Objective: In the modern era, smart phones and iPhones are the most dominating gadgets among human beings. The tremendous number of mobile users along with the omnipresent nature of mobile devices has created an immense market for mobile commerce. But, for that m-commerce to be recognized to 100%, users have to belief the security measures of m-commerce generally and m-payment especially. In other words, the growth of wireless networks and massive usage of mobile devices have increased the concerns about performance and security of mobile payment systems. The two critical and challenging features of any payment protocol are security and privacy. Method: This paper proposes a novel secured authentication protocol for mobile banking which would overcome the two critical features of any mobile payment transactions. This proposed protocol combines both asymmetric and symmetric key cryptographic techniques. Findings: Compared to few existing authentication protocols based on either ECC or RSA, the proposed authentication protocol over resource-constrained mobile devices serves better in terms of privacy, security and computation. Novelty: This paper proposes a novel secured authentication protocol which combines both asymmetric and symmetric key cryptographic techniques (HECC and AES).


The Concussion Collective is a reflection by Naiya Tsang on the praxis behind the creation of a website dedicated to concussion experiences and disability justice. Tsang details her own concussion experiences, and looks at the ways in which concussions can interact with various notions of ability, power, and subjective experience.


Fast and accurate quantum operations of a single spin in room-temperature solids are required in many modern scientific areas, for instance in quantum information, quantum metrology, and magnetometry. However, the accuracy is limited if the Rabi frequency of the control is comparable with the transition frequency of the qubit due to the breakdown of the rotating wave approximation (RWA). We report here an experimental implementation of a control method based on quantum optimal control theory which does not suffer from such restriction. We demonstrate the most commonly used single qubit rotations, i.e. &pgr; / 2 ?> - and π-pulses, beyond the RWA regime with high fidelity F &pgr; / 2 exp = 0.95 ± 0.01 ?> and F &pgr; exp = 0.99 ± 0.016 ?> , respectively. They are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions, F &pgr; / 2 theory = 0.9545 ?> and F &pgr; theory = 0.9986 ?> . Furthermore, we perform two basic magnetic resonance experiments both in the rotating and the laboratory frames, where we are able to deliberately 'switch' between the frames, to confirm the robustness of our control method. Our method is general, hence it may immediately find its wide applications in magnetic resonance, quantum computing, quantum optics, and broadband magnetometry.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a reduced-order model (ROM) for simulation of thermal stratification in reservoirs by combining the CE-QAUL-W2 (W2) and the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) models. The Karkheh Dam Reservoir (KDR) was used as a case study where the water temperature (WT) simulated with W2 model provided the necessary information for the development of ROM. The main outputs of ROM, containing spatio-temporal patterns of WT variation in the KDR, were produced with the POD model. WT profiles of the KDR, simulated with both ROM and W2, were presented and compared. W2 calibration and verification results revealed a good agreement between the simulated vertical WT profiles and measured ones in the reservoir. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) for calibration and verification of WT profiles were 0.71 and 0.67°C, respectively. The results also indicated a good agreement between the WT profiles simulated with the W2 and the ROM developed using the first 10 out of 3425 modes, as evidenced by a small absolute error (<0.5°C). The agreement demonstrated that the performance of the developed ROM was comparable with that of the existing W2 while the new ROM was much simpler in model structure and thus easier to use than the W2 model.


Human LUC7 family proteins associate with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex. Mutation or deletion of LUC7L2 is associated with myeloid neoplasms, and depletion of LUC7L2 alters cellular metabolism. Here, we describe distinctive 5' splice site (5'SS) features of exons impacted by each of the three human LUC7s. We find that LUC7L2 and LUC7L enhance splicing of "right-handed" 5'SS with stronger consensus matching on the intron side of the near-invariant /GU, while LUC7L3 preferentially enhances splicing of "left-handed" 5'SS with stronger consensus matching on the exon side of the splice junction. Specificity for right- or left-handed 5'SS is conferred by the distinct structured N-terminal domains of LUC7L2 and LUC7L3. Evolutionary analysis shows that divergence of LUC7L3 and LUC7L2 subfamilies occurred prior to the divergence of plants from animals/fungi, and suggests that loss of the LUC7L3 subfamily from the fungal lineage contributed to the predominance of right-handed 5'SS in fungi.


In estimating the size of an isolated object by visual observation of its image as formed by a microscope objective, the characteristics of the eye as well as the physical light intensity distribution in the image must be taken into account. Experiments are described in which the visual sizes of circular objects of known size are measured as a function of the instrumental magnification, the retinal illumination and the adaptation of the eye, these results being discussed in relation to the corresponding diffraction images and the properties of the eye.


With the structure characteristics of motorized spindles,an electromagnetic loss model of the built-in motor has been established on the basis of law of conservation of energy and electromagnetic theory,and with the state equation of the system,the heat generation of the motor has been investigated.According to the experimental data,the copper loss and the iron loss,which are the main energy loss of the stator and rotor,have been studied,and the temperature change law at the housing near the built-in motor has been obtained.The results provide the basis for further analysis on dynamic behaviors of motorized spindles.


PURPOSE: To suitably control ventilation of an internal chamber in a motor vehicle by obtaining internal air quality by considering an air amount introduced from outside into the internal chamber, comparing the internal air with the external air, and switching between an air introducing drive and an air circulation drive. CONSTITUTION: A first size Ut* of the internal air correlated with pollutant concentration is determined by considering a sensor signal Ut from a pollutant sensor, each time operation type (air introducing drive or an air circulation drive and a predetermined readable experience value. Then, a second size Ut** of the external air correlated with pollutant concentration drawn from the signal Ut is compared with the size Ut*. A ventilation of the internal chamber of a motor vehicle is controlled by introducing the air introducing drive or the air circulation drive in response to a comparison result.


Both Remigio Nannini's Orationi militari (1557) and François de Belleforest's Harengues militaires (1573) are anthologies of military speeches taken from Greek, Latin, and modern historiographical works.1 The speeches originating from the modern texts deal with issues that were current for the mid-sixteenth century reader, even when they were about historical events that had happened many centuries before. The histories of Florence by Leonardo Bruni, Poggio Bracciolini, and Niccolò Machiavelli, as well as the more recent texts by Galeazzo Capella, Benedetto Accolti, and Paolo Giovio, concern Italy's political instability, the roles of Popes and Emperors in political negotiations in Italy and Europe, the interest of the French and Spanish monarchies in controlling the Italian peninsula, and the determination of various Popes to carry out a crusade against the Turks. A French or Italian reader of the sixteenth century could pick a side for each of these topics; he could do the same for the Peloponnesian War or the Punic Wars, without a doubt, but the implications would be different. It is, therefore, fair to question Nannini's and Belleforest's attitudes toward these orations taken from modern historiographical works. They both certainly felt an affinity for particular dynasties and political or religious positions, and this empathy would influence to a certain degree the selection of the speeches, the presentation of the content or the general orientation of the anthology as determined in the prologues or dedications of their


This article discusses the concept of management of facilities and infrastructure, the purpose of managing educational facilities and infrastructure, basic principles of management of educational facilities and infrastructure, the scope of management of educational facilities and infrastructure, facilities and infrastructure in the teaching and learning process, and standards for educational facilities and infrastructure. The methodology used in making this article is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which first collects study material related to the managing educational facilities and infrastructure, after the study material is collected, then the material is examined and studied, then the author tries to deduce new knowledge about the results of the analysis study material. The results showed that the management of educational facilities and infrastructure greatly influenced the continuity of education.


Abstract Extract Madam:- Cobalt deficiency has long been recognised in New Zealand as a disease in sheep and cattle which may occur when they graze pastures of low cobalt content 0.04 mg/kg DM respectively. (2) In recent years the farming of red deer (Cervus elaphus) on soil types known to be marginally, moderately or severely deficient(1) has raised the question of how susceptible these species are to cobalt deficiency. To the authors' knowledge there is no published information on the susceptibility of red deer to cobalt deficiency.


The soil type in the test plot is not known, but it was probably Naches Series, loam, with less than 3% organic matter. Broadcast and sidedress treatments were conducted as separate experi-ments, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was 6 rows wide (34 inch apart) and 50 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. On May 1 and 2, 1972, broadcast applica-tions of granular materials were made with a hand-operated grass seeder, and the Dyfonate EC (40 gal/acre) with a tractor-mounted sprayer, then disced within 1 hr after application. Potatoes were planted on or about May 8. Sidedress applications of granular materials were made on May 22 and 23, using tractor-mounted Gandy applicators; granules were placed in 1 inch bands, 4 inch to each side and level with the potato seed pieces. The plots were rill irrigated. Tuber samples were harvested on October 11 to 16, from the 2 center rows of each plot. Injury (any penetration of a tuber by wireworms) was assessed based on the number of injured tubers per 100 lb. Percentages of injured tubers were transformed to X + 0.5 and analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test.


Remdesivir is a direct‐acting nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitor with activity against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus used in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia. Here, we present two cases of suspected remdesivir‐associated acute liver failure (ALF) in which the liver failure improved after continuous infusion acetylcysteine and withdrawal of remdesivir. Both patients had significant increases in transaminases between day 3 and day 10 of remdesivir therapy accompanied by coagulopathy and encephalopathy. After initiation of continuous infusion acetylcysteine, the transaminases of both patients rapidly improved. Ultimately, one patient fully recovered while the other died of suspected septic shock. Due to its novel nature and only recent widespread use, there are very little data on the risk of ALF from remdesivir. Additionally, the data for the use of acetylcysteine to manage non‐acetaminophen‐induced ALF are limited. It is important to consider the risk of remdesivir‐associated ALF when weighing the risk versus benefits of use, and acetylcysteine may have a role in its management.


In Top-Down construction for underground structures, the placement of slab as a horizontal supporting member against lateral earth pressure is an important process in determining construction time and cost. Usually, a reinforced concrete perimeter girder distributes concentrated lateral loads from earth retaining structures such as Cast-in-place (CIP) piles. By combining the function of the R/C perimeter girder and horizontal slabs, the Opened Slab Method is efficient for reducing construction time by elimination of time-consuming formwork for traditional perimeter girders. The structural performance of the method is also discussed in this paper.


Using simultaneous analysis of both the grazing incidence X‐ray reflectivity (GIXR) and the angular dependent fluorescence yield from ultrathin layer structures, the densities of thin La and LaN layers of 2–6 nm thickness enclosed by B4C layers have been determined with approximately 5% precision. The density of the La layer in these systems is found to be reduced to the bulk La value. This is explained by LaB6 interlayers formation. The density of LaN layers were similar to the bulk LaN value, which favors this compound as the most energetically stable in LaN/B4C layered systems.


Generalization is one of the most important algebraic actions. The development of students' generalization skills is an important goal of mathematics curricula. Being aware of what happens in students' minds during a generalization action is thought to increase teaching quality. The actor-oriented transfer perspective explains how students relate new knowledge with existing knowledge. Researchers focus on what happens in students' minds during this process. Based on psychological models of knowledge and mental act of generalization process, a cognitive model on generalization from actor oriented transfer is provided in this study. According to the model, students relate similar situations and search whether the pattern is constant, then extend the rule beyond the given situation. These stages constitute the ways of thinking of the generalization act. The products obtained as a result of these processes are the ways of understanding of the generalization act. This paper investigates several approaches to students' generalization processes and the relationship of the actor-oriented transfer with these approaches.


Chapter 2 argues that the Ladies' Home Journal fashioned white women's culture as a mediating force for racial sorority—an imagined sisterhood that provided the comforting sense of familiarity across distance—while also responding to a perceived crisis in women's intimate friendship by providing detailed guidance for befriending. I argue that both scales of white social practice (sorority and intimate friendship) attached white women's social forms to antiblackness. On the one hand, the Journal infused its imagined sisterhood with a deep sense of white supremacy (through frequent use of racist humor, for instance), providing white women a compensation that at least partially made up for the harms produced by gender inequality. On the other hand, by revitalizing intraracial friendship as a necessary departure from antiseptic social life, the Journal engaged an Aristotelian politics of friendship in which the precondition for befriending (whiteness) naturalized itself as the precondition for citizenship.


An endogenous growth model with renewable and nonrenewable Intermediate Goods (IGs) is developed to study the exogenous environmental quality effects on technological-knowledge bias and on Final-Good (FG) sector bias. Solving the transitional dynamics numerically and removing the scale effects, FG sector bias is showed to be caused by both technological-knowledge bias, through the price channel, and technological-knowledge-absorption effect.


A bienzyme (tyrosinase and horseradish peroxidase) electrochemical biosensor was developed for detection of Salmonella typhimurium, and evaluated for application in a flow injection system coupled with immunomagnetic separation for food samples. Parameters for immunomagnetic separation, enzymatic reaction, flow injection and electrochemical detection were determined using pure culture samples. The selectivity was tested in the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli 0157:H7. The results showed a linear relationship for logarithmic values between peak current ratio and the cell number of S. typhimurium in the range of 103 105 cfu/mL, with R2= 0.99. The detection limit of this method was 1.09 × 103 cfu/mL for S. typhimurium and the detection time was 2.5 h. Samples of chicken carcass wash water and ground beef were used to evaluate the biosensor. The results demonstrated that this biosensor has a potential for rapid detection of different pathogens in various food samples.


This article considers the development of transport systems in London, UK, to service the 2012 Olympic Games. Spectators will be encouraged to use public transport, cycling or walking to venues. Several key transport projects have already been completed. The Olympic Park in east London will be served by three stations, and extra rail links and extensions are to be built, including a dedicated high-speed service linking to the international terminal at Kings Cross. More direct connections across London will be created. An extensive road transport plan for competitors has been devised, centring on a network of designated roads and priority lanes for vehicles carrying competitors and officials. A series of Olympic-specific traffic signal timetables will operate to facilitate traffic flow.


Forming limit diagram (FLD) is the most intuitive method to evaluate and analyze the forming performance of sheet metal, which is widely used in production. To examine the formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy and 7050 aluminum alloy, the simplified bulging models based on the Nakazima experiment are established by ABAQUS finite element (FE) software, and the maximum punch force criterion is adopted as the instability criterion. The forming limit diagrams of 7050 high-strength aluminum alloy at room temperature and AZ31 magnesium alloy at warm working conditions are obtained by extracting the in-plane strain of the adjacent element of the maximum strain element at the moment of instability. Compared with experimental observation shows that the Nakazima virtual model established in this paper can accurately predict FLD. In addition, the influences of lubrication conditions and virtual punching speeds on the bulging process of AZ31 and AA7050 sheet metals are also investigated. The results show that the better the lubrication environment, or the lower the punching speed, the better the formability of the sheet, and reducing the punching speed has a more significant improvement effect on the formability of AZ31 sheets.


【Objective】 The study is to elucidate the effects of shading stress on root qualities of different genotypes purple-freshed sweetpotato.【Method】 Using Jishu18 and Ayamuraski as materials,the plants were shaded with nets which had 40%,70% transmittance of natural light at the root expanding peak period(50-100 d after transplantion),and the natural light was used as the control.Dry matter,starch content,amylose and amylopection content,starch accumulation ratio,soluble sugar content,protein content,the parameters of viscosity and anthocyanidin content of tuber root were determined.【Result】 Results indicated that dry matter,total starch content and starch accumulation rate in the root of purple-freshed sweetpotato decreased significantly compared with the control under shading treatments.Shading treatments not only significantly increased amylose content and the ratio between amylose and amylopectin,but also significantly decreased peak viscosity,break down,set back and pasting temperature of Jishu18.However,the above-mentioned starch qualities of Ayamuraski were against to those of Jishu18.Soluble sugar and soluble protein increased significantly accompaned by rising of shading degree in two cultivars.In addition,anthocyanidin content and accumulation rate declined significantly under shading treatments,compared with Ayamuraski,the response to stress of Jishu18 was more sensitive.Researches showed that shading treatments changed root qualities of purple-freshed sweetpotao and displayed difference between varieties.【Conclusion】 Shading treatments can significantly decrease dry matter,starch content and starch accumulation ratio,anthocyanidin content and anthocyanidin accumulation in tuber root of purple-freshed sweetpotato,while the quality of root starch varied in the different sweetpotato varities under shading treatments.


Despite excellent average-case performance of many image classifiers, their performance can substantially deteriorate on semantically coherent subgroups of the data that were under-represented in the training data. These systematic errors can impact both fairness for demographic minority groups as well as robustness and safety under domain shift. A major challenge is to identify such subgroups with subpar performance when the subgroups are not annotated and their occurrence is very rare. We leverage recent advances in text-to-image models and search in the space of textual descriptions of subgroups ("prompts") for subgroups where the target model has low performance on the prompt-conditioned synthesized data. To tackle the exponentially growing number of subgroups, we employ combinatorial testing. We denote this procedure as PromptAttack as it can be interpreted as an adversarial attack in a prompt space. We study subgroup coverage and identifiability with PromptAttack in a controlled setting and find that it identifies systematic errors with high accuracy. Thereupon, we apply PromptAttack to ImageNet classifiers and identify novel systematic errors on rare subgroups.


A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2005–06 and 2006–07 at Avikanagar (Rajasthan) on malt variety of barley cv. RD 2618 to find out the economic rate and optimal time of nitrogen application for better quality and higher yield of irrigated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Application of 90 kg N/ha gave the highest grain (38.35 q/ha), straw (50.44 q/ha) yield and crude protein content in grain and straw (13.21 and 7.26%). The efficiency of N application was also higher when it was applied in 3 equal splits, i.e. at sowing, crown root initiation (CRI) and first node (FN) stage with respect to grain and straw yields. Results of pooled data showed that application of nitrogen in 3 equal splits gave 1.15 and 3.16 q/ha higher grain yield and 1.91 and 4.96 q/ha straw yield over other split combinations (½ at sowing and ½ at CRI stage and ½ each at sowing and FN stage). Application of 90 kg N/ha in three equal splits each at sowing, CRI and first node stage was found better in obtaining higher gross return (Rs. 33570/ha), net return (Rs.19307/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.35) as compared to other modes of split application.


Forecasting motion and spatial positions of objects is of fundamental importance, especially in safety-critical settings such as autonomous driving. In this work, we address the issue by forecasting two different modalities that carry complementary information, namely optical flow and depth. To this end we propose FLODCAST a flow and depth forecasting model that leverages a multitask recurrent architecture, trained to jointly forecast both modalities at once. We stress the importance of training using flows and depth maps together, demonstrating that both tasks improve when the model is informed of the other modality. We train the proposed model to also perform predictions for several timesteps in the future. This provides better supervision and leads to more precise predictions, retaining the capability of the model to yield outputs autoregressively for any future time horizon. We test our model on the challenging Cityscapes dataset, obtaining state of the art results for both flow and depth forecasting. Thanks to the high quality of the generated flows, we also report benefits on the downstream task of segmentation forecasting, injecting our predictions in a flow-based mask-warping framework.


A variety of challenges and problems are encountered by unstable rock failure which is associated with in situ stress, geological structures, geometry, excavation sequence, groundwater and operational conditions. It is basically required predicting ground behaviour and rock failure mechanism in a modern design of underground excavations. The complexity of ground conditions and uncertainties make it more difficult to control and avoid occurrences of failure. Ground management is a process to predict rock mass behaviour and failure modes, and apply proper ground support systems. Hazard identification and failure mechanism assessments assist in selecting suitable design method(s) to manage risks. The aim of this paper is to consider the main types of rock structure and rock mass behaviour modes to outline ground management in underground excavation design. Evaluation of rock mass instability conditions by proper design methods can provide a safe environment in working stopes. The Karari underground gold mine has been used as a case study. The rock mass structure was characterised as jointed/blocky/bedded class and ground behaviour types identified for evaluation were 'intact rock failure', 'structural failure' and 'water effect'. The primary planning for ground management established to evaluate rockbolts, mesh and shotcrete as a ground support system, and using smooth blasting/sequential excavation method in faults and shear zones to control possible failures in the portal access of the mine.


In a steady-state tokamak, impurity production and transport from plasma facing components will have to be controlled. Recent results from several divertor tokamaks suggest the importance of chemical sputtering as an impurity production mechanism. However, since impurity production is minimized in high recycling divertor configurations, the quantitative characterization of impurity generation is more difficult than in the high heat flux environment of a limiter configuration. A quantitative study of the role of temperature dependent sputtering mechanisms on the outboard limiter in Tore Supra was performed. The methane flux proved to be significantly reduced above surface temperatures of 1,100 C and negligible above 1,300 C. The peak in the methane yield as a function of surface temperature is consistent with lab results. It was determined that chemical sputtering (early in the shot) had a small, to negligible, impact on the C{sup +} flux; while RES (late in the shot) had a strong impact on the C{sup +} flux. However, from the Z{sub eff} measurements, it was concluded that neither process contributed to the core carbon content.


This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and adapts its observer reporting version to the Portuguese population. The sample consisted of 604 adolescents 15 to 18 years old ( M =15.99, SD =.97). Reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha revealed indices of .86/.81 for the totality of the instrument in the father and mother version respectively, with indices that varied between .48/.85 for the respective subscales. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated mismatched values for the goodness of fit indices. The analysis of principal components study confirmed the original structure of the instrument organized in three factors that revealed the presence of a permissive item saturating into another factor. Semantic analysis of this item and its respective reor-ganization verified adequate goodness of fit indices. The new factor structure of the PSDQis proposed as more adjusted to the Portuguese culture. How to cite this article: Nunes, F., & Mota, C. (2018). Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire – Adaption of the Observer Reporting Version to the Portuguese Population.  Revista Colombiana de Psicologia, 27 (1), 117-131. doi: https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v27n1.64621


The discipline of local teachers college become comprehensive in the transition period is one of the basic features.Comprehensive transition changes the organizational structure of local teachers college.The academy system which based on the discipline is the organization guarantee to strengthen the discipline construction management for the local teachers college.College-level organizations should definitude its orientation both in the disciplines construction management,also implement the corresponding duties from top-level design of disciplines construction and within the environment optimization of the disciplines organization for the college-level,the coordination of college-level discipline construction power system,and the management of discipline team and members.


The incidence and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia related cardiovascular events (CVEs) are high, it affects the cardiovascular system through a variety of complex pathogenesis, how to reduce its morbidity and mortality and improve the prognosis? It has always been a severe challenge for clinicians.This article focuses on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CAP related CVEs prevention and treatment, in order to provide new ideas and countermeasures for the diagnosis.

Key words:
Pneumonia; Community-acquired infections; Cardiovascular diseases


The usefulness of genetic testing for risk assessment relies on three parameters: the probability that a given phenotype reflects a genetic trait, the genetic heterogeneity, and the allelic heterogeneity. Concerning breast cancer genetic testing, all these parameters preclude easy genetic diagnosis of a woman with a breast cancer family history and require careful interpretation particularly in the case of a negative result. However, once a mutation has been identified in a family, genetic testing can be offered to the relatives, with a clear positive or negative result. Indeed, as breast cancer is a very common disease, family history may be due to chance without a predisposing gene segregating in the family. However, the probability of a family member being carrier of a predisposing gene can be evaluated taking into account his/her personal and family history (age and affection status for breast and ovarian cancer for all family members) under an established genetic model for breast cancer such as proposed by E. Claus [2,3]. Linkage analyses performed in a large set of families with at least four breast cancer cases, which indicate that BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations account for the vast majority of familial forms of breast-ovarian cancers (95%) and for 65% of hereditary breast cancer-only cases, provide evidence for the genetic heterogeneity of inherited breast cancers and the probable existence of still unidentified genes [5]. In addition, the BRCAl and BRCA2 genes exhibit high allelic heterogeneity: 1.070 different germline variants of which 664 are inactivating mutations have been reported in the international database for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (the Breast Cancer Information Core (BIC)). Only in a few populations (e.g. Icelandic, Ashkenazi Jewish) is breast cancer predisposition primarily due to a small number of founder mutations. Truncating mutations involving point or small size alteration have been predominantly reported, however, large rearrangements may occur in 10% to 25% of BRCA1 truncating mutations [6,7]. In addition, about 10% of the reported mutations are missense mutations. Except for a few cases, their functional relevance remains to be clarified. The strategy of molecular analysis in women with a breast cancer family history must take into account all these difficulties and relies on: the number of available cases in the family, the choice of the index case, the existence of a founder effect, the nature of the family history. Since the indirect approach by linkage analysis will be applicable in very few families [4] direct analysis for mutation will be performed, generally with a screening method for point or small size mutations initially to save costs. The probability of detecting a point mutation was estimated to be about 63% in large families with disease due to BRCA1 [5]. It must be emphasized that this low detection rate is due to both the incomplete sensitivity of the screening Short Communication


The major aim of this article is to analyse the concept of revolution and changes within the theory of revolution. Theorising about radical social changes raised questions which still have not been answered: how is revolution different from other social changes? Does it have the beginning and the end? Is it a result of chance or a necessity? Why does it take place at a particular time, in a given place? How does it evolve? These basic problems are still the subject of study today.


In June 2007,the Victorian Institute of Teaching made a standard of teacher education curriculum,The Standards,Guidelines and Process for the Accreditation of Pre-service Teacher Education Courses.This standards' design philosophy is "teacher professionalism",the design model is the "Taylor model",and the priority point is "practice".And it draws some revelation for the development of standards for teacher education programs in China: updating the concept,focusing on students' needs,paying attention to practice,promoting teacher professionalism,strengthening cooperation,building the partnership between schools,and establishing the standard evaluation system which is an important guarantee for the quality.


The discovery of high transition temperature, Tc, superconductivity in copperoxide-based ceramics by Bednörz and Miiller, and the subsequent increase in T_c above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (77 K), renewed interest in employing superconducting thin films in high-speed, low-power electronic device applications (e.g., compact high-quality factor filters, delay lines, and Josephson elements for high-speed, low-power switching). However, realization of these benefits requires well-controlled, reliable superconducting thin film technology which addresses not only the growth of superconducting thin films, but also the development of a multilayer device technology encompassing materials with metallic, semiconducting, and insulating properties.


Introduction: Cesarean delivery is increasing throughout the globe. It is increasing here in Nepal too. There are inequalities in cesarean deliveries in urban and rural/remote areas. Through this study, we tried to see the Cesarean delivery rate in one of the remote districts of Nepal and audited the Cesarean deliveries as per the Robson classification system.
Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study based on secondary data collection of sixteen months (Aug 2019 to Dec 2020) was designed for this purpose. We collected data from the health management and information system (HMIS) maternity registry and record files of inpatients located in District Hospital, Terhathum. We used the Robson classification system and Robson reporting table for the analysis purpose.
Result: We included 495 participants. The overall Cesarean rate was 12.9%. Robson group 1 i.e. nulliparous, single, cephalic, >37 weeks of gestation contributed most (40.63%) in cesarean delivery followed by group 5 (17.19%) i.e. multiparous, single, cephalic, >37 weeks of gestation with previous Cesarean section (CS).
Conclusion:  In our study, the main contributor to CS was Robson group 1 i.e. nulliparous, single, cephalic >37 weeks of gestation followed by group 5 i.e. multiparous, single, cephalic >37 weeks of gestation with previous CS. Though the CS rate is within the WHO recommendation, we need to intervene to decrease CS in low-risk groups and strengthen hospital facilities for vaginal birth after Cesarean (VBAC).


Beginning in 2005, the GE Foundation initiated a commitment of expertise and financial resources to a set of urban school districts to improve public education and enhance student achievement in mathematics and science. With strong emphasis on stakeholder engagement, the GE Foundation's Developing FuturesTM in Education program pursued a strategy of: (1) facilitating school board, union, and district leaders to work together to articulate system goals and priorities; (2) helping district leaders to build systemic change processes and develop internal-management capacity; and (3) supporting district science and mathematics initiatives through materials alignment, coaching, professional development, and other capacity-building measures. This report analyzes the impacts of the GE Foundation commitment to the partner districts by examining trends in student performance in mathematics over time in four districts. We hypothesized that the GE Foundation's collaborative efforts with the district educators would produce detectable and significant improvements in student outcomes. Disciplines Curriculum and Instruction | Educational Leadership | Educational Methods | Education Economics | Science and Mathematics Education | Teacher Education and Professional Development | Urban Education Comments View on the CPRE website. This report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/72 CONSORTIUM FOR POLICY RESEARCH IN EDUCATION The Impact of the GE Foundation Developing FuturesTM in Education Program on Mathematics Performance Trends in Four Districts


The Venturi Combo Lube Filter (VCLF) is a new method for achieving a bypass level of filtration. The new product employs a unique venturi type nozzle with a full-flow and bypass type filter element. Plumbing is much simpler and differs significantly from conventional full-flow/bypass filtration systems. Internally, the VCLF's components are arranged to direct and force fluid through the restrictive/efficient bypass media at a much higher flow rate than conventional systems. The increased flow rate yields improved performance which has been proven via laboratory and field tests. In addition, a parasitic pumping loss (bypass filter flow) is removed. INTRODUCTION This paper introduces a new product referred to as the VCLF and its use in a particular application lubrication systems of internal combustion engines. Specifically, topics covered include why the new product was developed, how its performance compares to a benchmark product, and product benefits.


Letters from:

[ Pratibha Chaturvedi and Rinee Mukherjee ][1]

[ Fred Lenherr ][1]

"Surfing the Net" can be confusing if one does not know what to look for or where to look. The recent article by Floyd E. Bloom ([15 Nov., p. 1104][2]) will be helpful to neuroscientists and provides


This paper presents a new concurrency control protocol VB-SCC in real-time embedded database.The main idea of VB-SCC is try to improve the total value of concurrency transactions in embedded database.VB-SCC associates with the real-time transaction model based on function alternative.At last,the performance is compared with VOSP,VPSP through a simulation system.It proves that VB-SCC protocol has better stability than VOSP VPSP protocols.


Biomass burning and human activities are releasing large amounts of aerosols into the atmosphere. In addition, desert dust particles have increased substantially in the atmosphere over the past 30 years due to larger areas of soil exposed to the atmosphere and the drying of lake beds. These particles enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation. They also produce brighter clouds that are less efficient at releasing precipitation. These in turn lead to large reductions in the amount of solar irradiance reaching Earth's surface, a corresponding increase in solar heating of the atmosphere, changes in atmospheric temperature structure, suppression of rainfall, and less efficient removal of pollutants. These aerosol effects can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to the availability of fresh water that could result in a major environmental issue (Twomey, 1977; Albrecht, 1989, Ramanathan et al. 2001). Aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation is obviously complex a multi-order problem. Evidence of cloud and precipitation changes due to aerosols (changes in "natural" Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Ice Nuclei (IN)) is becoming widespread. There is ample evidence that biomass burning, desert dust and other anthropogenic sources of aerosols affect the radiative properties of clouds and precipitation processes in clouds leading also to changes in the dynamical processes in clouds (i.e. effects on cloud structures and lifetimes). Increased CCN lead to higher droplet concentrations and narrower droplet spectra (which manifests itself as a higher cloud albedo) leading to suppressed drizzle formation and longer lasting stratiform clouds (shiptrack studies, Albrecht, 1989). Desert dust on the other hand affects ice processes by providing efficient IN. However, when and if desert dust gets coated with sulfates it might act as a giant CCN further complicating aerosol-cloud effects. Recent satellite studies of cloud microstructure downwind of biomass burning in Indonesia, Australia, and other areas have suggested similar effects (suppressed precipitation


Objective:To establish a method for determining the content of baicalin in Qingguo oral liquid. Methods:High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was adopted in the determination with Elite C18 column(4.6 mm × 200 mm,5 μm),mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphoric acid(47∶53∶0.2)at 280 nm of wavelength. Results:Good linear relationship of baicalin presented in the range of 0.039~0.391 mg·ml-1,r=0.999 5. The average recovery of baicalin was 101.98%,RSD was 1.22%. Conclusion:The method is simple in operation and can be adopted for the determination of baicalin concentration in Qingguo oral liquid.


Abstract : A simple model is developed which permits us to calculate the sudden ionospheric frequency deviation which would be caused by a known solar X-ray burst, or vice-versa, to calculate the time profile of the X-ray burst responsible for an observed frequency deviation. This model is also used to compare the frequency deviations observed during six solar flares with the time profiles of the solar emissions at centimeter and X-ray (0.5-10 A) wavelengths which accompanied the flares. Better time and spectral resolution are needed in order to permit a detailed comparison of the variations in the X-ray flux with the ionospherically induced frequency deviations.


An in vivo assay of ablastin activity was developed by passive transfer of ablastic serum into nude mice. Preparations of Trypanosoma musculi that contained 35 to 50% dividing forms removed ablastic activity from mouse serum, but absorption of serum with a parasite preparation consisting of less than 5% dividing forms did not appreciably alter ablastic activity. These data suggest that ablastin is an antibody that can be absorbed onto homologous trypanosomes.


A herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector in which the mammalian promoter for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) controls expression of a marker gene was analyzed for its ability to drive expression of this foreign gene in culture and in vivo. In cultured cells, the vector appeared to give neuron-specific expression. Introduction of 10(6) pfu of the virus into the adult rat caudate nucleus by stereotactic injection was not toxic to the animals and yielded beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)-positive neurons for at least 30 days after viral inoculation. This recombinant herpes virus vector is the first described to use a mammalian promoter to yield extended expression of a foreign gene product in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS).


Especially in view of the increasing skill shortage, the retention of information technology (IT) workers in organizations remains one of the three most important IT management issues for practitioners [11]. Organizations are confronted with two relevant behavioral outcomes on behalf of IT workers in this context: turnover and turnaway. While turnover means that IT workers leave their employer and start working for another employer while staying in the IT profession, turnaway reflects the abandonment of the IT profession [9]. Previous research emerging from the CPR community examines a variety of factors that lead to IT workers' turnover and turnaway, e.g. perceived job alternatives [10, 12], job satisfaction, organizational commitment [13], or personality attributes [5]. These can be classified into three categories on a superior level: individual, job-related, and organization-related factors [10]. Do these factors no longer fit with the IT workers' expectations, the intention to turn over or turn away is developed. The influence of the existing or absent fit on workers' individual outcomes, such as turnover or turnaway, is grounded in person-environment fit theory [6, 8]. In the work-related context, this environment fit consists of five dimensions: --person-vocation fit (the worker's fit with the profession s/he chose), --person-job fit (the worker's fit with the job s/he is currently working in), --person-organization fit (the worker's fit with the organization, where s/he is currently employed), --person-group fit (the worker's fit with the work group or team s/he is working with), and --person-person fit (the worker's fit with her/his supervisor). The person-environment fit theory has already taken up in information systems research examining the development of single fit dimensions out of work-related factors [14, 15]. In our research, we focus on the entirety of fit dimensions as included in the person-environment fit theory as well as on their influence of IT workers' turnover and turnaway intention. The analysis will be performed along different demographic characteristics, which have been evidently shown to play a role in previous studies on turnover and turnaway: age [7], gender [9], work experience, and job type [5] (see Figure 1).


The aim of this study is to set forth institutional image perception of bank clients on their own banks with social responsibility concept. Furthermore, it was tried to establish whether evaluation of clients differ according to demographic characteristics and different banks they work with. However, expectations of clients related to the subject and differences between evaluation of current situation of their banks are tried to determined. Questionnaire techniqe is utilised as data gathering tool and answers of 537 participants take place in whole analyses. As a result, it is established that, there is a non- omitted relation between percepted institutional image and economic, legal, ethic, discretion dimensions of social responsibility concept.


Using a new Colombian data set (1830-2000), we analyze how changes in the electoral legislation with regard to the characteristics of voters (in terms of education and income levels) has affected fiscal policy in electoral times. In line with economic theory, we show that after the law was reformed in 1936 the composition of the expenditure shifted towards social spending (like education, health, and welfare benefits) but there was decreased spending on infrastructure and investment projects (like roads). Consistent with the literature, we also find: 1.The timing and the size of the political budget cycles changed after 1936 and 2.After 1936 there was a shift in the funding mechanisms from indirect tax revenues to more debt.


Abstract A new method of calculating the Σ matrix is based on a polynomial fitted point-wise to the function coth(hc ωk/2kT). Equations in closed form are deduced for the two-dimensional case and for T = O in particular. The method is applied to derive in closed form the meansquare amplitude at absolute zero for the bond distance in a water-type molecule.


This paper presents a method of indexing cases for case-based evaluation assistant systems of novice programs. Program lists in evaluation cases should be represented in intact target programming language, because special forms of program lists put heavy burdens on teachers who are users of the systems. However, intact forms of program lists cannot cover that many variations. Therefore, indexes to cases should be constructed by using information of generalized program lists in order to expand the variations of program lists covered by one case. We propose a three level index of evaluation cases for novice programs written in a simple assembly language. Practical use in actual classes and retrieval experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed index method.


The XXI century modern societies, are continuously being characterized by features that were inexistent in the past. One of the most prominent features is the rapid development of information technology and media. Nowadays, human life is interdependent in many ways by the media, by the information that we receive on a daily basis, mostly by the TV but also by other means of mass communication. The TV, the internet and the media, in general, are a core part of our life and not only it is impossible to live without them but on the contrary, humans become more and more involved in them. Based on the importance of the media and its role in the society, numerous scholars are focusing on studies aiming to achieve a correct, healthy and unbiased relationship between the media and the citizen. Media literacy is the discipline that aims at "illuminating" the realities which are unseen in this communication and which risk not to create interaction but interdependence of the society from the media. This can be achieved by orienting this discipline towards the pedagogical aspect of teaching, aiming at equipping the future citizens with the necessary skills and knowledge in regards to their relationship with the media. Keywords: Media Literacy, media, education.


In the core of this article stands an argument that while ethnocracy was a relevant analytical framework for understanding the urban dynamics of Jerusalem\al-Quds up until two decades ago, this is no longer the case. As this article demonstrates, over the past twenty years or so, the city's geopolitical balance and its means of demographic control, as well as an intensifying militarization and a growing use of state violence, have transformed the city from an ethnocracity into an urban apartheid. Theoretically, this article aims to go beyond the specific analogy with South African apartheid, the most notorious case of such a regime. Rather I would suggest that in our current market-driven, neo-liberal era, an apartheid city should be taken as a distinct urban regime based on urban trends such as privatization of space, gentrification, urban design, infrastructure development and touristic planning. I would propose that these practices substitute for explicit apartheid legislation (of a sort introduced in the South African case), bringing to the fore new participants in the apartheidization of the city, such as real estate developers and various interest groups. Introduction The development of urban areas in Israel/Palestine has been strongly framed by an ethnonational drive for Judaization, segregation and division (Yiftachel 2006; Yacobi 2009). Hence, ethnically mixed regions in general and cities in particular are both uncommon and by nature unplanned, often resulting from a spatial process of ethnic expansion and retreat, globally prevalent in contested urban spaces. Mixed cities were conceptualized as urban ethnocracies, or 'ethnocracities', wherein a hegemonic group colonizes, appropriates and controls a city's apparatus, producing a contested space and social instability (Yacobi 2009). Jerusalem\al-Quds has already been defined as a clear example of an urban ethnocracy (Yiftachel and Yacobi 2002). As elaborated by Yiftachel (2006), an ethnocracy is a distinct regime type, designed to impose and expand a dominant ethno-nation's control in multiCosmopolitan Civil Societies Journal, Vol.8, No.3, 2016 101 ethnic territories. In such regimes, ethnicity, rather than citizenship, forms the main criterion in the distribution of power and resources. Consequently, ethnocracies typically display high levels of non-uniform ethnic segregation. Importantly, ethnocratic regimes sometimes combine a degree of political openness and formal democratic representation with political structures that facilitates the seizure of contested territory by a dominant ethno-nation. At the same time, the dominant group appropriates the state apparatus and control over capital flows, marginalizing peripheral ethnic and national minorities. In the urban context, ethnocratic control involves forceful seizure of land, formal legislation, an exclusivist public discourse and invisible means of control. These forces are often 'muffled' under an official and legal understanding of the city as a space enabling social mobility, residence and political activism. Hence, these forces seemingly enable but practically undermine the promise of the city as a democratic arena for all of its inhabitants (Yiftachel and Yacobi 2004). While ethnocracy was a relevant analytical framework for understanding the urban dynamics of Jerusalem\al-Quds up until two decades ago, this is no longer the case. Over the past twenty years or so, the city's geopolitical balance and its means of demographic control, as well as an intensifying militarization and a growing use of state violence, have transformed the city from an ethnocracity into an urban apartheid. Distinguishing between the two urban regimes does not suggest that urban apartheid is essentially a different form of control, but rather a radicalization of the ethnocratic phase. The transition from ethnocratic regime into urban apartheid can be demonstrated by the way in which the Palestinian Ghetto (the product of urban ethnocratic policies) has been turned into a frontier. Ron (2003) proposes that a frontier is a territory that is not integrated into the realm of influence of a state's legal apparatus, thus enabling an exercise of 'illegal' power. A Ghetto, on the other hand, despite being a space of exclusion, is still under the influence of the controlling state law. Ron considers 1992 Bosnia to be an example of a frontier, where violent actions included ethnic cleansing. He considers the Occupied Territories in the 1990s to have been a ghetto in relation to Israel, and claims that despite the outbreak of the First Intifada in late 1987, the rough measures taken by Israel did not amount to expulsion or demographic engineering. I would suggest that this is no longer the case – for the Palestinian Ghetto in Jerusalem is undergoing a rapid frontierization (Pullan 2011), characterized by 102 Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Journal, Vol.8, No.3, 2016 escalation in state violence, collective punishment and the attempt to empty large Palestinian neighborhoods of their inhabitants and at solidifying the separation between Jewish and Palestinian populations. Such processes support the transformation of the city into a territorial entity under apartheid. In this article, I wish to go beyond the specific analogy with South African apartheid, the most notorious case of such a regime. Other scholars have applied the concept of apartheid regime to cities and spaces produced, engineered and controlled along ethnic and racial lines, attempting to divide, isolate and exclude racial and ethnic minorities (Massey and Denton 1993; Abu-Lughod 1981). The reference to apartheid regimes as a wider typology of political control was well defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, adopted in 1998 (four years after South African apartheid came to its formal end). The Rome Statute defines apartheid as 'inhumane acts [...] committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime'. Indeed, according to the logic of international law, apartheid ends with the elimination of legalized racial discrimination and the transformation of the racial state. However, even an examination of South Africa post-1994 reveals the pitfalls of such an approach, and the necessity to move beyond the legal-liberal definition of apartheid as a form of control (Clarno 2015). Rather, Clarno calls to adopt a political-economic understanding of apartheid regimes (yet not in the urban context) that combines ethnic exclusion and racial capitalism stemming from neoliberal agenda. In other words, in our current market-driven, neo-liberal era, an apartheid city should be taken as a distinct urban regime based on urban trends such as privatization of space, gentrification, urban design, infrastructure development and touristic planning. These practices substitute for explicit apartheid legislation (of a sort introduced in the South African case), bringing to the fore new participants in the apartheidization of the city, such as real estate developers and various interest groups. Moreover, political economy analysis of current apartheid urbanism also reveals the new trends of racialization and exclusion as well as new patterns of mobility in the city. 1 http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/apartheid/ Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Journal, Vol.8, No.3, 2016 103 The innovation of the approach outlined above stems from the fact that contested urbanism has been studied along two separated lines which are often understood as contradicting each other, and studied separately: one is the ethno-national contested city and the other is the neoliberal city. In the former that dominates the discourse, the first generation of literature on the 'Jerusalem conflict' focused on the city being 'divided', as a 'top-down' subject of Israeli national aspirations. This literature analyzed the colonial power of the state from the perspective of its legislative, planning and military mechanisms. Recently published works (e.g., Pullan et al. 2013; Dumper 2014) can be seen as a second-generation analysis of the city, offering a more nuanced understanding of urban processes. These present Jerusalem as an arena of highly-charged power relations, a contested space that is continuously produced and reproduced by 'bottom-up' protest, global forces and a wide spectrum of political institutions (NGOs, religious organizations, professionals). In the specific context of Jerusalem, though, some of the processes discussed in the extant literature can be seen as even more radicalized: over the last few years, groups of Jewish settlers have colonized new houses in central Palestinian neighborhoods such as Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan; Jewish worshippers were murdered in a synagogue by Palestinian residents of Jerusalem; closures were imposed on Palestinian villages; and more generally, Israeli military forces and Palestinian protestors alike were involved in escalating tension and clashes around the city. But the logic behind the increased 'security' measures fails to solve the conflict, facilitating, instead, the process of apartheidization, as I will elaborate presently. The making of colonial space 'Jerusalem is the eternal capital of the Jewish people, a city reunified so as never again to be divided... Our people's unparalleled affinity to Jerusalem has spanned thousands of years, and is the basis of our national renaissance. It has united our people, secular and religious alike' (PM Benjamin Netanyahu, May 21, 2009). The statement above, by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, expresses the mainstream Israeli understanding of the city as 'unified Jerusalem,' a fixed urban space, a given subject of Israeli sovereignty and ethno-national aspirations. But in fact, the city of 2 See: http://www.haaretz.com/news/netanyahu-jerusalem-ho


PLA fibers were electrospun from a PLA (poly lactic acid) solution in mixed solvent of methylene chloride/ethyl alcohol (80/20). In order to prepare PLA fibers from electrospinning, with Streptomycin(0.l wt%-0.5 wt% to the amounts of PLA) as a antibiotics material in methylene chloride/ethyl alcohol (80/20). PLA solutions were electrospun at 15kV positive voltage. 10 cm tip-to-collector distances (TCD). 100 ㎕/min solution flow rate. The PLA nanofibers were characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy). Antimicrobial activities of nanofibers was evaluted by disc diffusion test, optical density test and colony counting test against E. Coli and S. Aureus.


Seismic risk assessment is more challenging for infrastructure systems than for single, non-interacting components, especially when network-level interaction is included in the analysis. Accounting for the interdependencies of the spatially distributed demands and of the capacity does significantly affect reliability and risk assessment. The spatial distribution of the ground motion intensity is one of the main sources of dependences among the components' response, and models for predicting the correlation of the most commonly used intensity measures (peak ground acceleration, spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of vibration, spectral acceleration at multiple periods, etc.) at different locations are available in literature. However, when these models are applied to system-level analysis, it is still to be determined if the capacity of different components (modelled by the fragility function) should be considered as dependent or independent. Dependence can derive from two sources: on one hand, epistemic uncertainty can be common across many components, on the other, the seismic intensity may be just an incomplete summary of the seismic event, not able to capture relevant features of the demand. Because of this, an assessment of the response that only accounts for the interdependence in the seismic intensity may underestimate the actual dependence. To investigate such a loss of information about the correlation between structural responses, we perform non-linear analyses of a RC bridge, using sets of ground motions recorded during the same event at two different locations, and compare actual and predicted interdependence. From the simulations' results, we investigate the accuracy of system-level analysis.


Objective:To investigate the etiology of hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure during the past30years and provide more information on the treatment strategy of heart failure.Methods:All data were taken from the hospitalized cases with chronic heart failure from July1973to July2002,and were divided intoⅠ,ⅡandⅢgroups with10years in each group.The etiological change,sex,age characteristic and mortality rate were analyzed.Results:2025cases were enrolled and the proportion of heart failure to the whole hospi-talized patients with cardiac diseases was14.76%.The proportion of male to female was1∶1.07and the av-erage age was(61.17±14.75)years old.The proportion of group I,Ⅱ,Ⅲto the whole hospitalized patients cardiac diseases were20.49%,8.65%and17.21%respectively.The primary cause of chronic heart failure had changed from rheumatic valve heart disease to coronary heart disease.The age in groupⅢwas higher than that in groupⅠandⅡin rheumatic valve heart disease and coronary heart disease.The total mortality was12.05%and the proportion to all the death cases was29.8%.Conclusion:The primary diseases causing chronic heart failure in the hospitalized patients shifted from rheumatic heart disease to the coronary heart disease during the past30years,aging and coronary heart disease became the most important factors in chronic heart failure.


To assess the metabolic profile and the prevalence of the metabolic triad (i.e. hyperinsulinaemia, hyperapobetalipoproteinaemia, and decreased low‐density lipoprotein particle size) in women characterized by the hypertriglyceridaemic waist (HTGW) phenotype and to identify cut‐off values for triglycerides and waist circumference, effectively discriminating women with the metabolic triad.


The behavior of polarization and spin density of polarized light waves propagating inside an anisotropic medium is considered.Differing from the light in an isotropic medium,the polarization states and helicity eigenstates of the light waves will evolve in the anisotropic medium.The evolutional spin densities of both the circularly and the elliptically polarized light waves have been calculated,and the effects relevant to the polarization state evolution have been analyzed.An optical analog of Einstein-de Haas experimental scenario has been suggested in order to test the angular momentum transfer between light waves and anisotropic media.Such evolutional states of light would find potential applications in the field of quantum information.


52 U.S. Cl. .......................... 426,595. 426,504.426,456 comprising the steps of 426/443; 426/470; 426/471 (1) foaming the coffee extract by gas injection; 58 Field of Search ..................................... 426/594, 650, (2) homogenizing the foamed extract of step(?) to reduce 426/651, 448,388,432, 433, 434, 474, gas bubble size to five microns or less, and 475, 476,595, 456, 443, 470, 471 (3) spray drying the homogenized extract of step (2) under drier outlet temperature and Spray preSSure conditions 56) References Cited effective to produce a Soluble espreSSO coffee powder U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS wherein a majority of Void space in the soluble espresso powder is comprised of gas bubbles having a size of 10 3,620,756 11/1971 Strobel et al. .............................. 99/71 microns or less. 3,749,378 7/1973 Rhodes ......... ... 99/71 4,618,500 10/1986 Forquer......... ... 426/433 The resulting Soluble espreSSO coffee powder, upon recon 4,830,869 5/1989 Wimmers et al. ... ... 426/595 Stitution with hot water, produces a foam which Simulates 4,903,585 2/1990 Wimmers et al. ........................ 99/275 the foam formed on espreSSO made from roasted and ground 5,079,026 1/1992 Arora et al. ............................ 426/594 espreSSO coffee. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS


Pseudo xanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare genetic disorder of elastic tissues. It is also known as Gronblad-
Strandberg syndrome, but this is not used in the present time(1). It is a multisystem disorder with protean
neuro-occular, vascular and skin manifestations. We report an unusual presentation of this disease in the form
of progressive spastic tetraparesis in a young man. No similar case, to the best of our knowledge has been
reported previously in the literature.


The coronavirus disease 2019 protection behavior in the community of juveniles in the northern region can have an impact on the lifestyles of people in the community if the juveniles ignore or do not follow protective measures against coronavirus disease 2019. The research aims to 1) identify significant predictors and prediction of psychological traits and situations involving the coronavirus disease 2019 protection behavior in the community and 2) investigate risk groups and protective factors. The sample consists of 600 juveniles obtained from the multi-stage quota random sampling. The analytic statistics used to test the hypotheses were the enter and stepwise methods of multiple regression analysis and the three - way analysis of variance.The findings revealed that psychological traits, situations, and psychological states can predict 56.80% of the coronavirus disease 2019 protection behavior in the community. The most significant predictor is a positive attitude towards the coronavirus disease 2019 protection behavior (β=.29), followed by future orientation and self-control regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 protection (β=.27), love-reasoned child rearing practice (β=.22), observance of media on the coronavirus disease 2019 protection behaviors (β=.18), observance of their parents' coronavirus disease 2019 protection behaviors (β=.13), moral disengagement concerning Covid-19 prevention (β=.10), and emotional quotient (β=.08), respectively. Additionally, it was found that male juveniles and juveniles who lack protective equipment are at high risk and require urgent care. The research recommended protective development guideline to raise awareness of juveniles about the coronavirus disease 2019 protection behavior in the community with the coordination of public and civic sectors in the community.


Simulation on protein G domain B1 (1GB1) have been performed using NAMD2. This protein is well-known for its high termal stability (melting point about 363 K) and attract many scientists to study it. The aim of this research is to study the effect of mutation on salt-bridge pairs GLU15-LYS4 to the thermal stability of 1GB1 protein. The pair was chosen based on simulation analysis for native structure (wild-type) in which non-binding energy towards zero when unfolding occurred (t=678 ps). Mutations were done by interchanging the position of the pair, neutralizing one of the residue, and neutralizing both residues in the pair. This research is focused on observing the changes caused by the mutations without paying attention to the change of protein function. The results show that neutralizing GLU15 to ASN 15 would increase the thermal stability which indicated by longer unfolding time at 820 ps.


A short report is provided of a meta–study of methodological pluralism in qualitative research; that is, of the use of two or more qualitative methods to analyse the same data set. Ten eligible papers were identified and assessed. Their contents are described with respect to theory, methods and findings, and their possible implications discussed in relation to a series of wider debates in qualitative research more generally.


In ensuring the continued survival of mobile robot,in order to minimize energy consumption,some operation rules of the basic operators were defined to improve particle swarm algorithm.A method based on dynamic energy threshold and improved particle swarm algorithm for single-robot and multi-charging station optimal path planning was presented to achieve near-optimal energy consumption.The simulation results in the case of single-charging station and multi-charging station show this method has a very good searching ability and convergence efficiency;ensuring the continued survival of mobile robots,energy consumption in the path planning in the case of two charging stations decreases 7.03% than that of single-charging station.Therefore,increasing charging stations in the right place can reduce energy consumption.


The angular distribution of K x rays emitted following K conversion has been investigated theoretically. It is shown that the static nuclear quadrupole moment may sufficiently perturb the innermost electron shell to cause anisotropy in the angular distribution between the K x rays and the coincident ..gamma.. rays, as suggested by Sen and subsequently confirmed experimentally by Sen, Salie, and Tomchuk. (AIP)


Computers will soon be an integral part of the classroom and home environment of children, yet there are unanswered questions concerning their effects on young children's cognition; Particularly salient are largely unsubstantiated claims concerning the cognitive benefits of computer programming. This study assessed the effects of learning computer programming on children's cognitive style (reflectivity, divergent thinking), metacognitive ability, cognitive development (operational competence, general cognitive measures), and ability to describe directions. Eighteen 6-year-old children were pretested to assess receptive vocabulary, impulsivity/reflectivity, and divergent-thinking abilities. The children were then randomly assigned to one of two treatments, computer programming or computer-assisted instruction (CAI), that lasted 12 weeks. Posttesting revealed that the programming group scored significantly higher on measures of reflectivity and on two measures of divergent thinking, whereas the CAI group showed no significant pre- to posttest differences. The programming group outperformed the CAI group on measures of metacognitive ability and ability to describe directions. No differences were found on measures of cognitive development. The increasing acceptance of the critical necessity for children to become computer literate is leading to an increased prominence of computers in the home and school environment. Yet there are unanswered questions regarding the effects of computer use on children's thinking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of computer programming on 6-year:old children's cognitive style, metacognitive abilities, cognitive development, and ability to describe directions. Seymour Papert, one of the creators of the computer language Logo and a leading exponent of the use of computer programming to expand children's intellectual power, based his ideas on the theories of Piaget, with whom he studied. Papert (1980) has argued that the most beneficial learning is what he calls "Piagetian learning," or "learning without being taught." He has proposed that computer programming environments can create conditions under which intellectual models take root, conditions in which young children can master


The present invention discloses an injection system and a related method, the injection system comprises determining operating parameters of the injection device module, and a user interface during MRA imaging procedure. Such parameters may be used so that the signal intensity during an imaging process optimization MRA and / or maximized. The injection system may include a contrast agent concentration within a certain blood flow determination module determines at least partially within the target bloodstream contrast agent concentration based MRA imaging contrast media type and parameters. The injection system may include a contrast agent injection rate determination module, at least partially based on the concentration of contrast agent in the target blood flow, cardiac output rate and the initial concentration of the contrast medium to be imaged to determine a patient a contrast agent injection rate. The injection system may include a diluent injection rate determination module determines at least partially the diluent injection rate based contrast agent injection rate.


Sir,In the article, "Levetiracetam in toxic seizures," the authors concluded levetiracetam may be useful as a second-line agent to control drug-induced seizures and prevention of seizure recurrence...


The antibacterial properties of tea polyphenols make them suitable for drinking water disinfection, but it is necessary to clarify the influence of metal ions on the sterilization efficacy. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was selected as a representative tea polyphenol, and the effects of calcium ion (Ca2þ) concentration on its disinfection properties in Escherichia coli cultures were investigated. Changes in bacterial growth and structures were detected. The presence of low concentration Ca2þ (1–5 mM) inhibited the disinfection effect of EGCG but higher concentrations (6–10 mM) enhanced its effects. As Ca2þ concentration increased, the proportion of damaged bacteria also increased (15–43%). The presence of Ca2þ lessened the damaging effects of EGCG on the surface structures of E. coli but may have facilitated the entry of EGCG into the bacteria, enhancing its antibacterial efficacy. Tea polyphenols may be useful additives for the disinfection of groundwater and other raw waters containing calcium ions.


The conservation of the Spanish patrimony during the years of the Republic (1931–1939) acquired an unprecedented intensity based on the experiences of the 1920s. In this span, the state assumed the mantle of monumental restoration, a young discipline whose intellectual foundations had been consolidated in Spain the first decades of the century. However, from the end of the Spanish Civil War through the two decades of Franco's dictatorship (1939–1958), preservation stepped backward toward the theories of the previous century, which better fit the traditionalist ideology of the regime. The ethos of the Franco era rejected scientific conservation and modern architecture in favor of an aesthetic and stylistic restoration rooted in a traditional and conservative conception of Spanish culture. Conservation architects practiced this mode of preservation either under their own volition or in cautious self-censorship.


The corrosion origin,corrosion mechanism,influence factors,and corrosion prevention in low temperature light oil environment of distillation units overhead are presented in this paper.The status and development of neutralizers and inhibitors of distillation units overhead is highlighted.The problem of neutralizers,inhibitors and materials are discussed.In addition,the development trend on corrosion and prevention of distillation units overhead is forecasted.


Institutional agricultural credit has played a significant role widespread adoption of modern production technologies and promotion of private investments on farms through its increasing as well as cheap supplyin the past. The present study was conducted in West Tripura district of Tripura to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the borrowers in the district. 120 sample farmers were selected using multistage random sampling technique for detailed analysis. Information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics like age, sex, education level, land use, etc. by borrowers were collected by survey method using pretested schedules. From the socio-economic study of the farmer it could be observed that majority of the farmers of the state are literate, experienced and interested in the timely agricultural credit utilization and repayment. The household considered for the study in West Tripura District had the highest percentage of the male population (51.49%) than that of the female population (47.58%). Cultivation was the primary occupation for 55.82 per cent of the sample population and secondary occupation for 29.17 per cent of sample population.


June 2020 1 Ozge Ozden Tok , MD Ahmet Celik, MD To the Editor: We have read with interest the published article by Mele et al1 on a novel echocardiographic approach to hemodynamic phenotypes which predicts outcome of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). They suggested a conventional echocardiography based simple model including left ventricle (LV) forward flow, filling pressure, and right ventricle (RV) function to predict all-cause mortality of hospitalized patients with ADHF regardless of LV EF which will make a practical and useful contribution to the predictive evaluation of patients with ADHF in terms of imaging. On the contrary, strain imaging is an another feasible, practical, simple method with high reproduciblity which has been already proven as a strong prognostic factor for outcomes in patients with heart failure regardless of LV EF.2 In a recent study, it has been demonstrated that global longitudinal strain was an independent predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced EF, heart failure with midrange EF, and heart failure with preserved EF, whereas LV EF was not and thus LV global longitudinal strain was suggested to be used as the standart measurement for the prediction of mortality in patients with ADHF.3 In another study, predictive value of RV free wall longitudinal strain on adverse cardiac outcomes was sought. It revealed that RV free wall longitudinal strain is the most significant predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with ADHF, while conversely to the abovementioned studies, left sided parameters were not providing prognostic information. It has been also shown that RV free wall longitudinal strain was a significant predictor of poor prognosis in both heart failure with preserved EF and heart failure with reduced EF patient groups.4 Furthermore, in this article we appreciated that patients with severe mitral and aortic regurgitation are excluded from the study because of their potential hemodynamic effects on the parameters of the suggested algorithm. Strain imaging on the contrary is known to be a useful method in the setting of valvular heart disease being a sensitive marker of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction and a strong predictor of mortality and major adverse cardiac events as well.5 Mele et al1 should be congratulated on this important study which provides a new algorithm on echocardiographic assesment of outcome prediction of patients hospitalized with ADHF, yet to our opinion strain imaging should also be used as an additional tool in the setting of ADHF with its high reproducibility, practicality, and feasibility.


Traps with the pheromone of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), were positioned in the canopy of host and non-host plants as well as in the open field on poles placed in a distance of 10-40 m. Traps in the canopy of trees and shrubs yielded in general much more moths than traps in the open field. Another experiment was carried out in an apple orchard, in which groups of large spindle trees (3.5 m) alternated with groups of small trees (1.8 m). Traps in large trees caught much more moths than traps positioned at the same level in or near small trees. Codling moth adults approach tree silhouettes of host and non-host plants by visual orientation. They refrain from leaving the canopy of trees. The difference in trap catch in trees and in the open field seems to be mainly due to this mode of behavior.


Review on SEMA4D (sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4D), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


This symposium seeks to build bridges between different disciplinary approaches to the issue of climate change governance and the role of courts. It speaks to questions such as what is climate change litigation? What types of actions do different definitions include and what remains outside of the scope of the term? Who is taking legal cases addressing issues of greenhouse gas emissions, what are their motivations, what is the legal basis upon which these actors rely and what are the factors that inhibit or encourage their success in the courtrooms? How are court decisions interpreted by litigants, policymakers and scholars? The articles comprising this symposium offer a broad range of perspectives on these issues. Read together they enable us to more fully appreciate the law's complex relationship to climate change governance.


Data flow graphs are a popular program representation in machine learning, big data analytics, signal processing, and, increasingly, networking, where graph nodes correspond to processing primitives and graph edges describe control flow. To improve CPU cache locality and exploit data-level parallelism, nodes usually process data in batches. Unfortunately, as batches are split across dozens or hundreds of parallel processing pathways through the graph they tend to fragment into many small chunks, leading to a loss of batch efficiency. We present Batchy, a scheduler for run-to-completion packet processing engines, which uses controlled queuing to efficiently reconstruct fragmented batches in accordance with strict service-level objectives (SLOs). Batchy comprises a runtime profiler to quantify batch-processing gain on different processing functions, an analytical model to fine-tune queue backlogs, a new queuing abstraction to realize this model in run-to-completion execution, and a one-step receding horizon controller that adjusts backlogs across the pipeline. We present extensive experiments on five networking use cases taken from an official 5G benchmark suite to show that Batchy provides 2–3× the performance of prior work while accurately satisfying delay SLOs.


Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a commonly used class of drugs. They are used for self-medication worldwide including Nepal to treat self-limiting conditions, and mild to moderate symptoms associated with disease. Similar degree of care like prescription-only drugs is needed for these drugs as these are also linked with many adverse effects. However, nephrotoxicity remains a major concern with these drugs; other systems such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hematologic, respiratory, and hepatic are also affected. The renal effects of analgesics are pronounced among patients with comorbid conditions, hypovolemic state of body and those with concomitant use of nephrotoxic or other drugs. A number of studies on self-medication all over the world have revealed that NSAIDs are the most commonly used drugs as self-medication. Easy access to these drugs either in pharmacy or in nonpharmacy outlets has become a reason for proper monitoring of over-the-counter use of these drugs. Responsibility remains with all healthcare professionals, either at individual or institutional level, to establish the balance between the benefits and risks associated with these drugs. The consumer who uses the drugs and the policy-framing bodies are others who could intervene in promoting the rational use of NSAIDs.


Since 1825, when Bishop Sumner issued the first edition of John Milton's De Doctrina Christiana, the Arianism of that treatise has become an all but unanimously accepted fact. Although reviewers of Sumner's two quarto volumes divided in praising or lamenting Milton's tenets on the Trinity, they united in pronouncing them unorthodox and Arian; and later scholars have generally accepted this nineteenth-century verdict. In 1959, consequently, students of Milton were surprised when William B. Hunter, Jr., under the title "Milton's Arianism Reconsidered," devoted some twenty-five pages to the argument that "we may assert positively that Milton was not an Arian" even though "modern judges are unanimous in branding him one." And more recently, Roland M. Frye, praising Mr. Hunter's work, has gone on to state that "Milton could never be convicted, before a fair and competent theological court, of trinitarian heresy in Paradise Lost." With these assertions of the orthodoxy of Milton and his epic I cannot agree; and at the cost of controversy with two close friends, I must argue 1) that Mr. Hunter is wrong in believing that Milton's view of the Son accords with that stated in the Nicene Creed; and 2) that Mr. Frye violates an established principle of textual interpretation when he denies the Arianism of Paradise Lost.


Using the cognitive mapping approach, I investigate the genesis of criminal law norms against economic crime in West Germany. Four theoretical approaches can be derived from the interaction of two dimensions: differentiation versus Marxist theory, and functionalist versus conflict-group theory. Focusing on interests, anticipated functions, and conflict lines, I analyze the argumentation structures in the judicial committee of the Bundestag concerning the criminalization of price fixing in cases of public tender. The results show that the rationalities of politicians are oriented to dominance groups and power, not policy; communicative relatedness between representatives of different political parties is low; and cognitive maps are restricted and do not indicate policy rationality but legitimatory purposes.


Science can be divided into reductive science and holistic science.Research methods such as qualitative method,historical method,conceptual method and purpose heuristics are applicable to holistic scientific research.The methods of observation,comparison and classification are important in scientific research.This paper expounds the characteristics,formation causes,important roles and application scope of these methods.


To solve the security threaten due to in grid environment its instability and uncertainty,an integrated trust evaluation model was proposed to evaluate trust among grid nodes.In the model,a user describes trust with fuzzy logic,assigns weights to different attributes of a subject according to his concern degree,and considers historic communication record between him and concerned nodes as well as reputations of the nodes.Reputation of a node is dependent on a recommend coefficient that is determined according to the reliability of the recommender to avoid cheat from recommendation.An evaluation example was presented to show effectiveness of the model.


We present a vision based tool for enriching the conventional method of learning Kathak. Teachers can record their dance steps using PoGest and give it to the learners for practice according to their pace and convenience. PoGest will help learners to analyze their dance movements by giving them immediate feedback in the form of similarity score and also the concurrent display of juxtaposed recordings of their own performance with respect to that of the teacher's.


This study describes the current situation and factors of primary school teachers' WCTAP (willingness to concurrently take on administrative position) through quantitative investigations and follow-up qualitative interviews, in order to understand their perception differences against different backgrounds, and explore the impacts on Key factors for WCTAP. The main findings are as follows: there are three key factors affecting teachers' WCTAP: external incentives, role conflicts, and selfgrowth; The higher the external incentives provided by schools, the higher the values of teachers' selfgrowth, and the greater their WCTAPs. The higher the role conflict, the lower the WCTAP. And, factors affecting teachers' WCTAP are based on self-growth of work values, and the higher the selfgrowth of work values, the higher the WCTAP; Furthermore, welfare measures such as job additions and vacation allowances have the highest correlation between incentives and WCTAP, but it is generally considered insufficient to reflect the hard work of administrative affairs, only to be classified to compensation. The authors also found that the least attractive and the most difficult is to communicate and coordinate with people; the simplest affair is to deal with matters that do not require communication or interaction with people and practice.


Objective: To explore the new method of the mastoid notch and pterygoid hamulus in the lateral skull base partition.Methods: Connect the four structure points: posterior margin of the mastoid notch,pterygoid hamulus,midpoint of anterior margin of foramen magnum and zygomatic root,classify the lateral skull base and measure the length of the connection.Results: Mastoid notch have close relationship with the vital structures of the lateral skull base.The line connecting posterior margin of the mastoid notch and pterygoid hamulus and the midline divided the lateral skull base into the inner and outer two large triangular zones,each subdivided into front and back two triangular areas,a total of four triangle,that is,palatum and temporal triangle,pharyngeal triangle,joint and listen tri-angle,vessels and nerves Triangle,in which the length of left and right side of the triangle's three sides were 74.52 ± 5.47 mm and 74.66 ± 5.41mm,59.77 ± 3.84 mm and 59.67 ± 3.56mm,42.23 ± 3.11mm and 42.48 ± 2.60mm.Conclusion: This study provides a new method of lateral skull base partition.The regional division of neurovascular triangle is more scientific,and it provides the anatomical ref-erence for positioning lateral skull base surgical approaches.


ABSTRACT The paper focuses on the gradual separation between materialism and mechanism in early modern German philosophy. In Germany the distinction between the two concepts, originally introduced by Leibniz, was definitively stated by Wolff who was the first to provide a definition of the new philosophical term Materialismus, and of the related philosophical sect. In the first part I describe the initial identification of mechanism and materialism in German philosophy between the last decades of the seventeenth century and 1720. Mechanism is here mostly conceived within a monistic metaphysics of body, which refers mainly to Hobbes and to some (unfaithful) interpretations of Spinoza's pantheism. This tight connection between a mechanical explanation of nature and the Deus sive natura issue leads to a negative judgement on mechanism and its materialistic implications, both charged with a form of more or less explicit atheism. In the second part I describe the gradual emancipation in Germany of mechanism from materialism according to the distinction between a 'good' and a 'bad' materialism. In the third and final part, I sketch the first appearances of the entry 'materialism' in the philosophical encyclopaedias of early modern Germany, pointing out the by-then clear distinction between this metaphysical issue and the mechanical claim.


Homopolymerization and diblock copolymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) has been conducted using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chemistry in tert-butanol at 80 °C. PHPA homopolymers were obtained with high conversions and narrow molecular weight distributions over a wide range of target degrees of polymerization. Like its poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) isomer, PHPA homopolymer exhibits inverse temperature solubility in dilute aqueous solution, with cloud points increasing systematically on lowering the mean chain length. The nature of the end groups is shown to significantly affect the cloud point, whereas no effect of concentration was observed over the PHPA concentration range investigated. Various thermo-responsive PHPA-based diblock copolymers were prepared via one-pot syntheses in which the second block was either permanently hydrophilic or pH-responsive. Preliminary studies confirmed that poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl acrylate) (PEO 45 -PHPA 48 ) and poly(2-hydroxypropyl acrylate)-poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHPA 49 -PHEA 68 )diblock copolymers formed well-defined PHPA-core micelles in 10 mM sodium nitrate solution at 40 °C and 70 °C with mean hydrodynamic diameters of 20 nm and 35 nm, respectively. In contrast, most other PHPA-based diblock copolymers investigated formed larger colloidal aggregates in 10 mM NaNO 3 solution at elevated temperatures.


The hardness of the outer surface of solid wood can be improved by densification, and this opens up new fields of application for low-density species. So far, surface densification is carried out i ...


This work presents the synthesis of monodisperse silica functionalized nanoparticles, with suitable properties for multilayer coatings organo-functionalized oxide type. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) functionalized with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2HPerfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFOTS) has superhydrophobic properties (contact angle up to 150°) and, applied on painted surface, improves the hydrophobic properties of multilayer coatings, by contact angle increase from 77° for paint up to 127° for the multilayer / paint system.


For many decades, the utilization of jack pine in the pulp and paper industry has attracted considerable interest but without any major breakthrough. However, in the past few years the emergence of new technologies has provided hope for its potential use. One of these technologies consists in the addition of hydrogen peroxide within the thermomechanical pulping process. To study the influence of numerous process parameters on the interstage treatment of jack pine and to optimize this complex process, a D-optimal experimental design was conducted. A total of 7 variables were considered.

It was found that to maximize the properties of the fibres and the resulting paper, a temperature of 115°C with a narrow plate gap at the first refining stage and a high consistency at the second stage had to prevail. A sodium hydroxide treatment radically improved the fibre bonding properties without affecting the tear strength but at the expense of a loss of 4,6 points in ISO brightness. Validation trials allow to draw some conclusions on the advantages and shortcomings of this type of experimental design. This design is efficient, provided sufficient information is available to target likely interactions. Otherwise, a screening design would be required thus increasing the total cost of the study.

L'utilisation du pin gris dans l'industrie des pâtes et papiers suscite un grand intert depuis de nombreuses decennies. Ces dernieres annees, l'emergence de nouvelles technologies apporte un regain d'espoir pour le futur. Une de ces technologies consiste a utiliser du peroxyde d'hydrogene lors du procede de mise en pâte thermomecanique. Un plan d'essais D-Optimal a ete utilise pour etudier l'influence de plusieurs parametres de ce procede. Ce type de plan d'experimentation permet de traiter un nombre important de variables simultanement tout en requerant peu d'essais, meme lorsque 7 variables sont mises en cause.

Pour le pin gris, l'utilisation d'une temperature de 115°C accompagnee d'un faible entrefer lors du premier stade de raffinage ainsi que d'une consistance elevee au deuxieme stade, permet de developper au maximum les proprietes des fibres et du papier produit. Un traitement intermediaire a la soude augmente radicalement les proprietes de liaison interfibres sans affecter l'indice de dechirure mais fait, par ailleurs, chuter la blancheur de 4,6 points. Des essais de confirmation permettent de discuter des lacunes et des avantages de ce type de plan d'essais. Ce plan est efficace a la condition de connaitre assez le procede pour pouvoir cibler les interactions d'interet. Sinon, un plan de tri serait necessaire, ce qui augmenterait le co-t global de l'etude.