The high surface area, tunable mechanical properties of nanofibers are beneficial as wound dressings. Nanofiber wound dressings provide an appropriate environment for wound healing while employing protection against infections. Moreover, integration of nanofibers and therapeutics agents can be employed as local treatment and to ensure an independent healing process thereby restrain conditions such as poor vascular perfusion that affect wound healing. Integration of therapeutic agents into nanofibers supports wound healing by providing a convenient environment for inhibition of infections and reducing inflammation. For that reason, the integration of therapeutics agents to nanofibers is advantageous to provide local drug delivery and a promising approach for wound healing. In literature, there are many studies about the integration of therapeutics agents to nanofibers employed with various methods to enhance wound healing. Electrospinning is a common technique for producing nanofiber and allows nanofiber fabrication by blending polymer solutions and drug however blending of drug and polymer solutions limit the demanded drug release for wound healing. It is direly needed to develop an approach for the integration of and therapeutic agents to nanofibers wound dressing whereas drug release is independent of polymer degradation. Therefore, innovative approaches needed to be employed for the integration of nanofibers and * Sorumlu Yazar: email@example.com Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi e-ISSN: 2148-2683 716 therapeutic agents. In this study, the spin coating was employed for the accommodation of, the therapeutics content, curcumin on the nanofibers followed by the investigation of the efficiency of the spin-coating approach for the drug integration on nanofibers to be employed as a wound dressing. The results showed that accommodation of curcumin onto nanofibers was performed successfully by spin-coating and more than 50% of accommodated curcumin was released in 2 hours. Furthermore, drug-loaded nanofibers improved fibroblast cell proliferation for 24h in comparison to pristine nanofiber. In view of all, curcumin deposited nanofibers are considered as profitable for connective tissue regeneration by means of supporting cell proliferation.


Techniques used in the theory of error-correcting codes are applied to solve the problem of addressing a large file. This novel approach to the file addressing problem is illustrated with a specific design to show feasibility. Its effectiveness is further illustrated by comparing test results obtained from a simulated calculation, which used typical data, against values calculated from an ideal model.


The varied and complex dynamics of real-world systems challenge the formulation of a systematic strategy for designing a stabilizing feedback law. Rather than taking a universal approach, the control strategies developed thus far to handle this problem are specific to the inherent structure of the system under consideration. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a generalized theory for the design of the stabilizing feedback law wherever possible for a general class of systems, including the systems in standard structured and unstructured forms discussed in the existing literature. The theory behind this general controller design theory utilizes the idea of an invariant target manifold giving rise to a non-degenerate two form, through which the definition of certain passive outputs and storage functions leads to a generation of control law for stabilizing the system. Because the above concepts are linked with the Immersion and Invariance (I&I) design policy and the passivity theory of controller design, the proposed methodology is labeled as the "Passivity and Immersion (P&I) approach". Furthermore, being a constructive methodology, the various worked examples in this paper exemplify and demonstrate the various design paradigms such as Backstepping, Incremental Backstepping, Forwarding, I&I, and the techniques based on the generation of Control Contraction Metrics (CCM) can be unified in the P&I methodology.


This article is based on a Master's study, which investigated the ability of law students to search the electronic databases of the University of Botswana (UB) library and their perceptions of the information literacy course offered by the library. The study population consisted of 362 undergraduate law students. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that most of the undergraduate law students used the library's electronic databases and benefitted from the information literacy course offered by the library.


In this paper we present an approach that transforms the DFD to the Use Case diagram of UML. DFD is a structured approach which provides the functional view of the system whereas Use Case diagram is an object oriented approach provides the functional view of the system under consideration. Structured methods are very commonly used by the developers and if there is need to expand the functionality of the systems then object oriented approach is used which is very useful. So the transformation of one approach to the other will be beneficial for the developers. For this we present an approach that will transform Data Flow Diagrams (Major tool of Structured Approach) with Use case diagram.


We have attempted to measure the level of deep electron trapping centres in Ge(Li) detectors by observing the variation of pulse amplitude with temperature over a wide temperature range. The mean time TD for the re-emission of a trapped carrier from a given level decreases exponentially with increasing temperature; as TD becomes shorter than the amplifier time constants, pulse amplitude should show an increase over a narrow temperature interval. No such transition was observed between 80 and 160 K. We conclude that the main electron trap is deeper than 0.175 eV.


To the Editor.— We have recently observed a patient made cyanotic by unrecognized intubation of the left main bronchus by a Miller-Abbott tube. This complication of gastointestinal intubation is not reported in several recent reviews. 1,2 The patient was a 42-year-old woman with cervical carcinoma. Three days after a Wertheim hysterectomy with deep lymph-node dissection she had a schizophrenic reaction. Because she was disruptive, antipsychotic drug therapy was started and the doses were rapidly increased; by the sixth day postoperatively she was receiving haloperidol, 2 mg every eight hours, and chlorpromazine, 100 mg every six hours. Signs of a small-bowel obstruction developed and tube decompression was decided upon. Thirty minutes before attempting intubation, the patient received 10 mg of morphine which caused marked sedation and no response to verbal stimuli. As nasal passage of the Miller-Abbott tube was attempted, apnea and cyanosis developed. The tube was withdrawn. The patient coughed


Neutral buoyancy simulation of the three-dimensional space environment enables long-term training and evaluation for astronaut and robotic operations prior to attempting these activities in space. The underwater environment, however, does not allow use of global positioning system or pseudolite equivalents, and sonar has significant limitations when used in a small, reflective tank. This paper describes an eight-camera visual positioning system (VPS) to provide real-time three-dimensional position and velocity estimates for free-flying neutral buoyancy robots performing tasks such as spacecraft inspection and servicing. A long-baseline calibration procedure is developed to estimate accurate intrinsic and extrinsic calibration parameters. An extended Kalman filter merges camera measurements with robot telemetry to create an optimal three-degrees-of-freedom estimate of translational position and velocity. Static tests indicate VPS is capable of locating a robot with subcentimeter accuracy under ideal conditions, and more typically, three-to four-centimeter accuracy when background clutter or glare influence processed image measurements. A series of dynamic tests show centimeter-level accuracy so long as the vehicle is viewable with multiple cameras, indicating VPS is a viable navigation system for neutral buoyancy operations.


ABSTRACT The present research was aimed at synthesising and characterising curcumin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticle-decorated mesoporous silica as a tissue adhesive (Liquid Stitches). The mesoporous silica nanoparticles facilitate adhesion to tissues through the nanobridging effect. The mesoporous silica was synthesised using a sol–gel methodology, and the drug was incorporated using the wetness impregnation method. The platform that was prepared was characterised using infrared spectroscopy, TEM, DSC, XRD, particle size analysis, BET analysis, a tissue model adhesion test, an antimicrobial assay and a wound model in Sprague Dawley rats. The average particle size was found to be 72.4 nm, while the surface area was found to be 654 m2/g. The tissue model adhesion graphs showed significantly different values for the peak load, work done and deformation at peak load, which reflects a difference between the glue strengths of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles and the Cur-ZnO-MSN and the carrier medium (water). The animal study provided a proof of concept by glueing wounds in less than 1 minute and healing the wound within 5 days.


It is disclosed a method of manufacturing a magnetic random access memory. On a lower reading layer, an interlayer insulating film is formed, a cell area of the interlayer insulating film is etched in accordance with a photo-etching process using a cell mask and the lower layer for reading, the cell area and the interlayer insulating film in a peripheral circuit region, a MTJ layer is produced , The sidewall of the interlayer insulating film is exposed, and the MTJ layer is left by lift-off of the interlayer insulating film only in the cell region and in a following process, a bit line is produced which is an upper, connected to the MTJ layer reading layer. Accordingly, an effective region of an MTJ cell is obtained, and the properties and reliability of the MRAM are improved.


A total of 7 259 garden Chrysanthemum expression sequence tags(EST) were downloaded from NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information) databases,and were further assembled to 3 784 non-redundant ESTs with a total length of 2 088.6 kb.Of the assembled sequences,407 SSRs were identified in 355 Uni-ESTs using MISA software,and the frequency of the EST-SSR was 10.76%.Trinucleotide repeats were major types,and accounted for 47.42% of the total SSR.Among the 76 observed repetitive motifs,A/T and ACC/GGT were the most abundant motifs,followed by ATC/ATG,AAC/GTT,AC/GT,and AAT/ATT.Based on the information of EST-SSR in Chrysanthemum,24 EST-SSR primer pairs were randomly selected to assess the amplification efficiency by using 14 Chrysanthemum cultivars,and 12 primer pairs yielded ideal PCR products.A total of 37 loci,which includes 32 polymorphic loci were amplified by using 10 SSR primer pairs,ranging from 3-5 loci per primer pair with an average of 3.2.Among 14 Chrysanthemum cultivars,genetic similarity ranged from 0.61 to 0.84 with a mean of 0.67.


Objective: To investigate the effects of atorvastatin(ATOR) on the level of inflammatory factors,such as hs-CRP,IL-6 IL-12 and TNF-α from epicardial adipose tissure,serum and atrium of rabbits.Methods: 45 rabbits were randomly divided into control group(n=15),high fat and high protein diet(HFD) group(n=15),and HFD+ ATOR group(n=15).Obese rabbits were induced by high-fat and high-protein diet for 4 weeks before being treated with atorvastatin.The level of hs-CRP,IL-6,IL-12 and TNF-αfrom the atrium,serum and epicardial adipose tissue of rabbits was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: ①compared with that in the control group,the level of inflammatory fatctos was higher in HFD group(P0.05);In HFD group,the level of inflammatory factors from atrium and epicardial adipose tissue was higher than that from serum(P0.05).②Compared with that in the HFD group,the level of inflammatory factors reduced in HFD+ATOR group(P0.05).Conclusion: Adiposity is associated with high expression of inflammatory factors.The high level of inflammatory factors,especially from the epicardial adipose tissue,may play important roles in the occurrence and progress of atrial fibrillation.Atorvastatin can reduce the level of inflammatory factors and alleviate the risk of atrial fibrillation occurence.


The main purpose of this paper is to recognize the speaker by using simple MATLAB programming. In this system we compute the pitch feature of audio signal to recognize the speaker. By finding out the closest feature from database the speaker can be easily recognize. In this system we can recognize the speaker very correctly this can be verify by testing the system many times. Key Words: System design, ,pre-processing, FFT, Pitch, training, testing.


The search for the 'holy grail' of a fast, reliable, inexpensive predictor of defect printability has reached a new level. Taking images from several inspection tools (KLA-351, KLA-353, and KLA Starlight) during defect review, the AVI Photomask Metrology System provides measurement repeatability better than 5 nm, and significantly better correlation to printability than Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) measurements. SEM measurements of printed defects are compared to various measurements of the defects on the mask. Analysis shows, as expected, that optical area measurements provide the best correlation to printability. Further, images from existing inspection tools are shown to be sufficient to produce these measurements using AVI's new 'Flux-area' technique.


Without concerted efforts at both the national and city levels to resolve information problems, subnational capital markets are likely to fall short of their potential, and understanding the successes and impediments to information resolution are important components underlying policy design recommendations. This chapter examines three cities from different historical contexts and asks: What information resolution measures and processes did the national and city governments establish, and to what extent did they result in the use of capital market financing options? Where did those measures help? What institutional constraints inhibited and continue to inhibit success? The case study analysis at this level exemplifies how changes in either national and/or city institutional contexts affect city debt levels and debt composition.


Abstract. Mineral hydration is an important geological process that
influences the rheology and geochemistry of rocks and the fluid budget of
the Earth's crust and mantle. Constant-stress differential compaction
(CSDC) tests, dry and "wet" tests under confining pressure, and axial-stress tests were
conducted for the first time to investigate the influence of triaxial
stress on hydration in anhydrite–gypsum aggregates. Characterization of the
samples before and after triaxial experiments was performed with optical
and scanning electron microscopy, including energy-dispersive spectroscopy
and electron backscatter diffraction mapping. Stress–strain data reveal that
samples that underwent constant-stress differential compaction in the
presence of fluids are ∼ 14 % to ∼ 41 % weaker
than samples deformed under wet conditions. The microstructural analysis
shows that there is a strong temporal and spatial connection between the
geometry, distribution, and evolution of fractures and hydration products.
The increasing reaction surface area in combination with pre-existing gypsum
in a gypsum-bearing anhydrite rock led to rapid gypsification. The
crystallographic orientations of newly formed vein gypsum have a systematic
preferred orientation for long distances along veins, beyond the grain
boundaries of wall-rock anhydrite. Gypsum crystallographic orientations in
{100} and {010} are
systematically and preferentially aligned parallel to the direction of
maximum shear stress (45∘ to σ1). Gypsum is also not
always topotactically linked to the wall-rock anhydrite in the immediate
vicinity. This study proposes that the selective inheritance of crystal
orientations from favourably oriented wall-rock anhydrite grains for the
minimization of free energy for nucleation under stress leads to the
systematic preferred orientation of large, new gypsum grains. A sequence is
suggested for hydration under stress that requires the development of
fractures accompanied by localized hydration. Hydration along fractures with
a range of apertures up to 120 µm occurred in under 6 h. Once
formed, gypsum-filled veins represent weak surfaces and are the locations of
further shear fracturing, brecciation, and eventual brittle failure. These
findings imply that non-hydrostatic stress has a significant influence on
hydration rates and subsequent mechanical strength of rocks. This phenomenon
is applicable across a wide range of geological environments in the Earth's
crust and upper mantle.


In this paper an affirmative solution is given for the following problem in many-valued logic posed by Rosser and Turquette in [6] p. 110: For every triple ‹s, t, m› with 1 ≤ s < t < m, is it possible to define a system of m-valued logic which satisfies the following conditions? I. Every statement which always takes values ≦ s is provable. II. No statement which ever takes a value > t is provable. III. Of those statements which always take values ≤ t and sometimes take a value > s, some are provable and some are not. We state now, temporarily deferring comment, a more demanding alternative to Condition III: III′. For every truth value k such that s < k ≦ t, there are statements P and Q such that each takes the value k at least once, but never takes a value > k, and P is provable and Q is not. In § 2 a solution is given on the level of the statement calculus. The remainder of the present section is devoted to some negative results which serve to clarify the problem, and one positive result which shall cause us to replace Condition III by III′. We confine our attention to the statement calculus.


Controlling postal transition was an important means to prohibit the circulation of the banned newspapers.In the Late Qing Dynasty there were three post systems,namely,the Qing Post,Private post and foreign post in China. Because the government couldn't control the above postal systems fully,the banned newspapers and periodicals circulated widely and affected China deeply.


The manuscript presents a kinetic, quasi-unary molecular cluster and aerosol particle model to simulate ternary ion-mediated nucleation (TIMN) from sulfuric acid (H2SO4), water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3). This work extends the previously developed binary H2SO4-H2O (BIMN) model (Yu, 2006b) to include also ammonia. This is done by using quantum chemical data for some H2SO4-H2O-NH3 molecular clusters (some of which have been previously published by the authors, and some of which are new


In the post-COVID-19 era, UNESCO advised that cities should respond to the challenge by embracing the concept of becoming UNESCO Creative Cities. This study was conducted to determine the community's readiness to be involved if Melaka is designated as the Creative City of Gastronomy. This research applies the qualitative method of in-depth interviews with nineteen local community representatives from community associations, NGOs, gastronomy-related operators, experts, and external organisations and using thematic analysis to analyse the data. This study gains a comprehensive understanding of the Creative City of Gastronomy, the awareness level of the community, the motivation factor of the local community as well as the challenges regarding the local cuisine conservation efforts. The results show that the local community is ready to participate in the Creative City of Gastronomy if the program is applied in Melaka. Besides, the resources for the creative city, such as the local communities, are well ready, however, they need to be given more exposure and awareness related to the creative city and to be guided continuously. Therefore, this study is beneficial to all stakeholders to transform the Melaka city area into sustainable and resilient in the post-COVID era.


Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. has several therapeutic applications in folk medicine and carnosic acid is one of the major chemical constituents in this plant. Standardized extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (ROE) and carnosic acid (CA) isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis were evaluated for anxiolytic-like activity. Methods used were elevated plus maze, open field and social interaction tests. Charles foster albino rats were treated with ROE at the doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day and CA at the doses of 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg/day, p.o. for seven consecutive days respectively. In all tests, ROE and CA exhibited significant anxiolytic activity. ROE and CA significantly increased the level of 5-hydroxy tryptamine and dopamine concentration in rat brain while norepinephrine concentration was decreased. These results suggest that both ROE and CA has significant anxiolytic effect in dose dependent manner and qualitatively similar to standard anxiolytic agent lorazepam, which likely to regulated through monoaminergic system in the brain. These observations strongly suggest that carnosic acid seems to be major active constituent of RO for its observed anxiolytic activity in rodents.


relationship between his work and McCarty's. On another matter, the author on page 95 uses a photograph of a stagecoach from his own collection and identifies it as Cape Willingham's Mobeetie and Las Vegas Mail Line. Actually, this is a February 1879 picture of Eli Bates and F. C. Taylor aboard a San Antonio and El Paso Mail Line Celerity coach at Concho Mail Station in Benficklin, Texas. This photograph has been previously published in a number of books, including those by Wayne Austerman and the Tom Green County Historical Preservation League. These two points aside, Tascosa is a lively, entertaining study that makes an important contribution to our understanding of Texas's nineteenth-century ranching and Old West history. Texas Tech University Press has produced a handsome book. The sophisticated, mood-setting cover design is eye-catching. Tascosa is also blessed with numerous photographs, many of them from the Haley Library in Midland, that help the reader get an authentic period feel for the people, the town, and the surrounding Panhandle region. The book's impressive footnotes are an extra bonus and should not be overlooked as they are an engaging read unto themselves.


This research study examines practical money management to find out the goals of practitioners as well as techniques that enable them to manage money. We specifically examine whether practitioners follow either the informational efficiency or inefficiency approach to invest for their clients. We corroborate their answers with their perceptions of their own performance evaluations.


AFTER SO eminent a naturalist as BUtschli has modified Stein's system of Ciliata, it may appear rather assuming if I venture to propose some changes. It is done because my views have long been held, and have been confirmed as the years passed. In the first place, it seems that the Peritricha are of an organization quite different from that of all other ciliates. The formation of the anterior part, peristome, mouth, etc., is unique, although having some resemblance to that of the Stentorina. There is no adoral zone with transverse rows of cilia like that in Heterotricha and Hypotricha, as has recently again been asserted by Delage et Herouard.1 The arrangement of the muscular elements in the ectoplasm, or myonems, is quite different. The formation of a temporary posterior girdle of cilia for locomotion, in the most typical Peritricha,. and even the permanent one in some others, is a very distinguishing feature. And a distinction of highest order is their mode of fission in the longitudinal axis,2 or by gemmation. This character has been explained in various ways, and some have tried to bring it in conformity with the transverse fission in the other groups. Nevertheless, it remains different, and shows, combined with the other features noted above, that this group is of quite another type, or phylum, the more so if we add the peculiar phenomena of conjugation. The remaining Ciliata differ from the Peritricha in regard to these characters, and they resemble one another in respect to the most significant of them.


The Cretaceous scaphopod (molluscan) fauna of mainland Australia is characterised by a rather depauperate and poorly known assemblage of five species: dentaliids Dentalium (Dentalium) n. sp. A (probably Aptian), Dentalium (Dentalium) n. sp. B (Cenomanian), and Dentalium (Dentalium) n. sp. C (Maastrichtian); fustiariid Fustiaria wollumbillaensis (Etheridge, Jr., 1892) (Late Aptian-Albian?); and laevidentaliid Laevidentalium cretaustralium n. sp. (Late Albian). Each species is endemic to either the Great Artesian Basin or Carnarvon Basin of Australia. A probable sixth species is recorded from Cenomanian deposits of Bathurst Island, but the affinity of this taxon is uncertain. In some shell beds of the Allaru Formation, scaphopods dominate the preserved macrobenthos. Although at species level the fauna is endemic, strongly cosmopolitan genus level links of the scaphopods mirror that of other groups of molluscs (bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods), indicating derivation from evolutionary separation from pre-ex...


Vockley et al. Loss of functional mutations in conserved regions of the human arginase I gene, Biochemical and Molecular Medicine (1996), 59:44-51.* Spector et al. Am J Hum Genet (1980), 32: 79-87.* Ash, "Structure and function of Arginases," the Journal of Nutrition, 134:2760S-2764S, 2004. International Search Report and Written Opinion, issued in Applica tion No. PCT/US2009/062969, mailed Jun. 17, 2010. Carvajal et al., "Interaction of arginase with metal ions: Studies of the enzyme from human liver and comparison with other arginases." Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 1 12:153-159, 1995. Colleluori et al., "Expression, purification, and characterization of human type II arginase." Arch Biochem Biophy's, 389:135-143, 2001. Han et al., "Synthesis and evaluation of alternative substrates for arginase." Bioorg Chem, 30:81-94, 2002. Carvajal et al., "Consequences of mutations of metal ligands in human liver arginase I." Molecular Biology of the Cell, 13:546A, 2002. Rehner et al., "Effect of manganese cobalt and nickel on the activity of liver arginase in-vitro and in-vivo. Medizin and Ernaehrung, 11(2):32-35, 1970. Stone et al., "Engineering human arginase I as a novel cancer thera peutic agent." retrieved from the Internet at http://aiche.conefx.com/ aiche/09icbe preliminaryprogram/abstract 143378.htm, retrieved on Feb. 29, 2012, dated Sep. 6, 2008. Supplementary European Search Report and Search Opinion issued in European Application No. 09824219.1, mailed May 31, 2012. Ankudinov et al., "Real-space multiple-scattering calculation and interpretation of X-ray-absorption near-edge structure." Physical Review B, 58:7565-7576, 1998. Aoki et al., "Guanidine is a Zn(2+)-binding ligand at neutral pH in aqueous solution." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124:5256-5257, 2002. AScierto et al., "Pegylated arginine deiminase treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: results from phase I and II studies. J. Clin. Oncol., 23:7660-7668, 2005. Auld and Vallee, "Kinetics of carboxypeptidase A. The pH depen dence of tripeptide hydrolysis catalyzed by Zinc, cobalt, and manga nese enzymes." Biochemistry, 9:4352-4359, 1970. Badarau and Page, "The variation of catalytic efficiency of Bacillus cereus metallo-betalactamase with different active site metal ions." Biochemistry, 45: 10654-10666, 2006. Bansal and Ochoa, Arginine availability, arginase, and the immune response." Curr: Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 6:223-8, 2003. Beale and Croft, "A sensitive method for the colorimetric determi nation of urea." J. Clin. Pathol., 14:418-24, 1961. Bewley et al., "Crystal structures of Bacillus caldovelox arginase in complex with Substrate and inhibitors reveal new insights into acti vation, inhibition and catalysis in the arginase Superfamily." Struc ture, 7:435-448, 1999. Bickmore et al., "Bond-valence methods for pKa prediction. II. Bond-valence, electrostatic, molecular geometry, and Solvation effects. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70:4057-4071, 2006. Camaet al., "Structural and functional importance of first-shell metal ligands in the binuclear manganese cluster of arginase I. Biochem istry, 42:7748-7758, 2003. Cavalli et al., "Mutagenesis of rat liver arginase expressed in Escherichia coli: role of conserved histidines." Biochemistry, 33:10652-10657, 1994. Chaberek et al., "Stability of metal chelates. II. B-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid." J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74:5057-60, 1952. Cheng et al., "Enhanced hepatocyte growth factor signaling by type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor knockout fibroblasts pro motes mammary tumorigenesis." Cancer Res., 67:4869-4877, 2007. Cheng et al., "Pegylated recombinant human arginase (rhArg peg5,000mw) inhibits the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma through arginine depletion." Cancer Res., 67:309-17, 2007.


This paper models an extortionary relationship between a pipeline operator and a guerrilla movement. Payment and attack decisions are modeled as an infinite-horizon Markov decision process, where each period the oil company chooses to pay or not pay an extortion demand and the movement decides to attack or not. Decisions depend on the level of single-period payoff and discounted expected future payoffs. We estimate the model with pipeline attack data and compare parameters when the discount factor is changed. We reject a zero discount factor hypothesis, demonstrating that the movement's observed attack pattern is compatible with extortionary behavior. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


During the many years in which I have been involved in building client/server systems, I have often been asked if there is any real difference between the security of client/server systems and that of traditional, mainframe-based systems. The simple though seldom heard answer is yes—adoption of such a new architectural paradigm has a direct impact on security. It does not significantly affect existing security objectives; in most cases, security objectives remain constant. However, a new systems architecture does require that existing security methods and tools be either changed or replaced with new security techniques and tools. In short, what has to be done remains constant; how it is done changes depending on the new systems architecture. This column addresses a number of the unique security issues that are raised by adoption of client/server technologies.


This study investigated the phenolics (TP) and phytochemical contents and radical-scavenging activity of ethanol extracts of Dendropanax morbiferus parts (leaf, stem, and root). The contents of chlorogenic acid (CA) and rutin (RT) and radical-scavenging activity of all extracts by parts were in the order of leaf, stem and root. In the case of leaf, the TP contents were 2.15-2.52 mg/g when extracted with hot water and ethanol concentration (30-70%), and there was no difference depending on extraction solvents and times. However, 95% alcohol extracts showed the lowest content of TP (extraction time: 2-4 h). Particularly, CA and RT contents of 70% ethanolic extract for 2 h were the highest as 12.33 mg/g and 14.01 mg/g, respectively, in which DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were also highest (85% and 110%), respectively.


The invention provides a manufacture method for a CMOS device, and a CMOS device. The method comprises the following steps: providing a semiconductor substrate; injecting oxygen atoms in the semiconductor substrate to form a buried layer penetrating the semiconductor substrate, the buried layer being distanced a first distance away from the top surface of the semiconductor substrate; forming a field oxygen area on the top surface of the semiconductor substrate, and respectively forming a first active area and a second active area at the two sides of the field oxygen area, wherein the doping types of the first active area and the second active area are opposite, and the bottom surface of the field oxygen area extends to the bottom surface of the buried layer; respectively forming grids in the first active area and the second active area; and respectively forming first source electrodes at the two sides of each grid in the first active area, and respectively forming second source electrodes at the two sides of each grid in the second active area, wherein the bottom surface of the first active area and the bottom surface of the second active area are disposed above the buried layer. The CMOS device manufactured by use of the method provided by the invention can prevent the field oxygen area from current leakage, and can also prevent a latch-up effect.


Objective To determine the changes of plasma cortisol and critical illness score and their relationship with the prognosis of elderly patients with critical injury. Methods APACHE-Ⅱscoring value of 120 critically injured elderly patients were recorded, and levels of blood cortisol, blood sugar (BS), T3 and T4 were determined in the first 24 h. Results The levels of blood cortisol, T3 and T4 in critically injured elderly patients were significantly lower than those in critically injured non-elderly patients 396.79 ± 126.68, 1.37 ± 0.62, 108.2 ± 12.1 vs. 447.05 ± 131.32,2.14 ± 1.07,114.5 ± 21.7, respectively, P 0.01, and that of BS was significantly higher (12.36 ± 6.17 vs. 9.27 ± 2.36). With the increase of APACHE-Ⅱscoring value, the level of blood cortisol was increased at first and then decreased later, BS was increased. There were significant differences of the levels of blood cortisol, BS, T3 and T4 in different APACHE-Ⅱ scoring value groups. The APACHE-Ⅱscoring value and level of BS in death group were significantly increased as compared to survival group, but the level of blood cortisol was significantly decreased (278.06 ± 66.39 vs. 401.21 ± 112.40, P 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the APACHE-Ⅱscoring value was negatively correlated with the levels of blood cortisol, T3 and T4, but was positively correlated with BS. Conclusion The levels of blood cortisol and BS had obvious changes in critically injured elderly patients, and in combination with APACHEⅡscoring value, they are associated with the severity and can be used to evaluate the prognosis of these patients.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Many types of treatment options are currently available but include side effects that inhibit quality living for many people. Carbon nanodots are novel carbon nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nanometers and have appeared in the world of nanoparticles over the past decade. Their many features which include green synthesis methods, good biocompatibility, unique luminescence properties, and particularly their low toxicity have made them an attractive option in biomedical research approaches. In biomedical research, it is important to examine the effects of carbon nanodots on cellular uptake to determine the safety of these nanoparticles for further treatments in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we researched the cellular uptake of carbon nanodots in THP-1 human monocytes using Bio-Tek synergy fluorimeter. The results showed a dose-dependent increase in cellular internalization of carbon nanodots after thesethe dose- and time- dependent treatments in THP-1 cells. Our results may help guide further research studies on the potential biomedical application of carbon nanodots in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.


Based on the NECP/NCAR daily reanalysis data from 1948 to 2004 using the methods of filtering accumulative anomaly,Morlet wavelet transform and composite analysis,we studied the inter-decadal variation characteristics of the intensity,longitude,latitude and area index of North Pacific storm tracks,and found that the mean intensity of storm track centers during the 56-yr is about 32 dagpm2 and it locates at about 44.5°N,172°W.Morlet wavelet analysis indicates that its strongest interdecadal periodical signal is 18-yr.Besides,the intensity of the centre and area index of storm tracks have a good mutual corresponding relationship.Generally,when the intensity becomes strong(weak),the area expands(shrinks) with a westward(eastward) and southward(northward) shift of the center.


White sponge nevus (WSN) is an uncommon, hereditary benign keratinization defect that primarily affects the oral mucosa and occasionally, though rarely, the skin or other mucosal sites, such as the nose, esophagus and anogenital area. Sporadic cases of vaginal WSN have been reported. In the oral cavity, the buccal mucosa is prominently affected. Lesions have been reported at birth but are more commonly noted later during adolescent years. We present three cases of WSN with a discussion of the clinical appearance and histopathology, along with a brief review of the literature.


The linear stability of three‐dimensional incompressible flow over an infinite swept cylinder is considered. In particular, the effects of convex body curvature and nonparallelism on both stationary and traveling disturbances are studied. Both an exact approach and a perturbation approach are used to account for the body‐curvature effect and the results from both approaches agree very well. The nonparallel effects are accounted for by using a perturbation method. The influence of convex body curvature and nonparallelism with variation in the sweep angle, the unit Reynolds number, the cylinder radius, the location on the cylinder, and the disturbance spanwise wave number and frequency is studied. Both stationary and traveling disturbances are destabilized by the nonparallel effects and are stabilized by the convex body‐curvature effects. This is in agreement with the results obtained by solving linear parabolized stability equations. The effect of convex body curvature is gradually less stabilizing as the ...


The invention relates to a device (40) for a bimodal diagnostic probe (1) using optical and ultrasonic imaging, the probe comprising a main body (10) supporting an ultrasonic transducer (12) at the front end thereof. The device includes a shell (41), illuminating means (72a) mounted on the front end of the shell so as to illuminate the outside of the said shell, as well as a collection or detection means (72b) mounted on said front end of the shell so as to collect or detect an optical signal generated on the outside of said shell. According to the invention, the shell comprises attachment means (80, 82) for the reversible assembly thereof around the main body (10) of the probe, the illuminating means and the collection or detection means (72a, 72b) being mounted on said shell.


Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii CHAPTER 1 The Hedge Fund Industry 1 CHAPTER 2 The Service Providers 23 CHAPTER 3 Hedge Fund Structures 41 CHAPTER 4 Hedge Fund Accounting 59 CHAPTER 5 ERISA, UBTI, and Offshore Funds 77 CHAPTER 6 Marketing and Capital Raising 91 CHAPTER 7 Why the Back Office Matters 113 CHAPTER 8 The Launch 127 CHAPTER 9 Perception versus Reality 141 APPENDIX A Hedge Fund Litigation 153 APPENDIX B Examples of Hedge Fund Structures 189 Resource Guide 199 Notes 205 Glossary 209 Bibliography 213 About the Author 217 Index 219


The purpose of this article is to shed light on the representation of 'the Other' in three Shakespearean dramas: Sir Thomas More, The Merchant of Venice and The Tempest. The article describes several Shakespearean characters through the prism of post-colonialism and, therefore, the paper is structured as the postcolonial re-reading of the aforementioned dramatic texts. William Shakespeare portrayed the sad fate of immigrants in Sir Thomas More, but the Bard also tackled the refugee issue which remains relevant for the contemporary period. Additionally, Shakespeare dramatized the position of the Jewish community in Venice through the portrayal of Shylock. The re-reading of The Tempest focuses on the process of colonisation and the Manichaean division within the conquered world. In conclusion, the article portrays experiences of those dramatic individuals stigmatised and subjugated by the colonial forces, thus allowing the readers to better understand the binary division within colonial systems.


The humble settle plate - 90mm Petri dish - has been a mainstay of environmental monitoring within pharmaceutical manufacturing for decades. The standards for cleanrooms and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) stipulate limits for compliance using the settle plate.

The proposed revision to Annex 1 that has been in existence for several years now, does place greater focus on the microbial element of cleanroom qualification and routine monitoring. The current annex 1, from 2008, does not refer to microbial monitoring as part of the cleanroom qualification process, relying solely on particle size concentration (see 4.1). This places the guidance at odds with reality and out of step with what industry actually deploys; the extended detail in the new draft must be seen as a welcome improvement.


The aim of this paper is to identify, in addition to elastic properties, inelastic properties of tiny aluminium foam cell walls that can be directly deduced from the loaddepth curves of spherical indentation tests using formulations of the representative strain and stress. Constitutive parameters related to plastic material with linear isotropic hardening, the yield point (122 ± 17 MPa) and tangent modulus (950 ± 377 MPa), were obtained in this work. Spherical indentation and uniaxial tension experiments have also been performed on a standard aluminium alloy EN AW 6060 to explore the accuracy of the analytical models used to predict the uniaxial stressstrain in wide strain ranges. Some deviations received from different tests arose and, therefore, their effect on the evaluation of inelastic properties was discussed.


The structure of the prefabricated construction supply chain is becoming more and more complex, and the related risks of the prefabricated construction supply chain are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supply chain risk management of the prefabricated construction enterprise. Firstly, starting from the concept and mechanism of biological immunization, combined with the risk analysis of the prefabricated construction supply chain, the similarity between the risk management of the prefabricated construction supply chain and the biological immune system is discussed, and a risk management model based on the immune principle is established. Further, the corresponding recommendations for risk prevention of prefabricated construction node enterprises are also proposed, which provides new ideas for enterprise risk management activities.


Anycast is a network service provided in IPv6. A group of servers that provide same services will be assigned the same anycast address. A client wishing to contact the server will send the packets to this anycast address and the anycast-supported router will direct the packets to the nearest server. This paper analyses the performance of single-path and multi-path anycast routing protocols under different traffic load. The analysed results show that the performance of these protocols is very much dependent on the source-receiver distribution. When the traffic load is very high, the results show that multi-path anycast routing does not perform better than single-path anycast routing.


Emergency monitoring is the basis for effectively preventing and dealing with the abrupt environmental accidents.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) platform based atmospheric environmental emergency monitoring system characterized by high working efficiency,flexibility and wide-ranging monitoring,provides a new technology platform and tools selection,as well as the application of UAV has opened up a new field.The design framework of the UAV platform based atmospheric environmental emergency monitoring system was proposed,the components,functions and procedures of the system were preliminary designed.From the standpoint of technology development,some fields needed to in-depth research in the future were put forward.


: Urinary bladder neurofibroma is a rare presentation, but bladder is the most common genitourinary site of neurofibroma. It often presents early in life. Malignant transformation appears to be uncommon. In this case,11 years old boy presented with urinary frequency and poor steam of urine. On the basis of clinical, radiological, histopathological and immuno histochemistry evaluation , diagnosis of neurofibroma bladder was established. of bladder. bilateral distal ureter and bilateral vesico-ureteric junction are engulfed by the mass lesion causing bilateral gross hydro ureteronephrosis with thinned out renal parenchyma. · no e/o peri vesical invasion ,rectum appears compressed · no e/o enlarged iliac group of lymph nodes Suggested biopsy and histopathology co relation Patient posted for exploratory laparotomy and biopsy of the mass taken and bilateral D- J stent was done. HPE shows features of NEUROFIBROMA


The battle on the meaning is inseparable from political ideologies. In this paper, therefore, the notion of 'empowering for users' as a common expression in media studies will be evaluated by focusing on various examples selected from new media applications on the scope of the liberal 'media pluralism' and the radical 'media imperialism' theories. As the flagship of the new media, the Internet is acknowledged as the perfect 'marketplace of ideas' in the liberal model, while critical political economists of communication delve into the complexity of cultural industries and the valorisation processes of cultural objects in the new media context. Understanding the use and the role of the media is one of the most complex issues of our time, as they are inextricably intertwined with our everyday lives. However, warning against a positivistic techno-global millenarianism in the light of the multidimensionality of our social world is a must.


The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the gamma-ray spectrometry of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides. We have studied and identified two different kinds of errors from FRAM analysis: random and systematic. The random errors come mainly from statistics and are easily determined. The systematic errors can come from a variety of sources and can be very difficult to determine. We carefully examined the FRAM analytical results of the archival plutonium data and of the data specifically acquired for this isotopic uncertainty analysis project, and found the relationship between the systematic errors and other parameters. We determined that the FRAM's systematic errors could be expressed as functions of the peak resolution and shape, region of analysis, and burnup (for plutonium) or enrichment (for uranium). All other parameters such as weight, matrix material, shape, size, container, electronics, detector, input rate, etc., contribute little to the systematic error or they contribute to the peak resolution and shape and then their contributions can be determined from the peak resolution and shape. A. INTRODUCTION The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) software has been developed and is continuing to be refined at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for the gamma-ray spectrometry measurement of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides [1–2]. FRAM can obtain a complete plutonium or uranium isotopic analysis using either a single planar or coaxial germanium detector or a CdTe detector. The actual detector type is not really important; what matters most are the resolution and the shapes of the peaks in the spectrum. The current version of FRAM (v4) can analyze a plutonium or uranium spectrum with a maximum peak resolution of 1.8 keV FWHM (full width at half maximum) at 122 keV for analysis of the 100-keV region, 2.2 keV at 122 keV for analysis of the low-energy region above 120 keV, and 3 keV at 1.3 MeV for analysis of the energy region above 500 keV. As for the peak shape, FRAM requires that the fraction of the peak area that is present in the low-energy tail of the peak must be less than 0.20 for all the peaks in the spectrum. Note that FRAM can analyze a peak with a large tail on the low-energy side of the peak. However, it cannot determine the tail on the highenergy side of a peak. Therefore, in spectra with peaks that have large high-energy tails, FRAM will not be able to accurately determine the isotopic compositions of the plutonium or uranium. Although FRAM can analyze spectra with very broad peaks and with large-tail peaks, such as those near the limits just mentioned, common sense would tell us that the results from those


The mechanism by which inactivating mutations of PHEX (phosphate‐regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) cause X‐linked hypophosphatemia remains unknown. However, recent reports suggest errant PHEX activity in osteoblasts may fail to inactivate a phosphaturic factor produced by these cells. To test this possibility, we examined coordinated maturational expression of PHEX and production of phosphate transport inhibitory activity in osteoblasts from normal and hyp‐mice. We assessed the inhibitory activity in conditioned medium by examining the effects on opossum kidney cell phosphate transport and osteoblast PHEX expression by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction during a 17‐day maturational period. Inhibitory activity increased as a function of osteoblast maturational stage, with no activity after 3 days and persistent activity by 6 days of culture. More significantly, equal phosphate transport inhibitory activity in conditioned medium from normal and hyp‐mouse osteoblasts (control 1.90 ± 0.12, normal 1.48 ± 0.10, hyp 1.45 ± 0.04 nmol/mg of protein/minute) was observed at 6 days. However, by 10 days hyp‐mouse osteoblasts exhibited greater inhibitory activity than controls, and by 17 days the difference in phosphate transport inhibition maximized (control 2.08 ± 0.09, normal 1.88 ± 0.06, hyp 1.58 ± 0.06 nmol/mg of protein/minute). Concurrently, we observed absent PHEX expression in normal osteoblasts after 3 days, limited production at 6 days, and significant production by day 10 of culture, while hyp‐mouse osteoblasts exhibited limited PHEX activity secondary to an inactivating mutation. The data suggest that the presence of inactivating PHEX mutations results in the enhanced renal phosphate transport inhibitory activity exhibited by hyp‐mouse osteoblasts.


Objective: The present experiments were designed to investi gate the effect of omeprazole, a H + K + ATPase inhibitor, on myometrial smooth muscle isolated from nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Material and Methods: Isolated myometrial strips were ob tained from pregnant (n=10) and nonpregnant (n=10) rats and were mounted in organ baths for recordings of isomet ric tensions. The effect of increasing concentrations of omeprazole (10'-10" M) on spontaneous myometrial con tractions and on myometrial smooth muscles precontracted with 8 mM Ca 2 + in Ca-free medium were recorded.


Volume 10(1) March 2001 —147 Institute, Canada), and C. Moreau (National Research Council, Canada). This conference was successful in assessing the most recent understanding concerning the science and technology of thermally sprayed nanocrystalline coatings. Special attention was paid to understanding the in-flight characteristics of particles as well as testing methods that allow critical analysis of deposit versus bulk material properties. It was also very encouraging to see the active participation of many junior researchers at this meeting, the majority of whom received traveling fellowships from our sponsors. The web site http://DOL1.eng.sunysb.edu/ MTL/ quebec-uef/, shows some of the participants and social interactions. The next workshop in this series is titled "Novel Synthesis and Processing of Nanostructured Coatings for Protection against Degradation" and is scheduled for Aug. 12–19, 2001 in Davos, Switzerland. The field of nanoscale materials has demonstrated much growth over the last decade. The field of thermal spray has contributed to this growth in terms of powder manufacture, equipment and processing technologies, and the development of coatings and deposits. There is no doubt that thermal spray is a core technology that is underutilized in this emerging area. This series of conference has been sponsored by The Engineering Foundation, New York, NY, e-mail: email@example.com, http://www.engfnd.org. The first conference was held in Davos, Switzerland, Aug. 3–8, 1997, and the abstracts published inJTST, vol. 7 (3)(1998), pp. 411–41. The second conference, which is reported in this article, was held in Québec City, PQ, Canada, August 15–10. The Conference Co-Chairs were C.C. Berndt (SUNY at Stony Brook), E.J. Lavernia (University of California, Irvine), L. Kabacoff (Office of Naval Research, United States), M.L. Trudeau (Hydro-Québec Research Thermal Spray Processing of Nanoscale Materials II—Extended Abstracts*


AC Induction motors are sized for maximum load and are operated at a constant full speed, because they are supplied with power from AC lined at a fixed-sinusoidal voltage and fixed frequency. However, load of motor does not always same at many conditions but the input voltage and power of motor is fixed. Of course, it will influence the efficiency of the motor. One method to improve efficiency of the motor is varying the voltage as loaded its and called Motor Controlled. Motor Controlled is AC Drive that using SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) as the output voltage controller by controlling the firing angle. By employing SCR Motor Controller that adjust the voltage of the motor offers advantageous to improve efficiency of motor and potential for significant energy savings.


The model of wiretap channel (WTC) is important as it constitutes the essence of physical layer security. Recently, it has been shown that a noiseless feedback channel from the legitimate receiver to the transmitter helps to increase the secrecy capacity of the WTC. However, the present feedback strategy focuses only on generating the key from the feedback signal and using this key to protect part of the transmitted message. This secret key-based feedback strategy has been proved to be optimal only for some degraded cases. In this paper, we propose a new feedback strategy for the WTC, where the feedback signal is not only used to generate the key but also used to generate cooperative information helping the legitimate parties to improve their encoding and decoding performance. We show that the proposed new strategy performs better than the already existing one, and the results are further explained via a binary example.


Want to know what can happen if your employer doesn't follow an order made by Fair Work Australia? Click on this page to find out.


Some new phenomena on low-latitude ionospheric total electron content (ITEC) observed at low and equatorial latitudes are reported; data acquired with the ATS-6 satellite and the S-66 satellite at stations in India are involved. Results pertain to: integrated production rates and semiannual variation with equinoctial peaks; seasonal variation of the F-region effective loss coefficient; blanketing sporadic E modes; ITEC over the Indian subcontinent, and an equatorial anomaly in ITEC; traveling ionospheric disturbances moving NE in morning hours over the subcontinent and reversing direction in the afternoon; and scintillations. Conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of blanketing sporadic E modes in producing satellite signal scintillations is claimed.


The article deals with the meaningful content of educational disciplines of geoecological profile, which should ensure qualitative changes in the educational process and the introduction of innovative technologies for it to successfully implement the practical knowledge acquired by students of theoretical knowledge. Due to the increasing of the dangerous consequences of human activity and the complication of current geoecological problems, the geoecological profession and the ability of higher education institutions graduates to introduce the acquired knowledge in practical activity become extremely urgent. One of the main ways from theory to practice in the process of acquiring higher education is the geoecological approach to optimizing the spatial-temporal structural-functional landscape organization of the territory. The meaningful content of the three structural blocks of the academic discipline "Geoecology of Ukraine" for Master degree students should correspond to the general research methodology, the main geoecological problems and the application of research results to solve these problems.
At different stages of studying the discipline, appropriate forms and methods of ensuring the educational process are used. At the initial stage, such forms are the organization of non-standard lecture lessons in the form of multimedia presentations, as well as seminars with tests, public speeches and student discussions. The main stage of studying the discipline is devoted to the analysis of modern geoecological problems of Ukraine. The disclosure of these problems should be based on the scheme "the influence of inefficient nature management – the change of geo- ecosystems components – violation of these components geoecological functions due to negative effects – ways to restore broken communications". At this stage of discipline studies, it is advisable to combine classic traditional teaching techniques with creative search, application of innovative educational technologies, original didactic ideas. Introduction in the educational process a relatively new for Ukraine Method of projects allows students to not only better learn lecture material, but also learn to independently acquire knowledge in close cooperation with the teacher. The method provides an individual work according to the plan drawn up by the project team, and the results of this work will have theoretical, practical and cognitive significance. The offered algorithm of carrying out students' project activity is: first of all, the essence of the problem is revealed; then the factors and causes of its occurrence are analyzed; after that, the ways of solving the problem are being developed and their effectiveness is evaluated.
The approximate themes of student projects within the framework of the educational discipline are determined, as well as the forms of interaction between students and the teacher at certain stages of work on the project. The themes of the last, applied, section of the discipline are related to the practical aspects of geoecological research and may be selected by students independently, on the example of their city, district, and region. This is important for students to understand the project activity as an adaptive strategy for the arrangement of a comfortable people environment. Upon assimilation of all educational program themes, future specialists become trained in practical implementation of the geoecological approach to optimization of nature using in order to solve actual problems. Upon assimilation of all educational program themes, future specialists become trained in practical implementation of the geoecological approach to optimization of nature using in order to solve actual problems.


Both our analysis (Kerr et al. 2006), and Lees and Colwell's (2007) reanalysis, of patterns of bird and mammal diversity on Madagascar show that the central peak of richness predicted by the Mid-Domain Hypothesis (MDH) is not observed. Lees and Colwell emphasize an observation consistent with MDH predictions: a latitudinal mid-domain richness peak in the rainforest biome. They find (but do not mention) that no analogous peak is observed in the other two main Madagascan biomes. MDH fails nearly all its tests in Madagascar.


To the Editor:— I read your comprehensive and timely editorial "The Hazards of Dry Cleaning" (The Journal, Dec. 16, 1933, p. 1970) with a great deal of interest and benefit, and may I say that I second all of the suggestions contained in it. One phase of the subject, however, I believe, needs further emphasis. This has to deal with commercial dry cleaning. Since the introduction of carbon tetrachloride and trichlorethylene as a general solvent in the dry cleaning establishments, I have noted cases of dermatitis of varying severity which followed the wearing by women of clothing recently cleaned in these establishments. In all the instances observed, there occurred an annoying, somewhat scaly, reddened and well defined involvement within forty-eight hours. The localization depended on whether the dress was short or long sleeved. In the former, the areas of the axillary folds, the sternum and the neckline of the dress


Neck disability that begins with neck pain is common disorder among workers. The main factors that trigger neck disability are work posture and work sitting duration. This research aimed to identify the correlation between work posture and work sitting duration with risk of neck disability in Denpasar City workers. Design of this research is a cross sectional analytical study. The amount of sample is 65 female workers aged 32-50 years old. The independent variables are work posture and work sitting duration while the dependent variable is neck disability. The result of this research showed that work posture and work sitting duration have a significant correlation with risk of neck disability. The conclusion is the higher risk of work posture and the longer of sitting duration is affected to the higher risk of neck disability in Denpasar City workers.
Keywords: Work Posture, Work Sitting Duration and Neck Disability


A coupled thermal–hydraulic–chemical (THC) model was carried out in this paper to study the influence of rock heterogeneity and the coupling effect of temperature, groundwater, and hydrochemistry on rock damage. Firstly, the hydrochemical and hydraulic erosion equations were established. The equations of the coupled THC model were established by combining the hydrochemical and hydraulic erosion equations, the flow equations, and the heat transfer equations. Weibull distribution was adopted to govern the heterogeneity of initial rock porosity distribution. Secondly, the influence of the hydrochemistry, the temperature and the initial porosity heterogeneity on porosity and fluid velocity change was studied. Then the rock damage rule changed with time at different pH values and temperature was studied. Finally, an actual deep coal mine model was established to apply the THC model to predict water inrush. Results indicate that: (1) The average porosity and average fluid velocity approximately show linear growth and exponential growth with time, respectively, and their growth rates increase with decreasing pH value and increasing temperature in a certain acidity and temperature range. (2) The increase of initial porosity heterogeneity has little influence on porosity change, but it can increase the fluid velocity growth rate. The porosity heterogeneity and fluid velocity heterogeneity approximately show exponential growth with increasing time, and the rock heterogeneity growth contributes to form cracks. The increase of temperature and decrease of pH value have little influence on the porosity heterogeneity, but they can increase the growth rate of the fluid velocity heterogeneity. (3) The rock damage shows linear growth with time, and its growth rate increases with decreasing pH value and increasing temperature in a certain acidity range and temperature range. (4) The increase of rock heterogeneity can increase the possibility of water inrush.


Due to an increasingly international marketplace with multinational companies selling their products around the world, the issue of advertising products across countries has received considerable attention. In the academic literature, two basic and opposing approaches to international advertising can be identified. The localisation (adaptation) approach requires that advertisers focus on the differences between countries in order to develop advertising messages that are tailored to local markets. Proponents of this approach emphasise cultural uniqueness. In order to be successful, advertising needs to reflect differences in needs, wants, values, traditions, language, and economic variables (Britt, 1974; Nielsen, 1963; Unwinn, 1974; Ricks, Arpan & Fu, 1974; Ricks, 1983). The standardisation (globalisation) approach, on the other hand, focuses on the similarities between countries and develops global advertising campaigns which eliminate the need for adaptation to local conditions. Proponents of this approach see the world as a "global village" in which the differences between countries are diminished and where consumers have developed similar needs and wants, independent of location (Fatt, 1967; Elinder, 1965; Levitt, 1983; Lynch, 1984).


Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) has widespread metabolic actions. Systemic TNF-a administration, however, generates a complex hormonal and metabolic response. Our study was designed to test whether regional, placebo-controlled TNF-a infusion directly affects insulin resistance and protein breakdown. We studied eight healthy volunteers once with bilateral femoral vein and artery catheters during a 3-h basal period and a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. One artery was perfused with saline and one with TNF-a. During the clamp, TNF-a perfusion increased glucose arteriovenous differences (0.91 6 0.17 vs. 0.74 6 0.15 mmol/L, P = 0.012) and leg glucose uptake rates. Net phenylalanine release was increased by TNF-a perfusion with concomitant increases in appearance and disappearance rates. Free fatty acid kinetics was not affected by TNF-a, whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6) release increased. Insulin and protein signaling in muscle biopsies was not affected by TNF-a. TNF-a directly increased net muscle protein loss, which may contribute to cachexia and general protein loss during severe illness. The finding of increased insulin sensitivity, which could relate to IL-6, is of major clinical interest and may concurrently act to provide adequate tissue fuel supply and contribute to the occurrence of systemic hypoglycemia. This distinct metabolic feature places TNF-a among the rare insulin mimetics of human origin. Diabetes 62:4023–4029, 2013 Originally, tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was identified as an endogenous pyrogen or "cachectin" (1) because of its biological properties of inducing fever, cachexia, and muscle protein loss in various states of disease (2–4). TNF-a is a key component of an inflammatory response and one of the most potent proinflammatory cytokines released by innate immune cells that induces release of other cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) (5,6). TNF-a plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and there seems to be a relation between the TNF-a level and the severity of disease (7–9). Finally, TNF-a has been associated with states of constant low-grade inflammation, eventually leading to insulin resistance and overt diabetes (10,11). In line with this, it has been shown that plasma levels of TNF-a are correlated with BMI; weight loss leads to a decrease in plasma levels of TNF-a (12,13). Systemic infusion of TNF-a induces insulin resistance and increased lipolysis in humans (6,14,15), whereas the effects on protein metabolism are less clear (16). A number of studies have shown that anti–TNF-a treatment increases insulin sensitivity in patients with inflammatory chronic diseases (17–19), whereas other reports have failed to confirm this relationship (20–23). Furthermore, studies investigating TNF-a neutralization in type 2 diabetic patients and in patients with metabolic syndrome show no effect of anti–TNF-a treatment on insulin sensitivity (24,25). TNF-a activates the hypothalamopituitary axis and stimulates the release of stress hormones, such as epinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone into the blood (26,27); all of these counter-regulatory stress hormones generate insulin resistance (27–29), and glucocorticoids generate muscle loss (30). Thus, TNF-a invariably generates release of both other cytokines and stress hormones, and it is uncertain to which extent the metabolic actions of TNF-a are intrinsic or caused by other cytokines or stress hormones in humans. The current study was therefore designed to define the direct metabolic effects of TNF-a in human muscle. Since all previous human studies assessing the metabolic actions of TNF-a have used systemic administration, making discrimination between direct and indirect effects impossible, we infused TNF-a directly into the femoral artery From the Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; the Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; the Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; the Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; the Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Corresponding author: Niels Møller, firstname.lastname@example.com. Received 25 January 2013 and accepted 24 June 2013. DOI: 10.2337/db13-0138. Clinical trial reg. no. NCT01452958, clinicaltrials.gov. 2013 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by -nc-nd/3.0/ for details.


As a result of cracking of reinforced concrete structures, techniques repairing crack have been used more and more widely. On the other hand, the development of crack detection technology is rela?tively behind. Based on the principles that the route, intensity and form of electromagnetic wave would change in media with different electrical properties and geometric shapes, this paper describes the differentiation of different media in cracks with radar to estimate the result of repairing crack using BICS.


This work presents within the framework of a mediatically starred scenario, the influence of VIH/Sida news coverage from Limean newspapers on the agenda and the perceptions of both male and female young students of a public university. In the first place, the agenda setting function about the Limean newspaper influence over the university students will be studied. This will be done to know the process of transference of issue salience of the media agenda to the public agenda, moreover to how the frecuency of VIH/Sida items published by the newspapers influences the students. However, the influence of the media is larger. In second place, it will be studied the influence over the perceptions': about the gravity of the infection by VIH/Sida and then, about the risk of getting this condition.


Harrogate railway Ladies finally got to play football this week (13-1-13) after 9 weeks off due to weather and cancelled games due to cup rounds. ...


Many refractory/relapsed haematological malignancies, in non‐remission state, still have poor prognosis even after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Recently, decitabine or umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) seemed to be effective in these patients. However, few studies have added decitabine to myeloablative conditioning regimens for UCBT in patients with haematological malignancies not in remission. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) using decitabine as part of a myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to salvaged unrelated UCBT at our centre.


This article starts from some basic concepts, such as party, the ruling party and governmental processes. At first, it summarizes their common roles and history position in contemporary party politics. Then the article introduces the Chinese ruling partys position and role in governmental processes, including the reflection of the Chinese ruling partys leading position, the role between interest articulation and interest aggregation, theaffect in governmental decision processes and executive processes. At last, the article tries to re consider of the orientation of the Chinese ruling party in governmental processes.


In the context of the global change, the Pyrenees mountains represent a real scientific and environmental challenge. They will probably be affected by an increase of the mean temperatures and by quick land use changes, particularly by reforestation processes. Both changes will probably have an impact on the pyrenean snowpack over the course of the 21 st century. Because snow is one of the key components of the hydrological cycle, it is important to analyze the combined effect of cli- mate versus land-use changes on snow cover. A physically-based distributed snowpack evolution model, named SnowModel, is used in this study to simulate, amongst others, the snow depth, at a spatial resolution of 25 meters over the complete 2011-2012 snow season. Model projection for the expected increase of mean air temperatures and the evolution of land cover in this Ariege Pyrenees area, have independently close consequences on the snow cover as both tend to decrease the amount of snow available in land surface over the winter period. By regarding more particularly the im- pact of vegetation on snow cover, high vegetation will increase snow interception processes and also decrease the snow deposition on the soil. If the amount of snow available on the soil is smaller, snow albedo will drop faster, in addition to the "litter effect", that seems to have a big impact on the snow- pack, which melts faster in these conditions. First results are also shown that the change of vegetation could have a bigger impact on the snow cover evolution than a variation of +1°C on the air tempera- tures.


The atmospheric monitoring devices for the planned calibration system of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) are undergoing intensive development, prototyping and testing. The All-Sky Cameras, the Sun/Moon Photometers and the FRAM telescopes have been gradually deployed at the future CTA sites with the primary goal of site characterization, simultaneously allowing the assessment of their operational reliability in realistic environmental conditions. All three devices have shown the ability to work smoothly in both the extreme dryness and the large temperature variations of the southern site as well as in the occasional adverse weather during winter months at the northern site. The target availability of 95\% of time has not yet been reached mostly due to minor hardware failures that have proven difficult to fix due to the remoteness of the installation in the absence of the future CTA infrastructure. The experience gathered during the prototype operations will contribute to the improved reliability of the final instruments. The Raman LIDARs, described in separate proceedings of this conference, and the infrared Ceilometer, ready for testing in Prague, will complement the set of atmospheric calibration devices in near future. The final operational procedures for the atmospheric calibration of the CTA during its operation are being finalized foreseeing the use of the All-sky Cameras and the Ceilometer for the monitoring of clouds over the whole sky and the LIDARs and FRAMs for precision measurements of the atmospheric transmission as a function of altitude and position within the field-of-view of the CTA array.


By utilizing high-performance networks and end-systems, we show the challenges and approaches to making the underlying networking capabilities fully available to applications through impedance matching of the entire application-middleware-network execution and data paths.


A survey of the subscribers to Color Research and Application was conducted by the publisher in January, 1983. The results of the survey are reported here with special emphasis on those sections of the survey which indicate the readers' views on editorial content. Based on our analysis of the survey results, the editorial board is announcing several changes in policy and content. The intent of these changes is to tune the information presented in Color to better meet the readers' needs as indicated by the survey.


The aim of this paper is to introduce a new class of sets called (1, 2)*-πwg-closed sets in bitopological spaces and to study their properties. Further, we define and study (1, 2)*- πwg-continuity, (1, 2)*- πwg-irresolute maps and (1, 2)*- πwg-space.


The modelling and analysis of count-data time series are areas of emerging interest with various applications in practice. We consider the particular case of the binomial AR(1) model, which is well suited for describing binomial counts with a first-order autoregressive serial dependence structure. We derive explicit expressions for the joint (central) moments and cumulants up to order 4. Then, we apply these results for expressing moments and asymptotic distribution of the squared difference estimator as an alternative to the sample autocovariance. We also analyse the asymptotic distribution of the conditional least-squares estimators of the parameters of the binomial AR(1) model. The finite-sample performance of these estimators is investigated in a simulation study, and we apply them to real data about computerized workstations.


Understanding genetic structure and status of genetic variation of the Fasciola hepatica isolates from different hosts, has important implications for epidemiology and effective control of fasciolosis. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) was used to study the genetic variation of Fasciola hepatica in sheep and cattle. DNA was extracted from adult worms collected from livers of each infected animal in a slaughter house at East-Azerbaijan province North-West region of Iran and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, using three oligonucleotide decamers with arbitrary DNA sequences as primers. RAPD patterns showed the specific but different pattern DNA fragments for each primer. The intraspecific similarity coefficient within Two isolates of Fasciola hepatica was ranged between 69 to 100%. Present findings showed that the interspecific genetic distance was higher than intraspecific genetic distances (19-47% compares to 0-19%). The inferred phylogenetic tree on the fingerprinting of these isolates clearly demonstrated the existence of population genetic diversity sub structuring within Fasciola hepatica of sheep and cattle of Iran, raising interesting questions on the host specificity, epidemiology (e.g., zoonotic transmission) and ecology of this fluke. RAPD-PCR is useful for both individual diagnosis and epidemiological surveys in endemic regions.


The northern half ring of Huanghegou Depression was situated in Bozhong Depression of Bohai Bay Basin,where hydrocarbon was enriched with complex structures.The systematical analyzing its tectonic pattern and evolutional rules were beneficial for further exploration.The study shows that stretch structure and sticking-slip structure are grown in the area.Since the Ceinozoic group,it had experienced 7 structural cycles,thus the current structural pattern was induced.The beneficial zones for oil and gas exploration are on both sides of the sticking-slip belt,and beneficial traps are grown on the upside of stretch structure,oil and gas traps are also on the low and middle sides.


This paper examines the circulation of Roman coins in the 1st century in the inland of province of Dalmatia. The research timeframe is the period from the first reign of Octavian Augustus to the end of the reign of Nerva. The geographic region consists of the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, or the province of  Dalmatia in the Roman period. This paper analyzes the available reports on  coin findings, individual coins or coin hoards, as well as the frequency of coin  findings in relation to the Republican period. By combining the information  of coin findings with the historical circumstances of coin storage, the paper  creates a numismatic topography of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1st century. The study of money circulation paints a better picture about the monetary exchange level, as well as the economic development of this area.


According to the engineering field and structure features of deep foundation pit in soft soil in Ningbo South Station,the concrete implementing scheme and data analysis and processing mode of foundation pit monitoring is formulated in this paper,the deformation rule of that deep pit engineering are also studied,to provide timely monitoring and analyseing suggestions for information construction and make sure the safety of deep foundation pit.


The N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor co‐agonist d‐serine is synthesized by serine racemase and degraded by d‐amino acid oxidase. Both d‐serine and its metabolizing enzymes are implicated in N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor hypofunction thought to occur in schizophrenia. We studied d‐amino acid oxidase and serine racemase immunohistochemically in several brain regions and compared their immunoreactivity and their mRNA levels in the cerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. d‐Amino acid oxidase immunoreactivity was abundant in glia, especially Bergmann glia, of the cerebellum, whereas in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and substantia nigra, it was predominantly neuronal. Serine racemase was principally glial in all regions examined and demonstrated prominent white matter staining. In schizophrenia, d‐amino acid oxidase mRNA was increased in the cerebellum, and as a trend for protein. Serine racemase was increased in schizophrenia in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex but not in cerebellum, while serine racemase mRNA was unchanged in both regions. Administration of haloperidol to rats did not significantly affect serine racemase or d‐amino acid oxidase levels. These findings establish the major cell types wherein serine racemase and d‐amino acid oxidase are expressed in human brain and provide some support for aberrant d‐serine metabolism in schizophrenia. However, they raise further questions as to the roles of d‐amino acid oxidase and serine racemase in both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the brain.


Michael Caines. Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. xxvii + 222 pp. $24.95 USD (paperback), $75 USD (hardback). ISBN 9780199652373.Michael Caines makes an important contribution to scholarship with his introduction to Shakespeare and the eighteenth century. His book is all the more remarkable in that it comes in the wake of recent comprehensive collections on related subject matter, including Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century edited by Peter Sabor and Paul Yachnin (Ashgate 2008) and the somewhat broader Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century edited by Sabor and Fiona Ritchie (Cambridge 2012). Each of these studies benefits from multiple scholars who work in their respective areas of expertise and present their material from a diverse range of critical approaches. By contrast, Caines works alone and within the constraints of the Oxford Shakespeare Topics series, which tends to produce short introductions to what are often impossibly broad topics (e.g., Shakespeare and masculinity, Shakespeare and memory) or lengthy historical periods, such as the present study under review. In this work, Caines understands the eighteenthcentury history of Shakespeare to include, stage and performance history, print editions and corresponding developments in editorial practices, as well as the emergence of biography and historical scholarship, and critical controversies. He also discusses the remarkable onset of Shakespeare worship in popular culture, in music, painting, the novel, tourism, translations, to say nothing of that nebulous world of quasi-Shakespeariana and the frauds and forgeries made in his name. Any one of these subjects is a lot of ground to cover on its own; taken in collection, as pieces of that rather long period, it is little wonder that Caines warns his readers from the start that his subject matter is "untidy."Caines recognizes the difficulties that are intrinsic to his project, which emphasizes broad and succinct coverage, which requires guidance for readers to the massive field of contemporary scholarship, and which still insists on original insights in readable, enjoyable prose. Inevitably one has to make choices over which topics to dwell on at length and which only to glance at in one or two sentences, in hopes that mindful readers will catch the hint and explore more thoroughly. (Such readers presumably would begin with the annotated bibliography he provides near the end of his book; as a reference tool it would be difficult to surpass.) In terms of content Caines certainly makes his choices, and it is the mark of brilliance that his choices tend to be provocative, and that his insights on familiar materials will be of value to students and established scholars alike. The very first pages set the tone. Caines takes up an exchange of letters between one "Mrs. Morley" and "Mrs. Freeman," pseudonyms for Princess Anne and Sarah Churchill, whose interest lies in their allusions to one "Caliban." One could not ask for a better place to begin, not only because they are relatively underexplored, but because they call attention to the habits and tendencies that inform contemporary expectations of what constitutes scholarship. Anybody can figure out that Caliban in the 1690s bore little resemblance to the character who appeared on stage during the first decades of that century. But with a consideration of documents whose main virtue is their surprising neglect-they have been "hiding in plain sight," as he reminds us-readers begin with the opportunity to reflect on their own critical conceptions, whether of "Shakespeare's Caliban," the Caliban as understood by "the eighteenth century," or perhaps most important, "the eighteenth century's concept of Shakespeare" as understood by modern scholars.Caines tends to organize his chapters around what he recognizes as controversies and contradictions. As he renders it, the eighteenth century's concept of Shakespeare was at the very least a series of mindsets, attitudes, and practices, some in direct conflict with one another, others entirely separate. …


This contribution reports on field surveys realised recently in
Bahariyah, one of the Egyptian oases, and compares the results
with the settlement record from Danubian Europe. It suggests
that the desertification of wast areas of North Africa was one
of the stimulating demographic factors that stood behind
immigrations recorded in certain parts of Europe during the
Upper Paleolithic.


AIM: To further explore the pathological effect mechanism of H pylori on human hepatoma cells, and to analyze the differences on the protein expression in HepG2 induced by H pylori preliminarily. METHODS: H pylori was co-cultured with HepG2 for 6 h. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to screen protein patterns of control and H pyloritreated HepG2 for quantitative and qualitative analyses in protein expression. RESULTS: 988 ± 94 spots were detected in control HepG2 cells and 996 ± 68 spots were detected in H pylori-treated HepG2 cells. A match rate 86.4% was achieved. The results also showed that 18 proteins spots displayed quantitative changes in expression after H pylori treatment (P <0.05), of which, 10 (Mr/pI: 91 326/6.21, 90 640/6.68, 87 833/5.65, 81 139 /6.55, 63 805/6.24, 60 445/7.38, 47 592/5.28, 46 293/7.21, 43 415/7.64, 21 704/5.66) were enhanced in abundance and 8 (Mr/pI: 70 839/7.02, 56 403/6.58, 44 076/6.86, 43 744/7.21, 42 497/6.64, 37 567/7.17, 22 342/7.49, 21 112/5.63) showed lower expression. CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference at protein level between control and H pylori-treated HepG2. These proteins may be involved in the pathological process of H pylori on HepG2. It suggests that the differential expression analysis of proteomes may be useful to further study of the relation of H pylori and human liver diseases. Zhang Y, Fan XG, Chen R, Liu JP, Li N. Effect of Helicobacter pylori on HepG2 proteome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004;12(6):1325-1328


Background and Goal of Study: Electroencephalogram during anaesthesia may be affected by brain tumour.(1) We studied whether patients with a brain tumour have different BIS responses after laryngoscopy (LAR). We compared tumour patients with healthy control patients. Materials and Methods: After EC approval, 40 ASA 1 or 2 patients (control) and 41 intracranial tumour patients(tumour) received standardized anaesthesia while measuring bilateral BIS (BIS VISTAXP4 with bilateral sensor).(Covidien, Dublin, Ireland) Remifentanil was randomized to 3 or 5ng/ml effect‐site concentration (Minto) and maintained throughout the study. Propofol effect‐site concentration(CePROP)(Schnider) was set at 2 μg/ml and increased with incremental steps of 0.5 μg/ml until loss of consciousness was observed. After 3 minutes, laryngoscopy was performed and BIS was monitored during one minute. The median BIS of 1 minute before LAR is subtracted from the median BIS one minute after LAR to obtain delta BIS for each hemisphere. We tested if delta BIS is significantly different between hemispheres in control, between healthy and diseased hemispheres in tumour and between ipsilateral control and tumour hemispheres. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results and Discussion: No demographic differences were present except for age.(table 1) Delta BIS is not statistically different, neither between hemispheres in control, nor between healthy and diseased hemispheres in tumour groups.(table 2) No significant difference was found in delta BIS between ipsilateral control and pathological hemispheres. Conclusion(s): Bilateral BIS does not provide additional information on responsiveness to a standardized stimulus. We could not observe major differences in bilateral BIS response between control and brain tumour patients. Unilateral BIS monitoring seems to be equally informative in healthy and brain tumour patients compared to bilateral monitoring.


The spherical harmonics transform is a method to improve the calculation speed of the earth's gravity disturbsance on orbiting satellites.Based on the particularity of the trajectory for pole transformation,the Clenshaw sun method is introduced to calculate the gravity disturbance on the new coordinates.Then,a comparative analysis focuses on the calculation speed and physical space needs using three methods;the traditional,pole transform,and improved pole transform methods.A simulation using the three methods is used to calculate the gravity disturbance on one period of the orbit.Test results show that the improved pole transformation of spherical harmonic functions is 100 times the calculation speed of the traditional pole transformation method.Furthermore,the data storage capacity required by the new method is only three percent of the traditional method.


This is the second of a two-part article describing the various tests that have been used to examine the shoulder to find and treat problems in that area. Part I of this article (January/February 2003, pages 154—160) focused on tests used to examine rotator cuff abnormalities. This article attempts to clarify the tests of laxity, instability, and the superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions by presenting them as described by the original authors, with the additional aim of providing a source for those wishing to refresh their knowledge without the need to refer to the original source material.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and resection are curative treatment options for well‐selected patients with HCC, whereas loco‐ablative therapy has been shown to prolong survival. Organ and treatment allocations for these patients are currently based on the number and size of tumors, as defined by the Milan criteria, and on functional capacity, and they are incorporated into the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system and treatment strategy. Even though these staging criteria have markedly improved the outcomes of patients with HCC, they still lack accuracy in predicting the risk of tumor recurrence because they do not incorporate markers of tumor biology and behavior. Positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) with [18F]fludeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) constitute an imaging modality for detecting tumor tissue that is metabolically active. Uptake of [18F]FDG is highly associated with tumor aggressiveness. In this review, we present the accumulating data on the use of [18F]FDG PET‐CT as an in vivo biomarker and its predictive value in identifying patients at risk for HCC recurrence after liver transplantation, resection, or ablation. These data suggest that the introduction of [18F]FDG PET‐CT into the imaging algorithm of patients planned for liver transplantation, resection, or ablation may improve outcomes. Liver Transpl 21:572–580, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.


The influence of changes in temperature during frozen storage of Muen-surimi and Kaen-surimi from Alaska pollack was investigated using materials in three different stages of freshness. The materials were designated tentatively as F, N, and B, respectively, in reducing order of freshness. Both Muen- and Kaen-surimi were kept at either -10°C or -20°C for approximately 13 months. In order to investigate the influence of temperature rise on the quality, both materials were stored at -20°C for fixed periods, and then subjected to an approximately 20-day exposure to -10°C before assessment of the quality. The results of protein extractability and Kamaboko forming ability of Muen-surimi showed that the quality change of the Muen-surimi during frozen storage was not influenced by the freshness of materials, nor was it influenced by the duration of storage at -20°C prior to exposure to -10°C. However, the storage temperature had considerable influence on the quality change. On the contrary, the quality change of the Kaen-surimi during frozen storage depended upon the freshness of materials. The Kaen-surimi prepared from F deteriorated much more than those prepared from N and B. However, the frozen Kaen-surimi was not influenced by the duration of storage at -20°C prior to exposure to -10°C. In addition, it was presumed that the intermolecular bondings such as hydrogen bonds in the Muen- and the Kaen-surimi might be a cause for protein deterioration during frozen storage.


Objective Observe the hemorheological change of patients with schizophrenia before and after therapy, explore the cause of hemorheological change. Method All the 50cases were treated with antipsychotic medicine, then before and after three months of treatment, all the cases were conducted hemorhelolgical test. Result after treatment of three months, whole blood viscosity、 plasma viscosity、 hematocrit arised with comparison to pretherapy (P 0.05), but there was no difference in whole blood reduced viscosity and index of erythrocyte deformation (P0.05). Conclusion Application of greater dose of antipsychotic medicine will change hemorheology which should arise attention of clinicians.


This study addresses a void in the computer-mediated communication literature by examining how embarrassment is commonly triggered in organizational e-mails. Facework theory is used to examine embarrassment and its implications for professional and organizational image. Twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted and data referencing embarrassing e-mails were extracted and analyzed for themes. Two types of e-mail faux pas themes were identified: misdirected e-mail and faulty content. Theoretical implications of studying embarrassment in a computer-mediated context are considered.


J·Hbermas thought that modernism had not been well explored in philosophical and sociological fields prior to his period, because they depended too much on enlightened rationality. The means of fully understanding modernism is by interactive rationality. This paper particularly analyzes Habermas' modernistic concept, the errors the social theory made, represented by M. Weber, in criticizing modernism, and the irrational audacious act the post-modernism behaved, represented by F. W. Nietzsche, in criticizing modernism. In the end this paper introduces the solutions Habermas proposed to understand modernism.


Objective:To investigate whether bcl 2 family genes (mainly bcl xl and bax) were involved in Aβ induced differentiated PC12 cells death. Methods:The electron microscope and DNA electrophoresis were used to clarify the morphological change of Aβ induced PC12 cell death, and RT PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot were applied to investigate if bcl 2 family members were involved. Results:After treatment by Aβ 25 35 (10 μmol/L) for 24 h, morphological evidences for apoptosis nuclear condensation and DNA ladder were observed in PC12 cells. RT PCR, immunocytochemistry and western blot showed that down regulation of bcl xl mRNA appeared after 6 h of the treatment while there was no change in Bcl xl protein expression after 24 h. On the other hand, bax mRNA increased slightly and Bax protein expression increased significanly. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that bcl xl and bax are the main effectors of Aβ and may participate in neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.