation accuracy, reliability, stability, light weight, small size, and to consume low power. The required functions of the devices include linear and rotation articulation and manipulation capabilities. JPL and UCLA are currently involved in developing such actuation device for the mosaicing mirror of the Pluto-Fast-Flyby (PFF) mission. The articulation of the PFF mosaic mirror requires a set of linear motors capable of operating at room and cryogenic temperatures. A commercially available motor is being examined analytically to determine its performance over the expected PFF operating temperature range. The linear motor is modeled as a series of cylinders sequentially clamping and traveling over a shaft and its thermal electro-mechanical behavior is analyzed. The cylinders are assumed to be an elastic ensemble of active arid passive elements with the active materials poled in the radial direction and the material have temperature dependent properties. The closed form solution satisfies elasticity and Maxwell's equations and these parametric study demonstrate the feasibility of designing a thermally stable linear motor. Results suggest that present design limitations at low temperatures are attributed to mismatches in the materials' coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and a reduction in the piezoelectric response, The changes in these parameters, particularly the CTE, are the driving mechanisms rendering the motor inoperable at low temperatures. Our parametric study also seems to suggest that the motor low temperature limitations can be overcome by appropriate design modifications. * Section 355, JPL, Caltech, Pasadena, CA ** MANE Dept. UCLA, Los Angeles, CA


The problem of stability of the polymer rod in creeping was solved by energy method in the form of Timoshenko and Ritz. Possible displacements of the points were given in the form of a trigonometric series with undetermined coefficients. Results obtained numerically using complex Matlab under different constraint equations between creep deformations and stresses. There are shown the necessity of taking into account the "junior" component of high-elastic deformation by using the Maxwell-Gurevich equation.


rolled in training for agricultural education, home economics, educational psychology (including the study of guidance and counseling, testing, test construction, statistics, child development and other psychological study of learning), educational administration, industrial and vocational education, teacher education, rural education, construction of educational materials, elementary education (including the teaching of English as a second language), secondary education, education of the handicapped, physical education of men and women, audiovisual aids, and yet other programs within the field of professional preparation of specialists in education.'


Objective To compare the neuromuscular block effect and side effect of rocuronium,succinylcholoine,vecuronium and tracrium in rapid endotracheal intubation.Methods Eighty adult patients were equally divided into four groups depending on administering double ED95 dose of different musle relaxants: group I rocuronium;group Ⅱ succinylcholoine;group Ⅲ vecuronium and group Ⅳ tracrium.To observe their neuromuscular block effect and side effect.Results The onset time of rocuronium were closed to succinylcholoine without bronchospasm and skin eruption and the hemodynamic changes were unobvious.Conclusion Rocuronium is quicker in onset without cardiovascular side effects and suitable choice of relaxants for rapid endotracheal intubation


The paper presents the principles of treatment of pain syndrome in the practice of traumatologist. Determining the nature of pain, the individual characteristics of each clinical case, the use of multimodal treatment principles are the modern tactics and provide good results in most cases.


The quest for solid-state materials with tailored chemical and physical features stimulates the search for general prescriptions to recognize and forecast their electronic structures providing valuable information about the experimentally determined bulk properties at the atomic scale. Although the concepts first introduced by Zintl and Hume–Rothery help to understand and forecast the bonding motifs in several intermetallic compounds, there is an emerging group of compounds dubbed as polar intermetallic phases whose electronic structures cannot be categorized by the aforementioned conceptions. These polar intermetallic compounds can be divided into two categories based on the building units in their crystal structures and the expected charge distributions between their components. On the one hand, there are polar intermetallic compounds composed of polycationic clusters surrounded by anionic ligands, while, on the other hand, the crystal structures of other polar intermetallic compounds comprise polyanionic units combined with monoatomic cations. In this review, we present the quantum chemical techniques to gain access to the electronic structures of polar intermetallic compounds, evaluate certain trends from a survey of the electronic structures of diverse polar intermetallic compounds, and show options based on quantum chemical approaches to predict the properties of such materials.


Abstract Lemur leaf frogs (Hylomantis lemur) positive for Rhabdias sp. were treated topically with technical grade (6 or 60 mg/kg) or commercial selamectin (Revolution®, 6 mg/kg) dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. Frogs were treated weekly for three treatments. Feces were examined over 21 days for the presence or absence of Rhabdias sp., with the infection data analyzed by log linear analysis. Topical selamectin was not efficacious in the control of Rhabdias sp. in this species of frog.


We report a narrow mode linewidth (~60 kHz) of 750-MHz-spaced Yb:fiber frequency comb and full phase stabilization by f-to-2f interferometer and locking to Er:fiber comb with CW laser. Preliminary further narrowing relative linewidth is demonstrated.


Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (N-Ag) can be detected in the blood of patients with Covid-19. We used a highly sensitive and specific assay to explore the presence of N-Ag in urine during the course of Covid-19, and explore its relationship with the severity of the disease. Methods We studied urine and blood N-Ag using highly sensitive immunoassay in 82 patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection proven by PCR. Results In the first and second weeks of Covid-19, hospitalized patients tested positive for urinary N-Ag (81.25% and 71.79%, respectively), and blood N-Ag (93.75% and 94.87%, respectively). High urinary N-Ag levels were associated with the absence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies, admission in intensive care units, high C-reactive protein levels, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and high lactate dehydrogenase. A higher accuracy was observed for urine N-Ag as a predictor of severe Covid-19 compared to blood N-Ag. Conclusions Our study demonstrate that N-Ag is present in the urine of patients hospitalized in the early phase of Covid-19. As a direct marker of SARS-CoV-2, urinary N-Ag reflects the dissemination of viral compounds in the body. Urine N-Ag may be a useful marker for disease severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections.


The Red Cross movement, which has now entered its second century of existence, is passing through a most intensive period of transition and development such as the world has not seen in so short a time, with the exception of the first few years following the foundation of Europe itself. In every sphere, the African continent which is in full development, is of great topical interest. This also applies to the Red Cross. There particularly striking figures in fact show how much progress it has made in a few years. Whilst in 1948 there were only three Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in existence on that continent, today there are twenty-two recognized on the international level with a further dozen which have been founded more recently or are in the process of foundation. This demonstrates the important position held by the Red Cross in Africa where both possibilities and needs are immense and where it is evident that its aid as the traditional auxiliary of the public Powers is indispensable to its populations. It is not difficult to imagine all the problems which can be raised for the leaders of a newly formed National Society in a country of any continent which has recently become independent, lacking in resources and qualified personnel, where multiple tasks have to be carried out by a small number of people of good will, the immensity of the work to be accomplished with the scant resources available, not counting obstacles which can be encountered through hereditary beliefs, the vast distances and also rudimentary means of communication.


Video-on-Demand (VoD) streaming services have already acquired high popularity, which places hard requirements on Future Internet in terms of server and network bandwidth. Service scalability becomes then a crucial issue for which the server replication is the commonly used solution. However, this technique brings new challenges such as the server placement or the server selection. This paper presents an enhanced service oriented architecture with a new Home-Box layer that aims to provide a platform for efficient VoD streaming service. A popularity-based video contents placement in Home-Boxes and a two-steps end-users' requests redirection are also proposed and evaluated through simulation. The results confirm the promising aspects that motivate the considering of the Home-Box node in the video delivery chain.


The term Information Technology usually puts a picture in our mind of society's application of the high end computing knowledge to solve the practical problems almost all the fields. Technological Innovation or the application of technology takes many forms across multiple industry verticals. The highly growing "IT Trend" Per se Virtualization is a concept has revolutionized the way the companies access their software applications, recent trends in this concept is allowing businesses to eliminate entire server farms and give a lot of way to the cost cutting of the company also making the IT infrastructure more economical and flexible, server virtualization has given root to use this tech for almost all the other IT initiatives. Usage of the term "Virtualization" will not restrict only for one particular field of Technology as in servers, the application in limitless.


In the parliamentary elections that took place in April of 2011, the True Finns (PS) 1 scored a surprising electoral result when it captured 19.1 percent of the vote, which increased the party's parliamentary seats from 5 to 39. The media in Finland referred to the party as the winner of the election, despite the fact that it actually finished third behind the National Coalition (Kok) and Social Democratic (SDP) parties. I knew the True Finns for its anti-immigration and anti-EU stances, but did not know much about its history, sources of electoral support, or internal divisions. Neither did I have a clear read on how to locate it vis-` a-vis any number of other right-wing populist parties in Europe. Thus, in the days after the election I contacted several people to ask for their impressions and to request that they help me better understand the discussions that were underway about whether or not to attempt to bring the party into a coalition government. There were several themes that emerged out of those conversations. The first is that the True Finns is a classic example of a populist party. Not only does it have a prior historical referent in Veikko Vennamo's Finnish Rural Party (SMP) that existed from the 1970s until the mid-1990s, but the leader of the True Finns, Timo Soini, was an active member of that party and no doubt had in mind creating a party that would, in e ect, be the heir to that legacy—but confronting a somewhat di erent set of challenges, particularly those that have arisen in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Union, Finland's entry into the EU, its embrace of the euro, and the shift from being a nation of emigration to one characterized by modest but rising levels of immigration. Second, some members have leftist backgrounds, with connections to the industrial working class. This may account in part for the party's support of the welfare state, making them di er from right-wing parties in many countries. Third, the True Finns are proponents of traditional or conservative values, particularly regarding the family and religion. In terms of the former, a main issue of concern revolves around same sex marriage. Regarding religion, I was told that some of the party's leaders have been active in the Lutheran church at the parish level, where they seek a return to what they construe as the pure doctrines of the church that they believe have been un


A tapping-mode near-field scanning optical microscope system with a bent optical fiber probe has been successfully developed to deliver the optical energy to the surface of cyanine dye layer of a commercial compact disk-recordable. The interference and damage result from the force-sensing laser beam can be avoided by using a bent fiber probe. Results of our optical writing showed the size of writing bits can be <40 nm. The estimated writing density may be 400 times higher than available commercially. We have also found the heating of metal coating at the end of fiber probe can perform thermal writing. Atomic force microscope images showed the raised edge of writing bits caused by this thermal writing effect. For the pure optical writing, we found the depth of writing bits should be controlled in a range less than the probe height maintained by the feedback electronics.


To propose an effective optimization-based model updating and damage detection method, not only a damage-sensitive cost function is required, but also a strong and stable optimization algorithm should be employed. This paper is aimed at presenting a method in which both the mentioned challenges are considered for damage identification in cable-stayed bridges. For this purpose, the damage detection problem is formulated as a modal flexibility-based model updating approach and it is solved utilizing Democratic Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) algorithm. DPSO is a modified version of the standard PSO algorithm, which is developed for presenting a tackle the drawbacks of the original PSO algorithm in terms of increasing the algorithm's speed as well as decreasing the premature convergence rate. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by studying different damage patterns on the numerical model of a cablestayed bridge. Almost all the obtained results indicate the good performance of the proposed method for the damage localization and quantification of the cable-stayed bridge using only the first several modes' data.


It is a convenient way to produce strong shock waves (SSWs) with fast front by using underwater electrical wire explosion (UEWE). Or accurately saying, UEWE transfers electrical energy to mechanical energy directly. Thus the relationships between circuit parameters and shock wave characteristics are worth to be investigated. Establishing equipment with variable circuit parameters is helpful to research SSWs' characteristics, which is the main purpose of this paper.


This research focuses on physical modifications to housing real estate following a period of development in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The scope of this study encompassed project and dwelling unit scale and analysis of these physical modifications. The study was conducted in three phases; first, a chronological study of housing real estate development according to political, economic, and regulatory factors including the National Economic and Social development plan was performed. The housing real estate development timeline was divided into seven discrete periods from 1957 to 2015. In 1967, the government sector initiated the first housing development project by selling land and dwelling units that became a prototype of housing development for the private sector. The second phase entailed study area selection; areas were screened for average number of dwelling units per year and were selected for those with continued growth across periods. The district selected for physical modification study was the Prawet district, with 16 housing projects therein chosen for analysis. The third phase comprised of analysis the physical elements of the research study area. The study found that the location of new housing projects over this time has shifted from middle-Bangkok to more outer areas. The ratio between common and residential areas by project was approximately 30:70. Physical modifications to dwellings revealed four common types; roof extension, space extension, side extension, or extensions for other purposes. A steady increase in unit width was revealed as well. In conclusion, housing developments have been modified by residents according to their daily needs. Developers should take note of these changes to support a better quality of life for residents in the future.


There are three main reasons that Hitter opposed Jews as follows:In ideology,Hitler is a racialist,he held the idea that Germanic peoples were the only first-rate raceJews was scum,so should be annihilatedIn politics,Hitler opposed Democratism,Marxism and Revolution of Proletariate,furthermore,he stigmatize them as the Jew's theoriesIn the economy,he stigmatized Jew exploited Germans,therefore,Germany should be Aryanized,so should annihilate Jews and gain their fortune


From the studying of Worstward Ho (1983), one of the last texts written by Samuel Beckett (1906-1989), this article intends to investigate how the Irish writer's universe is shaped in order to attain his declared "literature of the unword". This work is known as one of the writer's most radical experiences in the field of prose.


The problems of higher-education in Spanish intellectuals' writings and in Francisco Ayala's novel Muertes de perro Sub Title 大学教育の課題について : スペイン知識人の論考とフランシスコ・アヤラの小説『犬死』 Author 丸田, 千花子(Maruta, Chikako) Publisher 慶應義塾大学日吉紀要刊行委員会 Publication year 2019 Jtitle 慶應義塾大学日吉紀要. 人文科学 (The Hiyoshi review of the humanities). No.34 (2019. ) ,p.213232 Abstract Notes Genre Departmental Bulletin Paper URL http://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=AN10065043-20190630 -0213


The purpose of this study is to prepare Mouth dissolving tablets of Cinnarizine HCl and Domperidone Maleate by Direct compression method. In the present research study, Crosspovidone (CP) and Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) was taken as super disintegrant. Here the Cinnarizine HCl (H1 anti-histaminics) and Domperidone (anti-emetic) is taken as the model drug for the study and direct compression as a method for preparation of the Mouth Dissolving Tablet. These combination of drugs are ideal for the prevention of symptoms caused by vestibular disorders and vertigo/motion sickness, nausea, dizziness, headache, vomiting, sensation of fullness when there is a delay in gastric emptying. A 3 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combine effect of two formulation variable CP(X1) and SSG(X2). Here the concentration of both Superdisintegrants was taken as independent variable, X1 and X2 respectively. I.R. and DSC study revealed that all polymers and excipients used were compatible with the drugs. All the pre and post-compression evaluation parameters shows good results and all batches are within acceptable limits. Mouths feel test gives pleasant sensation on human subjects when tablets are put it on tongue. The effect of Disintegration time (Y1) and % Drug release (Y2) were investigated as dependent parameters. From optimization data results that, among all the formulation F6 Batch was best formulation. The optimized batch obtained from the factorial design was compared with the marketed products. The stability study of the optimized batch is also done at 40oC and 75%RH.


The article provides an analysis of existing separators for raw cotton. Their disadvantages are described. The design scheme and the principle of operation of the separator with side grids of the air duct with curved conical holes are presented. The results of theoretical studies to determine the strength of Stripping and justification of the system parameters. The results of comparative production tests of the recommended separator design for fibrous materials are presented.


Objective: To assess the potential contribution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the leukocyte‐endothelial cell adhesion and increased microvascular permeability (to fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]‐albumin) observed in rat mesenteric venules exposed to platelet‐activating factor (PAF).


Samuel Clemens, better known as Mark Twain, was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, less than six weeks after Samuel Colt obtained the English patent for his first revolver. In time, Twain's innovative use of language would drastically revise the face of American fiction, just as Colt's invention had already moved the world of weaponry a great step forward. Previous pistols had fired only twice before they needed to be reloaded; Colt's five-shot revolver minimized reloading time and therefore offered a significant advantage in life or death situations. A six-shot adaptation quickly followed, winning Colt a government contract during the Mexican War, which enabled him to buy building land in Hartford, Connecticut, where Twain would one day choose to live. (1) There, Colt planned to build "the largest and most perfectly organized armory in the world," and by 1856 his company "was producing 150 weapons a day." Soon he was "one of the ten wealthiest businessmen in the US." (2) Colt died prematurely at the age of forty-seven, nine years before Twain moved to Hartford. The two men never met, but several of Twain's texts suggest Colt's legacy was often on his mind, and indeed may hold the key to one of the most elusive of his works. Twain first visited Hartford in 1868 and was clearly impressed with what he saw. In a letter to the Alia California he wrote: I think this is the best built and handsomest town I have ever seen.... They have the broadest, straightest streets in Hartford, that ever led a sinner to destruction, and the dwelling houses are the amplest in size, and the shapeliest, and have the most capacious ornamental grounds about them.... This is the centre [sic] of Connecticut wealth. Hartford dollars have a place in half the great moneyed enterprises of the union. His letter goes on to describe Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company--by that time, prospering in the hands of Colt's widow--as the "greatest" industry in Hartford and a veritable "Hartford institution." The "birthplace of six-shooters" was, he claimed, of particular interest "because [he] had seen so many graceful specimens of their performances in the deadfalls of Washoe and California." (3) At the time of Twain's visit, Colt's factory was manufacturing and further developing the Gaffing gun, which had been adopted by the US government two years earlier. (4) Twain described the weapon as a cluster of six to ten savage tubes that carry great conical pellets of lead, with unerring accuracy, a distance of two and a half miles. It feeds itself with cartridges, and you work it with a crank like a hand organ; you can fire it faster than four men can count. When fired rapidly, the reports blend together like the clattering of a watchman's rattle. It can be discharged four hundred times a minute! I liked it very much, and went on grinding it as long as they could afford cartridges for the amusement--which was not very long. (5) The comic humor of the final sentence is subverted by Twain's pointed reference to running costs, while his choice of "savage" to describe the gun's components and his reference to the weapon "feed[ing] itself" connote something more ominous than mere machinery. Sixteen years later, Twain would recall the weapon's capability as he noted an idea to be included in what would become one of the bloodiest of his books: "Have a battle between a modern army, with gatling guns--(automatic) 600 shots a minute, ... [and] Middle Age Crusaders." (6) Twain moved to Hartford in 1871 declaring his intention to concentrate on writing books, but on July 12, 1872, he wrote to Colt's factory from New Saybrook, Connecticut: Gentlemen: A friend of mine who is connected with an insignificant foreign government, officially, writes me to call upon you & "inquire the cost of a Gattling [sic] gun complete, including duplicates of certain portions necessary (in a country where repairs will be impossible,) & 25,000 rounds of ammunition comprising the different cartridges used. …


Taking the counties as the basic spatial unit, we examine the spatio-temporal dynaimc of rurality in Northeast China by evaluating the rurality indexes quantitatively of the counties in the years of 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012, and then divide the counties into five types such as the weakest rurality, weaker rurality, moderate rurality, stronger rurality and the strongest rurality. Moreover, with the help of Arc GIS and Exploratory Spatial data Analysis method(ESDA), we identify and analyze the "hot spots" and ''cold spots' ' areas of the rurality in different periods, as well as the pattern of spatio-temporal evolution. We find that the rurality indexes of the counties in Northeast China are generally high and tend to decline from 2000 to2012, and the rurality indexes of the counties in the northern part are higher than those of the southern part, which are directly proportional to the distance of its regional central city and takes on the pattern of circularity, that is, the closer to its central city, the smaller the rurality index is. The counties whose rurality indexes are similar tend to be agglomerated, and the counties with low-low or high-high values tend to be strengthened in spatial agglomeration from 2000 to 2012, accompanied by the transformation of the "hot spots" to the northern part and the "cold spots" to the southern part. We also find that national policies, industrial structure, agricultural mechanization, increase of chemical fertilizer, and foreign direct investment are the primary factors affecting rurality and its variation of space structure.


X-ray binaries in the Milky Way are among the brightest objects in the X-ray sky. With the increasing sensitivity of recent missions, it is now possible to study X-ray binaries in nearby galaxies. We present data on six luminous sources in the nearby spiral galaxy M101 obtained with the Chandra ACIS-S. Of these, five appear to be similar to ultraluminous sources in other galaxies, while the brightest source, P098, shows some unique characteristics. We present our interpretation of the data in terms of an optically thick outflow and discuss implications.