In vivo selection is a key strategy for increasing contribution of gene-modified cells in hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. The combination of DNA-alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ) with O 6 -benzylguanine (BG) allows selection for cells expressing a drug-resistant O 6 -methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene, resulting in hematopoietic repopulation with gene-modified cells in numerous mouse studies. TMZ is used clinically for treatment of glioma and other malignancies, with dose-limiting myelotoxicity, and has been used with BG in a phase I trial of drug-resistant MGMT gene transfer for chemoprotection in treatment of advanced solid malignancies. We report here that in transplants of lymphoma-prone LMO1 transgenic or retrovirus-transduced normal mouse marrow to study the effect of in vivo selection on insertional mutagenesis by retrovirus vectors in gene therapy, administration of BG+TMZ post-transplant increased the incidence of donor-derived T-cell lymphomas. In transplants of LMO1 transgenic mouse lineage-negative (Lin − ) marrow progenitor cells, BG+TMZ significantly increased (p=0.0026) the incidence of lymphoma (87.5% incidence in mice surviving drug-induced hematologic toxicity; n=8) compared to mice without drug (41% incidence by day 315 post-transplant; n=17). Increased tumor incidence after BG+TMZ was observed both in transplants of untransduced LMO1 Lin − cells and in LMO1 cells transduced with an MFG gamma-retroviral vector encoding a drug-resistant P140K MGMT gene and a GFP reporter gene. Additionally, in transplants of normal C57BL/6 mouse Lin − cells transduced with the P140K-GFP retroviral vector, BG+TMZ significantly increased (p=0.0043) the tumor incidence (100% incidence by day 169 post-transplant in mice surviving drug toxicity; n=6) compared to mice without drug (0% incidence by day 315 post-transplant; n=9). This is a higher frequency of lymphomas than we have previous observed in numerous selection studies with MGMT transduction of normal mouse whole marrow. Administration of BG+TMZ following transplant of transduced C57BL/6 mouse cells resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase in vector-expressing cells in peripheral blood, compared to an approximately 57% decline in untreated mice, demonstrating in vivo selection of MGMT-expressing cells. However, in all cases of LMO1 or C57BL/6-derived lymphomas, the tumor cells were found to lack expression of the P140K-GFP vector, suggesting that cells expressing drug-resistant MGMT were protected from the mutagenesis caused by BG+TMZ, as well as from its hematologic toxicity. Despite the lack of transgene expression, retroviral vector DNA was detected by LAM-PCR in some of the LMO1-derived and all of the C57BL/6-derived lymphomas, suggesting that insertional mutagenesis by an integrated but non-expressing (or silenced) retroviral vector may have contributed to TMZ-associated tumorigenesis in some instances. Two cases of treatment-related secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia have been reported in the literature for glioma patients treated with TMZ, indicating a clinical risk of TMZ tumorigenesis in some cancer patients. Here we present evidence that TMZ can cooperate with a tumor-promoting transgene (in LMO1 marrow) or potentially with insertional mutagenesis (in gamma-retrovirus transduced C57BL/6 or LMO1 marrow) for hematopoietic transformation, and that hematopoietic cells not protected by drug-resistant MGMT expression can give rise to lymphomas in a majority of mice following TMZ treatment.


In their previous investigations1,2), the authors fractionated two types of intracellular proteinase from some lactic acid bacteria by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and indicated that one of the two proteinase fractions from Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus casei, respectively, showed a maximum proteolytic activity at low temperature. This type of proteinase was considered to play an important role in the ripening of cheese and the study of this enzyme seemed to be too important to be overlooked in elucidating the mechanism of ripening of cheese. The present investigation indicated the method of preparation which was directed to the purification for low-temperature-active proteinase in Streptococcus lactis.


Many applications in practice involve the search for a shortest path in a network by optimizing two conflicting objective functions. Such problems often are referred to as biobjective optimization problems. Their goal is to find special optimal paths that are nondominated and are also known in the specialized literature as to as Pareto optimal. While most of the existing methods aim to find the minimum complete set of Pareto optimal paths, we propose an approach that is able to generate a list of all Pareto optimal solutions in a given network. The described method solves the biobjective optimization problem in the case in which the first objective function is a linear (MINSUM), while the second objective function is from the "bottleneck" type (MAXMIN). The presented approach is based on two modifications of the Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm that solve the MINSUM and the MAXMIN problems respectively. We prove the correctness and the computational complexity of the presented algorithms. Also, we provide detailed numerical examples that illustrate their execution.


Various space weather sensors are being developed to monitor important space weather events, which give large impacts on satellites and human activities. Observation concepts and characteristics of a particle detector and a magnetometer, which are the typical space weather sensors, were introduced to help understanding of the space-borne measurements of space weather phenomena. In addition, out of many space weather sensors, those for the geostationary satellite missions are summarized by describing the specifications, missions and applications of the space weather sensors, which will be equipped on the GOES-R satellite.


abstract:This article reports the results of a 2019 survey of academic librarians that investigated their attitudes, practices, and policies regarding open access (OA). This study asks if academic librarians write policies to ensure that they approach OA intentionally and systematically across all library services. The results indicate that, though librarians report favorable beliefs about OA and integrating OA into technical and public services, they seldom create OA policies.


Herpes zoster resulting from reactivation of preexisting Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is characterized by unilateral painful herpetic vesicular eruption along the dermatome. In the head and neck region, the most common presentation of herpes zoster is Ramsay Hunt syndrome which involves the neurons in the geniculate ganglion of the cranial nerve (CN) VII. The patients present with facial nerve palsy, otalgia, and herpetic auricular vesicular lesions, with or without auditory or vestibular involvement. However, VZV infection of the head and neck may present as multiple cranial neuropathies that are not necessarily associated with typical signs of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Herpes zoster oticus involving vestibular nerve without facial nerve involvement is uncommon and is only reported in a limited body of literature. To our knowledge, VZV infection involving multiple lower CN without facial paralysis has not yet been reported. The authors describe a rare case of herpes zoster oticus involving the lower CN VIII, IX and X, but sparing the motor fibers of CN VII.


Clusters are local networks of firms in related industries. They are found throughout the world, especially in the era of globalization. There is now a rapidly growing interest by scholars, entrepreneurs and public policy makers in the phenomenon of local clusters. Industrial linkage plays an important role in the decision making of industrial location, and is regarded as the mechanism of clustering. This paper explains the spatial change of local linkage and discusses the factors influencing the strength of local linkage. The paper also analyses briefly the issue of local linkage in the case of the industrial cluster of information technology in Dongguan City.


In 2015–2016, 13 forest and 7 virgin grassland plots located in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region were surveyed. The aim of the work was to experimentally test the possibility of using a method for calculating the dose rate of gamma radiation in air in radioactively contaminated forests in a remote period after the Chernobyl accident. According to the results of gamma-spectrometric analysis of soil samples obtained at the sites in another study, the values of inventory and vertical distribution of 137Cs in the upper 20 cm layer were established. In this paper, these data were used to calculate the air kerma rate using a method taken from literature. In addition, at the sites of soil sampling, ambient dose equivalent rate in air was measured, and the contribution of 137Cs to the total gamma dose rate was determined with a field gamma spectrometer-dosemeter. The measured values of the ambient dose equivalent rate from 137Cs correlated positively and statistically significantly with the calculated values of the air kerma rate. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.989 (P < 0.01) for the location "forest" and 0.893 (P < 0.05) for the location "grassland". There was no statistically significant difference between the "forest" and "grassland" locations when analyzing the ratio of the measured dose rate values to the calculated dose rate values (the Mann-Whitney U test, P > 0.05). Results of this work show that, when calculating gamma radiation dose rate in air in forests at a remote stage after the Chernobyl accident, it is enough to know the 137Cs inventory in the upper 20 cm soil layer and a detailed picture of vertical distribution of the radionuclide in this layer. The presence of woody biomass can be neglected. This dose rate estimate is conservative. However, a degree of overestimation of the dose rate in air is small, within +10%, which is quite acceptable for determining the external effective dose rate for an individual in the radioactively contaminated forest.


Heterologous fertilization happens to be one of the most widely applied techniques in the domain of medically assisted reproduction, applicable as it is both in association with insemination and within the context of in-vitro fertilization. The choice eventually made by national legislators as to the system to be instituted with respect to the disclosure of the identity of reproductive material donors – essentially opting between the anonymity or the disclosure of the donors' identity is understandably an aspect intrinsically related to such techniques. In that sense, there are legal orders likes those of Sweden, the United Kingdom, Austria and Switzerland where the principle of anonymity has already been abrogated just as there are countries like Greece and France where such principle remains legislatively valid.


Objective: To determine the correlation between neonatal arterial cord blood pH and NBNA(neonatal behavioural neurological assessment) through observation.Methods: From September 2005 to September 2006,100 neonates were randomly divided into two groups.There were 48 patients in the control group and 52 patients in the observation group,who were divided further into the severe asphyxia group of 15 cases and the mild asphyxia group of 37 cases according to their severity.The cord blood pH and NBNA score were assessed for both groups respectively.Results: There was significant difference between the control group and the observation group in terms of pH and base excess(BE)(P0.01).The NBNA scores 4 to 6 days post-delivery showed significant difference between the observation group and the control one(P0.01).Conclusions: For neonates who experienced intrauterine foetal distress,there is a correlation between cord pH,BE and NBNA score,which allows for the assessment of peri-natal metabolic acidosis.Thus,umbilical arterial pH is a useful biochemical indicator for the prediction of early neonatal prognosis.


Analysis of geometrical patterns of 635 variously substituted phenols in H-bonding complexes with bases revealed that C 1 O, C 1 C 2 , C 1 C 6 bond lengths as well as ipso bond angle change regularly with variation of the acidity (pK a ) of phenols. The Bent-Walsh rule is fulfilled and the approximate linear dependence between the above mentioned geometry parameters works. The perturbation in the OH group, due to H-bonding, is transmitted even on further fragments of the ring. DFT modelling at the B3LYP/6-311+G** level oftheory for the simplest cases illustrate nicely the conclusion derived for variously substituted systems.


In California, hard (Ixodidae) ticks transmit at least 8 zoonotic disease agents (1 virus, 6 bacteria, 1 protozoan) to humans or other animals. The correct taxonomic identification of all 3 parasitic stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) of ticks is integral to understanding host-tick associations and disease dynamics, but immature ticks, especially the larvae, can be difficult to identify. Here, we present larval keys to the 4 genera of Ixodidae (Dermacentor Koch 1844; Haemaphysalis Koch 1844; Ixodes Latreille 1795; Rhipicephalus Koch 1844) and to the 18 species of Ixodes known to be established in California. Several new diagnostic features, as well as photographs of microscopic structures, are provided to facilitate identification. Non-exclusive characters are utilized to separate the subgenera Ixodiopsis Filippova 1957 and Pholeoixodes Schulze 1942.


The various physiological parameters of laboratory animals may diversify between different strains of a given species but also by intrisec and extrinsic factors. Therefore, it is imperative that each Research Center to establish reference values for animals according to the species, the diet, the lineage, the sex and age as well as the methodology used to analyze the parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the range of reference values for hematologic and biochemical parameters of non-treated animals from the University Tiradentes vivarium, Sergipe, Brazil. Healthy Wistar rats were used (140-310 g) of both genders. The hematological profile (leukocytes: total and differential, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, some hematological indexes and platelets) and serum biochemistry determination of several parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, potassium, sodium, chloride, gamma-GT, calcium) were evaluated. Research data provide reference values for creation of Wistar rats, thus contributing to several projects of experimental research.


Background: Speed is a person's ability to perform a movement that is carried out continuously in the shortest possible time. At 50 meters running speed profile football players RAS Klaten measured using a stopwatch that has an average of 8.35 seconds with a classification that is moderate. One of exercise that is used to increase the speed of running is running interval training. Objective: To determine the effect running interval training on running speed of the the football players in school soccer RAS Klaten. Methods: The study was a quasi experiment with pre and post test without control group design. All samples submitted inclusion criteria given running interval training for 4 weeks with a frequency 3 times a week. Speed measurement made with a run of 50 yards using parameters such as a stopwatch. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test to test the effect of running interval training on running speed. Results: There was an effect running interval training on running speed of the football players in School Football RAS Klaten after the statistical test using wilcoxon match pair test with values obtained significance (2-tailed) 0.000. Conclusion: There was an effect running interval training on running speed of the football players in School Football RAS Klaten.


Abstract : If suitably accurate binary star orbits can be observed, the effects of planets in the binary star system may be detectable in the reflex motion of the component binary stars. We show that interferometric measurements of binary star systems will provide this information. We discuss the effects of the atmosphere on degrading images and how interferometry will remove these effects to provide very accurate binary star positions relative to the other components in the binary system. Two systems, amplitude interferometry and speckle interferometry, can accomplish this using existing telescopes and techniques. With these methods, nearly accuracies of 0.00002 arc second are possible for binaries of 1 arc second separation and 10000 arc second for a 5 arc binary. These accuracies are more than enough to detect planets in orbits like Jupiter's out to over 20 pc. There are 188 observable systems within 20 pc, in most of which it is possible to have stable planetary orbits similar to solar system orbits. With advanced data recording systems it is possible to observe binary systems where the components are as faint as +16 stellar magnitudes. A dedicated 2-meter interferometric telescope to monitor binary stars could be built for about 1.4 million dollars. (Author)


Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) has been widely applied in piezoelectric devices over the past few decades. However, concerns about environmental and health problems are growing because lead has significant toxicity [1]. BaTiO3-BiFeO3 (BT-BF) based materials are promising candidates for lead free piezoelectric materials. Lee reported that BT-BF based ceramics have high piezoelectric coefficient, d33 = 402 pC/N coupled with a high TC = 454oC after quenching [2]. However, there are challenges in applying quenched BT-BF ceramics for industrial applications such as poor mechanical reliability. Moreover, BT-BF ceramics lack the high temperature reliability needed for high strain/field piezoelectric applications such as fuel injectors for automotive engines. It has been suggested that the high leakage current results from either loss of Bi or formation of Fe as opposed to Fe during sintering and many researchers reported that some dopants alleviate these problems. However, the detailed mechanism of the dopant effects in BT-BF ceramics is still unclear because both acceptor and donor dopants have been reported to improve the resistivity of BT-BF ceramics [4, 5]. The aim of our work is to investigate the role of dopants and thus improve the piezoelectric properties in BT-BF based ceramics. To this end, we have studied (Mg2/3Nb1/3) as a self-compensated dopant in BT-BF ceramics within the solid solution (1-x-y)Bi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3-(x)BaTiO3-(y)BiFeO3. (Mg2/3Nb1/3) successfully unlocks the potential of BT-BF ceramics and (1-x-y)Bi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3-(x)BaTiO3-(y)BiFeO3 exhibits high strain and low temperature dependence of strain.


Music in Early Franciscan Thought. By Peter V. Loewen. (The Medieval Fran- ciscans, no. 9.) Leiden: Brill, 2013. [xiii, 262 p. ISBN 9789004248175 (hardcover); ISBN 9789004248182 (e- book), $182.] Illustrations, facsimiles, bibliography, index.Music in Early Franciscan Thought is an in- terdisciplinary study that examines the writ- ing and thinking of men whose works on music and related arts were widely dissemi- nated during the rise of the Franciscan Order in the thirteenth century. Peter V. Loewen's principal contribution is the ar- gument that Franciscans had an immense in- fluence on late medieval ecclesiology and preaching, with music as a key part of a campaign of reform and renewal in the Church. This came as a bit of a surprise to me, and might to others, because contem- porary Franciscans' charisms are about al- most anything but music. In fact, issues of peace, social justice, poverty, and reconcili- ation are among the primary concerns of their Order in the modern age, and no Franciscan I have ever known had an inter- est in music. Conversely, monastic tradi- tions of the sung Office and Mass, along with theoretical education in music, are most often associated historically with Benedictine foundations and cathedral scholae cantorum and this still holds true today. Loewen supplies the evidence that Franciscans indeed had a deep and abiding influence on the use of music as part of a larger program of preaching, teaching, penance, and evangelization.The book is ninth in the series The Medieval Franciscans, which explores discipline-specific topics. It culls from recent scholarship and interest in the "Franciscan vision not only in areas of phi- losophy, theology, and spirituality, but also in its application to social, missionary and pastoral work, art, liturgy and exegesis" (back cover). The series is an annual publi- cation edited by Steven J. McMichael. Other volumes in the series cover diverse and fascinating topics such as Friars and Jews in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (2004). The collection demonstrates the interdisciplinarity of its commitment to the Franciscan movement from the eleventh to the sixteenth centuries.Through the pages of Music in Early Franciscan Thought, it becomes apparent that medieval Franciscans retained their founder's use and understanding of music, along with dance, gesture and drama, as being essential to their work in the world. These themes were taken up by the Franciscan theologians-musicians-theorists to whose work Loewen dedicates chapters: Lotario di Segni (Pope Innocent III), Alexander of Hales, William of Middleton, David von Augsburg, Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, Bartholomaeus Anglicus, and Juan Gil de Zamora. Loewen fluently traverses several disciplines to fashion a thought-provoking work of scholarship in medieval musicology and philosophy and demonstrates an admirable command of theological, liturgical, and art historical materials. He brings medieval sources that have not been well understood together with ones that he has brought to light.The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 opened up a place for Franciscans to preach and serve in other pastoral capaci- ties along with secular clergy. Six years later, they were required to sing the divine office "according to the custom of other clerics" (p. 3). The combined effect of these changes must have altered the trajec- tory of their self-understanding as street beggars witnessing to the poverty of Christ. Now they were placed among parochial clergy and practiced the daily round of sung prayer associated with confidence and monasteries, and required skills and understanding in the practice of chant, all the while maintaining their identity as mendicants.Generally speaking, as chant became less an oral tradition and more a written one, music theory became more important. But why have musicologists not previously ex- amined medieval Franciscan theory? Loewen asserts that it was embedded in en- cyclopedic works that had escaped the at- tention of modern musicologists. …


The article presents arguments for a discussion of a research conducted in Public School, showing the identities produced and developed by the rich mix of specific social categories within the PE lessons. In these, as in other school situations, hierarchical differences are intrinsically related to race riots and how teachers deal usually unevenly, with students. The ways the teachers separate or mixed girls and boys and how to systematize and choose themes and contents reveal the importance of the debate either of heteronormativity as the exaltation of a particular race ethnicity over others. So, to think, as a backdrop, the ardent worship of heterosexual privilege and denial of blackness, the text proposes reflections addressing race as well as gender categories that are intrinsically linked and become emerging educational policies and the pedagogical practices from overlapping beam social categories .


under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the article is properly cited. a Pathology and Forensic Department Faculty of Medicine Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil. b Internal Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil. Periprostatic venous thrombosis


Promoters of in-vehicle navigation systems gathered in Atlanta in May 1996 for a one-day Traveler Information Showcase. Showcase organizers are offering more than 100 such systems to journalists, federal transportation officials, Olympic officials and residents of Atlanta for four months, beginning June 1, 1996. According to this article, no city in the United States has the comprehensive network of cameras detectors, computers, fiber optic cables and radio transmitters to make in vehicle navigation systems as useful as in Atlanta


This paper focuses on the joint estimation of parameters and time-delays of the multiple-input single-output output-error systems. Since the time-delays are unknown, an effective identification model with a high dimensional and sparse parameter vector is established based on overparameterization. Then, the identification problem is converted to a sparse optimization problem. Based on the basis pursuit de-noising criterion and the auxiliary model identification idea, an auxiliary model based basis pursuit de-noising iterative algorithm is presented. The parameters are estimated by solving a quadratic program, and the unavailable terms in the information vector are updated by the auxiliary model outputs iteratively. The time-delays are estimated according to the sparse structure of the parameter vector. The proposed method can obtain effective estimates of the parameters and time-delays from few sampled data. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


The present invention provides an electrical device (e.g., a flashlight) for current conduction in both unique and can realize human-machine interface circuit or microchip functions. According to the present invention, the human interface functions may be weak current signal, touch pads, or carbon coated membrane type switch other low current type switches to control. Here the low current type switch and switch prior art compared with smaller, more reliable, low cost, easy to close, not easily oxidized and corrosion characteristics. Further, according to the present invention, since the same man-machine interface function with a microchip that can be controlled in a smart way switching current conduction, so that significant cost savings and enhanced reliability. According to an embodiment, the present invention can be embedded while providing a power supply (e.g. a battery) in circuit or microchip, likewise achieves the above intelligent control. Thus, the previous level of intelligence is not high electrical devices some functions, such as delay switch, brightness reduction, delay and intermittent start automatically closed, in the present invention, the same can be achieved. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the inventive microchips or circuit capable of regulating the average current intensity through the switch to provide "on" and "off" sequence, a flashlight, these sequences is determined by the operator. They represent either a flash code sequence or a simple switch represents the oscillation delay auto-off function, the brightness reduction function, provide an indication of the strength and energy supply oscillating current to continue to extend the life of the battery switch and the like. Intervals can be selected by changing the control function of the switching time between successive starts.


We devise a preallocation based single hop wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) scheme to support time constrained communication in star coupled optical networks. We consider a star coupled broadcast and select network architecture in which N stations are connected to a star coupler with W different wavelength channels. Each of the W wavelength channels is slotted and shared by the N stations by means of time division multiplexing. Networks with different transceiver configurations, i.e., TT-FR, FT-TR, and TT-TR systems, are investigated. We characterize each real time message stream M, with two parameters, relative message deadline D/sub i/ and maximum (total) message size C/sub i/ that can arrive within any time interval of length D/sub i/. We then discuss a restricted case in a TT-FR system in which the message streams from a source station are assumed to be all going to the same destination station. Under this assumption, no source/destination conflicts may occur. We propose a preallocation based slot assignment scheme to allocate slots to a set of isochronous message streams, {M/sub i/=(C/sub i/, D/sub i/))|1/spl les/i/spl les/n}, so that in any time window of size D/sub i/ slots, at least C/sub i/ slots on a wavelength channel are allocated to M/sub i/ for all i. With the solution derived in the restricted case as a basis, we then consider slot assignment in a (general) TT-TR system, and propose a binary splitting scheme to assign each message stream sufficient and well spaced slots to fulfill its timing requirement, subject to source/destination conflict constraints. We rigorously prove the invariant properties and the correctness of the binary splitting scheme.


Joanne Bailey 'I dye [sic] by Inches': locating wife beating in the concept of a privatization of marriage and violence in eighteenth-century England Theories of privatization have become central to the social, cultural and gender histories of eighteenth-century England. In particular the concept has been applied to marriage, seeing it as evolving over time into a more private institution, and to interpersonal violence, suggesting that it moved indoors and off the streets by the end of the eighteenth century. The location of marital violence functions as a lynchpin in both models, with the proposal that it shifted from a public to a private activity over the same period. Thus this article maps the location of wife beating over the long eighteenth century. The spatial context is important because recent research demonstrates that space shapes social and power relationships and produces and constructs violence. Crucially, an analysis of the sites of wife beating develops further previous spatial and linguistic analysis of the public/private distinction to demonstrate that the terms 'public' and 'private' cannot be simplistically equated with outdoors and indoors. Contemporaries equated 'private' with secret or hidden abuse and 'public' with open or witnessed abuse, rather than home or not-home. Furthermore it rejects a chronological model of wife beating's retreat out of sight by revealing that class and changing ideals of masculinity interacted with the material environment to shape the visibility of marital violence. Thus this article demonstrates that wife beating cannot be deployed unproblematically to support sweeping narratives of a privatization of marriage and violence. Sally Parkin Witchcraft, women's honour and customary law in early modern Wales Contextualizing perceptions of order as conformity to Welsh customary law rather than to English statute law, with particular emphasis on women and witchcraft, the article explores the influences which determined the nature of the two types of witchcraft cases, witchcraft as words and witchcraft as malefice, found in the records of the Courts of Great Sessions for Wales, 1536–1736. Witchcraft in early modern Wales concerns the degrees of experience of authority with which all the participants had to contend. The cases indicate that the experience of English state authority was largely subsumed by the experience of Welsh custom. Custom, as customary law and customary practice, provided a framework within which Welsh people could respond to witches and witchcraft in such a way that interpersonal and communal harmony was maintained. It is precisely because Welsh people retained and used the principles of their customs that women slandered and accused of witchcraft in early modern Wales experienced a response in court which reflected the importance of their social place and cultural status. Witchcraft in early modern Wales was gender specific, an experience which was a determining and positive factor for those accused as witches: even when found guilty, execution did not occur. Customary practices and the customary Law of Women were authorities that clearly remained of greater significance to early modern Welsh people than the authority of the English state. Daniel Weinbren The Good Samaritan, friendly societies and the gift economy In the nineteenth century paraded banners were an important means by which friendly societies represented themselves to members, to prospective members and to supporters. These mutual aid organizations, which were principally designed to help people protect themselves against problems which arose due to the illness or death of a breadwinner, often decorated their banners with a representation of the Good Samaritan. The popularity of this choice can be understood in terms of Mauss's notion that communities are built on the cyclical exchange of both tangible and intangible 'gifts'. This preference indicates the importance that the societies attached to Jesus's parable, including his instruction, 'Go thou and do likewise', which made clear the obligation upon members to maintain a cycle of exchange within a Christian community. The iconic image could be used to support a notion of charity as Christian, reciprocal and male. It also served to mute internal divisions and encourage new membership as it could be read as evidence of sympathy for a diverse range of views about justice and alms, individual advance and social solidarity, equity and hierarchy, charity and fraternity, hospitality and surveillance, respect for authority and working men's aspirations for greater independence from their social superiors. Andrew Donson Why did German youth become fascists? Nationalist males born 1900 to 1908 in war and revolution German male youth in the so-called war youth generation born 1900 to 1908, the vast majority of whom never served in the army, overwhelmed Nazi and paramilitary organizations after 1918 in part because their schooling, reading, recreation, pre-military training and home life during the First World War encouraged identification with the violence and glory of war. Nationalist boys' school compositions, observations of their games and their antics on the street, and their consumption of graphic war literature from 1914 to 1918 suggest that they yearned to be soldiers and had unshakable faith in Germany's military superiority and ultimate victory. The middle-class male youth who participated in voluntary patriotic labour felt they made enormous sacrifices to win the war and consequently resented the working classes for supporting peace. A survey of autobiographies suggests that the revolution and armistice enraged Nazis in this cohort for denying them the opportunity to demonstrate their masculinity at the front. Their war experience also made possible their belief that the German army was unconquered on the battlefield and stabbed in the back by traitors at home.


In this paper we first present a Birman-Murakami-Wenzl type algebra for every Coxeter system of rank 2 (corresponding to dihedral groups). We prove they have semisimple for generic parameters, and having natural cellular structures. And classcify their irreducible representations. Among them there is one serving as a generalization of the Lawrence-Krammer representation with quite neat shape and the "correct" dimension. We conjecture they are isomorphic to the generalized Lawrence-Krammer representaions defined by I.Marin as monodromy of certain KZ connections. We prove these representations are irreducible for generic parameters, and find a quite neat invariant bilinear form on them. Based on above constructions for rank 2, we introduce a Birman-Murakami-Wenzl type algebra for an arbitrary Coxeter system. For every Coxeter system, the introduced algebra is a quotient of group algebra of the Artin group (associated with this Coxeter system), having the corresponding Hecke algebra as a quotient. The simple generators of the Artin group have degree 3 annihiating polynomials in this algebra.


We performed all-electron ab initio self-consistent field Hartree-Fock linear combination of atomic orbital, in which electronic correlation using density functional were included to perform electronic calculations in MgB2 new superconductor. Superconductivity in this compound was correlated with existence of Px,y band holes at Gamma point.


ABSTRACT
 Basal ornithopods exhibit a very low diversity in Cretaceous deposits of Asia, with only two diagnostic taxa published to date. A new basal ornithopod, Haya griva, gen. et sp. nov., is described here based on several well-preserved specimens from the Late Cretaceous Javkhlant Formation of Mongolia. Haya is diagnosed by a unique combination of characters, some of which are also present in other Asian Cretaceous basal ornithopods such as a bifid caudal ramus of the jugal and a tapering and beveled predentary. Traits, such as presence of separate maxillary fenestra, otherwise only known in Hypsilophodon, show more homoplastic distributions. Phylogenetic analysis provides weak support for grouping Haya with the Chinese Cretaceous taxa Jeholosaurus and Changchunsaurus, suggesting a greater hidden diversity of such animals in Asia. The most complete prepared specimen of Haya exhibits a sizeable gastrolith mass, representing only the second occurrence among ornithopods.


The share of renewable energy in the electrical grid will likely increase as mitigation measures for future climate change are put into effect. Renewable energy production, such as wind and solar, is largely dependent on the weather and is thus subject to variability on (sub-)daily, weekly and yearly timescales. To facilitate a smooth transition of the energy system, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge of such a future energy system on hourly level for multiple years.


In this paper we use formal software engineering techniques to support one of the most difficult steps in software engineering: learning to use a programming language. In order to support numerous exercises of a large number of students some automatic support for checking the solutions and providing hints for the occurrence of erroneous code fragments is highly desirable to help students doing their work. For such support a specification language to describe search patterns for typical solution patterns in student exercises has been created. This language especially supports the structured description of complex search patterns. The specified patterns are transformed into graph rules, which are applied to student solutions in our testing support environment. The approach extends the work we presented in [5]. In addition to the application areas described here the search for a class of structures can be used in other areas like the check for design patterns or looking for code fragments where refactorings can be applied.


The two decades between 1955 and 1976, bookended by the beginning of a military coup that ousted populist President Juan Peron in 1955 and the dictatorship that replaced a democratically elected government in 1976, was a period of tremendous political radicalism that would leave a permanent impression on Argentina's political history. During this period, left wing parties in Argentina, already "extensive, prolific, [with] countless complexities and contradictions," 2 gradually transformed from traditional orthodox parties of the left and the labor movement into a 'new left,' introducing a wide range of ideological influences. The nueva izquierda drew from crowds of intellectuals, university students, defectors from traditional parties, guerrillas, and social movements, raising a challenge to the legitimacy of traditional leftist parties in representing the spectrum of political concerns and ambitions of the left.


The presence of two new extinct nuclides 26Al and 107Pd with half-lives ∼106 years in the early solar system implies that there were nucleosynthetic activities involving a great many elements almost at the instant of solar system formation. Rare gas and oxygen isotopic abundance variations ["anomalies"] relative to the "cosmic" composition were observed in a variety of planetary objects indicating that isotopic heterogeneities caused by the incomplete mixing of distinct nucleosynthetic components permeate the entire solar system. The correlated nuclear ["FUN"] anomalies in O, Mg, Si, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nd, and Sm were found in three rare inclusions in the Allende meteorite, which show large mass-dependent isotopic fractionation effects. The signature of the nuclear component required to explain these anomalies suggests a source which has received a catastrophic neutron burst [e.g., an r-process event]. These extinct nuclides and nucleosynthetic anomalies provide new clues to solar system formation. In particular, these results have led to the speculation that a nearby supernova had injected freshly synthesized material into the early solar nebula and possibly triggered the collapse of the proto-solar interstellar cloud. Furthermore, these new results have major implications on cosmochronology, nucleosynthesis theory, star formation, planetary heating, and the genetic relationship between different planetary bodies.


New compounds with a 7-amino-2-arylmethyl-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine structure were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their affinity and/or potency at the human (h) A1, hA2A, hA2B, and hA3 adenosine receptors (ARs). Several compounds (5, 8–10, 13, 18, 19) were characterized by nanomolar and subnanomolar binding affinities for the hA1 and the hA2A AR, respectively. Results of molecular docking studies supported the in vitro results. The 2-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(furan-2yl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidin-7-amine derivative 18 (hA1 Ki = 1.9 nM; hA2A Ki = 0.06 nM) was evaluated for its antidepressant-like activity in in vivo studies, the forced swimming test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST), and the sucrose preference test (SPT) in mice, showing an effect comparable to that of the reference amitriptyline.


Introduction: Extreme neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) can be a heavy burden for nursing home (NH)-residents, relatives and caregivers. When conventional treatments are ineffective or have intolerable side effects, extreme NPS can be considered refractory. In these situations, continuous palliative sedation (CPS) is sometimes administered. We explored the trajectory leading to CPS and its application in NH-residents with dementia and refractory NPS. Methods: A qualitative interview study was performed in 2017. Relatives, elderly care physicians and other staff members involved with three NH-residents with dementia and extreme refractory NPS who received CPS were interviewed. These NH-residents lived on dementia special care units of three NHs in the Netherlands. We used consecutive sampling to select participants. Medical files were studied. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Transcriptions were analyzed with thematic analysis, including directed content analysis. Results: Nine in-depth interviews with fourteen participants were held. Analysis resulted in five main themes with several subthemes reflecting phases of the trajectory leading to CPS and the CPS application itself, a sixth main theme concerned evaluations thereof. According to the first theme (run-up), the suffering of the NH-resident was described as unbearable/an inner struggle. Participants still had hope for improvement. Concerning the second theme (turning point), hope was lost, participants were convinced they had tried everything and experienced feelings of powerlessness and failure. Regarding theme three (considering CPS), intermittent sedation was applied in all three cases and peer consultation was employed. Honoring the wish of the NH-resident and therapeutic uncertainties, among others, were important subthemes. According to theme four (decision to start CPS), in each case one specific aspect was a decisive trigger for administering CPS. Concerning theme five (applying CPS) feelings of relief were experienced after starting with CPS. Conclusions: The trajectory leading up to CPS in NH-residents with dementia and extreme refractory NPS was complex and burdensome, but the application led to relief and contentment of all those involved. We recommend to include external consultation in the decision process and to apply intermittent sedation as a preceding step when CPS is considered.


Eight growth regulators were applied in the field to Brussels sprouts foliage. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide reduced stalk length and hastened maturity as much as manual topping and did not affect yield. Rates of 2000–4000 ppm were effective, the highest rates resulting in earliest maturity.


Acupuncture was first legalized in Maryland in 1973. By the end of 2009, regulatory legislation had passed in all but six states. The growth of acupuncture is most commonly measured by its well-documented demand as a treatment modality and the rapid increase in the number of licensees. Much less documented is a puzzling stagnation in work opportunities and income. As many as half of all licensees, on graduation and licensure, may be unable to support themselves by working in their chosen profession. However, unlike other well-established complementary and alternative health professions, such as chiropractic and massage, acupuncture is conspicuously absent from the Bureau of Labor and Statistics occupations manual, with only a handful of secondary and incomplete studies available, which together provide an inexact picture of the workforce. In this article, the authors review seven reports that provide limited information including hours worked, income, and practice type. Although data from these published articles are not standard, it can be reasonably concluded from the available information that, over the past decade, 50% of the licensed acupuncture (LAc) workforce is working less than 30 hr weekly; 50% are earning less than $50,000 on average; and the number of LAcs working independently in practice, either in their own office or sharing one, has increased from approximately 75% to 90%. Suggestions are presented for conducting a much needed comprehensive analysis of the acupuncture workforce.


In this study, it was aimed to determine efficiency of different debittering methods on bitterness of peelin traditional bitter orange peel jam production which is produced commonly in Mediterranean Regionof Turkey. Effectiveness of debittering methods have been determined with respect to total phenolic,total flavonoid and bitter flavonoids contents. For this purpose; 19 different debittering methods wereapplied and three of them were more successful than other applications. The first one was blanchingthe peel for 30 minutes and then keeping in 40 C the water for 48 hours. Second one was blanchingthe peel for 30+10 minutes (two times) in 4 % salted (NaCl) water and then keeping in the water atambient temperature for 48 hours. The last one was blanching the peel for 10 minutes in sodium carbonatecontained water (1% Na2CO3) and then keeping in the water at ambient temperature for 48 hours.These methods could be applied practically and effectively. Additionally, these methods could providedecreasing in losses during bitter orange peel jam production


Objective: Severe Pre-eclampsia is a hipertensive disorder of a pregnancy that
remains major maternal mortality in developing country. It is also a leading cause of
perinatal morbidity and mortality in dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The prevalence
of severe preeclampsia increased because of various risk factors. The objective of the
study is to see the risk factors of severe preeclampsia like family history, age, parity,
obesity, multifetal gestational, history of diabetes mellitus, history of hypertension,
history of preeclampasia / eclampsia, an autoimmune disease, the interval of marriage
to pregnant, IVF, old primi secondary and infection. The purpose of this study is to
determine the risk factors occurrence of severe preeclampsia (PEB) at the Hospital of
Dr Soetomo Surabaya year 2015.
Study Design: The type and design of the study are an analytic and retrospective
study. This study was held in the Dr. Soetomo hospital from April until November
2016. The instrument of the study is the medical records then being coded and
analized. The sample unit is 167 pregnant women, it consist of 67 pregnant women
with severe preeclampsia as a case and 67 pregnant women as a control.
Results: Maternal obesity (OR = 5,786 ; 95% CI : 2,300 – 14,555), history of
hypertension (OR = 6,693 ; 95% CI : 1,848 – 24,237) and secondary old primi (OR =
6,384 ; 95% CI : 1,357– 30,031) are associated with the development of severe PE.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the risk factors that significant the occurrence of severe
preeclampsia in the Hospital of Dr. Soetomo Surabaya year 2015 are obesity, history
of hypertension and secondary old primi variables.


The author explores the effects a transition from a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) social security system to a fully funded system may have on income distribution, fiscal policy, and capital accumulation. The author presents a heterogeneous agent model developed to study the transition from a state-managed pay-as-you-go social security system to a privately managed fully funded system. He assumes that agents can differ in their human capital endowments and in their access to the financial system. The author finds that, for some initial distributions, when access to the financial system is restricted for some individuals, income distribution may improve with privatization of the pension system. Where there is complete access to the financial system before reform, however, income distribution deteriorates in all cases. Regardless of the initial distributions, reform of the type described here increases the level of physical capital in the economy. But the increase will be larger the larger the fraction of the population composed of poor individuals, or the higher their level of human capital. The author also finds that different initial distributions will have different effects on the fiscal policy needed to finance reform. Similarly, different forms of reform financing will have different effects on intragenerational distribution. In the case in which government decides to maintain a constant level of debt, generations alive when the reform takes place will have lower lifetime earnings than those born after them. The author also finds that the taxes needed to pay for transitional workers' pensions will be higher when the fraction of the population with access to the financial system in the PAYG equilibrium is higher.


Asphalt and its composites are electrical insulating materia ls, whose resitivity ranges from 10~10 . The conductive performance of the asphalt-based composite can be mark dly improved with the addition of conductive materials such as graphite. The electrically modified asphalt composites exhibit self-sensing ability to strain, defects , and temperature. Conductive asphalt-based composite would have a profound effect on pavement deicing, dam age testing, highway traffic monitoring and so on. Materials such as Koch AH-70, basalt aggregate, limestone powder and graphite particles were used to prepare a conductive aspha lt-based composite in this study. Special attention was placed to its conductive behavior and piezor esistivity. The results show that when the graphite content in asphalt-based composite increases to a critical content, the resistivity declines rapidly. Beyond the critical content, the r ate of resistivity varying with the graphite content becomes smooth. Temperature has a remarkable eff ect on the electrical conduction of the asphalt-based composites. There is a turning point of resisti vity with the increase of temperature. Dynamic and static compressive loadings also affec t the resistance obviously. The reasons may involve the proximity effect, microcracks and the sta ggered arrangements of conductive pass-ways.


In order to analyze and share results of global change climate data sets, scientists require a venue in which to exchange their results. The perfect medium for these collaborative efforts is the world wide web. Intuitive and efficient user interfaces, and background processes were developed at the Global Hydrology and Climate Center to interactively view weather satellite, radar, global temperature anomaly, and model output data using the world wide web. These tools combine scripts, Java, and C code, which allows the end user to easily interact with data, to create high resolution sector images, and sectored animation sequences. This paper examines the architecture and interfaces which were designed at the Global Hydrology and Climate Center and how they are used for collaborative research.


Background: E-learning platform can be utilized to improve pre-clinical practical skills. Millions undergraduates are active users of WhatsApp platform and this can be used for learning and evaluation.
Objectives: The study's goals and include using WhatsApp to reinforce pre-clinical wire bending exercises among undergraduate dental students and assessing the effectiveness and acceptability of this platform among them.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a nine-month period and included 79 final-year BDS students from Mansarovar Dental College in Bhopal. The research was divided into three three-month sessions. An examination of similar questions of 10 MCQ and 10 Likert questions was conducted at the beginning and end of each session. A WhatsApp group called "Let's Learn Wire Bending" was formed, and digital images of wire bending exercises with step-by-step instructions and clinical benefits were posted. WhatsApp discussions about each appliance were held for three months, and at the end of the third month, an offline examination was held using the first question paper set, and student progress was evaluated.
Statistical analysis: Shapiro-Wilk's test was applied for evaluating normality of samples distribution, and in non-parametric data obtained from the Likert's score was converted into mid-point data analysis, and comparison between groups. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess acceptability.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between before-session test results and after-session test results with a p-value less than 0.001. Likert feedback questionnaire revealed that students enjoyed this method of teaching.
Conclusions: The present study concluded that teaching pre-clinical wire bending exercises through WhatsApp application reinforces the traditional method of pre-clinical demonstration.


Standardize test paper mainly contains multiple-choise questions and judge the questions.The standardize testing has advantages in extending the range of examination,enhancing objectivism,reducing marking errors,lessening the burden of teacher.Standardize test paper is suitable for the technology courses.This paper mainly introduced the methods and procedures of designing the standardize test paper with PowerPoint.The standardize test paper brings about testing in computer and it can get the testing score automatically.


The present study attempts a characterization of the short story written for children with special attention on discourse itself and its linguistic construction. It is supported on statements of Labov and Waletzky (1967) and Labov (1972), as well as the fundamentals of Systemic-functional Grammar as developed by Martin et al (1997). An exploratory study was designed of a sample of 10 short stories collected from school textbooks for basic education. Results indicate that the stories analyzed have a macro-structure which is similar to that of oral narratives of personal experience. The elements orientation, complication, evaluation and resolution became evident in all the stories of the sample. Also, we found predominance of material and verbalization processes, which suggests that speech is as relevant as action. Finally, an important consistency was found between the types of clausal processes and their grouping in functional sections of the narration.


Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is one of the most important methodologies, which embraces academic content and language proficiency. In Ecuador, CLIL methodology must be used since it is stated in the National Curriculum Guidelines (2016). Therefore, teachers are in charge of applying CLIL in order to give students the opportunity use the English language in different fields and situations. Despite of this statement, through a previous analysis it was determined as a problem that CLIL is not enhancing the vocabulary development in dressmaking students from Unidad Educativa Pcei De Formacion Artesanal ¨Cruzada Social¨. According to their specialization all the subjects are related to tailoring, however, the contents and vocabulary taught in English class do not fit with students' needs and interest. Hence, this study focuses on analyzing the Content and Language Integrated Learning Methodology in the Vocabulary Learning Process in Unidad Educativa Pcei De Formacion Artesanal "Cruzada Social". In order to achieve the established objectives, one English teacher and fifteen students from First Year of Baccalaureate "A" were taken as a population. The type of the developed study is qualitative with an exploratory level; while, the qualitative method employed was ethnographic. Furthermore, the observation technique was used and an observation sheet was applied in order to collect the needed information. The research results are shown by a descriptive analysis of the importance, process and effectiveness of CLIL methodology in the vocabulary development.


We show tha t taking monopole rearrangement of electrons1 shel l s i n t o consideration when calculating K-spectza in tens i t ies lead t o 15 30% increase of calculated intensi ty r a t i o IXp 5/IKp t ha t is being used as a standard value when determining p -electron densities of valenwstates on 3d metals i n compounds. It i s known *hat the Kp5 -spectra of 3d-metals give the informat ion about valency s ta tes . in molecules and solids. Shape of spectrum ref lec ts the energetic structure of valency s ta tes , while integral intensikies are proportional t o p-electronic densities of valency s t a t e s within a sphere of 0.6 re radias (r, is a covalent radius around the t ransi t ion metal atom) /I/, 'Po determine electronic density of p-symmetry one normally uses experimental values of intensi ty rat i o ( 2C =X,3 5/w ) which are being compared with the zo values calculated f o r atoms with one 4p-electron /2/. zo values f o r 3dmetals were calculated i n /2/ within a one-electron approximation. Core rearrangemen* i n presence of vacancy had been part ly taken in to aocotmt: transitions' matrix elements had been supposed t o be propot ional t o the amplitudes of 4pand 3ptravefunctions near the metal nucleus within the i n i t i a l Is-vacancied state. It has been shown in /3/ tha t such an approach may lead t o a lo€)% mistakes when calculating the photoabsorption cross sections, B e mistakes are caused by the f ac t t ha t the additional terms in matrix elements tha t appeardue t o nonorthogonality of radia l functions of i n i t i a l and final s t a t e s may be of the same order as the principal term, !tWs paper's a i m i s t o calculate intensi ty r a t i o f o r the row of 3d transi t ion metals considering the monopole rearrangement of electronsshells (MRES) via the methods described i n /3,4/, 2 2 6 2 6 n l l me configurations of newtral atoms K o = l s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p were taken as basic ones. K p yemission correspond t o 4~-~-4p-' trans i t ion (hereafter the configurations are labled refering t o KO). is emitted through the t ransi t ion ~ s ~ j ~ ~ . Subst i tu t iw multielectArticle published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19879112 C9-654 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ron one-determinant functions of initial and final states in dipole transition operator we have the following expressions within the first order accuracy: (4p-|D|ls-)= g^tetrUp)ftslrUp)(2pUp) _ (isttM3p)gpV4pU (1) ( 3 P 1 | D | 1 S 1 ) N2{(isiri3p) .nsirupM2pi3p). I (2) where D ** / ,r. is a dipole transition matrix element, N-.No are the products of overlap integrals (nljnl) for nl orbitals not involved in the transition. Radial |nT) and (nl) orbitals are calculated for configurations 1s and np by solving Hartree-ffock equations that were everaged over the configurations. The Table lists transition matrix elements (1,2) as well as the values of intensity ratios that have been calculated within a one-electron approximation: 1 2 •dC0 ((1s|r\4p) / (1s|r\5p)) , 6 and those calculated taking MESS into account 5£« ((%>~|Dl1s-) / (jp-^jDlls-)) . 6 !Dable. Dipole transition matrix elements and intensity ratios IK|6c/IK|6/j calculated within one-electron approximation (^£Q), and taking MEES into account (SK-).


This paper analyses the relationship between advertising expenditure and the evolution of GDP. First of all, it considers how the different advertising media are influenced by the economic situation and on the other hand, it explores the connections between advertising expenditure and the different types of production activities. The analysis is focused on the case of Spain between the years 1976 and 2003.


resent a comprehensive synthesis of observations with advances in numerous disciplines (physics; mathematics; and atmospheric,ocean-ic, cryospheric, and related sciences), enabling hypothesis testing via numerical experiments. For the Arctic Ocean, modeling has become one of the major instruments for understanding past conditions and explaining recently observed changes. has investigated various aspects of ocean and sea ice changes for the time period 1948 to present.Among the major AOMIP themes are investigations of the origin and variability of Atlantic water (AW) circulation , mechanisms of accumulation and release of fresh water (FW), causes of sea level rise, and the role of tides in shaping climate. This article presents several hypotheses based on the synthesis of model results with observations, and it delineates major directions for modeling studies during the International Polar Ye ar (IPY) 2007–2008. The puzzle of AW circulation at 200–800 m depth has been studied by generations of Arctic scientists.AW penetrates into the Arctic via Fram Strait and St.Anna Trough (Barents Sea). Under extensive surface cooling,itsinks to intermediate depths and forms the relatively warm Atlantic Layer (Θ > 0°C, where Θ represents potential water temperature).This layer is covered by low-density surface waters and is thus prevented from undergoing heat and momentum exchange with the atmosphere. The most widely accepted theory postulates that AW circulates counterclockwise in the Arctic basins (Figure 1).Among AOMIP models , the simulated AW circulation differs in intensity and sense of rotation: Some models show anticyclonic and some support cyclonic circulation patterns.AOMIP has examined the underlying causes for such inconsistency, identified factors infl uencing AW behavior, and formulated important implications from these studies. In an idealized model, J.Yang (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; see the AOMIP We b site for all article references) examined how flux of potential vorticity (PV) at the Arctic Ocean boundaries affects the AW circulation direction. Because AW is not directly forced by wind stress, the PV integral over the Arctic basins yields a balance between the net lateral PV inflow through straits and PV dissipation along the boundary. When a layer between two surfaces of constant density receives net positive (negative) PV through inflow or outfl ow, the circulation becomes cyclonic (anticyclonic) so that friction can generate a flux of negative (positive) PV to satisfy the integral balance. A significant implication is that the hydro-graphic structure and transport of AW entering or leaving the Arctic are important for setting the pattern and direction of …


In this paper, the "White Box" ing the technology information in particulate processes was taken notice from the standpoint of overcoming the information gap between "user" and "maker".To overcome the information gap between "user" and "maker" in particulateprocesses, two problems have to be soluted.One is "White Box" ing of particulatebehaviors such as powder flow, powder compact, powder storage, powder mixing.And the other is that of technology information through "catalogue" between "user" and "maker".From the standpoint above, X-ray radiograph measurement method wassuggested to play basic and important role to overcome the particulate behaviorgap.The latter was discussed by searching the actual catalogues in particulateprocess industries in Japan.And, as the result, a new concept of "catalogue" getting understanding between "user" and "maker" in particulate process industries.


The goal of this project was to incorporate prior genetic knowledge on Angus and Red Angus sires whose progeny are being registered in the American Gelbvieh Association (AGA) to better account for selection on these sires and to improve carcass EBV prediction for their crossbred progeny. External EBV (EEBV) for carcass weight (CWT), rib eye area (REA) and marbling score (MARB) were obtained from the American Angus Association (n = 5,472) and Red Angus Association of America (n = 3,482). EEBV for CWT and REA were added to the AGA model containing actual CWT, REA, and ultrasound REA (UREA). EEBV for MARB were added to the AGA model containing actual MARB and percent intramuscular fat (IMF). Prior to their inclusion, EEBV were deregressed for accuracy. Models currently used by the AGA for the prediction of carcass EPD were preserved. Heritability of the EEBV and genetic correlations between the EEBV and traits in the existing models were the only parameters estimated. A simple mean was the sole EEBV fixed effect included. Heritability estimates for the EEBV were found to be 0.23 ± 0.01, 0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.18 ± 0.01 for CWT, REA and MARB, respectively. Genetic correlations between external CWT EBV and actual CWT, external REA EBV and actual REA, external REA EBV and UREA, external MARB EBV and actual MARB, external MARB EBV and IMF were found to be 0.35 ± 0.15, 0.33 ± 0.15, 0.39 ± 0.06, 0.53 ± 0.15 and 0.49 ± 0.05, respectively. Angus animal EPD correlations between models with EEBV and those without were 0.94, 0.95 and 0.78; Gelbvieh EPD correlations were 0.98, 0.996 and 0.98; EPD correlations for all animals were 0.95, 0.98 and 0.90 for CWT, REA and MARB, respectively. Inclusion of the EEBV resulted in an increased EPD spread for the suite of AGA carcass EPD. For Angus animals and their progeny, this spread was increased by 43%, 25% and 101%; EPD spread increase for all animals was 6.3%, 3.4% and 44.8% for CWT, REA and MARB, respectively. This procedure resulted in positive and moderately high genetic correlations between the EEBV and corresponding traits in the current evaluation. This procedure resulted in the models more appropriately evaluating external Angus sires in the AGA carcass evaluation.


: A mixture of Al2O3 and GdAlO3 was melted and rapid quenched to produce an amorphous film. Dense eutectic composites were consolidated from ground amorphous powder using both conventional and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Conventional sintering at temperatures above 1600degreesC for 24 h was required for complete sintering. However, using SPS complete sintering could be obtained at temperatures between 1300 and 1500degreesC with no soaking. The SPS technique could consolidate ultrafine eutectic structure from rapid quenched amorphous material, whilst conventional sintering was not successful owing to grain growth. A combination of rapid quenching and SPS resulted in an ultrafine eutectic Al2O3-GdAlO3 structure. A mixture of Al 2 O 3 and GdAlO 3 was melted and rapid quenched to produce an amorphous film. Dense eutectic composites were consolidated from ground amorphous powder using both conventional and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Conventional sintering at temperatures above 1600 u C for 24 h was required for complete sintering. However, using SPS complete sintering could be obtained at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 u C with no soaking. The SPS technique could consolidate ultrafine eutectic structure from rapid quenched amorphous material, whilst conven- tional sintering was not successful owing to grain growth. A combination of rapid quenching and SPS resulted in an ultrafine eutectic Al 2 O 3 –GdAlO 3 structure.


The temperature field for the conventional TIG welding of fine grain titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with different grain sizes is studied by numerical and experimental methods.The results show that the temperature field patterns and the temperature developing histories of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy with different grain sizes are similar.But because of the refinement of base material grain size and the increment of grain boundaries,thermal conductivity and specific heat are both reduced,and the value of specific heat reduced is larger than that of thermal conductivity.So the heat conduction abilities of finer grain titanium alloy are weakened,the isothermal range of fine grained titanium alloys is larger than that of coarse grained titanium alloys,and the further the distances to central line of weld is,the more visible the difference is.The peak temperature of points with same distances to central line in fine grained titanium alloy is higher than that in coarse grained titanium alloy.


The invention discloses a submarine sightseeing diving system with a submarine fixed rail or a submarine cable suspended in a cableway as the route. The system comprises a rail or a cableway, a diving compartment, a water power traction cable system or a self-provided power system of the compartment. In the diving sightseeing system, a high-pressure gas cylinder in the compartment helps a user inthe compartment to breathe; and the pressure of the diving compartment and the pressure outside the compartment are regulated to be balanced through a pressure balancer with the high-pressure gas of the high-pressure gas storage cylinder, so as to prevent the dizziness, the vomiting and other adverse reactions of a passenger, provide a broad view for the passenger so that the submarine sightseeing is freer, and solves the possibility of polluting and damaging submarine environment and harming benthonic organisms. The submarine sightseeing diving system applies the concise and practical working principle and scientific design and meets the demand for the submarine sightseeing of a large number of passengers, and the flexible and variable design can satisfy various requirements of various areas.


This study involves fabricating Ti based materials reinforced by carbon nano-tubes. CNTs were added with weight percentage (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% ) to enhance the mechanical properties of titanium. Some properties were measured for nanocomposites (CNTs/Titanium) such as microhardness, elastic modulus, wear rate in addition to microstructure by SEM. Microhardness was increased for nano-composites, which increased 421 Kg/mm2. The results of elastic modulus shown the decreasing in elastic modulus from 124 GPa to 82 GPa for nanocomposites. Wear rate results exhibited the lower wear rate of nano-composites compared with titanium due to the filling the vacancy in microstructure by CNTs. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that uniform distribution of CNTs in titanium and the lowest defect in microstructure. The good coherence between CNTs and base metal led to good mechanical properties.


The conventional green space index include the per capita public green space area, the green space ratio, the vegetation ratio and so on, which have not required the homogeneity degree of city green space distribution. The homogeneity degree of green space distribution should be emphasized so as to bring the utilization function of city green space into full play and to meet people's need of being close to the green space. The homogeneity degree could be analyzed through Lorenz curve and Geordie coefficient in order to reach a reasonable parameter in the city green space planning and building. The homogeneity degree can optimize the landscape layout of city green space and the distribution.


W.E.B. DuBois's Black Reconstruction is widely recognized as a masterpiece of historical reinterpretation, its idiosyncratic application of Marxist concepts the subject of extensive debate. This talk identifies a key intellectual influence on DuBois that previous scholarship has overlooked. I demonstrate that Will Herberg, a leading figure in the "Lovestoneite" wing of the socialist movement, drew DuBois's attention to Marx and Engels' writings on the Civil War and Reconstruction; sketched a historical materialist analysis of the period that influenced DuBois's own interpretation; and inspired the "psychological wage" formulation that DuBois employed in his text.


The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mothers` parenting, children`s self-esteem, and stress. The participants were composed of 320 elementary school 5th graders (161 boys and 159 girls) from the Seoul area. They completed questionnaires on mothers` parenting, children`s self-esteem, and stress. The data were analyzed by means of Pearson`s correlation coefficients and regressions. It was observed that maternal warmth was negatively correlated with children`s stress in both boys and girls. Children`s self-esteem was also negatively correlated with children`s stress in both boys and girls. in addition maternal warmth was positively correlated with self-esteem in both boys and girls. It was futher found that self-esteem tended to play a partially mediating role between maternal warmth and children`s stress only in boys. Self-esteem tended to play a perfectly mediating role between maternal permissiveness/nonintervention and children`s stress only in girls. These results indicated that children`s self-esteem plays a crucial role in improving the levels of children`s stress.


The invention relates to a method for preparing a large-pore mesoporous molecular sieve. Sodium silicate is taken as a silicon source, sodium aluminate is taken as an aluminum source, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is taken as a template agent, and the mesoporous molecular sieve is synthesized through hydrothermal crystallization. During hydrothermal crystallization, the pore size of the mesoporous molecular sieve is controlled and improved by adding a pore forming agent. The prepared mesoporous molecular sieve has pores in a hexagonal orderly arrangement structure, has the pore size in a mesoporous range of more than 10nm, has high hydrothermal stability, and is suitable to serve as an adsorption and catalysis material for macromolecules.


Abstract. During the last decades, a total of sixteen glass vessels of previously unknown type, mainly small cups and a few shallow bowls came to light in Han period tombs in Guangxi, China. Made of a potash glass, these glass vessels were probably manufactured somewhere in the region of southern China or northern Southeast Asia. The shallow glass bowl found in Lao Cao, in the upper Red River valley, northern Vietnam, is clearly related to this group. The date from the first century BCE to the first century CE, suggested for the Lao Cai find context, correlates with the dates of the Guangxi tombs in which glass vessels were found.


The public burden of shifting trends in population health remains uncertain. Sustained increases in obesity, diabetes, and other diseases could reduce life expectancy—with a concomitant decrease in the public sectors annuity burden—but these savings may be offset by worsening functional status which increases health care spending, reduces labor supply, and increases public assistance. Using a health microsimulation model, we quantify the competing public finance consequences of shifting trends in population health for medical care costs, labor supply, earnings, wealth, tax revenues, and government expenditures. We find that the trends in obesity and smoking have different fiscal consequences and that, because of its more profound effects on morbidity and health care expenditures, obesity represents a larger immediate risk from a fiscal perspective. Uncertainty in residual mortality improvements represents by far the largest risk.


A coarse-fine approach to the design of high fidelity haptic interfaces is proposed based on prior work and new psychophysics studies. The approach involves a fine-motion six-degree-of-freedom parallel Lorentz actuator mounted on a series/parallel coarse-motion stage and coupled through a compliant transmission. The frequency response of a simplified model is used to illustrate the advantages of the approach. The workspaces of three coarse-motion platforms are compared. A novel twin-elbow manipulator with all but one of the drive motors in the base is proposed for its simplicity and large workspace size.


Imitation refers to an individual's psychological recognition and behavioral replication after affected by other's psychology and behavior,while indication is a self-evident indicative posture.The two concepts are different,but at the same time interrelated to each other.Imitation can be taken as the response to indication,and the two are in fact interactive counterparts.Any posture of language imitation or language indication will be accompanied by a certain psychological activity with strong personal psychological characteristics.Psychological factors affect the factors of language imitation.Different manifestations exist between language imitation and language indication.


The compound LaSr2AlO5 was recently introduced as a competitive Ce3+ host material for blue-pumped yellow phosphors for use in white light emitting diodes. A crucial feature of the crystal structure of LaSr2AlO5 is that La, which is the host site for Ce3+, is located in the 8h positions of the I4/mcm crystal structure, a site equally shared with Sr. While the average crystal structure of LaSr2AlO5 as revealed by Rietveld analysis of laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data suggests nothing untoward, maximum entropy method analysis of the synchrotron X-ray data reveals the existence of conspicuous non-sphericity of the electron density. Pair distribution function analysis of the data suggests that despite their occupying the same crystallographic site, La and Sr possess distinct coordination environments, and the environment around La is more compact and regular than the environment suggested by the Rietveld refinement of the average structure. The absorption and emission from Ce3+ centers is controlled by the local coordination and symmetry, and the use of powerful new tools in unraveling details of these strengthens the rational search for new phosphors for solid state white lighting.


Data interactive service shall be required during the working process of distributed Heterogeneous robot for industry production line.The heterogeneity of bottom hardware and upper software between heterogeneous robots will be screened by introducing the CORBA technology of software development.integrated technology of heterogeneous robot system has been researched.As a result,data interactive monitor system platform is realized between heterogeneous robots based on the CORBA technology.And the whole production line will become more convenient for coordination work.


Fibrin glue is widely used in clinical practice and plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications.We report a case of a 65-year-old man, whose common bile duct was injured by fibrin glue, with a history of failed laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open operation for uncontrolled laparoscopic bleeding.In view of thepersistent liver dysfunction, xanthochromia and skin itching, the patient was admitted to us for further management.Ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) revealed multiple stones in the common bile duct, and liver function tests confirmed the presence of obstructive jaundice and liver damage.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was unsuccessfully performed to remove choledocholithiasis, but a small amount of tissue was removed and pathologically confirmed as calcified biliary mucosa.This was followed by open surgery for suspicious cholangiocarcinoma.There was no evidence of cholangiocarcinoma, but the common bile duct wall had a defect of 8 mm × 10 mm at Calot's triangle.A hard, grid-like foreign body was removed, which proved to be solid fibrin glue.Subsequently, the residual choledocholithiasis was removed by a choledochoscopic procedure, and the common bile duct deletion was repaired by liver round ligament with T-tube drainage.Six months later, endoscopy was performed through the T-tube fistula and showed a well-repaired bile duct wall.Eight months later, MRCP confirmed no bile duct stenosis.A review of reported cases showed that fibrin glue is widely used in surgery, but it can also cause organ damage.Its mechanism may be related to discharge reactions.


p‐n tunnel junctions made by alloying and MIS tunnel junctions made by contacting the metal were fabricated using degenerate n‐type GaAs substrates. The conductance G and capacitance C of these diodes have large sensitivity to light irradiation and show similar spectra with respect to photon energy. The relative variation of photoconductance with initial dark conductance, ΔG/Gd, is more than ten times that of the photocapacitance, ΔC/Cd. It was found that the quenching light effect is observed in p‐n tunnel junctions but not in MIS tunnel junctions. These phenomena are explained by considering the change of trapped charge in the deep level due to illumination which induces a change of the depletion layer structure and the tunneling probability, resulting in the changes of C and G (phototunnel conductance). The experimental results have been shown to agree well with theoretical calculations.


Most of refrigerants used in vapor Compression system were Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbon(HCFCs) which contains chlorine and if any leakage in the system, these gases will group and reach stratosphere. The chlorine atoms in the gases will act as a catalyst to destroy ozone layer and cause ozone depletion which causes health hazards, global warming, melting of polar ice caps and drought. Hence, it is necessary to minimize the Global warming and Ozone depletion. The refrigerant R22 widely used in the air conditioners is a major Contributor of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which cause irreparable loss to the ozone layer and has to be replaced. There are two types of global warming contributions through refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The first one is the Direct Global Warming Potential (DGWP) due to the emission of refrigerants and their interaction with heat radiation. The second one is the Indirect Global Warming Potential (IDGWP) due to the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by consuming the energy that is generated through the combustion of fossil fuels. Experimental work has been performed on three capillary tubes of different diameter to determine the performance of domestic water cooler when a extemporaneous is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which is locally available and comprises 24.4% propane, 56.4% butane and 17.2% iso butane which is very from company to company. The LPG is cheaper and possesses an environmental friendly nature with no ozone depletion potential (ODP). It is used in world for cooking purposes.


SOCIETIES AND LECTURES A fee is charged or a ticket is required for attending lectures marked *. Applications should be made first to the institution concerned. Tuesday, April 20 SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF ADDICTION.-At 11, Chandos Street, W., 8 p.m.. 70th annual meeting. Mr. Derek Curtis-Bennett, Q.C.: Alcoholism and the Law. Wednesday, April 21 OXFORD UNIvERSM.-At Department of Human Anatomy, 2.15 p.m., demonstrition by Professor P. Stohr (University of Bonn): Morphology and Pathology of the Vegetative Nervous System. ROYAL EYE HosPITAL.-5.30 p.m., Mr. L. H. Savin: Ophthalmic Neurology (3). ROYAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE.-3.30 p.m., Dr. C. Worster-Drought: Speech Disorders in Children of School Age. Thursday, April 22 CHADWICK TRUST.-At 26, Portland Place, W., 5.30 p.m., Dr. C. Banning (Netherlands): Ante-Natal, Natal, and Post-Natal Care in the Netherlands. MIDDLESEX COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.-At Chase Farm Hospital, Enfield, 3.15 p.m., clinical meeting. Members of Enfleld and Potters Bar and North Middlesex Divisions, B.M.A., are invited. ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.-5 p.m., Hunterian Lecture by Professor D. J. Browne: Principle of Controlled Movement in Orthopaedics. ROYAL EYE HoSPITAL.-5.15 p.m., Dr. T. H. Whittington: Myopia, and the Care and Treatment of the Myopic Patient. ST. ANDREWS UNIVERSITY.-At Physiology Department, Dundee, 5 p.m., Mr. J. Bruce: Surgery of the Small Intestine. ST. GEORGE's HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.-5 p.m., neurology demonstration by Dr. D. J. Williams. FrIday, April 23 OSLER CLUB OF LONDON.-At 11, Chandos Street, W., 7.45 p.m., Marie Stopes, Ph.D.: History of Contraception. Saturday, April 24 LONDON ASSOCIATION OF THE MEDICAL WOMEN'S FEDERATION.-At Middlesex Hospital, 2.30 p.m., clinical meeting in Radiotherapy Department.


There are different characteristics of each entry route, so there will be the potential to achieve a different GPA. There are 3 types of entrance routes for public universities held by LTMPT, namely SNMPTN, SBMPTN, and SMMPTM. The achievement of student learning outcomes in tertiary institutions can be seen through the final results indicated by the GPA. Diploma and undergraduate program students have four graduation predicates, three of which are satisfactory (GPA 2.76-3.00), very satisfactory (GPA 3.01-3.50), and with honors (GPA more than 3.50). The population in this study were all PTN graduates from 2018 to 2022. The sample used in this study was at least 50 PTN graduates from 2018 to 2022 and 150 samples. This research will be tested using the Chi-Square test method. Based on the Chi-Square test on the contingency table related to the relationship between college admissions and student graduation predicates, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between college admissions and student graduation predicates. In addition, the relationship between university admissions and student graduation predicates is related to majors and campus clustering in 2020. Meanwhile, the relationship between university admissions and student graduation predicates has no relationship with gender and domicile.


Upper-limb motor impairment is caused by a wide variety of diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), stroke, and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita [1,2]. The resultant arm dysfunction can cause the patient to be incapable of many daily tasks, and therefore increasingly reliant on others for their care. Since many of the underlying diseases are either chronic or incurable, some current therapeutics take the form of orthotic devices that assist upper limb function, thereby improving patient quality of life [1]. One such example is the Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX), consisting of a set of gravity-counterbalancing exoskeleton arms attached to either a full upper-body brace, or in previous models, a wheelchair [1]. This device and its successors have proven to be significant aids in allowing patients to perform everyday tasks such as eating and writing [1]. However, according to both patients and physicians, this device and others, while effective, are often underutilized due to factors including brace size and weight, low device comfort, unappealing brace aesthetics, low range of motion, and lack of brace adjustability. In order to increase patient utilization of exoskeleton arm systems, we thus propose the replacement of the current brace system with a novel vest device, designed specifically for increased patient comfort, device adjustability, aesthetics, and range of motion, while preserving the existing strength and durability of current solutions.


A looped-network unsteady flow model was developed to analyze the flood level mitigation effect of river dredging. The model was applied to the stream reach of the South Han River between the Chungju Regulating Dam and the Lake Paldang in which the Han River restoration project is under way. Firstly, the July 2006 flood event was simulated for the current stream geometry, and the model was calibrated. Then, the flood was simulated for the condition that the restoration project be completed. The simulation results show that the maximum flood water level becomes significantly lower for the most part of the reach once the project are completed compared to that for the current stream conditions. The mitigation effect is remarkable for the upstream reach, and it becomes less significant downstream because of the backwater effect of the Paldang Dam.


The National Bar Association (NBA) held an international affiliates' meeting with the Law Society of South Africa (LSSA) and the Black Lawyers Association (BLA) in Sandton in May. The NBA is the United States' (US) oldest and largest national association of predominantly african-american lawyers, judges, educators and law students. It has 84 affiliate chapters throughout the US, Canada, the United Kingdom, Africa and the Caribbean. It represents a professional network of more than 65 000 people.


The aim of our research is examine features of duirnal type of arterial pressure and parameters of quality of life of patients with asthma combined with hypertension. There were examined 176 patients. They were divided into 3 groups according the main nosology in clinical picture including the group of patients with combined pathology: asthma and hypertension. The features of dairy rate of arterial pressure were exposed in the group with combined nosologies. It was showed that asthma is associated with essential deterioration in patient's life quality. It depends on expression of bronchoobstructive syndrome.


Yellow sapphire is a gemstone variety of corundum (Al2O3). The yellow color is commonly caused by Fe3+ impurity substituting for Al3+ in the Al2O3 structure. The depth of yellow color is linked to Fe3+ concentration. The higher content of Fe3+ produces a deeper yellow color. However, there is low content of the impurity such as Be2+ in cooperating with the low content of Fe3+ to produce the yellow color in yellow sapphires. It is difficult to differentiate between the natural yellow sapphire caused by high Fe3+ content and the beryllium-treated yellow sapphire by naked eyes. Some advanced techniques to identify the Be heat-treated yellow sapphire have been practiced such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). We measured the colors of naturals and beryllium-treated yellow sapphires by UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy. The concentration of impurities in the sapphire samples was measured by the LA-ICP-MS technique. To compare the yellow colors of CIE L * a * b * and CIE L * C * h, we found that the lightness and hue values of the Be-treated yellow sapphires were higher than the natural yellow sapphires with high Fe3+ content.


The new Compounds Yb3Co (I), Yb3Ni (II), and Yb2Ni7 (III) have been prepared from stoichiometric amounts of the elements at 7.7 GPa and high temperatures.


Abstract Forty-eight species of conodonts belonging to fifteen genera occur in the Battleship Wash Formation as exposed at four collecting localities in the Arrow Canyon Quadrangle, Clark County, Nevada.


In this work, structural and electronic properties of a bilayer structure composed of one single layer of graphene on top of a two dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has been investigated using first principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). Three different configurations are possible for this bilayer system namely B1, B2 and B3. In this paper biaxial strain was applied to B2 configuration and structural and electrical properties were observed. A small band gap opens for this bilayer structure though graphene is a zero gap material. Some important material parameter such as band gap, effective mass and Fermi velocity were investigated with the variation of biaxial strain. It was observed that the material remains to be a direct band gap material for the applied strain range from -12% to +12%. Interestingly, with the application of compressive strain effective mass decreases and Fermi velocity increases which is very crucial for high frequency RF devices.


An assay device is described which was designed and tested at Rocky Flats Plant to separate weapons grade plutonium waste into low-level waste and transuranic (TRU) waste at the 100 nCi/g level of contamination. It also performs waste assays up to 30 grams of plutonium in the waste container. The device consists of two shielded 4'' /times/ 4'' /times/ 16'' sodium iodide detectors stacked end-on-end to form a pillar 32'' high. Assays are performed on 208 liter drums (55 gallon) and on high efficiency particulate (HEPA) filters (26'' /times/ 26'' /times/ 16'') rotated on a turntable in front of the detectors. Assays times are of the order of two minutes. Extensive diagnostics are incorporated into the system software to check background count rate, the intensity of built-in check sources on each detector and the response of standard packages which must be assayed at preset intervals. Detail is given to the terminal data management systems used in the applications software to make it easier to program interactive forms for data input to reduce operator data-entry error in operating the system. 6 figs.


Bauhaus era was nearly a century away from now,until today,the concept of Bauhaus industrial drivers of today's art and design is realistic guiding significance,in this stage of our development,how should our art and design change the status quo,to achieve a major breakthrough,which is Bauhaus art and design on the value of art and design in the future,is the value to study the Bauhaus theory.Bauhaus art design and style as the object of study,the formation of the Bauhaus art and design ideas,development,significance,impact,and Bauhaus design philosophy and style with the relationship between art and design in China.To explore how to combine today's society to absorb from the Bauhaus art and design,as used by us.


A method is described for the authentication of a public key certificate by a relying party that must decide upon trust in the certificate. The method includes to perform an assessment of the quality of the certificate and the Certificate Authority that has issued the certificate according to well-defined criteria, to describe the quality requirements of the relying party according to the same criteria, to compare the said quality assessment and the relying party's quality requirements, and if the quality of said certificate is equal to or exceeds said quality requirements to authenticate said certificate.


Parser combinators elegantly and concisely model generalised LL parsers in a purely functional language. They nicely illustrate the concepts of higher-order functions, polymorphic functions and lazy evaluation. Indeed, parser combinators are often presented as a motivating example for functional programming. Generalised LL, however, has an important drawback: it does not handle (direct nor indirect) left recursive contextfree grammars. In a different context, the (non-functional) parsing community has been doing a considerable amount of work on generalised LR parsing. Such parsers handle virtually any context-free grammar. Surprisingly, little work has been done on generalised LR by the functional programming community ( [9] is a good exception). In this report, we present a concise and elegant implementation of an incremental generalised LR parser generator and interpreter in Haskell. For good computational complexity, such parsers rely heavily on lazy evaluation. Incremental evaluation is obtained via function memoisation. An implementation of our generalised LR parser generator is available as the HaGLR tool. We assess the performance of this tool with some benchmark examples.


This study sets out to identify the incidence and development of disabled children's problem behaviours, including conduct, peer, hyperactivity and emotional problems during the early years using the Millennium Cohort Study, a large-scale, nationally representative UK study. We track the behaviour problems from age 3 to 7 to examine the emergence of problems and whether disabled girls' and boys' behaviour converges or diverges from non-disabled children over time. Childhood disability is assessed using three broad measures: developmental delay (DD), long standing limiting illness (LSLI), and special educational needs (SEN) to ascertain the implications of particular constructions of disability. Finally, we examine whether parenting and the home environment moderate any associations between disability and behaviour. Estimating linear growth models, we find that disabled children exhibit more behaviour problems than non-disabled children across disability measures. We find no evidence that trajectories converge for disabled and non-disabled children; rather, children with LSLI and SEN show a greater increase in peer problems, hyperactivity and emotional problems over time. We find little evidence that parenting moderates associations between disability and behaviour. The findings suggest that further in-school support for disabled children may be warranted given persistence in problem behaviour well after school entry. JEL codes: I3, I24, J13, J14


1. Nitrogen mustard, Nitromin, 6-mercaptopurine, and urethane suppress cell division in Chaetopterus eggs.2. This inhibition of mitosis is due to the fact that these agents keep the protoplasm fluid and prevent the mitotic gelation.3. In relatively high concentration, both Nitromin and urethane cause a gelation of the protoplasm and in these concentrations, urethane can initiate cell division in a high percentage of the eggs.4. An interpretation is given of this paradoxical action of reagents in causing either liquefaction or gelation, either suppression or initiation of cell division.5. The results are believed to provide an explanation of the Haddow paradox.