Haidai Poetry Society was an important association that appeared in the ancient city Qing Zhou of Shandong Province during the mid-Ming Dynasty. It was composed of eight retired offi cers. Collection of Haidai Poems includes the cooperative works by the society members. Those poems mainly depict the natural scenery, gatherings, meditations over the past, farmer's life, political affairs, etc. It was indeed of great value in Shandong literary world at that time.


This paper studies the factors that effect instrument channel precision in Nuclear Power Qinshan Joint Venture Company Limited (NPQJVLC) and the methods to improve the precision. Also, it describes the attempts to improve channel precision that have been used in NPQJVLC and the effect on the maintenance strategy. It aims at helping other plants to improve instrument channel precision and get an optimum maintenance plan for nuclear power engineering.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


With the practice of falsification works of art we are dealing for centuries. Basically since they just appeared. It is very difficult to determine thescale of this crime. These items are threatened by the phenomenon of counterfeiting due to the fact that they have not only the value of assets but alsothe non-pecuniary value: artistic, aesthetic and historical. Occurrence on the market of counterfeits is a serious threat fot the collectors and for a properfunctioning art market. In the Polish legal system protection of works of art against falsification ensure the regulations contained in the Act of 6 June1997. – Criminal Code and the Act of 23 July 2003. On the protection historic monuments and care of monuments. This paper presents a protection systemof works of art in our country against the practice of falsification by analyzing the constituent elements of criminal offenses involving the forgeryof works of art and turnover of fakes. The summary also highlights the imperfection of the current system and the lack of adequate protection of worksof art which are not monuments.


It is difficult to use conventional non-destructive testing methods to detect damage, such as loosening of bolted connections, in a space frame structure due to the complexity of the structure and the nature of the possible damage. A vibration-based method that uses changes in the natural frequencies of a structure to detect the locations and extent of damage in it has the advantage of being able to detect various types of damage in the structure. Since the vibration-based method is model-based, applying it to a space frame structure with L-shaped beams and bolted joints will face challenges ranging from the development of accurate dynamic models for the structures to that of a robust damage detection algorithm for severely under-determined, nonlinear least-square problems under the effects of relatively large modeling error and measurement noise.With the development of the modeling techniques for fillets in thin-walled beams (He and Zhu, 2009, "Modeling of Fillets in Thin-Walled Beams Using Shell/Plate and Beam Finite Elements," ASME J. Vibr. Acoust., 131(5), p. 051002) and bolted joints (He and Zhu, "Finite Element Modeling of Structures with L-shaped Beams and Bolted Joints," ASME J. Vibr. Acoust., in press) by the authors, accurate physics-based models of space frame structures can be developed with a reasonable model size. A new damage detection algorithm that uses a trust-region search strategy combined with a logistic function transformation is developed to improve the robustness of the vibration-based damage detection method. The new algorithm can ensure global convergence of the iterations and minimize the effects of modeling error and measurement noise. The damage detection method developed is experimentally validated on an aluminum three-bay space frame structure with L-shaped beams and bolted joints. Three types of introduced damage, including joint damage, member damage, and boundary damage, were successfully detected. In the numerical simulation where there is no modeling error and measurement noise, the almost exact locations and extent of damage can be detected.


Lymphomas represent nearly 70 distinct diseases with unique clinical presentations, therapeutic responses and underlying biology. There is a pressing shortage of publically available cell line and in vivo models of nearly all of these diseases, which has severely hampered efforts to understand and target their biology. To address this issue, we have established a repository of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of lymphomas by engrafting human tumors into immunodeficient NOD/SCID/IL2rgnull (NSG) mice. These lymphomas, along with a spectrum of other PDXs of hematologic malignancies, are available to collaborators through the online portal PRoXe (Public Repository of Xenografts) at http://PRoXe.org. Blood and bone marrow specimens involved with tumor are injected by tail vein (IV) injection. Lymph node and extranodal biopsy specimens are implanted under the renal capsule as a 1x1x2mm tumor seed (renal), which maintains the in situ microarchitecture. A full description of xenografted lymphomas is included in the Table. Engrafted PDXs have been extensively characterized by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, transcriptome sequencing and targeted DNA sequencing. Flow cytometric analysis of patient tumors and their respective xenografts consistently revealed highly concordant immunophenotypes compared to the original tumors. Similarly, immunohistochemistry of involved tissues confirmed retention of tumor immunophenotypes, architecture, and even tissue tropism in the PDXs. Examples include a Sezary syndrome PDX that was injected by tail vein and trafficked to spleen, bone marrow, blood and skin, a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) PDX that infiltrated the CNS, and a second DLBCL PDX that was implanted into the renal capsule of the left kidney and progressed within 8 weeks to bilateral renal involvement. Other notable models include a breast implant-associated, ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma implanted under the renal capsule that metastasized to the liver and spleen while uniformly retaining CD30 positivity. Two double-hit lymphoma (DHL) PDXs maintained their CD20-negative phenotype through serial passage to P1. A peripheral T-cell lymphoma-NOS (PTCL) specimen implanted under the renal capsule engrafted in the spleen, with a notable admixture of nonmalignant T cells and scattered EBV-positive B cells. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement PCR performed on this PTCL demonstrated an identical rearrangement pattern in the primary tumor and the PDX. Luciferized mantle cell lymphoma and DHL PDXs clearly home to bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver as early as two weeks after injection. These findings support the utility of these PDX lines as in vivo models that more accurately recapitulate the human disease than commonly used subcutaneous cell line models. In addition to generating PDXs that remain faithful to their source tumors, we have witnessed interesting examples of in vivo histologic transformation, opening the door to studies of disease progression. One primary follicular lymphoma specimen injected into a cohort of mice transformed to DLBCL in one mouse and a lymphoblastic lymphoma-like disease in another mouse, as confirmed by IHC and flow cytometry. Further xenografting of primary tumors is underway with the goal of establishing a large repository of lymphoma PDXs useful for biologic interrogation and preclinical trials. Disclosures Davids:Genentech: Other: ad board; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Shipp:Gilead: Consultancy; Sanofi: Research Funding; BMS: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bayer: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.


Human placental lactogen (HPL) was measured in 525 serum samples from 144 pregnant women and related to smoking habits and the birth weight of their infants. Women smoking during pregnancy were found to have a level of HPL significantly lower than the non‐smokers (p<0.05). A significant correlation between HPL and birth weight was found (r = 0.38; p < 0.00l) which remained significant when smoking was held constant (r = 0.35; p < 0.001). There was no relationship between birth weight and smoking when HPL was held constant.


A technique of sewage disposal for oilfields,SSF sewage purification technique(a patent of USA),is introduced in this paper. By using this technique,the environment can be protected and with a recycle of purified sewage into oil layer,a great quantity of water can be saved.


This study has established a relationship model encompassing such aspects as consumer values, consumer involvement, purchase behavior, and consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, taking counterfeit goods as an example, this study employs factor analysis, reliability analysis, and the structural equation model to verify the relationship between the research aspects.

Another major discovery of this study was that teenagers' behavioral purchasing mentality is graphic, hyperlinked, and is geared toward useful situations and functional needs. When they consider their degree of need, they inevitably incorporate many emotional needs. However, their attitude toward counterfeit goods is rational, which is confirmed by the fact that Hypothesis 1 was not supported.


Syngeneic iPSC–derived neurons survive and mature without immunosuppression after grafting into the spinal cord of adult pigs. Stem cell transplants in pigs with spinal cord injury Neural precursor cells (NPCs) hold promise for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). Testing viability and engraftment properties of NPC transplants in large-animal models is necessary for understanding the clinical potential of this approach. In a new study, Strnadel et al. transplanted syngeneic and allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cell–derived NPCs (iPSC-NPCs) into the spinal cords of naïve pigs and animals with SCI. The transplanted cells showed a good safety profile, long-term survival, and differentiation into mature neurons and glial cells. Successful engraftment of allogeneic iPSC-NPCs required only temporary immunosuppression, an important consideration for the future clinical evaluation of iPSC-NPCs for treating SCI. The use of autologous (or syngeneic) cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for future clinical use in a wide range of diseases and injuries. It is expected that cell replacement therapies using autologous cells would forego the need for immunosuppression, otherwise required in allogeneic transplantations. However, recent studies have shown the unexpected immune rejection of undifferentiated autologous mouse iPSCs after transplantation. Whether similar immunogenic properties are maintained in iPSC-derived lineage-committed cells (such as neural precursors) is relatively unknown. We demonstrate that syngeneic porcine iPSC-derived neural precursor cell (NPC) transplantation to the spinal cord in the absence of immunosuppression is associated with long-term survival and neuronal and glial differentiation. No tumor formation was noted. Similar cell engraftment and differentiation were shown in spinally injured transiently immunosuppressed swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)–mismatched allogeneic pigs. These data demonstrate that iPSC-NPCs can be grafted into syngeneic recipients in the absence of immunosuppression and that temporary immunosuppression is sufficient to induce long-term immune tolerance after NPC engraftment into spinally injured allogeneic recipients. Collectively, our results show that iPSC-NPCs represent an alternative source of transplantable NPCs for the treatment of a variety of disorders affecting the spinal cord, including trauma, ischemia, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.


Modernization of the Zakopianka Road is probably the most expected investment in Southern Poland. Some problems occurred during the construction stage connected with protection of slopes from failure at the pre-planned highway location. This problem resulted from a relatively small amount of investment and lack of soil stabilization plans in the original construction design. Various slope reinforcing methods for the Myślenice – Pcim highway section are presented in the paper. The results of calculations with Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) are presented as well.


An investigation was conducted on the species diversity of different plantations in Yuanmou dry-hot valley.The results are described as follows:(1) The layers of the plantations were single and species were few. The species mainly belonged to the families of Poaceae asteraceae,Papilionaceae,Heteropogon contortus,Eleocharis yokoscensis,Dodonaca viscose were very frequently observed.The number of species among different plantations was fewer than those on wild land.(2) The variation of Shannon-Wiener index among plantations were 0~2.172 9.The Eucalyptus camaldulensis pure forest situated on the northern slope got the biggest Shannon-Wiener index of 2.172 9,and the Eucalyptus citriodon pure forest,Acacia auriormispure forest and Acacia mangium pure forest situated on the southern slope had the smallest indexes.The variation of Simpson index among plantations was 0.244 7~1.The variation of Simpson index was contrary to the Shannon-Wiener index.The variation of evenness index accorded with Shannon-Wiener index and was contrary to Simpson index.


This article introduces the basic principle of risk analysis and the history of development of food safety risk analysis.It give the examples of the using of risk analysis in our country and in the world recently.It also refer the direction of development on food safety risk analysis in the future.


Abstract Sticherus tener is confirmed as being present on Resolution Island, Fiordland, extending from the northern half of Five Fingers Peninsula through to the centre of the island. It is also present on nearby Anchor Island in Dusky Sound, and on the Denniston and Stockton Plateaus. Sticherus urceolatus is newly recorded for New Zealand, with populations on the Stockton Plateau and near Takaka, and what appears to be a hybrid population on Indian Island, Dusky Sound. Plants of S. tener and S. urceolatus from northern South Island were previously identified as Sticherus flabellatus. Diagnostic characters for distinguishing the five species of Sticherus occurring in southern Australia and New Zealand, and a key to the New Zealand species, are provided. The distribution, ecology and conservation status of S. tener and S. urceolatus are outlined, and their biogeographic and evolutionary origins are discussed.


A previously developed algebraic approach to proving entropy production inequalities is extended to deal with radially symmetric solutions for a class of higher-order diffusion equations in multiple space dimensions. In application of the method, novel a priori estimates are derived for the thin-film equation, the fourth-order Derrida- Lebowitz-Speer-Spohn equation, and a sixth-order quantum diffusion equation.


In this technological era, smart and intelligent systems that are integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, algorithms, tools, and technologies, have impact on various aspects in our daily life. Communication and interaction between human and machine using speech become increasingly important, since it is an obvious substitute for keyboards and screens in the communication process. Therefore, numerous technologies take advantage of speech such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), where human natural speech for many languages is used as the means to interact with machines. Majority of the related works on ASR concentrate on the development and evaluation of ASR systems that serve a single language only, such as Arabic, English, Chinese, French, and many others. However, research attempts that combine multiple languages (bilingual and multilingual) during the development and evaluation of ASR systems are very limited. This paper aims to provide comprehensive research background and fundamentals of bilingual ASR, and related works that have combined two languages for ASR tasks from 2010 to 2021. It also formulates research taxonomy and discusses open challenges to the bilingual ASR research. Based on our literature investigation, it is clear that bilingual ASR using deep learning approach is highly demanded and is able to provide acceptable performance. In addition, many combinations of two languages such as Arabic-English, Arabic-Malay, and others, are still limited, which can open new research opportunities. Finally, it is clear that ASR research is moving towards not only bilingual ASR, but also multilingual ASR.


PURPOSE: To produce a new 2-(1-alkoxyethenyl)-1-pyrroline useful as a flavoring agent suitable for the addition to food products. CONSTITUTION: 2-(1-Alkoxyethenyl)-1-pyrroline of formula I (R is an alkyl) such as 2-(1-ethoxyethenyl)-1-pyrroline of formula II. The compd. of formula I is obtd. by alkylvinylethyl with t-butyllithium at a temp. of ≤0°C in an organic solvent, adding N-trimethylsilil-2-pyrrolidinon thereto, reacting the mixture with, hydrolyzing the produced soln., recovering the organic phase, and executing drying and refining. Furthermore, 2-(1-alkoxyethenyl)-1-pyrroline of the formula I is hydrolyzed, the reaction mixture is neutralized with a chlorine, a cyclodextrin soln. is added thereto to obtain a soln. contg. 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline to 20% by a cyclodextrin standard, which is then subjected to freeze drying to obtain powder, and this is capsulated. It is used as a taste exhauster. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Correspondence to: Geoff Hale, Therapeutic Antibody Centre, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK. Transplant physicians are truly a remarkable community. They exemplify the best combination of dedication to patient care and scientific endeavour, striving for improvements in clinical practice, yet remaining the idiosyncratic and charming individuals that we know and love. By the migration of young doctors from training centers to establish new teams, and by their enthusiasm for international meetings in attractive resorts, friendship and collaborations are maintained and grow. I was introduced to this community in 1982 through Ted Gordon-Smith and Gill Hows at the Hammersmith Hospital, London; the beginning of a chain of worldwide collaborations with over 60 centers that continues to the present day. Our initial objective was deceptively simple — to prevent GvHD by removal of donor T cells. To do this, Herman Waldmann and I had developed CAMPATH-1M, a rat MAb with a unique ability to activate human complement. The ensuing complications of graft rejection, relapse and delayed immune reconstitution are well known. However, a hard core of the CAMPATH users remained faithful to the original concept and persevered over the years to explore various protocols to achieve a balance between the competing immunological forces. Every 2 years or so we have gathered in Cambridge or Oxford to review the results and make fresh plans. The degree of cooperation in reporting data to our central database would be envied by our colleagues in the large international registries — even though the responses sometimes came in at the eleventh hour! These informal workshops are a great stimulus, which we see as an essential part of an iterative relationship between drug development and clinical experience. This year we are delighted to have the opportunity to present a collection of the results in Cytotherapy. Besides a summary of the CAMPATH users meeting, many of the participants have contributed individual papers, including long-term followup as well as new approaches to non-myeloablative transplants. All this work was carried out by academic and clinical investigators. Meanwhile, the ups and downs of the commercial development of CAMPATH are too long and tortuous to be told here. The very simplicity of this method for depleting donor T cells may have been its commercial downfall, since BTG International Ltd (who own the rights to CAMPATH) were unable to find a company that thought there is an adequate market in stem-cell transplantation to justify full-scale investment in clinical trials. Nevertheless, CAMPATH-1H is being developed by the partnership of Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Ilex Oncology and Berlex/Schering for the treatment of CLL, and as I write we are excited to hear that an application for marketing authorization in this indication has been recommended for accelerated approval by the advisory committee to the FDA. Though I will not make a personal fortune from sales of CAMPATH, I consider myself fortunate beyond measure to be involved in such a diverse project, and to have worked with countless friends around the world in its development.


A kind of self-tuning PID control strategy is adopted to overcome the problems of the main steam pressure control of boiler brought by time-varying and non-linear characters of controlled process. The algorithm has the advantages of ordinary regulators and adaptive controller. It has the characteristics of simple structure,fast response and strong robustness. The simulation shows that the controller can effectively improve the control performance of the systems.


The problems of this study are the factors that influence the micro and small entrepreneurs (MSEs) to use the services of working capital financing in Islamic banks in the city of Medan and how these factors influence the SME entrepreneurs to use the services of capital financing work on Islamic Banking. As for the object of this research is the MSE entrepreneurs in the city of Medan. The data used in this study is primary data obtained from questionnaires directly. The sample used in this study were 95 samples with a stratified sampling method. Results of primary data processing with methods of descriptive statistics showed that most respondents agreed that if the factor procedure and factors affecting service is influencing them to use the services of working capital financing in Islamic banks and to be neutral to the belief factor. Keywords: Procedure, Faith, Services, Islamic Banking, SME Entrepreneurs


In a long-term experiment, the effects of the application of nitrogen, potassium and magnesium to the irrigation water were studied on several fruit crops under glass. Besides different proportions of the nutrient elements mentioned, the investigation was concerned particularly with the concentration of the nutrient elements in the ir rigation water. The effects of the base dressing were also included in the experi ments. The water was applied to the crops with the aid of strip irrigation spray lines. The nutrient status of the soil was checked regularly by soil analyses by using the 1 : 2 volume extract method. The yield data showed that the fertilizer containing 9 mol N, 4 mol K and 1.6 mol Mg kg 1 generally produced the highest yields when applied at rates of 0.45 to 0.90 mS cm-' at 25 °C. This is equivalent to 0.4 to 0.8 g l->. The base dressing generally had little effect on the yields of the various crops.


What is it like to be human? That, of course, is in a sense the question that Turing asked 55 years ago, offering the Turing Test as a way of addressing the question without really answering it. Turing, indeed, suggested that we should attribute human-like intelligence to any machine that exhibits behaviour indistinguishable from that of a human being. But what about the question of human experience? What about a human who consciously feels? Here, we introduce ways in which we might start thinking about building such an artificially conscious agent. We describe the basic mechanisms that such an agent should possess, based on what is currently known about the neural underpinnings of consciousness. Inject Mind Here: From Intelligence to Consciousness. Looking at the evolution of artificial creatures in film, one cannot but acknowledge an evolution from mindless to mindful malevolence. Whereas Golem, Frankenstein's creature, the body snatchers and Rome-ro's undead seemingly lack any real mind, making them into monsters, virtual legends such as 2001's HAL or Demon Seed's Proteus are actually scary because of their mind. Without lingering on the philosophical debates on whether a certain type of mind can exist independent of its specific embodiment or whether any creature can understand a consciousness that is not like his own (recall Lem's Solaris), the thing that makes HAL and Proteus so human is not so much their ability to think as their possessing something resembling human consciousness. The point is that, whereas consciousness may or may not be required for an artificial agent to think, it is an essential element in creating anything resembling a human-like thinker that would pass the Turing Test. The difference between a conscious and a non-conscious agent may seem futile or trivial, but it is neither. For a non-conscious agent, seeing the colour " red " is mere pattern matching and recognition, as dictated by an algorithm. However, a conscious agent doesn't simply process and identify " red " ; instead there is the subjective experience of " seeing red ". Philosopher Thomas Nagel put the finger on this problem of subjective experience in a seminal paper entitled " what is it like to be a bat? " For conscious agents, there is something it is like to experience something. Therefore, the crucial question when we look at neural or computational mechanisms for consciousness, is why there exists such subjective experience for us (this …


Soil contains a diverse range of fungi that are parasites on nematodes. These fungi include the nematode-trapping fungi that are dependent on specific hyphal structures on or in which nematodes can be trapped mechanically or by adhesion. The interests of studying these fungi come from their potential use as biological control agents against plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between nematode-trapping fungi and nematodes were initiated already in the 1950s. Recently, the infection process, including the differentiation of trap cells and the penetration and digestion of nematodes, has been examined using tools of genomics and functional genomics. The results from these studies are reviewed. We discuss how genomic approaches can provide insights into the infection process, the environmental factors that influence survival and activity in soils, and the mechanisms that could account for the variation in parasitic activity within and between species of nematode-trapping fungi. Keywords : Mechanisms, Nematodes, Fungi, Molecular Mechanisms, Connection Fungi.


This paper studies the ancient refinement of calligraphy style, and puts forward the application of convolution neural network to identify, studies and constructs a new convolution neural network model. In this paper, an improved Lenet5 network is proposed to solve the problem of feature extraction in handwriting identification. On one hand, the maximum pooling layer is used after the convolution layer of the first three layers, and the average pooling layer is used after the fourth convolution layer, and the original activation function is replaced by ReLU function; on the other hand, the RPRcLU activation function and dropout rule are introduced to prevent over fitting and improve the operation efficiency. The simulation results show that the recognition rate of the strategy is higher than that of three classical models and traditional recognition methods and the expected goal of calligraphy feature recognition can be achieved.


The manufacture of disposable medical material in a developing country is a labor-intensive manufacturing process. Quality inspections are based on experts' personal observations, who then decide which products fulfill the required quality. Errors in quality control can have fatal consequences due to the clinical use of the products. Furthermore, we cope with several manufacturing problems that affect demand fulfillment. In this context, we need an efficient production line with reliable quality control processes, i.e. a lean production system, no wastes. Implementing the concepts of Industry 4.0 is therefore recommended for a continuous improvement process in the disposable medical material industry. In the cur-rent research, we introduce automated assembly machines as a first step to establish new standards for production and quality. Furthermore, we analyze the long-term benefits based on the application of automation, lean production and Industry 4.0. Keywords-Productivity, Industry 4.0, lean production.


duction in the tumor, but in slices of nontumor tissues supplementation with glucose was without effect on the metabolic patterns. The specific activity of tumor protein has been consistently found to exceed that of nontumor tis sues following incubation with labeled amino acids in vitro (16, 20, 25, 26). On the other hand, a num ber of investigators (7, 19, 24, 27) have deter mined the specific activities of tissue proteins fol lowing the injection of labeled amino acids into tumor-bearing animals and have not found a greater incorporation into tumor protein. Data are not available which afford resolution of this dis crepancy between the specific activities of proteins observed in in vivoand in vitro experiments. It has been suggested that the relatively low values ob served in tumors in vivomight be a manifestation of a poor blood supply to the tumor (27), which would affect distribution of isotope to the tissue. Differences in the size of tissue amino acid pools would also influence the specific activity of the proteins isolated. The availability of specific meth ods for the recovery of glutamic acid and for the assessment of its metabolic fate provides an ap proach to some of these problems (3, 20). In the present experiments animals were killed


This article covers a comparative analysis of the indicators of the development of speed-strength qualities in the heterochronous way in the initial training of gymnasts aged 5-7 years. The results of the experiment gave us a possibility to determine the level of physical fitness of 5-7-year-old children, as well as confirmed that the physical qualities noted in them were elucidated by gender differences.


Intercultural dialogue is often invoked in vague reference to a method that can build cross-cultural understanding and facilitate global policy-making. This book clarifies the theoretical foundations of intercultural dialogue and demonstrates the practical significance of intercultural value inquiry, combining the perspectives of philosophy, conflict research, religious studies, and education.


Solitary non-parasitic cyst of the liver is a relatively rare lesion and diagnosis is seldom made till laparotomy. The rarity of pre-operative radiological diagnosis from cholecystographic abnormalities has prompted this paper. Other lesions producing similar gall-bladder displacements and impressions are well described in previous papers and a summary of these is presented in the discussion.


Objective: To study the effects of glutamine on heat shock protein 70(Hsp70) expression and immune in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods: 60 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into 2 groups,the control group(n=30) and the glutamine group.Patients in glutamine group were supplemented intravenously with alanyl-glutamine during 24 hours after hospitalization.Other treatments were the same as in the control group.Serum Hsp70 concentrations,immune parameters,and infection rates were compared.Results: The serum Hsp70 level,the immune globulin level,the CD4+ cell and CD4+/CD8+ in the glutamine group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P0.05).And the infection rate of the lung and urinary system was significantly lower in the glutamine group than in the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: Glutamine can enhance the Hsp70 expression,improve the immune and decrease the infection rate in patients with acute cerebral infarction.


In this paper, the self affine iterated function system (IFS) model of ship radiated noise is established according to the continuos, non derivative and non stationary characteristics of the temporal signal of ship radiated noise. Based on the model. the IFS fractal dimension is extracted. The experiments show that:1.Under certain compression ratio, the reconstructed signal from IFS parameters has the higher SNR value. 2.The fractal dimension of IFS is defferent referring to the two kinds of ship targets. A new characteristic parameter is provided for the classification and recognition of underwater acoustic targets.


We have analyzed all photometric observations of the 9 June 1988 occultation of the star P8 by Pluto in order to derive the radius of Pluto and certain parameters of its atmosphere. Our analysis is based on a "haze" model; but where relevant, we also discuss the thermal gradient model. With either model, the occultation observations yield a diameter for the limb of Pluto that is significantly larger than that found from mutual event observations by D. J. Tholen and M. W. Buie (1989, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 21, 981-982), but is in good agreement with the value from E. F. Young (1992, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). For a clear atmosphere (i.e., the thermal gradient model), we find the radius of the solid surface of Pluto and, obviously, also of the limb, to be 1195 ± 5 km. If the haze model is correct, the solid surface of the planet falls below 1180 ± 5 km, but the radius of the visible limb would be in the haze layer between 1185 and 1200 km. The degree to which the structure of Pluto's atmosphere is globally homogeneous is also discussed.


The neutral gas-phase chemistry of an isopropyl alcohol/argon pulsed plasma was investigated. Appearance potential mass spectrometry was used to identify the neutral species present in the plasma. This article complements the previously published study of the positive ion flux to the deposition surface. Of particular interest was the identification of the reactive species in the plasma that exist as neutrals as well as ions. We determined that neutral radicals were produced by hydrogen-exchange mechanisms as well as electron-impact dissociation reactions. The electron-impact dissociation ionization of the precursor in the plasma resulted in reactive ions that did not occur as neutral species. A byproduct of this reaction was a large concentration of the neutral methyl radical. At low pressures, the methyl radicals diffuse to the surface and are incorporated into the deposited films. At elevated pressures, the neutral methyl radicals abstract hydrogen from gas-phase isopropyl alcohol molecules to form meth...


*† ‡ § The Zeppelin NT is a semi rigid airship, produced by Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH (ZLT) in Friedrichshafen, Germany. It uses three identical tailplanes in an inverted Yarrangement for steering. These tailplanes are built in a stiffened, thin and light CFRPsandwich shell construction. For this tailplane concept the Institute for Lightweight Structures (LLB) at Technical University of Munich, Germany, has developed an In-Situ monitoring method, based on LAMB-waves, to detect damages due to hailstone impacts. Alternatively, the LLB has researched advanced tailplane designs – to improve resistance to hailstones and to reduce mass versus the current tailplanes – as well as repair mechanisms.


Multistring arrays of LED in parallel connection are widely applied in lighting fields. Active control and passive methods are utilized to guarantee equal current sharing between different strings with a common voltage source. Compared with active control, the passive methods that adopt purely passive components without real power dissipation are good candidates. Currently, an inductive power transfer (IPT) converter providing a constant voltage (CV) line, followed by some immittance networks that convert the CV line to constant current (CC) outputs, is commonly used to drive multiple LED strings. However, in such a two‐conversion‐stage scheme, the component count is as many as 3×N , where N is the number of LED strings, which deviates from compact, low‐cost, and simple design ideas. To address it, this paper aims to develop a single‐immittance‐network‐based IPT system to drive multistring LEDs with the current balance. The proposed IPT system can directly provide a CV to CC conversion to drive multistring LEDs with the benefits of simplifying the circuit design, size, and cost. The proposed IPT system also features programmable luminous power, zero‐phase‐angle (ZPA) input, IPT technology, and load‐independent‐current (LIC) output. Detailed analysis, implementation, and experiment are presented in this paper.


This paper presents the simulated performance of a dual S- and X-band shared aperture antenna design. The antenna is 82 by 82 mm and it has a total height of $\leq 4$ mm. This size allows the antenna to fit within the parameters of a nano-satellite unit structure. The antenna is right hand circularly polarized in both bands. The Antenna is tuned to a S-band frequency range from 2.025 to 2.075 GHz and a X-band frequency range from 7.75 to 8.75 GHz. The design has a Realized right hand circularly polarized gain of $\geq$6dB in the S-band and $\geq$12dB in the X-band. The impedance bandwidth is very wide as it exceeds the selected frequency ranges. The cross-coupling is below -25dB in the S-band and below -30dB in the selected X-band frequency range.


The theory and operation of Advanced Scientific Concepts, Inc.'s (ASC) latest compact 3D Flash LIDAR Video Cameras (3D FLVCs) and a growing number of technical problems and solutions are discussed. The solutions range from space shuttle docking, planetary entry, decent and landing, surveillance, autonomous and manned ground vehicle navigation and 3D imaging through particle obscurants.


That God lives is at once the simplest and profoundest statement to be made about him, for his life embraces the full reality of his sovereign being and activity. Both the Old and New Testaments speak of "the living God" (2 Kings 19:16; Acts 14:15). That the Father "has life in himself" (John 5:26) is no figure of speech but a declaration of God's essential being. Pagan gods and idols simply have "no breath in them" (Jer. 10:14). There is no other God but the one living God (Deut. 4:35; 2 Kings 19:15); God alone is God and there is none like him (Ex. 8:10, 15:11; 1 Chron. 17:20; Ps. 86:8, 89:8). For this very reason the formula for an oath in Old Testament times was "as the Lord liveth," "as God lives," or "as the God of Israel lives." When Hebrews were menaced they used this phrase to present Yahweh as the living One who, in contrast to the lifeless nonexisting heathen gods, evidences his existence and presence in absolute supremacy. Only rebels dispute God's active sovereignty (Jer. 5:12); only fools deny that God exists (Ps. 14:1, 53:2; Job 2:10). By a self-affirming oath, Yahweh himself confirms the dependability of his promises and warnings: "As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord" (Ezek. 17:16, 33:11, NIV). What God's life is cannot be determined by analyzing creaturely life and then projecting upon deity a vitality that characterizes intricate living creatures. The Bible never depicts life as an observable phenomenon, something known by empirical investigation that enables us to comprehend transcendent divine existence. God's life is not a unique configuration of impersonal processes and cosmic events. Nor is it merely a more durable form of the vitality imparted to lifeless man when God breathed into him "the breath of life, and man became a living being" (Gen. 2:7, NIV) and the bearer of God's image (Gen. 1:26). All conjectural attempts to refine the being of the world and of man into some generalized concept that can be projected upon an imagined deity are more hindrance than help for comprehending the One who through his own self-revelation makes himself known as the living God. God is "the fountain of living waters" (Jer. 2:13, 17:13), "the fountain of life" (Ps. 36:9). The Father "has life in himself" (John 5:26), that is, originally and absolutely. Christ is "the Author of life" (Acts 3:15, RSV), or, in magnificent brevity, "the life" (John 14:6; Phil. 1:21; Col. 3:4; 1 John 1:2). The agent in the creation of all the forms and structures of the universe was the divine Logos (John 1:3); as the incarnate Logos or God-man he additionally received from the Father the divine prerogative to bestow redemptive life upon the penitent, and resurrection life in the age to come (John 5:26). God is the incomparable "I am that I am" (Ex. 3:14). "There is no plainer description of the divinity of God," Barth remarks, "than the phrase which occurs so frequently in the Pentateuch and again in the Book of Ezekiel: 'I am the Lord your (or thy) God,' and it has its exact, New Testament parallel in the 'I am' of the Johannine Jesus.... In this biblical 'I am' the Subject posits itself and in that way posits itself as the living and loving The Living God of the Bible


Background: Anemia is recognized as an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in diabetic patients with end stage renal disease. However, it is not known whether anemia associated with early diabetic nephropathy increases CVD risk.Objective: To assess the effect of anemia on CVD risk in patients with Stage 1 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and Methods: Cross sectional analysis of 2,502 diabetic patients with stage 1 CKD. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from two teaching hospitals affiliated with medical university in Lahore, Pakistan.Results: Of the 2,502 diabetic patients examined, 96% had type 2 diabetes. Age (years) = 64.2 ± 0.2, BMI= 29.6±0.2, duration of diabetes (years) = 9.3± 0.17, Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) % =7.8±0.04. Males represented 83.2% of the cohort.The CVD group included 909 (36.3%) of the total cohort and had a significantly lower mean serum hemoglobin (g/dl) (12.9±0.05 Vs 13.4±0.04, p 30 mg/gm creatinine and normal GFR (>90 ml/min/1.73m2). Using the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) threshold Hb of 12 g/dl for initiation of work up for anemia in chronic kidney disease, in our logistic regression model the odds ration (OR) for CVD in patients with Hb<12 g/dl was 1.94 (95% CI= 1.6-2.3, p <0.01). After adjusting for CVD risk factors, anemia remained a significant predictor for CVD events OR=1.64 (95%CI = 1.3-2.0, p<0.01). We also examined Hb as a continuous variable and found that; for each unit decrease in hemoglobin, the odds of CVD increases, OR =1.21 (1.14-1.28, p <0.01)


Purpose: A number of patients with accommodative esotropia who were initially well controlled with their optical correction will deteriorate. This study aims to examine the cautious clinical features of patients with accommodative esotropia during follow-up period by obtaining the prevalence and the predictive factors of deterioration in accommodative esotropia. Methods: The records of 89 patients with accommodative esotropia whose eyes were aligned with optical correction (including bifocals) to 8 prism diopters (PD) of esotropia or less were reviewed. All patients were followed for a period of at least 2 years. The patients whose alignment was increased to 10PD of esotropia or greater during the follow-up period were included into the deteriorated group. We obtained the rate of deterioration and compared the clinical features of the deteriorated and controlled group. Results: The mean follow-up period was 64.1±29.3 months. Seven (7.8%) of 89 patients was deteriorated. The mean interval of deterioration after initial optical correction was 41.8±26.9 months. The stereopsis was significantly worse in the deteriorated group (p=0.024). The frequency of high AC/A ratio was also significantly higher in the deteriorated group (p=0.003). Conclusions: This study indicates that accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio or worse sensory status has an increased likelihood of deterioration.


An Italian Regional administration has collected a large data base (> 25.000 records; from 1960 to 2002) containing locations of all elements (animal and plant species, biocenoses) of biodiversity conservation importance. For each location, relevant biological information (species, year, etc.) have been typed in. The location was described by the coordinates of a point, the type of shape and its width. The origin of the data, and consequently their precision, are quite variable (from a few meters to entire Provinces). Many locations are partly or totally overlapping. The aim of the work was to develop a global map of biodiversity value.


The education modernization drive of Germany in the first half of the 20th century underwent two stages.The education modernization drive in Weimar demonstrated the characteristics of legalization,non-religion,democratization and professionalism.The education modernization drive after World War II stressed on solving three conflicts: the first is between the schools of religious sects and non-religious sects;the second between introducing foreign education system and thoughts and keeping traditional education system and thoughts;the third between culture sovereignty and states cooperation.


Tuberculosis (TB) and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are infectious diseases with a high prevalence in Indonesia. STH co-infection in TB patients can worsen the prognosis of TB disease due to the dysregulation of the immune response. The high prevalence of STH infections in Indonesia is caused by environmental factors such as poor personal hygiene habits. Jenggawah Subdistrict is an area with a high number of TB cases in Jember Regency and most of the area is in the form of agricultural fields and plantations that have a suitable humidity and temperature for the development of STH. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of personal hygiene risk factors with the risk of STH co-infection in TB patients in the work area of the Jenggawah Health Center in Jember Regency. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross sectional method and was conducted from September to December 2019. The research was conducted at the TB Polyclinic in Jenggawah Health Center in Jember Regency with a total sample of 26 respondents who were given a personal hygiene questionnaire. Stool examination was conducted at the Laboratory of Parasitology FK UNEJ using sedimentation and flotation methods. The results showed the incidence of STH co-infections was 15.3%, good personal hygiene was 57.7%, and bad personal hygiene was 42.3%. Fisher exact test results showed that there was no significant relationship between personal hygiene risk factors and the risk of the occurrence of STH co-infection in TB patients in the working area of the Jenggawah Health Center in Jember Regency (p = 1,000).


Covering sulfidic mine tailings with water effectively reduces oxygen influx to the tailings and the resulting acid generation. However, metals present in porewater solutions or in soluble mineral phases may still be released from the flooded tailings impoundment. Several laboratory leach tests are performed to evaluate metal release rates and times. Results from 20-day laboratory tests where fresh, unoxidized sulfide tailings are leached under controlled hydraulic and chemical conditions show limited metal releases even as pH changes occur in the leach water. Metal release times are generally of short duration. Monitoring of tailings seepage and surface waters is recommended for detecting sudden metal releases which could occur from natural pH variations. Results from a 3-month column experiment where oxidized tailings are covered by 1 m of water showed that transfer of zinc, sulfate, and iron from the tailings to the water column could occur. This transfer could be controlled by the addition of a protective sand layer over the tailings. Results for this case suggest that removal of zinc by treatment of surface and seepage water is still required for a long period after implementation of the water cover. The construction costs for artificial hydraulic containment structures to obtain an adequate water storage over the tailings are always high. It is therefore necessary, before deciding to commit to these costs, to evaluate treatment and maintenance requirements using laboratory and field testing, such as described herein.


Background: Low-dose interleukin-2 (ld-IL-2) enhances regulatory T-cell (Treg) function in auto-in fl amma- tory conditions. Neuroin fl ammation being a pathogenic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we evaluated the pharmacodynamics and safety of ld-IL-2 in ALS subjects. Methods: We performed a single centre, parallel three-arm, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eligibility criteria included age < 75 years, disease duration < 5 years, riluzole treatment > 3 months, and a slow vital capacity (cid:1) 70% of normal. Patients were randomised (1:1:1) to aldesleukin 2 MIU, 1 MIU, or placebo once daily for 5 days every 4 weeks for 3 cycles. Primary outcome was change from baseline in Treg percentage of CD4 + T cells (%Tregs) following a fi rst cycle. Secondary laboratory outcomes included: %Treg and Treg number following repeated cycles, and plasma CCL2 and neuro fi lament light chain protein (NFL) concentrations as surrogate markers of ef fi cacy. Safety outcomes included motor-function (ALSFRS-R), slow vital capacity (SVC), and adverse event reports. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02059759. Findings: All randomised patients (12 per group), recruited from October 2015 to December 2015, were alive at the end of follow-up and included in the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis. No drug-related serious adverse event was observed. Non-serious adverse events occurred more frequently with the 1 and 2 MIU IL-2 doses compared to placebo, including injection site reactions and fl u-like symptoms. Primary outcome analysis showed a signi fi cant increase ( p < 0 ¢ 0001) in %Tregs in the 2 MIU and 1 MIU arms (mean [SD]: 2 MIU: +6 ¢ 2% [2 ¢ 2]; 1 MIU: +3 ¢ 9% [1 ¢ 2]) as compared to placebo (mean [SD]: -0 ¢ 49% [1 ¢ 3]). Effect sizes (ES) were large in treated groups: 2 MIU ES=3 ¢ 7 (IC95%: 2 ¢ 3 (cid:1) 4 ¢ 9) and 1 MIU ES=3 ¢ 5 (IC95%: 2 ¢ 1 (cid:1) 4 ¢ 6). Secondary outcomes showed a signi fi cant increase in %Tregs following repeated cycles ( p < 0 ¢ 0001) as compared to placebo, and a dose-dependent decrease in plasma CCL2 ( p = 0 ¢ 0049). There were no signi fi cant differences amongst the three groups on plasma NFL levels. Interpretation: Ld-IL-2 is well tolerated and immunologically effective in subjects with ALS. These results war-rant further investigation into their eventual therapeutic impact on slowing ALS disease progression. Funding: : The French Health Ministry (PHRC-I-14-056), EU H2020 (grant #633413), and the Association pour la Recherche sur la SLA (ARSLA). © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)


Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common disorders of premenopausal women, affecting up to 15% of this population. It has substantial reproductive and metabolic morbidities with healthcare costs of ∼$8 billion annually in the US alone. Despite its high prevalence and public health impact, PCOS diagnosis is frequently delayed and requires visits to multiple providers. Not surprisingly, patients are very dissatisfied with the care that they receive. Improving the diagnosis and management of PCOS will require an understanding of the patterns of healthcare utilization among affected women so that appropriate specialists can be targeted for educational initiatives. This information may also provide "real world" insight into the medical issues for which these patients seek care. We used an employer-sponsored commercial insurance database comprised of 26,146,275 subjects (ages 0-65 years, 48.3% female) representative of all United States regions to associate ICD-10-CM codes with specialists. Women were designated as having PCOS using a previously validated algorithm (positive predictive value 98%) of the ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes for PCOS or for hirsutism in combination with the codes for irregular menses. Women were designated as controls if they lacked ICD-10-CM codes for PCOS, ovarian hyperfunction, androgen excess, hirsutism, infertility, acne, menstrual disorders, or alopecia. The percentage of patients with ≥1 office visit to a given provider in the year 2017 was calculated. Between group comparisons were made using chi square where p<0. 01 was significant. Of 9,628,264 women ages 18-40 years, 101,380 (1.1%) fulfilled criteria for PCOS and 3,460,541 fulfilled criteria for controls (35.9%). Significantly greater percentages of PCOS cases compared to controls (all P<0. 001) had ≥1 visit to an endocrinologist (17. 0% vs 2.2%), an OB/GYN (66.4% vs 40.3%), a dermatologist (14.1% vs 7.8%), a psychiatrist (5.2% vs 3.7%), a cardiologist (7.4% vs 3.8%), a family medicine physician (50.5% vs 42.5%), or an internal medicine physician (29.6% vs 19. 0%). More PCOS cases (80.1%) saw family medicine and internal medicine physicians (PCPs) than controls (61.5%, PIt is not surprising, given the common symptoms of PCOS of irregular menses, hirsutism and acne, that more PCOS cases than controls had care provided by specialists in OB/GYN, endocrinology and dermatology. The higher percentage of care provided by psychiatrists is consistent with the reported increased prevalence of anxiety and depression among affected women. The increased percentage of care by cardiologists is surprising in this population of young women and supports the suggestion that PCOS is associated with premature cardiovascular disease. Our results suggest that efforts to improve provider awareness of PCOS should target PCPs. Specialist educational initiatives should include psychiatry and cardiology, in addition to the specialists providing care for the common reproductive manifestations of PCOS. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.


199 Further clues to localisation may be provided by characteristic patterns of disordered respiration seen in patients with the locked in syndrome and lesions in the brain stem.3 Automatic (eupnoeic) breathing shows the disconnection of the medullary centres from higher brain stem control. Lesions of the tegmentum at the midbrain pontine level may cause "central neurogenic hyperventilation," which resembles the deep, rapid, Kussmaul pattern of metabolic acidosis. Either the irregular, unpatterned breathing of "ataxic respiration" or the prolonged, inspiratory breath holding characterising "apneustic breathing" may occur in patients with lesions of the lower pontine tegmentum. Recognition of the locked in state is important if casual remarks at the bedside are not to be the cause of grave hurt and mental anguish to a conscious patient.'5 Patients thought to be in a coma should be commanded to raise their eyes and to blink; only in this way will the awareness of the alert but helpless patient be discovered. Most patients survive for only a few weeks or months, but a few are condemned to this conscious hell for over a year. and neuropathology in "locked-in syndrome. A recent report from the secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services draws attention to the continuing disparity between the health of whites and blacks in the United States.' Since at least the turn of the century blacks have become ill more often and died younger than whites. A black male born in 1970 has a life expectancy 6'7 years less than his white counterpart,2 and black infant mortality rates have consistently exceeded those of whites. These findings have come to be described graphically as a white-black health gap, the blacks remaining on the wrong side of the gap at a time when the United States prides itself on having some of the most advanced medical services in the world. Early in her tenure as a top level administrator in the Reagan White House, Ms Margaret Heckler, then secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, became aware of this problem. She responded by setting up a task force of senior advisers from the National Institutes of Health "to decipher the message inherent in that disparity" and reduce excess death and illness among blacks and other minority Americans. Using mortality data from 1979 to 1981, this task force identified six causes that accounted for over four fifths of the excess deaths in …


This is the only short story anthology to acknowledge the diversity of writers from the African Diaspora. The collection is comprehensive, laying open the fascinating tradition of Black life throughout the U.S., the Americas, and Europe. The very definition of "Black Diaspora" is embodied here with 36 English-speaking writers, and 34 writers translated into English.


The Advanced Photoinjector Experiment is a photoinjector project at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, designed to test the performance of a high repetition rate (1 MHz) VHF normal conducting electron gun. The requirements of high beam brightness, as well as significant compression at low energy determine the base setup for the injector transport line. The beam dynamics considerations for a high repetition rate injector are discussed and the potential to use multiple bunch charges that require different tunings of the base setup is explored.


Hydrogen production from water splitting by photo/photoelectron‐catalytic process is a promising route to solve both fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution at the same time. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have attracted much interest due to their large specific surface area and highly ordered structure, which has led to promising potential applications in photocatalytic degradation, photoreduction of CO2, water splitting, supercapacitors, dye‐sensitized solar cells, lithium‐ion batteries and biomedical devices. Nanotubes can be fabricated via facile hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, template technique and electrochemical anodic oxidation. In this report, we provide a comprehensive review on recent progress of the synthesis and modification of TiO2 nanotubes to be used for photo/photoelectro‐catalytic water splitting. The future development of TiO2 nanotubes is also discussed.


What is the plant cell? Does its boundary start with the outer cell wall or with the plasmalemma (plasma mem brane)? Until recently, I had assumed that plant scientists agreed that the wall was one of the intracellular compartments of the vegetative plant cell, i.e., that the wall was intracellular but extracytoplasmic (or extraprotoplasmic). However, statements in recent publications that the plant cell wall is extracellular have become quite prevalent; no explanation has been given for this change. Unfortunately, young scientists will pick up this concept without understanding the basis for it. A recent issue of a plant journal contained one article that described the wall as being extracellular; another considered the wall as one of the subcellular compartments. What is a student to think? This is not just a problem of semantics. In the terminology of plant anatomists, the prefix inter is used to describe the middle lamella as the intercellular cement holding walls of neighboring plant cells together; it sets the cell boundaries. Where some cells do not fit tightly together at the corners, intercellular air spaces are formed. Lignin first forms in cell corners next to the middle lamella. What do users of the word extracellular for the plant wall substitute for these expressions? What do they cal1 the protoplast, the rounded unit formed after funga1 enzymes digest the cell wall? In their terminology, this unit would then be the plant cell itself, unhampered by the "extracellular" wall! Confusion arises when enzymes are described as being found in extracellular or intercellular spaces, based on the infiltration-centrifugation technique used to remove enzymes such as peroxidases by washing out water-soluble or ionically bound enzymes found outside the plasmalemma membrane. Do these prefixes to the term "cellular space" mean extracted from the wall or from the air spaces or both? Unfortunately, no new terms have been substituted. This is not just a problem in terminology but one also in the regulation of products secreted across the plasmalemma into the wall area and beyond. Metabolites and enzymes are secreted across the plasmalemma into the cell wall proper, becoming covalently or ionically bound to existing structural compounds or existing as soluble constituents in an aqueous phase of the wall. Other metabolites are deposited on the wall surface or are exuded from the roots into the rhizosphere or are volatilized from the leaf surface. How does someone who considers the wall extracellular differentiate between these extracellular regions? The confusion is extended into the literature on cell suspension cultures where the growth medium is considered an extension of the extracellular compartment; unfortunately, one doesn't know whether the medium contains wall diffusion products, exudates, or stress metabolites due to the abnormal environment of the cells. Although animal cells also secrete similar metabolic products to form what are called extracellular matrices, the relationship of these secretions to the protoplasmic unit that produced them is very different from that in the plant cell. This difference is best exemplified in the inward deposition of the secondary cell wall in nongrowing fibers and tracheids, during which the cytoplasm (protoplast) becomes smaller and smaller until it dies, leaving only a small interna1 space or lumen in the center. The plant cell is very different from an animal cell; one of the major differences is the presence of the extracytoplasmic (extraprotoplasmic) wall that is an integral part of all aspects of the development of the vegetative plant cell. We now know that the wall is an active metabolic area in living cells. I have never seen a rationale supporting the concept that the plant cell wall is extracellular rather than being an extracytoplasmic, intracellular component. Can anyone give me one?


We present an InP monolithically integrated wavelength selector that requires log2N switches for selecting N modulated wavelengths. Nanosecond operation and error-free wavelength selection of four modulated wavelengths with 2 dB of power penalty is demonstrated.


Factors Affecting Secondary Students' Learning in a Credit Recovery Program by Richard A. Joyer, Jr. MA, University of Texas San Antonio, 2003 BA, University of Texas San Antonio, 1995 Project Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University June 2017 Abstract A credit recovery (CR) program was implemented at a rural high school in Texas to assist with high school completion. While graduation rates increased, the time for completion also increased for students in the CR program. The purposes of this correlational study were to examine factors that impact student learning in the CR program and to determine whether teachers were implementing student-centered instruction. Piaget's constructivistA credit recovery (CR) program was implemented at a rural high school in Texas to assist with high school completion. While graduation rates increased, the time for completion also increased for students in the CR program. The purposes of this correlational study were to examine factors that impact student learning in the CR program and to determine whether teachers were implementing student-centered instruction. Piaget's constructivist theory provided the framework for the study. The guiding question was to examine the relationships between student achievement and classroom environment, active learning, attendance, and student success from those enrolled in the credit recovery class at the target high school. A sample of 103 students in Grades 9-12 completed a 65-item Likertscale customized form of the What Is Happening in the Classroom (WIHIC) survey with subscales in classroom environment, active learning strategies, student motivation, and student success. A correlational analysis was conducted using scores from the state assessment test, attendance data, and scores from the WIHIC. Results showed no statistically significant relationships among the variables. Based on these findings, a professional development program was crafted to assist teachers at the study site with writing CR curriculum to better align with the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills and to include more hands-on constructivist learning activities. Implications for positive social change include the potential to improve secondary students' academic outcomes. Factors Affecting Secondary Students' Learning in a Credit Recovery Program by Richard A. Joyer, Jr. MA, University of Texas San Antonio, 2003 BA, University of Texas San Antonio, 1995 Project Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University June 2017 Acknowledgments I would like to thank my family for being patient through this educational process. I would also like to thank Dr. Shereeza Mohammed, Dr. Don Jones, and Dr. Baiyun Chen for guiding me though this project study.


Objectives: To examine whether the dynamic range of 1.25% low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) measurement in MS patients with optic neuritis (ON) can be improved by using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter scoring method. Methods: LCVA was tested using 2.5% and 1.25% low contrast ETDRS-style 4m Sloan letter charts. When ≥20 letters were read correctly, the letter score was equal to letter count plus 30. If <20 letters were read correctly, the letter score was equal to letter count at 4m plus the total number of letters read correctly at 1m. Results: 51 relapsing-remitting MS patients with unilateral ON were enrolled and 60.8% ON eyes had a 1.25% LCVA letter count worse than 1 line (5 letters). In ON eyes with <20 letter count, ETDRS letter score showed a significantly improved correlation with both macular GCIPL thickness (r=0.71, p<0.0001; vs r=0.31, p=0.08 for letter count) and VEP latency (r=-0.47, p=0.003; vs r=-0.15, p=0.4 for letter count). Discussion: Given ON with VEP monitoring has been frequently used as a model in MS remyelination clinical trials, our proposed ETDRS-style LCVA letter scoring method may be considered to enhance the functional outcome measure, which is necessary for regulatory approval.


An approach for increasing the space charge limit of a betatron is described. The space charge of the ion beam is completely neutralized by electrons or a background plasma. The ions to be accelerated have a large gyroradius and are nonadiabatic compared to the background electrons or ions, which are adiabatic. Applying a toroidal electric field by changing the flux through the large ion orbit accelerates only nonadiabatic ions. The adiabatic particles can only drift and are therefore magnetically insulated. Ions can be trapped by injecting a neutralized ion beam that is produced in a magnetically insulated ion diode pulsed at a few hundred kiloelectronvolts. The collective trapping process is quite simple.<<ETX>>


Herein, we aim to examine the topological effects of block copolymer architecture on the self-assembly of lamellae-forming star-block copolymers (BCPs) composed of polystyrene (PS) and poly(dimethy...


(Received for publication, December 18, 1953) Since Gabritschewsky1), many investigators agree in their opinion that the blood glycogen content of diabetes mellitus patients show in general higher values than healthy persons. As regards the blood glycogen content of the pancreatectomized dog Kaufmann2) recognized its increase, but Fahr3) denied such elevation. According to Prof. Okamoto4), the permanent alloxandiabetes closely resembles the diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we attempted in the present experiments to estimate the blood glycogen content of diabetes mellitus patients and alloxandiabetic rabbits, in order to clarify its clinical significance.


This work was developed with the objective of knowing how often the function of the anterior teeth is altered and what their main causes are, in a group of patients who attended the clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Yucatan. It was chosen to investigate this topic because, in the clinical practice of restorative dentistry or oral rehabilitation, it is a significant problem the situation of patients who request the reconstruction of their anterior teeth, because it has changed its appearance, reduced in length, fractured its edges or angles and wants to improve its appearance and function, but they do not know that what they observe is the effect of something outside their perception and its restoration is something more complicated than they imagine.


This study reports the occurrence of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) on pepper under greenhouse conditions. In recent years, INSV has been detected in crops like peanut, tobacco, and potato as well as several weed species. Because INSV is vectored by western flower thrips and tobacco thrips, its expanding host range could make it an economically important problem in agricultural and horticultural crops in the U.S.


The translation of texts into american, african and asiatic languages, in the XVIth and XVIIth centuries, made by europeans who were beginning to stablish colonies overseas, had the main purpose of converting other peoples to Christianity. Those texts were directed both to local populations and to missionaries and they displayed a larger variety among literate societies. Regarding grammars, one realizes the strong intertextuality with reference to the latin grammar, on the model of which all other grammars should be written. This paper displays the kinds of texts which were translated into the so said "exotic languages" in those two centuries


AIM: We demarcate marine benthic global bioregions based on fossil and recent occurrence data. Our main goal is to compare past and present biogeography and to extract major abiotic drivers of biogeographical patterns. We specifically test the hypothesis that global biogeography has changed markedly after the climatic fluctuations of the past 10 Myr. LOCATION: Worldwide. TIME PERIOD: Recent; late Miocene–Pleistocene interval. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Benthic taxa with a rich fossil record: Bivalvia, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Gastropoda, Echinodermata, Decapoda and reef corals. METHODS: We use occurrence data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and the Paleobiology Database to construct compositional networks and outline objective marine bioregions of benthic marine invertebrates using the "infomap" community detection algorithm. We assess the association of modern bioregions with a variety of environmental parameters by applying multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal components analysis, random forests and multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: Recent first‐order bioregions for the coastal ocean are, in general, consistent across all taxa. Seawater temperature surpasses nutrients, primary production and salinity as a predictor of modern bioregion distributions. Despite substantial climatic variations, late Cenozoic biogeographical patterns recorded in fossils are very similar to modern ones. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Biogeographical boundaries within oceans are strongly controlled by temperature gradients, but open oceanic and continental barriers determine the global biogeographical structure. The joint structure of a landmass distribution, deep ocean basins and the latitudinal temperature gradient defines bioregionalization of the benthic marine habitat, which did not change substantially over the past 10 Myr.


The recent transformation in electric grid infrastructure have stressed conventional grid operation and control strategies. This demands that legacy devices perform a variety of advanced grid-support functions in addition to their traditional operation. A hybrid smart transformer (HST) and its protection scheme against damaging high voltages have been proposed. In this paper, the proposed hybrid bypass protection approach is evaluated in a typical substation protection environment involving a group of protection devices. These include a differential relay, feeder protection relay and a SEL-751A as a secondary bypass protection for the proposed HST module. The results from a laboratory-scale hardware prototype are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The hybrid bypass protection approach performs as desired under all scenarios without interfering with the normal operation of typical substation protection devices. The proposed protection scheme finds a myriad of applications under the exponentially increasing inverter-based resources (IBRs) that demand robust protection against faults on the grid.


In mid 80s Neal Koblitz and Victor Miller independently proposed the use of elliptic curves in cryptography. Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (ECC) is a type of public key cryptography (PKC) based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curve over finite fields. For a smaller key size, ECC is able to provide the same level of security with RSA. This feature made ECC one of the most popular PKC algorithms today. Scalar multiplication is known as the fundamental operation in ECC algorithm and protocols. The efficiency of ECC critically depends on the efficiency of the scalar multiplication operation. Scalar multiplication involves three levels of computations: scalar arithmetic, point arithmetic and field arithmetic. Improving the first two levels will lead to significant increment in the efficiency of the scalar multiplication. Scalar arithmetic level can be improved by employing an enhanced scalar recoding algorithm that can reduce the Hamming weight or decrease the number of operations in the scalar representation process. The objective of this research is to introduce an efficient implementation of {0,1, 3}-NAF scalar recoding algorithm by implementing block method. With block method application on the based algorithm, a complex look up table is undesired. Instead a fix look up table is introduced with less computation required for recoding. The proposed look up table contains equivalent value for 256 binary number in {0, 1, 3}-NAF representation. Each binary number in table is 8 bits length. Therefore, the input binary must be partitioned in n blocks of 8 bits before being processed through look up table. The running time is used to measure the performance of the based and the proposed algorithm. The focus of this research is on the enhancement of the scalar arithmetic level by designing and analysing an inexpensive {0, 1, 3}-NAF scalar recoding algorithm in an effort to maintain the Hamming weight for the based algorithm and reduce the algorithm complexity. In order to clearly demonstrate the running time difference between the based and the proposed algorithm, both algorithms performance time are measured and compared. The environment is controlled and there is no effect from the test bed, the running process has been repeated 5, 10 and 20 times. To enhance the reliability of results the average of each run has been calculated and used. The result from the input data yielded the following results: The proposed algorithm has overall 86% speed up in comparison to the base algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, partitioning function takes up to 74% and look up table takes up to 29% of the total elapsed time.


INTRODUCTION Neurologic disorders represent a major burden of disease globally. These are common and represent a major public health problem. The spectrum of diseases ranges from non communicable disorders like stroke and neurodegenerative disorders to central nervous system infections. The burden of neurological diseases may be on the increase especially in developing countries. Improved outcome in these settings may require appreciation of the spectrum of neurological diseases and the impediments to their management.The pattern of neurological admissions in hospital varies amongst different regions of the world and this depends on many factors including the regional burden of neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE To determine the burden (frequency) of neurological diseases in patients presenting to inand out-patient of Neurology department of Bolan medical complex hospital, Quetta, Baluchistan. Patients and Methods: Our study population included 1810 patients. All new inpatient and outpatient presenting to Neurology in Bolan medical complex hospital, Quetta were eligible for inclusion. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Study Setting: Neurology inand outpatient department of Bolan Medical st th Complex Hospital, Quetta. Duration of study: 1 Jan 2016 to 30 June 2016 (6 Months). Results: Out of 1810 patients the most common neurological diagnoses were: Stroke (514, 28.4%), Radiculopathies (358, 19.8%), Primary Headache Syndromes (228, 12.6%) and Epilepsy (187, 10.3%). CNS Infections (70, 3.9%) and Cerebral Palsy/ Mental Retardation (68, 3.8%), Bell's Palsy (57, 3.1%), Dementia (51, 2.8%) Peripheral Neuropathy (36, 2.0%), Mononeuropathies (36, 2.0%), Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders (37, 2.0%), GBS (33, 1.8%) Functional (32, 1.8%), Demyelinating Illnesses (26, 1.4%), Myasthenia Gravis (23, 1.3%), Diseases of Spinal Cord (20, 1.1%) MND (19, 1.0%) were less common. Conditions like Myopathies (8, 0.4%) and Encephalopathies (7, 0.4%) were even less common diagnoses. Conclusion: The spectrum of neurological diseases in Baluchistan is similar to that found in other parts of the country and the region. Stroke, Radiculopathies, Primary Headache and Epilepsy were found to be the most frequent neurological disorders. KEYWORD Neurological diseases.


ABSTRACT Responding to domestic violence and abuse (DVA) poses significant challenges for the criminal justice system, with recent studies highlighting a number of significant gaps and failings in the nature of the police response in particular. This paper reports on findings from a component of the multi-stage ESRC funded project 'Justice, Inequality and Gender-Based Violence' (ESRC grant ES/M010090/1) that relates to 400 reported incidents of DVA involving intimate partners recorded by two police force areas in England in 2014. Drawing on this large data set concerning a wide range of incidents, this paper employs quantitative methods to analyse the trajectories of reports made to the police, and the factors that may influence their progress through, or attrition from the criminal justice system. In doing so, this paper finds that certain 'inequality' factors such as victim gender, vulnerability (including mental health) and incident type are found to impact the progression of cases through the criminal justice system. This work seeks to build on our understanding of what happens to incidents of DVA that are brought to the attention of the police by victims and survivors, and reflects upon how the outcomes of such incidents impact the broader debate concerning the pursuit of a formal, or criminal 'justice' in cases of DVA.


The conventional gathering and transportation mode of heating the produced fluid of oil wells with hot water or steam may result in excessive energy consumption. In order to perform the unheated transportation, the idea of hydraulic suspension transport of the gelled crude oil is proposed based on the actual production of Daqing Oilfield, and the experimental system is established to test characteristics of oil particle distribution which have an important effect on the hydraulic suspension transportation. In the experiment, the image of gelled crude oil particle distribution was obtained in a horizontal pipe with inner diameter of 0.053 m, and then the law of particle distribution was investigated by the theoretical model. The results showed that the gelled crude oil hydraulic suspension transport could be achieved without any chemical reagent when the gelled crude oil was transformed into particles and dispersedly suspended in water. The results also showed that the gelled oil particles of 0–4 mm in size accounted for 92% or more of all particles, and the percentage of gelled crude oil particles of a size of 4 mm gradually increased with the increasing mixed flow rate.


We consider minimizing the probability of falling below a target growth rate of the wealth process up to a time horizon $T$ in an incomplete market model, and then study the asymptotic behavior of minimizing probability as $T\to\infty$. This problem can be closely related to an ergodic risk-sensitive stochastic control problem in the risk-averse case. Indeed, in our main theorem, we relate the former problem concerning the asymptotics for risk minimization to the latter as its dual. As a result, we obtain an expression of the limit value of the probability as the Legendre transform of the value of the control problem, which is characterized as the solution to an H-J-B equation of ergodic type, in the case of a Markovian incomplete market model.


The disequilibrium and equilibrium models of migration disagree on how local amenities and labor market dynamics influence regional in-migration. Research into migration motives and decision-making show that migration for some individuals is mainly driven by proximity to the labor market, while migration for others is mainly amenity driven. As this is an ongoing process, it should result in a spatial sorting based on migration motives. This means that global models explaining in-migration underestimate the influence of both factors through averaging out of the coefficients across these diverse regions. In this article, we compare a local and a global model explaining in-migration through residential quality and labor market proximity. We find significant differences in the influence of the explanatory variables between regions. Demonstrating this spatial heterogeneity shows that the impacts of factors underpinning migration vary across regions. This result highlights the importance of the regional context in anticipating and designing regional policy concerning population dynamics.


Given x, a point of a convex subset C of an Euclidean space, the two following statements are proven to be equivalent: (i) any convex function f : C → R is upper semi-continuous at x, and (ii) C is polyhedral at x. In the particular setting of closed convex mappings and Fσ domains, we prove that any closed convex function f : C → R is continuous at x if and only if C is polyhedral at x. This provides a converse to the celebrated Gale-Klee-Rockafellar theorem.


An overview of software efforts for the CLAS detector in CEBAF Hall B is given. Although the CLAS collaboration is faced with problems which cannot be compared directly to those at Halls A and C there is a certain overlap in software development all three experimental areas can benefit from. Several examples are presented.


To store the digital video, even CD/DVD is not sufficient of handling data and therefore, video compression plays an essential role. Video compression removes the redundant information from digital video without reduce the quality to an unacceptable level. In this proposed work, compressing video is efficiently done by using 2D-DCT which is a version of DCT with Median filter and Area encoding gives the high CR than existing algorithms. In this method, first video is divided into frames and remove noises using of Median Filter, then that frames are split in to 8x8 pixel blocks. Then 2D-DCT is employed on these blocks and after that, quantization, zigzag pattern and Area encoding is done on transformed data. Quality of video is good after compressed the video and also algorithm is fast with less complexity. Experimental results of the proposed work ensure that effectiveness and gives highest compression ratio without data loss and quality of video. Keywords— Video Compression, 2D-DCT, Quantization, ZigZag, Area coding, Compression Ratio, Median Filter.


The paper presents the idea of the processes in the modern science of language, which are caused by a number of socio-cultural changes in the society. Designated as the differentiation of the science of language, these processes reveal new aspects of the functioning of the language, pose new theoretical problems and applied tasks and thus contribute to the formation of the new ones – sphere linguistics. Precisely such linguistics – political, juridical linguistics and media linguistics – are analyzed in the paper. The main attention is paid to the concept of "the sphere of speech (communion, communication)" in the works of such linguists as V. V. Vinogradov, M. M. Bakhtin, Yu. V. Rozhdestvensky within the framework of stylistics, theory of speech genres, general philology. The reasons of the actualization of analyzed communication areas at the turn of the centuries are observed. Generally the processes and stages of the three types of linguistics forming, the specific and the general in their present condition and place in the modern science of language, their development prospects are presented. The key moments of the national media linguistics formation are named.


Over the last two and a half decades, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has become an important area of research in biomedical optics. Combining the high contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound (US) imaging, PA imaging can simultaneously visualize anatomical structures while interrogating their functionality through multiwavelength optical spectroscopy. Alongside technological developments and imaging applications in optical and acoustic resolution PA imaging, a family of PA signal analysis techniques can extract additional information about the sample being imaged. This Tutorial focuses on techniques that rely on the analysis of PA signals in a manner similar to that in the complimentary field of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging of soft tissues. In QUS, signal analysis techniques have been developed to analyze the US signals resulting from the scattering of many unresolved scatterers within the resolution volume of the imaging device. The implementation of these US techniques in PA can enable new applications in biomedicine beyond traditional anatomical PA imaging, further increasing the utilization and impact of this promising modality.


The study of sacrifice in antiquity has recently been enriched by two important contributions in the form of the acta of conferences, one organized at Goteborg in 1997 and the other in Paris in 2001. The scope and aims of these two events were highly different. The Goteborg seminar focused specifically on the Olympian and chthonian aspects of Greek sacrificial ritual, while the Paris conference aimed at evaluating and broadening the work presented in the seminal study La cuisine du sacrifice ...


Although Kii peninsula is located in the forearc side of southwest Japan, it has high temperature hot springs and fluids from mantle are inferred from the isotopic ratio of helium. Non-volcanic tremors underneath the Kii Peninsula suggest rising fluids from slab. Previously, in the southern part of the Kii Peninsula, wide band magnetotelluric measurements were carried out (Fujita et al. ,1997; Umeda et al. ,2004). These studies could image the existence of the conductivity anomaly in the shallow crust and in the deep crust. Long period observation using network MT data showed low resistivity on wedge mantle(Yamaguchi et al., 2009). These studies, however, used two dimensional inversions and three-dimensionality is not fully taken into consideration. As part of the "Crustal Dynamics" project, we have measured 20 more stations so that the whole wide-band MT stations constitute grids to make three-dimensional modeling of the area.


Frequency estimation/determination has applications in various areas, where the sampling rate is usually above the Nyquist rate. In some applications, it is preferred that the range of the frequencies is as large as possible for a given sampling rate and in some applications, the sampling rate is below the Nyquist rate. In both eases, frequency estimation from undersampled waveforms is needed. In this letter, we present an efficient algorithm to determine multiple frequencies from multiple undersampled waveforms with sampling rates below the Nyquist rates.


The mechanism of glucose repression of inducible enzyme synthesis in the obligatory aerobic yeast Rhodotorula gracilis has been investigated. Induction of the d-xylose catabolizing enzyme system has been used as the test-tool. It has been found that:

1
d-Glucose blocks the uptake of d-xylose from a mixture of the two aldoses. d-Xylose enters the cell interior only after all the d-glucose has been consumed.

2
d-Fructose, d-galactose, d- and l-arabinose do not affect the uptake of d-xylose.

3
Accordingly, d-glucose represses induction of the d-xylose catabolizing enzyme system, whereas d-fructose, d-galactose, d- and l-arabinose do not.

4
d-Glucose is without effect in cells which have been preincubated with d-xylose, whereby the latter is accumulated in the cells. In this case, d-xylose catabolism proceeds simultaneously with that of d-glucose.

5
d-Glucose does not interfere with enzyme induction if d-xylose has already been accumulated in the cells.

6
3-O-Methyl-d-glucose, an unmetabolizable analogue of d-glucose, exhibits the same effect on inducible enzyme synthesis started with d-xylose as d-glucose does.

From these results the following conclusions can be drawn:

1
The cell membrane is one of the important regulatory sites of cell metabolism in R. gracilis.

2
Glucose repression of inducible enzyme synthesis in R. gracilis is regulated at the cell membrane.


The present work describes the development of a simple chemiluminometric method for the determination of enrofloxacin, based on the chemical generation of . In order to achieve CL conditions, two streams containing solutions of and acidic Ce(IV) were mixed. Optima chemical conditions for the CL emission were: 12.5 mM Ce(IV) in 50 mM H2SO4 and 3.0 mM of . The present method was applied to the determination of this antibacterial agent in commercial preparation, with excellent recovery, as the analysis is free from interference from common excipients in the formulation. This antibacterial is not an authorized veterinary drug for use in animals from which eggs are produced for human consumption. This method can be very useful for illegal use testing. It is capable of confirming the presence of this quinolone for concentrations above 125 ng/g. When applied to egg, it is necessary to extract the residues by acidic aqueous solution followed by centrifugation and evaporation to dryness.


The present situation of management information system (MIS) development and application in garment industry are introduced,and then the development method and developing tendency of garment enterprise management information system are offered in this paper.


This paper proposes a sensorless control based on Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) for a Five-phase Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (FIPMSM), with a consideration of the third harmonic component. Compared to the conventional three-phase machines, the third harmonic of electromotive force contains more information. Thus, in this paper, we consider the first and third harmonic components of the five-phase machine to estimate the rotor position that is necessary for the control. Simulation results of the implemented SMO are shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed sensorless control strategy


The purpose of the present study was to illustrate the effect of the hand-object interface on the ability of a person to exert forces in different postures. Subjects performed one-handed maximal pulling exertions on four different handles, placed 1·0m and 1·75 m above the ground. The strength of manual exertion was significantly affected by handle type (p 0·01). Handles with the largest degree of hand-handle contact and those which permitted a power grip to be deployed, enabled the largest pulling forces to be produced. Under these conditions, force output was highly dependent on handle placement. However, placement of handles with poor hand-handle interfaces had little effect on maximal pulling strength. The inference that the hand-handle interface is the 'weak link1 in force transmission when intense pulling exertions are executed on poorly-designed handles has im...


Speaking of The Romance of the Western Chamber,some writers in Ming Dynasty often thought of it as the ancestor of southern opera and the most legendary opera.The edition of it in Ming Dynasty was transformed into plays with legendary style to different degrees.In addition,the Zaju anthology doesn't actually choose it while many other plays and legendary anthology have it,on the contrary.In this article,the author thinks that people in Ming Dynasty treated The Romance of the Western Chamber as the Southern opera subconsciously because it is similar to the play and legend in the length,and the Ming Dynasty's leading drama environment featured play and legend.Actually,editors and compilers in Ming Dynasty were all aware of the northern Zaju style of The Romance of the Western Chambers,and thus they didn't mistake it for play in their hearts.


Identity is an important mechanism of socialization of youth. Currently, there is a transformation of cultural spaces associated with globalization and informatization. Identity allows to navigate in a variety of norms and values, examples of behaviors and life style. Some Russian researchers suggest common and distinct features of this process in young people.


To meet the needs of engineers and scientists of the 1990s, Hadland Photonics have developed a new concept high speed camera capable of framing rates up to 100,000,000 pictures per second as standard. Recent surveys have conclusively shown that better image quality than that offered by current image converter cameras is a criteria foremost in the minds of those who use high speed imaging as part of their recording instrumentation. To this end, the Imacon 468 has been developed offering a high resolution camera with virtually zero distortion and intensity variation across the total picture area. Variable interframe, exposure, gain and image manipulation are fully controlled by a PC making this camera compatible with modern trends of data recording. The unique optical system, designed specifically for this camera, allows a single viewpoint for the multiple intensified CCD image sensors. Comprehensive software for controlling the camera, data transfer, and image processing is available for IBM P.C. compatible computers allowing finger tip access to experimental parameters.


Using separated epithelium (SVE) and fibromuscular stroma (SVM) of guinea pig seminal vesicle, the antihormonal effects of daily subcutaneous administration (14 and 28 days) of the benzothiophene keoxifene (LY 156758; [6‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzo(b) thien‐3‐yl] [4‐(2‐1‐piperidinyl) ethoxy] phenyl) methanone hydrochloride) in intact, castrate, and androgen/estrogen‐maintained castrate animals was evaluated. The compound was devoid of agonist activity in castrated males, in that the compound had no stimulatory effect on SVM wet weight or DNA content. In vitro cytosolic binding of [3H]estradiol (E2) in the SVM was decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner by keoxifene, but the compound did not perturb the binding of [3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the SVM or SVE. Likewise, keoxifene administration to castrated males treated with exogenous steroids antagonized the estrogen‐induced hyperplastic response of the SVM, whereas no interference with androgen‐induced growth of the SVM or SVE was observed. Keoxifene treatment of intact male guinea pigs produced regression of the androgen‐sensitive SVE as well as the androge/estrogen‐sensitive SVM. Keoxifene‐induced decreases in guinea pig serum testosterone levels were associated with this activity. Histological analysis of the seminal vesicle under these conditions suggests androgen deprivation. These findings indicate that keoxifene is a physiological antagonist of androgen action in the intact male guinea pig. The pure estrogen antagonist properties of keoxifene and its ability to decrease accessory sex organ epithelium and fibromuscular stroma in vivo suggest potential applications of the benzothiophenes in the medical management of prostatic neoplasia.


The paper describes the IUB Rugbot, a rugged mobile robot that features quite some on-board intelligence. The robot and its software is the latest development of the IUB rescue robot team, which is active since 2001 in this research area. IUB robotics takes an integrated approach to rescue robots. This means that the development of the according systems ranges from the basic mechatronics to the high-level functionalities for intelligent behavior.


ABSTRACT This paper reflects on the association of volunteer tourism with global citizenship and argues that it involves outsourcing citizenship to 'the globe' in a manner unlikely to benefit global understanding or development politics. Volunteer tourism is strongly associated with global citizenship. Global citizenship, in turn, is associated with a better world. A key claim made about global citizenship is that it enables people to discharge their responsibilities to others in distant lands in an ethical way, less constrained by national interests. Yet global citizenship involves a reworking of the concept of citizenship not only spatially from nation to globe, but also politically from nation state and polity to non-governmental organisations and consumption (in this case, of tourism). The paper argues that in a number of ways the association of volunteer tourism with this geographically expanded but politically constricted notion of citizenship both reinforces a limited politics, and also limits the capacity of voluntourism to enlighten. By contrast, it is argued that a consideration of republican citizenship both clarifies these limits and suggests a more progressive rationale for volunteer travel.