Atomic manipulation and scanning tunnel microscope experiments on metal surfaces have shown that electronic states in a ``quantum corral'' can be locally monitored and used to analyze the nonlocal effects of perturbations. We study new corral geometries defined by families of confocal parabolas. General solutions of the Schr\"odinger equation for the interior problem with Dirichlet (hard wall) boundary conditions are found exactly in terms of zeroes of hypergeometric functions. We show that the Hilbert space of solutions is separated in subspaces with odd and even symmetry. We perform numerical evaluation of the zeroes and study the effects of the parabolic curvatures on the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the parabolic quantum corral. The evolution of the local density of states with energy as a function of parabolic corral geometry is also analyzed. We find that under suitable conditions, the distribution of state antinodes can be described as directed intensity beams, which could be used as ``quantum beacons'' in future generations of ``quantum mirage'' experiments or optical and acoustic analogs of quantum corrals for the state node distribution.


In recent years intangible assets have become increasingly important for many companies. One significant category of intangible assets are brands. Because of their growing importance, researchers have begun to develop methods to better measure and account for brand names. Traditional brand management performance measures usually are short-term oriented and give no incentives to invest in brands but rather lead to short-term activities which harm longterm brand value. This is alarming, especially for companies where brands are the main assets. Brand value, if correctly measured, could represent a useful goal for the management of brands. In mergers and acquisitions, brand value could help in determining a corporation's price and support the decision process. Another area where a valid brand valuation method would be helpful is the licensing of brands. Finally, brand valuation is needed for balance sheet purposes. So far, current accounting standards in Germany assign no balance-sheet value to brand names until another firm acquires them. But since brands are legal in balance sheets of companies in other European countries, German law might change in order to harmonize European law. Then, an accepted valuation method will be indispensable. Depending on the purpose of brand valuation and on the method used, different brand values will result. But as long as valuation methods are not objective and comparable, companies will be reluctant to the valuation of brands. This paper evaluates the usefulness of methods in order to use brand value as a long-term performance measure in brand management and controlling.


Abstract The economic events of the late 1950s and early 1960s precipitated a crisis of major proportions for British shipbuilding, hitherto one of this country's most important and prestigious industries. Severe competition from new and reconstructed economies in the Far East and Western Europe would terminally challenge outmoded management and labour relations in an industry which had led the world for a century. Although there would be no respite for British shipbuilders, the industry endeavoured to meet the challenge from abroad by embarking upon yard modernisation schemes, as if these alone were the panacea for righting the industry's deep‐seated problems. However, this agonising period was accompanied by the dramatic increase in the size of crude oil carriers, soon to be given the acronym VLCC (Very Large Crude Carriers), which added a twist of their own and give rise to the Newshot Isle Project. These vessels, at that time approaching 250,000‐dwt, had prompted a number of foreign yards to construct large dry docks in which to build them. As dry docks appeared to be a highly efficient way to build such large vessels, several of the larger British shipyards pondered how they might reorganise their productive resources by constructing large dry docks within the physically restricted areas their yards occupied. For world renowned shipbuilders, John Brown & Co. Ltd of Clydebank, the extraordinary proposal was made, biblical in scale, to divert the River Clyde into a new channel and build three giant dry docks in the redundant riverbed. However, such a massive scheme would require public money, as the estimated £25 million it would consume was well beyond the means of beleaguered John Brown & Co. At the same time, the Labour Government of the day, alarmed at the crisis facing British shipbuilders, established a Committee of Inquiry to report in 1966 on restructuring and financing the industry in a hoped for return to profitability. This article looks at the imaginative but unfulfilled John Brown proposal, and charts its progress in the face of the Government's own proposals for shipbuilding on the River Clyde.


PURPOSE
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the abnormal expression of LncRNA GACAT3 and the prognosis of breast cancer patients, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and the molecular downstream mechanism.

METHODS
Quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to detect the expression of LCCRNA GACAT3 in 20 breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Patients were divided into low expression group and high expression group according to the level of expression, and the differences and overall survival of MRI diffusion-weighted imaging parameters were analyzed. The expression of LCCRNA GACAT3 was interfered by MCV-7 cells transfected by recombinant adenovirus, and the proliferation and apoptosis of MCF-7 were detected by BrdU method and TUNEL method, respectively.

RESULTS
The expression of LncRNA GACAT3 was increased in breast cancer tissues and cell lines compared to paracancer tissues and normal cells. Compared with the low expression group, patients with high expression had poorer MRI diffusionweighted imaging and lower overall survival. Down-regulation of LncRNA GACAT3 increased the expression of miR-497, and miR-497 mimics reduced the luciferase of LncRNA GACAT3. Increased LrcRNA GACAT3 in breast cancer cells could downregulate the expression of miR-497, down-regulate Capsase 9 and up-regulate Bcl-2 to promote proliferation and anti-apoptosis of breast cancer cells.

CONCLUSION
LncRNA GAC AT3 is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer, preoperative MRI perfusion-related diffusion (D) reduction, and elevated perfusion fraction (f). After targeting CIR-497, LncRNA GACAT3 promotes the progression of breast cancer by down- regulating Caspase 9 and up-regulating Bcl-2.


The utility model relates to a flow table vibration detection instrument. A flow table is generally suitable for concentrate or other fine particle substances with the maximum particle size of 1mm, and also suitable for substances with the maximum particle size of 7mm, but not suitable for substances with the particle size of larger than 7mm; and the test result may not be ideal for some substances with high clay content. The flow table vibration detection instrument comprises a flow table (1), wherein a frame (4) is fixed on a base (5); the frame is provided with a vertical shaft (2); the flow table is fixed on the upper end of the vertical shaft; an input shaft (7) connected with a stepping motor (6) is provided with a cam (3); and the cam is connected with the vertical shaft. The product is used for detecting the water content and transportable moisture limit of fine particle substances, and the mobile moisture point under the action of vibratory force or cyclic force of the flow table.


The fanga is a dance taught throughout the United States to children in elementary music classes, students in African dance classes, teachers in multicultural workshops, and professional dancers in touring ensembles. Although the history of the fanga is a path overgrown with myth, this article offers information about the dance's origin, development, and dissemination. Also included is an introduction to Asadata Dafora, the first dancer to stage the fanga in the United States; an extensive examination of Pearl Primus and her role in adapting and popularizing the fanga; and a commentary on the period when the fanga moved into the elementary school classroom.


Controlling the pn‐type behavior of a semiconductor such as silicon by adding an extremely small quantity of an impurity (doping) is a central part of inorganic semiconductor electronics since the 20th century. Recent progress in the doping of organic semiconductors strongly suggests the advent of a new era of doped organic semiconductors. Here, the principles and effects of doping at the level of parts per million (ppm) in organic semiconductor films and single crystals are described, including descriptions of complete pn‐control, doping sensitization, ppm doping using an extremely low‐speed deposition technique reaching 10−9 nm s−1, and emerging ppm‐level doping effects, such as trap filling, majority carriers, homojunction formation, and decreased mobility, as well as ppm‐level doping effects in organic single crystals measured by the Hall effect, which shows a doping efficiency of 24%. The Wannier excitonic doping of organic single crystals possessing band conduction and the defect science of organic single crystals related to carrier trapping and scattering are introduced as a new scientific field. The dawn of organic single‐crystal electronics is also discussed.


This article investigates how representation attaches meaning to bodies, how certain bodies are categorically misrepresented and masked from normativity, and proposes a curriculum theory affording the agency of the misrepresented to de-mask invisibility. Brief historical narratives of three kinds of invisibility are presented as they are manifested in educational practice and visual culture – masking those deemed to occupy lesser physical bodies, lesser bodies of knowledge, and bodies lesser-than-normal. The author argues the relevance of art education as a transformative pedagogical practice that can inform and promote social significance, or what the author terms as in/di/visuality, the agency to reinterpret misrepresented physical or conceptual bodies. In the face of masking practices that unleash the squalls of invisibility and inequity throughout sites of curriculum practice and contemporary visual culture, the exercise of in/di/visuality acts as a watershed, displacing invisibility and affording a greater breadth of inclusion in educational concerns.


BACKGROUND
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease and the leading form of diabetes among young white people. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), a nontraditional biomarker of postprandial glycemic control (after 1 - 3 days to 2 weeks), may be useful in T1D screening. We studied serum 1,5-AG concentration as a potential biomarker for T1D screening and diagnosis in adults and children.

METHODS
In this case-control study, adults (n = 121; age, 19 - 61 years) and children (n = 19; age, 8 - 14 years) with T1D were matched with healthy subjects (n = 242) according to gender and age. Serum 1,5-AG levels were measured enzymatically (GlycoMark Inc., NY, USA).

RESULTS
Patients showed no symptoms of overt kidney disease, assessed by serum creatinine concentrations. The median (25th - 75th percentile) 1,5-AG concentrations for the control group compared with the T1D group were 155 (128 - 183) vs. 21 (14 - 34) µmol/L in adults and 190 (158 - 237) vs. 20 (12 - 30) µmol/L in children (p < 0.001 for both). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that 1,5-AG cutoffs of ≤ 113 and ≤ 79 µmol/L for adult men and women, respectively, and ≤ 57 µmol/L for children of both genders had > 95% sensitivity and specificity for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that serum 1,5-AG concentration may be useful as an adjunct measure of hyperglycemia for diagnosing T1D and has the potential to screen for T1D in high-risk subjects.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Identification of regions with high rates of extra-regional travel (ERT) for urologic surgery can inform training and allocation of the urologic workforce. METHODS: We analyzed inpatient and ambulatory urologic surgeries for patients ≥18 years of age in the 2010-2014 Florida (FL) and North Carolina (NC) Ambulatory/Inpatient Surgery Databases. These databases capture 100% of ambulatory and inpatient procedures in their respective states. The primary outcome of this study was ERT, defined as surgery outside of the patient's Health Referral Region. Rates of ERT were compared for urolithiasis (UL), benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), cancer (CA), male reconstruction (MR), and female reconstruction (FR). High travel regions were defined as extra-regional travel in ≥50% of encounters for ≥2 surgery types. For regional data, quartiles were calculated individually for NC and FL. To identify travel to higher levels of care, analysis was stratified according to travel to an academic health center (AHC), defined as a member of the Association of Academic Health Centers. RESULTS: Analysis included 486,940 surgeries: UL (242,918), FR (102,532), BPH (67,194), CA (51,563), MR (22,733). Rates of ERT were highest for CA (25%) and MR (24%), compared to 13% for FR, 10% for UL, and 9% for BPH. Younger age, private insurance, and white race were associated with ERT across all surgery types. Regionally, poverty (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5 - 8.5, p<0.01) was associated with an increased likelihood of high travel region. Excluding patients traveling to an AHC, poverty (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9 - 11.0, p<0.001) and rural (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.4 - 8.0, p<0.01) were associated with an increased likelihood of high travel region. CONCLUSIONS: CA and MR surgery are associated with high rates of ERT. Rural and poor regions are associated with high ERT across multiple surgery types. Efforts to improve access to urologic surgery should focus on CA and MR surgery in poor and rural regions. Figure. No caption available. Source of Funding: None


The purpose of this study was to obtain the ratio of pumpkin and seaweed which was selected in the manufacture of jelly candy according to chemical and organoleptic quality. This research was conducted by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments in this study were LKRL1 (ratio of pumpkin:seaweed 66:34), LKRL2 (pumpkin of ratio:seaweed 58:42), LKRL3 (pumpkin of ratio:seaweed 50:50), LKRL4 (pumpkin of ratio:seaweed 42:58), and LKRL5 (ratio of pumpkin: seaweed 34:66). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. The results showed that the use of yellow squash and seaweed significantly affected water content, ash content, reducing sugar content and sensory rating. The selected treatment from this research was LKRL4 which has moisture content 23.69%, ash content 1.77%, reducing sugar content 8.67% and fiber content 0.88%. While the sensory assessment was descriptive ie brownish, slightly scented pumpkin, sweet taste, chewy texture and favored by panelists.


In this paper, the dysentery dynamics model with controls is theoretically investigated using the stability theory of differential equations. The system is considered as SIRSB deterministic compartmental model with treatment and sanitation. A threshold number is obtained such that indicates the possibility of dysentery eradication in the community while represents uniform persistence of the disease. The Lyapunov–LaSalle method is used to prove the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium. Moreover, the geometric approach method is used to obtain the sufficient condition for the global stability of the unique endemic equilibrium for . Numerical simulation is performed to justify the analytical results. Graphical results are presented and discussed quantitatively. It is found out that the aggravation of the disease can be decreased by using the constant controls treatment and sanitation.


The uniplanar compact photonic bandgap (UC-PBG) metamaterial structure has been profitably used for antenna miniaturization and radiation enhancement purposes. This paper presents an additional way to exploit it, when it is employed as ground plane for microstrip antennas. As a matter of fact, if a proper number of UC-PBG unit cells is selected, the antenna bandwidth can be remarkably increased. Such a behavior is here presented in dealing with a classical square patch antenna.


With the widespread use of film transistors, amorphous oxide thin films have excellent transparency and conductivity, stable performance, smooth and smooth surface, easy to etch and large-area preparation, are compatible with existing processes, and do not require subsequent annealing to simplify the process. Process and other advantages have been applied to many fields such as thin film transistors. The principle of the amorphous oxide is basically the same as that of the crystalline state, Magnetron sputtering technology can prepare super-hard films, corrosion-resistant friction films, superconducting films, magnetic films, optical films, and various films with special functions. It is widely used in the field of industrial film preparation. This article focuses on the principle and characteristics of magnetron sputtering technology for electronic materials, the development history of magnetron sputtering technology and its development trend.


entrepreneurial activity. Regulatory and legal guarantees of entrepreneurial activity enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine are being worked out. The exercise of a person's constitutional freedom to engage in entrepreneurial activity is a step-by-step implementation in lawful behavior by participants in entrepreneurial legal relations of legally established agreements andresponsibilities that contribute to obtaining material and spiritual benefits in the field of production, performance of work, provision of services and trade, etc.The importance of consideration of the constitutional guarantee of the right to entrepreneurial activity is determined byseveral reasons, in particular: the legislative framework of Ukraine in the field of economic legal relations is determined by some irregularity and inconsistency, and needs modernization; and the current state of implementation of the constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity is unsatisfactory. In view of this, there is an urgent need for scientific awareness of the effectivelegislative mechanism for the implementation of constitutional guarantees for entrepreneurial activity. The support of the state in the exercise of a person's constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity should be implemented through a positive influence on the formation of guarantees of this right, therefore, it is necessary to include the entire complex of legal means in order to ensure that the state bodies comply with the necessary conditions for the effective implementation of the right that belongs to a person and a citizen.The guarantees of the right to entrepreneurial activity provided for in the Constitution of Ukraine are sometimes normative in nature. First of all, this is due to the fact that the normative legal acts specifying the Constitution of Ukraine contain some inconsistencies and gaps.Regarding the fixing of these guarantees at the constitutional level, the right to entrepreneurial activity shows that it is necessary to allocate a block dedicated to the economic sphere, which will form a systemic influence on the content ofcurrent legislation and an applied mechanism for the implementation of such guarantees. The issue of the creation of agreements by the state for the appropriate functioning of entrepreneurial activity is inseparable from the understanding and legal support that must be played in the implementation of guarantees of entrepreneurship, for which іn effective legal mechanism for managing the economy and creating the conditions for engaging in entrepreneurial activity is necessary; and the creation of separate directions and criteria for achieving and ensuring the right of citizens to entrepreneurial activity.


Very little is known about the oxidations produced by hemolytic streptococci. Fujita and Kodama (1935) reported on the oxidation of glucose by Streptococcus hemolyticus and (because it lacked cytochrome and was cyanide insensitive) concluded that the respiration was catalyzed by Warburg and Christian's (1932) yellow ferment (phosphoriboflavin protein). Farrell's paper (1935) need not be discussed. He simply observed the reduction of a dye (indigotetrasulfonate) in the absence of oxygen, and from those observations drew conclusions on "dehydrogenations." The orientation of the reaction of an oxidizable substance may differ in the presence and in the absence of oxygen (for example, pyruvic acid, which is oxidized in the presence of oxygen, may split by disputation in the absence of oxygen); reversible dyes may inhibit a dismutation in the absence of oxygen (Krebs (1937)); and, finally, these dyes may act as mediators of coupled oxidation-reductions, the dye being alternately reduced and oxidized. In such cases the observer would conclude by stating that no "dehydrogenation" took place. The species of bacteria grouped under the name hemolytic streptococci are of extreme interest. So far the group has defied classification by fermentation tests (Burger, 1907; Kendall, Day, Walker and Ryan, 1919; McClachlan, 1927). The rate of glucose breakdown by different strains of streptococci was also found to vary greatly when the bacteria were grown in broth containing glucose and phosphate (Hewitt, 1932). A study of the oxidations produced by seven strains of hem-


This research conducts both experimental evaluation and resident's assessment of zero food waste system (ZFWS) in multifamily housing estates in order to explore the feasibility of ZFWS embedded in fermentation and extinction technology utilizing wood chips turned into fertilizer. Having been established in a multifamily housing estate, ZEFWS was proved to be functional and effective. During the 3-month experimental period, the weight between infused food waste and its reactor was reduced significantly enough, and the chemical analysis showed that the concentration of organic compounds went from 87.9% to 75.8%, H2O decreased from 69.7% to 45.5%, NaCl rose from 0.2% to 0.5%, pH increased from 4.6 to 7.8, and ATP escalated from 505.3 nmol/L to 723.5 nmol/L. Also, the chemical analysis of the output in the experimentation indicated adequacy of the organic fertilizer. In the self-administered questionnaire survey for residents participating in the field project, almost all the respondents viewed that ZFWS can compete with conventional food waste disposal methods and an idealistic way to upcycling food waste into fertilizer.


The appearance of terms, which are analogous to ones required for symmetry breaking, in Lagrangian of Ref. [1] is shown to be caused by gauge invariance of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and by inaccuracy of the cited author in the choice of canonical variables. These terms do not have physical significance within modern quantum electrodynamics. PACS: 03.50.De, 04.20.Cv, 04.20.Fy, 11.10.Ef.


The effects of salinity and temperature on zygote's hatching rate of Scapharca subcrenata,as well as the growth of larvae are described.The result shows that the best temperature for hatching zygotes ranges from 25℃ to 30℃,and the hatching speed is positive to the increasing of temperature.The suitable salinity is from 18 to 30.In the range of 18~26,the hatching rate is a positive correlation with the salinity,and also the rate of abnormality is no significant differences.For the development of larvae,the adaptive temperature is 25 to 30℃,the optimal salinity from 20 to 25 when the temperature and salinity are both suitable,their interaction is not significantly different,but when one of them is on the utmost,the interaction is significantly different,meanwhile for the growth of the larvae,the ranges of the temperature and salinity are wider than those of the zygotes.


The focus of the present paper is on the importance and significance of interculturality in teacher education. The paper analyzes the intercultural content of the curricula to develop the intercultural competencies of future teachers in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample analyzed was the curricula of the universities of these two countries for the academic year 2018-2019. The analysis of the chosen documents examined the areas of teaching, content, as well as other elements that represent possible opportunities for developing the intercultural competencies of the students. The analyzed curricula do not offer an insight into the results of the teaching practice, which is one of the limitations of this study.  The findings on the poor ratio of intercultural elements in the curricula and the need for their revision, as well a necessity of introducing systematic intercultural education to teacher colleges and universities of education are a valuable contribution. Competent teachers will create a positive environment for proper intercultural communication and develop the intercultural sensitivity of their students thus promoting a culture of dialogue. The result obtained in the analysis can be an incentive to think thorough when creating curricula for educating teachers, both in initial and life-long learning so that they promote intercultural values.


A UV-curable water-based polyurethane acrylate prepolymer was synthesized with isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI),polyethylene glycol(PEG400),2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid(DMPA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA) as main materials,and then neutralized with triethanolamine and in-situ introduced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs) treated by concentrated nitric acid to form a UV-curable waterborne polyurethane/carbon nanotubes(WPU/CNTs) composite emulsion.A polyurethane composite coating was obtained from the WPU/CNTs composite emulsion by curing and crosslinking after the addition of photoinitiator.The electrical and mechanical properties of the composite coating was studied,and the microstructure was analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the CNTs were well dispersed in the polyurethane film.When the mass fraction of CNTs is 0.6%,The composite coating features a tensile strength of 15.54 MPa,breaking elongation of 31.27%,adhesion of 0-1 grade,and cantilever beam impactstrength of 10.37 kJ/m2.The coating has semiconductive properties and can be used as an antistatic material.


The primary design of a missile control system is commonly derived from a linearized model of that system. Gain selection is accomplished by examining both the performance and the relative stability of the linear representation of the system at various operating conditions given by incidence angles, mach number and flight altitude. Most often, classical phase and gain margins are used as measures of relative stability. The linearized model assumes the linearity of hardware comprising the guidance loop and the missile dynamics. The reliability of the linearization assumptions determines the robustness and performance of the primary design. This paper is devoted for the study of the linearization assumptions evaluation. A typical command guidance system is considered as a case study. In spite of the nonlinear behavior of the various subsystems comprising the guidance system, the guidance-commands limiters are assumed the only nonlinear elements in the guidance loop due to their obvious direct effect on the guidance process. Computation analysis shows that the effect of these limiters appears only during the early guidance period which does not exceed 5 percent of the entire flight time. The missile dynamics nonlinearities are also studied. A comparison between the results of the six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear model and the linearized model is carried out. Comparison shows that the linear dynamical model can be relied-on in cases where sudden target maneuver or sudden variation of flight environmental conditions are not considered. However, during steady guidance periods, the linear model results can be fairly adopted. INTRODUCTION Guided missile systems are generally nonlinear systems. The nonlinear behavior is caused by the nonlinearity of parts of the hardware and the nonlinearity of the equations of the missile motion [1][3]. For nonlinear systems, the concept of the transfer function is not valid. Thus, most of the linear control system design and analysis techniques are not applicable. Therefore; the theoretical design and analysis of missile control systems require certain assumptions. A traditional assumption is one of the hardware linearity i.e.; electronic systems, missile servos, measuring devices, and equations of motion. Indeed, linearity is a necessary constraint for one to use Laplace operator method to analyze the system response [1]. * Ass. Prof., Radar and Guidance Dpt., Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt. Proceedings of the 8th ASAT Conference, 4-6 May 1999 Paper GC-01 1002 The general method of designing a missile control system is to consider a typical speed or mach number and flight height. A set of aerodynamic derivatives for zero incidence can be considered in the system design with the assumption that the missile is exercised through small perturbations about zero incidence. Obviously, the control system is designed to meet a specific steady state and transient behavior. A small incidence is then assumed and all the calculations are repeated. The calculations are repeated many times for different combinations of incidence angle, mach number, and height. If the design is satisfactory at all these points, then it is satisfactory at all the intermediate points. The effect of varying C.G. position, mass, and inertia is finally considered [1], [6], [8] and [9]. After the theoretical design of the control system is established, accurate theoretical analysis of that system is initiated. For large nonlinear systems, the analytical analysis is an elaborate task. computer numerical simulation is thus considered the practical tool for the designed system evaluation, analysis, and development[1]. For an accurate estimation of the complete system behavior , the six-degree-of -freedom motion for the missile has to be considered. As well, accurate representation of the individual components that comprises the guidance loop should be involved. In situations where the practical experimentation is an expensive process, extreme accuracy in the system simulation is required. In this case, parts of the system that are hard to model mathematically, are physically inserted in the simulation model. The simulation model-in that caseis known as hardware-in-the-loop model [7]. On the other hand, the design of lateral autopilot is based on lateral channels decoupling (yaw and pitch). Then, the roll channel is designed separately [11. This decoupling facilitates dynamical equations linearization procedure. However, in a very recent work , a linearization procedure of the time invariant model for fully coupled, high angle of attack six-degree-of-freedom symmethcal missile in trim is presented [9]. The definition of trim is that the moments acting on the missile are zero and the time-rate of change of the incidc;nce angles is zero. In this paper, the linarization assumptions cited before are analyzed. The analysis is carried out on a command guidance system. The analysis of the present guidance system covers the system hardware and the dynamical equations of the missile flight. The system hardware involves many level-limitation nonlinearities. The effect of these nonlinearities is studied. As well, lineariztion of the equations of motion is considered. A comparison between the linear and nonlinear models is carried out. Except for the initial period, analysis reveals that, ignoring the nonlinear limitation of the guidance error signals is of minor importance since the error signals rarely exceed their limit level throughout the flight. This result is particular for the considered system and may not be valid for other systems. In the mean time, the linearized dynamical model of the missile motion can effectively be adopted in the prediction of the missile flight behavior as Target _0_, coordinates Guidance Station \ r guidance channel computer, —0 coding, and receiver Angular


The south central part of the basement of Burkina Faso which lies within the west African craton, comprises of granitic- gneissic complex in close association with lenticular masses of amphibolites possibly of Archaean age. Petrographic analysis indicates that these rocks were products of contact metamorphism of early basic volcanic rocks induced by surrounding Eburnean granite intrusions. Their geochemical features are consistent with oceanic low K tholeiite, emplaced within a back- arc basin basalts (BABB) setting during Eburnean orogeny (2200-2000 Ma). Field and radiometric data (Pb/Pb, Rb/Sr) suggest that amphibolites (2180+- 90 Ma) are older than calc-alkaline granitic plutons and dykes (2007+-39, 1935+-27 Ma), both units being of Palaeoproterozoic age. Keywords : Burkina Faso, amphibolites, tholeiite, Back- arc basin basalts, Palaeoproterozoic Global Journal of Geological Sciences Vol. 6 (1) 2008: pp. 9-22


This study conducted multiple regression analyses for such health-level indicators as EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, experiences of chronic diseases in like and obesity in order to identify impacts of the amount of walking activities, which was done in the last week, on them. The analysis data were obtained from the nation-wide survey data for health and nutrition examination in 2005. To identify the pure impacts of walking, the study controled other explanatory variables in the analysis models, which are known as risk factors for health, including individual and household characteristics such as sex, age, occupation, marriage, smoking, stress, etc. The results indicate that walking activity in daily life itself has significantly positive impacts on individual health status as much as or even more than other physical activities such as high-and middle-intensity exercises. In addition, individual adults who a little more walked in the last week are more contributed to increasing their health status than people conducting much more extensive walking, as compared to adults with no walking. However, as the term of walking activity more increases, probability to be obese tends to more decrease. The analysis results imply that walking is very an important factor in the field of transport planning in influencing public health as well as relieving social costs resulting from inordinate dependence of automobile on travel.


The article presents the characteristics of the financial security of the regional banking sector, examines the threats to the financial state of the banking system in the region. The author's methodology for conducting a point assessment of financial security is proposed, based on the indicative method and the use of the nor-malizing function, as well as the distribution of ratings depending on the points awarded for six security zones. The method is tested on the example of the Republic of Komi. Significant threats to the financial security of the region have been identified, and recommendations for their elimination have been proposed. The meth-odology is proposed to be used when the state authorities and the Bank of Russia monitor the state of the banking sector in the region.


THE CONCRETE INSTITUTE and its managing director, Bryan Perrie, have been around forever. At least, that's the way it feels. Even so, through its extensive library, the institute is a singular point of reference, a source of knowledge about anything concrete. It provides education and training through its School of Concrete Technology and offers advisory and consulting services through on-site investigations, trouble shooting and reporting. It has been a solution provider of note for many. In the road construction industry, the institute has worked closely with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS), the South African National Roads Agency Limited (Sanral) and the South African Roads Federation (SARF) for many years, and the South African Bitumen Association (Sabita), concrete's old competitor and new collaborator.


In this paper we report on the development of diffractive and refractive micro optical components devoted to MidIR applications. As a material we use a customized heavy metal oxide glasses with high transmission in the range 0.6÷6.0μm. Optimization of the glass composition in four- and five-component oxide systems for a broadband transmission window is difficult due to their excessive crystallization susceptibility. Several metals and alloys were tested for their suitability as a stamping medium. Optimal performance was obtained for selected brass and steel stamps, as well as for pure silica stamps. As a technology testboard we have developed 1D and 2D diffractive gratings with a minimum feature size of 5μm as well as Fresnel microlenses with a diameter of 200μm. The quality of the embossed elements was verified by comparison of the master and replicated elements using a non-contact white light interferometer.


Diplomatics, the analysis of medieval charters, is a major field of research in which paleography is applied. Annotating data, if performed by laymen, needs validation and correction by experts. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient annotation approach for charter segmentation, essentially reducing it to object detection. This approach allows for a much more efficient use of the paleographer's time and produces results that can compete and even outperform pixel-level segmentation in some use cases. Further experiments shed light on how to design a class ontology in order to make the best use of annotators' time and effort. Exploiting the presence of calibration cards in the image, we further annotate the data with the physical length in pixels and train regression neural networks to predict it from image patches.


While collaborative learning among teachers is encouraged and practised in many schools today, the process of learning through 'communities of practice' may involve 'sensemaking' rather than critical reflective learning. This paper argues that sensemaking in a community of practice utilises a restricted form of reflective learning that is largely technical in nature and confined to immediate practice concerns. It is further argued that the quality of learning will be significantly enhanced by encouraging practitioners to engage in critical reflective learning where reflection is implicit and intuitive in nature, and general and contextual in scope and object.


The origin and provenance of eolian sediments such as loess can potentially reveal paleo-air circulation directions that drive temporal changes in climate. The provenance of these deposits has been mostly assessed by detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and remains debated. Recent studies reveal that constraining sediment provenance using only detrital zircon yields a restricted view of the overall sediment sources, because zircon commonly records high-temperature tectonothermal events and thus only represents a portion of provenance lithologies. We applied a new strategy for constraining the provenance of eolian sediments from the Chinese Loess Plateau—Earth's most extensive loess deposit—by using a multi-proxy (i.e., zircon, monazite and rutile) U/Th-Pb geochronology approach. We show that while zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotopic data cannot conclusively discriminate the potential sources, monazite and rutile grains display dominant U/Th-Pb age peaks in the early Paleozoic, early Mesozoic, and late Cenozoic, mirroring the orogenic episodes of the northeast Tibetan Plateau. Monazite and rutile records also reveal spatial variability in sediment provenance between the western and central parts of the Chinese Loess Plateau, which is potentially affected by dust transport from westerly/northwesterly winds. Our integrated data set provides diagnostic constraints on the dust source, provenance variability, and transportation trajectory of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and highlights the importance of this new approach to provenance study of eolian deposits worldwide.


International comparisons are never easy and they are not perfect. But PISA shows what is possible in education and it helps countries to see themselves in the mirror of student performance and educational possibilities in other countries. This article summarises key policy insights from PISA. It highlights how excellence and improving equity need not be conflicting policy objectives, but that they tend to be jointly achieved only when deliberate policies are in place that match resources with needs and when stratification and grade repetition are contained. The article also shows how a number of countries have been able to raise learning outcomes and moderate the impact of social background in the last decade and highlights some of the policies and practices that characterise these countries.


The world is facing a dangerous pandemic and it is a transmissible virus that infects people who came in contact with the infected person and with the things used by them. Many industries see huge economic losses, and businesses are going ruined. Although, unlock process is started still many industries facing problems due to the increasing rate of Covid positive patients, it is not possible to close working after the detection of individual positive employees. Also, it is difficult to find contacted employees with Covid positive employees. .It became a challenging task to find out how many people came in contact with the infected people. So, to make this process somehow easy we have designed a small device. In this paper, we have described the smart pendent a small device that helps to detect how many people come in contact with the coronavirus infected person. It is a wearable RF device in the form factor of a Pendant, suitable for powering a smart Rf device. An experimental comparison between multistage Cockcroft-Walton and Dickson RF-DC converters shows that the Dickson topology offers higher efficiency at high input power, whereas the Cockcroft- Walton converter performs better for low input power. The pendant can produce up to 23.2 µW at 10.4 m from a commercial isotropic 3 W RF power transmitter.


The common-market project, that after World War II aimed to prevent future wars among European Nations, evolved through crises into a complicated and unstable set of European Union policies and institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine reinforced coordination and added common debt issuance to the supranational policy toolkit. But the NextGenEU program relies heavily on government subsidies rather than on market incentives, and Russia's invasion of Ukraine shows that economic integration can at most move the boundaries of war to those of the integrated economic area, rather than of Nations. These developments weaken the crucial role of integrated markets as the principal instrument for growth, cohesion, stability, and peace in Europe.


In this talk I will argue that emotional reactions to sounds can be both constant and vary between different cultures. A model of sound perception that was developed by Chalmers room acoustics group, the Emotional Reaction Model (ERM) will be reviewed. The ERM predicts that emotional reactions to auditory events can be both elicited by 1) certain form features (eg. a steep rise time, a loud sound, a rough sound) and 2) content features (eg. the qualitative experience of the sound source; the loud, rough sound is a tiger roaring). The influence of form features are expected to be rather constant across people and cultures, while content features are expected to vary more between people. Empirical evidence supporting these predicitions will be reviewed and the implications for our understanding sound perception will be discussed.


Adapting the ancient music to the taste of modern ears has become a latest trend in contemporary music.As the ancient Chinese instrument,chime bells has been in the focus ever since it was unearthed more than two thousands years agoi in Zenghouyi tomb.Through grave efforts,people nowadays already master the performing techniques and a series of works of chime bells were composed,among which the symphony1997,heaven.erath.human composed by Tan Dun is one of the most outstanding.By analyzing this work,the author discusses and proves in the modern aesthetic appreciation of the chime music.


fluttering visual patterns of ballet, and I think that is basically what I've done in theater: architectural landscapes that are structured."70 Similarly, critics occasionally (but rarely) point to his explicit reliance on Busby Berkeley, and the Ziegfried Follies are mentioned.71 The volume documenting his "Letter to Queen Victoria" is typical in denying that he is writing plays: "The language of Queen Victoria is 'throwaway,' devoid of content."72 Again, Wilson often calls his pieces "operas" even when they rely on declamation, not singing. This leads critics to refer repeatedly to Wagner's "Gesamtkunstwerk," linking Wilson with another misunderstood genius, who created a new stage form, unifying all the arts in a new way. Marranca cited Wagner to emphasize that a Wilson performance is "a spiritualized state of clairvoyance," relying on mysticism, illusion (39), and "universal archetypes" (40). This is theatre as assemblage art. Words are used merely for their sound and music value; language is complete "throwaway" and meaningless in content. Grounded in an aesthetic of dissonance, the production begins and ends with screams (aural tableaux that complement visual tableaux);... Just as Queen Victoria is founded on movement minus time 6sSylv&re Lotringer, "Bob Wilson: Es gibt eine Sprache, die universell ist," in New Yorker Gesprdche (Berlin: Merve Verlag, 1983): 39-40. 'See the history of production in David Stansbury, "getting to A ... (is very complicated)," 3rd Coast (December 1986), 84. 67Olive Graham, "Robert Wilson: Avante Garde Artist (An Interview)." 6Ibid. 69Sylvere Lotringer, "Bob Wilson: Es gibt eine Sprache, die universell ist," 39. 70Quoted in Michael Walsh, "A Tree Grows and Grows," 85. 71Franco Quadri referred to this about DD&D II in the introduction to the text of the German section of the CIVIL warS, 17. 72Bonnie Marranca, The Theater of Images, xiv. This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Fri, 07 Oct 2016 06:03:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 30 / Katherine Arens and character minus personality, sound has no meaning. ... words lack signifying structures ...


In this study, we examine how socially subordinated — or subaltern— actors may organize with dominant actors to create and institutionalize a new organizational form that addresses a complex social...


Although many researchers have focused on the attributes of a product that affect brand equity, this study focuses on the attributes of the consumer that affect brand equity. More specifically, the current study examines how a variety of golfer personality characteristics affect the equity they assign to various brands of golf equipment. The results of the survey showed that as golfers are more skilled, they are willing to pay a higher premium for their preferred driver. This may be because golfers who are more skilled tend to take the sport more seriously and will probably have no problem spending more money on their favorite brands. Results also showed that as golfers get older, they will show more brand equity. Older people often have more money. It is also possible that more experience will result in an individual sticking with their brand of choice because they know it works and have used that brand for a long time. An obvious limitation to the study was the use of archival data for the majority of the personality characteristics data. While most of the characteristics that were chosen for the study are relatively stable traits, some can fluctuate over time. It is argued that self-esteem is a malleable characteristic that changes over time (Heatherton & Polivy 1991). BRAND EQUITY AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS 4 Table of


Purpose: To evaluate the use of sodium hyaluronate in reattachment of detached Descemet's membrane after phacoemulsification. Material and Methods: Five eyes of five patients with non planar Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) during phacoemulsification from 2006 till 2012 are included in this interventional case series. Planar DMD cases were excluded from the study. This study was conducted at DHQ Hospital Vehari. There were four females and one male with the age range of 65 to 75 years with mean age of 70 years. Results: All eyes got reattachment of non planar DMD with intracameral injection of Sodium Hyaluronate. Descemet's membrane remained attached in all the subsequent visits till 12 months post-operatively. The average time for the corneal decompensation to resolve was 24 to 48 hours. All the patients had raised intra ocular pressure (average 31-35 mm Hg) within the first 24 hours which was managed with a single Mannitol injection and topical beta blockers for one week. In one of the patients intracameral Sodium Hyaluronate (Provisc) had to be repeated after 21 days. Post-operative BCVA of 6/9 to 6/6 was achieved at 6 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: If Non planar extensive Descemet's membrane detachment is noted during phacoemulsification then limited manipulation helps in preventing aggravation of the problem. After surgery identifying the degree of DMD and intracameral injection of Sodium Hyaluronate re-attaches the DMD.


During the teaching of college physics,the flexible choices about inertial reference frame,non inertial reference frame,center-of –mass reference frame,can not only simplify problem,but also promote shtudent s' innovative thinking.


Percentage of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis treatment failure is 22,6 % in the world and is approximately 12 % according to the official statistics in Zaporizhzhia. Aim. To establish anamnestic, clinical-radiographic and laboratory features of the tuberculosis course in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis treatment failure. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 88 patient`s histories who were treated at the Zaporizhzhia Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary in 2013-2015 years was carried out. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 49 patients with treatment failure (TF) have been included into 1st group, 39 people who successfully completed the course of therapy (NDTB) were in the 2nd group. Results. It was found that 63,3 % of TF patients carried fluorography untimely and 26,6 % have not been inspected more than 5 years, p˂0,05. Infiltrative (55,1 %) and disseminative (34,7 %) tuberculosis clinical forms in TF patients prevailed in the structure of the lung lesions. Approximately 90 % of TF patients had lung lesion volume more than one lobe or both of the lungs (p˂0,001) with the presence of several or multiple destructions in 79 % of patients with a size greater than 3 cm in 56 % of patients compared with the fact, that 46 % of patients with NDTB limited tuberculosis diagnosed with single or several destructions with sizes up to 3 cm in 86 % cases, p˂0,05. When TF percentage of patients with massive bacterial excretion prevailed, p˂0,05. In the presence of drug resistance in 70 % polyresistance determined, whereas 26 % of NDTB bacterial excretion was determined only by culture methods and in resistance cases it was monoresistance in 67% patients. Terms of bacteriological conversion at TF were 6,3 ± 0,2 months and greater than 6 months in 30,6 % of patients. Destruction not healed in 85,4 % of patients, but in most cases, their sizes did not exceed 2 cm at the end of treatment. Long terms of bacteriological conversion and destructions healing in TF patients demonstrate the necessity for long-term etiotropic therapy in patients with smear-massive bacterial excretion and disseminative destructive tuberculosis. The low proportion of destructions healing in these patients determines searchings' for ways to the timely surgical and complex pathogenetic treatment.


Key issues in software development support for Ambient Intelligence and Ubiquitous Computing are briefly discussed; special requirements in the context of Ambient Assisted Living are discussed.


Noble metals, usually platinum or palladium, supported on titania are commonly used to improve the effectiveness of photocatalyst in decomposing aqueous solutions of organic compounds. 0.5 and 2% platinum supported on TiO2 (P25 – Degussa) and 10% TiO2 supported on SiO2 appeared to be very active in powerful oxidation of Tritons, nonionic surfactants, dissolved in water. A platinum-promoted photocatalyst was by about 20% more active than TiO2 alone. Titania supported on silica makes Pt/TiO2/SiO2 photocatalyst reusable because it can be very easily separated from aqueous solution after decomposition process


The Medieval Inquisition operated in a landscape of bodies and souls, and in its early years (from its foundation in 1478 to the Reformation), the Spanish Inquisition occupied a similarly dualist terrain. However, the Inquisition could hardly remain isolated from the intellectual changes operating in Spanish society in the sixteenth century, the changes which make us recognize a shift from the medieval to the early modern. The broadest and most fundamental change in this outlook was an increasing secularization of society*the expansion of spheres of society and human experience which were understood to be directly governed by man and reason, rather than God. As the centuries passed, the Inquisition would seem to represent an anomaly, a holdout in this secularizing trend. However, if we examine Inquisition files from the midsixteenth through the seventeenth centuries*after the initial wave of persecutory fervor which characterized the Inquisition in its ''first period''*we find that the Inquisitional process itself was struggling to incorporate and adapt the framework inherited from its medieval predecessor to new beliefs. In particular, I will examine the treatment of insanity in several cases, to show how the emergence of ''mental disorder'' as an accepted, albeit not very well-articulated or defined, category destabilized an institution only equipped to deal with heretical souls and punishable bodies. While the classical scholars understood madness as humoral, supernatural, or passionate (of or related to the passions), in medieval times these three were all subordinated to a larger Christian narrative. Whether its effects were manifested in body, speech, mood, or will, madness was a sign of a disequilibrium with Satan's fall from heaven and man's fall from grace. As Allan Thiher writes in Revels in Madness: Insanity in Medicine and Literature, during the medieval period, it was believed that ''all disease can be interpreted in moralistic and teleological terms . . . madness must ultimately be an expression of some divine purpose'' (46 7). The prominent historian of madness Roy Porter confirms that this was as true of medieval patients as medieval doctors; the ''insanity defense'' was unlikely to be invoked because an early modern man who experienced a lack of control over his thoughts, speech, and body was likely to ascribe his own suffering to an ''indication of sin, diabolical possession, or a lost soul'' (21). Thus while the ''insanity defense'' dates back to Roman law, it was in medieval times almost never invoked or granted in medieval courts (secular or ecclesiastic). It was the medieval Catch-22; the only person who could conceivably avail him or herself of the insanity defense was an individual so evidently devoid of reason (the furiosi or the mente capti) that he/she would never be put on trial in the first place. Local townspeople and priests made the decision of who among them was criminally responsible, who was possessed, and who was mad; the decision to prosecute someone for a crime meant that a diagnosis by consensus had already been made. H. C. Erik Midelfort traces the development of gradations of legal responsibility back to thirteenth-century medieval canonists, but until there arose strong centralized judicial institutions whose officials were trained in such elite discourse, and whose structure permitted an accused to formulate and argue a defense, these gradations remained in the realm of the theoretical Dale Shuger


A photoacoustic spectroscopic method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of metal ions. It consists in solvent extraction, evaporation of the solvent and photoacoustic measurement on the solid film residue in a gas-microphone cell. Sub-nanogram detection limits have been achieved, together with linear dynamic ranges over 2–3 orders of magnitude, for Cd, Co, Ni, Pd, Sb and Tl using a 17-mW continuous-wave He-Ne laser. The method is sensitive and generally applicable to all species which can be determined in relatively large amounts by conventional extraction-absorption spectrophotometry.


The article considers the role of national periodicals in the context of national cultural values, which exist in the media. The author considers the problem of social and ethno-cultural identity as a factor in forming the image of the nation.


It is a momentous venture to attempt to frame an hypothesis of the universe. But if we reflect upon the meaning of life, we are forced to make such an effort. The only way we can escape the responsibility is to be guilty of the great refusal—the refusal to think. If we frame an hypothesis, it should be such as to assign the proper significance to all the facts of human experience—not merely the physical facts, but the biological and mental as well; not merely our scientific interests, but our æsthetic, ethical, and religious interests as well. And it should do so in the simplest possible way. It would be futile and impossible to examine all possible solutions. Henri Poincaré proved long ago that if there is one explanation of a class of phenomena, there are an infinite number of explanations.


A quantum-mechanical simulation method of charge transport in very small semiconductor devices is presented that is based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (coupled self-consistently to the Poisson equation to determine the electrostatic potential in the device). Carrier transport is considered within the effective mass approximation, while the effects of the electron-phonon interaction are included in an approximation that is consistent with the results of the perturbation theory and gives the correct two-point time correlation function. Numerical results for the transient behaviour of a planar ultrasubmicrometer three-dimensional GaAs MESFETs (gate length of 26 nm) are also presented. They indicate that extremely fast gate-step response times (switching times) characterize such short-channel GaAs devices. >


The paper considers a class of nonlinear differential equations which are not solvable in quadratures in general case. The author's technology for solving such equations contains six problems. In this article, the solution to one of these problems is given, a real area in which it is possible to calculate an analytical approximate solution in the case of an approximate value of a moving singular point is obtained. Obtained results are based on the application of elements of differential calculus in finding estimates for the approximate solution error. Theoretical provisions are confirmed by numerical calculations, which characterize their reliability.


In 2000, respectively 2003 the Czech Republic finis hed the first and the second stage of public administration reform, which is clo sely linked with the issue of public financing, especially the financing of municipaliti es. This thesis analyzes the problematic aspects of the financing of municipalit ies in the Czech Republic in terms of the status of municipalities in the political syste m. Municipal budgets are the means by which local governments fulfil their objectives, po licies and ensure the development of their municipalities. It is a highly topical issue. Political leaders of local authorities are not due to play the differing roles and provide dif ferent level of public services, united in the opinion of the form of financing of local bu dgets. Municipalities do not have such a strong unified voice in ensuring its priorities. These different interests are reflected in the programs of political parties. The question of financing municipalities would probably disintegrated ODS and TOP 09 together with STAN in the coalition in cas of the absence of other contradictions. The issue of l ocal governement funding goes beyond the scope of political science. It is multid isciplinary, interdisciplinary topic. In order to grasp and research the topic from politica s ience perspective, it is necessary to outline the economic and legal context and the posi tion of local governments in the democratic establishment of the Czech Republic in w hich the local governments articulate the interests and preferences of individ ual citizens. The above mentioned problems could not be analyzed without recognition of the facts that ultimately determine the decision of local politicians.


The present invention relates to biological sampling device of the fish. The device (1) has a tip portion (4), the bending portion (3), consisting of at least one hook having a shank (2). The tip is made of non-flexible material tube having a sharpened end (5), the lumen of the tube includes a plurality of barbs optional. The tube has an opening at a position away from the sharpened end; the bend portion is formed from a flexible material. The present invention also relates to a method of obtaining a biological collection material from fish using the apparatus described above.


Many online courses fail to promote the active construction of student knowledge or camaraderie among student peers. Accordingly, online course designers and instructors are challenged to promote purposeful peer student dialogue and establish a sense of belonging where all learners perceive themselves as stakeholders in the course community. Online role playing is not a common activity, and electronically networked jigsaw role plays appear to be rarer still. In this article, we describe the transition of a face-to-face jigsaw role-play exercise to a primarily asynchronous graduate-level online course in education. Data collected from various sources suggest that students enjoyed online role play and valued it as a learning experience. We conclude with reflections, lessons learned, and future plans as we continue to explore the challenges and benefits of online role-play in graduate level online courses that serve adult professionals.


The article contains sections titled:

1. Introduction
2. Areas and Levels for Energy Management
2.1. Areas
2.2. Levels
3. Good Housekeeping
4. Audits, Monitoring, and Control
4.1. Energy Audits
4.2. Monitoring and Control
4.3. Energy Usage and Production Levels
4.4. Batch Processes
4.5. Advanced Monitoring and Control Systems
5. Heat Recovery
5.1. Process Design for Heat Recovery
5.2. Types of Heat Exchanger
5.3. Equipment Design
5.4. Example: Optimum Duty of a Waste-Heat Boiler
6. Distillation
6.1. Column Design
6.2. Methods of Increasing Energy Efficiency
6.3. Control and Operation of Columns
6.4. Column Improvements-Internals
6.5. Column Improvements-Control Systems
6.6. New Column Designs
7. Drying
7.1. Energy Efficiency of Dryers
7.2. Operation and Control of Convective Dryers
7.3. Heat Recovery from Convective Dryers
7.4. Microwave and Radio-Frequency Drying
7.5. Hybrid Dryers for Batch Processes
8. Process Design
8.1. Less Energy-Intensive Process Conditions
8.2. Improved Conversions


"Talking about Exams. Discursive Identities of Romanian Youtubers. The main objective of the present study is to analyse the construction of discursive identity on YouTube in young youtubers' talks about preparing for the A-level exam. Its theoretical framework is based on the socio-communicative model described by Patrick Charaudeau (1992, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006), using specifically the description of the construction of the speaker's identity. Thus, a model of analysis of Romanian youtubers' identities was developed. This model brings together in the discursive construction of the speaker's identity both the social identity and the discursive identity. With regard to the discursive identity, its components "credibility" and "gaining attention" were also analysed. Within each component, their specific attitudes were also analysed (Charaudeau 2009). The present research has been successful in outlining the way in which the speaker's identity is constructed within a specific communication situation. Keywords: discourse analysis, socio-communicational model of discourse, discursive identity, social networks, discursive organisation "


Methods to assess the safety of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) and further highly automated vehicles (HAV) are of paramount importance. There is a wide consensus that virtual testing will be part of them, as physical testing will not be even nearly exhaustive. Virtual testing requires models of the controlled vehicle, but also of the surrounding traffic, which for a long time will consist mainly of human-driven vehicles. Many driver and traffic models exist, but they are usually tailored for a specific situation or requirement. As the reaction of human drivers is affected by many different factors, like the traffic conditions, the time or the country, there is a need for a flexible structure which can be easily tuned to different situations. If we split the driver reaction in a decision and an actuation step, we argue that the actuation step can be represented by few stochastic actuation models which do not depend strongly on external factors. This paper shows such models and their performance with highway data both from China and Germany.


Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease with high mortality and disability rate. It caused the progressive air�ow obstruction along with the change of relevant soft tissue. Stretching could lengthen the shorten respiratory muscle and increase its �exibility. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of stretching on the COPD patients. Methods: The PRISMA guideline was used to perform the review. We searched on six online databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang Database) from inception until March 2022. The quality of the studies was appraised by PEDro scale. The pooled effect sizes of exercise capability, lung function parameters, dyspnea, psychological status and quality of life were reported. Result: Of 422 studies, 11 studies (424 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect size of the 6MWT showed statistical difference between stretching group and the control group (P<0.00001). Among the lung function parameters, only respiratory rate (RR) and expiratory time (Te) showed superior statistical effect. The data about the psychological state, dyspnea and quality of life were too scant to conclude. Conclusion: Stretching seemed to have strong effectiveness on improving the exercise capacity, and the breathing temporal parameters could be changed through stretching.


The thin layer drying behavior of Psidium guajava L (guava fruit) cultivar Rayalaseema area AP, India, were studied experimentally to examine the influence of drying air temperature, slice thickness, and air velocity on the drying curves. Drying operation was carried out at 55 o C, 60 o C and 65 o C temperatures, at slice thickness of 2.5 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm at 1 and 1.5 m/sec velocities. The predominant falling rate drying regime was observed. The analysis reveals that, the drying temperature and slice thickness has a significant effect and velocity has a least effect on moisture removal. Drying rate is found to increase with the increase in air temperature and thus reduced the drying time. Drying time increases with increase in slice thickness. The various drying models in defining the suitability of drying behavior were examined by statistical analysis. The analysis reveals, that the Henderson and Pabis model is better model that explains the drying behavior of Guava Fruit (R 2 =0.993).


We have grown Cu (V) thin films on V (Cu) films deposited in high vacuum on crystalline substrates (mica) and studied them using ellipsometry to experimentally determine their optical properties. To analyze the optical properties of the system theoretically, several models were tested, starting from a simple Drude approximation and the classical oscillator model.


The purpose of the present note is to make a supplementary remark to our previous structural criteria for Frobeniusean and quasiFrobeniusean algebras. The criteria were used to extend the notions to general rings with minimum condition, but our present remark is primarily concerned with the case of algebras ratheh than rings with minimum condition. We show namely that in eacr of the criteria one half may be dropped in case of algebras. The result is applied to refine our previous result on residue-algebras. It may be sed also to show that our previous criteria of Frobeniuscan and quasi-Frobeniusean algebras in terms of duality of annihilation ideals may be reduced to one half too (in case of algebras, not rings with minimum condition); this, together with some other results, we shall reserve for a succeeding joint note by M. Ikeda and myself. Theorem 1. Let A be an algebra over a eld F, and N be its radica the left annihilator R l(N) of N being the largest fully reducible right ideal of A. Suppose, now, that A possesses a left unit element E and that ea,h right idea eR is irreducible and isomorphic to A/e N wher {e( = 1, 2, k)} is a mazinal


From prehistoric times until today, the «Macigno» sandstones from Matraia (MT) and Pian di Lanzola (LN) quarries were widely used as building material and decorative stones in the Garfagnana and Lunigiana areas (north-western Tuscany, Italy). A lot of stele statues, great parish churches, small country churches, street paving-stones and buildings in small mountain villages, architectural and ornamental pieces in great monumental buildings were built with these natural stones. From the geological point of view, the rocks from MT and LN are sandstones belonging to the «Macigno» Formation (Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene) that crop out extensively in the Northern Apennines of italy, from Pontremoli to the Chianti area, with some occurrences in the southern Tuscan region (Fig. 1). Chemical, mineralogical, petrographic and sedimentological features of the «Macigno» sandstones have been reported in several papers (Cipriani, 1958, 1961; Gazzi, 1965; Cipriani & Malesani, 1972; Valloni, 1978; Reutter et al., 1980; Deneke & Gutnther, 1981; Cipriani et al., 1985; Valloni et al., 1991; van de Kamp & Leake, 1995; Bargossi et al., 1998; Morandi & Tateo, 1998; Dinelli et al., 1999; Franzini et al., 2007) and a complete catalogue of publications on the Lunigiana «Macigno» sandstones can be found in the interesting monograph published by Di Battistini & Rapetti (2003). As one can deduce from the scientific literature, the «Macigno» sandstones generally consist of well-consolidated, fineto very coarse-grained, poorly to moderately sorted siliciclastic rocks made up of sub-angular detrital grains of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar, chlorite s.l., mica-like minerals (muscovite/illite and minor biotite), with minor amounts of rock fragments (< 10% by volume), including granites, felsic volcanites and metavolcanites, low to medium metamorphic-grade rocks, ophiolites, quartz veins, limestones and shales. Carbonates occur as both detrital clasts and authigenic


Suitable for administration paddy field herbicide, wherein said herbicide comprising as an sulphonylaminophenyluraciles of the general formula (I) represented by the active ingredient. Wherein RR and wherein as an active ingredient as defined above and sulphonylaminophenyluraciles herbicidal composition of one or more other herbicidal compounds.


The scarce data published on mite sensitization and mite‐allergen levels in Norway indicate that the mites may not be of the same importance in allergic disease in Norway as in countries such as the UK and the rest of Europe. The problem also involves the low allergen levels and small amounts of dust collected for allergen determination, and when the level is to be expressed as mg/g, the lower detection limit will often vary from sample to sample, giving within the same investigation results such as < 0.2 μg/g, < 0.5 μg/g, and even <2.0 μg/g. The use of allergen levels expressed instead per area (μg/m2) at least results in a uniform lower detection limit, making statistical analysis easier.


This paper investigates the rail service patterns by train class. The emphasis in intercity rail planning is to more efficiently use of existing station facilities. Rail transit operations are affected by the system layout and ridership patterns and by work rules. Operations are also influenced by past practices and the institutional setting. Main factors to decide train service patterns are the location, socioeconomic characteristics, land use and travel demand of the station. In this context, the travel demand of intercity rail station is of crucial significance. Tests on a KTX case shows that train service frequency can be efficiently decreased in weekday to transport the same passenger demand. The work has shown many subjects that need further research including various factors influencing on train frequency. This study serves the railroad authorities in planning and determining business strategy in the increasingly competitive environment of regional rail transport.


Structural adhesively bonded joints are frequently used in many areas spearheaded by the industries such as automotive, marine space, and aviation due to the great advantages they provide. Besides, load capacities of adhesively bonded joints which have different geometries, are generally determined experimentally. Being compatible of experimental and numerical analysis of adhesively bonded joints in the means of both load carrying capacity and displacement has a great importance. But, one of the most common problems in comparison of experimental and numerical analyses is in spite of the coherence of experimental and numerical analyses in load carrying capacity, it is observed that in the means of the displacement analysis, there is incompatibility between those analyses. In the present study, force-displacement curves of the single-lap cohesively bonded joints are obtained experimentally by using both strokes of two different tensile test machines which have identical calibrated load cells and video extensometer. Experimentally obtained result was compared with numerical analysis. In the experiments, AA2024-T3 aluminium and two-component Araldite 2015 were used as adherend and adhesive, respectively. As a result, there is considerable difference between the force-displacement curves of the single-lap overlap joints which obtained experimentally from stroke and video extensometer. Also, being new or old of the tensile test machines which have identical calibrated load cells varies the displacement curve of the joint. When the experimental data were compared with the results of the numerical analysis, it is concluded that, obtaining the force-displacement curves of joints by using video extensometer is more accurate.


A process is disclosed for separating phosphatidyl choline from or in a phosphatide mixture by extraction or enriching, in that (i) the phosphatide mixture is contacted under a 2 to 50 MPa pressure with (a) an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; (b) an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 16 carbon atoms; and (c) a gas selected among CO2, methane, ethane, N2 and mixtures thereof. The component (c) is used in such amounts that the resulting mixture has at least two phases, one of which is a gaseous phase. The gaseous phase is (ii) separated and the phosphatides contained therein are recovered.


OBJECTIVE
Investigate the Accu-Chek II and visual Chemstrip bG methods for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) screening under field conditions with the aid of local providers.

METHODS
Compare simultaneous random Chemstrip bG, Accu-Chek II and plasma glucose levels using a 6.7 mM cut-off, followed by a 75 gram 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test while screening 1124 people in 15 Alaskan villages with the aid of local personnel during winter field conditions.

RESULTS
The Accu-Chek II and visual Chemstrip bG methods detected 92% and 96%, respectively, of those newly diagnosed with NIDDM whose plasma screen was > or = 6.7 mM. The Accu-Chek II provided correlations of 0.774, 0.850, 0.923, and 0.946 with random, fasting, 1 and 2 hour plasma glucose. The mean Accu-Chek II, Chemstrip bG and plasma levels at which NIDDM was diagnosed were not statistically different. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed optimum screening cut-off values for subsequent new diagnosis of NIDDM to be 8.3, 7.7, and 8.0 mM for visual, Accu-Chek II and hexokinase methods (p = NS).

CONCLUSION
The Accu-Chek II and Chemstrip bG provided accurate glucose data in random NIDDM screening under field conditions with multiple local providers.


In this work we use the fundamental in quantum optics Jaynes-Cummings model to study the response of spin 1/2chain to a single mode of a laser light falling on one of the spins, a focused interaction model between the light and the spin chain. For the spin-spin interaction along the chain we use the XY model. We report here the exact analytical results, obtained with the help of a computer algebra system, for the energy spectrum in this model for chains of up to 4 spins with nearest neighbors interactions, either for open or cyclic chain configurations. Varying the sign and magnitude of the spin exchange coupling relative to the light-spin interaction we have investigated both cases of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic spin chains.


The utility model discloses a dust removing device for a conveying belt on the basis of an ultrasonic atomization method. The dust removing device comprises at least one air-mist returning system pipeline, an atomizing box and at least one air-mist feeding system pipeline, wherein the atomizing box is internally provided with an ultrasonic atomizer and an air blower; the ultrasonic atomizer is arranged under the working water level; a belt bin, the air-mist returning system pipeline, the air blower, the atomizing box and the air-mist feeding system pipeline are communicated in sequence to form a water-mist circulating system. 1-100mum atomized particles generated by high-speed oscillation of the ultrasonic atomizer rise along with the air pressure generated by the air blower, reach the belt bin through the air-mist feeding system pipeline, generate fast absorption with dust particles with the diameter being 1-100mum generated at a feeding port and are polymerized into large-particle groups which fall on the surfaces of materials of the belt, and the dusts without falling flow along with the air and are taken into the atomizing box for secondary dust removal by the air-mist returning system pipeline. The dust removing device disclosed by the utility model has the advantage that dust pollution generated in the process of using the belt to convey the materials can be effectively treated.


From the Publisher:
Short, concise, and easily-accessible, this book uses the 8085A microprocessor and 8051 microcontroller to explain the fundamentals of microprocessor architecture, programming, and hardware. It features only practical, workable designs so that readers can develop a complete understanding of the application with no frustrating gaps in the explanations. An abundance of real-life hardware, software, and schematic interpretation problems prepare readers to troubleshoot and trace signals through situations they will likely encounter on the job.


The principal essays in this symposium each raise in their own way fascinating issues relating to the construction of a rule-of-law state in the Soviet Union. Each varies in the quality of empirical data used to support the generalizations and conclusions offered. One of the spinoffs of perestroika, it is hoped, will be not merely better access to sources that will enable us to effectively test our presuppositions of the past but also a substantially improved quality of scholarly writing on the part of the Soviet jurists who equally have access to this data base and are at liberty to speak frankly about their reflections. A word at the outset about the concept of the rule of law in the Soviet Union. I would not concur with Professor Huskey that focusing on the highest, most abstract level of the legal discourse regarding the rule-oflaw state is to deprive oneself of an understanding of the changes in legal affairs under Gorbachev. To my mind the concept and definition of the rule-of-law state is one of the most crucial issues confronting the Soviet legal community, and it is the outcome of that debate that may determine more than anything else both the course of change in Soviet law and the ultimate success in building a rule-of-law state. It follows that in my view the concept of the rule of law is something much more than a consensusbuilding device, although it may also serve that purpose, or an instrument for seeking legitimacy for unorthodox views, although the rule of law is still an unorthodox notion in Soviet society. What is revolutionary about the concept of the rule of law is the fact that it contemplates under Soviet conditions a permanent and constructive role for law as a universal human


A new downhole measurement technique has been proposed based on optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for long-term monitoring of strain and its corresponding stress build-up in geological fault zones. Design and development of the present downhole sensor installation equipment have been demonstrated. Results from laboratory tests and from first field experiments in a research borehole at Trizonia island in the Gulf of Corinth area (Greece) have been reported.


Most irrigation and water conservancy facilities in China were constructed in the 1970s or 1980s.At present,most of them are old and idle or abandoned.However,this part of irrigation and water conservancy facilities have not received due attention and proper treatment;they not only occupy a lot of land resources,but also affect the agricultural production and the new look of a village.Some of the abandoned wells,ponds and reservoirs are also harmful to animals and human beings.How to properly handle this part of irrigation and water conservancy facilities has become an important issue in the construction of a new countryside.This paper is an attempt to analyze the characteristics of this part of irrigation and water conservancy facilities,address the issue of the basic ideas,effective ways and key technologies.An in-depth study is made of the technology for the repair and modification of old facilities,the reuse technology in land consolidation and farmland planning,the release of land resources and restoration technology.This paper is another attempt to demonstrate the economic and social benefits of reusing the old facilities.


Purpose
This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the UK general population and in the low-risk clinical population and to identify the methodological challenges presented by this task.

Design/methodology/approach
A rapid review of the evidence was conducted. Data were extracted with the help of pre-designed tools and were synthesised to answer the two study aims. The data extracted was both qualitative and quantitative.

Findings
In the general population, crime survey data gave a range of past-year IPV prevalence from 1.8% to 4.5%. This was higher in women than men (2.5%–6.3% vs 0.9%–2.7%). In both the general and low-risk clinical population, there was little data on pregnant women or gay men and lesbians. No significant relationships between IPV and ethnicity were found. Different surveys used different definitions of IPV and domestic violence, making it difficult to give an accurate estimate. There were also problems with data accuracy.

Originality/value
This research is original and contributes to the knowledge about IPV screening and if prevalence studies help.


For several years ST/CV at CERN has amassed considerable experience in designing and operating cooling and ventilation plants for the particle beam accelerators and physics experiments. To achieve optimal plant operating conditions a complete study of the control objectives is required. This implies to define carefully the control architecture at the beginning of the process control design stage. The process control design stage integrates the cooling and ventilation requirements, taking into consideration various and complex industrial processes organised in a large geographical disposition. The fact of rejecting specific solutions, and therefore marginal processes, allows opting for industrial control architecture, which are more flexible and capable to cope with the continuous technical evolution provided by industry. In the context of the LHC project ST/CV has produced, in collaboration with other control-oriented groups, a concept of control architecture, oriented towards PLC standards, TCP/IP Ethernet communication links and local monitoring. One major consideration is that this architecture is designed to gradually and smoothly integrate process control projects for the LEP to the LHC migration of the ST/CV plants. In this paper we present the characteristics and the requirements of the ST/CV processes and describe the control architecture currently in use.


A management apparatus includes a determination unit configured to determine whether or not terminal device identification information that is included in received terminal information is correct based on whether or not communication that uses communication module identification information of a terminal device including storage device identification information, included in the terminal management information, that is identical to storage device identification information included in the received terminal information and that corresponds to a terminal device other than a terminal device specified by terminal device identification information included in the received terminal information is established; and an update unit configured to update the terminal management information according to the received terminal information when the determination unit determines that the terminal device identification information included in the received terminal information is correct.


The invention relates to a mobility services system, in particular for urban areas, comprising a plurality of mobility services, and a disposition center, wherein the disposition center for Mobolitatsdienste calculates a route, and transmits a current traffic situation, P & R availability and / or departure times of public transportation means of communication devices to the motor vehicle , According to the invention the user of the mobility services system provider and / or users of transport capacity in a motor vehicle, wherein a provider, stating the range parameters of the disposition center offering transport capacity through the communication facilities for a trip between a starting point and a destination point, wherein a purchaser of stating the request parameters of requesting disposition center transport capacity for a specific route via the communication means, the disposition center created by comparing the offer parameters and / or the timetables of public transport with the Anforderungungsparametern a mobility service list for the customer, and is transmitted to the buyer by means of the communication devices, and wherein the collector selects a mobility service from the mobility service list, and by means of the communication devices in the Dispositionszentra le booked.


In the evolutionary scale of time, the social habit of scalp hair trimming and cutting in man, periodically, is fairly recent. Cultural anthropological trends and credos, especially among the more 'civilized' has dictated the sporting of short hair in males and often, longer hair in females. Needless to stress that easier grooming and better hygiene are maintained by periodically cropping manes. One of the more striking and obvious observations is the linear 'parting' that divides scalp hair into two parts, left and right. Everyone, right from infancy has his or her hair worn parted. A huge majority of women part it midway, splitting their tresses into two equal, right and left, halves, very few men do follow the 'middle path'. The male, almost as a rule, parts to one side, with unequal halves of scalp hair combed or brushed to each side. Strangely, when a man grows his hair longer, the position of the side-parting line shifts medially, almost occupying the midline, much akin a woman's. Conversely, females sporting shorter haircuts revert to male type centrally positioned linear parting. How is it that such a mundane and routine process like the positioning hair-parting furrow, raise so many intriguing questions? What actually dictates the involuntary (?) to and fro migration and shift of preferred dividing line position? Is it self image? Is it a visible external manifestation under of an subconscious cerebral dominance influence? Is it a just simple question of involuntary easing of biomechanical stress on the hair-root muscle, erector pilorum? Or, more complexly is it a gender specific marker. So universal is the midline parting common in women and lateral parting in men, that men wearing long hair


In this work, the influence of three different suspension agents (agar, sodium alginate, and gelatin) in the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles is reported. Sodium alginate was the best suspension agent, obtaining characteristics closer to commercial denture base resins. Synthesized particles and two commercial acrylic resins (Acron MC and Lucitone 199) were characterized by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, characteristic X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and molecular weight measurements. Mechanical tests (transverse deflection behavior) were done using two heat-polymerizing techniques. The results indicated that both the PMMA particles and the commercial acrylic resins have similar characteristics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


The paper introduces the principles and characteristics of the Calcoil 4000 electromagnetic induction heating system and its applica-tion in No.3 paper machine and No.4 paper machine in Nanping Company. The principle of the device is to directionally heat up each indepen-dent controlled section by electromagnetic induction,and the small increase of the roll diameter can increase the linear pressure between the rolls thus decreasing the thickness of the paper web. The control system is composed of ABB 1190 computer with autocontrol or manual control. After the system was put into operation,the σ value decreased to 3.155 and the uniformity of CD caliper was improved.


In October of 2001 MBARI operated an AUV in the Arctic at latitudes exceeding 80/spl deg/. The navigation instruments consisted of a ring-laser gyro INS coupled with a DVL and GPS, a separate fiber-optic based gyrocompass, and a traditional flux-gate AHRS system. This paper describes the performance of these instruments at high latitudes.


During times of disasters online users generate a significant amount of data, some of which are extremely valuable for relief efforts. In this paper, we study the nature of social-media content generated during two different natural disasters. We also train a model based on conditional random fields to extract valuable information from such content. We evaluate our techniques over our two datasets through a set of carefully designed experiments. We also test our methods over a non-disaster dataset to show that our extraction model is useful for extracting information from socially-generated content in general.


Currently, there are limited data available on the dietary habits of pre-school children in Ireland. The National Pre-school Nutrition Survey (NPNS) was therefore carried out to establish a database of habitual food and beverage consumption in a representative sample of preschool children in the Republic of Ireland. A 4-day weighed food diary was used to collect dietary intake data from 500 pre-school children aged 1‐4 years. Analysis of dietary intake data was carried out using WISP g , which is based on McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods 6 th edition (1) and the Irish food composition database (2) . DF intake and sources of DF in the diets of pre-school children are reported.


The weapon focus effect is defined as eyewitnesses focus more on weapons than other details(e.g., perpetrator) of the crime scene which cause memory bias. The present study investigated how the presence of a weapon affects the visual attention and memory of the eyewitness. Participants were randomized within two groups: the weapon focus effect condition(WC) and the novelty condition(NC). The participants' visual attention pattern(dwell time) was measured while participants were observing the interaction between the two individuals(clerk and customer) at the mock crime slide show. At the end of the experiment, the participants were asked about what they saw on the slide show. As a result, it was confirmed that the weapon condition showed a different attention pattern from those in the non-weapon condition. Overall, both groups were found to spend more time on target objects(knife/cashier's check), but WC participants spent longer time on clerks when weapons were presented than NC participants. On the other hand, in both groups, there was no difference in memory. This study provided evidence for the visual attention patterns of eyewitnesses at simulated crime scenes with weapons.


This paper introduced a new gearbox vibration signal de-noising locomotive model and algorithm based on the analysis of a lot of the actual vibration signals,to discusses the use of blind deconvolution de-noising methods so as to improve the noise ratio and signal quality,by extracting characteristic information of the motorcycle gear and comparing with TSA(time Synchronization average) method,by which the results were greatly improved in accuracy and precision.The proposed method can not only meet the requirements of real-time characteristics and reliability in the respect of online monitoring and fault diagnose,but also show the reliability properties,durability and high degree of confidence,which improves the diagnosis and early warning techniques.


This paper interrogated the political economy of democratic consolidation in Nigeria. The objectives of this paper among others was to refute and debunk the common assumption that only elections that are credible, free and fair, and reflective of the true will of the people would contribute to democratic consolidation. The paper adopts an explanatory design for analysis and relied on some empirical data generated through observation and official documents and essentially on secondary sources of data which were analyzed, using a descriptive method of analysis. The findings of this paper have shown that issues of poverty, inequality and unemployment if not tamed, can reverse the consolidation of Nigeria's democracy. The paper concluded that after over a decade of uninterrupted civilian administration, there is need to refocus energies on issues of poverty, inequality and unemployment if Nigeria is to consolidate its democracy.


The emulsifying properties of ovalbumin were investigated, and the relationships between the emulsifying properties and protein structure were also discussed. The emulsifying properties of ovalbumin were dependent on pH, concentration of protein dispersion, oil-phase volume, and presence of salts. The pH was the most important variable in the emulsifying activity. The emulsifying activity of ovalbumin was relatively high in the acidic pH region. The surface hydrophobicity of ovalbumin was greater at acidic pHs than at neutral pHs. No significant difference was found between the secondary structure of ovalbumin at pH 3 and that at pH 7, but microenvironmental changes were shown around the aromatic amino acid residues in acid solution. The line widths of 31P NMR spectra in ovalbumin at pH 3 or 8 suggested that the conformation of ovalbumin was more flexible at acidic pHs than at neutral pHs. Thus, the high emulsifying activity of ovalbumin at acidic phs was assumed to correlate with the greater surface hydrophobicity and flexibility of the molecule.


The knowledge of microwave intrinsic losses of ferrimagnetic single crystals is often obscured by the scattering process induced by surface defects. The existing data and the corresponding model dealing with this effect are far from sufficient to understand the phenomenon; in the millimetric range, the importance of the surface imperfection linewidth ΔHs is a major difficulty for obtaining the single‐crystal intrinsic linewidth ΔHi from ΔH measurements. We have investigated on a pure YIG single crystal the full dependence of the surface effect as a function of the surface pit size, the frequency, and the temperature. An automatic linewidth spectrometer is used, which allows measurements in the frequency range 1–18 GHz and the temperature range −100 to 270 °C. The dc magnetic field is aligned with the 111] easy axis of the crystal. Three main conclusions are obtained: (1) For a constant sample diameter, the variation of the surface contribution ΔHs is found to be a nonlinear function of the pit size. (2) W...