The utility model relates to a submerged pump pool and a liquefied natural gas conveying device with the same. The submerged pump pool comprises a pump pool body, a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe, wherein a pump pool cover is arranged at the top end of the pump pool body in a sealing way; an accommodating space is enclosed by the pump pool cover and the pump pool body together; the liquid outlet is arranged on the pump pool cover and is communicated with the accommodating space; the liquid inlet pipe comprises a storage tank liquid inlet pipe for connecting a storage tank and a tank truck liquid discharge pipe for connecting a tank truck; and the storage tank liquid inlet pipe and the tank truck liquid discharge pipe are respectively arranged on the pump pool body and are respectively communicated with the accommodating space. The liquefied natural gas conveying device comprises a submerged pump, a submerged pump pool and a vacuum pipeline, wherein the submerged pump is arranged in the submerged pump pool; a suction inlet of the submerged pump is arranged at the bottom of the submerged pump pool; the vacuum pipeline is connected with an output port of the submerged pump through the liquid outlet of the submerged pump pool; and the submerged pump pool adopts the submerged pump pool mentioned above.


Organic vapor jet printing (OVJP) is a high-resolution mask and solvent-free organic thin film deposition and patterning technique. In this work, we analyze factors that affect the material deposition rate and the dynamics of gas flow through an OVJP print head consisting of an array of micron-sized nozzles. Scaling laws governing carrier gas flow dynamics through a system of microchannels and nozzles are developed. From these laws, we predict the deposition rate and doping ratio of organic material as a function of carrier gas flow. The analysis is applied to an experimental print head, and is compared to results obtained via a more complex, direct simulation Monte Carlo model. The print head is used to grow efficient green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes having an external quantum efficiency and luminance comparable to analogous devices grown by vacuum thermal evaporation.


This paper studies cyclic patterns in the Slovene economy with spectral analysis. It examines if the transition in Slovenia was marked by a statistically significant movement of aggregate economic activity, which corresponds to the definition of business cycle proposed by Mitchell and Burns (1946). It finds that in the period 1992–2000 a statistically significant cyclic component is present. The cyclic component oscillates with the frequency of 33.3 months. The results obtained in this paper suggest, that in the observed period two full-length cycles can be identified.


This paper proposes to share gesture contents among heterogeneous robots. In this paper, we classify gestures in two types; pointing gesture and track gesture. Criteria of classification is factors which are essential for each gesture.  Pointing gestures are used for pointing somewhere around a robot.  Trajectory of a gesture is important for track gesture.  Track gestures can keep its essential factors by moving track horizontally or vertically.  We made gesture translation algorithms for each classification and achieved sharing semantic information of gesture contents.  We carried out quantitative evaluation with simulations, and qualitative evaluation with questionnaire.


................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... x LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 ..................................................................................................................................


and Contradiction, Roy Sorensen takes this to be the only legitimate response to a sorites argument: the induction step is false. There is a sharp boundary to the concept 'noonish', but it is epistemically inaccessible to us. The real problem, says Sorensen, is to solve the meta-paradox: why so many intelligent, philosophically and logically acute people do not accept this simple and unassailable response - why even he himself, after seventeen years of propounding it, continues to suffer cognitive dissonance about it. (Has not Timothy Williamson (1994) done about all that can be done to make this epistemic response to the sorites credible? Not to Sorensen's satisfaction. Williamson argues that it is beyond human cognitive capacities to discover the threshold fixed by the use of the word in the linguistic community. Sorensen intends to show that it is not merely beyond human cognitive capacities, but that the threshold is in principle, as an a priori matter, inaccessible to any being whatsoever. Williamson's thresholds are not inaccessible enough. Also, as we'll see, he is sceptical about Williamson's claim that the threshold is determined by the community's use of the word.) In Chapter 3, 'Forced Analytical Error', a thesis is introduced which is further developed throughout most of the book: 'there is a clear sense in which our beliefs are massively contradictory. The contradictions are inescapable


ABSTRACT Introduction: Between the existing fast movement ability training program and the real situation of the athletes, there is a discrepancy, which needs to be solved. Objective: Study the effects of lower limb strength training on fast movement ability in table tennis. Methods: A total of 40 volunteers were recruited and divided into the experimental and control groups, with 20 people in each group. The control group followed the traditional table tennis fast-movement training program. In contrast, the experimental group added lower limb strength training based on the traditional table tennis fast movement training program. The experimental and control groups conducted training experiments twice a week, one hour at a time, for a total of 8 weeks. Results: In the specific fast movement fitness test, the number of upper stages before training in the experimental group was 55.91, and after training was 61.25 (P<0.01). In the whole platform turning speed test, the number in the experimental group before training was 61.40, and after training was 64.28 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Fitness in the rapid movement ability of table tennis players was optimized after the addition of the lower limb strength training program. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. Damage and death of these nerve cells lead to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision (visual acuity and visual field damages), with colors appearing subtly washed out in the affected eye. The diagnosis is made on clinical examination. The history often points to the possible etiology of the optic neuropathy. In most of the cases, one eye is affected but it could be both. A rapid onset is typical of demyelinating, inflammatory, ischemic, and traumatic causes. A gradual course points to compressive, toxic/nutritional, and hereditary causes. The classic clinical signs of optic neuropathy are visual acuity and field defects, dyschromatopsia, and abnormal pupillary response. There are ancillary investigations that can support the diagnosis of optic neuropathy. Visual field testing, neuroimaging of the brain and orbit are essential in many optic neuropathies including demyelinating and compressive. In the last decade, increase of use new technology for optic neuropathies evaluation including multifocal visual evoked potentials and optic coherence tomography. Long standing of optic neuropathy is described by pale optic disk or optic atrophy, which means damage and death of these nerve cells or neurons. regimen versus 17% of patients in the placebo group. This benefit of treatment was seen only in patients who had abnormal brain MRI at the time of onset of the optic neuritis. The protective effect was short and by 3 years after optic neuritis groups treated with ONTT IV regimen versus placebo groups had equal incidence to develop MS. These findings suggest that a patient with acute optic neuritis who has an abnormal brain MRI may benefit in the short term (2 years) from treatment with the IV/oral steroid regimen.


In our thesis we compared the successfulness of technical-tactical activities in Wrestling Freestyle of men and women at the World Championships in 2013. Our group consisted of wrestlers with an average age of 25,73 (± 3,65), average height 173, 88 (± 9,92) cm and active practice of 14,39 (± 4,49) years and women wrestlers with an average age of 24,52 (± 3,48), average height of 163 (± 7,11) cm and the average active practice of 11,88 (± 5,17) years. The results were obtained by using a detailed video analysis, where we watched 126 matches of which 63 were women matches and 63 men matches in seven weight categories. During evaluating obtained data we used relational analysis chi-square to find out relation between used technical-tactical activities by men and by women. In the monitored technicaltactical activities we found out a statistically significant difference in the number of successful ,,double-leg attack" in favor of men (x = 3,99; p ≤ 0,05). In other monitored technical-tactical activities were not seen significant differences.


When facing the total destruction of the "world of the living" or the "web of life", and therefore the "nature of nature" and the "nature of culture" itself, what space is there for normative resistance in postmodern cultural conditions? This question rooted in Freitag's "oeuvre" is key in addressing the symbolic dimensions of the ecological crisis in the postmodern paradigm; both in the development of the crisis and the resistance to globalised neoliberal capitalism. The answer to this question can hardly be negative, since there can be nothing out of some form of "regulation" in the broad sense, may it take the shape of modern scientific "laws" which demonstrate "universal regularities" of observable phenomena, or of normativity and norms which are anchored in the autodetermination of synthetic subjects but which can be reproduced transformed by them (Freitag in Duclos, 2006: 98-99). Thus, this freitagien perspective will hone in on two very important interrelated elements. The first being the ideological context, the said space in which the normative discourse and praxis of resistance can take place and the second being the substance and orientation of this normativity: both its overt and hidden telos for lack of a better word.


The gravity resistance rehabilitation training in specific musculoskeletal disorders and the central nervous system diseases is always a difficult problem.At present,the spa treatment requires the understanding of the whole body health and patients require special environments.The walking in weight loss is prone to imbalance disorders and friction injuries.The weightlessness rehabilitation not only helps eliminate the inflammation and swelling but also accelerate the absorption of painful metabolites,resulting in the increase of muscle strength and recovery.


The increasing complexity and criticality of industrial automation systems, embodied by the concept of Industry 4.0, which brings together concepts, such as cyber–physical systems, the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, call for more formality in specifying the technology standards underlying these systems. We define in this article a formal model of an Industry 4.0 machine-to-machine communication protocol, Hermes, used in specifying electronic board transfers in an assembly line. Our analysis of the formal specification reveals that despite the robustness of the protocol, many testing scenarios have been ignored in the protocol standard and in particular, scenarios that include simultaneous machine errors. Therefore, this article paves the way for a better informed testing strategy in Industry 4.0 systems that implement the protocol.


International humanitarian law ("the law of war") is a code of rules whose main sources are the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their two Additional Protocols of 1977, intended to protect persons he breakup of the U.S.S.R. was a process marked by conflicts for all countries of the Central Caucasus. Many experts have tried to define these conflicts as ethnic, regional, separatist, national liberation, terrorist, etc. But they are probably agreed on one point: all these conflicts are rooted in the geopolitical struggle for spheres of influence. The nature of the conflict in each particular case was determined by the "scenario" of its emergence and development. That is why, despite common features, there are significant distinctions between the conflicts in Georgia and Azerbaijan. First of all, the conflicts in Georgia are formally internal, being initiated by the "home-grown" separatist forces of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, whereas the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an interstate conflict, which broke out as a result of Armenia's aggression against Azerbaijan and was carried out under cover of the separatist ideas of some circles in Nagorno-Karabakh. The conflicts in Georgia did not entail an invasion of the country by foreign armed forces, whereas the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has resulted in the occupation of 20 percent of Azerbaijan's territory by the armed forces of Armenia. Consequently, there are conflicts in two of the three Central Caucasian states (Georgia and Azerbaijan), while the third state (Armenia) is involved in one of these conflicts in the role of an aggressor occupying Azerbaijani territories. In light of the above, the problems of implementation and observance of international humanitarian law (IHL) are of particular importance to the region.


Abstract : We have demonstrated that certain transduction peptides such as 12 lysines and 12 arginines can facilitate internalization into breast tumor lines with higher efficiency than smaller polymers of cationic amino acids. In addition, we have demonstrated that PTD-Sma34 worked in conjunction with Ad.TRAIL gene transfer to induce breast tumor apoptosis. We also have demonstrated that membrane bound TRAIL worked more effectively than soluble (secreted) TRAIL to induce breast cancer apoptosis. Moreover, we have demonstrated that co-administration of Ad.TRAIL with PTD-Smac34 resulted in not only enhanced adenoviral transduction of the tumors, but resulted in a stronger apoptotic effect. Finally, we have initiated studies to identify breast cancer specific tumor lines by screening a peptide phage display library both in cell culture as well as in nude mice bearing xenografts. Initial results in prostate tumors has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach and suggests breast tumor specific internalization peptides can be identified.


Summary: Purpose: We sought to investigate mortality risk in an adult cohort with newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizures. Methods: One hundred seven patients who were at least 17 years old and had newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizures were prospectively identified during a period of 20 months between 1985 and 1987. Patients were followed until the date of death or the end of 1996. The standard mortality ratio (SMR) was analyzed in the whole cohort and in the portion of the cohort with recurrent seizures at inclusion. The influences on the SMR of time since diagnosis, sex, age at diagnosis, seizure cause, seizure type, and cause of death were also investigated. Results: The SMR was significantly increased (SMR, 2.5; 95% confidence interval LCI], 1.2-3.2). This significantly increased risk was found during the first 2 years after diagnosis (year 1: SMR, 7.3; 95% CI, 4.4-12.1; year 2: SMR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.6-8.1) and at years 9-1 1 (SMR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.7-1 1.2). The increased mortality risk was most pronounced when the seizures occurred before the age of 60 years. Mortality risk was elevated among patients with remote symptomatic epilepsy (SMR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.44.5) but not idiopathic epilepsy. Conclusions: There is increased mortality risk in an adult cohort with newly diagnosed unprovoked epileptic seizures. This increase is found in symptomatic patients, young patients, and during the first 2 years after the diagnosis. Key Words: Epilepsy-Mortality-Standard mortality ratio-Population based-Prospective. Being affected by a seizure disorder has many important consequences, for both the patient and his or her family. In addition to the fear of future seizures and lifestyle restriction regarding activities such as driving, swimming, and the operation of certain machinery, there also is a fear, often unspoken, of seizure-related death. Patients with epilepsy have an increased mortality risk compared with the general population (1). Studies on mortality risks in patients with epilepsy have been based on death certificates, institutionalized patients, and community cohorts. To gain knowledge of the deaths of all patients with epilepsy, population-based studies will render the least bias in patient selection. We are aware of five population-based studies on death in patients with epilepsy (2-6). The overall accuracy in the diagnosis and case ascertainment of epileptic seizures will probably be higher in a prospectively collected cohort than in a retrospective cohort. With a retrospectively collected cohort, there also is a risk of missing patients with mild cases and elderly


Objectives. To describe a service-learning opportunity within an advanced pharmacy practice experience and report satisfaction survey results from 2001 through present. Design. Pharmacy students volunteered to attend asthma camp during an ambulatory care rotation. Students administered and monitored medications and coordinated educational activities for campers. Students set goals for the week and completed reflective journals about the experience. A survey was administered 1 week and 6 months after the experience to assess satisfaction, changes in attitudes toward children with chronic asthma, and empathy towards patients. Assessment. Most students accomplished their goals and were satisfied with the experience. Approximately 40% of students believed the experience changed their attitudes. Students agreed that volunteering at camp increased feelings of empathy towards patients with asthma. Conclusions. Students were satisfied with the camp and perceived that the combination of service-learning and clinic...


engagement in HIV care in France: strengths and gaps. Presented at: 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; March 3-6, 2013; Atlanta, GA. 6. Buatois S, Miljkovic D, Manckoundia P, et al. Five times sit to stand test is a predictor of recurrent falls in healthy community-living subjects aged 65 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1575–1577. 7. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, et al. Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332:556–561. 8. Salzman SH. The 6-min walk test: clinical and research role, technique, coding, and reimbursement. Chest. 2009;135:1345–1352. 9. Viccaro LJ, Perera S, Studenski SA. Is timed up and go better than gait speed in predicting health, function, and falls in older adults? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:887–892. 10. Massy-Westropp NM, Gill TK, Taylor AW, et al. Hand Grip Strength: age and gender stratified normative data in a population-based study. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4:127. 11. Werle S, Goldhahn J, Drerup S, et al. Ageand gender-specific normative data of grip and pinch strength in a healthy adult Swiss population. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2009;34:76–84. 12. Innes E. Handgrip strength testing: a review of the literature. Austral Occup Ther J. 1999;46: 120–140. 13. Foldvari M, Clark M, Laviolette LC, et al. Association of muscle power with functional status in community-dwelling elderly women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55: M192–M199. 14. Manini TM, Clark BC. Dynapenia and aging: an update. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;67:28–40. 15. Buchner DM, Larson EB, Wagner EH, et al. Evidence for a non-linear relationship between leg strength and gait speed. Age ageing. 1996; 25:386–391.


In this paper, we assessed the ability of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in viable and dead forms, to remove ochratoxin A (OTA) from an artificially contaminated synthetic grape juice medium (SGM) (10 µg OTA/L) and a naturally contaminated grape juice (6.64 µg OTA/L). The first strain, named Levulin FB, is a commercial yeast used in making wine. The second, named SC5, is an autochthonous strain isolated from table grapes. OTA concentrations in juices before and after their contact with yeast cells were assessed. A significant decrease in OTA level (p < 0.05) in the SGM medium and in the natural grape juice was observed after 1 h of adding yeast cells (20 g/L) in viable and heat-treated forms. It was inferred that the dead forms of the two strains were more able to eliminate OTA than their viable forms in both media. This study demonstrates the potential application of an autochthonous yeast for the natural decontamination of grape juice from fungal toxins.


As part of a program to determine accurately the heats of combustion of specialized fuels in the kerosene range, seven hydrocarbons, biphenyl, bicyclohexyl, cyclohexylbenzene, n-hexylbenzene, n-hexylcyclohexane, 1-cyclopentylheptane, and n-dodecane were synthesized or purified from commercial material. Physical constants were determined on the purified samples. These materials may have use as secondary standards for heat of combustion measurements.


Abstract Background: ToGA study showed significant survival benefit of trastuzumab (T-mab) in patients with HER2 positive gastric cancer (GC); however, clinical factors which can predict its efficacy prior to treatment are still unknown. We examined associations between clinical factors and prognosis in patients with HER2 positive GC treated by T-mab based chemotherapy. Methods: Fourty-two HER2 positive GC patients, who were treated by T-mab with chemotherapy in our institute from 2011 March to 2013 September, were enrolled. We retrospectively analyzed whether baseline clinical factors according to ToGA study and tumor markers could impact progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). These endpoints were estimated using by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared by the log-rank test. Results: Median follow-up period was 12.9 months. Median age was 61.4 y.o. and 62% of the patients were male. PS 0-1, GEJ cancer, visceral metastasis (lung or liver), previous gastorectomy, previous chemotherapy, number of metastatic site (1-2), and number of metastatic lesion (1-4) were found in 98%, 29%, 57%, 31%, 19%, 79%, and 24% of the patients, respectively. Sixty-nine% and 93% of the patients were differentiated type and HER2 3+ by IHC, respectively. Median baseline CEA and CA19-9 levels were 5.6 ng/ml and 91.6 U/ml, respectively. Median PFS was 9.5 months (95% CI: 5.5-13.5) and median OS was not reached, respectively. Overall response rate by RECIST was 64%. In the univariate analysis, lower CEA levels were associated with longer PFS (HR: 0.42 [95%CI: 0.20-0.91], p = 0.024). In addition, lower CA19-9 levels were also associated with longer PFS (HR: 0.36 [95%CI: 0.17-0.78], p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, these associations retained significant both in CEA (HR: 0.42 [95%CI: 0.19-0.92], p = 0.03) and CA 19-9 (HR: 0.36 [95%CI: 0.16-0.78], p = 0.010), respectively. No clinical factors were associated with OS. Conclusions: Lower baseline CEA and CA19-9 levels may predict longer PFS.


Pollution caused by industrial waste is a serious problem that can endanger environmental health. One of the pollutants from industrial processes is heavy metal in the form of Cr (VI). Cr (VI) is a form of chromium that has high toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to process Cr (VI), one of which is the use of chitosan-clay film as an adsorbent. Chitosan is an adsorbent that is very abundant in nature and is good for use in the adsorption process of some heavy metals but has a high solubility in acidic pH so the utilization of chitosan adsorbent is limited. This study aims to improve the mechanical stability and resistance of the chitosan film by compositing it with clay and to determine the ability of the chitosan-clay film to absorb Cr (VI) metal ions. Before the stability test, the purity of chitosan was tested using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and the DD value was 80.97% proving the chitosan made had met the standard. The film stability test was carried out by measuring the water absorption (DSA) and tensile strength of the film with various concentrations (2:0.75; 2.5:0.75; 3:0.75) (w/w). Based on the results of the study, the best results were obtained at variations in concentration (3:0.75), namely with a DSA of 142.90% and a tensile strength of 4.434 Mpa. Chitosan-clay adsorbent with the best stability test results was analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) test to determine the structure and morphology, resulting in a film with larger and homogeneous pores. Furthermore, the adsorbent was applied in the adsorption process using a fixed bed reactor system by varying the concentration of waste 20, 30, and 40 mg/L and sampling time to 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The best metal ion removal efficiency of Cr (VI) was 89.92% with an initial concentration of 40 mg/l to a final concentration of 4.0327 mg/L at 30 minutes.


Many important advances have been made in recent years in the development of engines for V/STOL aircraft. In this paper, the application of V/STOL power plants currently being developed by Bristol Siddeley Engines is discussed, including the Pegasus vectored thrust engine that has been undergoing bench and flight development in the Hawker P.1127 strike/reconnaissance aircraft for four years and advanced developments designed to power V/STOL strike aircraft. The Pegasus engine is also suited to power V/STOL transport aircraft and the final section of the paper is devoted to this topic. First, the STOL transport aircraft is considered, where the combination of the deflected thrust capability of the Pegasus-type engine with wing/flap boundary-layer control gives extremely short airfield performance. The VTOL transport is then discussed including the development of lightweight lift engines for this application, and finally future vectored thrust engines are considered.


The article is devoted to cultural approach in teaching World Art Culture considered, cultural model of studies Humanities and Aesthetic discipline presented, the content of levels integration, technology and methods of educational activity outlined.


Some substituted anthraquinones and anthrones were tested as regards their action on laccase excretion by Pleurotus sajor caju. Electrophoretic anaiysis showed that different isozymes were produced by the fungus in the presence of different compounds. Also other modifications into the culture media were studied, such as tlte degradation of anthraquinones and anthrones as a function of the time. Hydroxy-substituted anthraquinones and anthrones are widespread in nature, often as the corresponding glycosides (1,2). Moreover, some anthraquinone and anthrone derivatives are important as dyestuff intermediates and can be found as water-soluble pollutants in certain industrial wastewaters. Although the biogenesis of natural anthraquinones and/or anthrones is known (1'2)' the knowledge about their enzymatic degradation by micro-organisms is quite poor. For this reason, we have selected a strain of Pleurotus sajor'caju $ries) Singe., "apati" of growing fast on several phenolics, to check its ability to grow on ana to degiade the above mentioned compounds. It is well known that Pleurotu., spf. often respond to the presence of phenolics in the culture media with the excretion of a soluble laccas" (p-diphenol : oxygen oxidoreductase, EC | .r0.3 .2) (3,4). For this reason, the fungus was cultured in the presence of some hydroxy-substituted anthraquinones and anthrones, thai behave as true phenolics, and also in the presence ofanthraquinone sulfonic acids, that are cunently used as dyestuffintermediates. Also other substances, not belonging to the two classes under study, were tested to get a comparison with true or putative laccase inducers. The laccase production versus time ii the presence of these substances was monitored, as well as the degradation of the same compounds. In certain cases, other enzymes, possibly involved in anthraquinone and/or anthrone metabolism were searched. The ability ofthe fungus to grow fast and to fruit was also evaluated.


PURPOSE: A method for forming a self-aligned contact of a semiconductor device is provided to enhance the productivity of a semiconductor device by using a difference between etching selective ratio of an SEG(Selective Epitaxial Growth) layer and an interlayer dielectric to perform easily a self-aligned contact process. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of word line is formed on a semiconductor substrate(11). An SEG layer(23) is formed on a contact region between the word lines. An air gap(21) is formed on the non-contact region by forming an interlayer dielectric(25) as a PECVD(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) oxide layer on the whole surface including a non-contact region between the word lines. A contact hole(27) for exposing the SEG layer is formed by etching the interlayer dielectric.


In this article, we discuss some advanced results in the theory of martingales and their application in operations research and management science. These results include (i) martingale inequalities, (ii) martingale limit theorem, and (iii) the optional stopping theorem. We also present a brief discussion on martingales with continuous parameter. This is a continuation of the articles Discrete-Time Martingales and Continuous-Time Martingales.

Keywords:

martingale;
martingale inequalities;
martingale convergence theorem;
optional stopping;
Brownian motion


Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are powerful generative models that have led to breakthroughs in image generation. The aim of our work is to adapt the idea of GANs to the graph data based on fMRI, which can solve the issue of limited data and improve the classification performance in the domain of the Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. In this work, we present a data augmentation method that generates synthetic graph data with the proposed graph generation model named α-GCNGAN, which is able to handle the intrinsic challenge of generating brain network with considering flexible context-structure. Extensive experiments on Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of α-GCNGAN.


A starting point in a development of a new application is the identification of an end-user problem that further is translated by developers and application stakeholders into usage assumptions. In this paper, the reason to use acceptability attributes while developing the mobile application assumptions instead of usability goals as a communication means between technical people and system stakeholders is argued. Further, the acceptability attributes are related to specific mobile technology features extracted from successful mHealth examples and stakeholder expectations. This relation facilitates the process of expressing new product assumptions in order to gain an advantage of mobile interaction. One of the sources that generalize understanding of mobile interaction benefits is the PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) research. Another source -- examples of innovative projects extracted performing literature study. The crystallized PwC principles of successful mHealth projects, mobile health stakeholder expectations and innovative mobile interaction examples are integrated augmenting traditional system acceptability attributes with specific mobile interaction context.


Background The relevant elements to evaluate health states in RA should include [ref]: a) Remission according to the new criteria of ACR/EULAR b) A criterion representing good functional ability: HAQ≤0.5 and HAQ deterioration≤0.25 c) A criterion representing structural damage: absence of progression of the Sharp score over 1 year. The concept of favorable outcome could then be defined by the association of these 3 elements. As remission is highly related to therapeutic decision-making, we may propose an alternative definition of favorable outcome keeping only the last 2 criteria (function and structure). Objectives 1) To describe patients with favorable outcome according to the two definitions (ie using 2 and 3 criteria) at 1 year in early arthritis (EA) in daily clinical practice 2) To assess which variables at baseline are associated with favorable outcome at 1 year. Methods Patients: from the French cohort of EA ESPOIR (at least 2 swollen joints for less than 6 months and suspicion of RA) and treated for at least 3 months with synthetic DMARDs (methotrexate, leflunomide or sulfazalasine) without biotherapy during the first year. Data collected: at baseline, patients characteristics; every 6 months, bio-clinical variables and yearly, X-rays Analysis: The characteristics and health status of patients with favorable outcome at 1 year (according to the two definitions, ie using 2 and 3 criteria) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine which variables at baseline were independently associated with favorable outcome at 1 year according to the two definitions. Results Within the first year of follow-up of 813 EA patients, 457 received at least 3 months of synthetic DMARDs. The mean age of patients was 49±12 years; 74% were women. At 1 year, 65 (15%) were in remission according to the new Boolean ACR/EULAR definition, 267 (61%) had favorable function criterion and 260 (65%) had no structural progression. In all, 157 (39%) presented favorable outcome using the 2 criteria (function+structure) and 44 (11%) presented favorable outcome using the 3 criteria (clinical remission+function+structure). In the logistic regression model, lower symptom duration, lower tender joint count, better perceived health state (EQ5D), and lower Sharp score were associated with favorable outcome using the 2 criteria (function+structure). In the logistic regression model, lower age, being married/in a common-law relationship and lower tender joint count (TJC) were associated with favorable outcome using the 3 criteria (Table). Table 1. Significant determinants of favorable outcome at 1 year in multivariate analysis Definition of favorable outcome Baseline Variable OR [95%CI] 2 criteria: functional ability + structural damage (N=157) Duration (months) 0.95 [0.90; 0.99] TJC 0.96 [0.92; 0.99] EQ-5D 5.31 [2.37; 11.92] VDH Sharp score 0.92 [0.89; 0.96] 3 criteria: clinical remission + functional ability + structural damage (N=44) Duration (months) 0.88 [0.76; 1.01] TJC 0.93 [0.88; 0.99] Age 0.94 [0.91; 0.97] Single 0.40 [0.16; 1.00] Conclusions Favorable outcome appears to be achievable outcome in early RA: its predictors are close to the predictors of other validated outcomes, but favorable outcome may be a more relevant outcome in particular in terms of long-term prediction. Favorable outcome should be further assessed. References Felson DT et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70(3):404-13 Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Coffee fruits are processed by either wet method or dry method at the estate level to obtain the coffee bean. Of these two methods, coffee processing by wet method requires large amount of water and thus generates enormous amount of effluent which needs to be treated extensively before discharge. Currently, the effluent treatment plant (ETP) module developed by Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI) in collaboration with National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) during 1980 is employed for treating the coffee effluent. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recommended CCRI-NEERI ETP module for adoption at the estate level to treat the coffee effluent. In the present investigation, a new method viz., Acidification-Neutralization-Sedimentation-Filtration (ANSF) developed recently by CCRI was evaluated for treating the coffee effluent for four consecutive seasons (2017-2018 to 2020-2021) under field conditions. The results indicated that the BOD reduction by ANSF method is comparatively higher than the BOD reduction by CCRI-NEERI method. Further, ANSF method is relatively simple, as it does not require any chemical (or) biological inputs for treating the coffee effluent, excepting calcium oxide and biochar.


Monitoring of 82 surface water treatment plants revealed that 1.4% of 1,690 100‐L finished water samples tested positive for infectious Cryptosporidium using the cell culture‐polymerase chain reaction). Infectious oocysts were detected in finished water samples from 22 water treatment plants (26.8%). Genotype analysis identified 23 isolates as Cryptosporidium parvum and one isolate as Cryptosporidium hominis. All isolates subgenotyped were shown to be genetically distinct environmental isolates. Analysis of the water quality and treatment plant characteristics showed no differences between the positive and negative sites. More than 70% of the positive samples occurred in filtered water samples of <0.1 ntu, and 20% of the positive samples were in water of <0.05 ntu. There was no association among Cryptosporidium occurrence and source water type, microbial indicators, or plant operation and treatment. It was concluded that given sufficient testing, nearly all conventional treatment plants would be at risk for passing infectious oocysts. Based on this study, the overall risk of Cryptosporidium infection for conventionally treated drinking water was 52 infections/10,000 people/year, with an 80% credible range of 9–119 infections/10,000 people/year. It was also concluded based on these studies that conventional treatment requires an additional treatment barrier, such as ultraviolet light disinfection, to meet the US Environmental Protection Agency risk goals.


The utility model provides a movement device having four degrees of freedom, an x shaft mobile mechanism and an x shaft mobile block are provided on an engine base, the x shaft mobile block is connected with the x shaft mobile mechanism which can drive the x shaft mobile block move along the x shaft; a y shaft mobile mechanism and a y shaft mobile block are provided on the x shaft mobile block, and the y shaft mobile block is connected with the y shaft mobile mechanism which can drive the y shaft mobile block move along the y shaft; a z shaft mobile mechanism and a z shaft mobile block are provided on the y mobile block, the z shaft mobile block is connected with the z shaft mobile mechanism which can drive the z shaft mobile block move along the z shaft; a z shaft rotating mechanism and a z shaft rotating block are provided on the z shaft mobile block, the z shaft rotating block is connected with the z shaft rotating mechanism that can drive the z shaft rotating block rotate around the z shaft. Because of the structure, the utility model has four degrees of freedom of motions along the x shaft, the y shaft, the z shaft and rotating around the z shaft.


The joint surfaces in the computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines play a crucial role in transmitting load and energy in operations. In this paper, a new contact model between rough surfaces of a joint is proposed by considering the influence of surface waviness and substrate deformation. A contact model for a single asperity system is first established, in which the asperity and substrate deformations are calculated based on the Hertz theory. Then, it is extended to an entire rough surface by a statistical method, where the contact of rough surfaces is treated as the contact between a smooth waviness and a rough surface. The numerical results showed that when contact deformation is constant, the real contact area and the normal load of joint surfaces increase with increasing radius of the waviness peak while the normal load decreases with the increase of surface roughness. When a rough surface contains a coating layer or a surface film, the deformation of the joint surface has to consider both substrate deformation and asperity deformation. The substrate deformation will generate larger influence for a stiffer or harder coating. Compared with other models, the results obtained from the proposed model show better agreements with the experimental data.


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Like a violin player that picks up their instrument with the left hand, the Australian cricket always closes the right wing over the left when it begins to call. The insect begins with a chirrup, followed by a train of trilling notes as it makes successive wing movements and


On basis of FMI (Formation MicroImager) data were separated 3 dense beds, considered azimuth and dip angle of those layers between wells indicates increasing net pay when lithologic cube was created for 3D modeling


To determine the content of 10-Hydroxy -2-decenoic acid in Chongcaojing Wangjiang Capsule by HPLC.The column was Discovery C 18 .The detective wavelength was at 209 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.5% phosphoric acid (25∶75) with the flow rate being 1.0 mL/min and the column temperature at 25℃.There was a good linearity (r=1) winthin the range of 0.02144 ~ 0.38592 μg. The average recovery rate was 101.8%, RSD= 1.6%. [Conclusion] This method can be used for the quality control standard of Chongcaojing Wangjiang Capsule.


Nowadays, people are gradually entering the digital information age. The rapid development of information technology has brought great challenges to people's life and work. Now, people are inseparable from this information age. Everywhere in all walks of life, information brings convenience. Gradually, people began to connect computer technology with digital media. The combination of the two made a startling breakthrough. This is also the direction of social development research. Through the breakthrough of computer vision art in digital media art application research, people skillfully use innovative type of computer, combined with the characteristics of digital art, to show digital media art in front of people with more perfect, more innovative products, and the existing technology connection innovation is applied to the extreme. This paper will discuss the application of computer vision art in digital media art, combining computer vision art with digital media art.


OBJECTIVE:To study the process and mechanism of thermal decomposition of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPLX).METHODS:With Al2O3 as reference substance,the samples in nitrogen gas were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermogravimetry(TG),digital thermogravimetry(DTG).The thermal kinetic parameters including the energy of activation(E),pre-exponential factor(A),reaction order(n) and pk value were computed based on the data of the thermal analysis curves.RESULTS:The thermal kinetic parameters were as follows:E=101.18 kJ·mol-1,lnA=26.96 s-,n=1,and pk=7.01,and the storage life of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride under normal temperature was 2 years.CONCLUSION:The thermal analysis method is simple and the result is reliable in the study of thermal decomposition of ciprofloxa-cin hydrochloride.


The present invention provides a high grade electrical steel annealing method, the use of aluminum plate side of the lower end opening of the cylindrical housing, the housing liner 450-550mm thick asbestos insulation board. The coil after coiling temperature of 650-900 ℃ offline immediately placed within the insulation cover, incubated 24-96h; insulation cover is removed, directly after cold rolling natural cooling. The present invention adopts the insulation cover annealing, silicon is often canceled annealing process, thereby shortening the production process of silicon steel, can greatly reduce energy consumption, reduce production costs, and production of high-performance electrical steel grade with the conventional process or less, fully meet the standard requirements of high-grade electrical steel.


Beautifully Ordered Balanced Incomplete Block Designs, BOBIBD(v, k, λ, k1, λ1), are defined and the proof is given to show that necessary conditions are sufficient for the existence of BOBIBD with block size k=3 and k1=2 and for k=4 and k1=2 except possibly for eleven exceptions. Existence of BOBIBDs with block size k=4 and k1=3 is demonstrated for all but one infinite family and the non-existence of BOBIBD(7, 4, 2, 3, 1), the first member of the series, is shown.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined rapid on-site evaluation of cytology (ROSE), ultrathin bronchoscopy, virtual bronchoscopic navigation, radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary infectious lesions. Methods Specimens from patients with peripheral lung infection were obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and mNGS was used to detect pathogenic microorganisms. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS were compared between TBLB tissue and BAL fluid. Results The most common pathogens of pulmonary infectious lesions in this study were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. The specificity of mNGS was higher in TBLB tissue than in BAL fluid, but mNGS of BAL fluid had higher sensitivity. Conclusions The combination of ROSE, ultrathin bronchoscopy, virtual bronchoscopic navigation, radial EBUS, and mNGS technology yielded high efficacy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary infectious lesions. TBLB and BAL specimens have respective advantages in specificity and sensitivity for mNGS analysis.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a column type electric power steering device of compact size, which can be mounted in a vehicle with less reduction of the vehicle interior space.SOLUTION: The column type electric power steering device includes: a steering shaft 11 to which a steering torque is input; an electric motor which outputs an auxiliary torque for assisting the steering torque; a gear reduction mechanism which decelerates and transmits the auxiliary torque to the steering shaft 11; a gear box 33 which houses the gear reduction mechanism; a steering column 12 which encloses the steering shaft 11; and a column cover 15 which is disposed inside a cabin while covering the steering column 12. The gear box 33 includes a housing member for housing the gear reduction mechanism and a cover member for covering an opening of the housing member, which are fastened and integrated together by a bolt and a nut. The housing member of the bear box 33 and the column cover 15 are integrally molded.


Individuals with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) experience the overwhelming burden of treating MCC and frequently disagree with their providers on priorities for care. Aligning self-care with patients' values may improve healthcare for these patients. However, patients' values are not routinely discussed in clinical conversations and patients may not actively share this information with providers. In a qualitative field study, we interviewed 15 patients in their homes to investigate techniques that encourage patients to articulate values, self-care, and how they relate. Study activities facilitated self-reflection on values and self-care and produced varying responses, including: raising consciousness, evolving perspectives, identifying misalignments, and considering changes. We discuss how our findings extend prior work on supporting reflection in HCI and inform the design of tools for improving care for people with MCC.


Introduction:
 Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, EF>50%) syndrome is often associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. Morbidity and mortality in patients with HFpEF are similar to those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, however therapies are scarce. Mouse models used to understand sarcomere dysfunction in HFpEF and to identify new targets are needed. In this study we challenged young mice with volume overload and metabolic perturbations induced by high fat diet (HFD) to harbor the conditions of HFpEF.

 Methods:
 C57BL/6N 16-weeks old female and male mice were treated with subcutaneous pellets of controlled released DOCA (Deoxycorticosterone Acetate, 0.71 mg/d), drinking water with 1% saline and HFD for a period of 3 weeks to induce obesity and mild hypertension. Cardiac function was evaluated at baseline (before treatment) and 2 and 3 weeks after treatment. Body weight, % fat mass, %lean mass, glucose tolerance test, and lipid profile were also evaluated at baseline and 3 weeks after treatment.

 Results (Table): Treatment induced diastolic dysfunction measurable by echocardiography at 3 weeks with slower peak myocardial relaxation velocity (e'), increased peak blood inflow velocity at early diastolic filling E/e' ratio, increased E/A ratio, and increased isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). Meanwhile ejection fraction is preserved. As expected HFD feeding elicited body weight increase with increased fat mass accumulation associated with decreased lean mass, glucose intolerance and hypercholesterolemia.

 Conclusions:
 This study describes a mouse model of HFpEF that only requires 3 weeks of treatment with DOCA, 1% saline drinking water and HFD. This model reproduces the most common comorbidities of HFpEF such as diastolic dysfunction, obesity, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesterolemia, and may be used to understand the molecular pathophysiology of HFpEF.


Objectives: To compare the accuracy of two methods for the manufacturing of physical models: I) intraoral scanning and resin-printed models; and II) addition silicone impression and gypsum model. Materials and methods: A dental manikin was used as the master model and compared with five gypsum models (g1) and five resin printed models (g2) by analyzing linear measurements at four sites (M1, M2, M3, and M4) using an image measuring instrument. The mean values of the experimental models were compared to those of the master model using one-sample t-test. The samples of each group at the same site were compared with an independent t-test. For all tests, a significance level of 5% (0.05) was considered. Results: The confidence intervals from M1, M2, and M4 sites for both gypsum and resin models presented statistically lower linear distance when compared to the reference values. At m3, the mean value for the gypsum models was not statistically different from the reference mean value (p > 0.05); however, resin-printed models presented a statistically different mean value (p < 0.05), as well as lower values of linear distance. Conclusions: When compared to gypsum models, resin- printed models differed greatly from the master model, indicating the need for standardizing the printing protocol, for its variables may influence printed models accuracy.


This paper presents results from using the discrete-time transfer matrix method (DT-TMM) to model flexible robots under feedback control. The DT-TMM is powerful, but not very well known. DT-TMM analysis is very computationally efficient because the dimensions of the transfer matrices remain small regardless of the number of elements in the model. The system transfer matrix for the flexible robot in this paper is 5x5. Further, the DT-TMM can model feedback without using a reduced-order model. While the DT-TMM approach has been verified in the literature by comparing its results to those from other simulation approaches, little if any results have been presented comparing DT-TMM simulations to experiments. This paper compares DT-TMM simulations to experimental results for a single-flexible link robot (SFLR) under four different control cases.


Multiple Helicobacter pylori second‐line schedules have been described as potentially useful. It remains unclear, however, which are the best combinations, and which features of second‐line treatments are related to better cure rates. The aim of this study was to determine that second‐line treatments achieved excellent (>90%) cure rates by performing a systematic review and when possible a meta‐analysis. A meta‐regression was planned to determine the characteristics of treatments achieving excellent cure rates.


The effect of electrical current on the hydrogen incorporation into single crystalline ZnO was investigated. The current-voltage characteristics of single crystalline ZnO were measured as a function of the electrical conductivity of ZnO. The electrical current of ZnO was significantly increased at the second sweep of voltages when the electrical conductivity of ZnO was higher than 0.32S∕cm. A depth profiling analysis of ZnO by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry indicated that the hydrogen atoms were incorporated to form hydrogen-related donors, such as a substitutional hydrogen (HO) and an interstitial hydrogen (Hi), which resulted in an increase in the donor concentration of ZnO.


The feasibility of using carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of sediment organic matter (OM) to elucidate the source and fate of bottom sediment was studied in the Solina Reservoir (south-east Poland). Horizontal and vertical changes in OM, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content, as well as δ15N and δ13C values, in bottom sediments were analysed to establish the extent to which these sediments are terrestrial or internal in origin. Increased proportions of TOC along with slight decreases in TN were noted in the surface layer of shallow water sediment compared with the profundal sites. Upstream shallower C : N and δ15N values amounted to ~15 and ~2‰, respectively, pointing to the allochthonous origin of the OM. In turn, profundal C : N ratios of less than 10 and δ15N values of ~4‰ indicated autochthonous sediment. Values for δ13C did not differ between stations and ranged from –27.39 to –27.66‰. It is therefore suggested that the sediment from the upper shallower stations contains more allochthonous, refractory OM, whereas the profundal stations have planktonic OM enriching the sediment. This combined with the vertical distribution observed for δ15N signalled an intensification of eutrophication over the past few years.


In an electron microscopy study of lymph nodes from syphilitic rabbits plasmablasts and plasma cells were unequivocally identified in germinal centres. Up to 20% of the plasma cells possessed unusual cytological features. Paracortical hypoplasia was shown to be associated with actively phagocytic histiocytes. These findings may reflect morphological correlates of the aberrant immune regulation which has been observed in infection with Treponema pallidum.


The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) and (II), which are pyran-2-ones, 5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones, 4-HIDROXIBENZOPIRAN-2-ones, 4-hydroxy-cycloalkyl [B ] pyran-2-ones, and derivatives thereof useful for inhibiting a retrovirus in a mammalian cell infected with said retrovirus, WHERE R {SUB 10} YR {SUB 20} taken together are formula (III) Y (IV).


This article summarises the recent pattern of census taking in Europe. It describes the progress made since the late 1960s by the Statistical Office of the European Community to improve international comparability of census statistics. (EXCERPT)


An organic thin-film memcapacitive device, based on a partially covered organic semiconducting layer and a polymer electret charge trapping layer, is achieved. The device has a large number of capacitive states, with the effects of analog modulation upon writing and nonvolatile memory upon reading. A comprehensive physical model related to the tuning of the carrier accumulation threshold in the device is established to elaborate its memcapacitive characteristics. The memcapacitive device could be a good candidate as an organic thin-film electronic synapse with ultralow static power.


A maximum power point tracking control (MPPT) is used for a photovoltaic (PV) system in order to maximize the output power irrespective of the temperature and irradiation conditions and of the load electrical characteristics. In this paper, we consider a photovoltaic panel supplying a battery. For maximizing its output power, we have used a boost DC/DC converter controlled by a PI regulator. The synthesis of this regulator parameters has been achieved by using Bode method. For having a transfer function of the system, we have used a small signal modeling. Theoretical and simulated results are presented. Experimental results are conclusive.


In this study, a fiber optic air-backed mandrel hydrophone has been constructed and performance of acoustic signal detection has been measured. The hydrophone is based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with 35 m of sensing fiber. The sensitivity is measured up to -128 dB re rad/$\mu$ Pa in range from 1.4 kHz to5 kHz. A system with this design of hydrophone may be applied to detect low frequency underwater acoustic signals.


The utility model discloses a human body infrared induction energy-saving lamp and aims to provide a lamp which can switch on or off according to the light brightness or human indoor activity and consequentially realizes the energy saving purpose. A first thermoelectric infrared sensor, a second thermoelectric infrared sensor and a photoresistor are connected with the signal input end of an infrared thermoelectric signal processor, the control signal output end of the infrared thermoelectric signal processor is respectively connected with the control signal input ends of the first thermoelectric infrared sensor and the second thermoelectric infrared sensor, the signal output end of the infrared thermoelectric signal processor is connected with the signal input end of a lamp light controller, the control signal output end of the lamp light controller is connected with an enabled control end of a data distributor, and the output end of the data distributor is connected with an illumination lamp through a D/A converter. The human body infrared induction energy-saving lamp can automatically switch on and off, realizes the energy saving purpose and avoids the switch finding situation at night and is convenient in use.


A photocurable mesogenic monomer was mixed into ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) in which dipole moments of carbonyl groups are the main source of the spontaneous polarization, and then polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (PSFLC) cells were fabricated. The effect of polymer stabilization on the spontaneous polarization of FLC was researched by analyzing the hindered rotational motion of the carbonyl groups measured using a polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Although the degree of hindrance increases due to the polymer stabilization, the polymer stabilization rather strongly influences the tilt angle of FLC molecules which is in proportion to the spontaneous polarization.


CONTENTS Introduction § 1. Theorems on the convex hulls of the rearrangements of a vector (finite-dimensional case) § 2. The eigen- and singular values of the sum and product of matrices § 3. Two theorems on symmetric gauge functions § 4. Theorems on the convex hulls of the rearrangements of a vector (infinite-dimensional case) § 5. The eigen- and singular values of the sum and product of completely continuous operators References


The present study aims to analyse the human perceptions and adaptations to recurrent devastating flash floods in Khyber Agency, FATA. The study is mainly based on both primary data sources including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussions supported by secondary data sources. Three hundred adult residents in five sample villages along Chora River and its tributaries were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which covered approximately 20% of the total households. Respondents' perceptions were investigated about the occurrence of flash floods, flood damages, nature of affinity towards flood prone areas and adaptation strategies. Cartographic and statistical techniques were applied to process and analyze the data. As a result, the data were analytically discussed and presented in the form of tables, maps and plates. The analysis reveals that people of the area perceived about the recurrence of future flash floods during rainy season. Most of the people perceived the flash floods as it hit the study area with devastating impacts and the extent of flood damages. In spite of flood risk, the level of affinity towards living in the flood prone area was found high among the community as they have blood ties with the land, kith and kinship. In the study area, people had adopted various flood mitigation strategies to reduce the devastating impacts of flash floods. However, the resident had greater motivations and concern on socio-economic factors rather than adjustments to frequent flash flood.


The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a dental suprastructure, the suprastructure having a main body and at least one integrated spacer, the superstructure being configured to connect the main body to an osseointegrated dental implant via the at least one spacer, and wherein the method is procurement of stereo data relating to a dental situation of a patient, and the specification of information of stereo data in the form of position, dimensions, angle and / or shape of the at least one spacer.


Protein mean and variance levels in a simple stochastic gene expression circuit are controlled using proportional integral feedback. It is shown that the protein mean level can be globally and robustly tracked to any desired value using a simple PI controller that satisfies explicit sufficient conditions. Controlling both the mean and variance requires on the other hand the use of an additional control input, chosen here as the mRNA degradation rate. Local robust tracking of mean and variance is proved to be achievable using multivariable PI control, provided that the reference point satisfies necessary conditions imposed by the system. Even more importantly, it is shown that there exist PI controllers that locally, robustly and simultaneously stabilize all the admissible equilibrium points. Simulation examples illustrate the results.


The discretization errors that affect the accuracy of the calculated torque of a switched reluctance machine (SRM) from its finite-element solution are examined. A significant improvement in the accuracy of the computed flux density and torque fan be obtained with a reasonably fine mesh in the air gap by selecting properly shaped and uniform triangular elements. The computed torque/angle characteristic will be smooth and accurate when the proper mesh model is preserved as the rotor is rotated. A reasonably accurate value of the torque can be obtained from three different methods: the global virtual work method, the Maxwell stress-tensor method, and the Coulomb virtual work method. The computed torque/angle characteristics of a 4 kW SRM are generated from the three methods. The computed characteristics are checked against the measured torque/angle characteristics. >


In this modern era, social network has become one of the primary sources of instant information. Identifying influential nodes which play a vital role in spreading information across maximum number of nodes in a quick time is very important problem. Vast majority of the work done in this field has investigated techniques for finding the most influential nodes and maximize the spread of information. Yet so far, the timing aspect, namely, the time at which the information needs to be seeded for effective information spread has not been sufficiently addressed. In this work we revisit this problem of scheduled information seeding through minimum distance clustering and try to demonstrate its efficiency with the help of simulation. The discussed algorithm increases the rate of information spread across the social network by 19% from the previously proposed algorithm. This approach has a wide range of application in social networks, where network topology is either static or is dynamically changing.


Abstract Up until the late eighteenth century, the economic understanding of the Ottoman elite was based on the worldview of the scholars of the Madrasah system. The first Ottoman treatises in modern economics began to be written in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, close to 300 years after the emergence of the subject during the Mercantilist era. The nineteenth century witnessed a gradual increase in economic analyses, together with the introduction of the subject in various institutions of higher education. However, a breakthrough in the development of economic thinking in the country had to wait until the foundation of the Republic in 1923, the emergence of the journal Kadro and the establishment of Istanbul University a decade later. This article traces the emergence and development of economics in the Ottoman Empire and in the first decade and a half of the Turkish Republic.


Purpose: To describe the clinical features of a 57-year-old female with palindromic rheumatism and a 15-year history of chloroquine use and bilateral vision loss. Methods: Ophthalmological examination, including ultrawide field (UWF) fundus images (Optomap-200TX) and cross-sectional retinal scans obtained with Zeiss spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA, HD-5000, Angioplex), was performed. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60 in both eyes. Ultrawide field fundus images revealed a ring-shaped area of pericentral and paracentral mottling of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), vascular attenuation, and loss of foveal reflex bilaterally. The SD-OCT showed obvious thinning in the outer retina, loss of the photoreceptor inner/outer segment junction corresponding to the location of the hypofluorescent lesion in the macular inferior temporal area, as well as a granular appearance of the RPE. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed the integrity of the superficial capillary plexus in both eyes, but the deep capillary plexus and the choriocapillaris layer detailed the loss of vasculature and the hyperreflective lesions located pericentrally. Multifocal central electroretinogram diminished in both the eyes. Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography angiography is able to show alterations produced by chloroquine toxicity. New technologies, such as UWF imaging and OCTA, could be suitable alternatives for screening and follow-up of chloroquine retinopathy.


Transformation Optics (TO) has enabled new methodologies for the design and specification of gradient-index (GRIN) lenses for radio-frequency and optical applications by linking refractive index gradients to a mathematically equivalent change in geometry in an alternative (virtual) space. In this work, concepts from classical optical lens design are interpreted through TO. This is demonstrated by employing the quasi-conformal transformation optics (qTO) approach combined with a powerful global optimization algorithm and a custom ray-tracer well suited for the characterization of optical lenses with arbitrary 2D and 3D gradient index (GRIN) profiles.


How does a parent company organizational dimension affect its joint ventures' performance in a transitional economy? We explored that question through an analytical inductive case study. Our findings indicate that the confluence of a function-oriented matrix form and lack of formal procedures at the strategic level led to a fief-like organization in which its functional departments hold high power and low accountability while its JVs' management team hold low power but high accountability. Such a fief-like organizational parent makes a negative contribution to its JV performance by adding difficulty to its JV formal control, introducing department-driven opportunism through imposing inside hierarchical goals upon its JV, leading to a low opportunism control efficacy as the result of the separation of opportunism beneficiary from the costs. The negative contribution from the fief-like organization is due to its organizational injustice and a reverse arrangement between authority power and accountability.


1. Abstract The growing diffusion of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) in the Western world on the one hand, and the major role of English as the language of scientific communication and international exchange on the other, have led to the need for accuracy and standardization in the English terminology of Chinese medical concepts. The complexity of Chinese medical language, not only due to the innumerable quantity of ideograms, but above all to their correct interpretation and to the philosophical foundations which TCM is based upon, has raised several debates among linguists, translators and physicians. One of the main issues concerns the approach to be adopted in the translation of Chinese terms into the English language. More precisely, a source-oriented choice, and in particular that which makes use of loan-translations, is claimed to respect the integrity of the original Chinese concepts and to present them as they come into native people's mind. On the other hand, a target-oriented method, which basically turns out to be a westernization of Chinese concepts, makes TCM easier to understand for the international medical community. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part investigates the literal translation in particular that suggested by the English sinologist and linguist Nigel Wiseman as a form of source-oriented approach in the translation


Introduction Diffusion MRI using a conventional Stejskal-Tanner spin-echo (DW-SE) sequence remains one of the best approaches in the rodent central nervous system (CNS) due to its unrivaled image quality and ease of use. Since SE sequences are hindered by lengthy scan times, a diffusion weighted multiple spin-echo (DW-MSE) variation has been introduced. In this design, images from multiple echoes are combined in order to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) without increasing the imaging duration (Fig. 1). However, images combined using complex data can suffer from artifacts caused by phase variations resulting from the imperfect 180-pulse, diffusion weighting and physiological motion, whereas images combined using magnitude values suffer from non-gaussian noise distributions that can alter the diffusion measurements. This is especially the case seen in the in vivo spinal cord images due to the profound respiratory motion induced phase variation (Fig. 2). Herein, we demonstrate the advantages of combining DW-MSE images using appropriately phased absorption-mode image that eliminates phase artifacts and noise correlations of traditional DW-MSE.


Leg ulcers are not a disease themselves, they are a symptom of a disease. To manage them properly, finding the correct diagnosis of the disease is mandatory. Our case is a model to underline that leg ulcers are a significant burden for the patient, because leg ulcer got ahead of the patient's other serious complaints such as Raynaud's phenomenon or sclerodactyly. Furthermore, our patient is also a model, and an attentive clinical evaluation is inevitable to find the correct diagnosis. We present our case aiming to underline the significance of full dermatologic examination in each ulceration to discover underlying disease.


Objective To observe the significance of watering tube with normal saline during transfusion in preventing from drugs' bad interactions. Methods Totally 60 cases with acute upper respiration infection accepted transfusion were randomly divided into two groups. The study group ( n = 30) were performed watering tube with normal saline during transfusion. The control group (n = 30 ) were done with general transfusion nursing. All the subjects were observed about appearance changes of drugs together in Murphy's tube and recorded side-effects and clinical efficacy. At the same time, the satisfactions about transfusion were investigated and compared. Results The probability of appearance change in Murphy's tube in the study group (0.0%)showed significantly lower than that in the control group(30.0% ,P 0. 05). The satisfactions about transfusion,the drug dispensation and transfusion technology in the study group showed significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0. 05 or 0. 01 ). Conclusions The way of watering tube with normal saline during transfusion has some advantage in preventing from drugs' bad interactions. It may be used skillfully during clinical transfusion.

Key words:
Normal saline; Watering tube; Transfusion technology; Drugs' bad interaction; Transfusion nursing


Guard Coverage Localization uses transmitters to help gauge the location of a particular node in a specific determined area. It is preferable to other localization methods because of the low cost and high reliability. Guard Coverage Localization lends itself to be robust. It can handle both static and dynamically changing areas. Lending itself to be of practical in many military and civilian applications.


By visiting to farmers、farmer workers and investigating about Henan rural areas on the spot,the author know that circumstances of countryside in Henan,press of new rural in Henan.Furthermore pointing out methods about construction of new rural in Henan.This is a systemic project which needs common efforts of all aspects.


Protocormn-like bodies of D. Candidum was used as material, the experiment studied on effects of different sucrose concentration of intermittent feed on accumulation of polysaccharides during the culture times, as well as the dynamic change of accumulation of polysaccharides in D. Candidum and sucrose consumption in liquid culture media were discussed, the results showed that: intermittent feed 5 g/L sucrose after 20 d culturing was benefited to the accumulation of polysaccharides, and the dry weight, contents of polysaccharides, production of polysaccharides reached to their maximum of 16.02 g/L, 300 mg/g, 4 805.85 mg/L.During the whole culture times, sucrose use efficiency was the best, and protocormns activity was the strongest.


Youcef Bot, Ahmed Allali, Mouloud Denai, 'Distribution Network Voltage Unbalance Control under High Penetration of Single-Phase Photovoltaic Microgeneration', paper presented at the 1st EAI International Conference on Smart Grid Inspired Future Technologies, Liverpool, UK, 19-20 May, 2016.


Function point elements are metrics to measure the size of software projects. This article investigates the relationship among function point elements using principle component analysis. Principle component analysis reveals the relationship of different function point elements such that they may be measuring the same attribute of a software project. Therefore, principle component analysis brings out the influence of a function point element over each other. Principle component analysis can help to integrate the function point elements. Function Point elements have attracted much attention in the software research and development industry. Ever since function point were introduced by IBM in 70's their nature, behaviour, impact, distribution and correlation have been studied by the software researchers and the software practitioners. The idea behind function points is to standardize the measurement of the various software functions to estimate the software development effort which is independent of the computer language, development methodology, technology and the capability of the team developed the software. The International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) was founded in the late 80s and is a membership governed, non-profit organization committed to promoting and supporting function point analysis and other software measurement techniques. There have been various releases of the Function Point by the International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) which includes release 'Counting Practice Manual - 4.2' release. It is critical to understand the relationship of the function point elements with other components of software projects; for example software quality, software reliability, software defects and testing requirements. Similarly, it is essential to understand the relationship of function point elements with each other. The degree of influence of a function point element over other elements shows that the function point element may be measuring the same attribute of a software project which other function point elements are measuring. Furthermore, based on this relationship, a function point element can be predicted from other function point elements. Previous studies (1-3) discussed the relationships among function point elements. This paper further extends this discussion and use principle component analysis to investigate the relationship of function point elements. The paper is organized in the following way: Section 2 discusses the function point elements, Section 3 describes the dataset used for the principle component analysis, Section 4 presents the principle component analysis of the function point elements and Section 5 draws some conclusions.


Berkeep is a naturally fermented yoghurt-like milk product consumed as common food in parts of the Darfur State, Western Sudan. Its production and consumption derive much food security and economic benefits to the rural people in the region. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize yeasts of Berkeep by both conventional and molecular-based methods. A total of 220 yeast isolates, were obtained from 75 samples of Berkeep from three production sites namely, Elkoumah, Manwashy and Kass in Darfur state, were purified then characterized to species level by molecular tools. Based on ITS-PCR using the forward primer Cy5-Y-ITS1 and reverse primer Y-ITS4, the isolates were screened into five groups. Representative of each group was selected for sequence analysis of ITS rRNA gene. The gene sequence was subjected to nucleotide BLAST. The yeast microbiota of Berkeep was dominated by Kluyveromyces marxianus (YG4, 85 isolates) which showed 100% homology towards Kluyveromyces marxianus isolate QKM4. 14.54% (32 isolates), Sixty-eight (Group YG5) identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed 97.22% homology towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate JKSP39. Group YG3 revealed 100% homology towards Pichia kudriavzevii isolate Sugarcane. Eleven isolates, (YG2) showed 99.37% homology towards Pichia kudriavzevii strain YS179. The twenty-four isolates of group, (YG1) recorded 99.70% similarity towards Candida intermedia isolate B-NC-12-f 16i. Very minute variation was observed with in the three production sites concerning the yeast count and type of yeast species.


Among research strategies for detecting relevant psychological variables which play a role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatuc stress disorder (PTSD), exposition to violent images is currently used in studies with normal population. This is an indirect approach to the study of PTSD phenomenology and the processes of adaptation to a traumatic stressor. The aim of the present paper is to explore whether or not this procedure can manipulate two of the core aspects of PTSD: (1) psychophysiological hyperactivation, and (2) anxiety trait as PTSD moderator variable. A group of high trait anxiety female subjects (N=15) and a group of low trait anxiety female subjects (N=15) were exposed to a series of videotaped scenes containing heterosexual rape situations. There were two expositions with a period of one week between them. Psychophysiological indexes (heart rate, skin conductance and respiration) and self-report measures related to PTSD


The problem of the classification of social class has long been a thorny one in sociological research. This is particularly so where there is any attempt to make empirical research reflect theoretical debates. In particular, the use of census classifications and social class scales has been fraught with difficulties. Is there, then, any sense, or indeed any circumstances, in which such classifications can be used as an indication of class in an empirical investigation? Indeed, how much difference does it make what scales are used? These problems are the central preoccupation of this paper. The discussion begins with a brief review of the theoretical approaches to the topic of class to be found in sociological theory. Then a number of commonly used occupational classifications are outlined. Finally, the results of a case study of school-leavers, and their occupational choices, are used to illustrate the use of four scales derived from different theoretical perspectives.


Social connectivity concepts and modelling techniques have informed built environmental design practices for centuries, even if tacitly so. Villages, cities and buildings are habitats housing social networks that confi gure social encounters. Questions on how the city and the building infl uence social and psychological behaviour and vice versa have been the focus of much theoretical discussion in recent years. Increasingly, social network analysis and space syntax analysis are used to explain how the city plan and the building plan confi gure social encounters. These techniques are empirical and can be used predictively for design research and development purposes. However, few have attempted to integrate these modelling techniques. The special focus of this paper is on integrating network modelling techniques to benefi t built environmental design research practices concerned with habitat housing social connectivity to promote social well-being. The positive results of a test comparing space syntax calculation methods and social network analysis calculation methods are presented. A brief discussion of recent habitat regeneration initiatives in Tirana, Albania suggests the vast potential for further research integrating social network analysis concepts and modelling techniques to measure design performance.


We present a technique to mount single-crystalline silicon thin films on arbitrary substrates. We demonstrate in detail the preparation of a 190-nm-thin silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) on a silicon-on-insulator film lifted from its substrate and bonded to quartz. Functioning of this hybrid MOSFET on a rigid surface at room temperature is demonstrated.


TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (ONFC) with charged carboxyl groups is introduced for the efficient exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) MoS2/graphene composites. As an effective dispersant agent, ONFC can be easily absorbed between the adjacent layers, so as to prevent the accumulation of the exfoliated nanosheets. With the assistance of charged ONFC, the exfoliated MoS2/graphene is gradually increased in the aqueous dispersions with the elongated sonication time. After dewatering, self-standing MoS2/Graphene/ONFC/CNTs composite films are rationally constructed using ONFC as flexible fibrous skeleton, and CNTs/graphene as 1D/2D interpenetrating electrical networks. Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets anchored on the 1D/2D heterogeneous networks is directly acted as an ideal paper-anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) without using traditional metallic current collector. The self-standing flexible electrode materials based on natural cellulose will promote the future green electronics with high flexibility, miniaturization, and increased portability.


In vitro shoot formation and cost of multiplication of pineapple cultured on liquid MS medium of different strengths (0.5x, 1.0x, 1.5x, 2.0x) enriched with sucrose at 20 g/L and Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 2.0 mg/L were compared at different pH adjustments (5.0, 5.5, 6.5) and different volumes of medium dispensed per culture (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ml) after two months of incubation. Highest shoot formation (10 shoots) obtained in doubled strength MS (2.0x) adjusted to pH 5.0 and dispensed at 7 ml per culture. Lowest rate (2 shoots) obtained in half strength MS (0.5x) adjusted to pH 5.5 and 6.5 and dispensed at volume larger than 4 ml per culture. Doubled strength MS adjusted to pH 5.0 and dispensed at 4 ml resulted in the highest total shoot per liter (6750 shoots) at total cost of $64.85 per liter of medium and lowest cost per shoot (0.92 cents) while adjusting the same medium to pH 5.5 and pH 6.5 resulted in low total shoots (4500 and 3750 shoots) and doubled the cost per shoot, (1.54 and 1.85 cents) respectively. Half strength MS (0.5x) adjusted to pH 5.0 and dispensed at 7 ml per culture resulted in lowest total shoots (429 shoots) and highest cost per shoot (8.3 cents). Assessment of different treatment based on total shoots and cost per liter of medium and cost per shoot is very practical for management of commercial multiplication protocol than shoot formation per explant. Selection of pH adjustment in accordance with the medium strength in hand and the intended volume to be dispensed per culture was very crucial for higher rate and lowest cost of in vitro multiplication.


Abrupt increases and decreases in mean seasonal and annual stream NO3- concentrations during the period of record (1983−1995) at Biscuit Brook, a headwater stream in the Catskill Mountains of New York, have provided an opportunity to study the biogeochemical processes that control NO3- movement through forested watersheds. The Catskills receive the highest rate of NO3- deposition in the New York and New England region of the United States, and many streams have measurable NO3- concentrations throughout the growing season. Correlations between deposition and stream NO3- concentrations are not statisti cally significant. Stream NO3- concentrations are positively correlated with mean annual air temperature, suggesting that on a year-to-year basis rates of N mineralization and nitrification rather than deposition or vegetation uptake are the primary factors controlling nitrogen leaching from forests where nitrogen in excess of the biological demand is available. Results from nitrification and stable isotope s...


As the cradle of teachers,normal universities emphasize the fostering of teachers' professional ethics among students.As a part of the big division of work in society,teaching is an occupation with unique characteristics: students' individual diversities,varied job content,long period of work,etc.In social transformation period,the professional consciousness education of normal students should be reinforced and their employment thought be consolidated to produce more qualified people's teachers for the future education.


The paper discusses the re-engineering of "Patient Flow" and "Billing" processes at the Western Sydney Area Health Service. Western Sydney Area Health Service (WSAHS or the Area) is a large public health institution under the state government of New South Wales, situated in the western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. WSAHS provides health care to a patient base of 1.4 million people. Total capacity is 2000 beds. It employs over 10000 staff and has an operating budget of $A900 million per year. Despite achieving productivity gains of 10% per year over the last seven years (1991-98), the waiting lists have continued to grow. Being dependent on public funding, the Area had to find a more dramatic approach than the TQM methods to date. Of the several options considered, the business process reengineering (BPR) approach of the US Military Health Services, and the Mayo Clinic Scottsdale's effort of multi-disciplinary technique to implement organisational changes seemed particularly attractive. It was therefore decided to embark upon a BPR project to reengineer the Patient Flow and Billing processes. The benefits to the Western Sydney Area Health Service are significant. First there is greatly enhanced service to the patient. Then there is improvement in relationship with the patients, and with the visiting medical officers. Finally there is a major improvement in the cash flow and bad debt recovery.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in the etiological assessment of a persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD). While the utility of imaging in COVID‐19‐related OD has yet to be established, MRI is recommended in all patients with persistent OD. The high prevalence of the latter after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection means evaluating this strategy is an important public health matter.


The Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy's engrossing tale of multifarious issues, The God of Small Things (1997) unravels the cultural scenario of mid-twentieth century Kerala society. The patriarchal, gender and castebiased, politically sensitized and manipulated society is constructed employing cinematic techniques such as flash backs and flash forwards, 'cut', montage, 'Phantasy', etc. Dichotomy of power structures existing everywhere finds expression in this sad tale of untold miseries. This article focuses on the cultural artefacts/ practices such as food habits, music, cinema, education, family prestige, and colonial hangover which split the society into two – the powerful and its binary, the powerless. Her brilliant and unique method of presentation of these issues utilizing the techniques of film making is closely examined in this paper. In myriad ways, Roy brings out alive Kerala's composite culture and power struggles even within families which are microcosms of society.


During the years of economic crisis and austerity, and the subsequent economic growth dependent on real estate and tourism, housing has returned into the spotlight on the political agenda in Southern European countries and cities, where activists and social movements scaled up their struggles and created bridges with institutional actors, fostering policy change. The latter, however, did not happen in Italy. In this article, based on exploratory case study research carried out in the city of Turin, we present three themes that help explain what we call the 'absent politicization' of housing in Italy during the last decade: a multi-actor, multilevel housing policy capable of defusing specific problems; the absence of bridges between politicized and institutional actors; and the role played by party-politics, with attention to 'populist' Movimento 5 Stelle in power in Turin. By focusing on differences with Southern Europe, we contribute to overcoming dichotomies that have long dominated comparative housing studies; and contribute to linking housing studies with contentious urban politics in the post-crisis years.


The feasibility of a program to insure farmers against losses due to economic growth is explored. Adjustment problems in agriculture are similar to those of other sectors. The feasibility of a general compensation policy to insure farmers against losses due to economic progress is questioned on practical and theoretical grounds.


This article discusses the importance of keeping a reader's diary in the process of creative approach to shaping the reading culture of primary school students, developing their reading and writing skills, and developing connected speech


Through the use of fluorescence‐based polymerase chain reaction systems, a highly discriminating multiplex with the potential for individual identification has been developed. The use of multiple dye technology enabling loci with overlapping size ranges to be co‐amplified has enabled us to successfully amplify seven tetranucleotide short tandem repeat loci within a single reaction in a discriminating power in the region of 1 × 109. Three out of the seven loci employed exhibit alleles differing in size by only 2 bp as opposed to the conventional 4 bp, which results in such loci being more powerful in terms of distinguishing between samples, particularly when co‐amplified in this manner. The size ranges of the loci contained within the system are such that windows still exist for the inclusion of additional loci at a later stage, which could increase the discriminating power of the system still further. In addition, further weight and utility is lent to the system through the incorporation of a simple and reliable sex test involving the amplification of a segment of the X–Y homologous gene Amelogenin.


Intercultural communication has gradually become a universal phenomenon between nations.It requires people to conduct a good command of cultures,languages,beliefs,etc.basically,the right use of words,or meaning deficiency will come out during this process.This paper preliminarily deals with poor translations concerning words to illustrate the fact,then makes readers take a general view of it.


The media are making us live under the influence of information about the full gamut of risks, which are present all over the world. We perceive uncertainty according to our own culture, but we are also conditioned buy the acquired cultural sum o risk experiences, be they close or remote, recent or past. In an emergency situation, the information offered by the media is usually monopolized by the social interest awakened by potential risks and actual disasters. It is also true that we normally perceive such events according to how the media present them. Form this we can infer that we perceive and interpret uncertainty independently of whether or not we are immersed in an emergency situation. Or capacity for feeling insecurity as we survey our world is therefore bound to be with us for a long time.


The essence of governmental behaviour civilization is the govemmental modernization,which in turn is the government development and administrative deveiopmenL As a kind of abstract actions of government,the expansion of administrative power can be sorted as good ones and poor ones,which embodies the necessity and the artificialness of the expansion of administrative power.This paper holds that a sound expansion of administrative power' reflects the need of the social development whose essence is government development and administrative development.It's result is the administrative capacity increase and the quantity of what the admmistration can do.Thus,the sound expansion of administrative power embodies the essence of governmental behavior civilization and the development of its connotation.


Introduction : In chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) unresponsive to anti H1-histamines, national recommendations propose omalizumab, which is not always promptly available. Thus, other treatments should be discussed. In this context, we have analysed efficacy and safety of cyclosporine and possible relations between characteristics of urticaria and response to cyclosporine. Material and Methods : Retrospective study of CSU patients from a department of dermatology treated with cyclosporine (2010-2016). We evaluated the demographic and clinic-laboratorial parameters, doses, treatment duration, follow-up, side effects and efficacy, using the weekly urticarial activity score 7 (UAS7). Statistical significance was considered for p < 0.05. Results : We evaluated 23 patients (19 female/4 male; mean age 46.0y ± 14.0) with CSU which evolved for 129.7 ± 128.1 months and who were treated with cyclosporine (mean dose 3.2 ± 0.3 mg/kg). There was a good response in 10 patients (44%) at the first month, with a significant mean UAS7 reduction. Side effects from cyclosporine occurred in eight patients, leading to treatment suspension in six patients (26%), mostly due to arterial hypertension and infections. None of the parameters evaluated was associated with response to cyclosporine. Conclusion : Cyclosporine was effective in 44% of patients with moderate to severe CSU. When omalizumab is not immediately available, it may be worth trying cyclosporine, with a narrow monitoring for adverse effects.


The infection process of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was examined by light microscopy on two cowpea genotypes, BR 3 Tracuateua and TE 97‐411. In the susceptible genotype BR 3 Tracuateua, the pathogen acted as an intracellular hemibiotroph. Invasion of cowpea primary leaves occurred preferentially through the leaf epidermal cells by penetration tubes that emerged from appressoria. The penetration tube swelled within 48 h to form a spherical infection vesicle inside the epidermal cell in a biotrophic interaction. Subsequently, it became multilobed and multiseptated. By 4 d after inoculation, one or more large primary hyphae emerged from the lateral lobes and grew intracellularly and further colonized several adjacent epidermal host cells, characterizing the necrotrophic phase of infection. Primary leaves of the resistant cowpea genotype, TE 97‐411, showed enhanced penetration resistance to C. gloeosporioides associated with higher epidermal H2O2 accumulation beneath appressoria and primary germ tubes, papilla formation, and increased phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity, possibly related to accumulation of phenolic compounds and host cell wall lignification. Macroscopic examination of the primary leaves revealed the presence of shrunken necrotic lesions characteristic of anthracnose in infected BR 3 Tracuateua, whereas in the genotype TE 97‐411, cell death was also observed but only in a reduced percentage of the infection sites. In summary, the results obtained in this study suggested that TE 97‐411 is the resistant genotype to C. gloeosporioides compared with BR 3 Tracuateua because it developed more effective defense responses against the establishment of the pathogen.