This project sets up a design framework that promotes augmenting the human body's interactions exploring methods for merging and blending the users of physical and virtual environments, through the design of wearable devices that are embedded with sensors and actuators. This allows for haptic and visual feedback through the use of data that reflects changes in the surrounding physical environment, and visualized in the immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environment. We consider the Body Architectures project to serve as mechanisms for augmenting the body in relation to the virtual architecture. These wearable devices serve to bring a hyper-awareness to our senses, as closed-loop cybernetic systems that utilize 'digitized' biometric and environmental data through the use of 3D scanning technologies and cloud point models, virtual reality visualization, sensing technologies, and actuation. The design of Body Architectures relies on hybrid design, transdisciplinary collaborations, to explore new possibilities for wearable body architectures that evolve human-machine-environment interactions, and create hyper awareness of the temporal, atmospheric qualities that make up our experience of space, as 'sensorial envelopes' (Lally 2014).


Abstract The paper proposes an algorithm for the rejection of periodic disturbances of unknown frequency. The frequencies of the components of the disturbance are estimated using an orthogonal signals generator based on second-order generalized integrators. A novel feature of the algorithm is that internal signals of the frequency estimator are combined linearly to produce the control signal, resulting in a very simple algorithm. For a sinusoidal disturbance, the entire scheme is governed by a single adaptive parameter. It is shown that, within the assumptions of an averaging analysis, the adaptive system is globally stable and completely rejects the disturbance, even in the presence of plant uncertainty. Bounds on the uncertainty can be computed a priori based on bounds on the disturbance frequency. Simulations demonstrate the properties of the algorithm in a variety of conditions.


The probability of success or average power describes the potential of a future trial by weighting the power with a probability distribution of the treatment effect. The treatment effect estimate from a previous trial can be used to define such a distribution.


This paper outlines the theoretical framework and techniques of an Eastern approach to psychological change called Morita psychotherapy. It demonstrates that the meanings of terms which describe counselling styles can differ from culture to culture and particularly from East to West. It is argued that such differences have implications for cross-cultural counselling. Western research indicates that Asian ,Vmerican clients prefer approaches that are more "activedirective," "logical," "rational," and "structured." It is suggested that despite efforts to the contrary, an ethnocentric approach to counselling may inadvertently be imposed upon clients of Asian origin via the interpretation and application of such terms.


Objective To explore the feasibility of applying the visual colorimetric test strips to monitor capillary blood glucose levels.Methods Both visual colorimetric test strips and rapid blood glucose monitor were used to measure the capillary blood glucose levels.The visual values were read by patients and nurses at the same time for the same blood sample.Results The determination was conducted in 201 patients on the same blood sample.There were no significant difference between the values of rapid blood glucose monitor and visual colorimetric test strips by patients and nurses.The results of visual colorimetric test strips were not influenced by the patients'age(P0.05).Conclusion Visual colorimetric test strips can accurately reflect patients' capillary blood glucose levels,which is not influenced by the patient's age.


[Objective]To investigate the mechanism happened in CNS of rats having a tendency of type 2 diabetes induced by psychological stress and the regulatory effect of Shenxin No.5.[Method] The model was induced by intraperitoneal infusion of STZ in small dosage combined with multiple chronic psychological stimulations,including restriction,rotation and crowding.Using in situ hybridization the effect of psychological stress on the expression of c-fos mRNA and CFR mRNA of paraventriculares nucleus(PVN)of hypothalamus was observed.[Results]Compared with the normal group,the transcription level of both c-fos mRNA and CFR mRNA in stimulation only group was increased(P0.01). The group of STZ plus stimulation was considerably higher than other group(P0.05 or P0.01).In Chinese herbs group both expression was all decreased(P0.05 or P0.01).[Conclusion]The CNS mechanism of the onset of type 2 diabetes induced by psychological stress was closely connected with the expression of c-fos mRNA and CRF mRNA.That maybe one of the objective evidences of the disorder of Qi movement of emotional disease.


The utility model relates to an on-line monitoring device for a high voltage shunt capacitor, which comprises a plurality of capacitors, an indoor portion and an outdoor portion. The outdoor portion comprises a plurality of signal transducers, a plurality of data acquisition units used for collecting voltage signals set out by the signal transducers, an isolation transformer used for supplying power for the data acquisition units and a data merging unit. The indoor portion comprises a switch machine and a data-processing system, the data merging unit is connected with the switch machine, and the data-processing system comprises a signal analysis unit and a storage unit. The on-line monitoring device enables the photoelectric technology to be introduced in a high voltage shunt capacitor running status detection device through optical fiber, thoroughly solves problem that existing monitoring device for the high voltage shunt capacitor cannot conduct high and low potential isolation, adopts a plurality of data acquisition units to concurrent work, and improves efficiency of high voltage shunt capacitor running status detection device.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a meso-porous spherical lithium iron phosphate/carbon in-situ composite material of a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps of: preparing a microorganism solution by using low-cost yeast, adding a phosphorus source, then adding an iron source, a reducing agent and a lithium source, water-bathing and aging to obtain gel; after drying, obtaining a lithium iron phosphate precursor; carrying out heating treatment on the lithium iron phosphate precursor to obtain meso-porous spherical lithium iron phosphate/carbon in-situ composite material powder. The meso-porous spherical lithium iron phosphate/carbon in-situ composite material can increase the electrochemistry performance of the positive electrode material of a lithium iron phosphate/carbon campsite lithium ion battery and can be used for preparing portable power lithium ion batteries.


A three‐stage micromanipulator for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described incorporating coarse and fine mechanical drives and a very fine piezoelectric drive which can independently position two separate probes. Each piezoelectric drive has an accuracy of 0.1 μ over a range of 100 μ in each of three directions and a very rapid response. They are mounted near the specimen on a 9.5 mm diam rod the position of which is controlled by the mechanical drives which operate outside the vacuum. The rod and piezoelectric drives can be retracted into the airlock for easy removal. The fine mechanical drive is composed of three feedback‐controlled motor‐driven differential screws which have a range of 1.25 mm and an accuracy of 3 μ. The coarse drives are manually driven and have a range of 1 cm and an accuracy of 0.1 mm. Joysticks control coordinated motions in the plane of the SEM image for both the piezoelectric drives and the fine mechanical drive. Preliminary results in the microdissection of biologica...


This chapter discusses the linguistic map of pre-Islamic Arabia based on the epigraphic evidence and the place of Arabic within it. It then moves on to the issues of writing and literacy, the emergence of the Arabic script, and multilingualism. The final section addresses the relevance of the inscriptional evidence for understanding the literary background of the Qur'an by highlighting important similarities in structure and content between the Qur'an and the ancient inscriptions of North and South Arabia.


In this paper, we are looking for the exponential solutions (i.e. the solutions with the scale factors change exponentially over time) in the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity. We argue that we found all possible nonconstant-volume solutions (up to permutations) in lower dimensions ((4+1) and (5+1)) and developed a scheme which allows one to find necessary conditions in arbitrary dimension.


A review of all the eradication projects involving Rattus rattus that have been carried out since 1999 on 14 Italian islands is presented. Data on different aspects related to the problem of rats on these islands are discussed, ranging from impact and benefit quantification, eradication methods and outcomes, to social problems such as lack of public awareness. A model aimed at identifying priority islands where eradication should be carried out was developed according to available budgets, an exercise that is worth extending throughout the Mediterranean.


Objective To investigate the effect of TRAIL induced apoptosis in Human colon cancer SW480 cell line.Methods The experiment was divided into two groups: treated group with rmhTRAIL and negative control group.SW480 cells proliferation was measured by MTT assay.The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry(FCM).The expression of Bcl-2,Bax was detected by western blot. Results MTT showed that rmhTRAIL significantly inhibited SW480 cells proliferation with a dose-dependent manner(P0.05).When SW480 cells treated by rmhTRAIL,the FCM revealed that rmhTRAIL could markedly upgrade the apoptosis rate(P0.01),and the expression of Bcl-2 downregulated markedly(P0.05),while the expression of Bax upregulated significantly(P0.05).Conclusions rmhTRAIL could induce apoptosis in human colon cancer SW480 cell line,and the mechanism was related to downregulation expression of Bcl-2,upregulation expression of Bax.


Objective
To investigate the characteristic of P300 event-related potentials(ERP) of impulsive behavior in heroin addicts.

Methods
The Iowa gambling task (IGT) were performed by using the paradigm for psychological experiment both in heroin addiction group (HA group) and health control group (HC group), the inspection of electroencephalography were underwent in all the subjects concurrently. Following the collection of data of ERP, amplitude and latency of P300 were compared between the two groups, and then the relationship between amplitude or latency of P300 and the results of Barratt impulsiveness scale were analyzed separately.

Results
Compared to HC group, BIS score as well as the numbers of high frequency loss cards were significantly higher in HA group(HA: 75.12±12.49, 91.14±21.35; HC: 66.54±8.61, 73.71±18.91; P<0.05), while the both two groups had visible waveforms of P300, and the amplitude and latency were markedly lower(HA: 4.92±1.14, 293.43±36.21; HC: 7.65±1.59, 332.68±40.15; P<0.05) and were negatively associated with BIS score in HA group(r=-0.76, -0.52, P<0.05). Logistic regression results showed that the scores of BIS-11 were related to amplitude of P300 merely( P<0.05).

Conclusion
Impulsive behavior can be observed from the abnormal characteristic of the P300 event-related potential of impulsive behavior in heroin addicts, which may partly contribute to both addiction and relapse of heroin addict.

Key words:
Heroin addiction; Iowa gambling task; Event-related potential; P300; Impulsive behavior


Welcome to attend Fredrik Erlandsson´s licentiate seminar at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology.Time: Friday, September 12, at 14.


Aim: To evaluate the cerebellar ataxia rat model which was induced by injecting kainic acid (KA) into unilateral fastigial nucleus (FN). Methods: With KA injected into the left cerebellar fastigial nucleus of rat, the ataxia model was induced. KA-treated rats were tested by balance beam test and Rota-rod test to investigate their behavioral change, then the injecting site of KA and the pathological change of cerebellums were observed under light microscope. Results: Compared with sham-operated rats, KA-treated ones performed worse in balance beam test and Rota-rod test, the scores in balance beam test and the latency on Rota-rod test decreased significantly (P0.05), and the time to cross the balance beam increased significantly (P0.05). The injected site was accurate and neurons in the left cerebellar fastigial nucleus were damaged after KA injected. During the following one month observation, the animals showed excellent survivability. Conclusion: The KA-treated cerebellar ataxia rat provided a suitable model for the following studies in therapies.


The present invention, breakage of the honeycomb structure, which aims to provide an effective high packing member for honeycomb structures to prevent occurrence of damage such as Kosuson, packing member for honeycomb structures of the present invention portion including a bottom surface having a recess composed of the side surface, by the honeycomb structure is placed in the recess, and the holding member in which the honeycomb structure is held, at least the recess of the holding member a packing member for honeycomb structures comprising a by and covering member covering the, in the above-mentioned recess of the holding member has a corner portion made of a boundary portion and the vicinity thereof between said bottom and said side, the covering to have a gas layer between the member and the corner portion, characterized in that the covering member is disposed.


Entrepreneurship is key in economic development due to its innova- tive component. Any entrepreneurial activity should change the market to achieve a competitive advantage. Thus, developing a mindset and appreciation of entre- preneurship should be a core of any academic curriculum. In this paper, the ex- perience of using commercial films as a pedagogical tool to deliver entrepreneurial education and awareness is presented. The analysis focuses on the structure of seminars offered at the University of Oviedo, Spain, and how the films changed the students' appreciation of the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial process.


Introduction. M. Auslander has given, in unpublished notes, an axiomatic treatment of the classical primary decomposition theory for modules over commutative Noetherian rings. The purpose of this paper is to show that this axiom scheme may be suitably abstracted and modified so as to include also the recent Lesieur-Croisot theory [1 -3] of tertiary decomposition in modules over arbitrary (i.e., not necessarily commutative) Noetherian rings. We do this by developing an abstract theory of what we call decomposition functors, having both the primary and tertiary theories as special cases. Briefly, if A is any ring, a decomposition functor F assigns to a pair (M, N), consisting of a A-module M and submodule N, a collection F(M, N) of ideals in A. This assignment is subject to several axioms which, a posteriori at least, can be considered as embodying the essential features of the primary and tertiary decomposition theories. In ??1 and 2 we give the axioms for these decomposition functors and develop some of their basic properties. The material in these two sections is, apart from its more general content, a rearrangement and elaboration of the axioms given by Auslander. In ?3 we summmarize the basic facts concerning the primary and tertiary theories, and show how these may be defined within the framework of decomposition functors. Returning to the abstract theory, ?4 presents certain results concerning the comparison of two decomposition functors. In ?5 we define the concept of normal decomposition functors; the primary and tertiary theories are examples of such decompositions. Putting together the results of ??4 and 5 we obtain the following remarkable result: for finitely generated modules over a Noetherian ring, any two normal decomposition theories coincide, i.e., assign the same set F(M, N) of ideals to a pair (M, N). Using the fact that the tertiary theory is normal, we conclude that for finitely generated modules over a Noetherian ring, the tertiary theory is the unique normal decomposition theory. In this sense the tertiary decomposition theory is the only natural generalization, to arbitrary Noetherian rings, of the classical primary decomposition theory in commutative rings. This result answers a question of Goldie's [4, p. 127], and underlines the potential importance of the tertiary theory for the study of Noetherian rings.


[ 3 H]MK-801 is widely used as a marker for NMDA receptors (NRs), indicating the opening frequency of the associated ion channel. Association and dissociation of this radioligand in membranes prepared from rat cerebral cortex were accelerated by Na + ions (EC 50 70 mM, n H 3). The widely used primary amine buffer tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) had similar influences, but not the tertiary amine buffer bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino-tris(hydroxymethyl)methane (BisTris). These results are in agreement with previous physiological data suggesting a site for Na + ions increasing the opening frequency of the NR.


The study sought  to empirically examine the influence of resource allocation on strategy implementation in Commercialised State Owned Enterprises in the Communication Technology and Courier Services Sector of Zimbabwe (CSOEZ). The inquiry was based on a 5-point level of agreement Likert scale questionnaire with a total of 478 respondents completing the questionnaire out of a target population of 836, giving a 57% response rate. Survey data was presented through percentile descriptive statistics and measures of central tendencies of mean, mode and standard deviation whilst ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The study's regression analysis confirmed the positive relationship between adequate resource allocation and the number of unattained objectives during strategy implementation. The results of the study concluded that there is inadequate resource allocation during strategy implementation in commercialised state enterprises in Zimbabwe. The study recommended that strategy implementation direct workforce should actively participate in resource allocation; allocation of correct and adequate resources should be timely availed to support strategy execution processes and activities.


Address of Thakur: Physics Department, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. Address of Malathy Devi: Physics Department, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185. Address of Rinsland and Smith: Atmospheric Sciences Division, Mail Stop 401A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23665-5225.


Presentation by Dr Alison Hill, Director of South East Public Health Observatory in the workshop on Health Inequalitites - International, Regional and local approaches given at the 7th South East Public Health Conference.


Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova St., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine Email: email@example.com Electric energy measurements are the base for all commercial electricity transactions. Thus, the validity of the power measurement results is of a great importance. This article studies peculiarities of electric energy accounting in power networks polluted with higher harmonics by means of power meters of various types. It has been demonstrated that the power meters with different operational principles can demonstrate significantly different responses under the same load and network conditions. Consideration of the provisions given in this paper will help to mitigate the measuring uncertainties and reasonably approach the issue of choosing the measuring instruments for billing purposes.


This qualitative study is aimed to explore and understand the healing experience of women survivors of childhood sexual abuse. It will engage with a descriptive study that uses a phenomenological approach to explore the experience of a woman survivor. The process of collecting data will involve in-depth interview sessions. This will continue with self-reflection writing by the participant and researcher. The outcome of this study will contribute into a two areas. The first area is aimed to create awareness and understanding among helping profession the essence of healing experience encountered by women survivors with the intention to enhance the quality of the clinical work. The second area is aimed to contribute to education training especially for the new generation of helping professions.


Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are an animal‐specific class of small non‐coding RNAs that are generated via a biogenesis pathway distinct from small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). There are variations in piRNA biogenesis that depend on several factors, such as the cell type (germline or soma), the organism, and the purpose for which they are being produced, such as transposon‐targeting, viral‐targeting, or gene‐derived piRNAs. Interestingly, the genes involved in the PIWI/piRNA pathway are more rapidly evolving compared with other RNA interference (RNAi) genes. In this review, the role of the piRNA pathway in the antiviral response is reviewed based on recent findings in insect models such as Drosophila, mosquitoes, midges and the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We extensively discuss the special features that characterize host‐virus piRNA responses with respect to the proteins and the genes involved, the viral piRNAs' sequence characteristics, the target strand orientation biases as well as the viral piRNA target hotspots across the viral genomes.


Ten different electro-optic modulator nonlinearity reduction techniques are presented, and performance parameters of each technique are compared. These parameters include linear dynamic ranges, third-order intermodulation products, relative sensitivities, and operation bandwidths. It is concluded that the feedforward, dual-polarization, and anti-parallel push-pull approaches are more favorable than other techniques in terms of fabrication simplicity, nonlinearity reduction, and sensitivity.


Elvis Presley is perhaps the most recognizable rock icon in the history of popular music. Now, here is the first and only full-color book devoted exclusively to his album cover art. Dowling, the world's foremost collector of Elvis records, has selected 226 exciting covers from 37 different countries for this one-of-a-kind collection.


Web spamming refers to use of unethical search engine optimization practices to gain better position on Search Engine Result Page (SERP). Making judgment on web-page to declare it as spam or ham is complicated issue because different search engines have different standards. Link-based spamming, cloaking and content spamming is main focus of different anti spam techniques. Even though these anti-spam techniques have had much success, however, these techniques still face problems when combating against a new kind of spamming techniques. This paper presents a usage of different machine learning methods which provides a solution for supervised classification problem. We have used WEBSPAM-UK-2007 public data set and in our experiments. The final results are compared and analyzed with well known classifiers. The results show that Jrip and J48 perform well compared to other two methods.


AbstractExisting strength models for square concrete columns confined with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates are almost all proposed on the basis of test data from relatively small-scale spe...


Background: Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in incidence and fourth for mortality worldwide. The response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in GC is heterogeneous due to tumor-intrinsic and acquired immunotherapy resistance.
 Methods: A novel immunophenotype-based subtyping algorithm was established to analyze tumor patient-derived bulk transcriptomic data. Gene set enrichment assays (GSEA), in vitro cell models, multiple syngeneic murine tumor models, and immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy were utilized.
 Results: Our algorithm stratified human GC and showed that immune desert- and excluded-type tumors are ICB-resistant compared with immune-inflamed GC. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling is highly enriched in immune desert-type GC, and syngeneic murine tumors exhibiting mesenchymal-like, compared with epithelial-like, properties are T cell-excluded and resistant to CTLA4 blockade. Our analysis further identifies a panel of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) as potential druggable targets in the immune desert-type GC. Dovitinib, an inhibitor of multiple RTKs, strikingly repressed EMT programming in mesenchymal-like immune desert syngeneic GC models. Dovitinib activates the tumor-intrinsic SNAI1/2-IFN-γ signaling axis and impedes the EMT program converting immune desert-type tumors to immune inflamed-type tumors, sensitizing these mesenchymal-like 'cold' tumors to CTLA4 blockade.
 Conclusion: We develop a novel immunophenotype-based algorithm to reclassify GC into immune inflamed, excluded, and desert subtypes. Our analysis identified major signaling pathways and potential druggable targets relevant to patient groups, especially for refractory immune desert-type/'cold' tumors. Dovitinib, an RTK inhibitor, sensitizes desert-type immune-cold GCs to CTLA4 blockade and possibly in a broad spectrum of other solid tumors.
 Citation Format: Heng Lu, Longlong Cao, Mohammed Soutto, Nadeem Bhat, Zheng Chen, Dunfa Peng, Ahmed Gomaa, Sachiyo Nomura, Jashodeep Datta, Alexander Zaika, Wael El-Rifai. Dovitinib restricts EMT and promotes T cell recruitment to immune-desert gastric cancers via tumor-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3237.


At Eindhoven Universitu of technology a composite metal-ceramic material is being developed. It will serve as a protective confinement for a combustion heated Thermionic Energy Converter (TEC). This protective confinement of 'hot shell' consists of a composite W-TiN-SiC layer structure. The outer coating of SiC is to protect the TEC against the high temperature (1700°C) combustion atmosphere. The inner layer of tungsten serves as an emitter for the TEC. The intermediate TiN layer functions as a diffusion barrier preventing the tungsten from reacting with the SiC. The composite material is vacuum tight and thermal batigue resistant. The CVS-SiC can give adequate corrosion resistance while the tungsten is Cs-resistant and is a good thermionic emitter.


This paper considers an optimal investment problem for a risk-averse entrepreneur facing stochastic demands to maximize the expectation of total consumption utility through consumption and business investment with costly reversibility. Utilizing dynamic stochastic control, we derive semi-closed-form solutions for the average value and marginal value of the capital and the corresponding optimal consumption and investment strategies in a non-risk-neutral world. The numeric results show that the risk attitude of the entrepreneur has a significant effect on the value of the capital and the optimal consumption strategy and investment decision.


This article proposes a single dc source-based hybrid three-phase thirteen-level inverter suitable for medium voltage applications. The multilevel structure is composed of a three-level T-type neutral point clamped (NPC), half-bridge, and three-level Flying capacitor converter with optimal switch count and high dc bus voltage utilization as high as 0.63 times the dc-link voltage. This requires a special attention to a novel capacitor balancing method using redundant switching states in order to operate at any power factor under grid-connected mode. A unified common-mode voltage is injected in the carrier based pulse width modulation (PWM) technique to maintain the voltage balance in dc-link capacitors as well as floating capacitors. Simulation results are presented under different operating conditions that include unity power factor operation with passive load as well as grid-connected inverter mode. The performance of the proposed multilevel inverter in the grid-connected mode is also validated with experimental results using a lab prototype.


Auction-derived steers (n = 36; initial BW = 284 ± 11 kg) were received to compare performance, rumination characteristics, and rumen pH differences due to alternative ration energy densities and feed management strategies during a 56-d receiving study. Cattle were weighed on day -1 and randomized to 1 of 3 treatments. Time spent ruminating was quantified with a 3-axis accelerometer ear-tag. Rumen pH and temperature was logged in a random subset (n = 6 per treatment) by a ruminal bolus. Cattle were processed identically and housed in individual pens. The modified-live virus respiratory vaccination was delayed until day 28. The FIN cattle were provided their daily feed as a high energy density (1.39 Mcal NEg/kg) diet. The FIN+H cattle were provided the same diet, but were also offered 0.5% BW DM as coastal Bermudagrass hay on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 and 28. The CON cattle were fed a low energy density (0.93 Mcal NEg/kg) diet from day 0 to 7, then transitioned to the FIN diet by replacing an additional 25% of the daily feed call with FIN every 7 d until 100% of the diet was FIN on day 29. Feed offering for CON were increased more aggressively (0.45 kg DM daily for day 1 to 7, every other day for day 8 to 14) than FIN and FIN+H (0.45 kg DM every other day for day 1 to 7, daily for day 8 to 14). Performance and DMI were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS with treatment as a fixed effect. Rumination, pH, and temperature models included repeated measures. There was no treatment difference observed for BW, ADG, or G:F (P ≥ 0.12). There was a treatment × day interaction (P = 0.06) for rumen temperature, where FIN increased more rapidly following vaccination on day 28 compared to CON (P ≤ 0.04). Daily rumination minutes were greater (P < 0.01) for CON than FIN from day 7 to 22. Additionally, CON had the greatest (P < 0.01) hourly rumination from 2000 to 0800 h. Lower minimum daily rumen pH occurred in FIN+H (P ≤ 0.06) on weeks 1, 2 and 6 to 8 compared to CON. There were minimal statistical differences in area under the curve or time below pH thresholds probably due to large animal-to-animal variation. Hourly rumen pH was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) for FIN vs. FIN+H and CON during the initial 28 d, but greater (P = 0.05) for FIN and FIN+H during the final 28 d. When cattle are individually fed, greater energy density rations can be fed initially without compromising performance, but this needs to be evaluated in group pens where greater DMI variation is probable.


Against the backdrop of internet censorship in China and the disclosure of e-mail users' personal information by Yahoo! to the Chinese authorities, this article assesses the efficacy of privacy data laws in protecting the right to privacy of internet users. The assessment is made with reference to how the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance of Hong Kong fared in making Yahoo! accountable for alleged privacy breaches of its customers. The article critically examines the report of the Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner which exonerated Yahoo! and its subsidiaries from the charge of disclosing personal data in breach of the Privacy Ordinance. It also explores various steps that Yahoo! could have taken to fulfill its social responsibilities in China.


Surface acoustic wave (SAW) gyroscopes have a lot of advantages, such as small size, low price, high shock and vibration resistance and others. Nowadays its research is moving slowly because optimization of these sensors construction requires quick prototyping, which is impossible if we use traditional photolithography techniques. A novel method of laser topology creation was previously proposed to mind this gap. In this work, the first SAW resonator was created using this method. Its characteristics were studied. In addition, a finite element modeling of gyroscope sensing element of this type was performed to find out the potential sensors characteristic.


A new reinforcement learning algorithm with "action values" as a basis for an agent to choose actions is put forward to improve the design of reward signals .For action values are more flexible than traditional state values,it is easier to design more optimized reward functions and improve learning performance.Based on action values,an exponential function and a logarithmic function are used to compute action rewards and discount rate dynamically,which accelerates agents to choose optimized actions.It shows that through the computer simulation of a maze problem the new algorithm reduces action times before convergence and the convergence speed is thus enhanced.


This research aims to determine the effect of heat exchanger diameter variations on the volume and physical properties of fuel derived from plastic waste. The plastic waste is converted using the thermal cracking method, which involves heating the raw material without oxygen. This process produces charcoal and oil from the gas condensation in the heat exchanger. The type of plastic used is High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste. The variations of heat exchanger diameter used are 1/2inch, 3/4 inch, and 1 inch. The physical properties investigated include density, viscosity, and heating value. From the test results, it was found that density of the oil fuel produced from plastic waste decreased with increasing heat exchanger diameter. However, the volume and heating value of the fuel produced increased. Generally, the physical properties of plastic pyrolysis oil produced from the thermal cracking process of plastic waste resemble those of gasoline


Objective: To describe the prescribing behavior of the physician in Kerala, and to describe types and number of medicine prescribed by doctors so as to rationalize the prescription writing habits of physician. Methods: A six month study was done to define the pattern of drug use in Medical college hospital, Calicut. The data and the other important aspects of study were collected by personal interview, questionnaires meant for doctors and prescription monitoring Performa for the patients issued by WHO. The findings of survey were critically analyzed. Results: The results indicated that majority of doctors prescribed on the basis of patient's history, patient's feed back report, drug availability, brand cost, quality of drug and ADRs. All the interviewed doctors looked upon the side effects. It was found that individual drugs were prescribed more than fixed dose combinations (85.6%). Out of these 71.5% were prescribed as branded and 28.5% as generic. The demographic data, like name, age, sex, disease diagnosis were available on all the patient health care cards and these constituted an essential part of the prescription particularly age and sex being an important in deciding the dose preference for patients. Socio economically most patients were found to be in the grade ⅡI (Population below poverty line). During the study of drug related parameters, doses were mentioned only in 80% of the prescription. But duration of the drug therapy was found to be only 30%. These indicated the irrational use of prescription. Branded drugs prescribed were found to be 71.5%, which showed a trend towards a good prescription habit. The results indicated the rational use of drug. Conclusion: The survey reveales that most of the doctors in Medical college hospital, Calicut are maintaining rational use of drugs and their prescription writing habits was found to be good.


Trends in real wage growth In popular discussions of economic policy it is often claimed that real wage levels in the U.S. are stagnant or even falling. This Chicago Fed Letter reviews the statistical basis for such claims and explains why they are misleading. Other commentary has claimed that average real wages are rising, but not as fast as productivity, a phenomenon argued to have left U.S. workers with a smaller share of the national economic pie. This article shows that there has been a divergence between some common measures of productivity and real wages. However, the divergence has little to do with shifts in the distribution of income between labor and capital. Instead it mainly reflects something more mundane—changes in the relative prices of consumer and noncon-sumer goods. Moreover, arguably more appropriate measures of real wages continue to closely track productivity gains. The level of the average real wage, which is the amount of goods and services that can be bought with an hour of work, is one of the key determinants of the nation's living standard. When real wages rise, workers can consume more goods and services for the same amount of work time. Alternatively, they can consume the same goods and services, but work fewer hours and have more leisure time. Standard statistical measures of the real wage are derived by deflating a measure of nominal wages by a measure of consumer prices. Thus, the growth rate of the real wage is equal to the growth rate of nominal wages minus the growth rate of consumer prices. Because there are a number of measures of nominal wages as well as a number of measures of consumer prices, there are many possible measures of the real wage. One measure of the real wage that has received substantial attention is the real hourly earnings series shown in figure 1. It is obtained by deflating the average hour earnings figure that the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) obtains every month from its Current Employment Survey (CES) of establishments by the BLS's Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPIU). The CPIU, which is also released monthly, is the most widely followed measure of consumer prices. 2 If the pattern depicted in figure 1 accurately reflected trends in real wages, then living standards for U.S. workers may indeed have fallen. As the figure shows, real hourly earnings peaked in 1972 and are …


What have been published in management control and management accounting in France for ten years and what did we learn from it ? In this paper we tried to answer to these questions by examining scientific production published in Finance Controle Strategie and Comptabilite Controle Audit, the two major French accounting journals. The relative importance or lack of some themes as much as their increase or decrease is systematically analysed. This French scientific production is briefly compared to those published in overseas journals and a historical comparison with the issue published in 1999 for the twentieth birthday of AFC is proposed as a conclusion.


Received: 25 October 2021 Accepted: 16 March 2022 This paper presents the design of an indirect space vector control (ISVC) of electric vehicle (EV) driven by permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) utilizing the fuzzy logic control (FLC) approach for personnel transportation. Regulating the power flow in any vehicle is essential for optimal vehicle dynamics. A variety of propulsion motors are used in the system for such transmission. But PMSM is most efficient in terms of power density and torque. This study proposes a fuzzy controller based control technique for speed and torque control of PMSM drive and the simulated outcomes are compared with traditional PI controller under various motor loaded conditions. In this paper, EV dynamics are considered and ISVC strategy for PMSM is implemented. The PMSM is energized by space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter. The system is modelled and simulated in MATLAB \ SIMULINK environment for steady speed-varying torque and varying speed-steady torque conditions. A wide range of speed drive profile is suggested for EV, consisting of accelerating, constant speed, decelerating, and rough road surface modes. Based on the results, the control technique was confirmed to be effective. The results indicate that the control scheme used is efficient throughout the wide range of speeds.


At present,the street lamp control system are in the manual operation management condition,which is a waste of money for the street lamp management and maintenance.A new scheme of street lamp controller is proposed.The controller automatically switch the street lamp on-off status by the photoresistance detecting the natural light intensity and pulse disturbance average filtering algorithm.It can send the status to management center through the wireless transmission technology,witch realizes the street light remote monitoring and effectively reduces the street light management and the maintenance expense.


The purpose of this work is to make an approximation to the Jewish communities of Nancy after the German occupation during World War II through a very interesting questionnaire found in the archives of the Center for Contemporary Jewish Documentation in Paris, which has allowed us to reconstruct the history of the Jews of Nancy, I focus mainly on the evolution of the Jewish population, the number of arrested and deported Jews, and the damage caused to religious buildings, among other things, which has been quite an event in bringing to light very valuable unpublished information, given the lack of studies on the Jews of Nancy, not even in relation to the Jews of France in general.


Diode–capacitor-based dc–dc converters provide a simple and low cost solution for high step-up voltage regulation in solar and fuel cell generation. Transient modeling analysis reveals their worse influence of nonlinear and nonminimum-phase system characteristic due to right-half-plane (RHP) zero, especially in high voltage gain application. However, the process of energy transfer for diode–capacitor-based dc–dc converter is different from basic dc–dc converter. Based on the unique feature, this paper proposes an improved main circuit structure with parallel connection of resistive–capacitive damping network across the intermediate capacitor to achieve good dynamic performance. By optimal parameter design according to Routh–Hurtwitz criterion, all the RHP zeros in the transfer function of control-to-output voltage are eliminated completely. Then, by the case of diode–capacitor-based boost converter, the adaptive PI controller is designed to deal with nonlinear characteristic of voltage gain. It gets good dynamic performance under wide range output voltage. All the theoretical findings and design approaches are verified by simulation and experiment results. The existing diode–capacitor-based high step-up dc–dc converters with slight main circuit modification are more promising in renewable energy application.


This paper addresses practical aspects of detecting the presence of some piece of data which has been steganographicly hidden in the transform domain of JPEG images. The paper proposes a method that is capable of discovering stego-data embedded by modulating specified DCT coefficients. Actually, the proposed algorithm is a modification of the well-known Harmsen&Pearlman method of steganalysis. We perform our analysis in the transform domain rather than in the pixel one as Harmsen and Pearlman do. The effectiveness of our approach to detection of DCT coefficient modulation schemes in JPEG images is illustrated by real-life examples.


This article discuses the concept of 'civil society' and how it has been used by the international community to promote democratization. It addresses some of the dimensions and side-effects of the policy, such as the relationship with traditional societies and power networks. It also addresses the importance of attending to the conditions of implementation, political issues such as nationalism and Islam, and political actors who may only have recent democratic credentials. Political democratization—free elections—is clearly popular in the Greater Middle East and Central Asia. During the last two years people have voted every time they have had the opportunity, despite the dangers. The debate concerning the compatibility of Islam and democracy overlooks the fact that the main obstacle to democratization in the area is usually not a religious but a secular authoritarian regime. The difficulty of building a democracy with people we do not consider to be democrats is discussed. There can be no democratization process without taking into account the mainstream Islamist parties and without acknowledging the importance of nationalism. There is a clash between the 'war on terror' approach and the call for elections: one cannot put Hamas and Hezbollah on the terrorist list and call for free elections in which both would emerge as legitimate and representative political movements.


We investigate hydrodynamic cavitation to inactivate commonly employed Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains in an aqueous solution using different reactors and hydraulic circuit selected to demonstrate the process feasibility on the industrial scale. The target to achieve an useful lethality of the yeast at lower temperature when compared with standard thermal and even with other cavitation processes was achieved, with 90% yeast strains lethality at lower temperature (6.3–9.5°C), and about 20% lower energy input. A separate model simulating the combined thermal and cavitational effects on yeast lethality allows to accommodate the data into a comprehensive framework providing a tool to design further targeted experiments and to predict results when changing the process parameters.


There have been controversies among the scholars over the English scholar Menzies' conclusion about Zheng He's global voyage.Through a study of history books,original epigraphs and geologies as well as the social and historical backgrounds of the Ming Dynasty,the author of this paper concludes that there has been no evidence to support Menzies' conclusion.


AbstractIn this paper, the bond strength of lap-spliced glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in concrete beams is experimentally investigated. Thirteen beam specimens were manufactured for laboratory experiments. The parameter of transverse reinforcement along the splice length was selected as the main variable for the beam specimens. Other variables were surface properties of GFRP bars, bar diameter, and concrete compressive strength. Test results show that the effect of transverse reinforcement on bond strength between GFRP bars and concrete depends on the surface properties of reinforcing bars. The experimental results obtained in the present study and the results reported in the literature are compared with the current design equation provided by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 440 guidelines. The equation of ACI Committee 440 for evaluating the bond strength of GFRP bars underestimates the bond strength of spliced GFRP bars confined with large amounts of transverse reinforcement...


To report the follow up data and clinical outcomes of the JME study (UMIN 000008177), a prospective, multicenter, molecular epidemiology examination of 876 surgically resected non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and the impact of somatic mutations (72 cancer‐associated genes) on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).


This paper aims at describing the implications of the theory of mixing and its products towards Islamic banking and Islamic financial institutions. A qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach was implemented in this study. The object of the current study was SubBranch Office (KCP) of the Syariah Mandiri Bank in Sumenep Regency. The results of this study indicated that the products of the Syariah Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep in terms of the Musharaka financing contract consists of Musharaka mutanaqishah and musharaka of network capital. Musharaka mutanaqisha is applied in home financing in which the profits are obtained from the margin agreed by all parties. While, the musharaka of network capital uses a profit sharing system in which the profits are calculated through a revenue sharing system. In terms of juridical law, the Syariah Mandiri bank KCP Sumenep has followed the rules stated in the Sharia banking law of 2008 as well as in the fatwa of the National Sharia Board. Whereas, in the case of the application of musharaka accounting that has been regulated in International Financial Report Standard (PSAK), Sharia Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep has accordingly applied the contract accounting of musharaka as regulated in PSAK 106. However, in terms of account recording (estimation), Islamic banks have not obeyed the rules stated in PSAK 106. Furthermore, this study concludes that there are still many customers who do not understand the contract of mudharabah at Syariah Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep. It due to the lack of socialization from the banks to the public. In juridical perspective, the Sharia Mandiri Bank KCP Sumenep do not implements mudharabah contract based on fatwa of the National Sharia Board and do not apply the accounting based on PSAK 105. Therefore, it is categorized as Islamic/ sharia financial engineering.


A Power Plant Simulator (PPS) was constructed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to examine the component sources of entrainment mortality. This experimental apparatus circulates temperature-controlled water through a closed loop consisting of a pump, a condenser bundle, and vertically adjustable piping. Larval bluegill, channel catfish, carp, largemouth bass, and smallmouth bass and juvenile bluegill and mosquitofish were exposed to different combinations of pump speed and water temperatures in the PPS. Wide differences among species in their sensitivity to pipe and condenser passage were observed. For most of the species tested, short-term conditional mortalities resulting from the physical stresses of pipe and condenser passage increased with ..delta..T and/or pumping rate. Pump passage was not a major source of physical damage, and no clear relationship was found between pump efficiency and mortality. Susceptibility to physical stresses associated with entrainment was inversely related to the size of the entrained organisms. Delayed mortality frequently occurred among fishes exposed to stresses in the PPS. However, delayed mortality estimates in these experimental groups were significantly greater than corresponding values in handling control groups in only 15 of 64 comparisons. Like short-term mortalities, relatively higher delayed mortalities were often observed for the smaller species tested.


Nitrogen cycling is generally considered to be more rapid on sites with high availability of N; this is usually associated with differences in tree species composition. We tested whether N cycling in stands of a single tree species increased with increasing mineral soil nitrogen capital. Rates of N cycling in nine stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were estimated by measuring annual N input in litter, N content of the forest floor, and net N mineralization rate in the forest floor. Rates of C and N turnover were estimated from the litterfall:forest floor ratio. The amount of N returned in litter increased as soil N capital increased. The increase in litter N content resulted from both increased litter mass (C content) and increased N concentration in litter. Despite the greater litter input, forest floor mass was smaller at N-rich sites, indicating more rapid turnover of the forest floor on N-rich sites. There was a positive relationship between fractional annual loss of N from the forest floor and soil N capital. Therefore, even without changes in tree species composition, sites with greater soil N capital returned more N in annual litterfall and had faster turnover of N in the forest floor. Fractional annual loss of C also increased with increasing soil N capital, indicating faster decomposition on N-rich sites. The rate of net N mineralization during laboratory incubations of the forest floor was not correlated with soil N capital or N concentrations of litter, but was related to the C:N ratio of the forest floor. Net N mineralization was appreciable only at two sites where forest floor C:N ratios were <35. The rate of net N mineralization or C:N ratio of the forest floor were not good indicators of N availability at these sites. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that rates of N cycling are faster on N-rich sites, and that this effect can occur in the absence of changes in tree species composition.


Rome was the sight of the First Italian-American American Society of Addiction Medicine (AS AM) meeting October 26-28, 1997. Mary Haack, R.N., Ph.D., F.A.A.N. of George Washington University shared co-chair responsibilities as well as presenting a summary of her policy research on women and children with drug-related problems. Also in attendance were Madeline A. Naegle, R.N., Ph.D., F.A.A.N. who presented a paper on approaches to substance abuse assessment in primary care settings, and Marianne Marcus, R.N., Ed.D., F.A.A.N. who discussed her work on interdisciplinary education on substance abuse for health professionals. Attendees traveled from all over Italy and expressed much enthusiasm for developing this specialty in this nation.


The interionic structure of complexes [Ru(η6-Arene){(2-R-C6H4)NC(Me)−C(Me)N(2-R-C6H4)}Cl]X was investigated by an integrated experimental (PGSE diffusion and NOE NMR spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal studies) and theoretical (DFT and ONIOM calculations) approach. PGSE NMR experiments indicated that ion pairing is the main aggregative process in CD2Cl2 and solvents with higher relative permittivity. They also showed that the tendency to ion pairing for isodielectric solvents is higher when the latter are protic. NOE interionic contacts were observed in 2-propanol-d8 even for BARF- salts. Ion pairing was favored by more coordinating counterions and an increase in concentration. An equilibrium between ion pairs and ion quadruples was observed by PGSE measurements in chloroform-d and benzene-d6. Such equilibrium is shifted toward ion quadruples by an increase in the concentration or when least coordinating counterions are used. For small fluorinated counterions, NOE studies located the anion in ion pairs ...


In recent decades, the market share of new energy resources is increasing rapidly; the intermittency of new energy resources became an issue to power grids. One prevailing solution is to install large scale energy storage systems. To make energy storage systems participate better in peak shaving without geographical constraints, the paper put forward a new design of a system that couples liquid air energy system with a thermal power unit to utilize waste heat from the condenser of the thermal power unit; the system is also independent from electricity input when producing electricity.


Disembeded community is quietly rising; and in this context, there have been some subtle changes in education. Disembeded community has subverted the time, expanded the space and brought about some changes. So education should take the initiative to respond and to embody the "transcendental" function. In details it means that in theory Chinese education reform should carry forward the advantages of "disembeded community" and avoid its disadvantages, while in action we not only use the "disembeded community" but also transform it.


A task' s end-to-end delay in its execution is a key requirement to real-time systems. This paper presents a configurable state class method based on time Petri nets for their quantitative analysis. The proposed method has a flexible state class structure. A firing domain is separated into a kernel domain that supports the basic evolution of state classes, and a configurable domain that is used to evaluate end-to-end delays. Since both domains adopt a uniform representation for time constraints, end-to-end delays can be computed synchronously with the evolution of state classes via the same firing rules. Firing rules are decomposed into basic timing operations. This treatment not only makes the calculation of end-to-end delays more flexible, but also provides a scalable way to add new timing operations into a time Petri net model. The proposed method computes arbitrary end-to-end delays along a trace with time O(ml2) and space O(l2), where m is the number of firing transitions along the trace and l is the maximum number of transitions in configurable and kernel domains. Compared with the existing state class methods, it has better performance and flexibility in on-the-fly computation of end-to-end delays.


Offshore eastern Canada is an environment where deep water and the need to penetrate thick salt sheets increase the difficulties faced by drillers. The full-length paper details a deepwater, subsalt-drilling case history and examines the challenges of dealing with high pore pressures and variable fracture gradients. During drilling, conditions were encountered that required use of unconventional borehole sizes and on-the-fly drilling-design modification to deploy unplanned equipment rapidly.


This study uses illite crystallinity, chlorite crystallinity, illite polytypes, the b0 cell‐dimension of K‐white mica, clay mineral assemblages and mineral geothermo‐geobarometers to investigate the overprint of diagenesis and metamorphism on the Meso‐Neoproterozoic and the Lower Paleozoic along the profile Yueyang‐Linxiang in northeastern Hunan Province, China. Illite crystallinity Kübler index (KI) of the <2µm fractions ranges from 0.225 to 0.485°Δ2θ while chlorite crystallinity Árkai index (AI) ranges from 0.244 to 1.500°Δ2θ. This indicates that the Meso‐Neoproterozoic and the Lower Paleozoic along the profile Yueyang‐Linxiang were overprinted with diagenesis and anchi‐ to epimetamorphism. Peak metamorphic temperature is estimated with the IV site chlorite geothermometer roughly at 360°C. The b0 cell dimension values of illites (K‐mica) range from 0.9002 to 0.9054 nm and, on average, at 0.9030 nm for the Meso‐Neoproterozoic. Based on cumulative frequency curves of illite (K‐mica) b0 cell dimension, the peak metamorphic pressure of the Meso‐Neoproterozoic along the profile Yueyang‐Linxiang is derived of an intermediate pressure type. Most illites occur in the 2M1 polytype and some of them in a mixture of 2M1+1M types especially those in the Paleozoic. This result partly agrees with the conclusion of the lower greenschist and greenschist facies of the Lengjiaxi and Banxi Groups. However, it is not agreed with the sedimentary cover from the Sinian to the Lower Paleozoic or from the Banxi Group to the Lower Paleozoic. Crustal thickening due to "collision" between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks led to an increase in the thickness of the Meso‐Neoproterozoic to ca. 14 km and resulted in a temperature increase in those rocks due to burial. The very low grade to low grade metamorphism overprinting the Meso‐Neoproterozoic implies that the so called "Chiangnania or Jiangnan orogen" was no relative with the "Grenvillian orogeney; instead, it might be a continuous amalgamation product between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks.


The product ion spectra obtained by electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap instruments exhibit a higher number of fragment ions than those achieved by other ion-trap-based systems, indicating the presence of more effective energy deposition mechanisms. This behavior can be attributed to several different reasons, among which different initial internal energy of the precursor ions, pre-activation due to collisions taking place outside the trap, different target gas mixtures inside the trap, and different ion trap geometry were considered. Data obtained from experiments using a triple quadrupole instrument, CI-ion trap, and ESI-ion trap have been compared. The results so achieved seem to indicate that the presence inside the trap of neutral molecules of the solvent employed for the ESI process have a relevant role, promoting high energy deposition in the colliding ions.


This study aims to improve the process and the results of learning content of science grade 4 students on the theme 8 Sub Theme 1 through the model of learning Problem Based Learning. This research is a classroom action research (PTK). The study was conducted in two cycles with three meetings each cycle. The subjects of the study were 4th grade students of SDN Mangunsari 05. The data collection techniques used in this classroom action research were test, observation, and documentation. Result of validity test at cycle I of 45 problem there are 26 valid questions, in cycle II there are 24 valid questions. Reliability test in cycle I obtained Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.904 and on the second cycle obtained Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.878. The learning process on the initial condition of teacher action is 78,57% and student action equal to 71,42%. In the first cycle of teacher action in the learning process of the first meeting 82.14%, the second meeting amounted to 89.28%. Student action on first cycle of first meeting is 75% and second meeting is 89.28%. In cycle II the teacher's first meeting action is 100% and the second meeting is 100%. Student actions in the first meeting process of learning amounted to 92.85% and the second meeting 100%. The result of the research shows that there is an increase of learning outcome of IPA especially the theme of 8 sub themes 1. It is proved by the increasing of learning result. At the time of initial condition of 30% of students who reach the threshold. In the first cycle there was an increase to 80% that reached completeness. While in the second cycle there is an increase to 100% which reached completeness. The conclusion of this research is the application of PBL learning model to make students become more active and courageous in solving problems and increasing the result of studying the content of science.Keywords: PBL Model, Process, Learning Outcomes


: An analysis of the effects of massed versus spaced practice in the study of two topics in physics was performed. Three classes of physics students participated. Students were taught one of the topics followed by massed practice and the other topic followed by spaced practice. Two tests were administered two weeks after the final spaced practice to determine if there was a difference in retention or ability to solve new types of problems. Likert scales were administered to determine if interest in the subject matter was affected by the type of practice. In addition, interview data were collected to ascertain other variables which may have been overlooked. Statistically significant results favoring spaced practice were obtained for both the recall of subject matter (0.37) and the application of information to solve new kinds of problems (0.60). Interest was not significantly affected by the treatments. Interview data generally showed a preference for spaced practice.


In this paper from the point of view of E Sh risk, we set up and study the multi objective decision making model for portfolio investment while short selling being allowed or not. Meanwhile, the method for calculating optimal weighted investment coefficient is given.


Humans share 99 per cent of their genetic information with the chimpanzees What then makes us so incredibly different from chimps? Our language is often credited with being the prime mover in making humans what they are. Noam Chomsky of the Massachusettes Institute of Technology has argued that language is innate and develops spontaneously in children. We are quite unique in our ability to modulate our vocalisations because of the unusual structure of our vocal tract.


This article presents a revised version of material derived from Kerslake's PhD dissertation (Middlesex, 2001), The Problem of Immanence in Kant and Deleuze


With the explosion of big data, higher requirements for computational efficiency have emerged. Compared with classical computing, quantum computing possesses quantum parallelism due to the unique nature of quantum systems. It has been found that many classical algorithms can be accelerated using quantum computing. In addition to factorizing a large integer, quantum computers can be used for data processing and analysis. In recent years, two frontiers, i.e., big data and quantum computing have begun to merge. Though practical quantum computers have not yet been built, theoretical studies have made some important progress. In this review, we introduce the basic principles of quantum computing. As a representative example, we describe the Grover search algorithm and its important generalizations. Quantum machine learning is the entry point for the integration of big data with quantum computation. We review in detail, the applications of quantum computation in data mining, the main application of machine learning. Other aspects of quantum computing in big data are also briefly summarized.


govern usage in any language. They are "rules of logical grammar ," "rules of syntax applicable in any language." As an example, he proposes: "The same body cannot occupy two different positions a t the same t ime . " He says, "This is a t rue s tatement of a logically necessary connection, if it correctly expresses a rule governing our ordinary use of the expression, ' the same body' (in any language)." This seems a poor illustration. Aside from the difficulty inherent in the notion of the ordinary use of the expression " t he same body" in any language, the rule expressed seems to be a semantic rather than a syntactic one. Of more interest than the foregoing thesis, already familiar from other sources, is the author 's contention tha t "A statement of denial of a logically necessary connection can itself be called necessary only as being necessarily connected with another s ta tement or denial of a necessary connection . . . ; considered in isolation from other similar s ta tements , it cannot be described as either necessary or impossible, bu t only as t rue or false." This is one of the principal theses of Strawson's article, reviewed above. CHARLES A. BAYLIS


ABSTRACT This prospective comparative study evaluated a DNA hybridization test (Affirm VPIII) as an alternative to Gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. We examined vaginal smears from 1,725 pregnant women between the 12th and 36th weeks of gestation with clinical signs of vaginal infection. The DNA hybridization test compared well with Gram stain and can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool to exclude bacterial vaginosis.


The title compound, C32H48O8P2S2, was prepared by the nickel-catalyzed reaction of bis(5-bromothienyl)dipropoxybenzene and triisopropyl phosphite. The thiophene rings are inclined to the benzene ring by 14.6 (2) and 25.3 (3)°. One propyloxy group is disordered. Four hydrogen bonds connect the molecules, which are arranged in ribbons parallel to the bc plane.


The purpose of this study was to verify the satisfaction of students after completion of courses that were held with the help of Learning Management System at the Faculty of teacher education in Osijek and to determine whether the use of Moodle has increased the quality of study in terms of better information exchange, improved communication between teachers and students and improved availability of learning materials. The study evaluates the students' satisfaction in relation to the transparency of evaluation and availability of learning materials, improvement of teaching and developing working skills and satisfaction of population of teachers who use Moodle for teaching, while taking into consideration their respective characteristics.


For a system of semilinear elliptic partial differential equations with a small parameter, denned on a bounded multi-dimensional smooth domain, we show the existence of solutions with internal layers. The high-dimensionality of the domain gives rise to quite interesting an outlook in the analysis, dramatically different from that in one-dimensional settings. Our analysis indicates, in a certain situation, an occurrence of an infinite series of bifurcation phenomena accumulating as the small parameter goes to zero. We also present a related free boundary problem with a possible approach to its resolution.


A fluorescence technique is used to study the mechanism and dynamics of thermoreversible gel formation in concentrated polymer solutions. Two examples of these ordered structures were studied: isotactic polystyrene (iPS) in decalin and syndiotactic polymethyl methacrylate) (sPMMA) in toluene. iPS can form two types of gels in decalin solutions. Turbid suspensions are formed between 60 o C and 130 o C. When the solution is quenched beneath 20 o C, transparent gels are formed. In the former solution the polymer has a 3 1 helix structure; in the latter a 12 1 helix is formed


In the March issue, John Wellens reviewed Roberts, White and Parker's study of THE CHARACTER‐TRAINING INDUSTRY. One of the statements in the book with which issue may be taken was that course organisers 'proved rather ambivalent about having their schemes assessed by outsiders.' In the first part of the following article, Peter Whitfield, a recent graduate from the MA course in Organisational Psychology at the University of Lancaster, presents some of the findings of just such an outside assessment of the Brathay Hall Month Course which was initiated at Brathay's request in 1973. The main findings of this specific assessment are at variance in many instances with the general conclusions drawn by the Roberts team, and a more detailed report is being prepared for publication elsewhere. In the second part, Chris Graham, Brathay's Development Tutor, reviews key issues determining current and future developments at the centre in the light of Peter Whitfield's work and in the context of Roberts, White and Parke...


Objective: To investigate the expression of CD117, CD34 and Ki-67 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and its relationship with the clinicopathological features and risk rank of GISTs. Methods: The expression of CD117, CD34 and Ki-67 was detected with S-P staining and risks were also ranked in all cases based on the observations of light microscopy. Then the correlation between immunohistochemical findings and the clinicopathological features (gender, age, location and histological type) and risk ranks of GISTs were analyzed. Results: Of 41 GISTs, the positive rates of CD117 and CD34 were 80.5% and 73.2%, respectively. The Ki-67 proliferation indices were 1%, 1%-5% and 5% in 22, 8 and 11 patients, respectively. Expression of CD117, CD34 and Ki-67 had no significant difference between groups in gender, age and histological types. However, GISTs of esophagus and stomach origin had higher positive rates of CD34 than those derived from the intestine, while Ki-67 had opposite data for GISTs of the 2 origins (P0.05). The number of patients at extremely low, low, moderate, and high risk was 6, 16, 7 and 12, respectively. Further data showed that expression of CD117 and CD34 proteins had no significant difference between different risk ranks. Nevertheless, Ki-67 protein had higher expression in higher risk cases (P0.01). Conclusion: CD117 and CD34, both highly expressed in GISTs, can serve as diagnostic markers for GISTs, but can not be used for assessing the risk of patients. The expression of Ki-67 protein might be a risk indicator for GISTs and a predictor for prognosis.


The (Sr,Ca)_(n+1)Cu_nO_(2n)(Cl,O)_2superconducting homologous series have been briefly introduced.The emphasis is on the special charge reservoir block of the oxyhalide high T_c superconductror (HTSC),which consists of the halide layer instead of the routine oxide layer.Consequently the apical oxygen related to the p-type HTSC is missed in the compound whereas the apical chlorine bridges the conducting layer and the charge reservoir.In the context a novel hole doping mechanism named"apical oxygen doping"was introduced through partially substituting oxygen for chlorine.This chemical doping leads to an 80 K superconducting transition in the high pressure synthesized double layered (Sr,Ca)_3Cu_2O_4(Cl,O)_2 oxyhalide.Not only the high T_c,the oxyhalide cuprate superconductor also demonstrates the comparable physical properties to those of the full oxide HTSC,indicating the promising prospects to develop new high T_c oxyhalide superconductors.


PURPOSE: To continuously and economically manufacture a rubber end mixture in one operating step by plasticizing and homogenizing a raw rubber by a two-ring screw extruder, mixing a non-reactive additive with the rubber at a specific temperature, then cooling it to a specific temperature, and then mixing the reactive additive. CONSTITUTION: A raw rubber (a) is supplied from a filling port 5 to a biaxial screw extruder, plasticized in a range of casing sections (a), (b), (a), (c) and homogenized. Then, a non-reactive mixture component (c) is filled from a casing opening 23 in the extruder, and a homogeneous rubber mixture is formed. Here, a temperature in the sections (a) to (e) is 100 to 160 deg.C. In a main process BD, an extrudate is cooled by a cooler for an extruder casing to a range of 100 to 120 deg.C. In the section (a) to (g), a reactive mixed substance (e) is supplied from a supply port 25, the extrudate is mixed with the additive while being always cooled, and processed to a homogeneous mixture.


This paper presents the vibration diagnosis research method for diesel engine main bearing shell abnormal wear condition.Two characteristic parameters,g_(max) and E_(high)/E_(total),to be used to monitor and diagnose diesel engine main bearing shell abnormal wear condition are proposed here.The real detecting result shows that it is feasible to use the engine surface vibration signal to diagnose main bearing shell abnormal wear trouble.


We present a method for binarization of degraded call number images. Based on the texture feature of the character stroke, the algorithm initially detects the character pixels to determine the size of the local area and compute the logical thresholding level. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the method. key words: call number, degraded image, image binarization, image segmentation, texture feature


Objective:To investigate the morphological changes in the sternocleidomastoid muscle following functional radical neck dissection. Methods:We assessed the sternocleidomastoid muscle morphology in a cohort of 50 patients who underwent functional radical neck dissection. All patients had oral and maxillofacial cancers and received unilateral neck dissection as part of their primary treatment. Static measurements was performed at three different levels of the muscle,with the neck in the neutral position. Local muscle asymmetry patterns were calculated using the asymmetry index. Results:Significant sternocleidomastoid atrophy was noted on the side of functional radical neck dissection (P0.01). The atrophy was particularly marked in the caudal portions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Conclusion:Sternocleidomastoid atrophy was likely related to damage to the segmental blood supply in the caudal portions of the muscle as well as injury to the innervation.


The numerical analysis of the mechanisms governing the flow in the porous region is of a priority interest for modeling porous media flows. The present study is a prerequisite for elaborating the efficient turbulence modeling techniques in porous media flows. The main objective of present study is to provide a detailed pore scale description of fluid flow and to analyze the formation of the coherent structures in the wake region close to the solid wall, subjected to the effects of the finescale turbulence. The computation was performed in a three dimensional representative elementary volume (REV) of porous media that are composed of a periodic array of circular cylinders. Two flow-modeling strategies were employed: steady RANS and the transient LES approach. In the RANS modeling framework both standard k– and low Re-k- turbulence models have been used. The porosity () of the porous REV has been varied from 0.3 to 0.8 and Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter (ReD) is varied from 100 to 40000. The effect of porosity and ReD on pore scale velocity distribution, overall macroscopic pressure gradient and turbulence statics have been investigated. The detailed flow characteristics obtained from the RANS and LES calculations within the porous REV have been compared. The results of comprehensive computations over three dimensional REV is compared with analytical solutions of the Darcy–Forchheimer law. The good agreement between computational predictions and the empirical laws demonstrated the validity of the numerical method to simulate the macroscopic flow behavior in porous media.


The concepts of traditional and alternative energy are considered. The disadvantages of the «green energy» technology, the dangers associated with the use of alternative fuels are given. Measures are proposed to reduce the emergency situations of technological processes at alternative energy enterprises.


Dongfeng hydropower station is open ski spillway.Avoiding the negative pressure and the cavitation destruction by the contraction of frontier wall,makes the big ridge trough by aerify,paste-corner ridge as nose,this advanced measure can eliminate energy and erode-resistant or defend clash.This text analysis the spot of the spillway,the result of the analysis indicate that blow hole the groovy of mix-gas'setting protects ogee segment and contrary arc segment;paste-corner ridge as nose resolve the problem of backward position eroded.


Few studies in the field of IT outsourcing relations include the view of providers. Previous research has identified the lack of sustainability in service performance as a recurring problem, e.g. the continuous delivery of high quality services over time. It can be argued that IT outsourcing providers who manage to establish a dynamic fit between sourcing capabilities and their own organizational structure are less susceptible to changes in their clients' environment. Moreover, IT providers who monitor their clients' developments are expected to be able to adapt to changing client circumstances and realize a sustainable performance. This research is based on both qualitative and quantitative exploratory research. Three provider organizations were selected: a domestic provider, an offshore provider, and a global provider. To conclude, our case studies provided sufficient evidence that a fit between sourcing capabilities and organizational structure contributes to a positive sourcing performance. Our research revealed that providers that are able to adapt to changing client circumstances, while establishing a fit at the same time, succeed in achieving a sustainable performance. Since the provider-side of IT outsourcing arrangements is under-researched our study contributes to partially filling this gap. From a managerial perspective, our results suggest that monitoring and assessing changing client circumstances regularly are a prerequisite for providers to become an agile organization.


Objective: Withanolides are the biologically active, principle compound present in Withania coagulans , which is having a high medicinal value and possesses potent therapeutic activity. The present study was attempted with an objective to investigate a biomass growth and withanolide production in in vitro root tissues of W. coagulans . Methods: High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) often serves as a method for quantification of major withanolides. In the present study, methanolic withanolide extract of in vitro cultured W. coagulans root tissue were carried out using HPTLC. The HPTLC analysis was performed using precoated silica gel aluminum plate (20 cm × 20 cm) 60F254 (E.MERCK, Germany) with mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:5:1). Results: The optimization of different combination and concentration of plant growth regulators (indole-3-butyric acid [IBA] and indole-acetic acid) was used to stimulate the biomass growth and withanolide production. The maximum biomass growth (7.48±0.25 g/dL) was observed in medium with 4.93 μM−1 IBA. The higher amount of withanolide A (204.98±0.87 μg/L DW) and withaferin A (227.15±0.57 μg/L DW) accumulation was recorded in culture grown on half Murashiga-Skoog media supplemented with 4.93 μM−1 and 2.46 μM−1 IBA. Conclusion: We concluded that in vitro -cultured system could provide unique opportunities for large-scale production of pharmaceutically important compound than field grown plants.


This paper makes a contribution to the calculational paradigm of program development, a paradigm in which programs are calculated from their specifications by applying meaning preserving transformations. It introduces program induction, a technique analogous to mathematical induction, and iteration folding, a refinement rule. Using program induction, a specification is decomposed into a base case and an inductive case and their solutions are sequentially composed to derive the final program. The iteration folding rule is applied to transform potentially infinite nested if statements into a while statement. Our technique and rule augment the existing repertoire of techniques and rules in the calculus of program refinement.


Spatial QRS-T angle is an independent predictor of cardiac events. Wide QRS-T angle is correlated to fatal arrhythmias. The frontal QRS-T angle is the projection of the three-dimensional spatial angle into the frontal plane. This study aimed to develop a sistem that recorded the frontal ECG leads from mice. The frontal QRS-T angle was then derived from those leads. The ECG was acquired by using 3 analog modules which then digitized by microprocessor at 1000 samples/sec. The QRS-T angle calculation was implemented in Matlab to speed up the calculation process. The system was tested to measure a wistar rat of 2 months old. The results showed that QRS angles were quite stable compared to the T angles. Variation in the QRS-T angles was dominated by the T angles. The average QRS-T angle was 31.3$^{\circ}\pm8.04^{\circ}$.


An electromagnetic unit configured for being employed in a stator of an electric machine. The electromagnetic unit is constituted by a unitary solid body, and comprises a neck portion constituted by two end extensions sufficiently spaced apart for receiving therein a portion of a driven component of the electrical machine. The end extensions define therebetween a symmetry axis. The electromagnetic unit further comprises a frame extending from the end extensions and lying on the same or parallel plane as that of the end extensions. The frame has a first frame portion extending to one side of the symmetry axis to an extent W1, and a second frame portion extending to the other side of the symmetry axis to an extent W2 < W1. W1, W2 are measured perpendicular to the symmetry axis, and wherein at least the first frame portion is configured for receiving therein a coil of the electrical machine.


Tryptophan hydroxylase activity was measured in vitro in the pineal gland, brain stem, and cerebral cortex of rats after treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine. Enzyme activity in the brain stem or cortex, assayed at 10 µM tryptophan, decreased to 5% of control 1-3 days after treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine. Enzyme activity in the pineal remained at 60-75% of that in control rats. When the tryptophan concentration was greater than 100 µM, tryptophan hydroxylase activity in the pineal did not differ between control and p-chlorophenylalanine-treated rats. Tryptophan hydroxylase in the pineal is thus relatively resistant to inhibition with p-chlorophenylalanine. p-Chlorophenylalanine depleted serotonin levels in the pineal as well as in the brain. Neither the pineal nor the brain could convert tracer doses of radioactive tryptophan to serotonin, indicating that the biosynthetic capacity was impaired by treatment of the rats with p-chlorophenylalanine. However, after injection of a large dose of L-tryptophan, the pineals of p-chlorophenylalanine-treated rats synthesized serotonin from tryptophan at almost the same rate as the pineals of control rats. Smaller doses of L-tryptophan were less effective in increasing serotonin levels. These results indicate that, although the pineals of p-chlorophenylalanine-treated rats retained tryptophan hydroxylase, the affinity of the enzyme for tryptophan was reduced. The differential sensitivity to p-chlorophenylalanine of pineal tryptophan hydroxylase as compared to the enzyme from various brain regions suggests that the pineal enzyme has distinctive molecular properties.


It is shown that during the reaction between p-toluenesulphonyl chloride and pyridine-N-oxide, among other substances, N-(2′-pyridyl)-5-chloropyridone-2 is formed in a fair yield.


Endocan is a proteoglycan secreted by endothelial cells under the control of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of endocan on proinflammatory responses and on septic mice and underlying mechanisms. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endocan with or without neutralizing endocan antibody. Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery with or without neutralizing endocan antibody. Endocan was highly released by LPS and it enhanced proinflammatory responses. In a CLP‐induced sepsis model, endocan was also highly released, but this release was prevented by administration of neutralizing endocan antibody. Circulating levels of endocan measured in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis were significantly elevated compared with control donors. Furthermore, the administration of endocan antibody reduced CLP‐induced sepsis mortality. This study shows endocan can elicit severe inflammatory responses and inhibiting endocan release offers a potential strategy for treating sepsis. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 620–630, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


In the deep excavation engineering,underground continuous wall has been widely used,but few examples of the continuous wall stress and deformation characteristics are no clearly concluded. An excavation project was taken for an example in this paper. The project uses underground continuous wall supporting,through the analysis of the measured data,results show that the support design is reasonable,pit deformation monitoring results are displayed in a small range,indicating that the underground continuous wall supporting form has a good results.


At present, capacity increasing of data transmission systems through adaptive control of their operation modes or the use of adaptive methods for receiving and processing signals in complex frequency selective channels is becoming increasingly important. In this paper the issues with the possibility of controlling the operating modes of the data transmission system to increase its efficiency by choosing of the impulse shape of binary amplitude-pulse signal is considered. The solution of this problem is carried out by using the previously developed method of the theory of resolution time. It is shown the possibility of data transmission rate increasing by 34 percent while reducing the noise immunity by no more than 1.8 - 2 dB for a channel whose frequency response corresponds to the channel used in the Ethernet standard. In case of poor matching of the equipment with the communication channel, it is shown that it is possible both to increase data transmission rate and to increase the noise immunity of the system as a whole due to the correct choice of the impulse shape.


This article describes the application of new inspection techniques, assessment methodologies and life-cycle cost analyses aimed at improving the decision-making process for the replace/repair/rebuild option on overhead line networks. The approach is based on reliability-centred power line management, pioneered in the USA. RCM provides asset life extension whilst maintaining availability and has been proven to result in a very favourable cost-benefit ratios when applied in the USA. The methods and economics for applying RCM to UK practice through collaborative work between IPEC, EDM and NORWEB are described.


In a recent paper [arXiv:1506.06649 [nlin.CG]], we presented an example of a 3-state cellular automaton which exhibits behaviour analogous to degenerate hyperbolicity often observed in finite-dimensional dynamical systems. We also calculated densities of 0, 1 and 2 after n iterations of this rule, using finite state machines to conjecture patterns present in preimage sets. Here, we re-derive the same formulae in a rigorous way, without resorting to any semi-empirical methods. This is done by analysing the behaviour of continuous clusters of symbols and by considering their interactions.


Innate character of traditional legal culture in china is"rule by man"culture.Analysis on essence and the way to establish of rule of law culture in china in the course of transformation from tradition society "rule by man"to modern society rule by law is very importal and significative for promoting rule of law spirit and advancing rule of law construction.


The period before Qin Dynasty is the golden age in the development of our thought about society.The theory is the headstream of thought after it.The Confucian put justice before benefit;they consider justice is more important than benefit.This view influenced the debate between justice and benefit in the following two thousand years.Enterprise is the combination of benefit and morality,how to deal with the relationship between justice and benefit is very important in the enterprise's management and it also affects the construction about harmonious society.


The experimental activities for undergraduate chemistry students play an important role to develop skills and expertise in that science thus, the practice-experimental classes are so important to achieve this purpose. This work deals with a demonstrative experience for dye separation from food coloring sample using liquid column chromatography. Beyond the experimental practice and the facility in visualizing the separation, this demonstration shows how a simple experiment involving alternative and easy access materials can promote a meaningful learning once it is possible to handle the acquired data, trace and analyze the results themselves, thus developing skills rather than the operational procedure. This proposal could be implemented in initial chemistry classes in Brazilian universities. Sea and river sands were used as stationary phases and aqueous ethanolic solutions were used as mobile phases. A food coloring (a mixture of 3 dyes) was chosen as sample to be studied. Chromatographic separation was followed by spectrophotometric measurements. A set of analyses were carried out to discuss the solubility of the food coloring, granulometric studies of the stationary phases used and electronic microscopy images of the sands studied here. As alternative materials were used in this work, a chromatographic column was also constructed with low-cost materials.


OBJECTIVE
Most evidence for anticoagulation in aortic bioprosthesis is centered on embolic events, bleeding and reintervention risk. The effect of anticoagulation on haemodynamics has not been previously assessed. Our hypothesis was that patients with early AC after aortic valve replacement with porcine bioprosthesis have better haemodynamics at 1 year of follow-up.

METHODS
Prospective, randomized, open label trial conducted at two cardiac surgery centers. All patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with porcine bioprosthesis were consecutively recruited. The anticoagulated group received warfarin+aspirin and the non-anticoagulated(control) only aspirin. The primary outcome was mean gradient after 1 year of aortic valve replacement and change in New York Heart Association class. Secondary outcomes were major and minor bleeding, embolic events and prosthetic leak.

RESULTS
Of 140 participants in the study, 71 were assigned to the anticoagulated group and 69 to the control group. Mean age of the overall population was 72.4(SD: 7.1) years. Global euroSCORE was 7.65(SD: 5.73). At 1 year the mean gradient was similar between both groups (18.6(SD: 1.1 mmHg) and 18.1(SD: 1.0 mmHg) in the control and anticoagulated group respectively, p = 0.701). No differences in functional class at 3 months or 1 year were found among groups. No differences were found among groups in the in the secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
The addition of 3 months of oral anticoagulation to anti-aggregation treatment was not detected to affect bioprosthetic haemodynamics nor functional class at one year after aortic valve replacement. Likewise, anticoagulation does not lead to higher incidence of complications.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER
NCT03807921.


This paper discusses two case studies conducted at Northern Arizona University. The studies are from classes that are using the World Wide Web to enhance teaching and learning. One class is the Art of Cinema, a film studies class that has been taught via Instructional Television (ITV) for five years. Various techniques have been used over the years to increase class interaction. This paper addresses a step-by-step procedure for effectively using the Web to enhance the learning environment in large enrollment courses like this one by increasing interaction between student and teacher and among students. The second class, Creative Advertising Strategies, was developed as a fully Web-based course in the summer and fall of 1997 and taught on the Web, concurrently with a traditional classroom section, in spring of 1998. A pilot study was conducted to determine student satisfaction of a Web-based versus a traditional classroom environment and comparisons are made to each other. Results of the study, along with implications for future Web-based courses, are provided in this paper. (Author) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 41, O O Using the Web to Deliver and Enhance Classes: Two Case Studies By: Paul Q. Helford & Richard M. Lei


The gradient advancement strategy, applied in China after the open door policy, has promoted the development of the coastal area in the east. But objectively, it also widened the gap in economic development between the east and the west. And the gap also led to unbalanced development of higher education in its distribution, extent, condition and profits. The key to develop the economy of western China is to invest more manpower and to devote major efforts to developing higher education. To narrow the gap in higher education means to concentrate efforts on building multi-pattern for developing higher education in Western China by taking the advantage of new development.


Despite several attempts to accurately predict duration and cost of projects, simulation models in use are still over simplified and nonrealistic. They often fail to cope with real-life scenarios and uncertainty. In this paper we use the proxel-based simulation method to analyze and predict duration of project schedules exhibiting high uncertainty due to typical on-the-fly human decision behavior. The proxel-based simulation is an approximate simulation method that is more precise than discrete-event simulation. To model uncertainty, we introduce a new type of task, state-dependent (floating) task that supports and demonstrates a high degree of uncertainty and depends on various parameters in the schedule. For example, the probability distribution of the duration of a task can change depending on the team that performs it. Thus, this kind of task can be used to model the frequent re-scheduling in a project. We use software development process to illustrate our approach.


Effects of m(w)/m(b) , paste volume content and mineral blends with different contents or combinations on autogenous relative humidity (ARH) change of concrete resulting from self-desiccation were studied. From the aspect of thermodynamics, mechanism of ARH change of high-performance concrete resulting from self-desiccation was discussed. The results indicate that ARH reduction of concrete increases with the decrease of m(w)/m(b) and the increase of paste volume content as well. The reduction of ARH varies also with the different influences on the ratio and process of hydration of concrete with different mineral blends. The reduction of evaporable water in capillary pores that mineral components caused by the continuous hydration is the main reason for self-desiccation.


Upaya is a widely used term in Buddhism, commonly rendered into English by translations such as "expediency," "skillful means" and "adapted teachings." None of these terms is adequate or conveys the immense significance of the concept. For example, both "expediency" and "adapted teaching55 bear pejorative utilitarian connotations, while "skillful means" is aoristic without further elucidation. Such renditions imply that upaya are inferior teachings bearing only a marginal relationship to Buddhist philosophy. In fact a number of individuals mistakenly believe this to be the case and relegate the entire concept to the realm of secondary doctrine. The purpose of this essay is to systematically analyze the role of upaya in Mahayana Buddhist philosophy and its relationship to Nirvana.


Objective To discuss the feasibility and safety of CAG and PCI percutaneous radial artery.Methods The clinical materials of 200 cases of CAG and PCI patient from June 2006 to March 2008 in our hospital were analyzed.Results There were 196 cases succeeded with 98.0% in puncture and 194 cases succeeded with 97.0% in catheter.46 cases were performed interventional therapy.The complication after operation were 2 cases of arrhythmia,2 cases of vagus nerve reflex,12 cases of radial artery spasm,6 cases of local hematoma,4 cases of forearm edema and 5 cases of weakness pulse.Conclusion There might be less complication with perdutaneous radial artery CAG and PCI and without limit of movement.