We explore the substantial shifts in the American labor force and workplace over almost 70 years, showing that the identity, education, race and occupations of the average American worker have all been changing. We document big changes in the types of jobs being done by American workers and on the assignment of jobs across workers with different educational levels and other characteristics. Regardless of how much more challenging labor markets become for everyone, the aggregate productivity is higher when the country takes advantage of the talent of all the demographic groups and not just a subset of them.


The invention relates to a superspeed pipeline bullet train with the minimum unit and the minimum pipe diameter. The bullet train is characterized in that the minimum unit power compartment is arranged in a travelling pipeline which has the minimum pipe diameter and can supply power during the whole journey. The bullet train has the advantages of all-day travelling, superspeed, zero train delay, zero time delay, single departure, no passenger sharing, no train sharing, fast speed for rushing passengers, stop for only unloading the passengers and cargoes only, fast arrival and fast departure and no vacant seat and no load; the bullet train not only can travel in a minimum unit single train mode, but also can travel in a repeat unit bullet train mode; and the bullet train not only can carry the single passengers and single sleeping passengers, but also can carry goods in small and medium packages. The bullet train is not only suitable for long-distance artery urban passenger and freight transit, but also is suitable for short-distance branch urban passenger and freight transit. The bullet train can make up the defects of speed, function and application of subways, high-speed rails, bullet trains and airplanes, and particularly can realize superspeed cross city transit, superspeed logistics, superspeed communication cable, hyperspace city life circle and hyperspace city logistics circle and even global village, and thus, the conventional space-time concept is subverted.


Purpose

The construction industry contributes significantly to national economic growth and offers substantial opportunities for job creation; however, the industry has continually been plagued by workplace accidents. Moreover, employers may not realize the economic magnitude of workplace injury and ill health arising from construction activities. These accidents represent a considerable economic and social burden to employers, employees and to the society as a whole. Despite governments and organisations worldwide maintaining an ongoing commitment towards establishing a working environment free of injury and disease, a great deal of construction accidents continues to frequent our society. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of a sample of 100 construction accident reports to establish, as far as practically reasonable, the total costs of limited types of construction accidents. Costs attributable to each of these accidents were classified either as direct or indirect costs. Through an exhaustive and time-consuming investigation of all available records from various sources and/or kept in various departments, the individual costs were correlated to the various direct and indirect categories.

Design/methodology/approach

This particular study is a combination of explanatory and collective case study approaches, whereby causal effects are determined or a course of events is examined from multiple cases. The preferred form of data collection is left to the researcher to decide (Yin, 2003). When a researcher is considering "how" or "why" questions, a contemporary set of events using primary and secondary documents, over which the researcher has little or no control, the case study approach is feasible (Yin, 2009).

Findings

The costs of construction accidents for the same sample of 100 construction analysed in this study has been estimated at a staggering R32,981,200. Of this total, R10,087,350 has been attributed to direct costs and R22,893,850 has been attributed to indirect costs. The costs of construction accidents are based on four cost components: sick pay, administrative costs, recruitment costs and compensation and insurance costs. It should be noted that the estimates of the costs to employers presented in this study are reflective of the activities and incidents of the reviewed organisation and may not necessarily represent another organisation. The costs of construction accidents values presented in this study reveal that construction accidents present a substantial cost to employers and to the society at large, inclusive of both the direct and indirect costs. It is therefore in the best interest of the employer to identify progressive and advanced approaches to more effectively manage construction health and safety, consequently society at large will benefit tremendously.

Originality/value

Given the high rate of construction accidents experienced, employers are not entirely mindful of the actual costs of construction accidents, especially when considering the hidden or indirect costs of accidents. Various safety research efforts have attempted to quantify the true costs of worker injuries; however, localised systematic information on cost of construction accidents at work is not readily available from administrative statistical data sources; therefore, this study was carried out to estimate the costs, like lost workdays or lost income, are clearly visible and can readily be expressed in monetary value; for a large part,0 however, economic consequences of accidents are somewhat hidden.


The paper comprehensive introduce roasting and leaching technology of silica and charcoal based vanadium ore . The test results show: the leaching rate is up to 93.06%, the final recovey rate up to 74%, the product grade up to 98%. It is can be used in practice .


Objective: The focus of this research was out whether a transfersomal gel formulation for transdermal delivery of Metronidazole. Methods: Azole Antifungals include metronidazole, which is used to treat fungal and yeast infections. Transferosomes are supra-molecular aggregates that are ultra-flexible and have a high ability to penetrate mammalian skin intact. Drug encapsulation in various transfersomal formulations containing various ratios of different drug concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 g) and Carbopol-934 (0.5, 1, 2 g) is being researched for use as a transferosomal gel.Results: Entrapment efficiency (EE %), drug content, in-vitro skin permeation tests, and stability investigations were performed on the produced formulations. The vesicles were spherical in shape, as confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Metronidazole was successfully pinned with a standardised drug content in all formulations, according to the resultsThe 0.1 g Metronidazole optimised transferosome formulation MG2 showed promising results, with maximum drug release (94.32%) and maximum drug release (94.32%). Conclusion: According to this report, transferosomes are a promising long-term delivery mechanism for metronidazole and have reasonably good stability.This study suggests that transferosomes containing Metronidazole may be used as a transdermal drug delivery tool for fungal skin infections.


By analyzing the difficulties on the course of transforming urban and rural electric network,puts forward loss-reduction and capacity-increase transformation for 66 kV high loss non-excitation regulating transformer is the only way to accomplish successfully the transformation of electric network.Combining many practical transformation projects,comparing the performance index of pre-transformation and post-transformation,demonstrates these are effective transformation methods,keeping original iron core,increasing the number of windings,so as to reduce the loss of non-load;enlarging the section area of conductor,and taking copper conductor instead of aluminum conductor,so as to reduce the resistance.


In this article, we investigate the exact and solitary wave solutions for the shallow water wave equations and the generalized Klein-Gordon equation using the exp − ( ) -expansion method. A wave transformation is applied to convert the problem into the form of an ordinary differential equation. By using this method, we found the explicit solitary wave solutions in terms of the hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions, exponential functions and rational functions. The extracted solution plays a significant role in many physical phenomena such as electromagnetic waves, nonlinear lattice waves, ion sound waves in plasma, nuclear physics, shallow water waves and so on. It is noted that the method is reliable, straightforward and an effective mathematical tool for analytic treatment of nonlinear systems of partial differential equation in mathematical physics and engineering.


This unique book systematically examines the interplay among foreign policymakers, the press, and public opinion in the process of China policy decision making from 1950 to 1984. Readers will benefit from the findings that, through 35 years of Sino-American relations, the press helps perpetuate the illusion that has existed in the public mind since 1950. The comprehensive analysis allows readers to understand hoe the press shapes and is shaped by foreign policy decisions.


On the very day in 1987 that the Hawke Labor government announced that Australia's two-airline policy would be terminated, the Labor Party's parliamentary Caucus voted in favour of prohibiting smoking on domestic flights. This coincidence neatly encapsulates modern trends in regulation. In recent years, the costs imposed on consumers by government restrictions on prices and on entry into markets have become more widely recognised. Despite the considerable political obstacles erected by the special interests that suffer loss of privilege as a result, some of these regulatory restrictions have been abolished, though many remain intact. By contrast, what are often called 'social' regulations---those governing relationships in both market and non-market activities---have continued to increase over the same period. Social regulation includes measures designed to protect the environment, to achieve equal opportunity for allegedly disadvantaged groups, and to promote health and safety.


AIM
To determine correlations for nurse self-reported occupational stress, prevalence of cognitive failure and adverse events.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional nationwide survey.

METHODS
Tertiary-level public hospitals (N=115) from 13 provinces in Iran were recruited and 2895 nurses surveyed (August 2016 - December 2017). Participants' self-reported demographic information, occupational stress, cognitive failure and frequency of adverse events were analysed using chi-square, t tests and binary logistic regression.

RESULTS
This study showed that 29.1% of nurses had experienced adverse events in the past six months. Significant predictors for reported adverse events from logistic regression were 'Role stressors' 'Interpersonal relations stressors' and 'Action', while 'Working environment stressors' was protective for reported adverse events. Demographic predictors of adverse events were longer work hours and male gender, while those working in critical care units, general wards and other wards had higher reported adverse events than for emergency wards.

CONCLUSIONS
Occupational stress and cognitive failure are associated with the reporting of adverse events. Further research is needed to assess interventions to address occupational stress and cognitive failure to reduce adverse events.

IMPACT
Adverse events compromise patient safety, lead to increased health care costs and impact nursing staff. Higher self-reported adverse events were associated with higher reported stressors and cognitive failure. Understanding the factors that influence occupational stress, cognitive failure and adverse events will support quality patient care and safety.


The analysis of 3D genomic data is expected to revolutionize our understanding of genome organization and regulatory mechanisms. Yet, the complex spatial organization of this information can be difficult to interpret with 2D viewers. Virtual Reality (VR) technologies offer an opportunity to rethink our methods to visualize and navigate 3D objects. In this paper, we introduce the Virtual Reality 3D Genome Viewer (3DGV), an open platform to experiment and develop VR solutions to explore 3D genome structures. Availability http://3dgv.cs.mcgill.ca/


An IPTV set-top box provides a variety of interesting services such as VOD (Video On Demand), PVR (Personal Video Recorder), game, TV shopping as well as live TV broadcast. In order to support various interactive services of IPTV, more elaborate software should be equipped within the set-top box. In this paper, we present the implementation of a storage manager used in the IPTV set-top box. Like general purpose computer systems, softwares within the set-top box form a layered architecture which consists of a set of applications, an operating system, and device drivers. Each software component has its own functions, and communicates with other components through welldefined interfaces. However, the fixed interfaces often become a barrier in delivering some important information to other layers. For example, because of the POSIX interface defined a long time ago, media players with soft real-time requirements cannot deliver the QoS information to the operating system efficiently. To address this problem, we propose a new approach that provides the QoS services by using only the file attributes without modifying the existing interfaces. We implemented our prototype system Daphne on the Linux operating system. Through the experiments by measurements, we show that the proposed approach is effective in guaranteeing the QoS.


The article grounds the application of monitoring of physical and mental condition based on modern information technologies. Monitoring has been realized on the basis of the platform moodle. The integrated indicator of adaptation representing by itself a set of indicators of somatic health on Apanasenko and personal adaptable potential of Maklakov has been offered for the analysis of adaptation of students for education in higher school and further professional work.


Depth profiles of fluorine in 19F+ implanted Ni0.8Fe0.2 alloy have been accurately measured by using 19F(p, ??)16O resonance nuclear reaction at ER?=?872.1 keV. A proper convolution calculation method was used to extract the true distribution of fluorine from the experimental excitation yield curves. The range parameters, Rp and ?Rp, were thereby obtained and compared with those simulated with TRIM'90 code. It shows that the experimental Rp values agree with the Monte Carlo simulation values very well, while the experimental ?Rp values are systematically larger than the calculation values.


A low-cost acquisition systcm for patch clamp experimcnts is prcscntcd hcrc. Thc hard- ware, built on a plug-in card for the IBM PC / XT / AT, has 12-bit rcsolution and up to 30 kHz sampling rate. It also gcncratcs complcx control pulse-sequences. Thc softwarc has thrce functions: display, condition and continuation. Thc systcm has been used to study Licnsininc on guinea pig ventricular myocytes and demonstratc that this drug is a kind of versatile voltageactivc channcls agonists.


The research paper is mainly about the local industries in Hsien-His township. Through the paintings, it reveals how the villagers cope with the challenges in lives. And how they transform themselves from the hardship of changing industrial environments. By pointing out the characteristics of local industries and comparing to the history, the painter illustrates the changes and also hints the reviewers to read between the lines. The paintings are all inspired by the painter's life experience and observations – from her childhood, growing up and schooling years, and on. Especially by painting the memories of her childhood and the old gone village, she wants to share what's important to and cherished by her. There are a total of 26 paintings in this paper and are divided into 3 sections.;(1) Memories of Fishing Village: The daily lives of fishers and the change of fishing industry.;(2) Memories of countryside: the scenes of countryside and vanishing industries; (3) Inspiration: Randomly picked still subjects that inspire the painter Going through the experience of creation and research makes the researcher recognize Hsien-Hsi's local customs and practices and the features of its culture. As a result, the researcher realizes how lovely her hometown is. Hence, she loves the land even more. We are looking forward to evoking the sense of adoring the homeland through the


Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial colonisation of stethoscopes in various departments in a district hospital and audited the effect of staff education at reducing this contamination. Methodology: Bacteriological culture swabs were taken from the stethoscopes of consultants, trainees, medical students, physiotherapists and nursing staff in various departments. A campaign was launched and all the staff was asked to regularly clean the stethoscopes with alcohol wipes after each use. After an interval of one week, culture swabs were repeated and antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out. The staff habit of cleaning their stethoscopes was compared before and after the campaign. Results: Ninety two stethoscopes were swabbed, 47 in the first week and 45 in the second week. In the first week almost all (n=44) stethoscopes were positive for staphylococcus aureus. In the second week, 38 stethoscopes had positive cultures, all of which grew Staphylococcus epidermidis. None of the cultures were positive for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in either week. The number of colony forming units dropped significantly from a median of 20 (range 0-50) in the first week to a median of 8 (range 0-30) in the second week. Staff awareness led to increased frequency of stethoscopes cleaning. Conclusion: Stethoscopes carry potential pathogens, but staff education and change in stethoscope cleaning habits reduce the risk imposed by the use of this standard piece of medical equipment.


Attenuated vaccine of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been inoculated by nasal in the experiments. 12 of 4-month-old sow of Landrace large Yorkshire two-way crossbred were used in the experiments. The results show that the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte cell in uterus of sows inoculated through nasal more increased than that of control group. And the difference was significant(P0. 01). When PRRSV vaccine was inoculated by nasal , The lymphocyte cell in mucosal were gathered in colony, which passed through the epithelial and arrived the epithelial surface in uterus. Our result showed that the significant effect of different nasal and intramuscular of attenuated-PRRSV vaccine on intraepithelial lymphocyte cell distribution and mucosal of uterus.


Approximately 12% of births in the United States are preterm, and this number is rising globally. Preterm birth is associated with increased long‐term risk for insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Infants born preterm often receive oxygen therapy, which, while life saving, can cause many changes in metabolism at the cellular level, especially in the liver. Hyperoxic exposure can inhibit processes such as glucose‐induced insulin secretion, which is linked to the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. We hypothesized that a two‐week postnatal hyperoxic exposure would result in a shift in metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to a glycolytic pathway in the liver that persists into adulthood.


Data Control and Control Systems (SCADA) provide automated control and remote monitoring of real world processes and are widely used in electric power systems. These systems are directly managing and monitoring very complex processes of critical infrastructure. Most often they interconnect and form an industrial or SCADA network. This network, as such, is limited to exposure to the outside world. In such circumstances, SCADA systems were not viewed from the aspect of the Cyber Security as a possible serious threat. However, with the rapid development of Information and communication technology (ICT), there was a need to connect business ICT systems with industrial control systems, as well as interconnecting industrial control systems on the principles of ICT and the creation of large control systems, the general commercial name "Distributed Control System" (DCS). This change has led SCADA systems to become vulnerable to cyber attacks. Consequently, it has become necessary to provide cyber security for SCADA systems in power systems.


Organic material contributes {approx}20-50% to the total fine aerosol mass at continental mid-latitudes (Saxena and Hildemann, 1996; Murphy et al., 1998; Peterson and Tyler, 2002; Putaud et al., 2004) and as much as 90% in tropical forested areas (Andreae and Crutzen, 1997; Artaxo et al., 2002). Significant amounts of carbonaceous aerosols are also observed in the free troposphere (Heald et al., 2005). A substantial fraction of the organic component of atmospheric particles consists of water-soluble, possibly multifunctional compounds (Saxena and Hildemann, 1996; Kavouras et al., 1998). It is critical that we understand how organic aerosols and their precursors are transformed in the atmosphere and the dependence of the transformation on the chemical and thermodynamic conditions of the ambient environment: (1) to accurately forecast how changing emissions will impact atmospheric organic aerosol concentrations and properties on the regional to global scale, and (2) to relate atmospheric measurements to sources. A large (but as yet unquantified) fraction of organic aerosol is formed in the atmosphere by precursor gases. In addition, both primary and secondary organic aerosol interact with other gas and aerosol species in the atmosphere so that their properties (i.e., size, hygroscopicity, light absorption and scattering sphere efficiency) can change significantlymore » with time and distance from their source. Organic aerosols (OA) are composed of complex mixtures of different organic species from less-polar organics (n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, etc.) to highly polar organics such as dicarboxylic acids and multi-functional organic acids. Studies employing FTIR spectroscopy and NEXAFS have demonstrated the presence of different functional groups such as ketonic and carboxylic groups. Humic-like substances (HULIS) have been identified in aerosols. Field observation and laboratory smog chamber studies have demonstrated that oxidative reactions of biogenic and anthropogenic precursors in the gas phase produce low molecular weight organic acids such as oxalic and other dicarboxylic acids, dicarbonyls and multi-functional organics. Oxidation reactions in the particle phase may also produce oxygenated species, including aldehydes, organic acids, and large molecules such as HULIS. Despite this progress, a significant fraction of atmospheric OA still remains poorly characterized.« less


Gain enhancement for a uni-directional pattern is inconsistent with the demand to use a chip-sized antenna in order to obtain an integrated RF unit design of the cellular handset. To overcome this difficulty, a gain enhancement technique is proposed. For the RF integrated circuit, we may use a chip-sized antenna and a parasitic patch element inside or outside handset case, to obtain a uni-directional pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the gain enhancement (or radiation pattern control) of a small antenna using a proximity coupled parasitic patch.


The Accession Treaty will contain a general economic safeguard clause (cf. Art. 37 of the 2003 Accession Treaty). This general economic safeguard clause applies to situations where 'difficulties arise which are serious and liable to persist in any sector of the economy or which could bring about serious deterioration in the economic situation of a given area'. The safeguard clause would allow the Commission to determine the necessary protective measures. Both, new and current Member States are able to make use of this safeguard clause. The clause can be invoked for a period of up to three years after accession. However, this general safeguard clause was considered insufficient. Hence, the Commission considered that the Accession Treaty should also contain a specific internal market safeguard clause (cf. Art. 38 of the 2003 Accession Treaty).


Most scientific publications on the subject of value chain management only analyze which structures, processes and actions can contribute to the creation of cooperation gains. How the distribution of cooperation gains that were collectively achieved can influence the stability of such a cooperation is often disregarded. The distributive justice or the fair distribution of collectively created cooperation gains is one of the most important ways to secure the stability of networks. This paper therefore presents a proposal for an operationalization of the fairness term from an economic perspective. This proposal is specific to the distribution of cooperation gains in networks of autonomously acting companies and takes a cooperative game theory approach as its basis. With the aid of the τ-value, it is shown how intuitive and vague associations of fairness can be substantiated to give a concrete distribution proposal that can be perceived and communicated as fair by gradually establishing rational or at least plausible assumptions.


This study attempted to analyze the relationship among leadership type, trust in leader and learning attitude. For the objective of this study, a survey was conducted to participants who learned at health and social service organizations or private institute. To analyze data, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis , correlation analysis, structural equation model and Sobel test were used. The results of this study were as follows. First, the analysis had positive effects of transactional leadership on learning attitude. Seconds, the analysis had positive effects of transformational leadership and contingent rewards of transactional leadership on trust in leader. Thirds, the analysis had positive effects of trust in leader on learning attitude. Fourth, trust in leader had mediation effects between transformational leadership and learning attitude. And trust in leader had mediation effects between contingent rewards and learning attitude.


Most carbonate-rich magmatic rocks are mantle-derived, namely carbonatite(s), with a minority of them being contaminated by crustal rocks. It is debated whether there are also carbonate-rich magmatic rocks derived solely from crustal sources. In this contribution, we report crustally derived carbonate-rich magmatic rocks, named here crustal carbonatite(s), in the Daqingshan area, Western Block of the North China Craton. The Daqingshan crustal carbonatites were previously considered to be metasedimentary marbles. However, they cut adjacent rocks and contain some enclaves that are irregular in shape and show unoriented distribution of lithologies that cannot be found in the local wall rocks. Zircons from the crustal carbonatites show clear oscillatory zoning, and contain calcite, quartz, feldspar, diopside and CO2 inclusions. The zircons have correlated U and Th abundances and give a U/Pb age of 1951 ± 5 Ma, being the same age as metamorphic zircon cores and rims from a diopsidite enclave (1954 ± 27 Ma of core and 1944 ± 40 Ma of rim). The zircon from the crustal carbonatite has tDM(Hf) and εHf(t) of 2353 to 2457 Ma and –3.2 to 0.7, whereas the tDM(Hf) and εHf(t) of the core and rim zircons from diopsidite range from 2228 to 2160 Ma and 3.0 to 4.8 and 2219 to 2057 Ma and 3.2 to 7.4, respectively. The δ18O (‰)Zircon-V-PDB of zircon from the crustal carbonatite ranges from –21.5 to –19.6, with O isotope equilibrium temperature being 555°C to 635 °C. The crustal carbonatite shows a large variation in chemical composition, with SiO2=10.2–37.3% and Total REE=48–267 ppm. The tDM(Nd) age and εNd(t) are ∼2.5 Ga and –2.9 to –2.4. The δ18O(‰)Rock-V-PDB and δ13C(‰) Rock-V -PDB vary from –19.5 to –15.2 and from –5.2 to –2.4, being distributed between primary carbonatite field and the field of dolomitic marble from the study area in δ18O(‰) vs. δ13C(‰) diagram. Combined with previous studies, we drew the conclusion that some of the carbonate-rich rocks in the study area are magmatic in origin, by anatexis of impure marble plus common contamination by calc-silicates and other materials. This is consistent with the high-P-T experiments of CaO-CO2-H2O system (Wyllie and Tuttle, 1960) and MgO-CaO-CO2-H2O system (Fanelli and others, 1986), which indicate that partial melting of limestone will happen when temperature is > 700°C and when water is also present.


The establishment and use of a language laboratory at the Goethe Institute in Paris are described. The experience gained with this Installation suggests that laboratory instruction requires a transformation of normal class methods. After some examples of drill exercises specifically designed for the laboratory, the place of the written text is examined, äs are also the difficulties encountered by students who have had prior training of a traditional sort. Several conditions must be met in order for laboratory instruction to be effective: high-quality recordings of drills prepared by an experienced teacher, a close coordination of class and laboratory instruction, thorough preparation of learning sessions, and constant laboratory monitoring by the teacher.


Generally, any product has various features (also known as aspects). For example, a mobile phone can have more than three hundred aspects, such as battery, design, multi-touch, and 3G network. It can be argued that some aspects are more important when compared to others, and have greater impact on the eventual consumers' decision making as well as firms' product development strategies. Identifying these important product aspects from the consumer reviews or feedbacks will increase the usability of reviews and is beneficial to both consumers and firms. It becomes easier for consumers to make wise purchasing decision by paying attention to the important aspects and can firm also concentrate on improving the quality of these aspects and this will enhance the product reputation effectively. However, it is tedious and time consuming for people to manually identify the important aspects of products from numerous reviews. Thus, this project proposes agent based product aspect ranking framework to identify the important aspects of products and rate them according to the consumers' opinion about them. A false detection technique is also employed to indicate those features for which an overall positive or negative opinion cannot be determined. The potential of aspect ranking can be shown in many real-world applications like e-commerce, retail, entertainment etc.


SIR,-In the annotation on this subject in your issue of May 10 (p. 1115) the impression is given that there is general acceptance of a simple oestrogen-dependence of breast cancer. The view of a single dependence of breast cancer has been untenable for some time. The effects of oophorectomy, as with the natural menopause, do indeed reduce the total oestrogen as measured by excretion products, but the complex changes of the menopause, either artificial or natural, appear to be the important feature in the regression of the tumour. This complex involves a gross alteration in both adrenal and pituitary function. Such an alteration is of great importance, as is borne out by the clinical efficacy of both adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy. Moreover, the success of adrenalectomy is not dependent on the level of oestrogens before operation, and regression can also occur even when oestrogen remains after adrenalectomy. This must imply that the removal of some other adrenal product is of at least equal value to the removal of some oestrogen. Finally, regression of cancer will occur after hypophysectomy, even though no oestrogen is detectable by presentday means before operation. All these findings suggest strongly that simple dependence on a single hormone is improbable and that the tunmour, if hormone-dependent, is probably dependent on a mixture of hormones, oestrogenic, progestational, and pituitary in nature. Interference in any or all of these factors may be necessary to influence the hormone-dependent tumour. It should be also remembered that oophorectomy only reduces and practically never abolishes oestrogen secretion, and that a considerable number of patients after adrenalectomy still excrete 8estrogen in measurable quantity-a factor which emphasizes the importance of the other hormonal influences. This clinical evidence falls in line with the present experimental evidence that breast growth in an animal after hypophysectomy cannot be produced by any single hormone administration and requires at least three factors-an oestrogen, a progestogen, and a pituitary hormone.-I am, etc., London, E.C.I. E. F. SCOWEN.


Abstract Stone columns are used as an efficient ground improvement technique, which could increase the bearing capacity of native soft soil, reduce settlement, increase rate of consolidation and mitigate liquefaction potential. In this study, the finite element limit analysis (FELA) with the adaptive mesh, including both upper bound and lower bound approaches, was applied for prediction of ultimate bearing capacity of single stone column. It was observed that a critical slenderness ratio exists in which the failure mechanism changes from punching to bulging. An equation was derived for prediction of the critical slenderness ratio as a function of cohesion of the native clayey soil and friction angle of the stone column. A two-criteria equation is also presented to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of single stone column under both punching and bulging mechanisms. Moreover, the effect of footing roughness on the ultimate bearing capacity of the stone column was investigated. It was observed that the influence of footing roughness is more significant for bulging-type failure. The results of this study are also compared with some of the previously published analyses in the literature.


Korean society has become notably more international since 2000 due to international marriage, and influx of foreign workers. As a result, the demand for Korean language learning has necessitated that Korean teaching practices developed in a relatively short period of time. Since the students of the Korean language have diverse backgrounds, it is critical to consider their cultural backgrounds when teaching the language. Many scholars have emphasized the importance of cultural/social aspects in language education ultimately for the purpose of education for international understanding (EIU). If so, in present, how does a Korean language textbook deal with the social and cultural aspects in terms of international understanding? To answer this question this study examines Korean language textbooks, using critical discourse analysis (CDA) as a method. Through CDA, this paper explores the representation of the gender role and race inequality/stereotypes in various occupations, the home or sports and also examined ideologies and power relations involved in discourse in the book. This paper concludes with suggestions on how the future Korean language textbooks can be presented within education for international understanding (EIU).


Thermostabilization of α-rhamnosidase in Penicillium decumbens naringinase at pH 3.5 was observed in the following cases: a) increasing the concentration of the enzyme solutions; b) adding a protein such as bovine serum albumin to the solution; c) cross-linking the protein in solution with glutaraldehyde; d) immobilizing the enzyme on protein rich supports with glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional reagent. Papain treated fibroin of Bombix mori silk was the support that gave greatest stabilization, followed by keratins from bovine horn and papain treated sheep wool, and collagen (Calf hide powder). Bovine horn and hide powder showed more substrate and product adsorption than the other supports. The performance of the silk and wool immobilized enzyme was tested by successive hydrolysis of naringin suspensions.


Local health departments typically rely on exercises to test preparedness capacity; however, pre-scripted drills often lack the sense of urgency that a real event would engender. No-notice, unscripted exercises that challenge staff to think critically under pressure may provide a mechanism for a more realistic assessment of preparedness capacity. The very active influenza season of 2012-13 presented the Public Health Preparedness Program at the Philadelphia Department of Public Health with the opportunity to conduct an influenza vaccination clinic at a local boarding school. Program leaders used this opportunity to design a no-notice exercise to test the ability of staff to effectively coordinate an emergency field response while simultaneously delivering a real public health intervention. On the day of the exercise, staff members were given 6 hours to plan and execute a vaccination clinic without any guidance from program leaders. Best practices observed during the exercise included: (1) early identifica...


To maximize the utilization, reliability and availability of power resources, some distribution strategy has to be implemented, which is possible nowadays with the support of modern information technologies (IT). To further develop power utilization, the customer should be aware of efficient power utilization, and the problem of customer management has to be resolved, where payment of electric bills could be through online solutions. A customer-aware power regulatory model is proposed that provides awareness to the consumer regarding the usage of electrical energy, in a secure and reliable solution that combines the features of electrical engineering with cloud computing to ensure better performance in notifying issues, which is done based on location and enhances the operation of smart grids. Instant electric meters are equipped with remote gadgets which communicate with a central cloud administration to produce electric bills for the client. The model provides mindfulness by showing history/notifications and suggestions for energy utilization through the smart meters. The user is provided with security keys to view the reading values and pay bills. To make the solution more accessible, the electronic data will be maintained on various servers at different locations of the cloud. Subsequently, there will be a service provider who manages service requests. A hardwired electric meter transmits the electric readings, which in turn access the particular service to make an entry for the particular connection on the cloud. The usage data will also be maintained at different locations in the cloud, which are accessible to different levels of users with appropriate security measures. The user accessibility is controlled by a Third Party Auditor (TPA) that computes the trustworthiness of users using a trust management scheme. This article also proposes a hash function, which computes and verifies the signature of the keys submitted by the users and also has a higher completeness ratio, which reaches 0.93, than typical methods. This is noteworthy, and the investigation results prove the system's proficiency in providing assured service.


In this paper, taking the crawler chassis of Self-Propelled sea-bed service vehicle for example, the modeling method of virtual prototype is discussed on the basis of specialized software such as Pro/E, ADAMS, Mech/Pro, ADAMS/View, etc., and a composite virtual prototype modeling method with high efficiency and seep is put forward and practiced. The operation rate of ADAMS modeling and simulation of virtual prototype of complex mechanism system is increased by this composite modeling method.


Abstract Air bubbles trapped near the surface of an ice sheet are transformed into air hydrates below a certain depth Their volume and number varies partly with environment and climate. Air bubbles and hydrates at 120-2200 m depth in the Dome Fuji (Dome F) ice core were examined with a microscope. This depth range covers the Holocene/Last Glacial/Last Interglacial/Previous Glacial periods. No air bubbles were seen below about 1100 m depth, and air hydrates began to appear from about 600 m. The observed number of air bubbles and hydrates was similar to that found in the Vostok ice core. For the ice covering the Last Glacial Maximum period, however the hydrate concentration in the Dome F core is about half that of the Vostok core. Reference to snow metamorphism and packing does not explain this finding.


Krapina prehistoric man, in science known as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, has been explored since the year 1899, when geological and palaeontological research started at Husnjakovo hill in Krapina. The excavations lasted for six years (1899– 1905), under the direction of Professor Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, a famous Croatian geologist, palaeontologist and palaeoanthropologist.


This paper concerns the application of a linear microphone array in the quantitative evaluation of blade trailing-edge (TE) noise reduction. The noise radiation from the blades with straight and serrated TEs is measured in an indoor open-jet wind tunnel. The array data are processed using the inverse method based on the Clean algorithm based on spatial source coherence (Clean-SC). In order to obtain correct application and achieve the best effect for the microphone array test, the computing software for array data reduction is firstly developed and assessed by Sarradj's benchmark case. The assessment results show that the present array data processing method has a good accuracy with an error less than 0.5 dB in a wide frequency range. Then, a linear array with 32 microphones is designed to identify the noise source of a NACA65(12)-10 blade. The performance of the Clean-SC algorithm is compared with the Clean algorithm based on point spread functions (Clean-PSF) method for experimentally identifying the noise sources of the blade. The results show that there is about a 2 dB error when using the Clean-PSF algorithm due to the interference of different aerodynamic noise sources. Experimental studies are conducted to study the blade TE noise reduction using serrated TEs. The TE noise for the blade with and without sawtooth configurations is measured with the flow speeds from 20 m/s to 70 m/s, and the corresponding Reynolds numbers based on the chord are from 200,000 to 700,000. Parametric studies of the sawtooth amplitude and wavelength are conducted to understand the noise reduction law. It is observed that the TE noise reduction is sensitive to both the amplitude and wavelength. The flow speed also affects the noise reduction in the serrated TEs. To obtain the best noise suppression effect, the sawtooth configuration should be carefully designed according to the actual working conditions and airflow parameters.


Theory of adaptive optics: correcting the distortion of optical images by a fluctuating atmosphere, F Dyson some chaotic features of the celestial x-ray sources, M Oda evolution of the genetic code, S Osawa white noise analysis - mathematics for fluctuating systems, L Streit quantum fluctuations, L Accardi information theoretical computational strategies in the nervous system, J Atick the structure of Hida distributions, I Kubo.


1 Kitten coronary arteries and atria incubated with [3H]‐(‐)‐noradrenaline or [3H]‐(±)‐isoprenaline showed concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent accumulation of amines (unchanged and/or as metabolites). In addition, coronary arteries incubated with [3H]‐(+)‐isoprenaline showed temperature‐insensitive amine accumulation due to binding to connective tissue fibres. 2 With low concentrations of [3H]‐(‐)‐noradrenaline (20 ng/ml) accumulation of radioactivity in both tissues was neuronal since it was reduced by desipramine, metaraminol or cocaine but not by the extraneuronal inhibitor, cortisol. 3 In coronary arteries incubated with [3H]‐(±)‐isoprenaline (5 jig/ml) for 1 or 10 min, uptake was extraneuronal since it was inhibited by cortisol, 17, B‐oestradiol or phenoxybenzamine. 4 Atria incubated with (±)‐isoprenaline (5 to 1000 jig/ml) showed non‐neuronal, biphasic accumulation of amine. There was a high capacity, low affinity initial uptake process (apparent Km 136 gM) which was resistant to steroidal extraneuronal uptake inhibitors but which could be abolished by phenoxybenzamine. A slower uptake occurred after 2 min which was sensitive to steroidal and other extraneuronal uptake inhibitors. 5 Inhibition of uptake processes did not alter sensitivity of coronary arteries to dilator effects of catecholamines. However, experiments with extraneuronal uptake inhibitors were limited by the relaxant effects of cortisol and 17f3‐oestradiol themselves. 6 In atria inhibition of neuronal uptake by desipramine or cocaine led to super‐sensitivityto (‐)‐noradrenaline but not to (‐)‐adrenaline or (±)‐isoprenaline. Chronotropic responses to (‐)‐noradrenaline were increased five fold and inotropic responses three fold. 7 Inhibition of extraneuronal uptake led to selective super‐sensitivityto (±)‐isoprenaline. Cortisol increased chronotropic responses ten fold and inotropic responses three fold, while 17f‐oestradiol produced less than two fold increases in sensitivity to isoprenaline.


It was always difficult to find someone to identify plants collected on fieldwork, particularly if one was as inexpert at preparing specimens as I was and still am. But when I sent in some plants to the Melbourne herbarium for identification in late 1979 I very promptly got back a carefully prepared identification list of my plants and a letter dated Nov. 15th, 1979 which offered to return the specimens by mail and asked me 'would you prefer some other arrangement which would assure their arrival in an undamaged state?' Never had my plant material been treated with such respect! The letter ended with the words 'please call me if there was anything else I can do' and it was signed 'Beth Gott'. This letter is typical of Beth Gott who was then and is now always willing to share her unique knowledge of the Aboriginal plant world and always ready to help others. This paper, dedicated to Beth, does not contain restricted information. The people who spoke about the trees in the Lake Eyre Basin and sang the traditional songs for them, Mick McLean, Maudie Naylon, Bingee Lowe and Sidney Stuart, were all most anxious that everyone should know about these trees, so that they would not be harmed because of ignorance.


Based on the authors' experience with launching and sustaining a journal over six years and data collected from five years of exit interviews, reflective writing, and surveys, they discuss 10 key steps for creating and sustaining an undergraduate journal and overcoming the obstacles linked to such an endeavor.


This announcement is not for distribution, directly or indirectly, in or into the United States (including its territories and possessions, any state of the United States and the District of Columbia). This announcement does not constitute or form a part of an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities in the United States or any other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. The securities referred to herein have not been and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act. Any public offering of securities to be made in the United States will be made by means of a prospectus. Such prospectus will contain detailed information about the company making the offer and its management and financial statements.


The author has recently completed the development of a series of structural actuators for supporting the segments of the primary mirror in various configurations of NASA's Next Generation Space Telescope. Separately, the author has been developing a `calibrated displacement actuator' for use in calibrating metrology instruments used to make nanometer- scale measurements. This paper reports on the performance of both the calibrated displacement actuator called `HECTOR- 100tm' and the Rubicontm structural actuator. It also discusses the benefits of incorporating a HECTOR-100- type actuator as a hyperfine third stage in a structural actuator for controlling mirror surfaces for very high resolution imaging as possibly in the visible or UV portions of the spectrum.


Objective: To establish total saponins from Panax japonicas(SPJ) activity related to quality standards by the quantification of main active ingredient.Method: The extraction process of total saponins from P.japonicas(SPJ) was optimized to obtain total saponin extraction.HPLC was used to determine the content of the main ingredients in the standard extract.The main ingredients were made into the preparations of principal component cluster equal with total saponins of herbal extracts to evaluate the differences between the principal component cluster and the active ingredients of herbal extraction through vitro antioxidant model.Result: Vitro antioxidant activity of standard extracts was 71.30 U·g-1;the content of saponin V of P.japonicus was 24.9 mg·g-1;saponin Ⅳa was 90.6 mg·g-1;saponin Ⅳ was 38.7 mg·g-1;Pjs-2 was 41.1 mg·g-1.Vitro antioxidant activity of the principal component cluster is 64.79 U·g-1.Conclusion: The method taking saponin V,saponin Ⅳa,saponin Ⅳ and Pjs-2 from P.japonicus as the principal component of the Panax japonicus total saponins has a high accuracy,which is scientific and reasonable.In the samples of Panax japonicus total saponins,the content of saponin V is no less than 24.9 mg·g-1,saponin Ⅳa is no less than 90.6 mg·g-1,saponin Ⅳ is no less than 38.7 mg·g-1,Pjs-2 is no less than 39.6 mg·g-1.


Abstract Cancer treatments for older patients must account for heterogeneity in health and functional status. Guidelines advocate the use of geriatric assessments (GAs), but comprehensive assessments are laborious and the utility of specific GA domains remains unclear. The identification of specific domains as prognostic factors may support survival predictions and treatment decisions. We aimed to evaluate the associations between several GA domains and overall survival in older cancer patients. We linked cancer registry data and administrative claims data from cancer patients residing in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The subjects were patients aged ≥70 years who received a diagnosis of gastric, colorectal, or lung cancer between 2010 and 2014 at 36 designated cancer care hospitals. The following three GA domains were assessed at cancer diagnosis: functional status through activities of daily living (ADL), comorbidities, and nutritional status through body mass index. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the three cancer types to estimate each domain's prognostic effect while adjusting for gender, age, and cancer stage. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all‐cause mortality were calculated. We identified 5,559, 4,746, and 4,837 patients with gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer respectively. ADL impairment (HRs: 1.39‐3.34, 1.64‐2.86, and 1.24‐3.21 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively), comorbidities (1.32‐1.58, 1.33‐1.97, and 1.19‐1.29 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively), and underweight (1.36, 1.51, and 1.54 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively) were significantly associated with poorer overall survival. In contrast, overweight was significantly associated with improved overall survival (HRs: 0.82 and 0.89 for gastric and lung cancer respectively). The addition of the three domains increased the models' C‐statistics (0.816 to 0.836, 0.764 to 0.787, and 0.759 to 0.783 for gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer respectively). Incorporating these factors into initial patient evaluations during diagnosis may aid prognostic predictions and treatment strategies in geriatric oncology.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect oleic acid addition on characterization of edible film and obtain the optimum concentration to improving the properties of edible film. Completely Randomized Design Method was used for this study consisting of five treatments and five replications. The edible biocomposite films prepared by addition of oleic acid (OA) with different concentration: 0%, OA 5%, OA 10%, OA 15%, and OA 20% based on cassava starch-gelatin total weight (w/w). Characteristic of biocomposite films were assessed by thickness measurement and analyzing water barrier properties. The results observed improving concentration of OA more than 5% (w/w) possessed weaker mechanical properties. The addition OA 5% showed ability films tendency to water absorption about 1,86 g/m Pa s x 10-10 and water transmission rate about 46,80 g/h.m2. However because the major content of biocomposite film have hydrophilic nature, the effect of addition of oleic acid through the film were still wettable. GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2020 ISSN 2320-9186 3832 GSJ© 2020 www.globalscientificjournal.com


Abstract:Although public discourse on the perceived 'refugee crisis' has often been framed in terms of 'problematic foreign masculinity' (Paul Scheibelhofer), there is relatively little research on the nexus of migration and masculinity. In contrast, literary texts have long engaged with gendered experiences of migration. This article analyses the humorous yet hard-hitting intersectional critique of Austrian society in Martin Horváth's debut novel. Focal points are its narratorial stance, its protagonist's 'promiscuous' multilingualism and its critique of colonially structured gender identities but also, ultimately, its reiteration of patriarchal masculinity as a repetition of (white, European) strategies of control.


This book is about the development of courage to raise a voice against the dominant society. Also, this book talks about developing the actual teaching method, which is at least a little productive for citizens and society. Finally, this book gives an idea of visualizing the high standards of humanity. In the present article, we shall dive into the ideas of Paulo Freire and will have a chapter-wise better understanding of his philosophy.


The context of this book is Bangladesh and the main purpose of this book is to introduce the key concepts of Customer Relationship Marketing (CRM). Since Independence in 1971, Bangladesh has made solid progress and made substantial improvements in its economy, with GDP growth of 5-6% consistently over the past decade. With the real economic growth coupled with rapid urbanisation, the country has witnessed a new form of organised retailing that started to emerge in early 2000. This organised retail format is undergoing a period of unprecedented expansion, something that is driving additional demand and as well as creating opportunities for further enterprise. There are clear signs of substantial and potential growth in future. The economic growth coupled with the growth of urbanisation, changes in demographic factors, increases in employment and income levels has had a profound influence on consumers shopping behaviour and hence, Customer Relationship Marketing. This book aims to provide an in-depth insight into the concept of relationship marketing and how this conception can be one of the most important strategic choices for the retailers to enhance customer retention.


Mobile handsets are primary essentials for people across the world. Marketers constantly shall understand the buyer's changing needs. The features that a consumer looks for, where does he seek for that information? Marketers want to understand the budget available and also the top of the mind brand that he recalls to style the varied marketing strategies. the aim of this study is to get the answers to the questions above for the segment of 18-23 years. The segment is usually a non-working class and possibly within the final phase of their education and also the researchers is curious to understand their buying behavior. The findings are assertive on the features, budget and knowledge search by this segment. Brand recall findings are quite interesting.


This article reflects on the work of recruiting participants for survey research. Published accounts in this area frequently neglect complex and time-consuming elements of the recruiting process. These are negotiating access with gatekeepers, negotiating the cooperation of participants, and emotional engagement in the recruitment process. This article describes these processes through the example of recruiting nonprofessional young workers for a survey on sex, drugs, and drinking. The challenges of recruiting for a quantitative study where there is limited rather than prolonged engagement in the field are examined in detail, and strategies for overcoming recruitment barriers are offered.


Code-Switching (CS) is a common phenomenon observed in several bilingual and multilingual communities, thereby attaining prevalence in digital and social media platforms. This increasing prominence demands the need to model CS languages for critical downstream tasks. A major problem in this domain is the dearth of annotated data and a substantial corpora to train large scale neural models. Generating vast amounts of quality text assists several down stream tasks that heavily rely on language modeling such as speech recognition, text-to-speech synthesis etc,. We present a novel vantage point of CS to be style variations between both the participating languages. Our approach does not need any external annotations such as lexical language ids. It mainly relies on easily obtainable monolingual corpora without any parallel alignment and a limited set of naturally CS sentences. We propose a two-stage generative adversarial training approach where the first stage generates competitive negative examples for CS and the second stage generates more realistic CS sentences. We present our experiments on the following pairs of languages: Spanish-English, Mandarin-English, Hindi-English and Arabic-French. We show that the trends in metrics for generated CS move closer to real CS data in each of the above language pairs through the dual stage training process. We believe this viewpoint of CS as style variations opens new perspectives for modeling various tasks in CS text.


Reflections on course styles and instructional modes are presented. The author focused on the lecture course 'Mind and Behaviour' and the seminar course 'Seminar in Psychological Readings' in Hiroshima University. 'Mind and Behaviour' contained talk and group work. Opening with conversation helped the author relax and anticipate the appropriate pace and manner for the day's lecture, and it encouraged students to have fun in the course. Group work made the lecture bidirectional and helped motivate students to be active, engaged, and attentive towards the course. 'Seminar in Psychological Readings' contained similar conversational interaction and attempted to employ appellative strategy. As in 'Mind and Behaviour', the author benefited from an initial period of informal talk and students found the conversational time pleasant and informative. The author's observations of seminar activities suggest that conversation also supports good presentation performances and stimulates quality discussions. Although appellative strategy towards the author appeared to be more difficult than anticipated, students called each other using first-names or nicknames and the discussions were active and the participation was lively.


We studied the electret properties of compositions based on high-density polyethylene, and zeolite. It was found that the introduction of the zeolite increases the electret properties of polyethylene, which is explained by the accumulation of charge carriers at the interface "polymer filler." A reduction in melt flow index of polyethylene with increasing concentration of filler, which is associated with an increase in the cost of energy required to overcome the work of adhesion between the particles, which prevents the flow of the polymer. With the introduction of zeolite filler in plastic, and the content of oxygen-containing groups electretized in the system increases.


I would like to begin concretely, and the measure of my success in this paper will be the reader's assent to the rhetorical need for me to work in just some such manner as I've chosen. Consider how, at first glance (and for some time thereafter), Wayne Booth impresses one not so much as a single Booth than as a complex field of Booths: teacher, dean, member of university and national seminars-colloquiacommittees uncountable, MLA President, visiting lecturer, author of works on fiction, criticism, film, education, irony, rhetoric, ethics, religion, teaching . .1 In a recent address Booth calls himself a rhetorician, and in his most recent book a generalist (a closer look reveals to the initiate that for Booth these mean the same thing), but a set of questions will have occurred to the thoughtful Booth reader long before: is there a center to this widening (or at least fluctuating) gyre, is there some doctrine, activity, character, that pulls these pursuits together? Is calling oneself a generalist only an unsuccessful dodge of the more obviously demeaning label "dilettante" (however brilliant this dilettantism may be)? Or is there a unified field theory to account for these many Wayne Booths? Such a unified center does exist, I believe, though my aim in this paper is certainly not hagiographical. No, I am interested in arguing that Booth's version of rhetorical generalism is relevant to understanding-Booth, to be sure; in my view the "essential Booth"-but more importantly to understanding the very enterprise of rhetoric itself, as a dynamic, changing basis for liberal education-an education precisely to a specific, coherent, intellectual and moral character.2 Booth has never been content with whatever ethical order or identity he may have managed for himself (as real life author or act-er) over forty-odd years of multiform activity. Explicitly in most of his writings, more or less implicitly in the rest, Booth has not only written about rhetorical


The present invention concerns a bushing assembly (2) comprising terminal ears coupled to opposed end walls (2A) of the bushing assembly, for heating the bushing tip plate and walls, each of said terminal ears comprising an electrically conductive plate (1) comprising a first terminal edge (1D) coupled to a bushing first end wall (2A), and extending away from said first end wall to a second, free terminal edge (1A) connectable to a source of power (5, 6), said plate comprising a slot (3) comprising : (a) a first, open end (3A) of width, WA, at the second, free edge (1A) of the plate, (b) an elongated portion (3 B) extending towards said first edge (1D) of gap width, WB, and (c) a second, closed end (3C), separate from the first edge (1D) of the terminal ear, and having a curved geometry; characterized in that, the curvature, 1/(2R), at any point of the curved second end (3C) of the slot is less than the reciprocal, 1/ W0, of the smallest gap width, W0, of both slot first open end (3A), WA, and elongated portion (3B), WB, wherein R is the radius at any point of the curved second end (3C).


Wheat is the major staple food in most temperate countries, including Europe and North America. In addition to providing energy and protein it is a significant source of a number of essential or beneficial components, including B vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre. Cereal fibre has established benefits in reducing the risk of several chronic diseases but the consumption of fibre is below the recommended daily intake in the typical "Western diet". Improving the content and composition of wheat fibre is therefore an attractive strategy to improve the health of large populations at low cost. The major dietary fibre components of wheat grain are arabinoxylan and β-glucan. Both vary in their amount, composition, and properties in different grain fractions, with white flour being lower in total fibre than bran but having a higher proportion of soluble fibre. There is significant variation in the amounts and structures of arabinoxylan and β-glucan in bread wheat genotypes, including commercial cultivars from different regions of the world, old landraces and exotic lines. This variation is also highly heritable, which should allow plant breeders to develop improved cultivars. Gradients in fibre composition and content within the grain may also allow millers to produce specialist high fibre flours.


It is demonstrated that the second quantization which is the basis of quantum electrodynamics is introduced without sufficient grounds and even logically inconsistently although it yields extremely accurate predictions that are in excellent agreement with experiment. The physical essence hidden behind the second quantization is discussed as well.


We describe a real-time bidding algorithm for performance-based display ad allocation. A central issue in performance display advertising is matching campaigns to ad impressions, which can be formulated as a constrained optimization problem that maximizes revenue subject to constraints such as budget limits and inventory availability. The current practice is to solve the optimization problem offline at a tractable level of impression granularity (e.g., the page level), and to serve ads online based on the precomputed static delivery scheme. Although this offline approach takes a global view to achieve optimality, it fails to scale to ad allocation at the individual impression level. Therefore, we propose a real-time bidding algorithm that enables fine-grained impression valuation (e.g., targeting users with real-time conversion data), and adjusts value-based bids according to real-time constraint snapshots (e.g., budget consumption levels). Theoretically, we show that under a linear programming (LP) primal-dual formulation, the simple real-time bidding algorithm is indeed an online solver to the original primal problem by taking the optimal solution to the dual problem as input. In other words, the online algorithm guarantees the offline optimality given the same level of knowledge an offline optimization would have. Empirically, we develop and experiment with two real-time bid adjustment approaches to adapting to the non-stationary nature of the marketplace: one adjusts bids against real-time constraint satisfaction levels using control-theoretic methods, and the other adjusts bids also based on the statistically modeled historical bidding landscape. Finally, we show experimental results with real-world ad delivery data that support our theoretical conclusions.


• Propose the concept of Digital Heritage+. • Use interactive documentary (Batik project as an archetype), where interaction occurs between people and intangible cultural heritage (ICH), to resurge and encourage ICH to be ingrained in people's everyday life. • Glocalization • Bridge the gap between researcher community and general public.


The purpose of this paper, which is largely self-contained though it is a difficult task, is to revisit the mathematical foundations of General Relativity (GR) after one century, in the light of the formal theory of systems of partial differential equations and Lie pseudogroups (D.C. Spencer, 1970) or Algebraic Analysis, namely a mixture of differential geometry and homological algebra (M. Kashiwara, 1970). In particular, we shall justify the claim: GR is not coherent with any one of the above three domains. • Systems: In dimension 4 only, the 9 Bianchi identities that must be satisfied by the 10 components of the Weyl tensor are described by a second order operator and have thus nothing to do with the 20 first order Bianchi identities for the 20 components of the Riemann tensor. This result has been recently confirmed by A. Quadrat (INRIA) using new computer algebra packages. • Groups: The kernel of the canonical projection of the Riemann bundle onto the Weyl bundle, induced by the canonical inclusion of the classical Killing system (Poincaré group) into the conformal Killing system (Conformal group), namely the so-called Ricci bundle of symmetric 2-tensors, has only to do with the second order jets of the conformal Killing system. • Modules: The 10 linearized second order Einstein equations are parametrizing the 4 first order Cauchy stress equations but cannot be parametrized themselves. As a byproduct of this negative result, the 4 Cauchy stress equations have nothing to do with the 4 divergence-type equations usually obtained from the Bianchi identities by contraction of indices. These purely mathematical results question the origin and existence of gravitational waves.


In KEK there are three groups which concern with superconducting rf. The superconducting accelerating cavity group and the superconducting crab cavity group belong to KEKB (KEK B-factory). The L-band superconducting cavity group works for domestic and international collaborations of KEK. Introduction on these groups and their activities is presented in this paper. Main part is devoted for the introduction of crab cavities, which are new type superconducting rf cavities and are planned to install into KEKB to increase luminosity.


Background: T‐wave alternans (TWA), a harbinger of sudden cardiac death, associates to a broad variety of pathologies. In a previous study, we observed the presence of unstable and low‐amplitude TWA also in healthy subjects, and considered it as "physiological TWA." The possible existence of different TWA characteristics between males and female is investigated in the present work.


Cloud computing is the provision and delivery of computing resources as services over the Internet. The cloud computing business model also is a revolutionary change from what it had been as the service delivery and charge follows a utility model where customers are required to pay only for what is accessed and the duration of usage. Since the introduction of cloud computing to the market, service providers come up with different types of services and made them available to prospective customers. This paper presents a comprehensive taxonomy of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) one of the important cloud service offerings.


To the editor: The report by Drs. B. Langer, E.B. Tovee and S. Patel (Can Med Assoc J 117: 1183, 1977) illustrates well the futility of trying to prove a point without the necessary data. They attempt to compare survival in two groups of patients with rectal carcinoma one group treated by primary irradiation and the other by abdominoperineal resection. The two groups cannot be compared directly. Presumably all patients treated surgically had operable conditions, yet 75% of patients in Dr. Rider's1 irradiated group had inoperable conditions. Therefore, the group treated with primary irradiation would be expected to do worse than the group treated with abdominoperineal resection. Furthermore, it is possible that the age distributions of the two groups were different. Unfortunately Dr. Langer and colleagues and Dr. Rider did not report actuarial data, so this point is unresolved. The data reported by Dr. Rider, suggesting that it may be possible to treat patients with rectal carcinoma successfully by primary irradiation, are interesting, though not conclusive. The only way to resolve the issue is with a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. The report by Dr. Langer and associates does not change this necessity, and the questions the authors pose regarding such a trial ("What patient would willingly enter the trial? And what doctor would advise it?") appear somewhat presumptuous.


Discusses the third year course on electromagnetic theory in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Stellenbosch, the follow up fourth year course on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and the experiments which have been developed in support of them.


Keywords—low noise amplifier, antimonide-based compound semiconductor (ABCS) HEMT, InAs/AlSb HEMT. Abstract—Several antimonide-based compound semiconductor (ABCS) microstrip MMICs, an X-Band low-noise amplifier and an rf switch, using 0.1-µm gate length Antimonide Based Compound Semiconductor (ABCS) metamorphic InAs/AlSb HEMTs, have been fabricated and characterized on a 50 µm GaAs substrate. The compact 0.7 mm 2 two-stage X-band LNA demonstrated a 1.25 dB noise-figure at 10 GHz with an associated gain of 22.3 dB. The measured dc power dissipation of the ABCS LNA was an ultra-low 1.6mW per stage, or 3.2 mW total which is less than one-tenth the dc power dissipation of a typical equivalent InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT LNA. Operation with degraded gain and noise figure at 0.98 mW total dc power dissipation is also verified. The compact 0.9 mm 2 single- pole double-throw X-band RF switch demonstrated a 0.99 dB on-state insertion loss and an off -state isolation of > 32 dB. These results demonstrate the outstanding potential of the ABCS HEMT technology for low-power X-band applications. Fig. 1. A photomicrograph of the two-stage ABCS HEMT MMIC X-band LNA. The compact die measures 1.4mm by 0.7 mm with a thickness of 50 µm.


Introduction According to Burayu Town Urban Infrastructure Management Report(2008-2010), the town lies at a relatively gentle slope where runoff runs and drains towards the nearest natural water body. Most parts of the town is covered by reddish soil that has low infiltration rate. There are a number of dry streams in the town, which collect runoff from their watersheds and drain it towards river. Due to soil erosion and poor waste management system, the drainage channels are filled with or blocked by silt and garbage (Source: Ministry of Urban Development and Construction 2008-2010).These reduce the carrying capacity of drainage channels and create overflow of runoffs. The absence of proper drainage negatively affects the economy of the community (car crash, delay in time or time wastage, wastage of gasoline) as well as social activities such as facilitation of trade and businesses, access to basic services, safe transportation. Surface drainage involves collecting the water from the road surface, road shoulders, side slopes and adjacent areas and Article history Received: 30-12-2017 Revised: 05-01-2018 Accepted: 15-01-2018


This study aimed to evaluate the correlations of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC), 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and ten‐eleven translocation enzyme 2 (TET2) expressions in lesion tissue with histological classification of breast precancerous lesion.


Multijet production at extremely high energy, generated by iteration of the standard hard-parton-scattering mechanism, in the framework of quantum chromodynamics, is assumed to be processed by low-p/sub T/ hadron multiplicities satisfying Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling. This assumption is argued to lead to a specific structure in the angular-momentum plane, which gives rise to long-range effects in hadron collisions, and in particular to a rising component in the hadron cross section. This component is due to hard parton subcollisions and can be correlated with the hadron structure function. The model is shown to be consistent with ..pi..p, Kp, and pp total-cross-section data, as well as with the ..pi.., K, and p structure-function data.


In the second lecture we saw that a graph could be associated with a vector space, called the cycle space. We will see that this cycle space can be extended to surfaces giving birth to the first homology group. We also introduced the fundamental group of a graph or of a surface in another lecture. Hence, we now have two group structures that encode the topology of a space X , where X is either a graph or a surface. These structures are both generated by closed walks in the graph of X and we call a basis any generating set with the minimum number of closed walks. In order to derive a more informative notion of minimality we assume that the edges of the considered graph have a positive weight. This allows to define the weight of a closed walk as the sum of its edge weights (counted with multiplicity). A minimum weight basis is then a basis such that the sum of the weights of its members is minimum. The computation of minimum weight bases has received much attention when X is a graph and was studied more recently for combinatorial surfaces. Good references on the subject include a comprehensive survey on cycle bases in graphs by Kavitha et al. [KLM+09] and another survey on optimization of cycles and bases on surfaces by Erickson [Eri12]. We shall use the qualifiers minimum and shortest interchangeably to designate a walk, tree or subgraph of minimum weight.


The article studies the concept of innovation ecosystem by drawing an analogy between innovation and natural ecosystems. The authors identify basic elements of innovation ecosystems and their relations at different stage of innovation life cycle. They put forward the concept of developing the innovation component of the region at the expense of continuous support of start-ups through governmental subsidies and raising commercial capital to fundamental science. This process is carried out by introduction of demonstration system and technologies development, as well as organization of return finance and information links in the structure of innovation ecosystem. A conclusion was drawn that in certain conditions the system from balanced state can pass over to growth.


Amyloid beta plaques (APs) containing amyloid beta peptides (Aβ), blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and progressive cognitive decline are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Pathophysiological changes that initiate and perpetuate these hallmarks remain unresolved. We hypothesize that chronic extravasation of immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) and Aβ via chronically impaired BBB promotes their interaction with pyramidal neurons (PNs). This interaction impairs PN function, consequentially initiates and perpetuates these AD‐associated hallmarks.


In (1; p. 38), A. P. Guinand discusses the plane partition function q(n). He observes that q(3), q(6), q(9), q(15), q(18), q(21), and q(24) are respectively 6, 48, 282, 1479, 6879, 29601, 118794, and 451194. As all these are multiples of 3 he suggests the conjecture that q(3n) ≡ 0 (mod 3) for all positive integers n.


Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment for isolated superior mesenteric artery dis-section(ISMAD).Methods: 5 patients(male 4 cases,female 1 cases;ranging from 37-68 years of age,mean age 52 years) with ISMAD diagnosed by abdominal computed tomography angiography(CTA) and percutaneous transcatheter digital subtraction angiography(DSA) were chosen.They were treated initially with fasting,antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy.They were all treated with endovascular treatment and kepted on antiplatelet therapy.All patients were available for clinical follow-up after treatment at 1,3,6 month with CTA or DSA.Results: Technical success was achieved in all five patients without any complications.Combination of the coil embolization and endovascular stent placement were preformed in 2 cases.The other 3 cases underwent with double-stent placement successfully.All patients were gradually asymptomatic in 3 weeks.Follow-up CTA or DSA were available in 5 patients(mean 7.8 months,range 3-12 months),and it showed complete resolution of dissection and restoration of the true lumen with good distal flow of the SMA.Conclu-sions: Endovascular treatment is a feasible and effective therapeutic strategy for ISMAD.


The latent structure of the Revised Beta Examination-Second Edition (Beta-II) was examined in 125 adolescents and adults with mild to moderate mental retardation during the period from January, 2001, through February, 2002. The mean age of the sample was 20.8 (SD = 3.7) and ranged from 16 to 37 years. Years of education completed ranged from 6 to 12 years (M = 10.9, SD = 1.6). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggest that a hierarchical model with g at the apex and two subordinate factors Perceptual Speed and Conceptual Reasoning provides an adequate account of the theoretical components underlying the Beta-II IQ, which are robust across sex and levels of mental retardation. Perceptual Speed comprised Mazes, Coding, and Clerical Checking subtests, whereas Conceptual Reasoning was made up of Paper Form Boards, Picture Completion, and Picture Absurdities subtests. Moreover, a significant discrepancy was found in the performances between the Perceptual Speed and Conceptual Reasoning dimensions, with the raw percentage correct scores in the Perceptual Speed higher than those of the Conceptual Reasoning.


Three specialization of a set of orthogonal polynomials with "8 different q's" are given. The polynomials are identified as q-analogues of Laguerre polynomials, and the combinatorial interpretation of the moments gives infinitely many new Mahonian statistics on permutations.


The carbohydrate derived nonionic gemini surfactants have been emerged as a result of our present day interest in environmentally compatible chemicals. Reverse micelles formed by surfactants can be used for selective solubilization and reactions which exploit their nanometer size, micro-environments and mimics the membranous biological system. Novel carbohydrate based non-ionic gemini surfactants bearing rigid aromatic spacer and with varying tail lengths of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbons have been synthesized in our laboratory. Each of these possesses two tertiary amino groups linked to C-6 of the glucose moieties and their reducing function blocked in cyclic acetal groups. These amphiphiles were explored as reverse micellisation probes for encapsulation of water soluble AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) in neat nhexane. Reverse micellar studies revealed that amphiphile possessing smaller hydrophobic chain shows better encapsulation. KeywordsReverse micelles, carbohydrates, Gemini surfactants, AZT, spacer.


Molting behavior in insects is controlled by the ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH), eclosion hormone (EH) and the crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP). At present, the regulation of molting behavior in crustaceans remains unclear. Here, we studied the roles of ETH, EH, and CCAP in the molt regulation of the crab, Scylla paramamosain from their expression pattern and in vivo assays. The results showed that transcripts of ETH, EH, and CCAP were mainly localized in thoracic ganglia and fluctuated periodically with the molting cycle. When ETH or CCAP was knockdown at early premolt stage (D0), molting of crabs was interrupted and all animals died at late premolt stage (D2). While the EH gene was knock-down, most crabs were dead before D2. Injection of synthetic peptide for ETH or CCAP rescued ETH- or CCAP-gene knock-down crabs separately. However, none of peptides could rescue dsEH-injected crabs. At D0 stage, knockdown of ETH down-regulated the transcriptions of EH and CCAP; while ETH was up-regulated when EH was knockdown. At D2 stage, ETH transcripts levels were reduced with the injection of dsEH but increased with the same dose of dsETH as crabs at D0 stage. Co-injection of dsETH and dsEH down-regulated ETH at D2 stage. Results showed that ETH, EH, and CCAP play essential but different roles in molt regulation in mud crab. In summary, the result of this study contributes to the discovery of different molecular mechanisms between Insecta and Crustacea and may provide insight to develop fishery drugs that helps aquacultured crustaceans to molt successfully.


This study was carried out to gather basic data on the restoration and extent of Don tea (a coin-shaped tea), the traditional tea of Korea. We examined the physicochemical components and anti-microbial activity of Don tea extracts at 0, 5 and 10 months. The Hunter value L*, of Don tea extracts which were matured for 10 months decreased from 7.01 to 4.97 compared to that when the extracts were first manufactured. However, the b* value increased from 0.09 to 2.67. There were higher contents of inorganic matter in Don tea extracts following manufacture in the order of K (14.12 ㎎/100 mL), Mg (0.94 ㎎/100 mL), P (0.88 ㎎/100 mL), Ca (0.16 ㎎/100 mL) and Mn (0.16 ㎎/100 mL). Classified catechins contents were found in the order of C (19.97 ㎎/100 mL), EGC (9.30 ㎎/100 mL), ECG (9.02 ㎎/100 mL), GCG (8.50 ㎎/100 mL), GC (7.61 ㎎/100 mL) and CG (5.63 ㎎/100 mL). The longer the maturation period of the Don tea extracts, the lower the contents of inorganic matter and catechins. However, this did not apply to the total phenol contents, particularly in the phenol contents of Don tea extracts matured for 10 months which increased by 93.82 ㎎/100 mL. Don tea extracts which were matured for longer periods showed higher anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans. However, there were lower activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Consequently, it was concluded that a shorter maturation period was required for the effective utilization of the inorganic matter, the catechins and the gram-negative bacteria in the Don tea extracts. However, a longer maturation period of 10 months was found to effectively utilize the total phenol compound contents and the gram-positive bacteria.


This highly efficient method affords diverse substituted dihydroindolizines with high enantioselectivities via the title cascade reaction by using simple starting materials.


Natural geohazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and volcanic collapse, are of immediate societal concern. In an oceanic setting (Fig. 1), all are capable of generating tsunami that threaten coastal zones at distances of many thousands of kilometers. This power and its effects were forcefully shown by the giant earthquake (� w 9.2) and tsunami of 26 December 2004 off the coast of northern Sumatra. Smaller magnitude submarine earthquakes and landslides occur with shorter recurrence intervals and the capability of tsunami generation, creating hazards for local coastal communities as well as for offshore industry and infrastructure. At the other end of the scale, the geologic record suggests that less common, large-volume volcanic collapses and extraterrestrial meteorite and comet impacts in ocean basins have the potential to initiate tsunami of extraordinary power that can threaten huge sections of coastlines with growing populations. These events also disperse enormous volumes of ash, steam, and ejecta into the atmosphere, with shortand long-term consequences, including climate change. All of these processes, which have operated throughout the �arth�s history, are instrumental in shaping the �arth system today. However, they are characteristically difficult to predict, and viable risk assessment and hazard mitigation depend on a clearer understanding of the causes, distributions, and consequences of such natural events.


The invention provides a bottle detection device. The bottle detection device comprises a main mounting base arranged on a rack and a bottle detection assembly on the main mounting base. The bottle detection assembly comprises a first mounting base, a second mounting base, a bottle pressing mechanism, a bottle holding and mounting rod, a bottle holding mechanism and a bottle removing mechanism. The first mounting base is provided with a detection assembly which includes a linear displacement sensor and a probe. The bottle pressing mechanism comprises an elastic pressing assembly and a pressing control assembly. The bottle holding mechanism comprises a bottle holding and mounting base, a vertical rod and a bottle holding part arranged on the top of the vertical rod. The bottle holding part is used for enabling the non-pressing end of a bottle to be held but not away from a bottle conveying track so that the probe can detect the bottle. The bottle detection device can detect the outline dimension of bottles on the bottle conveying track, has high reliability and stability and can adapt to detecting and screening bottles of different models and specifications conveniently. In addition, the invention provides a corresponding detection method and a bottle-making machine with the bottle detection device or detection method adopted.


The aim of this bachelor thesis is the design and contstruction of a preparation for surgical introduction of osseointegration implant, of which function is fixing an epithesis in the orbit area. Computer Tomography data of a patient was provided as a basis for design work. The thesis also includes a research on osseointegration utilization in the introduction of facial epithesis.


Globalization is the main trend and reality of the modern world social processes, which is opposed by a national and cultural, but above all, religious tradition. Globalization and traditionalism have nonlinear vectors and ambivalent models of interaction, which is most vividly traced in the study of the history and a current state of the Old Believers in Russia and abroad. The tragic events of the split of the Russian Church put the Old Believers outside the law, caused them to flee to the borderlands of the state and beyond. The flight took the character of migration flows, shaped the transnational ethno-confessional Russian religious diaspora of Old Believers in different parts of the world. The modern Old Believers are in a difficult search for self-determination in modern times answering global challenges in very polar variations: migration/archaization, glocality/entrepreneurship, literacy/strength in faith, practicality and activity/orientation to spiritual needs. In general, the Old Believers have adapted the globalizing modernity in accordance with their ideas. If for most of their history the Old Believers were perceived as a countercultural phenomenon, marginal to the dominant culture, be it Orthodox or Soviet, now the Old Believers are taking shape of a rather noticeable religious traditionalist subculture with a high adaptive potential in the context of globalization.


Fatigue damaging micromechanisms in a ferritic ductile cast iron were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a microtensile holder. Fatigue tests were performed under load control conditions and damage analysis were performed according to a step by step experimental procedure: specimens surfaces were observed by means of a SEM during the test ("in situ" tests). Experimental results show the complex role played by the graphite nodules.
KEYWORDS. Fatigue; Ferritic ductile iron; Damaging micromechanism.


OBJECTIVE
To compare a high-power setting holmium yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy to the established low-power setting approach during Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Our study analyzed the data of consecutive patients managed with RIRS. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the employed laser settings of power, energy and frequency; dusting (20W=0.5Jx40Hz) (Group1) and stone "self-popping" (60W=1.5-2Jx30-40Hz) (Group 2). Perioperative outcomes including operative time (OT) and stone disintegration time (SDT) were compared between groups. Stone-free rate (SFR) was evaluated 1 month after the surgery.

RESULTS
Overall, 174 patients with 179 renal units were included. The dusting mode was utilized in 98 patients (100 renal units), whereas 76 patients (79 renal units) underwent the stone "self-popping" technique. The SFR was 82.1% for both groups. The OT and SDT were 60.1 ± 18.6min and 32.6 ± 9.4min respectively for Group 1, and 44.9 ± 15.5min and 16.5 ± 4.7min respectively for Group 2. According to the final analysis, laser lithotripsy using stone the "self-popping" technique was significantly faster compared to the dusting technique with a coefficient value of 14.12min (CI = 8.8 - 19.44) and 15.84min (CI = 13.44 - 18.2) for OT and SDT, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The stone "self-popping" technique with the power at 60W, frequency at 30-40Hz and energy at 1.5-2.0J is a safe and effective modality for the active treatment of renal stones. In comparison to the dusting mode, it resulted in significantly faster procedures (14.12min) possessing similar SFR.


Su Shi brought forth various new ideas in the style of his poems. He gave a refreshingly lucid style to the poetry by putting the gorgeous and amorous form of poetry another way. Bold and unconstrained, graceful and restrained, broad - minded, all of his poems possess highly artistic merits and fairly high value of appreciation of the beautiful.


It is shown under general assumptions that if the onebody Green's function equals its free-field value the theory is that of a free field. (auth)


The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution and the behavior of species richness and diversity in a shrub savanna fragment, in 2003 and 2014, using ordinary kriging, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both evaluation years, the measurements were performed in a fragment with 236.85 hectares, in which individual trees were measured and identified across 40 plots (1,000 m 2 ). Species richness was determined by the total number of species in each plot, and diversity by the Shannon diversity index. For the variogram study, spatial models were fitted and selected. Then, ordinary kriging was applied and the spatial distribution of the assessed variables was described. A strong spatial dependence was observed between species richness and diversity by the Shannon diversity index (<25% spatial dependence degree). Areas of low and high species diversity and richness were found in the shrub savanna fragment. Spatial distribution behavior shows relative stability regarding the number of species and the Shannon diversity index in the evaluated years.


This paper evaluates critically the discourse of 'economic globalisation'. This discourse extend the belief that capitalist firms now produce the vast majority of goods and services produced in the world (i.e., the commodification thesis) by asserting that this process of commodification is increasingly taking place within an open world economy in which firms operate in a deregulated and seamless global marketplace. In the economic globalisation thesis, therefore, it is a specific type of commodified economy that is becoming hegemonic and stretching its tentacles wider and deeper across the globe, namely unregulated or 'free market' capitalism composed of hyper-mobile and homeless capital operating in a borderless world. The main aim/objective of this paper is to contest the narrative of economic globalisation adopted by the globalists, demonstrating its performative character. In doing so, it will contest the view that globalisation is the only future, and display how the future is more open than suggested by its proponents. This thesis will use the Gambia to produce empirical evidence of the shallowness of economic globalisation. So far data that will be use in writing up this paper will be secondary data, but however I am due to be going for a field work in the Gambia in July this year to carryout empirical research, using a barrage of techniques to collect my data. Methods will include a structured questionnaire that will be used to measure the embeddedness of Gambian households in the globalisation process, and also semi-ethnography to evaluate the impacts of economic globalisation. Although I have not yet reached any results, my research will more than likely prove that: • Globalisation is a performative discourse. • The lived practices/coping strategies of households have less to do with globalisation. • The informal economy in West Africa (The Gambia) is not demising as proposed by the globalists, rather it is increasing. • Globalisation (Capitalist globalisation) is not the formula for the socio-economic development of West Africa (The Gambia). • The future is open to other alternatives. Being the first of its kind in the Gambia, that is to my knowledge, my research other than seeking to challenge the hypotheses of globalisation (akin to commodification and formalisation) also seeks to create some policy implications which would enable the Gambia and other West African states to target social assistance and strengthen their civil society and instruments of sustainable human development in the informal sector. I strongly believe that unless and until great steps are taking by Gambians and other West Africans to address the current socio-economic equation, we in the Gambia and the West African sub-region will continue to suffer untold socio-economic problems which will continue to facilitate the development of underdevelopment, and strengthen our own marginalisation that has already been set in motion. I feel that the first and foremost step of the many great steps that would need to be taken, is the studying of the past and present socio-economic conditions of the Gambia and its relationship with capitalist globalisation which will certainly lead to a comprehensive understanding of the current situation.


TASKA-M (Modifizierte Tandem Spiegelmaschine Karlsruhe) is a study of a dedicated fusion technology device based on the mirrar principle, in continuation of the 1981/82 TASKA study. The main objective is to minimize cost while retaining key requirements of neutron flux and fluence for blanket and material development and for component testing in a nuclear environment. Direct costs are reduced to about 400 M$ by dropping reactor-relevant aspects not essential to technology testing: No thermal barrier and electrostatic plugging of the plasma; fusion power of 7 MW at an injected power of 44 MW; tritium supply from external source~. All technologies for operating the machine are expected to be available by 1990; the plasma physics relies on microstabilization in a sloshing ion population.