Abstract This paper will focus on the origins and subsequent development of school football in Manchester and its surrounding conurbation between 1880 and 1919. Archival evidence, drawing mainly on the Manchester Schools Football Association (MSFA) collection, will be used to chronicle the expansion of organized competition and sporting opportunities. It will demonstrate that football's growth in Manchester's education system owed much to dedicated teachers who encouraged participation at their own schools and organized inter-school competitions. Association football became prominent right across Manchester as young teachers, most notably George Sharples, encouraged pupils to play, leading to a widening of participation and interest that helps to explain how Manchester transitioned from a rugby to a soccer city. Also discussed is the important role of the Manchester and Salford Playing Fields Society (MSPFS) which assisted the game's growth in schools and amongst schoolchildren more generally by making suitable fields and pitches available. Without the Society's efforts facilities may have been insufficient to satisfy growing demand at a critical point in soccer's development.


AbstractThe role of Weddell Sea polynyas in establishing deep-ocean properties is explored in the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) coupled climate model CM2G. Using statistical composite analysis of over 30 polynya events that occur in a 2000-yr-long preindustrial control run, the temperature, salinity, and water mass changes associated with the composite event are quantified. For the time period following the composite polynya cessation, termed the "recovery," warming between 0.002° and 0.019°C decade−1 occurs below 4200 m in the Southern Ocean basins. Temperature and salinity changes are strongest in the Southern Ocean and the South Atlantic near the polynya formation region. Comparison of the model results with abyssal temperature observations reveals that the 1970s Weddell Polynya recovery could account for 10% ± 8% of the recent warming in the abyssal Southern Ocean. For individual Southern Ocean basins, this percentage is as little as 6% ± 11% or as much as 34% ± 13%.


The book is in two parts, 'Issues raised by Recent Advances in the Prolongation of Life', and 'The Quest for Meaning and Purpose in Death'. Paul Ballard looks at the subject from a sociological perspective. He points to the reduction in infant mortality and the longer life of the elderly, which 'push death more onto the margins of social consciousness'. The success of modem medicine has produced problems: expectations of doctors are too high; the older commitment to cure is being replaced by the need to care for the dying; technology is depersonalizing; and large institutions are dehumanizing. Changes in the character of family life are isolating and death can become anonymous. Modem funeral practices increase all this, while cremation emphasizes the finality of death. Ballard then looks at reactions to death, and discusses Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's five-stage model of the personal journey towards death. Rightly he stresses that no two deaths are the same. The many different beliefs and rites in our society must also be taken into account. It provides a good opening survey. Andrew Edgar examines attempts to measure 'quality of life', based upon the concept of 'Quality Adjusted Life Year'. Such measures are important for the allocation of scarce resources in health care, decisions to remove life support, and even euthanasia. It may be a useful concept, but Edgar notes some of the dangers of this approach and emphasizes the need to take account of the attitudes of the patient, not just those of relatives and society. Mervyn Lynn discusses the impact of the law, which has increased the freedom of discretion by the medical professions but denies the right of patients to determine


The chemical shift (CS) tensors for P-31 and Pb-207 in the natural mineral pyromorphite, Pb-5(PO4)(3)Cl, were determined from orientation-dependent NMR spectra of a single crystal, and MAS-NMR spectroscopic experiments. For the two crystallographically independent lead atoms in the hexagonal crystal lattice with space group P6(3)/m, the NMR parameters derived from the tensor eigenvalues are delta(iso) = -2172 ppm,eta(cs) = 0.08 for the Pb-207 at Wyckoff position 6h, and delta(iso) = -2810 ppm,eta(cs) = 0.49 for position 4f. For the P-31, which are also located at positions 6h, delta(iso) = -1.74 ppm and eta(cs) = 0.21 was found. A multi-parameter fit was utilized to extract the tensors from spectraacquired with one crystal rotation axis. The fit was sufficiently over-determined to also include the orientation of the crystal rotation axis into the fit, which could not be determined by X-ray diffraction because of the high absorption coefficient of pyromorphite, caused by the large lead content, and the large crystal size. In contrast to the precisely determined tensor eigenvalues, the orientation of the eigen-vectors in the crystal ab-plane of the pyromorphite system could only be resolved by using the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations.


ate phase of skin repair of partialto full-thickness secondegree burns focussing on the effect of ozonated oil on eoangiogenesis. They concluded that the use of ozonated oil as slightly more proficient than the topical application of yaluronic gel in the prevention of the post-lesional hyperigmentation. However, in order to improve the general nowledge of this topic they should provide the specific haracteristics of the products. In fact, while in relation to yaluronic acid it has been characterized as low-moleculareight hyaluronic acid topical gel 0.2%, as for the ozonated oil nly the commercial name and the source have been specified Reply to Letter to the Editor


The climate change issue milder winters and wetter sumU ) _mers. Higher precipitation and The possibility of long-term cliwarmer winters are expected to mate change is linked to an lead to the spread of disease vecincrease in global carbon dioxide, tors into new areas. Even a small (C02) concentration in the atmosincrease in global temperature phere, together with a few other will lead to thermal expansion of greenhouse gases (GHG). This the oceans which will cause rises increase is at least partly the in sea levels that may threaten result of the influences of human low-lying coastal areas and river activities on nature such as deltas. Some impacts of global exhaust gas emissions from vehiwarming may be quite the oppocles, coal burning for energy, and site of what people may expect. deforestation. An increase in the For example, snowfall may amount of C02 will lead to increase in some of the colder increased trapping of solar heat in regions because warmer ocean air I _ the atmosphere, giving rise to the may bring a higher amount of expectation that the climate will moisture into cold areas and drop be warmer although mitigating more snow on land which is influences exist. already so cold that an increase in V A warmer global climate may temperature of a degree or two lead to long-term weather still is well below freezing point. changes causing impacts not yet The now well-known El Nifio fully understood; the impacts will effect is a natural climate variabilalso vary according to region. The ity event that has been occurring anticipated temperature increase more or less frequently long resulting from climate change is before any change in climate was of not so much direct concern as predicted. However, questions the possible indirect influences it have arisen as to the possibility may have on our daily lives. In that global warming may lead to general, a warmer climate will stronger and more frequent El lead to increased evaporation Nifios. from the oceans and more precipLargely due to these potential itation. Of more concern are the threats to development and indications that even a very small human lives, the World Bank is increase in global temperature getting involved in a range of ~ may lead to an increase in activities under the heading of cliextreme weather events such as mate change, which is slightly stronger storms and hurricanes, misleading since most of these worse droughts and floods, activities refers to climate varichanges or shifts in seasons, ability. Climate change science is P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed


This concluding chapter seeks to tie the individual contributions to this volume into a coherent whole. Drawing on points raised in the various chapters, it summarizes critical data and provides a synthesis of the current research presented in constituent chapters that highlight spatial, temporal, and cultural diversity in ancient west Mexico. The author offers comments and observations on all chapters, highlighting common threads and lines of thought or evidence that bind the individual chapters together into a complete dialogue. It emphasizes the significance of the evidence from the west—presented in the volume—in crafting a more complex and nuanced understanding of both the west in particular and Mesoamerica as a whole. The chapter concludes by offering thoughts and suggestions for how future research may enhance archaeological understanding of this vast and understudied region.


Abstract : Highly aerated water flowing over the spillways and plunging into the deep stilling basins of dams increases the nitrogen levels of the rivers to a supersaturated condition hazardous to migrating fish. The report presents data and results of hydraulic model studies conducted in development of spillway deflectors for six projects on the lower Snake and Columbia Rivers. The deflectors prevent the plunging action and cause a more skimming-type flow near the surface of stilling basin resulting in reduced nitrogen saturation levels. The models were used to design the deflector geometries and to assist in evaluating their effect on fishway attraction flow near downstream fishway entrances at each project. Prototype measurements indicate that the deflectors have been effective in reducing nitrogen levels at the projects.


ABSTRACT This study investigates the price discovery role of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) by examining the predictive relation between the returns of emerging market ETFs traded in the US and the returns to the aggregate equity indices that they track. In a sample that covers 18 countries, we find that ETF returns can predict one-day-ahead returns of their underlying indices. This relation is robust after controlling for the non-synchronicity between markets, serial correlation in index returns, and various determinants of aggregate returns. Moreover, the predictive relation is more pronounced during periods of higher volatility and evidence for bidirectional spillover effects is weak. We also find that an out-of-sample rolling window strategy outperforms investing in the market index several-fold in the majority of the markets, especially in the high-volatility subsample.


reproductive disorders in both sexes. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the potential impact bisphenols A, B, S and F on the cell viability and testosterone release in TM3 Leydig cell line. Mice Leydig cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of bisphenols (0.04-50 µg.ml-1) during 24 h exposure. Quantification of the cell viability was assessed using the metabolic activity assay, while the level of testosterone in cell culture media was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Within the panel of substances under investigations, the higher experimental concentrations (10, 25 and 50 µg.ml-1) significantly (P<0.001) decreased Leydig cells viability, while the same doses of BPA and BPB also reduced testosterone production significantly (P<0.001). Taken together, the results of our study reported herein is a consistent with the conclusion that higher experimental doses of bisphenols have a cytotoxic effect and could have a dose-dependent impact on testosterone production.


Comprehensions are a good query notation for database programming languages (DBPLs), which subsume query languages such as SQL and OQL in expressiveness. The AutoMed IQL is an intermediate query language based on comprehensions, which can be used to define the semantic relationships between schemas constructs. In this paper, we emphasize the query optimization problem for IQL queries. Since IQL can be smoothly integrated into several DBPLs, our approach is expected to be applied to semantic web environments.


A pet has been shared in the environment many times and also they are bringing major psychological well-being to society. However, dogs and cats were a carrier of microorganisms that are pathogens for human infection, like viral, bacterial, parasitic, and others. From those pathogens are the emerging or re-emerging viral zoonoses for a human being, such as rabies, cowpox, rotaviruses, and others. Bacterial infections include scratches, pasteurellosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira, and tuberculosis leading to severe cases for people because of the different factors which occur in pet animals. Similarly, parasitic infections including hydatidosis, and leishmaniasis, are also recalled as pet-related zoonotic diseases. Lack of Veterinary care, good personal hygiene and pet hygiene, and absence of health education are the factors such as a risk of zoonotic infection.


The development of open spaces and resources of the Black Sea is one of the main directions of the Black Sea region (the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions). The essence of the region policy allows to cooperate with the most countries of the world community and brings an income both to the budget of the regions and to the state budget. Industrial fisheries is an extractive branch of the fishing industry that uses the natural resources of the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, reservoirs: various species of fish, marine mammals, shellfish, crustaceans and aquatic vegetation. Fisheries can be considered as one type of nature using which consists in the extraction of fish and other sea products (fish, invertebrates, algae, etc.). The purpose of the work was to find out a current state of fishing and extracting the living aquatic resources in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions. An assessment of a current state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies in the Black Sea region, namely in the Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions for the period from 2010 to 2018, was carried out on the basis of specialized literature. The state of extracting the aquatic bioresources in general and in the inland water bodies from 2010 to 2018; the amount of caught fish in this region; the state of fisheries of the studied region were investigated. Fish farming is a branch of the national economy that is engaged in farming, increasing and improving a quality of the fish stocks in the water bodies and filling the fish resources. In order to maintain and increase the stocks of valuable industrial fish in our country the extensive measures for artificial fish farming, improving the conditions of natural reproduction of fish, as well as the development of lake and pond fisheries for the commercial fish production are being taken. Much work is being done to acclimatize valuable industrial fish species and other fishing objects, aimed at expanding a fish species composition and increasing the fish stocks. It was found that according to the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, the analysis of the exraction of fish and aquatic biological resources in the Black Sea region (Odesa, Mykolaiv and Kherson regions) showed that an increase in the volume of fish catching and extracting the living aquatic resources occurred only due to inland waters.


Effective mesoporous composite adsorbents of water vapor can be prepared using a novel "one-pot", sol−gel procedure with ethyl silicate 40 as a silica precursor. The multilayer mechanism of water adsorption appears to be responsible for high adsorption of water on the prepared samples. In the case of the lithium bromide doped samples this adsorption takes the form of a volume filling. The Dubinin−Astakhov equation very well portrays adsorption of water by the synthesized composites in relative pressures <0.3. The values of the exponent r increase with the dopant content while those of the characteristic energy E are fairly constant.


The in vitro response of two Sclerotinia minor-, five S. sclerotiorumand two Sclerotium cepivorum-isolates to 16 biological control agents and eight fungicides was evaluated. A split plot experimental design was used, with a factorial arrangement correction for each pathogen. Factor A corresponded to fungi isolates and Factor B to control agents. The comparison of means was carried out using a Tukey test (P<0.05), having 11 evaluations every 24 h of the Mycelial radial growth rates (Mrgr). In any case no effect was found, alone or in interactions with control agents. Dicloran, Benomyl, Tebuconazole and CyprodinilFludioxonil inhibited the mycelial growth of all fungi with a final average of 1.0 Mrgr, and in greater proportion than biological agents (BA). The BA that propitiated the lesser mycelial growth towards S. minor were: Microorganisms (BPGPlus), Trichoderma sp. (Trichoderma), T. viride (Esporalis) and Bacillus subtillis (Serenade max); with isolates of S. sclerotiorum, Trichoderma sp. (Trichoderma), Trichoderma harzianum (Natucontrol), Microorganisms (BPG-Plus) and T.


The synchronous generator with rectifying load was analyzed.A set of equations described the relationship between the voltages or the current on axes d,q and the DC voltage or current on the output of rectifier were obtained.An average model of synchronous generator-rectifier system was built using MATLAB/Simulink.The results of the average model were compared to that of a detailed simulation model.The conclusion can be drawn:the average model ignored the ripples present in DC variables and the higher harmonics other than fundamental in AC variables.It gave accurate results in both the steady and the transient state.The average model not only can save much simulation time,but also can be used to design the system's control law.


On a recent trip to Philadelphia, my husband David and I visited the Mtter Museum. We were in town vacationing with family, and my husband, a general surgeon who trained in Philadelphia, insisted that I see the exhibit. It was a chance to escape not only the smothering heat that bathed the city's pavement but also my own complacency toward the marvels of medicine that once captivated me during medical school. It is not often that David and I get to discover medicine together. He has his world, and I have mine. It was thrilling, both as physicians and as a couple, to hold hands and stare into the glass cases of floating medical oddities. We wandered between glass shelves lined with antiquated surgical instruments and meticulously sliced sections of the human brain. I found myself mesmerized by the torso of Siamese twins, the wet specimens of fetuses with grotesque anomalies, and the delicate soap woman who died of yellow fever in the 19th century. After touring the entire exhibit, I found myself stopped in front of a curious display case. There on the far wall in the very back of the Mtter Museum, illuminated by the dusty light of halogen bulbs, skulls peered down. Rows and rows and rows of human skulls. Each sat neatly next to the other, as if politely decapitated to take its place on the wall. In front of each of the 139 specimens was a tiny yellowed card. Old typewritten black letters bore just a few lines: Pole. Roman Jasinki. Age 26. Murderer. Hanged in Kamiensko. Silesia, now Poland. Franz Tinscher. Age 40. Railroad worker died of trauma in the Charity Hospital. Vienna. Frantisca Seycor. Age 19. Famous Viennese prostitute. Died in the general hospital of meningitis. The glass wall between us disappeared as I read their eulogies, each one more curious than the last. From small children to grown adults, the skulls were eclectic and haunting. Who had they been? How had their bones ended up as part of one man's personal collection? The collection, I learned, was the life work of an Austrian anatomist, Dr. Joseph Hyrtl, who lived in the mid-19th century. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia bought the specimens 133 years ago for a mere $4800. These skullsall they had been in life, their personal victories and tragedies, the people they loved and who had loved themeverything was reduced to tiny lines on the anonymous wall. I walked slowly, reading each one. Istria, Trieste. Girolamo Zini. Age 20. Ropewalker. Died of atlanto-axial dislocation (broken neck). Lithuania. Maria Litinska. Age 17. Died of smallpox. I came to an empty space near the end with only white paper lining the back of the vacant shelf. Suddenly, I was startled to see my own face reflecting back from the glass in front of me. Brown eyes and sun-spotted cheeks stared out, and I wondered, what would my few lines have been? Surely, the 19-year-old prostitute would have had a different label in mind: sister, artist, lover, teacher. But only one title was to be forever displayed here, and it was not for the subject to choose. Druse, from Lebanon. Izzet Methem Sakhr. Robber, beheaded. Czech. Wenzeslauf Kral. Age 15. Shoemaker. Died of smallpox. The dichotomy of the 2 lines was not lost on me. It appeared that there were only 2 points of interest attributed to each person: a line to acknowledge who they had been, and a line to describe their cause of death or deformity. The contrast between the person we try to become and our inability to escape what life throws at us sat starkly demonstrated. And on this wall, if never in their real lives, the 2 were given equal room. Whether their years were filled with success, crime, or disease, they were all equal in this museum. I was deeply engrossed with the insignificance of my own endeavors when a warm hand slid into mine. I turned to see my husband standing beside me, You wanna grab a Philly cheesesteak for lunch? We went outside the library, taking a seat on a velvet red couch in the silent marble hall to wait for the others. The hot breeze followed people slowly wandering in the museum doors, and as we watched them, I couldn't stop thinking about the display of skulls. I asked David what his few lines would have read. His gaze was fixed on the tall ceiling above us, and after a moment he uttered: Male, 39. Overworked, underpaid surgeon. Self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. His obvious sarcasm could not dampen my moment of epiphany. I made an attempt to help him grasp the tragedy of these individuals' entire lives being so easily compacted into an impersonal epitaph, permanently displayed under their skull. Well, it's more than we will ever get, he replied. I thought on that for a minute. It was true. While the rest of us will be buried in the oblivion of history, these few individuals remain forever displayed, giving thousands like me a chance to reflect on their own significance. It may well be the greatest contribution they made to the world. My skull will probably never be exhibited in such an esteemed place as the Mtter Museum. Heck, I'll be grateful to have an obituary in the local newspaper. How interesting it is that history will remember those few, abstract souls while forgetting the rest of us. And yet, I'm not sure I would trade places with them: the prostitute, the shoemaker, the railroad worker. Maybe I would rather be remembered in some obscure newsprint as a loving wife, devoted doctor, and mother of 3. Maybe being obsolete, after all, is not being a lost soul in history's archaic memory. I had come to the museum to view specimens. Instead, I experienced them. On that hot Philly day, I'd been given the opportunity, as those individuals never had, to ponder my own small lines in medical history. Our hollow steps slowly echoed through the marble hallways as we left, and epitaphs scrolled through my head. Even after deep reflection, I couldn't settle on any one of them as my life's final statement. But, unlike them, it is still for me to decide.


In recent years, the organizational system of administrative divisons in China can not meet the needs of local economic development. It has failed to comply with the Constitution and been feced with problems of backward legal basis, incomplete alteration procedure, neglect of local autonomous management. To improve the the organizational system of administrative divisons, this article presents several suggestions including the legislation of Law on Administrative divisions, more engagement from the Standing Committee of the People' s Congress, procedure system of public participation, expert opinions, and risk assessment.


We previously reported that the stimulation of human blood monocytes with IFN-γ induces the binding of PU.1 to the gp91phox promoter and the consequent expression of gp91phox. In this study, we show that the effect of IFN-γ is reproduced by the serine phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, and this suggests that serine kinases could be involved in gp91phox expression. We also show that IFN-γ induces the serine/threonine phosphorylation of PU.1 in cultured monocytes. This phosphorylation, as well as the IFN-γ-induced PU.1 binding and gp91phox protein synthesis, is slightly affected by the casein kinase II inhibitor, daidzein, but is abrogated by the protein kinase C (PKC) -α and -β inhibitor, Go6976, and by synthetic peptides with sequences based on the endogenous pseudosubstrate region of the classical PKC α and β isoforms. In contrast, peptides reproducing the pseudosubstrate region of PKC ε were without effect. Moreover, we found that the treatment of monocytes with IFN-γ induces the nuclear translocation and the activation of PKC α and βI, but not of PKC βII, and that the IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of PU.1 was greatly reduced by LY333531, a selective inhibitor of PKC β isoforms. Finally, nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that while the PKC inhibitors, Go6976 and LY333531, decrease the IFN-γ-induced gp91phox transcription, the serine phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, enhances the gp91phox gene transcription. Our results indicate that in cultured monocytes, IFN-γ induces the binding of PU.1 to the gp91phox promoter and the expression of gp91phox by phosphorylation of PU.1 via activation of PKC α and/or βI.


The importance of mathematical problem-solving abilities that are not balanced with optimal achievement in students to be the background for conducting this research. The research objective was to determine the increase in students 'mathematical problem-solving abilities using the REACT learning model and students' responses to the REACT learning model. This research was conducted on class X high school students in one of the public high schools in Garut Regency. The sample chosen was class X MIPA 4 with as many as 31 students. The research instrument consisted of a test instrument in the form of description questions and a non-test in the form of a questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed by using the Normalized Gain test. The results of the data analysis showed that the quality of the improvement in the mathematical problem-solving abilities of students who received the REACT learning model had a high interpretation. Also, students' attitudes in general towards learning using the REACT learning model get responses with sufficient interpretations. Thus, the REACT learning model can improve students' problem-solving abilities and is responded to quite well by students


Background subtraction is the most popular technique for foreground detection to automatically separate foreground objects from background in video sequences. Low- rank subspace learning methods have attracted great attentions in recent years. Compared with the methods based on matrix decomposition which reshape the video data into a matrix, the methods based on tensor decomposition can take good advantage of the spatial information within frames. However, most existing methods based on tensor decomposition are batch-based approaches which generally require heavy memory cost and are unable to adapt to dynamic scenes. In this paper, we propose a background subtraction method based on adaptive online tensor decomposition. The proposed method deals with samples sequentially and also adapts to dynamic environments, which can help reduce the computational burden and memory cost. Besides, adaptive weighting parameter is employed to adjust the degree of attention to the sparsity of estimated sparse component, which can considerably improve the performance of foreground detection. Experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed method can effectively detect the foreground objects with less computational cost.


Background: Acute exacerbation is a common problem in the usual course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Infections play a chief role in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (AECOPD) that leads to significant morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To assess the bacteriology in COPD exacerbations of hospitalized patients and correlate with clinical and laboratory data of the patients.
Patients and Method: a prospective study was conducted to correlate clinical, laboratory data with sputum culture results of 52 patients, admitted to the Pulmonology Department of Buraidah Central Hospital (BCH) with an AECOPD from 1st January 2018 till 31 August 2018. All collected sputum samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedures.
Results: Growth of pathogenic organisms was seen in 37 (71%) of the 52 sputum samples tested. Gram-positive organisms were found in the majority 20 (54 %). Gram negative microbes accounted for 17 (46%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (24.3 %) was found to be the most common bacterial agent responsible for COPD exacerbations, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 7 (18.9 %), Haemophilus influenzae (H influenzae) and Staphylococcus aureus; each was 5 (13.5%), Streptococcus pyogenes (Streptococcus pyogenes) 4 (10.8%), Moraxella catarrhalis (M catarrhalis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) each was 2 (5.4%)
Conclusion: Sputum culture is considered a simple and good diagnostic modality to identify bacteria in AECOPD. Antibiogram would assist in developing a local antibiotic strategy and reducing the appearance of resistance stains.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. The unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged how and whether patients with heart disease are able to safely access center-based exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This commentary provides an experience-based overview of how one health system quickly developed and applied inclusive policies to allow patients to have safe and effective access to exercise-based CR. The unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged how and whether patients with heart disease are able to safely access center-based exercise training and cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This commentary provides an experience-based overview of how one health system quickly developed and applied inclusive policies to allow patients to have safe and effective access to exercise-based CR.


Thirty years ago, the International Prognostic Index (IPI) for aggressive lymphomas was published by Shipp and colleagues in the New England Journal of Medicine.1 Although the pathologic classification schema for lymphoma has evolved dramatically with the introduction of immunohistochemical and molecular testing, the IPI remains relevant today. At the time of publication, the paper was groundbreaking in many ways. The work was an international collaboration (16 institutions and co-operative groups across the US, Canada and Europe) with a very large data set used for discovery and validation. The five risk factors of age (> 60 years), stage (3/4), more than one extranodal site, performance status (> or = to 2), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, are simple and accessible across all regions, including resource-poor settings. The IPI has held the test of time. It is used in most prospective, randomized trials to stratify risk and ensure balance between groups. In nearly all retrospective analyses, the IPI is an independent prognostic factor for progression-free and overall survival on multivariate analysis. The IPI also sheds light on why the outcomes of clinical trials are uniformly more favorable than in the "real world". Patients with high-risk disease are under-represented in clinical trials. This reflects, in part, the difficulty of enrolling patients on a study who have high-risk disease and may be hospitalized and/or in urgent need of therapy. In addition, it facilitates the investigation of the independent impact of other prognostic biomarkers through adjusted analyses. The IPI inspired other clinical prognostic scales across Ann S. LaCasce


Olivine LiFePO4/C nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly solution preparation.The phase,structure,morphology and composition of the as-prepared products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric and differential-thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTA) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS) techniques,showing uniform nanowire shape of LiFePO4/C with a diameter of 80-150 nm and a length of several microns.The heat-treated LiFePO4/C nanowires show excellent electrochemical properties of specific discharge capacity,rate capacity and cycling stability.In particular,the LiFePO4/C nanowires heat-treated at 400 °C show preferable first discharge specific capacity of 161 mA·h/g at 0.1C rate,while the voltage platform is 3.4 V and the first discharge specific capacity is 93 mA·h/g at 20C rate.The specific capacity retention is 98% after 50 cycles at 5C rate.


Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication that belongs to the biguanide group used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to control blood glucose levels, and the commonest oral antidiabetic in Western countries [1-5]. Compared to other oral antidiabetic medications, metformin is less commonly cause hypoglycemia or weight gain and may be associated with lower mortality [1]. Metformin is strongly suggested to be highly effective in blood sugar control and body weight reduction [2]. Unlike insulin, metformin is considerably affordable and does not require patient education and training [1]. Metformin improves blood sugar by multiple mechanisms, including gluconeogenesis reduction in the liver, glycolysis increase, and glucose uptake increase in the skeletal muscle tissue [2]. Interestingly, it also reported to play a significant role in the gut via microbiota, the gut-brain-liver axis, or the gut-pancreas network [2]. Metformin has been approved for use in type 2 diabetic Mellitus in the United Kingdom since the 1960s, and in the United States in 1994 [6, 7]. In addition to the efficacy of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients, there is ongoing evidence of its effectiveness in cardiovascular diseases [6]. Lactic acidosis (LA) is a critical concern for diabetic patients taking metformin, particularly in people with impaired drug excretion such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), conditions with a tendency to accumulate lactate such as chronic liver disease (CLD) or Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), and overdose [2, 7]. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T .


Kate Abel serves as the Director of engineering management in the School of Systems and Enterprises at Stevens Institute of Technology. She holds a Ph.D. in technology management and applied psychology. She has been both the President of the Engineering Management Division of ASEE and the President of Epsilon Mu Eta, the Engineering Management Honor Society. She teaches courses in Engineering Economics, Entrepreneurial Analysis of Engineering Design, Total Quality Management, Statistics for Engineering Managers, Engineering Management, and Senior Design. Her research areas include knowledge engineering, as well as, knowledge and information management. She has published more than 20 refereed journal articles, book chapters, and conference papers.


Explore Correlation between Routine Chemical Components of Cigarettes and Tar of Cigarettes smoke,to look for Relations.Try to Using Modern mathematics statistical techniques,look out Major factors of Influencing Tar of Cigarettes smoke,create forecast model of Tar of Cigarettes smoke.Applying on Actual anticipation,the results showed that the relative deviations of the predicted tar values from the test data were generally below 5%,having more accurate.


Judging the influence of private law enforcement on the success of the leniency programs is a veryinteresting and current topic. When dealing with it, it is necessary to find an answer to following question:How should be handled the initiative of the European Commission to strengthen the private law pillar ofthe cartel law enforcement not to weaken the public law pillar at the same time? It is possible to assume thatthe support of private enforcement of damages discourages cartel participants to report the existence of acartel and avoid the fine imposed by the state, because by admitting a cartel they potentially face an evenlarger financial burden than in the case of a fine. However, the other point of view is, taking into account thevery low effort of the impaired parties (mainly consumers) to enforce their claims through private means,that the support of private enforcement should not be perceived as a danger to the functionality of leniencyprograms, but only as their suitable complement, which can exert sufficient pressure on the cartel participantsto perform their activities in accordance with law. The article strives to show that at the moment the supportof private enforcement of cartel law does not pose any danger to leniency programs and that the implementationof legal institutions proposed by the European Commission, which would emphasize the role of privateenforcement, is desirable.


Failure to detect uterine perforation during surgical abortion may result in adverse patient outcome besides having medicolegal implications.This rare case of uterine perforation was diagnosed 6 days after abortion & underscores the importance of remaining vigilant for this complication during & after the procedures. The patient underwent evacuation at 16 wks of gestation & was discharged after the procedure, assuming no complications. She presented with abdominal pain & bleeding PV after 4 days of the surgical event.Ultrasound & CT revolved the uterine perforation hence a patient complaining of abdominal pain following a recent abortion,related instrumentation should alter the clinician regarding the possibilities of perforation.


Two outdated physical plants, a small to counselors attempting to institute student body (220 students, K—8 and progressive guidance programs. Yet, 70 high school students), an inaderural communities also place a high quate agricultural tax base to support value on a strong work ethnic, close education, a four-fifths time counselor family ties, personal relationships, self responsible for all 13 grades, and a staff help, respect for educators, and an ex that is stretched drumhead thin chartraordinary sense of community spirit acterize the Newman School district. and cooperation (Fagan & Hughes, To the casual observer, Newman man1985; Helge, 1985). The astute rural ifests Gjelten and Nachtigal's (1979) ascounselor will use these dynamics as sumption that small rural schools canassets for building a strong bond be not begin to address the curriculum tween the school guidance program and needs and life experiences students the community, will need to move into the high-tech, service-oriented economy of the 21st century. TRUST AND COMMITMENT There is much more to the Newman


Objectives: One of the major checkpoints probed for therapy is programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1. Despite remarkable clinical efficacy, not all patients benefit from immune checkpoint therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, and a cohort of non-responding patients exists. Tumor PD-L1 expression measured by immunohistochemistry has been applied as a biomarker for selecting patients to increase the response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 blockage, but the methods are invasive and prone to sampling error. The objective of the current work was therefore to develop an image-based biomarker for non-invasive Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of PD-L1 expression Methods: Anti-PD-L1 (clone 6E11, Genentech) was site-specifically conjugated to dibenzocyclooctyne-Deferoxamine (DIBO-DFO) using GlyclNATOR® (EndoS2) and SiteClickTM technology. Site-specific conjugated 6E11 was subsequently radiolabeled with 89Zr. The immunoreactivity and KD value were determined by cell binding assays. In vitro stability was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the degree of labeling (DOL) was determined by LC/MS. A dose escalating study was performed with or without co-injection with unlabeled 6E11 to determine the optimal mass dose for PET imaging. Longitudinal PET/CT imaging was performed at various time-points after tracer injection in HCC827 tumor (lung adenocarcinoma) bearing animals and ex vivo biodistribution was performed after the last imaging time-point. Additionally, PET/CT imaging studies were carried out in different human xenograft and syngeneic tumor models with varying degree of PD-L1 expression. The syngeneic tumors received either fractionated external radiation therapy (XRT) or mouse Interferon gamma (IFNγ) treatment 3 days prior to 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET/CT imaging in order to evaluate treatment induced up regulation of PD-L1 expression. Results: 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was successfully labeled with a radiochemical purity >99% and the KD value was determined to 0.23 nM. The HCC827 tumors were identified by 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET imaging (3.7 ± 0.2 %ID/g, mean ± SD), and co-injection of unlabeled 6E11 increased the relative tumor uptake. Ex vivo biodistribution confirmed the in vivo results (5.4 ± 1.7 %ID/g) at 144 hours post injection. Non-invasive PET /CT imaging with 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was able to detect a treatment induced up regulation of PD-L1 expression following treatment with XRT or IFNγ. Conclusions: Site-specific labeling of antibodies with 89Zr is feasible for immuno-PET imaging and tumor PD-L1 imaging by 89Zr-DFO-6E11. PET/CT is an attractive approach for non-invasive whole body visualization of PD-L1 expression and could potentially aid in therapy guidance. Site-specific labeled antibodies create the opportunity to utilize imaging biomarker-driven approaches to achieve best clinical outcomes in immunotherapy. Citation Format: Camilla Christensen, Lotte K Kristensen, Hanna Toftevall, Maria Nordgren, Brian J. Agnew, Carsten H. Nielsen, Andreas Kjaer. Immuno PET imaging of PD-L1 expression in syngeneic and human xenograft tumor mouse models using a site-specific 89Zr labeled PD-L1 antibody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3030.


A novel approach to automatic positioning and communication is presented in this paper. The approach is using single GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) technology to achieve both positioning of the mobile station and communication with the other parties in a system containing a number of mobile stations. The paper deals with the overall system architecture, and briefly describes the aspects of positioning, communication and application of the system, without describing the low-level details applied in system operation. It also describes implementation of two experimental versions of the mobile stations, self-positioning and remote positioning, that integrate positioning information in the platform ready to use for different purposes. The approach is applicable to GSM and its other more recent derivatives.


We present low‐temperature photoluminescence studies of nominally undoped GaAs quantum wells in which weak acceptor‐related emissions can be observed. We investigate the influence of different sequences of prelayers, in which the number and the aluminum concentration of the layers are varied, on the impurity concentration in the quantum well, and show that thin layers of low aluminum percentage act as very efficient impurity trapping centers. We also present calculations of the electron to acceptor photoluminescence line shape, which show that the acceptor distribution has its maximum at the well interface, extending about 7 A in the barrier and 12 to 30 A in the well.


A Repeated Bayesian game-theoretic line of attackis usedto framecommunicationcontroller in get-up-and-go bring inmeasuring devicelinkages. In wide-ranging, the get-up-andgostate-run of an get-up-and-go harvesting measuring deviceshow a discrepancy more melodramaticallyby means ofstage as paralleled to old-fashioned battery-powered measuring device. Therefore, every oneget-up-and-goharvesting measuring device is quick to respondto the advertisementget-up-and-go state, which is established as its sequestereddata. This computing expedient adoptsitscommunicate online of attack according to its credence in its challengers'get-up-and-gocircumstances. In attendancebe real Bayesian Nash equipoise (BNE) anywhere a measuring devicethroughget-up-and-gocomplex than its energystarting point will pick incommunicates at immovable influence and time lagor else. We confirmation how each measuring device starting point to make the most of its effectiveness purpose. What is more, we confirmation by means of virtual reality that the presentation of the Repeated Bayesian theory of on for exemplary is on your doorstep to that of a picture-perfect factson forever whereget-up-and-go environments are communal statistics to all sensors. In this section, the mathematical investigation islocated obtainable to help recognize the perceptions of the projected bank of cloud International Data Corporation (IDS) on for prototypical.


The aim of this article is to introduce nurses to the most common cells seen on routine examination of a blood smear.


This paper proposes a sound separation methodology based on deep learning neural network (DLNN) to extract useful diagnostic material in non-invasive audio-based On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) diagnostics. The proposed methodology has been experimentally verified on both artificial mixtures (created by reproducing the targeted data by the speakers placed next to the active transformers) and actual mixtures (recorded by the microphone during OLTC live operation in the field). The results show that the method produces high-quality estimates (correlation to referent fingerprints $\rho > 0.9$) compared to other sound separation methods, e.g. Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The proposed framework can also perform source separation from a monaural mixture (mixture recorded with a single microphone only), which is impossible for ICA methods. Moreover, the results show that DLNN trained with healthy OLTC data produces diagnostically valuable estimates even when fed with a faulty OLTC audio mixture. For that reason, once trained, the DLNN can produce the diagnostic signal estimates from monaural mixtures that can be used with existing vibration-based diagnostic methods.


The scanning (step-and-repeat) and projective (simultaneous) methods of ion-optical implantations of single phosphorus 31P ions in hetero-structure Si/SixGe1-x are offered and analyzed with the purpose of formation of qubits of the solid-state quantum computer. Opportunities axial-symmetric electromagnetic objective lenses and existing sources of highly charged ions with reference to the given problem are considered. It is shown, that combined axial-symmetric electromagnetic lenses have advantage in comparison with electrostatic lenses. The combined electromagnetic objective having record small axial aberrations is designed. The optical scheme of scanning single ion implanter with such objective is offered. The critical parameters determining productivity of ion-optical implanter are allocated. They are the allowable lateral discrepancy of localization of implanted ions, a chromatic aberration of an objective, brightness of an ion source and the multiplicity of a charge of doped ions. The formula connecting these values is deduced. Requirements to sources of highly charged ions and the offer on search of new sources of highly charged ions and projective ion-optical schemes of single ion implantation are formulated.


Some pathological effects of lectins in legume seeds, particular by Phasoleus vulgaris (red kidney bean) agglutinins, on intestinal epithelial cell structure and function in a bio-assay and in various in vivo ('Self-emptying blind pouch-model') and in vitro (cell- and organ culture) models are reported.


The two halves of a split transducer are arranged so that bulk-wave spurious transmission is cancelled. The surface-wave radiations from the two halves are made to reinforce each other by means of a phase shifter which affects only the surface wave.


Many new chemical compounds are reported each year in patent documents, leading to increasing demand for methods for automatic information extraction of chemical compounds and reactions from patents. Chemical patents often detail a number of similar compounds that have a common substructure and can be synthesized in analogous ways, and therefore contain many references connecting descriptions of similar chemical reactions, to avoid redundancy in describing common reaction conditions. This leads to the problem of reaction reference resolution, where, given a reaction description, we need to identify links to other reaction descriptions it refers to. In this paper, we formally introduce the task and propose baseline methods to address it in analogy with co-reference resolution. To evaluate the performance, we create a large-scale silver-standard dataset based on a commercial database of chemical reactions. The experimental results show that the approach based on a state-ofthe-art co-reference resolution method struggles to outperform a simple heuristic in detecting reference links, demonstrating the difficulty of the proposed task and its fundamentally different nature to co-reference resolution.


The invention discloses a rolling lettering device for a metal round pipe. The rolling lettering device comprises a power assembly, a linkage assembly and a lettering assembly. The power assembly drives the lettering assembly to move so as to carry out lettering through the linkage assembly. The power device comprises an air cylinder. The lettering assembly comprises a marking word block and an installing base. A rotary installing shaft used for installing the to-be-lettered round pipe is arranged on the side edge of the installing base. The installing base is detachably connected with a fixing base. One side of the fixing base is an arc face equal to the to-be-lettered round pipe in diameter. The arc face is opposite to the installing shaft. The marking word block is detachably arranged on the arc face and attached to the arc face. The air cylinder drives the installing base to rotate through the linkage assembly. The air cylinder is connected with the linkage assembly through the movable gauge to drive the fixing base to rotate to carry out rolling lettering on the surface of the to-be-lettered round pipe. The production efficiency can be improved by 30% compared with the production efficiency of a stamping tool. The surface of the round pipe is stressed evenly, and scripts are clear. The production and operation are safe compared with punch operation.


This study presents a testbed for the emergency call (eCall) system satisfying the 3GPP TS 26.267/268/269 standard. Experiments are performed with the in-vehicle system testbed in a laboratory or a car travelling in city, suburb, countryside or freeway. Sufficient data of the emergency communication signal is recorded and processed. Fading statistics of the received signal after power control are found and discussed with cumulative distribution function of the received signal power, level crossing rate and average fade duration. It is found that with probability less or equal to 0.1 % , fading and attenuation can vary from − 19  dB for the continuous wave (CW) signal at 500 Hz to − 9.5  dB for the CW signal at 2000 Hz. It is recommended to move the CW signals at 500 and 800 Hz for detection and synchronisation in the 3GPP standard to be at 1500 and 2000 Hz, respectively. This will give 9.5 dB improvement in detection and synchronisation. The longest fade duration observed is 540 ms. The 64 ms synchronisation signal in the current standard is insufficient to handle the fading. It is shown that fading is minimised in the frequency range [1000, 2500] Hz for the 3GPP TS 26.267 system.


The realization of the low light level illuminance scale of the National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China) is presented. Two methods were used to achieve the photometric scale covering (1 × 10−10–2 × 100) lx, the first method based on the luminance adjustable two-stage integrating sphere source was used to realize the illuminance scale down to 1 × 10−6 lx, while the other method based on a twin-source superposition linearity measurement facility was applied to extend the scale from 1 × 10−6 lx to 1 × 10−10 lx. The expanded relative uncertainty of the (1 × 10−10–2 × 100) lx illuminance scale was evaluated to be from 1.0 % to 0.8 % varying with range (coverage factor k = 2). As part of our research work, a photon counting type photometer was developed and calibrated in the (2 × 10−10–1 × 10−6) lx range using this low light level illuminance scale with expanded relative uncertainty 13 % to 1.4 % (k = 2). This low light level photometric scale can meet the calibration requirement of high sensitivity photometers such as the micro-lux photometers and photon counting type photometers.


A series of shock tube studies demonstrates that two types of pressure gages respond to dust carried with shock waves by indicating an increase in dynamic pressure. This contribution to the dynamic pressure is approximately the product of the dust density and the square of the dust velocity under the experimental conditions. Besides this information the studies give insight into the interaction of a square shock wave with dust when that dust is placed in a plane before and parallel to the shock front. It is found ihat the shape of the pressure wave is little changed except for a rounding of the front. The dust, after accelerating, is carried as a Pulse with the mass flow velocity of the air. (auth)


In this study, a novel tungsten disulfide/tungsten diselenide (WS2/WSe2) heterojunction photocatalyst by a facile hydrothermal process with great capable photocatalytic efficiency for hydrogen evolution from water and organic compound removal was discussed. The WS2/WSe2 heterojunction photocatalyst to form heterojunctions to inhibit the quick recombination rate of photo-response holes and electrons is reflected to be a useful method to enhance the capability of photocatalysis hydrogen production. The hydrogen production rate of the WS2/WSe2 photocatalyst approach is 3856.7 μmol/g/h, which is 12 and 11 folds the efficiency of bare WS2 and WSe2, respectively. Moreover, the excellent photocatalytic performance for Congo Red (CR) removal (92.4%) was 2.4 and 2.1 times higher than those of bare WS2 and WSe2, respectively. The great photocatalytic efficiency was owing to the capable electrons and holes separation of WS2/WSe2 and the construction of Z-scheme heterostructure, which possessed vigorous photocatalytic oxidation and reduction potentials. The novel one-dimensional structure of WS2/WSe2 heterojunction shortens the transport pathway of photo-induced electrons and holes. This work provided an insight to the pathway of interfacial separation and transferring for induced charge carriers, which can refer to the interfacial engineering of developed nanocomposite photocatalysts. It possessed great capable photocatalytic efficiency of hydrogen production and organic dye removal. This study offers an insight to the route of interfacial migration and separation for induced charge carriers to generating clean hydrogen energy and solve environmental pollution issue.


ABSTRACTObjectives : This study was performed to provide the basic data for oral health of infants, through the compari-son of Streptococcus mutansactivities(the representative bacteria of initial dental caries), in main nutritionalfoods for infants: breast milk, milk powder, and soya milk. Methods : The study targeted 30 infants and the saliva was sampled afte r the oral examination. The pH of sam-pled saliva was measured; and the sample of 'the saliva', 'the saliva and breast milk', and 'the saliva and for-mula milk'by researcher were produced; and the measurement was repeated 7 times. Results : As a result of examining the change of colony number of Streptococcus mutansby hour, the bacterialactivity took in the source of nutrition took place in the firs t place; and in the group with dental caries, breast-feeding at night occurred most frequently. Due to the combined activities, such as the increase in the contacttime, the existence rate of dental caries appeared high. Howev er, as the improvement of breast-feeding is close-ly related to the nutrition supply to babies, rather than the i mprovement of breast-feeding, the 12 hours afterthe culture in which Streptococcus mutansactivities started was considered. Conclusions : In case of breast-feeding at night, it is necessary to remove the dental plaque in the mouth, before12 hours has passed. Especially, using toothbrush and toothpast e to decrease the occurrence of dental caries,after the eruption of teeth, is recommended for oral administration.(J Korean Soc Dent Hygiene 2012;12(1):27-35)keyword: breast milk, dental caries, formula milk, oral health, saliva, s.mutans 색인: 구강건강, 모유, 분유, 치아우식증, 타액, S.mutans


Designing can be viewed as a collective activity that accumulates and reuses knowledge over time and, in the information systems field, such knowledge often takes the form of design principles. While design principles are now a predominant from to capture, accumulate, and reuse design knowledge, their reusability cannot be taken for granted. In this paper, we present the preliminary findings of an ongoing series of experiments that aim to explore the characteristics of design principles that facilitate or inhibit their reuse. Our preliminary findings suggest that, interestingly, these characteristics occur as contradicting elements. We situate the tensions in the light of hermeneutics, expert intuition, and C-K design theory. We hope that, through our ongoing work, we can trigger further discussion on design principles reuse in the DSR community.


Atkins, C. Brian. Ph.D., Purdue University, December 1998. Classification-Based Methods in Optimal Image Interpolation. Major Professors: Charles A. Bouman and Jan P. Allebach. In this thesis, we introduce two new approaches to optimal image interpolation which are based on the idea that image data falls into different categories or classes, such as edges of different orientation and smoother gradients. Both these methods work by first classifying the image data in a window around the pixel being interpolated, and then using an interpolation filter designed for the selected class. The first method, which we call Resolution Synthesis (RS), performs the classification by computing probabilities of class membership in a Gaussian mixture model. The second method, which we call Tree-based Resolution Synthesis (TRS), uses a regression tree. Both of these methods are based on stochastic models for image data whose parameters must have been estimated beforehand, by training on sample images. We demonstrate that under some assumptions, both of these methods are actually optimal in the sense that they yield minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) estimates of the target-resolution image, given the source image. We also introduce Enhanced Tree-based RS, which consists of TRS interpolation followed by an enhancement stage. During the enhancement stage, we recursively add adjustments to the pixels in the interpolated image. This has the dual effect of reducing interpolation artifacts while imparting additional sharpening. We present results of the above methods for interpolating images which are free of artifacts. In addition, we present results which demonstrate that RS can be trained for high-quality interpolation of images which


Abstract: This paper examines NPO, a FSTA in Yushi County Hebei Province, focusing its organizational operation and evolvement process of property right system. The paper found that evolvement of property rights system is experiencing a 'Cooperative System [arrow right] Joint Stock Cooperative System [arrow right] Joint Stock System' process. Other newly established associations might replace the previous functions of mutual aid and service. Key words: Organizational Framework, Organizational Operation, Property Rights System Resume: Cet essai examine une organisation non lucrative, un FSTA dans la region Yuxi de la province du Hubei, se concentrant sur son operation organisationnelle et l'evolution de son systeme du droit de propriete. L'essai trouve que l'evolution du systeme du droit de propriete connait un tel processus : Systeme cooperatif [arrow right] Systeme cooperatif de stock joint [arrow right] Systeme de stock joint. D'autres associations dernieremment etablies pourraient remplacer les fonctions precedentes d'aide mutuelle et de service. Mots-Cles: cadre organisationnel, operation organisationnelle, systeme du droit de propriete 1. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO FSTAS' EMERGENCE Since the reform and opening up to the outside world, the widespread rural area of China has conducted the Responsibility System1 between 1979 and 1984, which has broken up the past policy of People Communes System. It has developed rural productivity as well as greatly improved output of farm produce, and solved farmers' living problems at a large level. However, although the Responsibility System is a more efficient systematic arrangement relative to Centralized Management by Production Team, with the improvement of rural productivity and the development of the commodity economy, the internal contradictions of the system have been gradually unveiled and turned into an important factor to innovation in the economic system in rural area. There are two basic prerequisites in the emergence of any rural cooperative economic organization: the development of a commodity economy and the widespread existence of independent commercial producers (Wang 1996:12). Since a series of reforms focusing on implementing the Responsibility System in wide rural areas of China, as a result, commodity economy has made rapid progress, and more than 200 million farmers have become independent commercial producers, which has laid the foundation for the emergence of rural cooperative economic organizations. As a result of this achievement, FSTA was established and it will be discussed it in details in the following section. 2. THE OUTLINE OF THE FSTA'S ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK The FSTA in Yuanshi County was founded in October 1992, when there was only a Breeding association. It has since successively established 7 specialized associations including an agricultural association, forestry and fruit association, vegetable association, edible mushroom association, apiculture association, dairy cow association, and a stock-cooperation committee (carrying out unified Capital running and financial management), which possesses more than 20,000 members (Gao 2004). These organizations are called Hebei Province Yuanshi County Agriculture Forestry & Stockbreeding Union.234 village-level associations were established in the whole county and nearby prefectures, and each of village-level associations has 1 or 2 directors. After many years' hard work, the FSTA has gradually become a rural cooperative organization; it is established an organizational network which has the following structure : the Union [arrow right] specialized associations [arrow right] village-level associations [arrow right] members. Its core activities are scientific technological demonstration, technological promotion, and technological service, while its content covers agriculture, forestry, stock fanning and processing. Furthermore there are clear regulations and archives management among the union from each association, village-level association to each member, and special director certificates and member certificates have been introduced. …


This paper describes how, in the year 2004, there were 3,257 traffic fatalities and 252,902 traffic crashes in the State of Florida. Among these crashes, 362 fatalities and 39,322 crashes occurred in the Tampa Bay region. According to Texas Transportation Institute's Urban Mobility Report 2005, the Tampa Bay area was among the top 20 metropolitan areas with the most annual delays per traveler. Past studies have reported an increase in crash rates with the increase in level of traffic congestion. This study was conducted by Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR) at the University of South Florida in order to determine the safety impacts of traffic congestion on the urban freeways in the Tampa Bay region. Florida Department of Transportation and Mobility Technologies have collected detailed data for the traffic flow on I-4, I-75 and I-275 in the Tampa Bay region for the past few years. This data was used to determine the level of congestion during different time of day. Mobility Technologies has also maintained a database of highway crashes on the freeway system. In this study, these two data sets were analyzed to determine the impact of congestion on the safety of the above mentioned roadways. A relationship, established by the study, between congestion level and traffic crashes would assist decision makers in implementing congestion mitigation strategies to maintain congestion levels below certain threshold values, beyond which, the likelihood of traffic crashes is high.


Vitamin B6 plays a crucial role as a cofactor in various enzymatic reactions but bacteria-produced vitamin B6 is not sufficient to meet host requirements. Our objective was to assess the impact of diet-derived vitamin B6 on gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics. Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 47) were fed a control, low B6 (LB6) or high B6 (HB6) diet for six weeks. Serum and cecal samples were collected for biochemical, metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling. There was a significant sex effect for gut microbiota and several metabolic markers. Bodyweight and percent body fat were significantly reduced in LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. Microbial beta-diversity differed significantly between LB6 and the control and HB6 rats in both sexes. Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bacteroides were the primary taxa driving the difference between LB6 and control. There was a significant separation of cecal and serum metabolites of LB6 compared to control and HB6 rats. In the cecum, arginine biosynthesis was impaired, while vitamin B6 metabolism, lysine degradation and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were impaired in serum metabolite profiles. Cecal propionate and butyrate were significantly reduced in LB6 rats irrespective of sex. Host vitamin B6 deficiency but not excess significantly alters gut microbial composition and its metabolites.


An ultrawide band (UWB) antipodal Vivaldi antenna is designed for airborne ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. With exponential tapered slots and slot edges, the presented antenna demonstrates a wide operating band from 300 MHz to more than 2 GHz. The fabricated prototype of this antenna with a compact size of 450 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \,\, 600$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times \,\, 1.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm has been measured in anechoic chamber. Both simulation and experimental results show that good radiation patterns with gain 4.4–11.5 dBi in the endfire direction could be achieved in the whole working band, which indicates that the proposed antenna is suitable for airborne GPR application.


In this letter, we present highly linear potentiation/depression behaviors of a neuromorphic synaptic device made of CMOS-compatible floating gate (FG) cells. The kinetics of the charge trap/detrap mechanism under various pulse shapes are analyzed to design a simple 2C-4T FG cell with a modulated column write driver for embedded incremental step pulse programming (ISPP) via analog feedback. Utilizing real-time ISPP, the linearity and symmetry of the weight update were significantly improved due to the content-aware programming strength. Moreover, the proposed circuit technique provides flexibility regarding the size of the program/erase steps in addition to the superior linearity. The proposed FG cells with peripheral circuits are fabricated using 180nm CMOS technology and exhibited a differential non-linearity (DNL) less than 0.946 least significant bit (LSB) with 100 weight states. The excellent linearity remains unchanged even when the directions of potentiation /depression are reversed throughout the entire range.


In this paper the idea of deep learning classifier is developed. The effectiveness of discriminative classifier, as e.g. multilayer perceptron, support vector machine can be improved by adding the data preprocessing blocks: orthogonal feature selection (Gram-Schmidt method) and nonlinear principal component analysis. We present the case study of various structures of deep learning systems (scenarios).


In order to search the method of visualization change and function extension of MIS, this paper deeply analyzes the structure and the core technologies of EAI and GIS. We design the module and file type of MIS visualization, and provide a SVG coding solution of GIS data. Using these technologies, we successfully realize visualization and function extension of MIS by integrating graphic information system.


By analyzing the distribution of ecological environment in Liliu distrit, in which the richness or deficiency of elements are related closely to living beings and human beings. Combining with the different hydrogeochemistry action and elements' formation, migration and differentiation, and human beings' health and some of the ecology-environmental problem of biont in hydrogeologic impounded structure zone, we give a multi-coupled model of hydrogeological hydrogeologic impounded structure, hydrogeochemistry and ecological environment. According to the Niche theory, we divide hydrogeologic impounded structure as three different ecological environment zone, and give carefully analysis and explanation. In the paper, water resources and ecological environment are looked as an integrated research system, the direction that water resources rational exploit and utilization in deferent ecological environment zone is given, the research of ecological environment controlling and transforming.


Location based services (LBS) potentially put the privacy of individuals at risk. The increased possibility to know people's whereabouts is posing the question of possibility versus desirability with regard to location privacy. The central question that this article aims to answer is how location privacy needs of cell phone users may be balanced with national security needs of society? Through a study of literature and rulings of the European Court of Human Rights a balancing framework was developed. The framework allowed for the assessment of the situation in the Netherlands, Germany and Canada with respect to the location data from mobile devices used by intelligence and security agencies to protect the national security. The research shows that the balancing should account for the totality of the circumstances. A true balancing should be accomplished on a case-by-case basis. It is not a priori to be determined whether and to what extent location privacy is at stake. A proper balancing strongly builds on the balancing process, especially when balancing is very context-sensitive. This process should be just with adequate safeguards against abuse.


Abstract : As the U.S. Army ends over a decade of war, Security Force Assistance (SFA) must become a permanent part of the Army institution. The U.S. Army must look at practical ways to adopt SFA into our core competencies. More importantly, SFA must become a part of the U.S. Army through the Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership, Personnel, and Facilities (DOTMLPF) construct. This action will ensure that language, responsibility, and legislation support a common understanding of how the Army will support the National Military Strategy in the coming years. The U.S. Army must look at the DOTMLPF to ensure unity of purpose, effort, and command to provide the most effective support to the Nation. Creating an integrated Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental, Multinational team will husband resources while improving the overall SFA construct with which the Department of Defense seeks to build partner capacity.


The invention relates to a method calculating a navigation direction angle by using the sky polarization mode distribution rule. The method is characterized in that on the basis of building a three-dimensional space coordinate system for describing a theoretic sky polarization mode, sky polarization information is described on a semi-spherical surface M in the three-dimensional space coordinate system, the semi-spherical surface M takes an origin as the center, and the radius of the semi-spherical surface M is r; and a finite number of sampling points are distributed symmetrically on the semi-spherical surface M, polarization information of the sampling points are acquired, and the position of a sky polarization mode symmetry axis, that is, the position of sun meridian line, is defined according to the symmetry of distribution of the sky polarization information and through the summation of polarization response, so that the direction angle information required in navigation is determined. The method can meet the requirements for accuracy, reliability and the like of the navigation using the sky polarization mode.


Abstract This paper considers two S-DI-A models in random environments. Firstly, using Has'minskii theory of periodic solution, we show that stochastic periodic S-DI-A model has a nontrivial positive periodic solution if . Then, we construct stochastic Lyapunov functions with regime switching to obtain the existence of ergodic stationary distribution of the solution to S-DI-A model perturbed by white and telephone noises. Finally, examples are introduced to illustrate the results developed.


High mass proto-stars create Ultra-Compact Hii regions (UCHII) at the stage of evolution when most of the accretion is finished but the star is still heavily embedded in molecular material. The morphologies of UCHII regions reflect the interactions of stellar winds, stellar motions, and density structure in the molecular cloud; they are complex and it has been very difficult to interpret them. We here present data obtained with TEXES on the NASA IRTF of the [NeII] emission line in the proto-cluster of young OB stars in W33 Main. The data cube has a spatial resolution of ~ 1.4 arcsec and true velocity resolution ~ 5 km/s; with A ~ 0.02Av it is relatively unaffected by extinction. We have run 3D hydrodynamic and line profile simulations, using PLUTO and RADMC-3D, of the gas structures created by multiple windy stars moving relative to each other through the ambient cloud. By iterative comparison of the data cube and the simulations, we arrive at models that reproduce the different morphology and kinematic structure of each UCHII region in W33 Main. The results indicate that each sub-source probably holds multiple exciting stars, permitting an improved view of the stellar population, and finds the stellar trajectories, which may determine the dynamical development of the proto-cluster.


Word Segmentation Norm and Orthography both play a key role in Chinese information processing,the former representing word segmentation,the latter representing word segmentation in concatenation of a word in Chinese phonetic alphabet.Based on the comparisons of Word Segmentation norm and Orthography,the article probes into the features of "words" and Word Segmentation Norm in Chinese information processing as well as the enlightenment to Chinese information word segmentation processing.


Integration of growing shares of renewable energy sources into the electricity networks have resulted in the need for
electricity network upgrade through pervasive deployment of information and communication technologies. Having
power sources close to the consumer premises and exploiting the potential of smart metering infrastructure may
lead to consumers' empowerment and energy savings. Therefore, the consumer should be approached with clear
engagement strategies in the early stages of the technological system development. The analysis of European smart
grid projects points to an increasing interest in consumers and communities as focal players for the success of the
future electricity system. This necessitates characterization of the consumer as well as the community from what
concerns values, beliefs and goals that are culturally and geographically located. In this context, this contribution
presents and discusses some EU smart grid projects with a focus on consumers and on their interactions within the
community. The abstract also demonstrates successful consumers' engagement strategies in large-scale deployment
of smart metering systems at national level, highlighting the need to address social needs and concerns at an early
stage of the technological system development.


Departamento de F´isica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.(February 1, 2008)Several quantum proper time derivatives are obtained from the Beck one in the usual frameworkof relativistic quantum mechanics (spin 1/2 case). The "scalar Hamiltonians" of these derivativesshould be thought of as the conjugate variables of the proper time. Then, the Hamiltonians wouldplay the role of mass operators, suggesting the formulation of an adequate extended indefinitemass framework. We propose and briefly develop the framework corresponding to the Feynmanparametrization of the Dirac equation. In such a case we derive the other parametrizations knownin the literature, linking the extension of the different proposals of quantum proper time derivativesagain.


In this work, the gravitational collapse of an inhomogeneous spherical star model, consisting of inhomogeneous dust in the background of perfect fluid or anisotropic fluid, is considered. The process of collapse is first examined separately for the dust and perfect fluid, and then under their combined effect, with or without interaction, for both marginally and nonmarginally bound cases. Finally, collapsing matter in the form of anisotropic fluid is investigated and it is found to be similar to that in the study by Chakraborty et al. (2005).


Abstract The oxidation property of powder metallurgy (PM) EP741NP Ni based superalloy in the temperature range of 700–1100°C is investigated by isothermal oxidation test, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results show that oxidation kinetics follows a square power law as the time extends. Oxidation layers are composed of Cr2O3 and TiO2 as well as a small amount of NiAl2O4, NiCo2O4 and NiCr2O4. Surface morphologies exhibit that spallation starts to occur at 900°C and becomes severe at 1000 and 1100°C. Cross-sectional morphologies and elemental distributions indicate that the oxidation layer consists of Cr and Ti rich oxide layers. Oxidation kinetics and layer thicknesses confirm that the oxidation activation energy is 164·87 kJ mol−1 and the oxidation process is controlled by diffusions of oxygen, Cr and Ti. A diffusion controlled mechanism is confirmed to understand the oxidation property of PM EP741NP superalloy at elevated temperatures.


Abstract A methodology is outlined whereby surface solution in a horizontally–bedded, homogeneous limestone can be modelled if the dominant fracture zones, and the ratio between the rate of vertical and horizontal solution [(δv/δh)KE] is known. The ratio (δv/δh)KE is climate and bedrock dependent; the most important climatic variable may be the frequency of intense rainfall, the most important bedrock property its mechanical strength. It is apparent from published data that mean (δv/δh)KE values in doline areas may be lower than in cockpit areas. The modelling procedure assumes that doline karst develops when (δv/δh)KE is less than 0.002 to 0.39 and cockpit karst when (δv/δh)KE is 0.40 to more than 0.70. Landscape models have been generated depicting the stage in karst development when closed depressions have just coalesced; these closely resemble some present–day doline and cockpit karst terrains.


trustworthy methods of preparation that may be-employe(d by either beginners or professors working in pathological laboratories. Among the adlditions, to this edition are Bielschowski's sitler impregnation stain for nerve fibres, connective tissue fibrils,. and reti'cil ; Bensles. fixation and staining to show the --presence of pytoplasmic mitochondria; and. G. Herxheimer'snew method of staininig fat with Sharlach R. The illustrations are wellclhosen, but the reproduiction of many, of them leaves miuch to be desired; there is a good index. Th'e book is inidispensable for use in patlhological laboratories.


It is a device for sharpening, in particular re-sharpening of knives and possibly wear plates of a blade ring for a knife ring by a grinding process, with at least one grinding device with at least one rotary table. On the turntable of the knife ring is fastened in such a way that the knife ring is rotatable relative to the grinding device in a horizontal arrangement with a vertically oriented axis. According to the invention the turntable and the grinding device are arranged on a rotary table, said rotary table for tilting the blade ring of an expansion position with a horizontal axis is pivotally mounted in a machining position with a vertical axis around a horizontal axis on a machine frame.


Aim: This study aims to test the psychometric properties of Odia translated Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) scale Method: A total of 167 participants were recruited for this study. The English version of the CYRM-R scale was translated into Odia and back-translated into English. Following item analysis, exploratory factor analysis using Oblique rotation was used to confirm the factor structure and internal consistency of the scale was established. Results: The items on the scale had a good inter-item correlation. The contextual resilience scale was removed due to low internal consistency. The final scale had two subscales namely individual and relational resilience. Significant differences were found in resilience between the two genders and CNCP & CCL population. Conclusion: The translated CYRM-R seems to be a good scale with high reliability to measure resilience among youth. However further study has to be done cross-culturally to generalise the results.


SUMMARY The aim of this paper was to try to make efficient the genetic improvement actions of the Phasianus Colchicus Colchicus population from the Pichia pheasant reserve, Timi � County. The study was carried out on a total of 115 50 common game pheasants belonging to the Forestry District Timioara. The stocks and delivery situation in year 200 7 is presented in Table 1. Table 1 Stocks and delivery situation of the pheasants from 2007 production, in December 312, 2007 (heads) Deliverable pheasant stock Based on the analysis made on the Phasianus Colchicus Colchicus population reared in Pichia reserve, TimiCounty, in the view of optimization the action of the genetic improvement, we could make the following recommendations: spring laying season should be designed for performance control, and the selected individuals, using a method similar to other species for the number of eggs, should reprod uce the population during the second season induced through the lighting program; becaus e we consider that the dominant autosomal gene for blue egg shell has a pleiotropic effect as reducing the hatchability, for incubation we recommend to use the dark brown eggs and possibly the light brown or grey eggs; in order to obtain pheasant carcasses with ye llow skin, in the selection actions autosomal w and sex linked id genes should be favored; in order to obtain white skin pheasant carcasses, in the selection actions autosomal W and sex linked Id genes should be favored; for each trait that should be improved the followin g parameters should be viewed: economic importance, genetic parameters, if there is a compl ex or simple trait, if there is limited, influenced or linked to sex, if it is affected by t he maternal effect, if requires or not slaughtering for knowing the own performances, if i t is affected by a genotype-environment interaction; as much a trait is more complex, thoug h is controlled by a wide polygenic complex, as much the own genetic parameters are modified compared to the genetic parameter of simple traits. This is the reason why the recommendation to keep as the genetic improvement objective simple traits is made; the wh ole genetic improvement objective should be simple that is to be composed by a low number of simple traits; the environment where the selection is carried out will be decided if the gen otype-environment interaction exists or not.


Rice sheath rot has become a highly destructive rice disease with a high variability in yield loss levels varying from 20 to 85%. It is caused by many pathogenic agents varying depending on the area, grown varieties, prevailing environmental conditions, the farming system, other pests, etc. Therefore, sheath rot disease can be effectively managed through crop improvement strategies viz., discovery of resistance sources from varieties, germplasm, landraces, wild genetic resources and further deploying them in breeding programmes. In this study, the level of resistance to sheath rot in 43 rice germplasm accessions were screened and the results were grouped using Darwin 6.0 statistical package from dissimilarity analysis. The percent disease index (PDI) was calculated and varietal reactions were presented. Out of 43 lines screened against sheath rot, six entries viz., Gowri, NLR 3449, Navara, Soorakkuruvai, Keralakandasala, krishnahemavathi were categorised as moderately resistant. Most of the lines and varieties viz., JGL 348, Abhya, LFR293, MDU5, Kalinga, Annada, Kodaikannan, TP-100008, TP-10106, Kuruvaikalanjium, Kalyani, Maranella, Seeragasamba, Thondi, Kavara, TPS-4, TPS-5, TP 08053 were found as moderately susceptible. However, the germplasm lines Swarna, Kattanur, Dhalaheera and JGL 3855 have been reported to be resistant to sheath rot. Sixteen germplasm lines viz., Bharathi, Uma, CO 39, Neikuruvai, CO 50, Rajalakshmi, Karsamba, JGL 1798, CO 51, BPT 5204, Virendra, JGL 1798, CO 51, BPT 5204 and Aman were designated as susceptible and three germplasm lines viz., Athira, Malampunchan, Adukan were found as highly susceptible. None of the entry in the present study was recorded as immune. The present investigation revealed that the resistant and moderately resistant genotypes viz., Swarna, Kattanur, Dhalaheera, JGL 3855, Gowri, NLR3449, Navara, Soorakuruvai, Keralakandasala, and Krishnahemavathi can be utilised in resistant breeding programmes for the development of sheath rot resistant lines in rice.


The efficiency and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells has come to the forefront of research and development efforts as sustainable transportation applications shift from passenger to heavy duty vehicles. Complementary research expertise and advanced instrumentation are required to accelerate materials discovery and degradation mitigation of fuel cell components, with significant attention on catalysts, ionomers and membranes. The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is among the key characterization techniques for accelerating materials and device development, providing key insights into atomic scale structure. Automating STEM data acquisition and analysis enables large data sets with improved statistical relevance and throughput will expand the impact of this method in the rapid materials and accelerated stress test development.
 We will show how the latest instrument developments in automation and high speed detectors enable new insights into catalyst structure and electrode layer degradation. This includes correlative, multimodal STEM techniques, such as aberration-corrected imaging, secondary electron detection, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cryogenic microscopy and 4D-STEM, to build a more comprehensive view of the effect of particle size and composition on surface strain and durability. These results will be correlated with information obtained from X-ray scattering techniques and fuel cell performance testing to understand the type and degree of degradation occurring during accelerated stress tests under development for heavy duty applications. The prospect of automated electron tomography coupled with identical location (IL)-STEM to provide detailed three-dimensional information on catalyst-support interactions will also be discussed.
 This material is based on work performed by the Million Mile Fuel Cell Truck (M2FCT) Consortium, technology managers Greg Kleen and Dimitrios Papageorgopoulus, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office. Electron microscopy research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The X-ray scattering experiments were performed at beamline 9-ID-C at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Use of the APS, an Office of Science user facility operated by ANL, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AS02-06CH11357


The heterogeneity and variants of Alzheimer disease (AD) arereviewed. There are cases with a slow or fast evolution and with early or late onset. Most casesare sporadic but there are also hereditary forms. About 50% of patients show neuropsychiatricdisorders (depression and psychoses). Some cases have a greater deficit of right or lefthemispheric functions. Among the variants, there are forms that start as pure aphasias,predominantly prefrontal cases and posterior cortical forms. Occasionally AD may simulateother disorders such as supranuclear palsy, corticobasal ganglionar degeneration and Jacob-Creutzfeldt disease. Finally, there are mixed forms, in which AD is associated withcerebrovascular disease (very commonly) and with other diseases such as dementia with Lewybodies. We conclude that AD is a heterogeneous disorder and, therefore, clinical diagnosis maybe insufficient. Biological markers and specific imaging studies are needed for a correct clinicaldiagnosis (Rev Med Chile 2005; 133: 477-82).(


Introduction: Menstrual cycle is the periodic shedding of endometrium accompanied by loss of blood during reproductive age.The period extending from the begining of menses to the begining of next one. The regulation of the normal cycle is under the control of neuro hormonal mechanisms with its feedback system present in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. This study was taken up to see the alterations in the immune cells(leukocytes cells) during menstrual cycle in the Medical students of Jawaharlal Institute of Medical sciences. Material and Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Science,Imphal.A total of 50 healthy female medical students were selected in the age group of 18-25yrs with regular cycles of 28±2days duration. Irregular cycles, gynaecological disorders, history of drug intake and history of recent infections or fever were excluded from the study. The immune cells were examined during menstrual, proliferative and secretory phases during a single cycle. The data collected was statistically analyzed by one way Anova. Results: There was statistically significant increased in total leukocyte count during secretory phase. Granulocyte count was increased significantly in secretory phase and small rise in agranulocyte count in secretory phase but was not statistically significant.Absolute neutrophil shows significant rise in secretory as well menstrual phase.Significant increased in the diffential neutrophil count in secretory phase and lymphocytes was increased in proliferative phase but was found no statistically significant. Eosinophil and monocyte count, there was not much variations in menstrual,proliferative and secretory phases. Conclusion: In the present study, there was statistically significant increased in total leukocyte count, Granulocyte count and diffential neutrophil count in secretory phase. Our study also shows rise in agranulocyte count in secretory phase, Differential lymphocytes count was increased in proliferative phase was not statistically significant but differetial eosinophil and monocyte count shows not much changes during menstrual cycle.This alterations in immune cells plays important roles in knowing the disorders commonly affecting females.


We investigate whether or not the impact of external firm monitoring on earnings strings is associated with the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Researchers have argued that earnings strings are likely a product of earnings management as earnings strings occur much more often than by chance. External monitors, such as auditors and analysts, may constrain this behavior. We measure the quality of the external monitoring using auditor tenure and number of analysts following the firm. We then examine whether or not this monitoring is more effective post-SOX, given the emphasis of SOX on improving auditing and financial reporting. We find that short and long auditor tenure, indicating lower quality external monitoring, is associated with reduced likelihood and length of earnings strings post-SOX, but the role of analysts as external monitors in relation to earnings strings is only partially affected by SOX. Our results are consistent with stronger auditing and an improved information environment post-SOX.


A nature morte with a blue bed cover; between the cover's bourgeois cotton blue and the wall, which is suffused with a light cloudy bluishness, an exquisite large, gray-glazed ginger pot holding its own between right and left. An earthy green bottle of yellow Curaçao and furthermore a clay vase with a green glaze reaching down two thirds of it from the top. On the other side, in the blue cover, some apples have partly rolled out from a porcelain dish whose white is determined by the blanket's blue. This rolling of red into blue is an action that seems to arise as naturally from the colorful events in the picture as the relationship between two Rodin nudes does from their sculptural affinity.


Longitudinal studies of extreme low birthweight (ELBW) sequelae have most often focused on cognitive rather than on social or behavioral outcomes. Our objective was to examine these latter sequelae which also influence school and academic performance. Methods: We matched 24 children, 3-8 years of age, who were born from 1988-1992 weighing ≤ 1000gm (mean 860 gm, gestational age 27 wks) with 13 same-aged children born at term with birthweights ≥ 2500 gm (mean 3564 gm, gestational age 40 wks). Temperamental, behavioral, and social competency outcomes were assessed by parent report [Temperament Assessment Battery for Children (TABC), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)] and investigator evaluation [Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS)]. Academic skills were assessed using the Test of Early Math Ability-2 (TEMA-2) and the Test of Early Reading Ability-2 (TERA-2). Results: ELBW subjects had more difficulty with attention and social interactions as compared to normal birthweight (NBW) controls. On theCBCL, the ELBW group scored significantly higher than the NBW group on subscales measuring attention problems (59± 8 vs 51± 2, p=0.014) and social problems (57 ± 8 vs 50 ± 1, p=0.02). On theVABS, ELBW children showed poorer development of adaptive behaviors including communication (p=0.003), daily living skills (p=0.002), and motor skills (p=0.002) as compared to NBW controls. In the VABS Socialization Domain, ELBW children had lower standard scores than controls (p=0.001) reflecting poorer social competency. ELBW children were also more likely to score in the "low" range (<2 SD) on the Adaptive Behavior Composite of the VABS (p=0.039). On the TABC, ELBW children were rated by parents to have higher activity levels than NBW children (51 ± 9 vs 43 ± 9, p=0.03). ELBW children scored less well on theTEMA-2 (89 ± 15 vs 106 ± 19, p=0.008) and theTERA-2 (96 ± 16 vs 111 ± 15, p=0.01). Conclusion: Compared to term NBW children, the ELBW group had higher activity levels and demonstrated more difficulty with attention, social competency, and adaptive behaviors. These problems may contribute to low self-esteem and impair socialization skills, adversely affecting success in school and academic performance.


Optical glass flats that closely simulate the elements used in the Startracker lens designs were exposed to doses of ionizing radiation ranging from 0.44 to 1300 krad. Photometer traces determined the transmittance of the samples as a function of both wavelength and dose for wavelengths in the range 300 to 1200 nm. Cerium stabilized glasses used in the radiation stabilized Startracker system showed only a small amount of darkening for doses up to and exceeding 1 Mrad. Glasses used in the unstabilized Startracker design showed significant darkening to visible and ultra-violet spectra for doses as low as 5 krad. Plots of transmittance versus wavelength for various doses are given for each of the Startracker optical elements. Radiation induced absorption parameters that determine the radiation induced absorption coefficient are tabulated and plotted versus wavelength.


In this paper, the first and second maximum values of the first and second Zagreb indices of vertex tri-cyclic graphs are obtained.