The use of Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs) as suitable feed-structures for the Parabolic Dish Reflector antennas that are intended to form a large part of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is currently the topic of conversation in various SKA research groups. The simulation of these structures however, relies on intensive computational resources, which can result in very long simulation runtimes a serious problem for antenna designers. It was the purpose of the research to investigate efficient simulation techniques, based on the Method of Moments (MoM). In this thesis, the reader will be introduced to ways of improving FPA design by using resources such as High Performance Clusters, developing efficient MoM formulations for FPAs such as the Vivaldi antenna array and by developing efficient solution techniques for the resulting MoM equations by using techniques such as the Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM). In addition to the above mentioned methods, the concept of distributed computing is explored as a way to further aid the antenna designer in obtaining desired results in a reasonable time and with sufficient accuracy.


The present paper reports a simple method for measurement of temporal coherence of a laser using holographically generated phase conjugate wavefront employing an iron doped LiNbO3 (0 . 1 ) crystal . In this method one has to see only the presence of a laser point on the screen rather than to observe interference fringes as in Michelson method. 1 .


Hybrid organizations are governed by multiple, possibly contradictory institutional logics, challenging their members on the clarity of organizational goals and consistency of activities. Here we e...


There is no agreement among experts on the classification of injury of o the long head tendon of biceps brachii in the area of its attachment to the shoulder blade. Some authors take the Snyder's classification as basis; others describe it as a separate injury. The authors presented the review of existing classifications of the labrum shoulder injury (so-called SLAP lesions) and traumas of the tendon of the long head biceps.


Since the fall of communism social work has become the fastest-growing profession in Russia. Shortages of resources, capabilities and technology have moved social work rapidly towards professionalization. This microethnographic study examines the status of social work in Russia today.


The invention relates to a device for simulating a cam crank shaft signal phase of a four-travel diesel engine on a pump test bed. A support (1) is connected with the test bed (29); a shaft (2) is arranged on the support (1); a crank shaft phase disk (3) and a bearing (18) are arranged on the shaft (2); a small belt wheel (15) is connected with the crank shaft phase disk (3); a pump (28) is provided with a pump shaft (33); a cam phase disk (5), a coupler (7) and a large belt wheel (16) are arranged on the pump shaft (33); the coupler (7) is connected with the cam phase disk (5), and the large belt wheel (16); the small belt wheel (15) and the large belt wheel (16) are connected through a synchronous belt (4); a test bed main shaft (32) is arranged on the test bed (29); a coupling (8) is arranged on the test bed main shaft (32); and the coupler (7), and the coupling (8) are connected with a drive chuck (6) respectively. The cam crank shaft signal phase of the four-travel diesel engine and the crank shaft rotation speed can be really simulated on the pump test bed, so the software and hardware functions of a system can be controlled conveniently and performance of the system can be debugged conveniently.


As in Thailand, working population is accounted 56 % of total population.  The Ministry of Public Health reported that this population has been facing with not only occupational diseases and injuries, but also the NCDs e.g. high cholesterol etc. The Ministry, therefore, has launched the policy in 2012 to reduce health problems; occupational diseases and injuries, NCDs, and increase happiness through the Healthy, Safety, and Happy Workplace Project. The committee from three main departments has set up the criteria for audits, checklist, and guidelines for workplaces to improve their health, safety, and happiness conditions. This paper is to elaborate process of development of safety guidelines for the project and describe its outcomes. Process of development of the safety guidelines includes; 1) Reviews of related safety regulations; 2) Analysis of contents for workplaces safety conditions improvement e.g. 5s, accident prevention, construction safety, machine and electrical safety, chemical safety, fire protection, PPE control, emergency plans, work conditions monitoring; 3) Synthesis the contents; and 4) Rewriting of new easy understanding guideline for workplaces to follow and improve safety conditions and prompts for audit by health officers. Workplaces would be informed and applied on their voluntary basis. Those passed the audit would be awarded the certificates issued by the Ministry. Since 2012, there were 1500 workplaces applied to this project. The health problems among these workplaces were the NCDs e.g. high blood pressure, high cholesterol from 20-60% through annual health examination. Good safety conditions were found in large enterprises, but quite poor in small enterprises. The safety guidelines was found useful for large and medium enterprises to improve their safety conditions, but for the small and local community enterprises the guidelines was found to be constraints for them and need to be improved for less rigid safety audit/checklist.


A novel boronic acid and carboxyl-modified glucose molecularly imprinted polymer (glucose-MIP) was prepared through suspension polymerization, which is based on 1.0 mmol glucose as a template, 1.2 mmol methacrylamidophenylboronic acid, and 6.8 mmol methacrylic acid as monomers, 19 mmol ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, and 1 mmol methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinkers. The prepared glucose-MIP had a particle size of 25-70 μm, and was thermally stable below 215°C, with a specific surface area of 174.82 m2. g-1 and average pore size of 9.48 nm. The best selectivity between glucose and fructose was 2.71 and the maximum adsorption capacity of glucose-MIP was up to 236.32 mg. g-1 which was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model. The similar adsorption abilities in 6 successive runs and the good desorption rate (99.4%) verified glucose-MIP could be reused. It was successfully used for extracting glucose from cellulose hydrolysis. The adsorption amount of glucose was 2.61 mg. mL-1 and selectivity between glucose and xylose reached 4.12. A newly established chromatography (glucose-MIP) mediated hollow fiber membrane method in time separated pure glucose from cellulose hydrolysates on a large-scale, and purified glucose solution with a concentration of 3.84 mg. mL-1 was obtained, which offered a feasible way for the industrial production of glucose from cellulose hydrolysates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Long rod eroding penetrators exhibit hydrodynamic behaviour upon impact against the target plates. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting the penetration of tungsten alloy rods against rolled homogenous armour at ordnance velocities. Experiments were carried out for range of projectile length to diameter ratios to determine the penetration efficiency of the projectile, where the projectile penetration efficiency is the penetration depth per unit projectile length. Analytical Alekseevski–Tate model was implemented to predict the penetration depth across the length to diameter range and the results were compared with the experimental data. The tungsten percentage of the projectile material was also varied to change its mechanical properties and thus observe the effect of the same on the penetration depth. The experimental results showed a linear relationship between the penetration efficiency and the length to diameter ratio across the considered range of length to diameter ratios. The Alekseevski–Tate model predictions were not consistent across as the model does not consider the effect of length to diameter ratio. The projectiles with high impact energy were able to perforate the target plate.


characterize Solow's review as ad Iominem in "the larger design of his article," suggesting "a certain frivolity of purpose"; (4) to defend his (Galbraith's) scholarship as perhaps not superior to Solow's but adequate; and, finally, (5) to suggest that Solow's personal interest in existing economic theory perhaps blinds Solow to new insights (such as The New Industrial State) that threaten vested interests in existing theory. My article criticized models of the corporate state and studies of concentration, not because they deviate from strict neoclassical orthodoxy, but because they employ such orthodoxy as the standard performance in a dynamic world. The article called for a standard of performance in such a world that would better distinguish between normal and deviant corporate behavior. The data were indeed carefully selected. They were selected from the scholarly works of academicians such as Neil H. Jacoby, Eugene Rabinowitch, Victor R. Fuchs, L. E. Thurow, R. E. Lucas, Peter Drucker, M. A. Adelman, Frederick L. Pryor, and Leonard Weiss, among others. Galbraith's statement that I was using "doubtfully relevant" data appears to be a gratuitous rejection of the work of these scholars, or else it is an accidental oversight of the references in my article. Rather than discuss the question on its merits, Mr. Galbraith urges careful thought on my part about my conclusion, that large corporations do not contribute enough to inflation to justify permanent price and wage controls, on the grounds that, consciously or unconsciously, I am too biassed to be taken seriously. Perhaps so, perhaps not. The conclusion that models of the corporate state do not measure up to scholarly standards is one I share with the distinguished and prestigious scholar, Robert Solow. The qualifications I possess for writing in this REVIEW as an individual are not mine to decide, but if my writing opens me to suggestions of intellectual prostitution, it is my worry, not Galbraith's, although solicitude is always gracious when heartfelt. As for the conclusion that large corporations do not cause inflation enough to justify permanent wage and price controls, the objective evidence analyzed by J. Fred Weston is that prices in concentrated industries have risen less than prices in nonconcentrated industries. My article advances many suggestions for increasing competition in the economy, besides suggestions for improving productivity and statistics.


Basically, music consists of patterns regardless of how we view it; as audio, as musical notation, or as melody, chords, and rhythm. Hence, pattern recognition and machine learning have a seemingly endless amount of applications in this field. In this report, we give an introduction to the vast field of machine learning, by describing some general features, as well as some selected, popular models and algorithms. The report is by no means meant to be covering the entire field. We shall merely provide an overview, added with more in-depth discussion of subjects such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Blind Source Separation (BSS). Additionally, we will discuss how some of these techniques may be used in musical applications. We shall do so by looking at examples from the literature, while drawing on the author's professional background as a music producer. Lastly, we will allow for a brief digression into one of the most promising developments in machine learning in recent years; deep learning.


This paper presents results of skin entrance and organ dose measurements from routine medical x-ray examinations. The doses were measured in 1,452 patients undergoing 20 common X-ray investigations on 9 X-ray machines. CaSO4:Dy thermo luminescent dosimeters were used for dose measurements. The organ doses were estimated using tissue air ratios obtained using Monte Carlo methods by another worker. The highest mean dose of 16.69 mSv was measured for LS spine lateral projection and lowest of 0.15 mSv was for extremities. In the most commonly used chest\PA investigation, the mean skin entrance dose was 0.21 mSv. The ovary doses were significant for abdomen and LS spine investigations.


Two bacterinization programs of field-immunized layer-hens with bivalent or trivalent infectious coryza bacterins were evaluated by the detection of titers of hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies, and protection against controlled-challenge with A, B and C H. paragallinarum serovars. Bivalent-immunized layer-hens showed lower protection against clinical signs of infectious coryza when serovar A was challenged. Nevertheless, bivalent-immunized layer-hens showed protection and hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against serovar B. Trivalent-immunized layer-hens showed protection against all three H. paragallinarum serovars. No statistical differences were observed in the hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers against the same serovar conferred by bivalent or trivalent bacterins. These results indicate that higher hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers conferred by bivalent or trivalent infectious coryza bacterins could predict protection against a challenge with A, B or C H. paragallinarum serovars.


Disposal of unwanted assets is a critical element of stores and equipment management in any organization. When, for example, equipment is obsolete, continuing to keep it through maintenance, storage, parking, insurance, etc. may well exceed the returns that can be derived from the use of that equipment. Public entities in Kenya have specific disposal procedures and guidelines as provided for in the Public Procurement and Disposal Act, 2005 and Public Procurement and Disposal Regulations, 2006. This research project was a case study that sought to assess the factors affecting the rate of disposal of assets by the public sector organizations within Yatta Sub-County. A census was carried out on all the 28 Government Departments whereby 60 employees who were considered to have relevant information to the study were taken as the respondents. Questionnaires, interview guide and observation schedule were used to collect data. The study attained a 100% response rate. The findings of the study were that overall; the rate of disposal in public sector organizations in Yatta sub- county was low and that the process of procurement planning for disposal was reported as long and tedious.


1 Results Polyacetal (Polyoxymethylene,POM) is one of the big five Engineering Thermoplastics (ETP) which are beside POM,polyamides,polycarbonates,polyesters and polyphenyleneethers.Due to a balanced property profile (hardness/stiffness and toughness combined with good chemical,thermal and electrical properties) as well as excellent processing behaviour,polyacetals are widely used across all industry segments.Although the large-scale manufacturing processes are well-known and broadly published and paten...


This paper discusses the distortion of panels made by fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites under transverse thermal-loading conditions. We formulate thermal distortion from the bending theory of functionally graded materials. General solution for thermal distortion is derived in terms of material variation and temperature profile along the thickness of the panels. Using the general solution, analytical expressions of thermal distortion and associated internal forces for commonly used end supports are obtained. From these solutions, we discuss the failure mechanism induced by thermal distortion and design criteria that can be placed to prevent such failure. The roles of geometry, temperature and temperature gradients, and the competition among them in the process of structural failure are addressed.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Video Understanding, which involves the approaches in both computer vision area and nature language processing area, has attracted many researchers' attention in recent years. Many prior efforts focus on tasks like image recognition and object detection, which pave the way for some more challenging video tasks, like action recognition and temporal action localization. Actually, temporal action localization is still unsolved, at least not as successful as object detection. The relationship between temporal action localization and object detection is quite close, many temporal localization methods are directly borrowed from object detection method, such as R-C3D [8], which have the similar two stage structure with Faster-RCNN [3]. However, compared to objects in spatial field, actions in temporal field usually have more redundant information and larger variations in size. Thus, many researchers attempt to adapt some successful object detection models into multi-scale models. Even so, the gain of performance is still unsatisfying. Since this problem is still unsolved, it is worthwhile for us to explore further.


Introduction: In recent decades, issues of acculturation and cultural transfer with an emphasis on mental health have received many researchers' attention, the cultural intelligence as a component has special position. Cultural intelligence include cognitive, metacognition, motivational and behavioral dimensions that result in developing adaptive skills, purposeful life, individual growth, self-acceptance and positive interpersonal interaction and the prevention of social probles. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and psychological well-being with internet addiction in adolescents of Semnan. Methodology: This is a descriptive and correlational study. 517 young people in Semnan were selected through stratified random sampling and proportional to the population. Instruments: CIQ, IAT, Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire were used for data collecting. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Finding: data analysis showed that 3.7% of cultural intelligence and 3.1% of well-being psychological predicts internet addiction in adolescents. Discussion and Result: Based on the finding, some elements of cultural intelligence and psychological well-being affect internet addiction in adolescents. Key words : adolescents, cultural intelligence, psychological well-being, internet addiction.


This study aims to design a robust particle filter using artificial intelligence algorithms to enhance estimation performance using a low-grade interferometric radar altimeter (IRA). Based on the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry technology, the IRA can extract three-dimensional ground coordinates with at least two antennas. However, some IRA uncertainties caused by geometric factors and IRA-inherent measurement errors have proven to be difficult to eliminate by signal processing. These uncertainties contaminate IRA outputs, crucially impacting the navigation performance of low-grade IRA sensors in particular. To deal with such uncertainties, an ant-mutated immune particle filter (AMIPF) is proposed. The proposed filter combines the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm with the immune auxiliary particle filter (IAPF) to bring individual mutation intensity. The immune system indicates the stochastic parameters of the ACO, which conducts the mutation process in one step for the purpose of computational efficiency. The ant mutation then moves particles into the most desirable position using parameters from the immune system to obtain optimal particle diversity. To verify the performance of the proposed filter, a terrain referenced navigation (TRN) simulation was conducted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the proposed filter is not only more computationally efficient than the IAPF but also outperforms both the IAPF and the auxiliary particle filter (APF) in navigation performance and robustness.


Because understanding of global environmental problems is very limited except amongst the most highly educated populations of the most industrialised countries, it is not surprising that the latter should dominate environmental movement action on global issues, and that other, less highly educated people should be involved principally in local environmental campaigns. However, the success of local campaigns depends increasingly on the actions of non‐local actors, and solutions even to local environmental problems demand transnational organisation. Effective transnational environmental movement organisations, however, are neither democratically accountable nor simply universalist in their assumptions. The prospects of a genuinely global environmental movement may nevertheless be improved by education.


An apply-to-all construct is the key mechanism for expressing data-parallelism, but data-parallel programming languages like HPF and C* significantly restrict which operations can appear in the construct. Allowing arbitrary operations substantially simplifies the expression of irregular and nested data-parallel computations. The technique of flattening nested parallelism introduced by Blelloch, compiles data-parallel programs with unrestricted apply-to-all constructs into vector operations, and has achieved notable success, particularly with irregular data-parallel programs. However, these programs must be carefully constructed so that flattening them does not lead to suboptimal work complexity due to unnecessary replication in index operations. We present new flattening transformations that generate programs with correct work complexity. Because these transformations may introduce concurrent reads in parallel indexing, we developed a randomized indexing that reduces concurrent reads while maintaining work-efficiency. Experimental results show that the new rules and implementations significantly reduce memory usage and improve performance.<<ETX>>


A methodology for evaluating test apparatus size requirements has been applied to the sizing of flow-through tests used in the evaluation of coupled reaction and transport processes. The results of the sizing evaluation constrain the apparatus dimensions and test conditions capable of yielding results representative of the processes of interest. The size requirements of flow-through tests involving a system of simplified granite and groundwater were determined in order to demonstrate the feasibility and implications of sizing evaluations. Reaction path simulations were performed using the E03/6 codes at temperatures of 25°C, 100°C, and 200°C. The determination of reaction path as a function of time was then used to obtain minimum column residence time requirements. Simulation results indicate that column lengths required for development of quasistatic equilibrium reaction zones at 200°C are three times smaller than at 100°C, and over 36 times smaller than at 25°C. A range of possible combinations of column dimensions and flow rates for a set of model test conditions exist for a given residence time. The most appropriate combinations depend on the purpose of the test, the process of interest, and factors such as test duration, sampling requirements, and engineering limitations. Size and scale evaluations thus provide a technical basis for the design and construction of flow-through tests, and have profound implications for the interpretation of test results.


In the proposed article, the author analyzes the main scientific approaches of foreign and domestic researchers for a more complete understanding of the essence and economic role of youth entrepreneurship as an institution that allows using the creative potential of the younger generation in the interests of innovative development of the country. The author defines the concept of "youth entrepreneurship", characterizes it as a tool that ensures the growth of employment, the involvement of young people in economic activity. In modern science and theory, youth entrepreneurship is considered as a new concept conditioned by a combination of factors and trends in the development of entrepreneurship and business in general, as well as employment of the population, including young people. The author, to a certain extent, clarified and deepened the theoretical foundations of the formation and development of youth entrepreneurship, established the relationship between youth entrepreneurship and economic growth trends. Within the framework of analytical research, the economic and organizational foundations of the mechanisms for supporting youth entrepreneurship are comprehensively systematized and analyzed. The author identifies at the system level the problems hindering the development of youth entrepreneurship and ways to solve them. The research results obtained by the author are reliable and applied, can be used in the practical activities of economic management bodies at macro and micro levels, in the implementation of industrial and innovation policy, as well as in policies for the development of small, medium and large enterprises.


My research aims at the decoding of purely compressed-sensed videos sequences. In my major work of Ph.D. studies, I considered block-based CS video transmission systems. In such systems, the transmitter/encoder partitions each video frame into non-overlapping blocks, and performs nothing more than compressed sensing acquisition of each block independently, without the benefits of the familiar sophisticated forms of video encoding. Therefore, the burden of quality video sequence reconstruction falls solely on the receiver side. I developed block-adaptive Karhunen-Loève (KL) bases for sparse representation [9]-[11]. In a sliding-window decoding approach, the KL basis Ψmt,KLT for block X m t is estimated from the previously reconstructed frames F̂k, k = t−1, t−2, ..., t−n, where n is the number of reference frames. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed decoder outperforms significantly the conventional fixed basis intra-frame [12] and inter-frame [13], as well as the K-SVD [14], decoders. Performance is improved as the number of reference frames (what we call "decoder order") increases, with order values in the range of two to ten appearing as a good compromise between computational complexity and reconstruction quality.


grammed instruction, closed circuit and airborne television-research findings provide little evidence that the new teaching practices are leading to more efficient learning. Somehow research studies designed to assess the differential effects of various types of instructional procedures usually terminate as members of the not-so-exclusive club of "no significant differences." New developments in theory are also plentiful. B. F. Skinner has operationalized his conceptions of learning through the teaching machine; Jerome Bruner has formulated a set of technologies through which thinking occurs; and J. P. Guilford has developed a theoretical structure of the intellect which identifies some of the components that constitute human thought. Although the theoretical positions of Skinner and Bruner differ in many ways, they both share the view that the process through which something is taught significantly affects the efficiency and the usefulness of the learning. In Skinner's view, efficiency is achieved if the learner can proceed through a program that consists of very small units of information so con-


The goal of this paper is to present an analytical perspective of strategy as social practice in organizations by the articulation of proposals by Foucault, Certeau and Moscovici on social dynamics. To accomplish its intents it discusses the convergences and divergences between social dynamics in Foucault (1972, 1999, 2003a, 2003b), knowledge, power and subjectivities from Moscovici (1961), and Social Representation Theory (SRT) as articulated with the concept of everyday strategies and tactics by Certeau (1990). The paper presents the micro and macro delineations in investigations involving strategy-making practices in organizations over time. The studies of strategy as social practices are focused only on the micro-social level of CEO practices in organizations and don't consider the involvement of these practices at the macro-social level. Thus, this paper aims at acknowledging the roles played by experimentation and by the researcher's theoretical position, but also at offering the actors an opportunity to present the micro and macro aspects that involve their strategy practices in a given organization. This way, a dynamic reference is obtained that allows for the comparison of empirical data in the analysis of strategy as a social practice.


The concept map is a visual tool, a nontraditional assessment tool designed to specify individual mental models through graphic representation. This study investigated relative sensitivity of concept map subscales to well or poorly defined mental models of a targeted domain (learner achievement). Fifty-eight preservice teachers completed a computer-based lesson introducing the educational philosophy concept of functionalism within a traditional society. Analysis of concept maps constructed from learners who completed responses to four essay questions indicated a significant interaction between Subscore and Achievement, F(3,51)=33.42, p< .01, η= .66. The Crosslinks subscale, measuring a learner's domain integration, is more sensitive than Branches (domain differentiation), Propositions (domain knowledge), or Levels (domain differentiation). Implications for research and practice are discussed. As expert advisory bodies like the United States National Research Council urge policy makers, scientists, and educators to recognize the limits of traditional assessment instruments (2001), concept maps provide an attractive alternative. A concept map is a graphic representation of perceptions of a domain's relational structure. Each concept map is constructed to visually characterize understanding of the relationships between a targeted domain's concepts and its subconcepts. Thus, the concept map is inherently applicable to the measurement of higher-order conceptual understanding that characterizes meaningful learning (Ausubel, 1962; Novak & Gowin, 1984; Wiggins & McTighe, 2001). In its broadest application, alternative assessment initiates a process through which instructional goals are explicitly and holistically reinforced within a learning community (Hernandez & Reese, 2004; Wiggins & McTighe, 2001). This requires ongoing feedback and learner growth within an environment of publicly advertised standards and criteria (Hernandez & Reese, 2004; Wiggins & McTighe, 2001). Because a concept map is an explicit representation, it provides an object that can be objectively shared, digested, and discussed. As concrete objects of shared discourse, concept maps can be used as formative assessment tools to shape a learning community's progress toward instructional goals that require higher-order understanding. Since Joseph D. Novak and his colleagues (Novak, 1990, 1992; Novak & Gowin, 1984; Novak & Musonda, 1991) developed, pioneered, and validated the use of the concept map, educators and researchers have added it to the more traditional array of pedagogical and assessment tools. Assessment and evaluation of a concept map have involved quantification of three characteristics: (a) amount of knowledge, (b) domain differentiation, and (c) domain integration. These parameters are normally measured through subscale scores. Unfortunately, evaluators typically develop idiosyncratic sets of subscales and subscale weightings for each concept map application (Edmondson, 2000; Markham & Mintzes, 1994; Novak, 1990; Novak & Gowin, 1984; Wallace & Mintzes, 1990). This practice curtails generalization across domains and populations, limiting the contribution of concept mapping results within curricular and research efforts (Edmondson, 2000; Reese, 2003a; Shavelson & Ruiz-Primo, 2000). In addition to the generalization issues, ill-conceived scoring rubrics may unintentionally reinforce superficial rather than deeply structured knowledge organization. The National Research Council (2001) has suggested that three key elements should underlie any assessment: (a) cognition: how students learn and organize a targeted domain, (b) observation: how evaluators collect evidence of student learning in a domain, and (c) interpretation: how evaluators conduct an analysis and explanation of those observations. One implication of this "assessment triangle" is that an expert-novice paradigm comparing a learner's concept map to the expert's map of a targeted domain might more closely align with the triangle's cognition vertex than a summation of subscales measuring a concept map's open-ended richness. Comparisons between expert and novice concept maps are a relatively new area of research, requiring an algorithm and computer program to quantify the maps (Fisher, 2000; Reese, October, 2003; Clariana, Koul, & Salehi, in press; Poindexter & Clariana, in press). More commonly, researchers and educators follow Novak's paradigm and score concept maps by the sum of 1 Paper presented at the 2004 meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego. © 2004 Wheeling Jesuit University/Center for Educational Technologies/ All rights reserved.


Yunus Şimsek, one of the gun manufacturers from Cavdir, reports 'We take the deserved pride of promoting the Federal Trademark Guns which are manufactured in Bayir, Cavdir both in the country and to the whole world.  The firm was founded in 1994. Since 2005, we manufacture and market our own trade mark, Federal. Our own product is a trademark which is bought and used eagerly by a great many. We invite everyone to Cavdir either to observe the guns and our manufacture or to have a cute holiday in our sweet village Bayir.' (Translated by BURDIL)


Completed while he was dying, William Goyen's Arcadio is one of the most affecting and imaginative farewells to life ever written. Arcadio, whose voice is inimitably Goyenesque, is a creature from beyond the normal walks of life. Half man, half woman, raised in a whorehouse and for years the veteran exhibitionist in an itinerant circus sideshow, he has escaped from the show and has been wandering in a quest for his lost family. Speaking intimately to the reader, he tells the bizarre and fantastic tale of his life. This unforgettable novel is the crown of Goyen's exploration of the forms and feelings that could be compassed within fiction.


Oxygen storage materials of(Ce0.6Zr0.4O2)0.5(Al2O3)0.5 were prepared by NH3·H2O co-precipitate method and citric acid sol-gel method respectively.Effects of preparation methods on the crystal structure,specific surface area,average pore size,pore volume,oxygen storage capacity,reductive properties,content of constituents and particle morphology were investigated by XRD,BET,H2-TPR,SEM and EDX technologies.The results indicate that samples prepared by the two methods show the cubic crystal structure of CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 solid solution.Compared with NH3·H2O co-precipitate method,sample prepared by citric acid sol-gel method has higher specific surface area,pore volume,oxygen storage capacity,reduction property and thermal stability.The SEM and EDX analysis indicate that the particles of sample prepared by NH3·H2O co-precipitate method are aggregated obviously.The sample prepared by citric acid sol-gel method has small size and uniform distribution.The content of Ce,Zr and Al is similar to the theory value.


The interaction between a plasma and radiation is treated within linear response theory. The shape of spectral lines is related to the polarization function which is evaluated in the first order of charged particle density.


The effect of d1 impurity doping in Sr-hexaferrite (SrM) on the magnetic anisotropy is investigated. First-principles calculations revealed that group-V elements (V, Nb) are stabilized with co-doping of alkali elements. Na1+/K1+ doping at Sr2+-site is found to be critical to form the d1 impurities at Fe-site. Experimentally, Na–V doped SrM shows the intrinsic coercivity of ∼5.4 kOe, which is ∼300% enhancement compared to undoped SrM and comparable value to La–Co co-doped SrM. Finally, the spin-orbit coupling from non-vanishing angular momentum of d1 impurity in SrM should be a main factor for such a substantial improvement of intrinsic coercivity.


at pattern state to a striped pattern state by increasing , it took more than 10 4 periods before a full steady striped pattern appeared. This nonequilibrium and non-steady process showed a dynamic scaling behavior. The growth exponent of the characteristic length scale of the ordered domain was 0:25, which agreed with that of the SwiftHohenberg system. Furthermore, we show that the ordering process in the pattern is dominated by defect annihilation with the topological constraint of conserving the Burger's vector.


The highly efficient electrochemical hydrodefluorination of monofluoroaromatic compounds promoted by NaBH4 proceeds with high selectivity and gives the desired products in high yields.


identity is a matter of exteriority and performance: as Levinsky moves up the social ladder, he adopts the etiquette and accoutrements of the bourgeoisie, only to realize that in the process he has nearly lost his authentic self. The second part of the book, "Stages of Identity: Performing Ethnic Subjects," concerns itself with the tension between mask and inner self, passing, impersonation of "otherness," and racial mutability. It is devoted to the professional stage and zeroes in on the Italian American popular entertainer Eduardo Migliaccio, known as Farfariello, actor David Warfield and other racial impersonators, the phenomenal success of Potash and Perlmutter, Jewish and black entertainers in blackface, and popular second-generation Jewish performers like Eddie Cantor and Fanny Brice. Unlike the first part of the book, this one is heavily Jewish in content, an imbalance not quietly addressed by the author. It is also flatter than the first part. Since it deals mostly with popular theater, especially vaudeville, where delivery outranks the written text, it begs for a richer evocation of performance practices. Specifics of delivery culled from reviews, recorded songs, and films would transport the material from the two-dimensional frame of theorized text to the embodied world of the stage. One also notes the occasional shortage of basic factual information. This, it seems, is brought about by Romyen's love of theory and complex ideas. These comments notwithstanding, Romeyn should be commended for providing a comprehensive and masterful study and for providing us with an intricate scholarly apparatus that greatly enhances our understanding of the intersection of ethnicity, race, and performativity. Edna Nahshon


The model system is the random Erd˝ os–Rényi network with enhanced clusterization and Ising spins s = ±1 at the network nodes. Mutually linked spins interact with energy J. Magnetic properties of the system are investigated with the Monte Carlo heat bath algorithm, as dependent on the clustering coefficient C. For J > 0 the Curie temperature Tc increases from 3.9 to 4.4 when C increases from almost zero to 0.3. For J < 0 and negligible clusterization we observe a slight maximum of the thermal dependence of the magnetic susceptibility. For C > 0.2 the system relaxes with time t to thermal equilibrium as t −α , where α varies with C.


An audiovisual reflection that seeks to decode the powerful sound-image relationship in the music art video Truth by Kamasi Washington and AG Rojas. Through a multimodal approach the essay explores forms of frequency and the video's affective impact.


In Western languages those affected by crime are universally labelled as 'victims', meaning the sacrificed ones. According to the author this practice seems to originate from the association of the plight of victims with the suffering of Jesus Christ. In his view, the victim label, although eliciting compassion for victims, assigns to them a social role of passivity and forgiveness that they may increasingly find to be restraining. He analyses the narratives of eleven high-profile victims such as Natascha Kampusch, the couple McCann and Reemtsma to illustrate this thesis. The article continues with a critical review of biases deriving from the unreflexive adoption of the victim label in various schools of thought in victimology and criminal law. Finally, the author argues for the introduction of stronger procedural rights for crime victims in criminal trials and for a new focus within victimology on processes of victim labelling.


Lower cost, increased performance, and smaller size are attributes of many systems that employ SER/DES devices (Serializers and Deserializers). The same holds true for systems utilizing National's family of embedded clock LVDS SER/DES (FPD-Link II) devices. These SER/DES devices provide a 2wire serial interface for Display applications. One of the limitations these and other SER/DES devices have is the transmission distance between a serializer and a deserializer. One way to extend the reach of SER/DES devices is by using discrete signal buffers with integrated pre-emphasis and equalization circuits. This application note introduces National's LVDS devices with built-in pre-emphasis and equalization circuits, recommends when it makes sense to employ them with the FPD-Link II SER/DES, shows how to optimally interface them to the SER/DES, and discusses distance gains that may be realized with their signal enhancing functions.


This research is devoted to the study of plane wave propagation in homogeneous transversely isotropic (HTI) magneto-thermoelastic rotating medium with combined effect of Hall current and two temperature due to multidual-
phase lag heat transfer. It is analysed that, for 2-D assumed model, three types of coupled longitudinal waves (quasi-longitudinal, quasi-transverse and quasi-thermal) are present. The wave characteristics like phase velocity, specific loss, attenuation coefficients, energy ratios, penetration depths and amplitude ratios of transmitted and reflected waves are computed numerically and illustrated graphically and compared for different theories of thermoelasticity. Some particular cases are also derived from this research.


Objective: The simultaneous determination of abacavir (ABV), lamivudine (LMV) and zidovudine (ZDV) were applied by dual amplitude difference method coupled with ratio difference spectrophotometric methods.
Material and Method: The LMV was quantified by selected the 226.0 nm and 235.0 nm in the dual amplitude difference method. For ratio difference method 297.0 nm and 268.0 nm wavelengths and 266.0 nm, 245 nm wavelengths were chosen to quantify respectively ABV and ZDV. Accuracy studies have been carried out with percent recovery.
Result and Discussion: The proposed study, three active substances used in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment were quantified. These active ingredients are used in combination to provide effective treatment. With the applied methods, firstly LMV was determined by dual amplitut difference method, then ABV and ZDV were determined by ratio difference. The three active ingredients were studied in the concentration range of 3-21 µg/ml. Correlation coefficients were found to be between 0.9985 and 0.9996. Recovery results range from 95.2 to 106.2. In the method, it was only dissolved in the solvent and measured, and the analysis was carried out without pre-preparation and expensive equipment.


The vertical disc seed metering device was selected to study the influence of the structural characteristics of seed group on the filling performance of seed metering device. The working process of seed metering device was simulated by discrete element software to study the influence of seed quantity and structure characteristics of seed chamber on seed movement and filling results. The seed group was divided into four zones: ascending zone, relative static zone, collapse zone and recirculation zone. The number of seeds and the rotation speed of disk have no effect on the inclination angle of the recirculation zone upper surface, which was always about 35°. But they had a significant effect on the filling performance. When the number of seeds was 500-1500, QFI (quality of feed index) decreased, MIS (miss index) increased and MUL (multiple index) did not change significantly. However, when the number of seeds was 2000, the change trend of filling performance was completely opposite. Inner surface inclination angle and axial width of the seed chamber have significant effects on the filling performance. QFI first increased and then decreased with the increase of inclination angle, reaching the maximum at 20° and MIS showed the opposite trend. QFI increases with the increase of thickness and tends to be stable at 40mm. Similarly, MIS has the opposite trend.


This work reveals that series resonant networks (SRN) operating under CCM condition, can deliver approximately constant power under varying load condition without a frequency change or duty cycle control. The model developed in the study, delineates the relationship between characteristic impedance, the deviation of the excitation frequency from the resonant frequency, the load resistance and the output power for a given input voltage. As such, the model could be used to design a constant power SRN or a series resonant converter for a given application. Experimental and simulation results verify the analytical model developed in the study.


The probability function of Menke has been used as a basis for a statistical treatment of the intermolecular potentials in solutions of symmetrical molecules for which the entropy of mixing is the same as for an ideal solution of the same composition. The resulting expressions enable calculations to be made of the departure of iodine solutions from the ideal solution laws which agree satisfactorily with the observed departures.


The Measurement and Guidance Project in Engineering Education Is jointly sponsored by the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education. the Engineering Oounc1l for Professional Development, and the Carnegie Poundation for the Advancement of Teaching. The general aim of the project is to dJacover the effectiveness of certain types of objective examinations deaJcned to asstst in the selection and guidance of engineering students. The battery of tests thus far developed by the project consists of seven individual teata, aa follows: Test I-General Verbal Ability. Test n-Technical Verbal AbUitJl, Teat IU-comprehension Of Scientific Materials, Test IV-General Math.em4t1cal AbUitJ,l, Test V-Comprehenston 01 Mechanical Principles, Test VI-Spatial Vtmaltzing Ability, Test VU-Understanding Modern Society. The tests require six hours to administer. They may be used by any school of en1lneer1ni which 18 wlll1ng to abide by the regulations and restrictions which must be In effect during the experimental stage of such a project. The tests are not tor sale but are furnished to the cooperating schools of the project. All tests are scored in the central off1ce in New York. The cost of participation Is a flat fee of one dollar per student tested.


Randomized Response Technique (RRT) is a survey technique for improving the reliability of responses to sensitive questions. RRT has been first developed by Warner (1965). Group-testing is a sampling scheme in which measurements are taken simultaneously in groups. Kim and Heo (2013) incorporated the group testing method into the Warner's randomized response (RR) model and unrelated question RR model. In this paper, a new estimator is proposed by applying the theory of group-testing in two-stage randomized response (RR) model given by Mangat and Singh (1990). It has been empirically established that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the estimator developed by Mangat and Singh (1990). By using group testing in RR model, the cost of the survey is also reduced and the respondent's privacy is increased.


To inquire into running of the computer network in the hospital, the effective training method is taken for improving the level of the staff operating the computer in the hospital, it is insured that the regular running the computer network.


The effective social work researcher engages in systematic, objective, deductive, quantifiable, value-free, self-less, and emotionally placid scientific inquiry. At least that's the lesson I was taught when reading hundreds of research studies during my graduate and doctoral education. And as I began my dissertation, I learned that the lesson was an apostle's creed, a dogma to be embraced and challenged only at risk of excommunication. My first major independent research project in the early 1990s undermined all my convictionsin this true faith. The following narrative highlights some of the interactional dilemmas, cognitive puzzles, and distressing emotions that led meto a more complex understanding of the scientific enterprise.Copyright of Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping is theproperty of Cleveland State University and its content may not be copied oremailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyrightholder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, oremail articles for individual use.


Wireless Sensor Networks have recently been used for environmental monitoring and real time event detection because of their low implementation costs and distributed sensing and processing capabilities. Event detection is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks. Fire detection is used as an example in our event detection system. Algorithms are required to detect fire sensors and measure the environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, light intensity, and Carbon Monoxide) to determine if a fire is present or not. It is urgent to research fire detection techniques that are efficient, convenient and practical. Although there are several works on fire detection using WSNs, sufficient attention has rarely been paid to using fuzzy logic methods. We present a novel approach based on fuzzy logic for multi-sensors data fusion in a wireless sensor network system with a node-sink mobile network structure to detect fire. Through simulation results, it is shown that the proposed innovative fuzzy logic algorithm can improve the reliability and accuracy of sensed information and reduce the rate of false alarm.


Positron annihilation lifetime studies (PAL) have been carried out on Al-Cu alloy, in order to get information about solute surroundings at the annihilation site. Exceedingly large numbers of positrons are found to annihilate at the matrix-Al2Cu precipitate interfaces. The defect structure of AlCu alloy with a variety of Cu concentrations is deduced from the PAL measurements at room temperature. The change of the average positron lifetime with different Cu concentrations (up to 25 wt. % Cu) has been discussed. PAL measurements revealed saturation trapping of positrons at large concentration of copper in the alloy, specifically in matrix-precipitate interface. Complementary techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Vickers hardness are used in the present work. The nucleation and growth of the Al2Cu particles lead to reduction in the positron lifetime and raising in the Vickers hardness. Hence, the hardness variation is qualitatively consistent with that of positron annihilation parameters. The information obtained from PAL studies provides direct observations of positron trapping at the misfit interfaces between the Al-rich matrix and the Al2Cu phase.


Distributed filtering in network is a fundamental problem in the field of network signal processing. Each node estimates or tracks some unknown state relying on the private observation and the fusion information from the network. Network fusion is generally a way of interaction over network, by which nodes can learn from each other and make decision mutually. Unlike conventional methods, we construct a distributed filter using Bayesian network game as a fusion tool, where all the nodes exchange their best strategies instead of exchanging local estimators. The proposed algorithm is a coalition of signal processing and game theory in network, which can be extended to more general signal processing and decision making models.


Objective To investigate the clinical feature, treatment and prognosis of severe hand-footmouth disease without typical skin lesions. Methods Clinical data from 24 patients with severe hand-footmouth disease without typical skin lesions collected from January 2010 to May 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 17 males and 7 females among the 24 patients. Of them, 3 patients with positive EV71 showed no skin lesions at the first visit, 2 presented with only herpes of mouth, 3 with only skin rashes in gluteal regions, 5 with only skin rashes on the palms, 2 with only skin rashes of the knees, 9 with skin rashes in hands, feet and gluteal regions simultaneously. The skin rashes were sparse with an atypical distribution.Fever occurred in all the 24 patients and lasted 6 - 7 days. Nervous system was involved in all the patients,and pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 4 patients. RT-PCR and real-time PCR showed that the pharyngeal swab was positive for EV71 in 13 patients, for CoxA16 in 2, for other enterovirus in 3, and feces samples were positive for EV71 in 9 patients, for CoxA16 in 1, for other enterovirus in 2. Five patients were positive for EV71 in both pharyngeal swab and feces samples. Four patients died of multiple organ failure, the other 20 patients were cured and discharged from hospital. Conclusions The major pathogen causing severe hand-footmouth disease is EV71 in the 24 patients; children under 2 years are liable to this disease; high fever is common with various rashes. Early recognition of atypical skin lesions and timely management are most important for the control of severe hand-foot-mouth disease and improvement in overall survival of patients with this entity.

Key words:
Hand foot and mouth disease;  Critical illness;  Exanthema;  Lung


Absorbent paper product, particularly tissue paper, comprising at least two layers, of which at least one is embossed with a pattern embossing comprising protrusions (1, 2, 3) of greater than or equal density 30 protuberances per cm2, characterized in that said embossing pattern comprises at least two juxtaposed areas, the protrusions (1, 2, 3) each have a different density and / or a surface different crest in order to obtain a relief effect in that product.


Phenological data enable us to understand easily the long-term change of climate. Because some of them have been observed longer than meteorological data. Moreover, they explain the change of ecosystems which reflects the climate. This research aimed at making clear the usefulness of the phenological data as an index of climate change. And here, the germination date of horse chestnut of Geneva was used, Firstly the data was compared with atmospheric data. And next the estimation was conducted by accumulating the temperature of spring, But the accuracy was not so good. I thought one of the reasons was a difference of vernalization and compared the temperatures of germination season. As a result it was found that the horse chestnut have come to germinate at a lower temperature year by year. This was because the winter warming made the vernalization completed. In general, it is necessary to solve the complicated process of phenology before considering the data as an index of climate change. If the observation place or the the kind of plants varies, the change of phenology by global warming also varies. KEYWORDS; Global Warming, Phenology, Horse chestnut, Germination, Winter warming 1.は じめに 地球温暖化を長期的視点で考察するには、気象観測が行われていない頃か らの気候分析が必要である。そこ で、気候の影響を受ける他の類のデータを解析する手法で、間接的な気候分析が行われている。古木の年輪分 析や花粉分析、極氷 コアの同位体分析などは、大変古 くか らのものが残っており有効である。その 方 で生物 季節データは、年単位のデータが存在 しているという点で優れており、近年気候変化指標 として注目されてい る。 しかしその研究は、経年比較や回帰分析の域にとどまるものが多 く、また、地球温暖化をそのままデータ 変化の原因に結びつけるという短絡的な傾向も見 られる。植物の開葉や開花の機構が比較的明確にされてい て、生物季節がかな り正確に予想されうる状態にあることを考えると、これは大変残念なことである。 そこで本研究では、温度変化に対する植物の反応性から開葉データを分析 してみた。そしてその分析を通し て、生物季節データが気候変化の指標 として有効であるかを調べることが、本研究の目的である。気候変化指 標としての信頼性は、実際の気候の影響を忠実に生物季節データが反映 していなければ成 り立たない。それ を確認するためにまず、1)長 期的な気候変化に対 して、生物季節データが どう変化 しているのかを観察 し、 そして、2)一 年単位での季節変化に対 して、生物季節がどう対応 しているのかを調べた。前報では、1886~ 1961年のセイヨウ トチノキの開葉 日データと気温データとの対応を行った。温度変換 日数法により日平均気温 か ら開葉 日を推定 したが、推定誤差が8日 程度とな り良い対応は得 られなかった。そこで今回は、1991年 まで データを追加 し、温度変換 日数法に加えて、単純に日平均気温を積算する方法 も同時に行 った。そして開葉 日 付近の温度 を調べることにより、休眠打破の影響に関して考察を行い、生物季節か ら見たこの百年間での気象 変化を把握することに した。 *東 京 大 学 工 学 部 都 市 工 学 科Department of Urban Engineering, The University of Tokyo


Abstract Labetalol determination in human plasma by a sensitive (to 2.5 ng/ml) and selective method using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. Plasma is extracted with diethyl ether under mildly basic (pH 9) conditions, back-extracted into an aqueous acidic buffer, then injected directly on column. Standard curves using propranolol as an internal standard are linear for concentrations from 2.5 to 200 ng/ml. Within-day and between-day reproducibility is satisfactory with coefficient of variation less than 8% for all concentrations. Sample recovery from the extraction is complete at all concentrations. Utility of the method is demonstrated by a pharmacokinetic study in a hypertensive volunteer who received 43.75 mg labetalol by 10 minute intravenous infusion.


The simian virus 40 (SV40) particle is mainly composed of the major capsid protein termed VP1. VP1 self‐assembles into virus‐like particles (VLPs) of approximately 40 nm in diameter when over‐expressed in bacteria or in insect cells, but purified VP1 does not form such a structure under physiological conditions, and thus, the mechanism of VP1 assembly is not well understood. Using a highly purified VP1 assembly/disassembly system in vitro, here we provide evidence that DNA is a factor that contributes to VP1 assembly into 40‐nm spherical particles. At pH 5, for example, VP1 preferentially assembles into 40‐nm particles in the presence of DNA, whereas VP1 assembles into tubular structures in the absence of DNA. Electron microscopic observations revealed that the concentration of DNA and its length are important for the formation of 40‐nm particles. In addition, sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis and DNase I‐sensitivity assays indicated that DNA of up to 2000 bp is packaged into the 40‐nm particles under the conditions examined. We propose that DNA may facilitate the formation of 40‐nm spherical particles by acting as a scaffold that increases the local concentration of VP1 and/or by acting as an allosteric effector that alters the structure of VP1.


We undertook this study to identify oestrus of greater cane rat. Sexual behavior of 14 females was observed for 6 months. Vaginal samples were performed and stained refer to Papanicolaou (1942). Our results showed that there are four very irregular stages of sexual cycle with cane rat. At the anoestrus stage, vulva is sealed. Females refuse projections. Vaginal smears are basophils. The index estrogen is about 10%. Vaginal mucus is viscous and yellowish at all stages of the cycle except at the oestrus where it becomes fluid. At oestrus, the vulva is open and oozing. Smears are acidophilic and inflammatory. The estrogenic index is 90%. The female is docile and easily accepts the projection. While determine the physiological state of the females before mating, we have been able to achieve without couplings aggressive males.


Abstract It is well known that flexible structures exhibit vibratory behavior. In this article, a method of preshaping the input to such structures for the suppression of residual vibration is presented. This problem is formulated as an optimization problem that seeks to minimize the time taken for a point-to-point motion. Suitable constraints are imposed to produce zero residual vibration. The formulation allows for easy specification of constraints on the system such as controller saturation and others. In addition, conditions which reduce the sensitivity of the solution with respect to variations in system parameters are included. The robustness of the system performance is verified through simulation results. The results show that the proposed method can cancel the residual vibrations effectively while minimizing the time taken for travel subject to system constraints such as limits of actuators.


This study concerns the ozonation of Resorcinol, Phloroglucinol and 1,3 Cyclohexanedione in the presence of bromide ion in a bubble column, prior to chlorination. Preozonation in aqueous solutions reduces the potential for forming chlorinated trihalomethane compounds. At organic concentrations greater than 10−4 M a short ozonation time increases the potential for forming trihalo compounds. At longer ozonation times the reverse is true. Finally the influence of mass transfer and chemical reaction on the ozone absorption rate have been evaluated following the film theory.


In this artilce, we develop a monitoring procedure for an early detection of distributional changes in autoregressive models. We design the monitoring procedure based on residuals since the test based on the observations is inappropriate. We verify that under regularity conditions, the stopping rule designed to detect changes behaves asymptotically the same as that in iid samples. Simulation results are provided for illustration.


The question of how classroom teachers can best provide negative feedback (corrections) to their students when they produce oral grammatical errors needs more attention than it has received, since in the typical classroom a considerable amount of time is devoted to such feedback. When a student produces an error the teacher needs to make an instantaneous decision, not only on whether to correct the error but also on how to correct it. This article addresses the second of these issues. What follows is a presentation and critique of three commonly used verbal feedback techniques and a proposal for a nonverbal feedback technique comprising a set of hand signals, each of which is used to indicate a certain error type. The article concludes with a discussion of the value of the use of negative feedback in the classroom.


The paper deals with an ongoing research activity for developing a Building Information Model (BIM) for the facility and collections management of museums. The BIM success lies not only in its application for the design and construction of buildings but also because it helps the information management of a building throughout its life cycle. Compared to other activities, in museums management, the container/content relationship is essential for the preventive conservation of artworks, according to national and international guidelines. Then, an effective BIM-based museum information system linked to external databases (called M-BIM) should include also the art collections for managing information regarding both the building and artworks by 3D objects handling. This facilitates the management of the procedures prescribed by international best practices (as the facility and conservation reports set up for the loan of artworks) or by Italian regulations (as to check the compliance of a museum with the minimum standards or to archive renovations and temporary exhibitions). The proposed methodology has been tested on the Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze (Florence, Italy), situated in a complex heritage building. Starting from data acquired during a laser scanner survey carried out in 2011, a HBIM of the whole building has been created. Then, the sculptures and paintings of a consistent part of the museum have been modelled with different approaches and inserted as BIM objects. Artworks instances include 3D geometry and physical data (dimensions, materials, weight, etc.), other data are obtained from links to already existing external catalogues. A database conceptual model has been formalised, according to INSPIRE Consolidated Unified Modelling Language (UML) of the INSPIRE Directive, with the aim to maintain the independence of the BIM approach but improving data connection with other databases and sources.Highlights:A holistic information management system for museums (M-BIM) is proposed, including both information on the building and the collections.International and Italian guidelines, and best practices on museums management are compared.The Galleria dell'Accademia di Firenze is used as a case study for testing the application of M-BIM on a heritage building.


The article considers a class of ERA-logics with the empirical modalities $\square$ (necessity) and $\lozenge$ (possibility), which characterize, respectively, statements representing empirical laws and empirical tendencies, i.e., empirical regularities. Empirical regularities are the result of JSM reasoning, which is formed by the interaction of the inductive inference rules and inference rules by analogy, as well as the procedures for abductive acceptance of hypotheses.
The ERA-logics under consideration are propositional imitation of JSM reasoning applicable to sequences of extensible fact bases of intelligent systems. A characteristic feature of ERA-logics is the application of two concepts of truth – coherent and correspondent. The application of the coherent concept of truth is due to the generation of hypotheses through the rules of inductive inference and inference by analogy. The application of the correspondent concept of truth is due to the use of an abductive inference, the acceptance of the results of which uses verification of predictions hypotheses. For this purpose, ERA-logics use the operator T: ``it is true that... ''.
In the conclusion of the article, non-finite extensions of ERA-logics are discussed, as well as their differences as logics of empirical modalities from G.H. von Wright' M-logic of logical modalities.


The oxidation state of an atom in a molecule is an important means of electron bookkeeping and determining structure and bonding, so the question of just how high oxidation states can go is a curio...


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as negative regulators of gene expression in the cytoplasm. Previous studies identified miRNAs associated with the spliceosome. Here we study three breast-derived cell-lines with increased tumorigenicity (from MCF-10A to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and compared their miRNA sequences at the spliceosome fraction (SF). We report that the SF-miRNAs expression, identity, and pre-miRNA segmental composition vary across these cell-lines. The expression of the majority of the abundant SF-miRNAs (e.g. miR-100, miR-30a, and let-7 members) shows an opposite trend in view of the literature and breast cancer large cohorts. The results suggest that SF-miRNAs act in the nucleus on alternative targets than in the cytoplasm. One such miRNA is miR-7704 whose genomic position overlaps HAGLR, a cancer-related lncRNA. We found an inverse expression of miR-7704 and HAGLR in the tested cell lines. Moreover, inhibition of miR-7704 caused an increase in HAGLR expression. Furthermore, increasing miR-7704 levels attenuated the MDA-MB-231 cell-division rate. While miR-7704 acts as oncomiR in breast cancer patients, it has a tumor-suppressing function in SF, with HAGLR being its nuclear target. Manipulating miR-7704 levels is a potential lead for altering tumorigenicity. Altogether, we report on the potential of manipulating SF-miRNAs as an unexplored route for breast cancer therapeutics.


A substrate transfer apparatus is provided with a moving stage (32), which is movably arranged in a horizontal direction on a base (14) and positioned on one side for receiving and transferring a substrate (G) on the one side; a supporting apparatus (S), which is arranged on the moving stage (32) with a supporting area, for movably supporting the substrate (G) in the horizontal direction; a moving apparatus (T), which traverses the leading end of the supporting area on the one side and transfers the substrate (G) on the supporting area in the horizontal direction so as to receive and transfer the substrate (G) on the one side; a column (16) standing on the base (14); and a hand (H), which is attached to the column (16) to be movable in the horizontal direction and liftable in the vertical direction by traversing the supporting area, so as to transfer the substrate (G) on the opposite side and transfer the transferring substrate (G) onto the supporting apparatus (S). The supporting area has an extending section protruded to the one side from the moving stage (32).


Introduction: Paget's disease of bone (PDB) mainly affects adults, with an irregular geographic distribution, with areas of high prevalence, mainly in the United Kingdom, France, and certain regions of Spain. Depending on the radiological findings, the cases are classified in stages: initial or osteolytic; intermediate or mixed and terminal, quiescent or osteosclerotic. The imaging techniques used for the diagnosis are scintigraphy and radiology. Biochemical markers of bone turnover indirectly reflect the activity of PDB and the therapeutic response. The objective of this study is to know the main clinical characteristics of patients with PDB in a reference hospital.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study of patients diag-
nosed with PDB at the Vall d'Hebron Hospital in Barcelona, from January 1985 to December 2009. Data from laboratories, clinics, images and treatment were evaluated. Paget's disease of bone was diagnosed by typical X-ray findings.

Results: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with PDB were included, with an average age of 61.58 ± 20 years, with an F/M ratio of 1/3. The reason for consultation was pain in 15/35 (42.8%) patients. The most frequent location was hemipelvis, followed by vertebrae, tibia and femur. The involvement in 17/32 (49%) patients was monostotic and in 18/35 (51%) polyostotic. The alkaline phosphatase was elevated between 2 to 10 times the normal value in 30/35 (86%) of the patients at the time of diagnosis. The treatment of choice in all patients was a bisphosphonate, with a response of 57% at 3 months. The most frequent complication was the spinal stenosis.

Conclusion: Paget's disease of bone affects elderly patients with predominance of the male gender, that may be of polyostotic or monostotic presentation. The most frequent reason for consultation was pain and the most common complication was spinal stenosis. Early diagnosis and treatment with bisphosphonates are very important strategies for these patients.


The present study records occurrence of three species of spider crabs: Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887 (Epialtidae), Hyastenus spinosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Epialtidae) and Paramaya mulli Ng, Prema & Ravichandran, 2018 (Majidae) for the first time from the west coast of India. These species were earlier reported from coastal areas of east coast of India. The diagnostic characteristics and some remarks on the taxonomy of each species are given in this paper.


The asymmetric epoxidation of 2‐oxoindoline‐3‐ylidene acetaldehydes, catalyzed by diarylprolinol silyl ether, has been developed. The reaction provides oxindole derivatives possessing chiral epoxides in good yield with good diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity.


We consider n-hypersurfaces Σj with interior Ej whose mean curvature are given by the trace of an ambient Sobolev function uj ∈ W 1,p(R) HΣj = ujνEj on Σj , (0.1) where νEj denotes the inner normal of Σj . We investigate (0.1) when Σj → Σ weakly as varifolds and prove that Σ is an integral n-varifold with bounded first variation which still satisfies (0.1) for uj → u,Ej → E. p has to satisfy


Osteoporosis, a chronic disease, can be managed through medication and lifestyle changes if detected early. Therefore, there is need for a cost effective method of screening for osteoporosis. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based implementation for developing an automated computer aided diagnostic (CAD) system that harnesses additional information contained in dental panoramic radiographs to detect a person's risk for developing osteoporosis. Our proposed method follows a two-step approach. First, we apply deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to segment key areas of a panoramic radiograph including the mandible, mental foramen, and the mandibular cortical bone. Second, we follow it up with image processing techniques using OpenCV to calculate the ratio of pixels to help arrive at a key ratio called the Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI). This ratio is instrumental in determining the risk of bone loss in individuals. When compared to the dental clinicians, our model achieved an F1 score of 0.943 on the test set, whereas the performance of dental clinicians was regarded as the standard with a perfect score. Our paper focuses on automating the measurement of PMI to create a CAD system suitable for routine screening of osteoporosis.


The new refined oil pricing mechanism set by the National Development and Reform Commission is based on cost,with a reasonable profit of manufactures and the state tax and fee added. A backward pricing mechanism of refined oil is constructed based on the analysis of actuality and shortages of the new refined oil pricing mechanism. The author believes that the new constructed pricing mechanism can not only make us draw lessons from American experience of Public Utility Pricing,but also avoid disadvantages of lack of scientific,going against lowing down cost and difficulties in supervision by governments(administrations) in refined oil pricing mechanism set by the National Development and Reform Commission.


come financiers by virtue of taking securities in payment rather than demanding cash. The relative importance of this device in overall financing is not shown, however. The editor's contribution is an analysis of the increase in stock exchange transactions arising with the expansion in railway shares and the development of local exchanges in the railway boom of the 1830's and 1840's. It concludes, as did Mitchell, that the coming of the railway led to a significant change in commercial structure. The remaining article deals with the financing of one particular line, the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway. The previously published part (S. A. Broadbridge, "The Early Capital Market: The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway," Economic History Review, VIII (1955-6), 200-12) described the geographic locale of subscribers. It showed that the interested areas (those in which the lines were located) tended to subscribe heavily. The newly published part is concerned with the occupational characteristics of the subscribers, detailing the importance of contributors in trade and industry. The study is restricted to the thirteen companies making up this one railway and relates only to the period 1835-1845. While it is unclear the extent to which results can be generalized, it is a useful study and one providing a good basis for other studies.


The exploring teaching in psychological diathesis education is to guide the student in the way of exploring teaching, to solve his/her own or others' psychological problems, with the help of the teacher, which involves the mastery of psychological knowledge, cultivating abilities, enhaneing psychological diathesis. The experiment shows that this kind of teaching is effective on promoting students' psychological qualities.


Since 1982, Danish legislation on streams and drainage has included clauses which make it possible to implement river restoration. In this paper, the Danish shift in policy from drainage to the return of wetlands is described. To illustrate the new beginning on catchment management, two major river‐restoration schemes, i.e. the River Brede demonstration project and the River Skjern Nature project, are presented. Both projects have been implemented and consist of many parts, including (a) returning the straight, regulated rivers back to their former meanders, (b) introducing better hydraulic interaction between the river and its meadows, and (c) establishing former lakes, bogs, ponds and marshes. Also, an increase in security against flooding has resulted, as the regulated 'water‐motorways'have become more natural, with buffer‐zones and retention of water in the restored features.


The experience of local wars and armed conflicts of the present [1-3] indicates further improvement of the tactics of ambushing and projected increase in their numbers in a context of further escalation of armed conflict in the Southeast of Ukraine. At the same time, valid guidelines, which regulate the activities of the National Guard of Ukraine, do not fully consider ways to counter ambush during marches in the context of the specified armed conflict. The lack of scientifically substantiated recommendations on the implementation of anti-mischief measures during the march of units and units of National Guard of Ukraine in terms of foreseeing entry into battle creates problematic situations in the activities of commanders and authorities in the planning and implementation of the march, reduces the effectiveness of the performance of military and combat tasks, leads and can hypothetically lead to significant losses. The experience of the participation of the units and parts of the National Guard in conducting a counter-terrorist operation in relation to the organization and implementation of marches in conditions of counteraction to the enemy, combined with the experience of local wars and armed conflicts of the present, was not considered comprehensively. The purpose of the article is to substantiate and offer to discuss recommendations on the application of anti-mischief measures during the marching of units and parts of the National Guard of Ukraine in conditions of foreseeable entry into battle. Recommendations on the implementation of anti-mischief measures during the marching of units and parts of the National Guard of Ukraine have been developed and proposed in the context of foreseeing entry into the battle, taking into account the experience of local wars and armed conflicts of the present.


In the network context, the creation subject of network literature composed of popular internet users has the characteristics of generalization and grammaticalization and presents the creative psychology of seeking emotional catharsis and spiritual breakthrough.


The aim of this thesis is to compare several extensions of multimodal logic in terms of their representational succinctness on different classes of models. Succinctness is a natural refinement on the notion of expressivity. Intuitively, given two logics L1 and L2, we say that L1 expresses more succinctly than L2 some properties of a class of models if the L1-formulae expressing the properties in question are significantly shorter than
all the equivalent L2-formulae. The precise technical interpretation of "significantly shorter" depends on the case at hand and may mean "exponentially shorter", "nonelementary shorter", etc. This work was motivated by the question of whether public announcement logic (PAL) is exponentially more succinct than multimodal logic (ML)
on the class S5 of Kripke models with underlying structures in which all relations are reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
Using techniques based on a generalisation of Ehrenfeucht-Fra��ss�e games called Adler-
Immerman games, we show that extending ML in two di�erent ways: by allowing formulae
[[􀀀]', where [[􀀀]' is equivalent to
V
i2􀀀[i ]', and by introducing formulae [9􀀀]'
such that [9􀀀]' is equivalent to
W
i2􀀀[i ]', leads to two well-known equally expressive
extensions of ML, called [[]ML and [9]ML, respectively, such that each one of them
is exponentially more succinct than the other on the class of all Kripke models. We
also compare [[]ML and [9]ML with PAL and prove that there are properties of Kripke
models that can be expressed exponentially more succinctly in PAL than in both [[]ML
and [9]ML. In order to show that even logics with di�erent expressive power can be
meaningfully compared in terms of their representational succinctness, we consider speci
�c modal formulae containing modalities of the form [a \ b] and study the lengths of
equivalent formulae from the logics [[]ML and [9]ML on some suitably chosen Kripke
models. We obtain meaningful succinctness results even in this case.
As far as S5-models are concerned, we are able to answer in the a�rmative our
initial motivating question; moreover, we compare the logics [[]ML and [9]ML with
ML and show that there is an exponential succinctness gap in this case, too. Again,
we are able to exhibit formulae containing modalities [a \ b] that have ML-equivalents
on a very restricted subset of S5-models but the length of these equivalent formulae is
exponentially bigger.


The present invention discloses an apparatus for preparing carbon-based fertilizers under CO2 atmosphere, wherein the circulating fluidized bed reactor and the cyclone is connected to the cyclone condensation scrubbing tower into contact with a cyclone separator connected to the loop seal; condensed a gas scrubbing tower connected to the gas collection cabinet; collecting gas through a valve connected to the gas tank of the gas burner, the gas burner is connected with a circulating fluidized bed reactor; of CO2 gas source is connected to the circulating fluidized bed reactor through a flow meter, the circulation flow bed reactor with a central hopper is connected to a bottom end provided with a carbon-based discharge opening. The present invention also discloses a process for the preparation of carbon-based fertilizers under CO2 atmosphere, agricultural waste process optimization using a circulating fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention, pyrolysis, high efficiency; may cause more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients to retain the element in the biochar; compared to N2, CO2 canned lower cost.


PURPOSE: To obtain stable and easy-to-handle high molecular polymer compositions by treating a starting dehydrated polymer/emulsifying surfactants/ hydrophobic liquid compositions with a centrifugal separator. CONSTITUTION: A water-in-oil polymer suspension or emulsion containing a polymer concentrate of more than 25% total wt. is diluted with hydrophobic liquid supplied from an intermediate tank 2 and a line 5 through a line 3 via a storage tank 1 to produce polymers/emulsifying surfactants/hydrophobic liquid compositions. The compositions are sent to a falling-film evaporator 4, a concentrate containing 10 to 15% polymer solids, less than 3.0% water, 80 to 90% oil allowed to flow into a decanter-type centrifuge 15, partial oil is removed and concentrated, and then discharged from a line 17 to produce a concentrate of about 70 wt.% polymer solids, less than 2 wt.% water, 8 to 12 wt.% oil and a residual inert component. The resultant centrifuge raffinate streams are supplied to partially protruding disk-type centrifuge 21 to recycle. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Combining with work experiences,the author describes how to control the whole process in the deciding and design period of the project,bidding and construction period,completion and settlement period,and the post-evaluation period,based on the complementation of certain method,so as to get better investment benefit.


This study analyzes the proposal-writing environment and the practices of seven engineers at Atherton Jordan, Inc. (a pseudonym), a Silicon Valley engineering firm that does government defense work. The following questions are addressed in our research: What are the characteristics of the proposal-writing environment at AJI, an organization that relies primarily on military contracts? What traits do AJI proposals exhibit? To what extent, if any, do organizational conventions influence the writing of AJI proposals? Finally, how can we characterize the proposal-writing process of AJI engineers? Using an ethnographic approach, the authors triangulated data through formal and informal interviews, a questionnaire, and company documents. Findings indicate that AJI engineers, working in a high-stress environment, write proposals collaboratively and have a highly structured composing process. Early drafts of proposals exhibit both macro- and micro-problems resulting partly from engineers' training and the nature of their jobs. Faced with an increasingly competitive environment, AJI has set up a Proposal Operations Center to help engineers write better proposals. The result has been not only a dramatic improvement in the final drafts of proposals, but a shift in engineers' attitudes toward writing, as well.


We compare numerically the behavior of several bootstrap procedures for monitoring changes in the error distribution of autoregressive time series. The proposed procedures include classical approaches based on the empirical distribution function as well as Fourier-type methods which utilize the empirical characteristic function, both functions being computed on the basis of properly estimated residuals. The Monte Carlo study incorporates different estimators and bootstrap plans and a variety of sampling situations with and without outliers. 2000 Mathematical Subject Class: 62G20, 62E20, 60F17


Thermal runaway is a well known phenomena in degradation analysis of the CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells. The thin thickness of such devices can be deteriorated by the temperature fluctuations after a long enough time. We modeled the temperature profile of thin film devices considering the uniform and nonuniform distribution for temperature of the glass substrate and current flowing through TCO layer. In addition, the temperature profile of a hot spot at the edge of the device has been formulated and compared with the real data and fitting functions represented in a few literature. All the above modeling was based on the heat transfer equation considering the importance of thermal resistances. The convection and conduction resistances were introduced in the considered Biot number optimized for PV applications. The modeling presented in this paper can be extended to other solar cell structures or large scale modules. The current study suggests that the thickness and temperature dependencies of the thermal conductivity, convection and conduction resistance might be taken into account and be optimized in thermal runaway issues of thin film devices. The hot spot modeling suggests that the current flowing across the TCO layer can assist the thermal runaway and deformation of neighboring area.


Among today's world problems, drinking water shortage is one important thing. Solar distillation is a simple and efficient solution to solve this problem, but the yield produced from solar distillation is low. The incorporation of thermal energy storage materials in the solar still is one of the solutions to enhance the yield. For enhancing the yield, solar stills were fabricated using high thermal conductivity materials and tested on three consecutive days in June 2020 in the same climatic conditions. Three solar stills are single slope solar still with a steel plate (SSS-SP), SSS with a zinc plate (SSS-ZP) and SSS with a copper plate (SSS-CP). The maximum total drinkable water production from the SSS-SP, SSS-ZP and SSS-CP is equal to 3.35, 3.96 and 4.51 kg/m2, respectively. The daily drinkable water production increased by 18.21% when using zinc plates and 34.63% when using the copper plate, related to the SSS-SP. The maximum daily exergy efficiency of the SSS-SP, SSS-ZP and SSS-CP are equal to 1.9%, 2.39% and 3.08%, respectively. The daily exergy efficiency was increased by 26.13% when using zinc plate and by 61.57% when using the copper plate, compared to the SSS-SP.


On Saturday, January 22, in the Court, the eng ineering societies of Drexel will hold their first Engineers' Ball since before the war. This year's dance, going against the usual custom, will he informal. The last Engineers' Ball, held b e  fore the war, was formal and was one of the biggest social functions of the school year. It is hoped that this u i l l be the first of a long series of fu ture dances.


Growth rates, hatch-date distributions and seasonal changes in energy content of larval and juvenile herring (Clupea harengus), the major Baltic Sea zooplanktivore, were studied in a coastal area. The first microstructure (ring) shown in the otoliths (sagittae) was formed at the end of the yolk-sac stage. The following rings occurred regularly and showed a pattern corresponding to daily growth rings, as described in the literature, and we used these rings to age the fish. The average growth rate was estimated at 0.37 mm d "1 and 0.58 mm d "1 for larval and metamorphosed herring, respectively. The overall growth for all young stages could be described with a fourth order polynomial relationship between length and age. Estimated hatching dates were distributed between March and June. This is earlier than normally assumed for the northern Baltic Sea and was probably caused by an early and warm spring in 1993. Our data indicate the highest survival for herring spawned from end of April to the middle of May. In terms of seasonal and yearly fluctuations in body composition, there was an increase in energy content from 2200 to 2800 J g "1 wet weight and 2900 to 4800 J g "1 wet weight for larval and metamorphosed herring, respectively, with nearly constant energy content during metamorphosis. ? 1996 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea


Abstract: Fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs), a relatively new class of non-corrosive, high-strength, lightweight material, have over the past approximately 15 years emerged as practical materials for a number of structural engineering applications. This chapter introduces constituent materials, FRP composite laminates and multilayer laminate theory, and the durability of composite materials for the construction and building industries, as well as future developments. Furthermore, some of the more common FRP applications in civil engineering structures and design rules are described in detail, including externally bonded FRP plates, sheets and wraps for the strengthening of reinforced concrete, steel, aluminium and timber structural members, FRP bars for the internal reinforcement of concrete, and application of FRP profiles.


Figure 1. Histological characteristics of the lesion of calcified epidermal cyst on the neck. A: Histological examination reveals a dermal cystic structure. The cavity is filled with keratinous material and numerous amorphous basophilic calcareous sediments (hematoxylin-eosin staining, 20). B: The cyst wall consists of thinned stratified squamous epithelium surrounded by fibrosis (hematoxylin-eosin staining, 200).


In service industries, especially in some ticket windows at scenic spots, affected by congestion, some customers often find excuses or ask the acquaintances in the queue so as to jump the queue and complete their corresponding service as early as possible. In this paper, we model the queueing phenomenon in the ticket windows at scenic spots as a special queue, namely, the so-called "team queue." Although this phenomenon often happens in daily life, it is less well known to people. In a team queue, an arriving customer first searches the queue from the top to bottom to see if some of his teammates are already in the queue. If yes, he would join the queue and be served with his teammates; otherwise, he would join the queue at the tail. To this end, arising from the customers' perspective, the strategic behavior of queueing customers in the ticket windows at scenic spots is analyzed. On the basis of considering the waiting cost and reward, the individual strategies and social optimal strategies of queueing customers are derived, regarding the joining or balking dilemma and for the observable and unobservable cases. Finally, to demonstrate how various parameters affect the joining strategies, some numerical examples are provided.


Objective To study the desensitization therapy effect of Dermatophagoides farinae drops in allergic rhinitis,analyze the therapy effect with the IgE and the trace elements of manganese,provide the reference for clinical treatment.Methods Before using the Dermatophagoides farinae drops,determine the IgE level and trace elements manganese in the allergic rhinitis who were diagnosed,total 80 cases.Surveyed the treatment effect after one year,analyzed and compared with different IgE level and the trace element manganese.Results After using the Dermatophagoides farinae drops 1 year,the symptom improved percentage was the highest 74.7% in 2 groups.Symptoms improved percentage between groups was statistically significant(P0.05);the symptoms improved percentage of low manganese group was lower than the normal,there was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusions The effect of two groups(IgE 100~200 U/ml) was better than 1 group(IgE 0~100 U/ml) and three groups(IgE200 U/ml),three groups(IgE200 U/ml) was better than one group(IgE 0~100 U/ml);Low manganese group was worse than the normal group.


The expected increases in the thermal power of X-ray beams produced at the third-generation synchrotron radiation facilities may exceed the heat-load capabilities of the existing high-heat-load components with which the beams interact. An X-ray beam shutter is an example of such components. Typically made of GlidCop, it is used, as needed, to block the X-ray beam from entering the experimental area. Analyses show that the planned 50% increase in storage ring beam current (and thus beam heat load) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) will result in plastic strain in the shutter limiting its operational life. In order to develop a predictive model to estimate the number of cycles to failure, cooled GlidCop samples were thermally cycled 10,000 times under the high heat load of an X-ray beam from two inline APS undulators. Samples are examined for cracks, and crack size information is extracted for use in the model. In this paper, following some introductory remarks, we report on the characterization of the micron-size fatigue cracks in a sample GlidCop using high-energy X-ray absorption and phase-contrast tomography. It is shown that the current set up at beamline 1-ID at the APS is capable of nondestructive reconstruction of internal structure of the fatigued part with a resolution of 3 μm, which may further be improved to about 1 μm.


oscillator and more general bound systems C. Mawby∗ and J.J.Halliwell† Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London SW7 2BZ UK Abstract The Leggett-Garg (LG) inequalities were introduced to test for the possible presence of macroscopic quantum coherence. Since such effects may be found in various types of macroscopic oscillators, we consider the application of the LG approach to the one-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator and also to more general bound systems, using a single dichotomic variable Q given by the sign of the oscillator position. We present a simple method to calculate the temporal correlation functions appearing in the LG inequalities for any bound system for which the eigenspectrum is (exactly or numerically) known. We apply this result to the quantum harmonic oscillator for a variety of experimentally accessible states, namely energy eigenstates, and superpositions thereof. For the subspace of states spanned by only the ground state and first excited state, we readily find substantial regions of parameter space in which the LG inequalities at two, three and four times can each be independently violated or satisfied. We also find that the violations persist, although are reduced, when the sign function defining Q is smeared to reflect experimental imprecision. For higher energy eigenstates, we find that LG violations diminish, showing the expected classicalization. With a Q defined using a more general type of position coarse graining, we find two-time LG violations even in the ground state. We also show that two-time LG violations in a gaussian state are readily found if the dichotomic variable at one of the times is taken to be the parity operator. To demonstrate the versatility of the approach, we repeat much of the LG analysis for the Morse potential, finding qualitatively similar physical results.


In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for online regulation of a Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller parameters, which is used for angular position control of a permanent magnet (PM) DC motor. A conventional PID controller with constant gains fails to provide satisfactory results under time-varying operation conditions. In the proposed method, values of the proportional, integral and derivative coefficients of the controller are tuned based on error trend and are confined to a predetermined range. Therefore, performance of the system is kept as close as possible to a desired response. By using an innovative setup with variable parameters consisting of redundant brushed DC motors, the performance of the proposed control algorithm has been assessed extensively. To test the performance of both conventional PID and the proposed method, various experimental scenarios have been carried out. The obtained experimental results show improvements over regular PID both in transient and steady-state responses. As per diverse situations were held during experiments, in the strictest scenario improvements of 29.7%, 17.6% and 44.8% were achieved for the IAE, ISE and ITAE, respectively. Moreover, overshoot percentage enhancements are apparent in system responses.


To understand biological nature of Azolla japonica, whose taxonomy is controversial among researchers, similarities of twenty seven field populations of A. japonica that were collected from various areas in Japan were examined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, inreference to other Azolla species. The present study revealed the presence of at least two distinct groups in A. japonica; one that includes A. filiculoides specimen is distributed in a limited area, and another is distributed in wider areas.


The article previews the exhibition "Pacific Standard Time: Art in L.A. 1945-1980," to be held in museums, galleries, and freeways in southern California from October 2011 to April 2012.