With the recent flow of funding to support instructional technology and interactive learning environments through the E-Rate, Technology Innovation Challenge Grants (TICG), Technology Literacy Grants, Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers to use Technology (PT3) grants, and grants from various foundations, there is an increased emphasis on exploring the sustainability of these innovations once the grant funding has ended. The literature on institutionalization, scalability, and sustainability that is explored within this article goes back several decades, but in all cases, the innovation is considered to be sustained within an organization. Although institutions of higher education, educational consortia, and K-12 schools are organizations, grants cannot be considered as organizations. Hence, issues of bringing about systemic change, transforming traditional institutions into learning organizations, scaling the innovations, leveraging funds, forming new partnerships, and spawning new entities to support and sustain valued activities are areas that are ripe for further research.


A process for producing a mirrored trench as a light guide in optical rotary joints comprises the steps of forming a groove in a support structure, galvanic application of a reflection layer by means of a mold anode which has a contour corresponding to the contour of the trench, and burnishing the surface to reduce the surface roughness ,


GB/T 7216-2009,ASTM A247-1998and ISO 945-1-2008for the classification of graphite in gray cast iron were introduced.The characteristics of different graphite morphology,causes and impact on performance were analyzed to investigate differences in the assessment of graphite size,as well as significance of metallographic test location.Meanwhile,the understanding of block graphite in gray cast iron were clarified.


There are many areas of application of biotechnology in the textile industry, one of which is production of novel colorants using microorganisms that have certain distinct advantage over those produced from plants and animals. The present study is an attempt to isolate and optimize the fermentation condition of Trichoderma spp.to explore the possibility of extracting colors and its application in terms of dyeing silk and wool fabrics. It was found that the optimum culture cond itions for Trichoderma spp . waspotatodextrose broth at a temperature of 28∫C in 25 days in static conditions. Dyed samples were also evaluated in terms of percentage absorption and color value which was found to be greater for wool than silk. The fastness test of the final dyed samples revealed to have good to excellent fastness for washing and rubbing .Trichoderma spp.has demonstrated antifungal property.


The article analyzes the contribution of Julian de Luna y de la Pena to the debate about the increase of pauperism in the early stages of the liberal revolution, which has been associated with the term "Social Question". This contribution is summarized in his Tratado de Economia Politica , an unpublished document elaborated in the first half of 19th century, which has come to our days thanks to its conservation by his grandson, the astronomer and writer Mario Roso de Luna. In dealing with this issue, Julian de Luna was deeply influenced by Malthus' contributions to the Poor Laws and their negative implications for wealth generation; also by Alvaro Florez Estrada's thought on private property of the land, aspects that underlie the main substrate of the author's thinking regarding the process of wealth generation.


Here we have a rare antique Allis Chalmers D-19 tricycle.
Wayne, my grandfather, and I purchased this bad bitch yesterday at an auction in Eageville, TN.


Conflict can be a stimulating part of life and an energizer in the workplace. Property ad- dressed, we can make it work for us - and keep ourselves out of court. Although conflict management is of crucial importance in organizations, there is considerable confusion about the true nature of confict In this paper amodel which clearly identifies the key factors which contribute to organizational conflict. Anew contingency model that can be used by managers to select the most appropriate confictmanagement style depending on the circumstances of the particular conflict situation. This study also showed that the higher up the organizational hierarchy you move, the more time you will be likely to spend in conflict management.


A fiber optic distributed system based on Brillouin scattering (BOTDR) is an interesting alternative for the load monitoring of building structures and line structures. For the purpose of monitoring deformations, special fiber optic cables with a close bond between optical fibers and cable protective elements are specified. It turns out that standard telecommunication optical cables can be used for some applications in the civil engineering. This paper provides an analysis of the impact of using these cables in harsh environments that is an integral part of engineering structures. The primary interest of this paper is the study of the influence of excessive humidity and temperature variation on the life and optical properties of standard cables implemented in building structures for measurement applications. The results are derived from long-term testing of standard fiber optic cables implemented in concrete structures in harsh environments to determine the suitability of using these cables for the reliability of long-term monitoring of building structures such as buildings, bridges or tunnels.


This study aimed to examine the effect of voluntary disclosure, namely
Management's Responsibility for Financial Reports/MRF as an independent
variable on accrual earnings management and real. The first test to examine the
influence of variables on earnings management MRF accrual. Next, analyze the
influence of variables on earnings management real MRF, which is divided into
three variables. Three of the dependent variable is abnormal operating cash flow,
abnormal discretionary expense, and abnormal production costs.
Data used in this research is secondary data. The study population was all
companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling method in this
research is purposive sampling with criteria of the company that publishes an
annual report and sustainability report in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The total number
of samples in this study were 135 companies. The analysis technique used is
multiple linear regression analysis with OLS model.
The results showed that the MRF variables significantly influence
earnings management discretionary accruals and abnormal loads. While the MRF
variable has no effect on operating cash flow abnormalities and abnormal
production costs.


Connecting rod is one of the important parts of diesel engine, connecting rod pass the cylinder combustion pressure to the crankshaft and external work, in a very short period of time the connecting rod will undertake a different alternating load, so the strength and fatigue situation has been the focused by researchers at home and abroad. In this paper, Pro / MECHANICA finite element analysis software is used to the structural analysis of the 240 diesel engine connecting rod, the strength and fatigue life of this type of connecting rod are the main analysis in this paper.


.................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. iv Table of contents ......................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................... vii Table of Figure ......................................................................................................... viii


The fecundity of 100 gravid female fishes of Jat puti, Puntius sophore , was collected from the experimental ponds of the Field Laboratory Complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh was estimated during the period from June to August 2011. Collected samples were clustered month-wise: group A (collected in June), group B (collected in July) and group C (collected in August). The estimated fecundity ranged of 7951 to 17670; 8135 to 23053 and 12461 to 15105 eggs and the mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 23.44 ± 2.50; 30.47 ± 4.52 and 28.43 ± 2.99 was estimated for the fish group of A, B, and C, respectively. The relationship between fecundity and total length was linear and it was expressed as: Ln F= 1634 ln TL-1972; Ln F= 119405 ln TL-273.53 and Ln F= 1831.6 ln TL+ 825.31 in group A, B, and C, respectively. The regression equation between body weight and total length was linear and it was expressed as: Ln W= 2.2128 ln TL- 0.7048; Ln W= 2.0207 ln TL+ 0.3493 and Ln W= 1.4438 ln TL+ 5.5694, in group A, B, and C, respectively. The regression equation between body weight and fecundity was linear and it was expressed as: F= 656.84 W+199.96, F= 438.16 W+2470, F= 1116.1 W-3433.5, in group A, B, and C, respectively. The fecundity was highly correlated with the total length, and body weight and P. sophore may be a medium fecund fish. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14833 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 295-300 2012


Is fitness for purpose a fundamental term in hire-purchase contracts? The need for clarification of concepts and propositions in the area of the position of exemption clauses has already been demonstrated by the discussion of the difference between "fundamental terms" and "fundamental breach". In the Charterhouse case we have seen one variety of judicial approach arising from this difference. But there is a further conflict of judicial opinion in the case which calls for further clarification of doctrine. The three members of the Court of Appeal agree that apart from the limited provision of the Hire-Purchase Acts there is to be implied in all hire-purchase agreements a fitness for purpose term. But while Ormerod L.J. describes such a term as fundamental, Upjohn L.J. denies that it possesses this character. Donovan L.J. is probably in accord with the view of Upjohn L.J. though he makes no explicit statement. Upjohn L.J. envisages hire-purchase agreements as containing a fundamental "correspondence with description" term in addition to a non-fundamental "fitness for purpose" term. These judicial opinions are derived from the precedents. These are few in number and can be examined separately. This examination, it is submitted, will show that much of the conflict is terminological and that the subject is in need of further theoretical analysis.


Excerpt The coxsackie viruses, particularly group B, have been shown to cause acute pericarditis and myocarditis. The detection in adults of myocarditis or pericarditis caused by the Coxsackie viru...


Recently, we demonstrated that small-molecule azomethines are promising candidates as electron-donating materials for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Azomethines can be prepared via well-known condensation chemistry, with water being the sole byproduct. Here we present a record power conversion efficiency for azomethine-based small-molecule OPV devices of 2.2%. To understand the underlying physics limiting device performance, devices of the small-molecule azomethine TPA–TBT–TPA were characterized using a range of spectroscopic and electro-optical techniques. Light-intensity-dependent current-density measurement showed the presence of nongeminate charge recombination, which is most likely the result of poor charge mobility. In addition, transient absorption measurements showed a relatively short lifetime for the exciton (120 ps). However, due to the very fast charge dissociation (<300 fs), charge separation is relatively efficient. This knowledge presents a guideline for preparing subsequent generation...


The question of transient stability control is revisited, various types of controls are identified, and a general approach to closed-loop emergency control is proposed. The focus is on feasibility aspects, general salient features and illustration of stabilization capabilities of an emergency control scheme relying on generation shedding.


papers in the book go far beyond interpreting national statistical data and look for drivers or pressures behind economic growth with regard to domestic households. The design of the research agenda for consumer behavioural analysis by Gatersleben and Vlek, as well as the results of their surveys, clearly show that economic theory has so far neglected the complexity of the household issue. HOMES really makes a difference. Green Households is the first report of the HOMES research project, but already this provides the reader with a better understanding of the interrelationship of households and the environment. Personally I will be very interested in further results of the ongoing research programme. JÖRG KÖHN University of Rostock, Parkstrasse 6,18051 Rostock, Germany


In 1912 Henderson and Palmer (1912) introduced a technique for determining the pH of the urine and applied it to the study of twentyfour-hour specimens from 222 normal and pathological cases. Their observation showed a rarge of pH from 5.0 to 7.4. They also observed that the pH of the urine rises to some extent following a meal. The pH curve of normal urine was also studied by Hasselbalch (1912) who reported a fall in pH immediately after each meal followed by a rise to a maximum about three hours later. Fiske (1921) confirmed the existence of this rise in pH after meals and observed pH values during the alkaline tide as high as 7.7. He studied also the phosphate excretion during the period of the alkaline tide. Hubbard, Munford and Allen (1924) observed that the alkaline tide occurred only in individuals who showed presence of free HCl in the stomach during digestion. Higgins (1914) and Erdt (1915) found a rise of alveolar pCO2 during digestive activity. Van Slyke, Stilhman and Cullen (1917) confirmed this observation and found that the plasma bicarbonate in some cases increases slightly, in others not. Dodds (1921) and Dodds and McIntosh (1923) observed a rise in the CO2 content of the blood and in alveolar pCO2 about one-half hour after meals followed by a secondary fall in both at the time the urinary alkaline tide occurs. Leathes (1919) found that normal active individuals given water without food at 8 a.m. showed an increased urinary alkalinity during the morning hours. He attributed the alkalinity to increased pul-


As a result of the reduced incidence of uterine cervical carcinoma associated with screening, carcinoma of the uterine endometrium (EC) has become the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. As for several other solid tumor types, familial clustering of EC is recognized, although the literature on this topic is relatively sparse and has been slow to materialize. For example, in a 1949 doctoral thesis on the role of heredity in EC, Brobeck concluded that "no hereditary tendency to the development of cancer of the endometrium has ever been observed." Evidence to counter to this view included case reports of siblings with early-onset EC, now a well-established hallmark of genetic predisposition to cancer generally. Early genetic-based evidence for the potential role of heredity in EC included the observation that blood group A was over-represented in EC patients. More recent epidemiologic studies demonstrated increased relative risks of EC and colorectal cancer in relatives of EC patients. Notably, in the study by Gruber et al, the authors concluded that a family history of EC was an independent risk factor for EC alone, and that 5% of ECs may be attributable to a site-specific EC syndrome. A historic precursor to the seminal advance in our understanding of genetic susceptibility to EC occurred in 1913, when Alfred Warthin, a pathologist at the University of Michigan, described an excess of gastric and uterine cancers in the family of his seamstress, who later died of EC. The ever-expanding pedigree of Warthin's "cancer family G" was systematically studied during the next six decades by Warthin, his colleagues Hauser and Weller, and finally Henry Lynch et al. The recognition of similar kindreds by Lynch et al in 1966 led to the description of a cancer-prone syndrome that included aggregation of colon, gastric, and notably, endometrial cancers, which they termed the "cancer family syndrome." In 1984, the terms Lynch syndromes I and II were proposed by Boland and Troncale as corresponding to site-specific familial colorectal cancer and the cancer family syndrome, respectively, without antecedent polyposis. Then, during a 7-year period from 1991 to 1997, a series of advances extraordinary in pace and breadth resulted in the establishment of a clinical definition (the Amsterdam criteria) of what is now known as the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome, localization and cloning of the tumor suppressor genes responsible for HNPCC (MSH2, MLH1, and MSH6) all involved in the same pathway of DNA mismatch repair, and characterization at the genetic and biochemical levels of the molecular hallmark of tumors associated with defective mismatch repair, microsatellite instability (MSI). The term HNPCC is now preferable to the historical terms cancer family syndrome and Lynch syndrome(s). Although it remains common to hear health professionals refer to HNPCC as Lynch II, the latter term, although an appropriate tribute to Henry Lynch and his work, propagates confusion and should be avoided because the distinction between Lynch syndromes I and II, as originally proposed, is likely artificial at the genetic level. There is no evidence for a distinct genetic basis for Lynch syndrome I, which likely represents HNPCC with over-representation of colorectal cancers, or in some cases the incomplete or inaccurate ascertainment of family histories. An analogous cancer genetics story evolved over several years after the discovery of the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2; sitespecific ovarian cancer was soon shown to represent a variant manifestation of the breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, with essentially all such kindreds showing linkage to BRCA1. In contrast, there remains a substantial proportion of site-specific breast cancer families that are apparently not linked to the BRCA1/2 or other known breast cancer susceptibility alleles, and BRCA3 does not appear to be forthcoming. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 23 NUMBER 21 JULY 2


Sexual intimacy as a means of transferring spiritual power appears to have been a Mandan-Hidatsa ceremonial trait borrowed by three Algonkian Plains tribes as part of the graded men's societies com...


Radiation exposures at ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) at several orders of magnitude greater than in current clinical radiotherapy have been shown to manifest differential radiobiological responses compared to conventional dose rates (CONV). This has led to studies investigating the application of UHDR for therapeutic advantage (FLASH-RT) which have gained significant interest since the initial discovery in 2014 that demonstrated reduced lung toxicity with equivalent levels of tumour control compared with conventional dose-rate radiotherapy. Many subsequent studies have demonstrated the potential protective role of FLASH-RT in normal tissues, yet the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of the FLASH effect remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we summarise the current evidence of the FLASH effect and review FLASH-RT studies performed in preclinical models of normal tissue response. To critically examine the underlying biological mechanisms of responses to UHDR radiation exposures, we evaluate in vitro studies performed with normal and tumour cells. Differential responses to UHDR vs CONV irradiation recurrently involve reduced inflammatory processes and differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. In addition, frequently reduced levels of DNA damage or misrepair products are seen after UHDR irradiation. So far, it is not clear what signal elicits these differential responses, but there are indications for involvement of reactive species. Different susceptibility to FLASH effects observed between normal and tumour cells may result from altered metabolic and detoxification pathways and/or repair pathways used by tumour cells. We summarize the current theories that may explain the FLASH effect and highlight important research questions which are key to a better mechanistic understanding and, thus, the future implementation of FLASH-RT in the clinic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Alfven waves, made to propagate along an ambient magnetic field and polarized transverse to a gravitational field g, with wave amplitude stratified along g, are shown to reduce the growth rate of interchange instability by increasing the effective inertia by a factor of 1+(B¯y′∕B¯zkz)2, where B¯z is the ambient magnetic field, kz is the wavenumber, and B¯y′ is the wave amplitude shear. Appropriately placed Alfven wave power could thus be used to enhance the stability of interchange and ballooning modes in tokamaks and other interchange-limited magnetically confined plasmas.


Utilizing robotic hands for manipulating objects and assembly requires one to deal with problems like immobility, grasp planning, and regrasp planning. This chapter integrates some essential subjects on robotic grasping: the first section presents a concise taxonomy of robotic grippers and hands. Then the basic concepts of grasping are provided, including immobility, form-closure, and force-closure, 2D and 3D grasping, and Coulomb friction. Next, the principles of grasp planning, measures of grasping quality, pre-grasp, stable grasps, and regrasp planning are presented. The chapter presents comparisons for robotic grippers, a new classification of measures of grasp quality, and a new categorization of regrasp planning approaches.


The Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) standard is used to describe a cloud application and cloud architecture in order to allow a portable deployment to other compatible cloud and multi-cloud applications. P-TOSCA is recently proposed model and proved concept, which is an extension of the TOSCA standard to improve the TOSCAs ambiguities and weaknesses. In this paper we use the P-TOSCA model for other issues that are also very important in virtualized datacenters and cloud computing, that is, to enlarge/extend the energy efficient management system. A prototype application that dynamically creates a target virtual machine on utilized physical compute node, ports the application(s) from a virtual machine hosted on an underutilized physical server to the target virtual machine in Eucalyptus cloud is presented, which is specified with P-TOSCA. After migration, the prototype application will shut down the underutilized empty physical node.


This paper is concerned with nonlinear rheological fluids of Oldroyd type. We present a (formal) stability analysis of the corresponding system of equations, showing stability limits on the Weisenberg number in certain cases. To this end, we proceed in several steps, thus separating the possible sources for instabilities. First, a spectral analysis of the linearized Oldroyd system is presented. Then, the influence of the βa-term on the stability of the constitutive stress equation and of the full Oldroyd system is examined. Moreover, because this stability analysis is of formal and linear nature, we complement it by numerical simulations for the system showing that the upper limit of the Weisenberg number found by the stability analysis is fairly sharp. We thereby try to shed some light on the high Weisenberg number problem, that is, the problem why in certain cases there seem to exist no solutions to the Oldroyd problem for large Weisenberg numbers. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In order to meet the surface requirements of the strengthened surface metallurgy parts,this paper mainly studied microstructure,hardness and friction and wear of the plasma-sprayed ceramic coating of Al2O3-13wt% TiO2.The results show that Al2O3-13% TiO2 coating has a good bond strength and density. Combination of strength is low relatively; and the hardness is larger; However,because of more containing ceramics,thermal shock resistance is slightly worse.


Medium-normal education has formed the perfect tradition.Under the deep developing situation of education-reform, the normal school which will be the institutions of higher education are lack of the relative experiences. How to renew the idea, and put the relation in order are the keys to train primary school teachers who have the higher quality.


Introduction: bibliometric indicators allow characterizing the scientific production of a journal. Objective: describe the scientific production of the Cuban Journal of Dentistry from 2009 to 2013. Method: a descriptive, transversal study was conducted. All articles published in the Cuban Journal of Dentistry from 2009 to 2013 were selected. The type and number of papers, thematic, authors and their country of origin, bibliographyc updating, and the impact factor were variables studied. SciELO Cuba was used to obtain the information. The absolute frequencies and the percentage from the descriptive statistics were used. The results obtained were presented in tables and graphs for their better interpretation. Results: 226 papers were published, 114 were original articles, 20 were bibliographic reviews, 60 were report of clinical case, 14 were on pedagogy and history, and 18 on others. There were 758 authors: 161 Cuban authors, 43 Brazilian, 11 Colombian, 4 Mexicans, 3 Chileans, 2 Venezuelans, 1 Argentines and 1 Peruvian. 93 articles were on oral surgery, 87 on epidemiology of oral diseases, 14 on history and pedagogy, 11 on community health, 7 on natural and traditional medicine, 14 on other topics. The 2009 impact factor was 0.1795 and 0.3394 in 2013. Conclusions: a significant number of items have been published from 2009 to 2013; there was predominance of original articles and case presentations, the Cuban and Brazilian authors were highlighted; updated references and impact factor discreetly showed a upward trend.


The mystical causes of diseases related with the Igbo traditional belief system are briefly investigated in this research. The specific goals are to look at mystical/spiritual reasons and techniques of fighting diseases, as well as their benefits and drawbacks in terms of disease therapy. For data analysis, the study used a qualitative phenomenological research design and a descriptive approach. Personal interviews were the major source of data collecting, whereas library materials were the secondary source. According to the study, several mystical forces in Igbo cosmology, sorcerers, Ogbanje, curses arising from the violation of taboos and oaths are to be blamed for untimely deaths and sicknesses befalling people. As a result, even in the face of western Germ theory, the Igbo belief in mystical causes of disease has proven that Germ theory, as far as the Igbo traditional conception of disease causation is concerned, does not satisfy the Igbo belief in what causes diseases, as some diseases have defied western medication. The study proposes, among other things, that hospitals in Nigeria should take into account mystical agents as well as pathogenic agents in order to provide proper and adequate treatment for the people who believe in such traditional approached.


Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) systems are used to capture images of the human digestive tract for medical applications. The antenna is one of the most important components in a WCE system. In this paper, we propose a compact capsule antenna operating at the 433-MHz ISM band. The antenna conforms to the outer-wall of a small capsule module with dimensions of $19.5\ \mathbf{mm} \times 10\ \mathbf{mm}$. A colon-equivalent tissue phantom and CST Gustav voxel human body model were used to numerically verify the operation of the capsule antenna. The simulation results in the colon-tissue phantom were then validated through in-vitro measurements using a liquid phantom. According to the phantom simulations, the capsule antenna has −10 dB impedance matching from 288 to 2200 MHz. The ultrawideband characteristic enables the capsule antenna to tolerate the detuning effects due to electronic modules in the capsule and due to the proximity of various different tissues in gastrointestinal tracts. While providing ultrawide operational bandwidth and sufficient radiation performance, the small size makes the antenna suitable especially for pediatric patients in addition to adults.


: Objectives: The main goal of the study was to investigating the relation between perceived social supports with severity of chronic pain in fire fighters of Tehran city. Method: this was a descriptive and correlational study. Accordingly, 400 fire fighters were selected through cluster random sampling. All subjects filled chronic pain questionnaire and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). Data was analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. Results: results showed that there is significant and negative relationship (p<0/0001) between severity of chronic pain with perceived social support and its' aspects (supports from family, friends and important persons). Conclusion: findings of this study again demonstrated the important role of socio-psychological factors in predicting severity of chronic pain.


Summary 1. When serum with abnormally hiqh gamma globulin concentration 1s diluted with a solution containing a certain small amount of copper or zinc sulfate, a turbid precipitate forms and the optical density of the suspension is proportional to the concentration of gamma globulin. 2. Such an estimation of increase in gamma globulin really measures the total globulin elevation in pathological sera because hyperglobulinemia is almost always due to an alteration in the gamma globulin fraction of the serum. 3. The test has proved useful for determining alterations in gamma globulin during the course of an acute illness such as infectious hepatitis. 4. It was found to be of particular value in detecting persistent liver disease following infectious hepatitis. In a group of 41 patients with cirrhosis of the liver the reaction was positive in every case.


Increasing the technological efficiency of root harvesting machines by developing and substantiating new technological processes for the operation of root crop heap cleaning systems is an urgent task. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical mathematical models of the functioning of the working bodies of treatment systems. Mathematical models of the resulting velocity and the angle of reflection of the root crop from the surface of the auger screw, which is mounted above the working branch of the feed conveyor, were obtained.


While various reasons, such as symptomatic relief, drug toxicity, migration etc., have been suggested for defaulting by patients, Almeide4 noted the importance of personality factors and Pandey5 found complex socioeconomic factors responsible in 15 % of treatment dropouts. These factors assume serious proportions when services are rendered at the domiciliary level, where the presence of the patient in the home often leads to disaster in the family circle and intrapersonal, inter-personal and economic problems increase in a disquieting manner, seriously interfering with the process of treatment. When this occurs, a constellation of


Lightning voltage induced by nearby strokes is one of the causes of major overvoltages which threaten the insulation of power distribution lines. Surge arresters as well as an overhead ground wire usually are employed for the protection of equipment and line insulation on overhead power distribution lines.

The fundamental mechanism of suppressing effects of overvoltages induced by nearby strokes has been demonstrated independently by one of the present authors for surge arresters and for an overhead ground wire.

In this paper, the protective effect of the combination of surge arresters and overhead ground wire is analyzed. As a result, it is found that the effect of surge arresters used together with an overhead ground wire is almost the same as that of surge arresters alone.


The article reviews the extensive effort (and little judicial success) of advocates of same-sex marriage to invoke the "Loving analogy" to support their claims for same-sex marriage. The precedents are examined, noting that U.S. Supreme Court explicitly considered and rejected the "Loving" analogy just five years after it decided Loving v. Virginia. There is extensive literature from African-American leaders, scholars, and commentators who reject on eight different grounds the "Loving analogy" to same-sex marriage. African-American voters have similarly rejected the analogy as they have voted against same-sex marriage overwhelmingly in proportions exceeding that of other groups of Americans generally. Our article argues that the "Loving" analogy for same-sex marriage misapplies Loving and infringes upon the fundamental principles of Loving v. Virginia. Three appendices and five maps are included to illustrate our assertions. We conclude that the sooner the Loving analogy for same-sex marriage is buried, "the better it will be for the legacy of Loving."


Short‐term oestradiol treatment modulates hippocampus‐dependent memory and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Long‐term oestradiol treatment can also enhance hippocampus‐ dependent memory, although the effects of long‐term oestradiol treatment on synaptic plasticity are unknown. We investigated the effects of long‐term oestradiol treatment on synaptic plasticity at the Schaeffer Collateral/CA1 synapse in 8‐month‐old female rats. In addition, we determined the role of endogenous activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in synaptic transmission and plasticity using scopolamine (1 μm), an antagonist of mAChRs. Hippocampus slices from ovariectomised rats that were treated with oestradiol‐containing capsules for 5 months were compared with slices from ovariectomised rats that received cholesterol‐containing capsules. Unexpectedly, scopolamine application significantly increased the baseline field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) and decreased paired pulse facilitation (PPF) in slices from cholesterol‐treated rats. Baseline fEPSPs and PPF were not significantly modulated in slices from oestradiol‐treated rats by scopolamine. Slices from oestradiol‐treated rats showed enhanced long‐term potentiation relative to slices from cholesterol‐treated rats. Scopolamine significantly reduced the magnitude of plasticity in slices from oestradiol‐treated rats. Taken together, these results suggest that mAChRs have a significant effect on baseline synaptic transmission through a decrease in the probability of glutamate release in slices from cholesterol‐treated rats. Long‐term oestradiol treatment blocks this effect and enhances theta‐burst stimulation‐induced synaptic plasticity in the middle‐aged female rat, and this effect is mediated by activation of mAChRs.


Objective To analyze the immunity status of the floating children in Houjie town of Dongguan city and provide scientific basis for setting up immunization programs for the population. Methods The data of the immunization records and surveillance on related diseases of the floating children born in 2002 to 2004 in Houjie town of Dongguan city was analyzed. Results The full coverage rates of five vaccines (BCG ?OPV?DTP?measles and Hepatitis B vaccine) of floating children born in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 69.42%, 70.17% and 69.78%, respectively, while those of local children born in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 99.36%, 98.36% and 97.66%, respectively. The full immunization rates of the five vaccines of floating children were significantly lower than those of local children born in 2002 to 2004( χ2=380.45,336.96,317.48;P0.005). The positive rates of anti-HBs IgG antibody of MV,the neutralization antibody of Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ poliomyelitis were 45.21%,72.37%,93.33%,97.33% and 94.67%, respectively, with the GMT of 7.55 mIU/ml, 1∶576.10, 1∶164.28, 1∶288.68 and 1∶70.2, respectively. The floating children accounted for 99.72% in all measles cases reported in 2004 to 2005, among which 57.45% was between 0 and 6 year-old. Conclusion The low vaccination rates of the five vaccines, low antibody positive rates and the low level of GMT of floating children lead to the accumulation of susceptible population and the outbreak or epidemic of related infectious diseases. It is suggested that it should enforce the immunization program to increase the immunization rate of the floating children.


People spend up to one-third of lives asleep, and healthy sleep habits can make a big difference in their quality of life. But in modern society, many people have unhealthy sleep diaries and suffer from various sleep disorders, which may result in irregular mood fluctuations or even mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. We propose the Emotion-Aware Smart Tips (EAST), a novel approach that could help to inform users about their irregular emotional states with smart tips to improve their sleep qualities. EAST aims at helping users keep healthy sleep schedules and emotional states by providing smart tips through a novel model that combines multivariate regression, random forest, and neural network to quantify the relations between sleep patterns and emotional states. Prototype implementation and initial experiments of EAST in mobile phones have demonstrated its desired functionality and practicality for real-world deployment.


Abstract Environmental research has recently attracted much attention in the scientific and engineering communities. The resounding theme in the literature is an emphasis on achieving a globally friendly environment while the environment is preserved and its quality improved upon. Attaining a high level of health status has also been the primary concern of its stakeholders. New technologies are continuing to emerge, thereby stimulating mutual research interaction among the scientific and technical communities on all the six continents. The inter‐disciplinary problems posed by natural and human‐induced changes in the earth's environment has therefore been the concern of many investigators in ecology, geography, civil engineering, marine engineering, biology, chemistry, earth science and physics, among others. Yet, there is a gap in the body of knowledge on environmental research. The popular and scholarly literature is deficient in studies that reflect the past, present and future trends of research in the...


Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of GBM is still poor despite first-line therapy, and the median overall survival (OS) is 12-15 months, while the 5-year survival does not exceed 5%. Despite aggressive initial treatment, most patients develop recurrent diseases. Novel drug combinations for malignant CNS tumors are under investigation. Panobinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) with antineoplastic and antiangiogenic effects in glioma, and we previously noted synergy with combination of panobinostat and imipridone ONC206. ONC206 is under clinical investigation for treating adult and pediatric brain tumor patients. We decided to investigate the triple combination of ONC206, Panobinostat and radiation against glioma cells.
 Materials & Methods: We investigated cell viability and drug synergies of ONC206 plus Panobinostat with or without radiation in 4 human GBM cell lines at 72 hours.
 Results: We identified synergy between impridone ONC206 and Panobinostat which improved with radiation therapy IC50 values of panobinostat and ONC206 against cell lines U138, U87, T98G & U251MG ranges from 29-85 nM & 0.8-1.2 μM, respectively. Synergies between ONC206 and Panobinostat were observed across cell lines with combination indices of <0.5 indicating strong synergy. When treating with 4GY radiation after 48 h, combination index improved. documenting enhanced tumor cell killing of human glioma cells.
 Conclusion: Our ongoing studies reveal synergy between ONC206, Panobinostat and radiation against GBM cell lines. The enhanced synergy with radiation provides an opportunity to develop a novel treatment combination for high grade glioma with a focus on recurrent GBM.
 Citation Format: Vida Tajiknia, Wafik El Deiry, Lanlan Zhou. Enhanced efficacy of HDAC inhibitor panobinostat and ONC206 combined with radiation therapy against human glioblastoma cell lines without H3K27M mutation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2831.


To solve the speedy failure problem on furnace heating tube of carbon chemical engineering equipment with high temperature successfully adopting special material AL-6XN to replace the used material for this corrosion media by analysis,testing,And successfully manufactured the first local new type PRO furnace tube which is working for long time.


1add to the growing epidemiological literature on mental illness in Africa. They identifi ed high rates of current and lifetime depressive symptomatology in elderly Nigerians, with a focus on major depressive disorder as defi ned by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 4 (DSM-IV). This study adds to an increasing body of global mental health research which has received renewed attention after Desjarlais and colleagues' world mental health text 2 and WHO's 2001 report on mental health, 3 which raised awareness of the importance and severity of mental illness around the world. Much of this research, including that reported by Gureje, assumes that descriptions of mental illness developed in one set of cultures are equally applicable to other cultures. But if this assumption is incorrect and the nature of emotions, thoughts, and behaviours can be expected to vary by culture, 4 uncritical application of standard diagnostic criteria (such as the DSM) cross-culturally might yield misleading or erroneous results where such criteria are locally inappropriate. 5–6


Lactobacillus casei I-5 isolated from an alcohol fermentation broth enhanced immunity and prevented pathogenic infection as a probiotic. Mice fed with I-5 cells for 11 days prior to an intraperitoneal challenge with pathogenic Escherichia coli Juhl exhibited a high survival rate compared with the control group. Rats fed with I-5 cells for 10 days significantly increased the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages. In a cell culture system employing peritoneal macrophages from rats, the I-5 administration activated NF-κB stimulated by LPS. It also enhanced LPS-stimulated IL-12 and TNF-α production, but not IL-6 production. These results show that L. casei I-5 effectively prevented infection by pathogenic E. coli possibly through the activation of peritoneal macrophages. The strain would be useful to prevent pathogenic microbial infections in humans and farm animals.


The invention relates to a method for preparing black bean curd skin, which comprises the following steps of: removing impurities from black beans, choicely selecting and soaking the black beans, grinding the soaked black beans into milk, and separating the milk and residues to obtain a slurry liquid; cooking the milk liquid to 100 DEG C, filtering the milk liquid into a bean curd skink pot via a 100-mesh sieve, introducing steam into the pot to maintain the temperature of the bean milk at 80-95 DEG C, keeping air circulated on the milk surface without turning over, naturally coagulating one 0.5-mm oil-based thin milk skin layer on the milk surface through cooling, lightly picking up the edge by using a skin picking stick, controlling the milk via a frame above the pot, form another milk skin every 3-8 min, and picking up the milk skin and controlling the milk in the same method. In the method, pure natural black beans are used as a raw material to form the bean curd skin. Not only is the production method simple and the processed black bean curd skin is convenient to eat and has high nutrition value, but also the requirements of people for diversified bean curd skin products and nutrition and health care functions are satisfied.


In response to extracellular stimuli, the phenotype of a cell changes rapidly. In these processes genes whose induction occurs in the preence of protein synthesis inhibitors are referred to as immediate early response genes(IEG). IEGs encode growth factors, growth factor receptors, cytoskeletal structures, and transcription factors. Immediate-early transcription factors comprise several "families": fos, jun and Egr. While Egr has been strongly implicated in the development of the immune response, its role in other developing systems remains largely unknown. Mammalian lung morphogenesis, in preparation for air breathing after birth involves increased proliferation of cells and rapid induction of many diverse genes. It was therefore of interest to investigate the developmental expression of Egr-1, c-fos and c-myc genes in the developing fetal rat lung. We observed an abundance of Egr-1 message(1.8 Kb) in the fetal rat lungs at 19 and 20 days (d) of gestation, after which, there is a drop in transcription at 21d. c-myc is transcribed maximally at 19-21 d gestation followed by a drop at 21d. c-fos, which has a broader range of action, is transcribed 19-21 d and decreases at term. To identify the specific lung cells involved in Egr-1 gene expression, we isolated RNA from fetal lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells from 18-21d fetal rat lungs and using Northern hybridization, assessed the abundance of Egr-1 message in these cells. Although both the cell types expretal lung fibroblasts demonstrated a developmental expression of the gene, with a peak expression occurring at 19-20 d of gestation followed by a decline in expression thereafter. Fetal lung epithelial cells, on the other hand, expressed the gene constitutively throughout gestation. These data suggest a possible role of these immediate early genes in the regulation of lung proliferation during gestation.


ABSTRACT This article examines how American abolitionists educated themselves about Brazilian slavery and race relations. Beginning with the Iberian–American Revolutions and ending with James Redpath's 1867 influential exposé on Brazil, this article explores how American abolitionists viewed Brazil and how their understandings about Brazilian slavery and race relations changed over the course of the nineteenth century. These changes were not a progressive march by abolitionists toward a deeper and better understanding of Brazil but, instead, reflect how antislavery writers emphasized various aspects of Brazilian slavery and culture at different periods in order to further their own ideological and political agendas. At the same time, these agendas led abolitionists to pioneer some of the earliest methods for the comparative study of slavery on a global scale.


The services sector, providing eighty percent of domestic employment and GDP, has sustained dramatic growth in size and significance in the last three decades. This growth has in major part been enabled by application of the Information Technology (IT) discipline. Data Surface Mining (DSM) was applied to a recent compilation of 100 major IT companies. It was found that approximately half of these companies, the enablers, are themselves in the Goods Sector. As such, the Goods Sector is a major enabler of the Services Sector.


THz generation experimental results in a filament plasma produced by focusing ultrashort Ti:Sapphire laser pulses at a wavelength of 950 nm are reported. A study of structure and time-resolved dynamics of forming the laser filament is carried out. THz radiation dependence from filament length and pump energy is also given. Optimal conditions for efficient THz generating were found.


We explored the behavior of hydrogen released from biomass pyrolysis in the tube furnace,which uses rice husk powder as feed stock.Three products(gas,tar and charcoal) were collected and analysed separately.The result show that H_2 content rises with both the increase of the pyrolysis temperature significantly and the increase of residence time before the finish of the reaction.When sleam to biomass ratio(S/B) is smaller than 0.37,the H_2 content rises with the increasing of the S/B,but the H_2 content decreases slowly when it is larger than 0.37.


Preface 1. Origins 1850-74 2. A Room of Her Own Newnham College 1874-9 3. 'Salvationist for Greek Art': London 1879-86 4. Mythology and monuments: Greece and London, 1886-99 5. Women and Knowledge: Newnham 1898 - 1901 6. Ker and heiron: Jane Harrison and Gilbert Murray 1901-3 7. Prolegomena to the study of Greek religion: Newnham 1903-6 8. The Pillar and the Maiden: Newnham 1906-7 9. Crabbed age and youth: Cambridge 1908-9 10. Heresy and humanity Cambridge 1907-10 11. Unanimism and Conversion: Cambridge and Europe 1910-14 12. Tout passe, tout casse, tout lasse: Cambridge and Paris 1914-16 13. Via crucis, via lucis: Cambridge, France, Spain, and London 1916-28


The present invention relates to a method for controlling a turbocharger system (2) of an internal combustion engine (1). The method comprises controlling a first bypass valve (13) of a high pressure exhaust gas turbine (6) and a second bypass valve (14) of a low pressure gas turbine (10) on the basis of a turbine model, the first and second bypass valves (13, 14) continuously variable. In this way, a turbocharger system efficiency may is also provided.


The objective of this Paper is to develop model materials, including microconcrete and model reinforcing, with the consideration of bond similitude. The mechanical properties of the developed model materials were compared with those of the normal reinforced concrete found in literature, and were found to be reasonably good. Therefore, these model materials were used to perform small-scale reinforced concrete frame tests, as reported in the companion Paper.


Electrification of transport is an optimistic approach to tackle greenhouse gas emissions due to conventional vehicles. The diffusion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) gained a breakthrough due to the Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) system by their driving range extension, reducing the size and cost of batteries. To take up EVs in a country like Pakistan, which is already facing the energy crises, lack of capital, and technological advancements, is a challenging approach. There is a need for an optimal charging infrastructure with a renewable energy source to overcome the energy need and diffusion of EVs. In this paper, we analyze the transition of EVs in Pakistan with the help of solar PV-fed charging station deployment at the motorway hierarchy of the country. The problem of land constraint for a PV system is rendered by giving the idea to use a 50m wide spare lane alongside the Motorway. The aim is to use the DWC approach by taking the PV-fed system to cuts down the supply from the national grid.


Aubert&Duval has developed a methodology to establish a residual stress model for Inconel 718 engine discs. To validate the thermal, mechanical and metallurgical parts of the model, trials on lab specimens with specific geometry were carried out. These trials allow a better understanding of the residual stress distribution and evolution during different processes (quenching, ageing, machining). A comparison between experimental and numerical results reveals the residual stresses model accuracy. Aubert&Duval has also developed a mechanical properties prediction model. Coupled with the residual stress prediction model, Aubert&Duval can now propose improvements to the process of manufacturing in Inconel 718 engine disks. This model enables Aubert&Duval customers and subcontractors to anticipate distortions issues during machining. It could also be usedt to optimise the engine disk life.


Ecocentric education programs should include a method for the in-depth understanding of multi-scale ecological time concepts. To accomplish this, the common restriction that ecocentric education should pertain only to realistic nature may have to be removed. The purpose of this research was to confirm the validity of a program featuring phenology observation, employing fixed-point time-lapse images as climate change learning, and to obtain suggestions on the influence of the program on the multi-timescale concepts of the learners. An observation sheet listing images of cherry flowering from 16 April to 15 March each year from 1996 to 2017 was created, and the 50-min educational program using the observation sheet was conducted with 189 third year junior high school students. The tendencies among students' answers to the two questions before and after the program suggest that the program contributed to the students acquiring the hundreds-year timescale concept based on the short-term timescale concept of dynamic nature. The contribution of this research is to visualize long-term and multi-scale ecological time concepts. By combining long-term time-lapse images with everyday nature experiences, the possibility of expanding such emotions as wonder and attachment to nature towards a long-term ecological timescale is achieved.


Aim: This study compared the stress distributions of endodontically treated tooth restored with carbon and titanium post under thermal and mechanical loading conditions.
Methodology: A 3-dimensional finite element model was created to represent in a labiolingual cross-sectional view of an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor tooth with its supporting structures. It was modified according to two post systems with different physical properties consisting titanium, and carbon fiber. Stress distribution and stress values were then calculated by considering the three dimensional von Mises stress criteria.
Results: A 100-N static vertical occlusal load was applied on the node at the center of occlusal surface of the tooth. The von Mises stress values for carbon post model was on the coronal third and the cervical area of the root in the range of 436,16 and 3,59 MPa,  for titanium post model was 590,55 and 3,05 MPa. Thermal stress values for carbon post model showed that maximum stress concentrations were noted on the coronal third and the top of the post area of the root in the range of 509,94 and 6,38 MPa. Titanium post model showed that maximum stress concentrations were noted on the coronal third and top of the post area of the root in the range of 1165,06 and 3,06 MPa.
Conclusion: This study shows that the titanium post yields larger stresses than the carbon post under thermal conditions.
How to cite this article: Adiguzel O, Yigit Ozer S, Bahsi E, Yavuz I. Finite element analysis of endodontically treated tooth restored with different posts under thermal and mechanical loading. Int Dent Res 2011;3:75-80.
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.


The current study evaluates a sample of twenty wells operating with electrical-submersible pumps as artificial lift systems and identifies those with high energy consumption and/or operational limitations, either because of the emulsion condition mentioned above or by some other specific operational condition in each well or the equipment each one has installed; with the intention of generating for these wells new designs of electrical-submersible pumping systems different from those currently installed, aiming to reduce energy consumptions (and therefore operational costs) or increasing production capacity. It is pursued to reduce energy consumptions through new designs, which would allow pumps to work at their best effiency region during their operation even with the presence of emulsions, increasing their operational life and saving electrical energy in the fields.


Horizontally curved bridges have been observed to be susceptible to deck unseating during the past major earthquakes. The excessive in-plane torsion of the deck is the main cause of such a failure, which is significantly affected by the curvature of the bridge and its non-uniform mass and stiffness distributions. This paper investigates the capability of semi-active control method to limit the in-plane torsion of the deck of horizontally curved bridges subjected to bi-directional ground accelerations and thereby preventing the deck from unseating from its supports. For this purpose, a three-degree-of-freedom nonlinear model has been developed that is capable of representing the key dynamic features of the rigid-body motion of the deck of horizontally curved bridges. The radial and azimuthal shear forces of the columns and their interactions are modeled by a biaxial bilinear hysteresis model. The control forces are applied to the deck through variable fluid viscous dampers (VFVDs) at the corners of the deck along the radial and azimuthal axes. A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) clipped optimal control algorithm has also been used to optimize and calculate the damping ratios of these dampers. The numerical results show that those horizontally curved bridges that have higher curvatures require larger damping forces to reduce the torsion of the deck. The dampers installed in the radial direction are more effective in controlling the torsion of the deck than those installed in the azimuthal direction. Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, City College, City University of New York, New York City, NY 10031 (email: firstname.lastname@example.com) Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, City College, City University of New York, New York City, NY 10031 (email: firstname.lastname@example.com) Amjadian M., Agrawal AK., Semi-active Control of the Torsional Response of Horizontally Curved Bridges. Proceedings of the 11 National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. Eleventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering Integrating Science, Engineering & Policy June 25-29, 2018 Los Angeles, California Semi-active Control of the Torsional Response of Horizontally Curved Bridges M. Amjadian and AK. Agrawal


Objective: To evaluate the postnatal toxicity of copper oxychloride (COC) in lactating female albino rats.
Design: Randomized controlled experimental study.
Animals: Eighteen pregnant female albino rats weight 150±10 g and 6-7 week old.
Procedures: Eighteen pregnant female albino rats were divided into 3 groups treated orally with copper oxychloride 0, 73.5, 147 mg/kg (equivalent 1/20 and 1/10 of LD50) daily from first day of parturition for 21 days. Female rats and its offspring were euthanized at 21 days of treatment. The postnatal toxic effect in the neonates and dams were estimated through biochemical biomarkers as metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers, histopathological and hematological evaluation.
Results: There was a significant increase in liver enzymes activities as ALT and GGT and oxidative stress biomarker as MDA (P < 0.05) in both suckling pups and lactating dams beside decrease the level of metabolic biomarkers as glucose, total protein and cholesterol (P < 0.05). Additionally, antioxidant enzymes as SOD and CTA (P < 0.05) were reduced significantly in the treated groups in a dose dependent manner in comparison to control group. Moreover the histopathological revealed that Dams treated with COC at both doses shown degenerative changes and intralobular histiocytic infiltration with intralobular fibroblastic proliferation in the hepatic tissue. Neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia and astrocytosis in the brain tissue with degenerative changes of purkinje cells in cerebellum. Fibrous tissue proliferation of renal glomeruli with degenerative changes in renal tubular epithelium and marked lymphoid depletion in the splenic tissue in dose dependent manner. While Suckling pups of treated dams with different doses of COC shown focal histiocytic and lymphocytic infiltration besides congestion of portal vein and margination of leukocytes, focal edema in the neuropils with focal hemorrhagic areas in the brain tissue, degeneration in the renal glomeruli and severe lymphoid depletion with congestion of the splenic sinusoids in dose dependent manner.
Conclusion and clinical relevance: The potential postnatal toxic effect of copper oxychloride in neonates and lactating female albino rats through transmammary transmission in milk clarified from biochemical and histopathological evaluation of dams and its pups.


From a dynamical perspective, entropy transfer processes are investigated in two-dimensional free convection turbulence in comparison with an entropy cascade picture based on the coupled dynamics of the T vorticity x [ ( ] y T , 2 ] x T ) and the velocity gradient tensor. Typical entropy transfer processes are observed in direct numerical simulations. For these processes, two characteristic times, the transfer time and the staying time are determined: the former time obeys a Bolgiano-Obukhov ~ BO ! time scaling corresponding to the eddy turnover time in energy cascade. It is suggested that this typical transfer process is not an elementary process of cascade but a dynamical manifestation of intermittency. To examine the meaning of the characteristic times of the typical entropy transfer process, a shell model is constructed based on the entropy cascade picture. By this model, it is shown numerically that typical entropy transfer processes are regarded as the fluctuations satisfying a dynamical similarity. This similarity proved by perturbation analysis requires naturally that the transfer time should obey the BO time scaling.


Excessive overlapping zoning due to the Urban general plan Land use planning"s overestimation of the projected population has been pointed out as a problem. The recent urban population drop is shining the spotlight on the overall problems of the existing land use planning. The study, having recognized the overall problems of the existing land use planning, suggests a direction for a land use planning based on urban attributes by analyzing the conditions of the land use planning by urban type. In order to classify the different urban types, factor and cluster analyses were performed on the primary indicators of land use planning which are population, industry, and land use (urban planning, land use category). The factor analysis resulted in 6 factors that are development size, degree of growth, natural environment, development density, development probability, and manufacturing. Using the factors scores, the cluster analysis resulted in 7 different urban types. In addition to the excessive overlapping zoning due to the Urban general plan Land use planning"s overestimation of the projected population, problems such as the inability to adapt to the changing urban environment and the unjustifiable standardizations have been pointed out. As an improvement measure, time zoning should be implemented to induce land use development phases for urban areas with declining population and intercity land use planning links should be strengthened by moving away from singly city focus and utilizing the metropolitan area approach. Also, a systematic device/plan must be prepared which can be used as base data when land use planning is established through a detailed land use survey & analysis.


In the last few years, CPM developed a first generation of charging model for coke ovens to improve the uniformity of oven filling and to reduce charging emissions. A new charging model has been recently built to simulate all kinds of charging process with 3, 4 or 5 charging holes and to obtain a more reliable representation of the levelling operation. More particularly, coal accumulation in each compartment of the leveller bar is represented, in order to have a better idea of the gas free space during the levelling operation. By using this model, it is now possible to suppress or reduce coal accumulation in the oven free space during the levelling operation and to obtain a constant and uniform coal profile at the end of charging, without gas emissions.


AbstractThis paper presents an efficient approach that uses rational Bezier motions to generate 5-axis tool path for sculptured surface machining (finish cut) with a flat-end cutter. A method is proposed in which dual quaternion is used to represent a spatial displacement. The representation of kinematic motions for the cutter bottom circle of the flat-end cutter is then formulated. Based on that, a new approach for tool path generation using rational Bezier cutter motions is described, in which key issues such as interference avoidance and surface accuracy requirement are addressed.


Entanglement has become central for the characterization of quantum matter both in and out of equilibrium. In a dynamical context entanglement exhibits universal linear temporal growth in generic systems, which stems from the underlying linear light cones as they occur in planar geometries. Inhomogeneous spacetimes can lead, however, to strongly bent trajectories. While such bent trajectories crucially impact correlation spreading and therefore the light-cone structure, it has remained elusive how this influences the entanglement dynamics. In this work we investigate the real-time evolution of the entanglement entropy in one-dimensional quantum systems after quenches which change the underlying spacetime background of the Hamiltonian. Concretely, we focus on the Rindler space describing the spacetime in close vicinity to a black hole. As a main result we find that entanglement grows sublinearly in a generic fashion both for interacting and noninteracting quantum matter. We further observe that the asymptotic relaxation becomes exponential, as opposed to algebraic for planar Minkowski spacetimes, and that in the vicinity of the black hole the relaxation time for large subsystems becomes independent of the subsystem size. We study entanglement dynamics both for the case of noninteracting fermions, allowing for exact numerical solutions, and for random unitary circuits representing a paradigmatic class of ergodic systems.


. Many symmetric orthogonal polynomial sequences ( P n ( x )) n ∈ N 0 , normal- ized by P n (1) ≡ 1 , satisfy nonnegative linearization of products, i.e., the product of any two P m ( x ) ,P n ( x ) is a convex combination w.r.t. the basis { P k ( x ) : k ∈ N 0 } . Such polynomials are accompanied by a hypergroup structure and a corresponding Haar measure. The latter is the counting measure on N 0 weighted by the values of the function h : N 0 → [1 , ∞ ) , h ( n ) := 1 / (cid:82) R P 2 n ( x )d µ ( x ) , where µ denotes the orthogonalization measure and the orthogonality implies that h ( n ) > 1 for all n ∈ N . Our research was motivated by the observation that many naturally occurring examples even satisfy the stronger property h ( n ) ≥ 2 ( n ∈ N ) . We give sufficient criteria which cover important examples like ultraspherical or generalized Chebyshev polynomials. In particular, we show that h ( n ) ≥ 2 ( n ∈ N ) is always satisfied if (cid:99) N 0 equals the full interval [ − 1 , 1] , where (cid:99) N 0 corresponds to the Hermitian structure space (this is fulfilled by an abundance of examples). Concerning our sufficient criteria, we particularly study the role of nonnegative linearization of products (and of the resulting harmonic analysis). Moreover, we construct two example types which do not satisfy the property h ( n ) ≥ 2 ( n ∈ N ) . To our knowledge, these are the first such examples. The first type is based on Karlin–McGregor polynomials and belongs to the class of Geronimus polynomials; we compute explicit formulas for the corresponding orthogonalization measures, recurrence coefficients and Haar measures. The second type is orthogonal w.r.t. discrete measures.


This study describes the human and organizational implications of introducing robots into an Israeli plant. Findings point at several gaps between the perceptions of senior management, middle management and rank and file employees.


Method for determination of k-space positions for a modeling of RF pulses of magnetic resonance excitations, the method comprising the steps of: a) selecting a target magnetization, b) selecting a first achievable magnetization current achievable magnetization c) determining a deviation of the current attainable magnetization of the target magnetization, d) determining a spectrum of the difference in k-space as the current spectrum, e) locating at least one maximum in the current spectrum, f) storing the k-space positions of the localized maxima in a set of certain previously k-space positions, g) determining the current pulse coefficients by which an optimal current magnetization can be achieved using at least one k-space from the set position of the previously determined k-space positions, h) repeating steps c) to g) are satisfied to a specifiable termination criterion is, however, at least once, wherein used for each repetition, at least one k-space position in determining current pulse coefficient, which was not used in any previous determination of the current pulse coefficient.


The article deals with the problem of calculating a stress-strain soil massif with a horizontal cylindrical cavity created by an explosion (for example, drilling and blasting method of penetration), in the presence of a reinforcing ring. The calculation takes into account the radial local inhomogeneity of the array near the cavity, due to the explosive effects. The problem is solved in a two-dimensional formulation (flat deformed state). The solution uses a numerical-analytical method that reduces the solution to a system of ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients.


The study focuses on finding motivation for others to watch people play video games on Twitch. The population studied is between the ages of 16 and 24 in Bekasi (509,407 People). Samples were randomly extracted with a Slovin formula with 400 responses. This data is retrieved using Google Form and analyzed using Warpls. Research motivation is the perspective of Uses and Gratification: Cognitive, Affective, Personal integration, Social integration and Tension release. The results is that cognitive factors have a significant impact on the Streamers Watch (H1c β = 0,051), Personal Integrative, Social Integrative, and Tension Release  Factor have a very influence by Hours Watching variables(H3a β = 0,068; H4a β = 0,065; H5a β = 0,067), The tension release factor is strongly influenced by the streamers follow variable(H5c β = 0,093) and there are no factors that really affect the Subscribe variable


Welding is considered as a "Special Process", which means that its quality cannot be readily verified and its successful application requires specialist management, personnel and procedures. It is important to conduct proper testing of the welded joints, including volumetric testing. In this case there are conducted ultrasonic testing, which enable detecting volumetric discontinuities. Ultrasonic testing meets many problems while testing joints with large anisotropy. The problems are caused by the physical phenomena, e.g. transformation, dispersion and absorption of the wave. It is connected with the structure of the material, which cause different propagation of the ultrasonic beam. The article presents the review of the factors affecting the quality of ultrasonic testing.


BACKGROUND
 Social media use is associated with poor sleep among adolescents, including daytime sleepiness, which impacts adolescents' physical and mental health. Less research has examined whether specific social media behaviors, such as checking and posting, and adolescents' perceived importance of social media for social purposes are associated with sleepiness. Identifying whether certain adolescents are more at risk or protected from the effects of SM on sleepiness than others may inform future interventions around sleep and social media.

 OBJECTIVE
 The study aimed to examine the association between social media use frequency and importance and daytime sleepiness, and whether perceived importance of social media for social interactions and parental rules around bedtime technology exacerbated these relationships.

 METHODS
 This cross-sectional, survey study was conducted with a sample of 4,153 adolescents from across the United States. Qualtrics was used to collect data via panel recruitment from a national sample representing the US demographics of teens aged 12-17 years old. Participants completed measures of daytime sleepiness, frequency of social media checking and posting, and importance of social media for social interactions. Parents reported whether they had a household rule around bedtime media/screen use. Hierarchical regressions and moderation analyses were conducted, covarying for age, gender, and age of first smartphone.

 RESULTS
 Participants had a mean age of 14.64 (SD 1.66) years in grades 6-12, and 46% identified as female and 68% as White. Results indicated that adolescents who posted (B = .70, SE = .04, p <.001) or checked (B = .76, SE = .04, p <.001) on social media more frequently or who perceived social media to be more important for social affordances (B = .36, SE = .02, p <.001) were more likely to have daytime sleepiness. Moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between social media frequency and importance and daytime sleepiness was exacerbated by higher levels of perceived social media importance (B = .04, SE = .01, p <.001) and for those who did not have household rules around bedtime technology use (Frequency: B = -.34, SE = .09, p <.001; Importance: B = -.16, SE = .04, p <.001) .

 CONCLUSIONS
 Findings suggest that adolescents who use social media more frequently and perceive social media to be more important for social interactions are more likely to have daytime sleepiness. Adolescents with more social media use are more likely to be affected if SM is more important for social affordances, or if their parents did not have household rules around bedtime technology use. Findings may guide future prevention and intervention programs designed to reduce daytime sleepiness, particularly focused on social media behaviors and bedtime technology rules.


The concentrations of 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons( PAHs) in 28 soil samples collected from various functional areas in Urumqi were studied. The sources of PAHs in the surface soils were apportioned by Positive Matrix Factorization( PMF). The ecological risks of PAHs in the surface soils were evaluated by using benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalents( TEQBa P). Results showed that the concentrations of ∑16 PAHs in the soils ranged from 331- 15 799 μg/kg with a mean concentration of( 5 018 ± 4 896) μg / kg( n = 28),and 3 to 4 ring PAHs were the dominant compounds. The concentrations of∑16 PAHs in the soils samples from different functional zones decreased in the order of road side areas industrial areas park areas rural areas business / residential areas. According to the method of Positive Matrix Factorization,the PAHs in surface soils of Urumqi maily originated from the combustion of coal( 51. 19%),emission of gasoline( 19. 02%) and diesel( 18. 35%)from vehicles,and petroleum leakiness( 11. 42%). 53% of all surface soil samples in Urumqi area were more than Dutch target values,which were located mainly in the roadside and industry area.


Combined with the actual situation of test section and engineering entity,the elementary exploration of gradation design and construction technique of Superpave asphalt mixture,as well as the illumination of reference points of gradation design and the technology points and notices of mixing,paving,compacting and other construction techniques can provide references for similar projects.


Purpose: An occupational assessment was conducted to evaluate ocular safety controls in small business auto-mechanic shops and the specific chemicals used in these environments. Compiled data was analyzed and distributed for optometrist to be knowledgeable with the specific chemicals that pose an ocular threat to the eye and comfortably recommending the proper ocular safety devices. Methods: Five worksites of small automotive and mechanical businesses were evaluated by walk through site observation throughout the Detroit Metropolitan area. This study was limited to only quick oil change, general auto-mechanics and small business care dealerships. Evaluation of employee work environment and safety controls were compiled for analysis against OSHA guidelines in regards to how the facilities maintained a safe and healthy ocular environment. Approximately 20 Interviews were conducted with employers and their employees to understand the implementation and enforcement of safety eye wear. Each individual who participated signed a consent form which was approved by the Ferris State University human subjects review committee. This study presents different types, amount, causes and cost incurred of eye injuries over a five year period. Results: One out of five sites presented with a decent eye wash station. Fortunately during a five year period only two out of five places actually sought a professional eye care provider due to an eye injury. None of the auto mechanic shops had a formal education on ocular hazards, but enforcement of eye protection around specific machinery was implemented. This awareness lessened the chances of ocular injury.


Current consensus guidelines recommend the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin. Metabolism of both PPIs and clopidogrel involves the cytochrome-P450 (CYP450) system. Concomitant use of these drugs may result in the competitive inhibition of CYP2C19 and reduced clopidogrel action. The evidence available to date for a drug interaction is conflicting and relies heavily on observational data. Until further evidence become available, it is recommended that health care professionals avoid the concomitant use of clopidogrel and PPIs unless absolutely necessary and only when there is a clear indication such as for peptic ulcer disease or H. pylori eradication. Pantoprazole may be the preferred PPI although current evidence are inconclusive. H2 antagonists may be a suitable alternative to PPIs.


This study aims to reveal about the management of madrasah in pesantren in Pondok Pesantren Al Falah Putera Banjarbaru in terms of organizing, implementation of education and curricular programs, and supervision.
This research uses qualitative approach with research subject are leader of Pesantren Al Falah Putera Banjarbaru, Head of Madrasah every education level held at Pondok Pesantren Al Falah Putera Banjarbaru, that is Head of Madrasah Aliyah Al Falah Putera, Head of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Falah Putera, board of curriculum , student affairs officers, administrative division, teachers and students at madrasah in Pondok Pesantren Al Falah Putera.
Data collection is done by observation, interview and document analysis. The validity of data is done by extending the time of research and triangulation. Data analysis technique used is with interactive analysis model.
The results showed that; The management of madrasah at pesantren in Pondok Pesantren Al Falah Putera viewed from the organizing aspect, this pesantren has organizational structure from the top level to the bottom with accompanied by clear delegation of authority and responsibility so that every member can work efficiently. The delegation has also been running well so that the organization can use its resources efficiently. As for the management of madrasah in pesantren in Pondok Pesantren Al Falah Putera viewed from curricular exercise, in this pesantren curricular program development has been going well, because between curricular madrasah with curricular pesantren has been systematized in accordance with the basic framework of pesantren development since its inception. With systematized every activity undertaken concerning curricular program between madrasah and pesantren become easily synchronized, so that can minimize conflict which can disrupt work climate and organization of boarding school. Then viewed from the aspect of supervision, boarding school Al Falah can easily control and supervise all activities of the santri, because between boarding activities with madrassas have been well structured, according to ladder and time. There are four elements that conduct supervision for the smoothness of learning activities in this pesantren, the four elements are; leader of Pesantren, coordinators/head of Madrasah, ustadz/teachers, seneor santri/students.


The three-dimensional method in research of China's Dream includes the historical method,the realistic method and the future method.The so-called historical method focuses on the early history of China and the process of thoughts.Through reviewing"being-backward-to-invite-bullies"nightmares,"saving-China"dream and"Chinese-road"dream,it can be concluded that China's Dream is successive in time.The realistic method means the method from practice to cognition and then from cognition to practice,promoting the practice and development of China'Dream according to practice development.By investigating state system modernization,social operation legislation and citizen life humanization,it can be described that China's Dream coexists in the space.The so-called future method is the prediction method before practice.By designing and predicting a bright future,cross-strait reunification and future theory simulation,it can be said that China's Dream can be predicted in the strategy.


Inpatient Hospital Patients need holistic nursing care, especially in meeting basic needs in the form of spiritual needs. The role of nurses in providing nursing care for nurses cannot be separated from the spiritual aspect which is an integral part of the nurse's interaction with patients. The nurse tries to help meet the patient's spiritual needs as part of the patient's basic needs, among others by facilitating the fulfillment of the patient's spiritual needs, even though the nurse and the patient do not have the same spiritual or religious beliefs.
The community service activities carried out aim to provide increased awareness in establishing prayers for inpatients starting from tayamum to knowledge of prayer procedures for sick patients.
The method used is by giving lectures, discussions and questions and answers, as well as direct practice of practicing purification and prayer for the sick. Patient knowledge will be measured by questionnaire sheet pre test and post test.
From the results of counseling and demonstrations, it was found that the characteristics of participants based on their age were almost half of them aged 55-65 years. The most common disease suffered by patients is Diabetes Mellitus, and almost all patients understand and understand the importance of prayer for inpatients.


The Flexible Microwave Payload -2 is the microwave remote sensing payload of the FSSCat mission. The instrument is the outcome of years of work of the Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya Passive Remote Sensing Laboratory, and the NanoSat-Lab. The FSSCat mission was launched on board the Vega VV16, on September the 3rd, 2020. The instrument was executed for the very first time on September the 16th, 2020, and it was commissioned less than two weeks later. This extended abstract presents the geo-located FMPL-2 measurements, which consist of a Global Navigation Satellite System - Reflectometer and an L-band radiometer. The performance of the instrument and preliminary level 1C results are presented, showing that CubeSats can to perform passive microwave remote sensing scientific missions.


The performances of natural fiber composites are excellent,but due to the unique structure perfor-mance of natural fiber,there are still many problems about nature fiber composites.It is very important for improving the mechanical properties of the natural fiber composites to increase the dispersion of natural fiber in resin and enhance the interfacial compatibility between natural fiber and resin.The latest research progress of natural fiber interface modification methods and their impacts on the performance of natural fiber composite are summarized.At present the modification methods of natural fiber main include heat treatment method,alkali treatment method,coupling agent method,acylation method,surface grafting method,composite processing method,etc.With the modification research deepening of the natural plant fiber,the natural fiber composite materials will have more broad application prospect.


Based on our extensive review and analysis of the literature on osteonecrosis of the jaw, we highlight several areas of controversy that still exist within the realm of this topic. From nomenclature through diagnosis and treatment, there exists a difference of opinion. These highlights demonstrate that there is still much to learn and define with respect to how best to treat these unfortunate patients that develop this complication of various cancer treatments and occasionally osteoporosis therapy. As research and data collection moves forward perhaps there will become a more unified approach to diagnosis and management of this condition. This paper is an attempt to summarize controversies that we feel still exist in the ONJ literature.


We describe 1R (infrared waves) interference be- tween IR remote-control systems for electric home appliances and high-frequency electronic ballast lighting. The separation of the carrier frequency of an IR remote-control system and the lamp operating frequency of high-frequency lighting is the most efficient way of preventing this interference. The phenomenon, preventive approaches, and experimental results of IR interfer- ence experiments are also described.


【Objectives】 To study the effect of combination of Mirtazapine with Pinaverium Bromide in treatment of IBS-D and their underlying mechanisms.【Methods】 Based on Rome Ⅲ criteria,42 IBS-D patients were chosen in this study.These patients were evaluated with self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).Then,all 42 IBS were divided into two groups randomly: United-treatment group would be treated with Mirtazapine and Pinaverium Bromide for 4 weeks.Control group only would be treated with Pinaverium Bromide for 4 weeks.Symptoms improving of abdominal pain and diarrhea were evaluated in 42 patients after 4 weeks.The plasma levels of CGRP were measured by radioimmunoassay before treatment and after 4 weeks.【Results】 The SAS score average of all patients were(45.33±8.12),SDS score average were(56.14±8.07).The improving efficiency of abdominal pain and diarrhea in united-treatment group were significantly higher than that in control group(Z =-2.266,P =0.023 and Z =-2.139,P =0.032,respectively).There was a significant difference in the plasma level of CGRP comparison before treatment with after 4 weeks in united-treatment group(P =0.001).【Conclusions】 There were various degrees of depression in patients with IBS-D.Therapeutic effects of Mirtazapine and Pinaverium Bromide on IBS-D were significantly more efficient than that of Pinaverium Bromide alone.Therapeutic effect of Mirtazapine on IBS-D may be associated with reducing the plasma level of CGRP.


Purpose: Iron plays an important role in the process of oxidizing Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial wall during the development of atherosclerosis, but the role of iron during the development of intimal hyperplasia has not been confirmed. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship of serum ferritin, serum cholesterol and intimal hyperplasia. Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups according to diet. Group Ⅰ was the normocholesterol and normoferritin group, group Ⅱ was the hypercholesterol and normoferritin group, group Ⅲ was the hypercholesterol and hypoferritin group, and group Ⅳ was the hypercholesterol and hyperferritin group. At the sixth week, we induced clamping injury at the left common carotid artery of each rat. At the end of the eighth week, we obtained tissue of the left common carotid artery from each rat, and we performed staining. After that, we evaluated differences of the intima to media ratio (IMR) of arterial walls according to groups. Results: The IMR of group Ⅱ was higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.001). Among hypercholesterol groups (group Ⅱ∼Ⅳ), the IMR of group Ⅲ was lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.001), and the IMR of group Ⅳ was higher than that of group Ⅱ (P=0.007). Conclusion: We suggest the possibility that serum ferritin and serum cholesterol are proportionally related with intimal hyperplasia. But we think that large-volume experiments in animal models and prospective studies in humans are needed to confirm and expand on our results.


We present the object-oriented multi-tier application framework OMS Java which is independent of the underlying database management system (DBMS). We detail the storage management component and sketch which part of the framework has to be extended when introducing a new DBMS. We compare versions of OMS Java using the persistent storage engine ObjectStore PSE Pro for Java, the object-oriented DBMS Objectivity/DB, the object-relational DBMS Oracle and the proprietary DBMS Berkley DB.


The invention relates to a radial internal clearance measurer for a bearing. The measurer is characterized by comprising a stand and a control system, wherein a belt conveyer, a turnover mechanism, a detection mechanism and a classification conduit are sequentially arranged on the stand; a first handling mechanism is arranged between the belt conveyer and the turnover mechanism, and a second handling mechanism is arranged among the turnover mechanism, the detection mechanism and the classification conduit; the first handling mechanism is used for handling the measured bearing to the turnover mechanism from the belt conveyer, and the measured bearing is turned over for 90 degrees on the turnover mechanism; and the second handling mechanism is used for handling the measured bearing to the detection mechanism from the turnover mechanism and handling the measured bearing on the detection mechanism to the classification conduit from the detection mechanism. The radial internal clearance measurer can be used for automatically detecting the radial internal clearance of a bearing and replacing the manual measurement of operators, thereby lightening the labor intensity of workers, improving the detection efficiency, improving the detection accuracy and reducing the production cost of bearings.


The aim of this study is to conduct a research under circumstances of Turkey about the validity and reliability of the Affective Tendencies towards Environmental Scale prepared by Yavetz, Goldman and Pe'er (2009). The translation of this scale to Turkish was done by the researchers and language specialists. And then, the scale was evaluated by the specialists in terms of relevance to Turkish content, measurementevaluation. This scale on which some arrangements were made was applied to 521 fourth grade preservice science teachers studying in the state universities in Turkey to determine the validity and reliability. The findings related to the structure validity of the scale were provided by exploratory factor analysis method. Also, exploratory factor analysis was followed by the confirmatory factor analysis applied to the obtained structure. This scale is formed into four sub dimensions. The scale prepared by the 5-point Likert format containing 23 items. Cronbach Alpha reliability scale was found as 0.84; and found as 0.77 for Environmental Affective Tendency; it was 0.62 for Intention to act; 0.66 for prevention of damage to the environment and it was 65 for personal responsibilities.


1. Bulbs of Allium cepa, variety Ebenezer, were exposed to X-ray dosages of 100 r, 1000 r, or 10,000 r, or to show neutrons produced in the Argonne heavywater pile. The neutron-treated material was exposed to an average neutron flux of 5.8 x 1010 slow neutrons/sq cm/sec for periods of ~2, 4, 8, or 16 minutes. 2. Plants from treated bulbs in both series were markedly retarded in growth with respect to control plants. All plants from bulbs treated with slow neutrons died as did also those treated with the highest dosage of X-rays. 3. Bulbs from control and treated series were sprouted in soil. Cytological analysis of root tips collected at 48-, 52-, and 96-hour intervals showed that the effects of both types of treatment followed a pattern that was chronologically determined: a general, but temporary, inhibition of mitosis; abnormal nuclear division necessitated by structural chromosome aberrations; abnormal cell division directly following aberrant nuclear division; and, lastly, degeneration of nuclei and cells which had been severely damaged either by the original treatment or by disorientation in normal call processes during the preceding stages. 4. Chromosomal aberrations of all types-dicentrics, centric and acentric rings, acentric fragments, and dot deletions-were observed in root-tip cells from both treatments. Dosage had no apparent effect on type of aberrancy induced. Pycnosis of many nuclei at the higher dosages was of common occurrence. 5. Aberration frequency induced by 2-, 4-, or 8-minute exposures to slow neutrons was higher in all cases than that produced by either 100 r or 1000 r. Frequencies in the 10,000-r series approximated those found for the 16-minute dosage with slow neutrons. 6. The degree of fragmentation produced at the higher treatment levels by both X-rays and slow neutrons gave a more accurate picture of the shattering effect on chromosomes than did the extent of formation of dicentrics and rings. 7. The observation of pseudo-amitotic nuclei and daughter nuclei accompanied by micronuclei does not constitute evidence of induced amitosis as a result of treatment. These are stages in a time continuum of the general effects of radiation on chromosome breakage, abnormal nuclear division, and subsequent abnormal cell division. 8. The marked inhibition of mitosis found in the present study and the low dosage-curve exponents obtained for aberration frequency indicate that with regard to quantitative determination of the relationship between excessive treatment with slow neutrons and response of the organism, aberration frequency alone does not yield a wholly representative or valid index of the true picture of dosage effect.


Nationality — In general — Proof of nationality — Possession of passport as proof of acquisition of nationality — Effect of possession of Pakistan passport — The law of India.


microorganisms inmarine sediments offAlaska were suggested over a decade ago (3)whendevelopment ofoffshore oil deposits withconcomitant oilcontamination incidents seemedimminent. However, oilandgasproduction facilities on Alaska's outercontinental shelf havenotbeenbuilt; thus, environmental assessmentstudies, including microbiology, havebeenlimited. TheEXXON Valdezoilspill which occurred inMarchof1989was notrelated tooutercontinental shelf oilexploration or production butdidoccur offshore Alaska. A rapid-response assessment program was conducted bytheNational Atmospheric andOceanographic Administration shortly after thespill. Partofthat program anda follow-up program conducted bythestateofAlaska included most-probable-number (MPN)measurementsof oil-degrading microorganisms inseveral hundredsediment andwatersamples throughout southcentral coastal Alaska. While no technique toenumeratespecific metabolic types ofmicroorganisms inmarine systemsisabsolute, theMPN technique cangiveconsistent results that areappropriate for relative comparisons among sampling sites. Walkerand Colwell (5)comparedvarious methodsforenumerating petroleum-degrading


Magnetic resonance absorption on CrS 1.17 , at frequency of 9.3 GHz, was examined in the temperature range from 150 K to 350 K. A resonance spectrum was observed in all over the ferrimagnetic temperature range, and extremely large g -value, of which the maximum value was 20 at 250 K, was estimated from the result. This anomaly of g -value was explained in terms of Tsuya-Wangsness ferrimagnetic resonance effect. Also, the temperature dependence of resonance line width was explained in terms of the loss mechanism caused upon electron hopping between two types of ions of Cr 2+ and Cr 3+ in the material.


This issue of Via@ aims to explore the following question: What part do rural landscapes play in tourism development in South (India, Nepal) and Southeast Asia (Laos, Vietnam and China)? This question is addressed here in six articles written by researchers of five nationalities. In this introduction we outline the questions taken up in this special issue of the journal Via. The first angle of approach is to discern by whom, and for whom, the rural landscape is produced. This social co-produc...