Anthropogenically driven changes in bird communities on oceanic islands exemplify the biotic upheaval experienced by island floras and faunas. While the influence of invasions and extinctions on species richness and beta-diversity of island bird assemblages have been explored, little is known about the impact of these invasions and extinctions on phylogenetic diversity. Here we quantify phylogenetic diversity of island bird assemblages resulting from extinctions alone, invasions alone, and the combination of extinctions and invasions in the historic time period (1500 CE to the current), and compare it to the expected phylogenetic diversity that would result if these processes involved randomly selected island bird species. We assessed phylogenetic diversity and structure at the scale of the island (n =152), the archipelago containing the islands (n=22), and the four oceans containing the archipelagos using three measures. We found that extinction, invasion, and the combination of invasion and extinction generally resulted in lower phylogenetic diversity than expected, regardless of the spatial scale examined. We conclude that extinction and invasion of birds on islands are non-random with respect to phylogeny and that these processes generally leave bird assemblages with lower phylogenetic diversity than we would expect under random invasion or extinction.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


As a dimensionality reduction strategy, feature selection attempts to select small set of most important features from primary features by eliminating obsolete, data-redundant and non-relevant noisy features. This process of choosing a set of the original variables such that a model based on data containing only these features has the simplest output is known as feature selection. Feature Selection eliminates overfitting, increases model efficiency by removing redundant functions, and has the added benefit of maintaining the primary feature representation, resulting in improved accuracy. Good learning efficiency, results into higher machine learning model accuracy, lower cost of computation, and efficient model accuracy, is typically the product of feature selection. Recently, researchers in the area of computer vision, deep Learning, data mining, and other fields have shown that several feature selection algorithms resulted in the efficiency in their work through computational theory and research. This paper aims to examine the importance of feature selection in model accuracy. Feature selection is critical for various reasons, which include simplicity, performance, computational efficiency, and accuracy. It is often used in both supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios. These strategies can help boosting the productivity of various machine learning algorithms, as well as coaching. Feature selection decreases learning time and increases data consistency and comprehension.


This paper uses the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual's analysis procedure to investigate the operational benefits of having auxiliary lanes at isolated highway on-ramp junctions. The study scenarios cover only one-lane on-ramps but with different numbers of lanes on the highway, different highway and ramp volumes, and different lengths of auxiliary lanes. The first part of the study quantifies the reduction in density and improvement in the level of service in the merge influence area before and after the addition of auxiliary lanes of different lengths. The second part of the study uses level-of-service-improvement criteria to identify the design scenarios in which auxiliary lanes should be incorporated in on-ramp junctions. Tables of minimum lengths of auxiliary lanes provide guidance for design engineers. The outcomes of this research provide quantitative justifications for engineers to add auxiliary lanes at on-ramp junctions and suggest minimum lengths for these lanes.


Blood Pressure is chiefly determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, latter being the principal element in causation of established hypertensive state. Platelets being the source of various biogenic amines and cations, may have role in the understanding of pathophysiology of essential hypertension. It appears that altered platelet serotonin kinetics are relevant in hypertensive states. Platelets are also in an activated states in human hypertension. Platelcts activation releases various biogenic amines which contribute to hypertensive process. Platelets are akin to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCS). Thc raised platelet cytosolic calcium in hypertension indicates increased levels of ionic calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells which in turn raises peripheral vascular resistance and lead to hypertension.


Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage is becoming more frequent with increased traffic and loading conditions in the railway industry. Defects which are characterized by a two-lobe darkened surface and a V-shaped surface-breaking crack are often so-called squats. The origination and propagation of squats in railway rails is the topic of many recent studies; the associated crack networks develop with complicated geometry near the surface of rails that is difficult to characterise using most non-destructive methods. The cracks can be examined with repeated metallographic sectioning, but the process is time-consuming and destructive. In order to reduce time, as well as information and material loss, high-resolution and high-energy X-ray imaging of railway rails was done in the current study. Combining the exposures from a range of angles using image analysis, a 3D representation of the complex crack network is achieved. The latter was complemented with metallographic sectioning to determine the accuracy of prediction of the geometrical reconstruction.


Dr. Licia Mota, president of the Scientific Committee, explains the evaluation of the submitted papers and the main topics that will be addressed from August 10 to 12 in Miami.


The many national reports containing recommendations for change in our educational system have brought about high visibility, more accountability, and increased efforts for school improvement and school effectiveness. This heightened attention increases the pressure on educators and especially school leaders. In view of these pressures, the time may be right for making the leaders of our schools a target group for intensified inservice efforts; yet comprehensive renewal programs for administrators have been slower in developing than those for teachers. Perhaps this is because we have more researchbased knowledge about effective teaching than about effective leadership. Also, many school improvement programs emphasize improvement of instruction and teacher competence, resulting in a focus on professional growth activities for teachers rather than administrators. A growing body of research is available on effective practices in staff development, especially as it applies to teacher staff development. The National Staff Development Council (NSDC) frequently conducts two-day "Effective Practices in Staff Development" institutes in different locations around the country. These workshops highlight research and practice in staff development using existing inservice programs as models of exemplary practice. Seventy-five percent of the programs used


This paper examines the effect of supply chain and third party involvement on product innovation performance. The concept of supply chain network is studied as the type of external member collaboration for firm new product development. This study collected information about 208 manufacture firms from Taiwan; we investigated the contingent effect of supply chain member involvement on product innovation performance. The result indicate that external member involvement have positive impacts on a product innovation performance, and third party involvement within the supplier involvement is found to be as important a moderator for the relationship between external member involvement and product innovation performance. The relationship between customer involvement and market performance was positively moderated, but between supplier involvement and design performance was negatively moderated by third party involvement.


Teacher education and development has become one of the core issues in foreign language teaching,many of whose concepts and findings could have shed light on translation teaching.In foreign language education,teachers' personal theories are deemed as a key factor that affects classroom practice;it's also believed that how to help teachers build and develop sound personal theories should be the core of foreign language teacher education programs.The present paper finds these conceptions inspiring for translation teacher education.The author will focus on translation teaching(as opposed to interpreting teaching) and argues that translation teachers' personal theories are the first thing calling for attention in their professional growth.Only when the teachers acquire a due understanding of educational objectives,learning theory,curriculum design,the nature of a translator's task,translational competence,pedagogy,and object of study can they develop into an initiative-rich,independent instructor in translation courses,and facilitate effective learning on the part of the students.The paper will close with implications for translation teacher education programs.


Ventricular repolarization heterogeneity (VRH) is associated with the risk of arrhythmia and cardiac death. This study investigated the association between VRH and left ventricular mass (LVM) in renal transplant recipients 1 year after transplantation. Echocardiography and 5‐min 12‐lead electrocardiogram were recorded and GFR was estimated (eGFR) in 68 nondiabetic patients. Beat‐to‐beat QT interval variability algorithm was used to calculate SDNN‐QT and rMSSD‐QT indices of VRH. To quantify QT interval variability relative to heart rate fluctuations, QTRR index was calculated. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was present in 44 patients (65%). LVM and incidence of LVH were increased in 28 patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared with 40 patients with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (248 ± 61 g and 86% vs. 210 ± 46 g and 50%, respectively; p < 0.01). A direct correlation was found between LVM and SDNN‐QT (R = 0.47, R2= 0.23; p < 0.001), rMSSD‐QT (R = 0.27; R2= 0.10; p = 0.034), and QTRR (R = 0.55; R2= 0.31; p < 0.001) indices. In conclusion, greater LVM is associated with increased VRH in renal transplant recipients, providing a link with the high risk of arrhythmia and cardiac death, specifically in patients with decreased graft function.


[Objective]Perishing is a general phenomenon in the culture of Nostoc flaglliforme inside the room,thus leading to failure.It is valuable to probe the cultural condition and factors related to perishing.[Method]14 kinds of medium are prepared and used to culture in rooms in order to get the surface microorganism attached to N.flaglliforme and culture so as to observe their number and pattern of colony.[Result]During the period of 20 d,the sample perished to some degree,in which the loss from the group of original lixiviate solution from soil and local excrement of sheep was minimum in all the 15 groups(including one control group).About 6-7 colonies were obverted and the pattern of colony showed two kinds after extracts from N.flaglliforme were cultured.The N.flaglliforme could be kept fresh to 14 days at 28℃after the material was superficially sterilized absolutely.[Conclusion]The local lixiviate solution from soil and the original excrement from sheep help to hold the weight of N.flaglliforme in cultural period.Its perishing was closely related to the growth of microorganism adhere to exterior silk body.It's beneficial to retain its vitality when the water was supplied one time every 1 or 2 days.


With rapid advances in technology, E-learning has been widely used not only in language classrooms but also in remedial instruction. In Taiwan, empirical research has shown that E-learning is effective in assisting slow learners to improve their English learning. The purpose of the study was to explore six 6th graders' perception of E-learning integrated into their remedial English classes. Data were collected through preand postquestionnaire, and individual and group interviews with the students. The findings reveal that these students held different attitudes toward the use of E-learning and encountered varying obstacles during the program. The paper concludes with suggestions for teaching and future research.


The nonlinear vibration differential equation of diesel shafting subject to harmonic moment is established by means of Lagrange equation.According to the method of multiple scales for the nonlinear vibration the first approximate solution of 1/3 subharmonic resonance of the system is obtained.The area where 1/3 subharmonic resonance exists is given,numerical analysis of the influences of the excitation,dunting parameter and damping on the system are given too.At last,the simulation analysis is made by means of Simulink model.


Paying great attention the use of the"misunderstanding"is due to either the distinguishing property of the forms of drama which need the life be dramatic,or the basic need which literature and art mirror the actual life.Without the"misunderstanding",there would be no the literature and art.All of the writers can be rated as the experts who are good at using the"misunderstanding"and creating the excellent works.The"misunderstanding"being used in drama are many and varied,being limited to the space on a printed page,the article here merely according to the using of it that been called the"misunderstanding",makes a through inquiry.


Objective To understand Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c bacterial infection among diarrhea patients and explore the drug sensitivity of the isolated strains in Yuyao,Zhejiang.Methods Stool or anal swab specimens were collected from diarrhea patients for Shigella flexneri testing.The culture,isolation and identification of Shigella flexneri serotypes were performed according to the National Standard Protocol of GB/T 4789.5-2003 and WS 287-2008.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was completed with the National Standard Protocol of WS/T 125-1999.Results A total of 440 diarrhea specimens were tested.The positive rate of Shigella flexneri was 5.0%(22/440).Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c was the major subserotype of the isolated bacterial strains(50%,11/22).The isolated strains were 100% sensitive to cefoxitin,ceftazidime,cefotaxime,gentamycin,amikacin,obramycin,netilmicin and imipenem,81.82% sensitive to ceftriaxone and cefoperazone,and 72.28% sensitive to norfloxacin.Drug resistance was found in the other 9 tested antibiotics.Eleven strains had multiple drug resistance.Conclusion Shigella flexneri subserotype 1c bacterial infection played an important role in diarrhea in Yuyao,Zhejiang.It is important to select sensitive drugs for clinical treatment.


The current Australian Government policy calls for every house, school and business in Australia to get access to 'affordable fast broadband' over an eight-year period in a National Broadband Network. There has been much discussion about the viability of this policy and the associated NBN Co, but much less about the technical implementation of this policy.The article looks at the techniques likely to be used to provide fast broadband to individual dwellings, techniques which will have to provide access to over 4000 dwellings each day to realise the Australian Governments policy.


A new kabuki theatre called the Shintomi-za opened in 1878, far outside the existing theatre district in Tokyo. Although it was a kabuki theatre, its simple facade resembled Western architecture (plate I) and it lacked the big thrust stage that characterized the Edo era kabuki theatres. The Shintomi-za was the second theatre built by Morita Kanya (I846-1897), owner of one of the three licensed theatres under the Tokugawa shogun's regime. In 1872, after the 1868 takeover of the government, Kanya built a new theatre, the Morita-za, marking the beginning of a significant transformation of the Japanese theatre structure. In 1875, the financially beleaguered Kanya relinquished ownership and reorganized the Morita-za into a company, naming it the Shintomi-za. When the theatre burned down in 1876, production continued in a nearby makeshift house, and Kanya immediately embarked on rebuilding the theatre. The new theatre, the second Shintomi-za, was completed in 1878 and accelerated the transformation initiated by the Morita-za. With all the public attention it received, the Shintomi-za inaugurated a new era for kabuki theatres.


Objective. Previous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) studies have demonstrated antinociceptive effects, and recent noninvasive approaches, termed transcutaneous-vagus nerve stimulation (t-VNS), have utilized stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve in the ear. The dorsal medullary vagal system operates in tune with respiration, and we propose that supplying vagal afferent stimula- tion gated to the exhalation phase of respiration can optimize t-VNS.


The catering industry is an important part of the basic needs of people's livelihood, with frequent foot traffic, a high concentration of people, and relatively closed space characteristics. The characteristics of the catering industry make it particularly vulnerable to the COVID-19 epidemic. This study examines quarterly data on the catering industry's GDP, electricity consumption, and epidemic indicators in China from 2016-March to 2022-June by using correlation analysis, Granger causality testing, vector auto-regression, and vector error correction models. Fruitful findings are derived. (1) Catering industry's GDP shows a significant positive correlation with electricity consumption, while there is a negative correlation with total cases, deaths, new cases, and deaths of the COVID-19 epidemic. (2) Catering industry's electricity consumption, total cases, and new deaths from COVID-19 are Granger causes of the catering industry's GDP. (3) The current COVID-19 outbreak will have a long-lasting negative impact on catering GDP for the next six months. Based on these findings, concrete policy recommendations are made to promote the catering industry, which should assist the industry in recovering from the outbreak of COVID-19.


We propose a novel electronic quantum interferometer which exhibits strong quantum interference effects in the ballistic regime. This behavior is produced without introducing additional barriers along the electronic path. Rather, by modulating the channel width of one of the arms in a multiply connected quantum nanoconstriction, one can produce an effect similar to that of an applied retarding gate potential. Strong conductance oscillations are then produced by quantum interference between phase‐lagged propagating subbands in the different channels. We present results for typical structures, and discuss the dependence of these effects on electron path length and temperature.


When the word rationing is used in health care, it immediately evokes strong emotions, and usually in a negative connotation. Politicians favoring status quo certainly employ the word to generate fear and opposition to changes in the health care delivery and financing systems. When managed care was proposed as a mechanism to control rising costs in the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was widespread use of the argument that managed care would "start" rationing health care. In the recent health reform proposals, the same argument was used, that it would "start" rationing health care services. Even President Obama sought a less emotion-laden word to convey the changes proposed in the recent reform legislation, rather than acknowledging that the proposed reform legislation would change how health care services are rationed. However, neither of these restructuring activities (managed care or health care reform) would start rationing health care services—health care services have always been rationed and will always need to be rationed. No society can afford to provide to individuals every health care service that might be beneficial (or that a member of society wants); there has to be some way of limiting the use of health care services. Because resources are not unlimited, choices must be made regarding how those limited, or scarce, resources are


The No Child Left Behind Act emphasized the need to do what university teacher preparation programs have been doing for years - look for ways to improve the development of preservice teachers. Because there are many aspects of preservice teacher preparation, research should begin at the most important aspect of such preparation. In agricultural education, literature points to student teaching being the most important aspect, particularly the student teachercooperating teacher interaction within student teaching. The purpose of the study was to determine if personality type, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI ® ), influences the psychosocial support cooperating teachers of agricultural education at the University of Missouri-Columbia and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign provided their student teachers. Both student teachers and cooperating teachers are more S, T, and J, according to the MBTI ® . According to both student teachers and cooperating teachers, cooperating teachers are providing psychosocial assistance to student teachers, but differently across the five psychosocial functions. Personality type was not found to be influential in predicting psychosocial assistance.


Abstract Previous investigations have noted that: (1) women have been noted to typically start most of the marital conflict discussions in laboratories that use observational methods, (2) the way conflict discussions start is also critical in predicting both their outcome and the longitudinal course of marriages, and (3) in distressed marriages there is a wife-demand/husband-withdraw pattern. Coupled with the fact that women begin most marital conflict discussions, this gender pattern could be taken as blaming women for marital distress, unless it itself has an etiology. The present investigation was designed so that a non-conflict interaction, an events of the day reunion discussion after the partners had been apart for at least 8 hours, preceded the conflict discussion. The data of this investigation showed that the dysfunctional patterns of conflict interaction were predicted by husband as well as wife interaction variables during the preceding non-conflict interaction. These results qualify the interp...


680 Background: Aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in patients with breast cancer accelerates bone turnover with increased secretion and excretion of bone turnover markers. Here, we report the effect...


It has been observed that small openings in forests accumulate more snow than do adjacent forest overstories (Gary and Troendle, 1982; Golding and Swanson, 1978; Hansen and Ffolliott, 1968; Rothacher, 1965). This increased snow pack, in turn, can result in water yield improvements from upstream watersheds. To better understand this phenomenon, a snow hydrology study was initiated in the mixed conifer forests of the White Mountains, located in east -central Arizona, during the winter of 1982 -83. This paper reports the preliminary findings of this work.


The present invention relates to apparatus and to provide policy for supporting the terminal apparatus to change the connection method between heterogeneous networks. For providing apparatus and the terminal apparatus according to the policy of the present invention, the terminal device access to one or more data services network. This strategy provides a network device is provided to change the policy to the terminal apparatus, the network service policy change state information regarding the service identification data of the terminal device, and obtains a connection to a particular network and change the service status information corresponding to the identified. The terminal apparatus based on the received policy change the access network determines whether the terminal device a particular network to be accessed, and attempts to access the specific network, so as to change the terminal device can access the access in the case of The internet.


Let $G$ be a finite group acting on a ring $R$ and $H$ a subgroup of $G$. In this paper we compare some homological dimensions over the skew group rings $RG$ and $RH$. Moreover, under the assumption that $RG$ is a separable extension over $RH$, we show that the skew group rings $RG$ and $RH$ share some properties such as being $n$-Gorenstein, $n$-perfect, $n$-coherent, $(n,d)$, Ding-Chen or IF-rings.


The development of efficient magnetic adsorbents is highly desirable for water treatment. In this work, MnFe2O4 and Fe3O4 were prepared by a lignosulfonate-assisted hydrothermal method. The structu...


The formation of the learning aspirations of primary school pupils is influenced by parents, the school environment, and also the pupils' goals and vision in what they want to achieve in learning and special interest activities. What are primary school pupils' interest preferences and what factors influence the pupils' learning aspirations? Our aim was to ascertain pupils' special interest preferences in the context of their approach to learning. Our purpose is to ascertain the links between the popularity of subjects and special interest activities that pupils choose from similar or related fields. A 5-point scale questionnaire with 27 items validated by factor analysis with a load of 6 factors with a total reliability of 0.8 was distributed amongst primary school pupils (N = 332). Cluster analysis showed that the pupils are divided into two groups: active pupils, who declared different interest preferences, mostly sports (61.3%), and passive (M = 19.5%), who were not interested in informal learning, preferring mobile, tablet and computer games (M = 34.1%) or who did not respond at all. Our analysis of the data thus obtained confirmed that pupils have personal motivation for learning and it is important for them to achieve the best results at school. Not only pupils' own attitude, but also the support through special interest activities contributes to pupils' activation and efforts to achieve good results in school and in leisure activities. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


System in C₃A-Gypsum, hydration analysis was carried out by ²⁷Al MAS-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis and X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis. As a result, in the presence of Gypsum, C₃A hydration divided into three stages. First stage, degree of C₃A hydration remains at constant value. Second stage, C₃A hydration rapidly proceeds. Third stage, C₃A hydration calms down. In first stage, amorphous phase remains at constant amount and AFt is formed until second stage. In second stage, amorphous phase rapidly increase at the same time of converting AFt into AFm. In third stage, AFt increase and amorphous phase slowly decrease. It has been shown that the amorphous phase which is generated in the early period of C₃A hydration should be a low crystallinity AFm, the amount of amorphous material remained at nearly constant amount until the disappearance of Ettringite, and rapidly increase at the same time as the disappearance of Ettringite. Composition of amorphous minerals is determined from the results which are obtained from X-ray diffraction Rietveld analysis. In addition, the amount of minerals in amorphous phase was calculated by measurements of ²⁷Al MAS-NMR and separation each materials of chemical shifts which are include Al. As a result, it was implied that there was the possibility of existence of aluminum hydroxide gel in the amorphous phase. At an early period, it was implied that the amorphous materials was C-A-H including sulfate ion. At a latter period, it was implied that crystal AFm is produced from AFt-like gel through AFm-like gel. C₃A-Gypsum系において、XRD・リートベルト解析および²⁷Al MAS-NMR測定により水和解析を行った。その結果、非晶質量はAFtが消失するまでほぼ一定量で推移し、AFtの消失と同時に急激に増加することが示された。XRDより得られた結果から非晶質物質の組成を決定した。また、NMRスペクトルをAlの化学シフト値で分離することで、非晶質物質中の鉱物量を算出した。その結果、非晶質物質中にアルミナゲルが存在する可能性が示唆された。材齢初期における非晶質物質は硫酸イオンを含むC-A-Hであることが示唆された。材齢後期では、AFt様のゲル状水和物からAFm様のゲル状水和物を経てAFmを生成する可能性が示唆された。


High-precision motion systems are being pushed to the limit in terms of speed and accuracy. Although system designs are typically driven by rigidity, performance is deteriorated by the presence of relatively high eigenfrequencies. Philips Innovation Services invests in research how to cope with such system limitations. One of the research projects is called Xtreme Motion. This project aims at developing new methodologies driven by next-generation lithography equipment for 450 mm wafers. A commonly used design procedure is to start with the hardware design using first principles or FEM modelling. As a second step, control strategies are chosen and performance is being evaluated. To obtain a balanced mechatronic design, most likely a number of design iterations will follow. Hence, the hardware designers get feedback how they should improve the hardware design such that better system performance can be obtained. This iterative process will continue until the performance requirements are met. As complexity of high-precision equipment increases, this design process tends to cost more time and effort. For high-precision motion systems, feedforward control is considered to be one of the most important ways to improve servo performance. Therefore, many flavours of feedforward control exist in both theory and practice. As feedforward control and system's dynamics are closely related, there is a two-way dependency in their designs. Therefore it makes sense to steer the system's dynamics using knowledge about the applied control strategies. Besides the typically used eigenfrequency specification, also other specifications could be relevant: mass, stiffness, variation in dynamics, linearity, and actuator/sensor selection.


In a European context, the privatization of military tasks is often associated with the use of Western private contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, there are increasing reports of other state actors turning to private military services. Outsourcing the government's security functions to private providers, or creating new security tasks for nominally private security providers, is thus not only a Western phenomenon.


The river perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) is most active in the daytime hours, and displays seasonal changes of diel rhythm with a break of the rhythm in spring and autumn. In the present work data were obtained on the motor activity of 3 perch measuring l8-20 cm, caught by net in the littoral of a reservoir and spawned under laboratory conditions. The degree of intensity of movement of perch was judged by special experiments. The results are summarised in this short paper.


Mobile Crowd-Sensing (MCS) is gradually extended to the edge network to reduce the delay of data transmission and improve the ability of data processing. However, a challenge is that there are still loopholes in the protection of privacy data, especially in location-based services. The attacker can reconstruct the location relationship network among the correlation about the environment information, identity information, and other sensing data provided by mobile users. Moreover, in the edge environment, this kind of attack is more accurate and more threatening to the location privacy information. To solve this problem, we propose a location privacy protection scheme (ELPPS) for a mobile crowd-sensing network in the edge environment, to protect the position correlation weight between sensing users through differential privacy. We use the grid anonymous algorithm to confuse the location information in order to reduce the computing cost of edge nodes. The experiment results show that the proposed framework can effectively protect the location information of the sensing users without reducing the availability of the sensing task results, and has a low delay.


The purpose of the present article is to present a case of fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia with six months' progression and an atypical location. The lesion originated from an ill-fitting upper denture, caused by a low- intensity chronic trauma. Surgerical therapy involved the total removal of the lesion and suspension of the irritant agents, culminating in an excellent postoperative period with no recurrence. Descriptors: Hyperplasia; Complete Denture; Precancerous Conditions.


Influenza virus was used as antigen to immunize laying chicken.The immunized egg yolks were isolate by two-step salt outing and one-step gel filtration methods to obtain purified IgY,of which purity is over 95% by SDS-PAGE analysis.The purified IgY was digested with pepsin (pH=4,37℃) to obtain smaller antibody Fab.The reaction activities of IgY and Fab was analyzed comparatively by competitive ELISA method,which shows digested IgY remaining about 70% of initial activity.


Mandarin and Cantonese, though are both Chinese, exhibit differences in L2 English pronunciation, especially in obstruent codas. For the reason that only nasals -n, -m and -ng can be found at coda in Mandarin whereas apart from nasals, unreleased consonants -p -t and -k exits as well in Cantonese, it is reasonable to believe that L1 transfer makes influences on modifying codas for L2 learners. This present study aims at comparing the strategies used by Mandarin and Cantonese speakers in coda modification and resyllabification. By embedding the stimuli in a natural conversation, room-cleaning task, data are elicited and analyzed by Praat. Results indicates that up to 93% of codas are released by Mandarin speakers and 41% of those are unreleased by Cantonese speakers. Further, instead of epenthesizing vocalic elements, Mandarin speakers are found to strongly aspirate the codas with 58%, which contradicts most of the previous studies claiming that epenthesis is the main modification used among Mandarin L2 le...


THE evolution of a preventive outlook a doctor practising a developing country slow of a preventive of of and A further the the of


The 27 September 2021 damaging mainshock (Mw6.0) is the first known strong earthquake that ruptured the Arkalochori area, Crete Isl., Greece, during the entire historical period, making it an unexpected event in the long-term sense. The area is characterized by the presence of the normal active Kastelli Fault (KF) striking NNE-SSW and dipping towards ~WNW. The KF, of surface exposure only ~6 km, at its southern tip is truncated by the nearly perpendicular active Nipiditos fault. The main shock was preceded by foreshock activity lasting for ~3.9 months, thus the mainshock turned out to be an expected event in the short-term sense. Maximum ground subsidence of ~20 cm was estimated from InSAR images, but this also incorporates deformation that may have been caused by the largest aftershock (Mw5.1) of 28 September 2021. The fault model produced from the inversion of InSAR observations indicated strike 216°, dip towards ~NW at angle 53°, rake −95°, and is consistent with fault-plane solutions obtained from routine moment tensor analysis. The geodetic seismic moment calculated from the Okada's formalism is 1.14 × 1018 N·m (Mw6.0), while a maximum slip of 1.03 m was found at depths from 3.5 km to 5 km. The entire aftershock epicenters cloud strikes a ~SW-NE direction but is distributed in two clusters, the southern and the northern ones. The foreshock cloud, the main slip patch, the deformation area, and the strongest aftershocks all fall within the southern cluster. The foreshocks concentration at the deepest edge of the main slip patch was a foreshadow of the mainshock nucleation area. The northern cluster, which is very likely due to the gradual expansion of aftershocks, is situated in the KF hanging wall block. To interpret the main seismic slip in the southern cluster area we propose the existence of a buried KF segment at the SSW-wards prolongation of the emerged at the surface segment. Assuming a rectangular seismic fault stress drop Δσ~7 bars was found. However, for a circular fault area, which in this case is more realistic, we get Δσ = 55 bars. This is a relatively large value for Greek earthquakes but is explainable by increased fault rigidity as a result of the long repeat time of strong earthquakes in KF.


Predictive simulation analytics can be used for Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to become more competitive. SMEs tried to implement the lean manufacturing for improving the competitiveness. The future-state Value Stream Mapping (VSM) of the lean manufacturing could not be implemented at the shop floor level. So the simulation is used as predictive analytics for the future-state VSM. The objective of this paper is to analysis the future-state mapping of VSM for the implementation of lean manufacturing using predictive analytics. The predictive simulation models were analyzed to understand the current state and future state mapping of VSM. Predictive simulation analytics of VSM is an appropriate analytical tool for implementation of lean manufacturing in SMEs for improving competitiveness.


This study examines the relationship between corporate real estate (CRE) holdings and stock returns before and after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). We find that (1) the United States and the United Kingdom show a negative relationship before the GFC and positive after the GFC. (2) Firms that pay positive tax or have positive R&D investments are not systematically different from the full sample. This finding cannot support the "scarce capital" theory or the tax incentive explanation, but it is consistent with the "empire building" theory. After the GFC, financial constraints tightened, and both CRE holding and stock returns dropped. (3) European (excluding the United Kingdom) sample shows a positive relationship in the pre-crisis period. This finding is compatible with the "illiquidity premium" theory. However, the association becomes inconclusive in the post-crisis period. (3) The Japanese sample shows a negative association between CRE and stock returns in the pre-crisis period, like the United States and the United Kingdom. However, the relationship becomes statistically insignificant in the post-crisis period, consistent with the theory of financial constraint tightening after the GFC. JEL Classification: E44, G10, G30


Various moment invariants have been developed for object recognition applications. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study of different moment invariants with respect to perspective transformation. Perspective transformations are induced by the lens of the human eye or an optical system. A physical model of the perspective transformation is given. concepts of Zernike moments and regular moments are discussed and their derivation compared. Their corresponding rotational, scale, and translational invariance properties are presented. A group of quadratic form perspective moment invariants is also introduced. Comparisons and estimations are made on the performance and properties of these invariants in object recognition from both a theoretical and a computational point of view. After the overall estimation, it is shown that the most effective way in recognizing object under perspective transformation is to use quadratic form invariants.


In this paper, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was applied to predict the dynamic-mechanical properties of carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy composite. The Standard Test Method for Measuring Vibration-Damping Properties of Materials (ASTM E-756) was used for a cantilever beam that gives experimental curves of magnitude versus time. The composite is used in aeronautics and its configuration is [0o/45o/90o/0o]S. A multilayered neural network perceptron (MLP) was used, and the results showed that the application of the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm leads to a high predictive quality to epoxy composites, i.e. nearly 64% of standard error of prediction was found to be >0.9. The initial tests considered a simple architecture  2-[30-30]2-1 resulting in low predictive quality. However, increasing the number of neurons in the hidden layers resulted in an enhancement in an optimized architecture composed by 2-[100-100]2-1 neurons.


This paper analyzed the formation and disease characteristics of black cotton soil foundation of highway construction project in Africa,and specifically elaborated the black cotton soil foundation treatment scheme and control measures combining with Ethiopia highway practical project,and provided reference for future construction enterprises overseas to treat similar foundation.


ABSTRACT The Afrodiasporic experience after the Armageddon of slavery, Afrofuturism has long theorized, is essentially post-apocalyptic. However, while the end of the world is conceptually at the heart of the Afrofuturist imagination, it is still relatively rare as a diegetic event. This article seeks to highlight how two British films, Ngozi Onwurah's dystopian Welcome II the Terrordome (1994) and Mo Ali's Shank (2010) explore the ambivalence of Black British futurity as imagined under the conditions of such new apocalypses. With recourse to the Public Enemy-inspired Armageddon effect and the resulting modernist alienation/Alien Nation, Terrordome's and Shank's engagements with the apocalypse address Afrofuturism's inherent complication of resulting from a critique of Armageddon, without, however, reproducing its (epistemological) violence. In so doing, this article outlines how both films seek to make visible the potency of Afrofuturist filmmaking to reclaim the genres, traits, tropes, and narrative mechanisms of futurity even under the most averse, antiblack future conditions. Central to such considerations are both films' Afrofuturistic chronopolitics of circularity and simultaneity, as well as their self-reflexive engagement with Afrofuturist tropes, such as the Igbo Landing Myth (Terrordome) or spatial transgressions and the erasure of cartographic sureties, such as clearly delineated borders (Shank).


ABSTRACT People with mental health concerns are over-represented in police-involved deaths in Canada. Calls for alternative responses to people in crisis have generated interest in programs that partner police with mental health professionals. This review summarizes what is known about the effectiveness of co-response programs in meeting client and community needs. Methods followed PRISMA-ScR standards. Eight studies evaluating Canadian co-response programs were included. Co-response programs can reduce involuntary hospital transport, improve referrals, and decrease emergency department wait times. Research is needed to determine whether they reduce the use of force and meet client's needs in the community.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics,differential diagnosis,therapy and prognosis of primary sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma.Methods With review of literature,the clinicolpathologic data were retrospectively analyzed while characteristics of morphology and immunohistochemisty of the tumor cells were observed in 4 patients with primary sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma.Results The primary sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma was diagnosed in 3 female patients and 1 male with mean age of 75.5(65-90) years.The clinical manifestation was nasal obstruction,epistaxis or neoplasm.Microscopically,the heteromorphism of the tumor cells was great and the morphologic features were various.The tumor consisted mainly of epithelioid cells and/or small round cells with local spindle cells.Melanin was noticed only in part of the cases and myxoid change was found in one case.Still we observed in one case that pigmented mucosal melanoma cells became bigger in size and hypopigmented with clear cytoplasm,so-called "balloon degeneration",after local recurrence.Immunohistochemisty showed that the tumor cells were all positive for HMB45,vimentin and S-100 protein in a varying degree,but NSE,LCA,SMA,CD99 and desmin negative,while focal and weak-positive expression of CK and CD68 was also noted in one cases,and Ki-67 expressied in a different level.Conclusion The primary sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma is rare and highly heterogenous.The application of immunohistochemistry plays an important role in its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.


Objectives To develop and validate a clinical risk score that can accurately quantify the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting to an emergency department without the need for laboratory testing. Design Cohort study of participants in the Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network (CCEDRRN) registry. Regression models were fitted to predict a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result using clinical and demographic predictors, as well as an indicator of local SARS-CoV-2 incidence. Setting 32 emergency departments in eight Canadian provinces. Participants 27 665 consecutively enrolled patients who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in participating emergency departments between 1 March and 30 October 2020. Main outcome measures Positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test result within 14 days of an index emergency department encounter for suspected COVID-19 disease. Results We derived a 10-item CCEDRRN COVID-19 Infection Score using data from 21 743 patients. This score included variables from history and physical examination and an indicator of local disease incidence. The score had a c-statistic of 0.838 with excellent calibration. We externally validated the rule in 5295 patients. The score maintained excellent discrimination and calibration and had superior performance compared with another previously published risk score. Score cut-offs were identified that can rule-in or rule-out SARS-CoV-2 infection without the need for nucleic acid testing with 97.4% sensitivity (95% CI 96.4 to 98.3) and 95.9% specificity (95% CI 95.5 to 96.0). Conclusions The CCEDRRN COVID-19 Infection Score uses clinical characteristics and publicly available indicators of disease incidence to quantify a patient's probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The score can identify patients at sufficiently high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to warrant isolation and empirical therapy prior to test confirmation while also identifying patients at sufficiently low risk of infection that they may not need testing. Trial registration number NCT04702945.


We derive explicit recursions for the ground state degeneracy generating functions of the one-dimensional Nicolai model and Nicolai model. Both are examples of lattice models with supersymmetry. The relations that we obtain for the model were numerically predicted by Sannomiya, Katsura, and Nakayama.


Recent evidence suggests that after repeated stimulations with inactivated C. albicans (CA) cells, CD2F1 mice respond with a cytokine pattern typical of T‐helper 1 (Th1) subset development. The purpose of this study was to analyse the sequence of immunological events which, soon after priming mice with CA, lead to the development of primary and anamnestic response. A comprehensive kinetics analysis of cytokine mRNA expression was performed by Northern blot assay, in peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), at different phases of immune response to CA: after priming (one i.p. injection of 2×107 CA cells/mouse), during development of the primary immune response (five progressive CA i.p. injections over a 2‐week period) and in the anamnestic response (CA booster 30days after the primary response). In vitro assays were performed 2 and 24hr after every CA stimulation. The response to CA priming was characterized by an early and high expression of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and IL‐1β mRNAs. At 24hr, IL‐2 mRNA was still at a high level, while IL‐1β had greatly decreased. A weak expression of IL‐10 was only induced at 2hr, whereas IL‐12 p40 subunit, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), IL‐4 and IL‐5 mRNAs were undetectable. In this phase no in vitro proliferative response of PEC to CA was observed, whereas a significant natural killer (NK) activity was induced. From the second CA injection, the IFN‐γ mRNA was already induced at 2hr. Its expression level increased progressively with the number of CA injections persisting up to 24hr after the fifth stimulation. A progressive increase of IL‐2 mRNA expression was also induced whereas IL‐1β and IL‐10 mRNAs were always transiently expressed at 2hr at levels similar to those observed after the priming. IL‐12 p40 subunit, IL‐4 and IL‐5 mRNAs were never detectable. The expression of this selected cytokine pattern typical of Th1 response was correlated with the development of CA‐specific T lymphocytes as confirmed by the in vitro proliferative response of CA‐5d‐induced PEC to CA. NK activity also increased progressively with the number of CA injections and after the fifth stimulation lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity was also induced. The anamnestic response to CA was characterized by a very quick induction of high levels of IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐1β mRNAs. IL‐2 and IFN‐γ mRNAs remained high up to 24hr while IL‐1β mRNA decreased strongly. A weak, transient expression of IL‐10 mRNA was induced at 2hr whereas the IL‐12 p40 subunit, IL‐4 and IL‐5 mRNAs were not detectable. The presence of CA‐specific memory lymphocytes was confirmed by the in vitro specific proliferative response of PEC to CA. CA booster caused also a very rapid and high level of NK/LAK activation. In conclusion, these results indicate that CA is able to progressively trigger differentiation of the Th1 subset which develops in the absence of IL‐12, and that Th memory cells retain the same selected Th1 cytokine profile developed in the primary immune response.


The topic of this study is the assessment of the recent developments in the territorial ("intermediate") institutional system of Hungarian public administration, the main embodiment of governmental authority in the realm of territorial public administration. In the following pages, I embark on to find out whether there exists an international trend in the evolution of state administrative systems, and if it does, how is it related to Hungarian methods and regulations. My conclusion is that while the effective Hungarian regulations tend to be similar to international tendencies in their basics, they are far from being identical. They are rather parallel phenomena: similarly to foreign trends, Hungarian tendencies of development aspire to reimagining the territorial representation of the government; the methods, however, are substantially different. I am fully convinced that besides retaining their classic roles in public administration, the current financial-economic crisis will transform the territorial bodies of government to a strategic agent of local social-economic tendencies.


This paper describes a robust and efficient method for interference calculation between polyhedral solids. The method treats geometrical elements as incident each other when their intersection is ambiguous because of numerical errors. After the incident information is generated as topological constraints from minimal geometrical judgements, it is modified to hold consistent relations and utilized to generate a topological structure of an output solid. A cluster, which is a set of coincident intersection points, is deduced from the constraints for points, and a local structure at the intersection is determined symbolically with the face sequence around the cluster. Further, high-precision arithmetic is used partially not to cause larger errors than the tolerance. Using these algorithms, consistent results are shown to be always obtained efficiently.


Abstract: A Japanese microhylid, Microhyla okinavensis, originally described from Okinawajima Island, middle Ryukyus, was long synonymized with M. ornata from India. However, molecular phylogenetic studies revealed its distinct species status from M. ornata, and more recent phylogenetic study revealed the population from the Yaeyama Group of the southern Ryukyus to be a sister taxon to Chinese M. mixtura and not to populations from the remaining group of the Ryukyus, that are sister to another Chinese species, M. beilunensis. The Yaeyama and the remaining Ryukyu populations greatly differ phylogenetically, although less clearly morphologically. From these data, we consider the Yaeyama population as a species distinct from M. okinavensis from the middle Ryukyus.


E-Health is an application of information and communication technologies across the whole range of functions that affect health. E-SkinCare Advisor is a mediator in bringing various health services to your door step. Skin advisor will help you in e-treatment of illnesses in time so that you are saved from distress. The currently available health care systems contain the information in the scattered form which makes it difficult for the user to acquire the accurate and relevant information about healthcare for a particular disease. It also creates a state of confusion for the users about the kind of treatment he should undergo. The proposed system of E- Skincare advisor provides an easy diagnosis of the disease by asking certain questions to the user. It also provides the initial care and treatment in three different fields of medicine, case studies and expert advices at fingertips like a smart system.


Dr. Ralph Coan is not well known to the general public. Originally, we had wanted to interview him as he was the medical director of the first acupuncture center in the United States that opened in the early 1970s. We wanted to know more about that center's history. Prior to visiting Dr. Coan, we found an article written by Dr. Sherman Cohn that mentioned Dr. Coan. The article noted that Dr. Coan was the founder of the American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, which is the national association of acupuncturists and Chinese medicine practitioners in the United States. While interviewing Dr. Coan on February 18, 2012, it became apparent that he truly is a leading light in establishing acupuncture as a profession in the United States. Dr. Coan is 75 years old and retired several years ago from his busy medical practice in Kensington, Maryland, USA. As he had recently partially recovered from a stroke while also suffering from heart disease, he could not talk much (Figure 1, Dr. Coan was in the interview). To collect further information about him, we also consulted his former colleagues and relatives, and researched articles written about him.


Pectolite is triclinic, space group P r, with 15 nonhydrogen atoms in the asymmetric unit. Its crystal structure has been determined by solving the three PATTERSON projections by the use of image-seeking functions. The PATTERSON projection P(xz) was solved after finding two conjugate peaks on the map. These located two sets of inversion peaks upon each of which a scaled minimum function was based. These two functions of rank 2 were combined to give the more powerful minimum function of rank 4. This was such a good approximation to the electron density that the general nature of the structure could be deduced from it. 1 M. J. BUERGER, The arrangement of atoms in crystals of the wollastonite group of meta silicates. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 42 (1956) 113-116. Crystal Structure of Pectolite, Ca2NaHSi309 249 The PATTERSONprojections P (xy) and P (yz), and their solution by minimum functions (as well as other evidence) suggested that pectolite has a sub. structure, so that it became possible to apply substructure theory2, 3. Accordingly, the partial PATTERSON projections a P (xy) and a P (yz) were computed and solved for the locations of the atoms of the complement structure. The three projections of pectolite were refined by successive FOURIER syntheses and by difference maps. The structure of pectolite has already been described1. It is based upon single silica chains differing from the pyroxene-type chains. The Na atoms have an unorthodox environment, and show considerable anisotropic th(3rmal motion. The hydrogen atoms bond together oxygen atoms of two different tetrahedra.


How does a museum make sure that the collection of an artist's work does not become a static monument? This was the question posed by the Mane-Katz Museum in Haifa (Israel) as it set out some twenty years ago on an ambitious programme to contribute to the country's artistic culture. Using the legacy of Mane-Katz as a springboard for exploring the larger artistic milieu in which he lived and worked, the museum has aroused the public's interest and curiosity and ensured a constant stream of visitors.


The invention discloses an efficient multi-field-coordination fine particulate matter removal device and an efficient multi-field-coordination fine particulate matter removal method. The device comprises an outer field coagulation area, a direct current dust pre-collecting area, a pulse charge coagulation area and a direct current dust collecting area which are connected in sequence, wherein water steam and a chemical agglomeration agent are introduced from a nozzle of the outer field coagulation area respectively; the direct current dust pre-collecting area and the direct current dust collecting area are arranged in a line-plate type symmetric structure, a line electrode applies negative direct current high voltage, and a plate electrode is grounded and adopts layout of a water film electrode; the pulse charge coagulation area is arranged in the line-plate type symmetric structure, the line electrode applies positive pulse high voltage, and the plate electrode is grounded and adopts layout of the water film electrode. The device and the method aim at mineral particulate matters discharged by a fixed source; aerosol particulate matters, particularly fine particulate matters, can be subjected to efficient coagulation removal in a structural form of double coagulation areas and double dust collecting areas by using a multi-field-coordination method combined by a phase-change coagulation growth technology, a chemical agglomeration and flocculation mechanism and an electric coagulation technology, so that the phenomena of back corona, re-entrainment of dust, ash deposition and corrosion of the plate electrode are effectively avoided.


Mathematical modelling has become a useful and commonly-used tool in the analysis of infectious disease dynamics. Understanding disease spread is of considerable importance for public health planning and the prevention of future outbreaks, and mathematical analysis of disease outbreaks offers insight which may not be so easily obtained through direct biological study.
One key aspect, in mathematical analysis of infectious diseases specifically, is that generally the epidemic process is only partially observed. We might be able to identify the time at which infective individuals become symptomatic or recover, but rarely are we able to observe when infection began, or from whom it was transmitted. This leads to a number of complications with analysis, which will be a focus of this work.
The first part of this thesis describes a full Bayesian analysis for such an outbreak with only partial observation of the disease process. We will perform the first Bayesian analysis of the Abakaliki smallpox data, which have been widely cited within the infectious disease modelling literature, to include the full data. In order to do this, we use data augmented Markov Chain Monte Carlo (DA-MCMC) techniques to perform parameter estimation. Analysis involves interpretation of these parameter estimates as well as model assessment with simulation-based methods. We also compare our results to a previous analysis which used an approximate likelihood expression.
The second part of this thesis describes novel approximate likelihood methods, motivated in part by the results of the Abakaliki study. Although DA-MCMC is generally considered the standard tool for analysis of partial epidemic data, it often struggles for large population sizes and large amounts of missing data, both through issues of highly correlated missing data and of potentially limiting computation times. We suggest that likelihood approximation methods are a useful tool for dealing with these issues. We develop a series of such methods, which essentially assume some independence in the outbreak population in order to obtain likelihood expressions which do not depend on any missing data. These methods will be motivated and developed, and then illustrated both by simulation study and by application to real data.


The next three crew members bound for the International Space Station are set to launch to the orbital outpost Wednesday, Sept. 2.


In cloud computing, there are few efficient algorithms in the literature for scientific workflow tasks allocation and scheduling for heterogeneous resources such as those proposed in grid computing context, they usually require a bounded number of computer resources that cannot be applied in Cloud computing environment. Indeed, unlike grid, elastic computing, such as Amazon's EC2, allows users to allocate and release computed resources on‐demand and pay only for what they use. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the number of resources is infinite. This feature of Clouds has been called "illusion of infinite resources". However, despite the proven benefits of using Cloud to run scientific workflows, users lack guidance for choosing between multiple offerings while taking into account several objectives which are often conflicting. KEYWORDS‐ Data intensive, workflow application.


The conversion of 17α-acetoxy-6αmethyl-4-pregnen-3,20-dione 3-oxime to the corresponding diketone in acidic media was found to be a first-order reaction at 37°. The effects of incorporating ester groupings at the oxime function or at the C-17 position and modifications in ring B were also investigated. Only the length of the ester chain at the oxime function had a profound effect on the rate constant. From these observations, it is proposed that two competing mechanisms of hydrolysis are involved for the oxime esters.


Knowledge and learning exist as byproducts of social processes such as those that take place in communities of practice. We describe two frameworks for understanding and building online knowledge-building communities, or online communities of practice that enhance collective knowledge. First, the C4P framework is described as a way of understanding how knowledge is created and disseminated by participants in a community of practice. Second, we discuss ways in which technology provides added value for learning in these environments using the DDC (Design for Distributed Cognition) framework, and link this to the particular goals of a knowledge-building community. Examples from two large online communities are discussed.


prognostic models, have been proposed to disclose patients with the acute coronary syndrome in the general population. Based on the amount of data accrued from multicenter clinical trials or registries in multivariate analyses, independent prognostic factors have been identified, and each is assigned a number of points proportional to its regression coefficient. The individual risk is calculated based on clinical factors and gives estimates for major cardiovascular events such as death, myocardial infarction or stroke during the follow-up period. For each patient, the total risk is calculated as the sum of points for every variable. Finally, the prognostic value derived from this study cohort has to be validated in another cohort usually with the help of c-statistic. Currently, several prognostic risk scores are available and in general use, the most commonly being TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction), GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events), and PURSUIT (the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy) [7–11] . These risk scores should assist in the risk stratification and clinical decision-making to identifying patients most likely to benefit from aggressive treatment [12] . A comparison of commonly applied risk scores is presented in table 1 . Despite the fact that these risk scores seem to be attractive prognostic tools to successfully validate cases of acute Patients with the acute coronary syndrome have an increased risk of cardiovascular events, particularly reinfarction or death. Rapid and constant risk stratification is required to determine prognosis and to choose appropriate treatment. For early risk stratification, clinical presentation including data from history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and laboratory results are taken into consideration. Several parameters, including biomarkers which reflect different pathophysiological aspects of the acute coronary syndrome (myocyte injury, inflammation, platelet activation, or neurohormonal activation), have been investigated in recent years to be used for diagnostic purposes and for risk stratification [1] . According to the current guidelines, the following prognosticators should be considered in risk stratification: age, heart rate, blood pressure, Killip class, diabetes, previous coronary diseases, ST-segment deviations, and troponin, serum creatinine, and C-reactive protein levels [2] . A few novel markers, which have been more recently reported, have been ascribed prognostic value in the acute coronary syndrome, e.g. natriuretic peptides, myeloperoxidase, platelet function and the interleukin-1 receptor family member ST2 [3–6] . All the above prognosticators enable a multimarker approach facilitating point-of-care testing to some extent, too. Because of the heterogeneous clinical presentation of the disease, several simple risk prediction tools, such as Received: March 4, 2011 Accepted: March 4, 2011 Published online: May 10, 2011


Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is uncommon, accounting for 2% to 5% of all thyroid malignancies. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid cancer. The coexistence of PTL and PTC is very rare, and the preoperative diagnosis is rather difficult.


A course for non majors that uses creative, exciting, real life experiments to illustrate the concepts presented in lecture in order to make the material relevant to the students' backgrounds.


Using organizational learning and niche theory, we develop a model of mode focus and firm performance that challenges most recent findings in the exploration/exploitation knowledge domain. We conce...


This paper is an extended summary of a guidance document that was produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory on the subject of computational analyses of Criticality Accident Alarm Systems (CAAS). This full guidance document reviews ANSI/ANS-8.3-1997 and provides examples on how to calculate the fission rate that produces the minimum accident of concern, how to calculate the response of a CAAS detector, and how to evaluate the coverage of a CAAS detector. Discussing a strategy on how to perform CAAS placement analysis concludes the full guidance document. All of the examples in the full guidance document are performed with SCALE 6.1 and MCNP5, and the full input files for both are provided. This extended summary of the full guidance document only reviews ANSI/ANS-8.3-1997, calculates the fission rate that produces the minimum accident of concern for a simple example, and provides an example for one of the approaches suggested in the CAAS placement analysis strategy that uses a forward Monte Carlo transport calculation.


Interest in renewable energy from agricultural biomass has increased in recent years. Among renewable energy sources, biomass is considered indeed as an attractive option for sustainable energy production. This is particularly true in the case of small tropical island states, where energy demand is increasing and the energy mix currently heavily relies on fossil imported resources. Diversifying and orientating the energy mix toward locally grown energy crops could therefore be a promising sustainable option. However, the introduction of such bioenergy systems under existing conditions and current agricultural models is still rather uncertain and requires achieving several sustainable goals. In order to build new sustainable energy systems, assessing the conditions for a sustainable and profitable biomass supply is a critical step prior to industrial investment. In this paper we present the results of an interdisciplinary research program aimed at identifying the agro-environmental, economic and industrial conditions for producing electricity from energy cane in Guadeloupe.


Wireless transmitters employing switching power amplifiers are popular both in RF and mm-wave designs. The efficiency of switching power amplifiers is dictated mainly by the maximum achievable switch size which in turn is governed by the switch transition frequency (tradeoff between switch on-resistance and capacitance). This paper presents a new architecture, the distributed switching power amplifier (DSPA), that helps break this tradeoff by distributing the switch in the nonlinear amplifier design, especially at high frequencies. A comprehensive analytical framework has been developed and the theory has been compared with simulation results.


Seasonal variations in CH4 emission rates from rice paddies have been reported to have one or more maxima during the middle and late periods of rice growth. The factor affecting an appearance of CH4 emission maxima was examined in three types of pot experiments. In the experiment 1, four rice cultivars with difference in length of the period from transplanting to heading were transplanted on the same days. For the experiment 2, a cultivar was transplanted 4 times with interval of two weeks. In these experiments, the heading differed about a month between the earliest and latest treatments, respectively. However, shifting growth stage of rice plants did not shift the CH4 emission maxima, and the CH4 emission maxima often matched the maxima of daily mean air temperature. The effect of variation in temperature on CH4 emission rate was further investigated in the experiment 3 by placing the rice‐planted pots under regulated temperature. Besides the first emission peak of CH4 attributable to rice straw (RS) carbon, three emission peaks corresponding to the peaks of air temperature were detected for the RS‐applied pots placed outdoors. These three peaks were not observed or much less conspicuous for the RS‐applied pots in a phytotron at 30°C. Temporal decreases in CH4 emission were detected both for the pots placed in the phytotron and outdoors just after the topdressing of (NH4)2SO4, which was considered to be a major cause of irregular disagreement between the variations in CH4 emission rates and in air temperature during the middle period of rice growth.


Charles Louis de Secondat was born in Bordeaux, France in 1689. Despite his family's wealth, de Secondat was placed in the care of a poor family during his childhood. He later went to college and studied science and history, eventually becoming a lawyer in the local government. De Secondat's father died in 1713, and de Secondat was placed under the care of his uncle, Baron de Montesquieu. The Baron died in 1716 and left de Secondat his fortune, his office as president of the Bordeaux Parliament, and his title of Baron de Montesquieu. Later, the new Baron de Montesquieu became a member of the Bordeaux and French Academies of Science and studied the customs and governments of the countries of Europe. He gained fame in 1721 with his Persian Letters, which criticized the life-style and liberties of the wealthy French, as well as the church. However, Montesquieu's On the Spirit of the Laws, published in 1748, was his most famous book. It outlined his ideas on how government would best work.


During April 2002 approximately 16,000 m 2 of the main runway at Auckland International Airport was reconstructed as part of the R3 reconstruction project. This involved the excavation and removal of the existing concrete slabs, cement stabilisation of the remaining hardfill and placement of 9,500 m 3 of high performance concrete. The final 8,000 m 3 was placed in 6 days with continuous supply from an on-site batching plant.


The values obtained by Kundstadter and associates vary rather markedly from those obtained by ourselves and others. They found elevated T-3-RBC uptake at various periods throughout childhood, while our results showed an elevation only in early infancy. Even there Kundstadter et al. showed a much greater change than we did.
 Our work was in part misrepresented by the authors, when they stated that we did not distinguish among various age groups. We divided our infants under 18 months into a number of discrete groups. We grouped together children 1½ to 15 years of age because our data indicated these children represented a homogeneous group with respect to T-3 uptake. Indeed, observation of the authors' data for children 2 to 13 years suggests no real statistical difference among the three separate groups into which they have been divided.


SIR,-In 1956 Alvord and Cardon' showed that a number of compounds, notably ammonium sulphamate, were effective in reducing the amounts of 3:4benzpyrene in the combustion products of tobacco and paper, and they claimed that, by using cigarette paper containing 4.25 % of ammonium sulphamate, the mainstream smoke of the cigarettes contained less than half the amount of 3: 4-benzpyrene than the smoke from untreated cigarettes. According to experiments carried out in the tobacco industries' laboratories, two compounds, copper nitrate and platinum diamino-nitrite, reduce the benzpyrene content of cigarette smoke, but the effect claimed by Alvord and Cardon could not be substantiated.2 We have repeated the work of these latter investigators and have confirmed that the amounts of anthracene, 3 :4-benzpyrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in the mainstream smoke are all greatly reduced by treatment of the paper with ammonium sulphamate. A full account of this work will be published as soon as possible. We have also found by the co-operation of about 40 smokers that it is impossible to detect a difference between the treated and untreated cigarettes by smoking them. Although the carcinogenic substances reported present in tobacco smoke now number 14 different compounds, the most potent of them is still 3:4 benzpyrene, which is reported to varying extents from 1 to 10 micrograms in the smoke from 100 cigarettes. Such small amounts are said to be unlikely to be a causal factor in lung cancer,3 but even quantities as small as this in the presence of promoters4 have been shown to produce skin tumours in experimental animals. It is possible that similar promoter action may occur in lung tissue. In any case reduction of the small proportions of benzpyrene to even lower amounts is an object worth attaining, and the pre-treatment described is one way of doing this. Other methods of reducing the risks attendant upon smoking cigarettes without smoking fewer are by smoking to longer stubs,5 6 and also by using porous or perforated paper7 8 so as to cool and dilute the later smoke and thus reduce the total smoke condensate.9 Employment of all these methods should reduce Tisks due to taking in smoke compounds to a fraction of what they otherwise would be.


The integrated energy systems (IES) contain various energy sub-systems, thus uncertainties of one sub-system will not only threaten its own safety operation but also be likely to have a significant impact on the operation of other sub-systems. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the variation of state variables when random fluctuations emerge in the IES. This paper proposes a unified steady state probabilistic energy flow (PEF) analysis for the IES considering the correlated uncertainties. Firstly, a Latin hypercube sampling with inverse Nataf transformation is developed to deal with correlated uncertainties of the IES. Furthermore, in order to solve the PEF problem, a unified method, Newton-Raphson embedded with Newton Downhill technique, is proposed to accelerate the iteration and improve the computation efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed PEF analysis method is verified by a set of test results conducted on an IES composed of the IEEE 118-bus system coupled with 15-natural gas system and 32-district heating system.


Is his biography Juan tells us about the experience that supposes to have an important disease, which it isn't well known, and the test are all negatives and that as a train that comes to, him and it's going to take him to the death but in the last moment he receives a hepatic transplant and it is like an explosion of the life that begins again. He highlights his experiences about the death. Juan tells us the vision of the loneliness in the UCI, how it can help you and how not . He offers his perspective in the whole process, of the behaviour of the sanitary professionals, some friends and other strangers. Juan is employed at the sanitary world. The characters´ names are not reals, in order to support the anonymity


Background: COPD is preventable and treatable and is characterized by completely nonreversible airflow obstruction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of long-term oxygen therapy on patients with stage 4 COPD who were followed up and treated at the polyclinic or clinic service. We evaluated the effects of oxygen therapy on energy metabolism and physical activity in patients with COPD. Methods: Nineteen patients with COPD (16 male/3 female), treated with oxygen therapy for the first time, were included in this study. Analysis of arterial blood gases and pulmonary function test was performed. Metabolic Holter device (SenseWear ® Armband) was placed pre- and post-oxygen therapy on the patients' arm for at least 3 days. This device captures Holter data in a digitized electronic system, and the daily average value was calculated from the data. Results: Post-oxygen treatment showed a significant increase in energy expenditure by patients with COPD (pretreatment, 1,497 ± 596 joule; posttreatment, 2,977 ± 5,985 joule; P = 0.044). More-over, number of steps during walking (pretreatment, 2,056 ± 256; posttreatment, 2,120 ± 195; P = 0.03), resting (pretreatment, 6.36 ± 3.31 hours; posttreatment, 3.47 ± 2.19 hours; P , 0.03), and sleeping (pretreatment, 4.23 ± 2.13 hours; posttreatment, 2.33 ± 1.42 hours; P , 0.00) showed significant differences. Increased daily energy expenditure in patients with respiratory failure was detected with long-term oxygen therapy. In addition, the immobility of patients decreased and duration of physical activity increased in patients with COPD. Conclusion: In this study, positive effects of long-term oxygen therapy have been demon-strated with respect to energy metabolism and physical activity of patients with COPD. Thus, we recommend that medication adherence and long-term oxygen therapy should begin early in patients with COPD.


OBJECTIVE
To propose and implement a family-centered systems approach to manage newborn jaundice for safer outcomes.

DESIGN
Observational study for known adverse outcomes.

SETTING
Semiprivate urban birthing hospital.

PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS
31,059 well babies discharged as healthy from a cohort of 41,961 live births (1990-2000).

INTERVENTIONS
Incremental implementation of a systems approach that incorporated a hospital policy to (a) authorize nurses to obtain a bilirubin (total serum/transcutaneous) measurement for clinical jaundice, (b) universal predischarge total serum bilirubin (at routine metabolic screening), and (c) targeted follow-up, using the bilirubin nomogram (hour-specific, percentile-based total serum bilirubin/transcutaneous bilirubin).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Known adverse outcomes assessed for early- and late-onset severe hyperbilirubinemia before, during, and after systems approach implementation.

RESULTS
Adverse outcomes decreased for well babies: exchange transfusion, intensive phototherapy, and readmission. During the study period, there were no "never events" (total serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 30 mg/dl), while "close calls" (total serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 25 mg/dl) were 1 in 15,000 as compared to a reported incidence of 1 in 625.

CONCLUSIONS
Reduced adverse events, significant reduction in close calls, and no never events met family expectations for safer experiences with this approach.


Based on the city center district road basically completed,the construction of the situation through the optimization of traffic organization to improve the road operating efficiency is to alleviate the inevitable choice of central area traffic contradiction.First,from the organization mode,network configuration and other aspects of the one-way traffic in the successful experiences abroad were summarized,put forward one-way traffic organization should have the basic principles.On this basis,in the main urban area of Hangzhou——Lake area as an example,through to the area function fixed position,road conditions,traffic flow characteristics analysis,point out the current situation of traffic organization existence problem,the traffic organization optimization objectives and principles,the one-way traffic organization scheme of improving design and analysis,in order to make the city center single line system more scientific and perfect.


Introduction: Collisions between planetesimals at speeds of several kilometers per second were common during the early evolution of our Solar System [e.g. 1,2,3,4]. However, shock heating of planetesimals in such impacts has largely been dismissed as a substantial heat source because of the high impact velocity required to shock-heat significant volumes of non-porous rock [e.g. 5,6]. However, recent experimental and numerical work suggests that the low velocities at which dust ag-gregation occurs will result in highly porous (> 65 % pore space by volume) planetesimals [7,8,9]. It is well-known that the presence of porosity can dramatically increase the amount of heating in an impact due to the large amount of energy expended crushing out the pore-space [e.g. 10,11]. In this work, we quantify the efficiency of heating during high velocity collisions between planetesimals using hydrocode modeling. In an ongoing series of simulations, we test the effect on shock heating of the initial po-rosity and temperature of the planetesimals, the relative velocity of the collision, the relative size of the two colliding bodies, and temperature and porosity heterogeneities within the colliding bodies. Results: Our results show that while heating is minor in collisions between non-porous planetesimals at impact velocities below 10 km/s, much higher temperatures are reached in collisions between porous planetesimals. As a result, substantial melting of nearly equal-sized bodies can be achieved at collision velocities below 7 km/s, depending on initial porosity and temperature. For initially warm bodies (~ 700 K), a collision velocity of ~ 5 km/s is sufficient to produce a substantial mass of melt. Such collisions would catastrophically disrupt the two bodies. For collisions of small bodies into larger ones, such as those with an im-pactor-to-target planetesimal mass ratio below 0.1, significant localized heating occurs in the target body. At an impact velocity of 5 km/s, the mass of melt produced is about twice the impactor mass, a mass of up to four times the impactor mass is heated by 400K, and temperature increases of 100 K occur in a region up to 10 times the impactor mass. In such collisions the majority of the impactor is also shock-heated above the melting point. Hence, energetic collisions between planetesimals in the early solar system may have resulted in the heating of significant volumes of primitive materials [12].


Introduce the condition that solar radiant energy affect the energy wastage of building.Study the influence of protecting from the sunlight on the iudoor air condition load.Expound the importance of protectihg from the sunlight to the building energy saving.


interests, such as the &dquo;criterion of dissimilarity&dquo; has provided in historical Jesus research. Saldarini's treatment of the rabbinic literature (ch. 10) depends explicitly on Jacob Neusner's tradition-critical work, yet diverges from Neusne~s conclusions. Neusner has isolated a pre-70 layer of tradition behind the Mishnah, focusing on purity, tithing, and Sabbath observance; and convinced that these traditions were the most reliable clues to the sectarian interests of the firstcentury Pharisees, he has described the Pharisees as an essentially nonpolitical table fellowship. Saldarini challenges the view that this halakic agenda must have been restricted to private table fellowships. Rather, &dquo;these laws set out an agenda of holiness for the land and people which was a fitting response for a powerless people dominated by the Romans because these laws pertain to the parts of domestic life which can be controlled by people out of power in their own society: food, sex and


The existing Phase 1 of the Manchester Metrolink was commissioned as one of the first UK tram systems in 1992. Consisting of 62km of track, 32 stations and 26 trams it was innovative in its design using disused British Rail track to connect the suburbs of Bury to the North and Altrincham to the South, to the city of Manchester. A street running section connects the North and South through the city centre and also links with Manchester's major mainline stations, Piccadilly and Victoria. As part of the regeneration of the Salford docks area the Phase 2 10km spur has been built providing convenient transport to the businesses in that area. This spur also connects the area of Eccles to the West of Manchester and provides a transport link for the newly built Lowry Centre and other leisure activities. To support the addition of the extra 10km of track, a further six light rail vehicles, 11 tram stops and three substations were required. As the signalling and telecommunications turnkey subcontractor the total Adtranz scope was for colour pan, tilt and zoom cameras, public address, staff telephones, passenger emergency call points and passenger information signs at the tram stops. A vehicle recognition system was used for the street signalling allowing the trams to operate on both the new and original infrastructure and a new interlocking was provided at Cornbrook, at the intersection of Phase 1 and 2. A new control and command system was provided at the central operation and maintenance centre to interface with both the existing Phase 1 infrastructure and the new Phase 2 system. Operations are facilitated with a fully integrated supervisory and control system (S and CS) as well as an integrated voice services system providing the operators with an integrated touch screen user interface for all voice communications. The paper concentrates on the S and CS in the control room and the implementation strategy. (3 pages)


In Xinjiang,cultural communications between the Uyghur and Chinese languages are evidently characterized by linguistic mixture,loan,and bilingualism.Over the long process of contacts between the two languages,they have been influencing each other.To promote the learning from each other will help improve cross-cultural communication abilities,national cultural quality,and a harmonious life and joint development of all nationalities.


 Abstract—This paper presents a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling study carried out for a rotary cement kiln withal multi-channel burner with swirl and high momentum air components. The simulations are performed using the commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT, version 13.0, and are carried out for coal as well as for meat and bone meal (MBM) combustion using the eddy-dissipation model for combustion. Steady-state solutions are obtained using the Lagrangian approach for the particle phase and the Eurasian approach for the continuous phase. The turbulence is modeled by the RNG k-e model, and gas-phase radiation is modeled by the P1 radiation model. The effect of MBM fuel properties on combustion characteristics such as temperature, fuel devolatilization, volatiles and char burning, in comparison with coal, are presented and discussed. It was found that MBM combustion products temperatureis300K lower than that of coal, and the char burnout of MBM is 83%. This poor burnout is mainly due to bigger MBM particles.


This paper presents recent developments in the use of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) to measure engineering parameters at thousands of locations along optical sensing fibers where weakly reflecting Bragg gratings have been photoetched. Application of the sensing fibers outside of the development lab has revealed several areas for improvement. Some of the problems encountered include polarization fading, non-linear laser tuning, and sensor calibration. This paper considers the use of polarization diversity detection and monitoring of the laser tuning characteristics to provide a more robust OFDR system for both sensor calibration and measurement. Possible modifications to the system are reported along with calibration measurements for quantifying the effects of polarization fading in the sensing fiber.


In this work, a low radar cross section (RCS) spiral antenna with low-profile is proposed. An impedance surface is attached below the radiate structure to reduce the scattering wave caused by the edge of spiral lines. A metallic ring is covered on the spirals to reduce exposed area. By enlarging the radius of the spiral radiator, the profile of the antenna is reduced. The monostatic RCS is reduced in S band. Meanwhile, the radiation performances of the antenna are well kept.


development opportunities, thus helping regions that are less developed. In the light of above the basic objective of the study is to determine the level of competitiveness of Kuyavian--Pomeranian Voivodeship against other voivodships in 2015. The level of competitiveness has been characterized by the analysis of three development areas: economy, human capital and infrastructure. The article also attempts to assess the level of innovation in Kuyavian--Pomeranian Voivodeship. The results show that the analysed region belongs to the group of medium (moderate) position ones among other regions in Poland.


The human monoclonal antibody 2F5 is a potent neutralizer of most clades of HIV-1 and possesses protective effects against viral transmission. It recognizes the linear epitope ELDKWAS of the viral envelope protein gp41. As structural information about epitope recognition may help to develop an HIV-1 vaccine we initiated crystallographic analyses of mAb 2F5 and its epitope complex. We now report the preparation of the corresponding Fab fragments, complexation with the epitope peptide, and crystallization of free mAb 2F5 Fab as well as the peptide complex. Both crystal forms are well suited for high-resolution structural analysis.


Medical image segmentation identifies an area that should be analyzed later in the processing process, such as for disease recognition and classification. As the image search area is reduced, this action allows for faster computation and analysis. We propose the use of a heuristic red fox heuristic optimization algorithm (RFOA) for medical image segmentation in this paper. The heuristics' operation was adapted to the analysis of two-dimensional images, with a focus on equation modification and the novel fitness function. The proposed solution analyzes the image by converting the selected pixels to one of two color variants, black or white, based on the threshold value used. Their number is counted, allowing analysis of the chosen threshold. As a result, such analysis results in the automatic selection of the segmentation threshold parameter. Our method propose a new fitness function and the adjustment of RFOA to image analysis. We used a publicly available database of lung X-ray images for evaluation, and based on the results, an accuracy analysis was performed, as well as a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks is presented.


We present a compact PCW based refractive index sensor. A high sensitivity is achieved by operating PCWs in their slow light regime. For ease of detection, PCWs have been used in an unbalanced MZI configuration.


This study examines the mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) diagnoses comorbidity in inpatient adolescents and explores the relationship between demographic and environmental covariates. It analyzes 2008 data of 9,154 adolescents ages 11 to 17 in psychiatric hospitals. Twenty-five percent of adolescents had dual diagnosis. Comorbidity differences between boys and girls occurred as they grew older. Boys with conduct disorder (CD) were 1.6 times more likely than girls with the same diagnosis to use alcohol. Hispanics with CD had 2 to 3.5 times increased risk of comorbidity. The study yields specificity in various MH and SU subgroups vital for prevention services and program planning.


This paper describes the results of a study carried out experimentally on the determination of the moment strength of spun pile piles. The methods used are visual observation, load-displacement curve evaluation, and tensile strain analysis. The experimental results show that a load of data taken is a little late between 3 and 9 % compared to the results based on load-displacement curve. The crack load accuracy results from the load-deflection curve analysis were validated by the PC bar tensile strain reading. The deflection at crack read on the load-deflection curve is the same as the deflection at the start of the tensile strain jump on the PC bar.


Video analytics is the process of processing a video, obtaining data, and analyzing the data to derive domain-specific information. In recent years, examining live surveillance films for recognizing events that occur within its coverage area has become increasingly important, in addition to analyzing any video for information retrieval. Face identification from recordings is easy when training models are used. Estimating skin colour aids hand detection. This study project aims to detect suspicious acts such as object exchange, new person admission, peeping into another's answer sheet, and person exchange using footage captured by a security camera during exam. People are paying greater attention to the fairness of exams these days, therefore detecting anomalous conduct to ensure examination order is important. Most of the current methodologies propose a fraudulent model. We extract the optical flow of video data in this system and present a 3D convolutional neural networks model to solve the problem. Face recognition, hand recognition, and detecting contact between the face and hands of the same person and that of distinct people are all required. The automation of suspicious activity detection' will aid in lowering the mistake rate associated with manual monitoring.


Abstract Remarkable variations of ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbic acid (AA/DHA) ratio occur in apical portions taken from erect fronds of Pterocladia capillacea during the year. This ratio is quite high in winter months, attains a maximum value (about 16) in December, then decreases in spring months (about 6), and remains mostly low during the summer, with a cyclic trend that is highly significant as shown by statistical analysis. AA/DHA ratio is very low (about 2) in the basal portion of the thallus, and remains practically unchanged throughout the year. The possible physiological significance of AA/DHA seasonal variation in the apical portion of the erect frond is discussed in relation to algal growth.


The research of plant virus transmission mechanism is an important basis for virus prevention and cure, especially biological prevention and cure. Since more than 80% of plant viruses are transmitted by the behavior of vector insects, this paper studies the transmission mechanism of plant-virus- vector insector interaction, analyzes its vertical propagation behaviors and horizontal propagation behaviors, constructs the dynamics model of plant virus vector insectore transmission, then he fitting performance of the model is verified by simulation experiments. Configuring different model parameters to obtain relevant simulation data, can provide beneficial support for the formulation and optimization of plant virus prevention and cure strategies.


The field of Optimal Control under Partial Differential Equations (PDE) constraints is rapidly changing under the influence of Deep Learning and the accompanying automatic differentiation libraries. Novel techniques like Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) and Differentiable Programming (DP) are to be contrasted with established numerical schemes like Direct-Adjoint Looping (DAL). We present a comprehensive comparison of DAL, PINN, and DP using a general-purpose mesh-free differentiable PDE solver based on Radial Basis Functions. Under Laplace and Navier-Stokes equations, we found DP to be extremely effective as it produces the most accurate gradients; thriving even when DAL fails and PINNs struggle. Additionally, we provide a detailed benchmark highlighting the limited conditions under which any of those methods can be efficiently used. Our work provides a guide to Optimal Control practitioners and connects them further to the Deep Learning community.


ABSTRACT Automated essay scoring is a developing technology that can provide efficient scoring of large numbers of written responses. Its use in higher education admissions testing provides an opportunity to collect validity and fairness evidence to support current uses and inform its emergence in other areas such as K–12 large-scale assessment. In this study, human and automated scores on essays written by college students with and without learning disabilities and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were compared, using a nationwide (U.S.) sample of prospective graduate students taking the revised Graduate Record Examination. The findings are that, on average, human raters and the automated scoring engine assigned similar essay scores for all groups, despite average differences among groups with respect to essay length and spelling errors.


A comparison between the linear combination method (LCM) and the orthogonal function method, both being computational spectrophotometry, was made by determining ephedrine HCl in the presence of the interference of lactose. The results indicate that, the accuracy of the former was ten times that of the latter, which evidenced, not only in theory but also in practice, the advantage of LCM in improvement of accuracy. In addition, the effect of the number of determined points and the accuracy of some points on the total accuracy in LCM was discussed. The optimum form of LCM was given and they evidenced the advantage of LCM in simplicity and convenience.