The real estate investment markets of Australia and Malaysia are continuously developing, due to the reputation of real estate as a lower risk investment. This study aims to explore the real estate investment markets through the lenses of experts in the real estate markets. This research employs two rounds of a Delphi study to obtain opinions from Australian and Malaysian experts in real estate, in both academia and industry. We found that investors choose to invest in the real estate market to earn rental yield, look for capital growth, and to obtain capital gains through their real estate investment portfolio. There is evidence of emotive attachment in the real estate investment decision-making process. The dual function of investment asset and family home may complicate the decisionmaking process. The family home is a 'roof over one's head' and may be one of the biggest investments made by most individuals. As such, emotive attachment to the family home can sometimes be unavoidable. Nonetheless, the findings reveal that there are differences in property management and investment behaviour in both countries.


Water is the underground coal mining,one of the five natural disasters,in order to ensure the mine water discharge in time,equipment,power of the normal operation of security,but water storage reliability effective storage is a very important link.The normal production of the mine in flood season every year before the water storage for comprehensive digging,simultaneously pump joint trial operation,to ensure the mine flood control ability.The water sump digging is done manually,due to the influence of site conditions,artificial dug,the labor intensity of workers and working environment,greatly affect the physical and mental health of employees.Since last year,we introduce type water sump digging system,through the use of,good effect.


The teaching of translation plays an important role in technology English teaching.Based on the actuality of English teaching,the article gives a thorough account of the key points on the English-Chinese translation of the attributive clause.By a number of examples,it also proposes some specific ways on how to translate English attributive clause,which could be helpful for students' translation skills.


XMM-Newton observations of the BAL quasar PHL 5200 revealed that the X-ray emission attributed to the quasar originates from a nearby, optically unidentied radio source. Although visible in X-rays as well the flux from PHL 5200 is by a factor >20 smaller than previously anticipated. Thus most of the scenarios for a physical interpretation of the BAL phenomenon, based on the apparently unexpected X-ray properties of this quasar have to be revisited. We further discuss the properties of the optically very faint radio source.


An Emotions Engine is a modelling and a simplification of the Brain circuitry that generate emotions. It should produce a variety of responses including rapid reactionlike emotions as well as slower moods. We introduce such an engine and then propose a framework for its translated equivalent for a robot. We then define key issues that need addressing and provide guidelines via the framework, for its implementation onto an actual robot's Emotions Engine.


Oxygen-permeable perovskite ceramics with mixed ionic-electronic conducting properties can play an important role in the high temperature separation of oxygen from air. Such membranes are envisaged for application in catalytic membranes reactors and in oxy-fuel and pre-combustion technologies for fossil fuel power plants enabling CO2 capture. Since large-scale gas separation applications demand high membrane surface/volume ratios, membranes with capillary or hollow fiber geometry have a distinct advantage over tubular and flat sheet membranes. The fabrication and performance of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) capillary membranes is presented. The capillaries were made by a spinning technique based on phase inversion using a sulfur or non-sulfur containing polymer binder. Attention is given to the polymer solution and ceramic spinning suspension in order to avoid the formation of macrovoids and achieve gastight membranes. The comparison of the performance of sulfur-free and sulfur-containing BSCF capillaries with similar dimensions revealed a profound impact of the sulfur contamination on both the oxygen flux and the activation energy of the overall oxygen transport mechanism. In addition the effect of activation layers on oxygen permeation is studied.


The dynamic segmentation is a new technology of storing,displaying and analyzing the linear object.In the process of developing the emergency rescue system for freeway,attributes positioning for the linear road is usually involved in emergency response.This paper describes the concepts and principles of the linear reference system and dynamic segmentation,and their applications in the emergency rescue system.Applied cases are explained,which include locating accident point,analyzing the area of effect and displaying road condition.Using ArcGIS Server component and.NET development platform,this paper sets up the emergency rescue system for freeway with proved applicability.


INTRODUCTION: Dengue is an acute viral infection with potential fatal complications. Specific antibody detection has been the mainstay of diagnosis which is prone for both false positive and false negative reactions. The newer parameter NS1 appears to be highly specific and reliable for diagnosis of dengue infection from the first day of fever. Platelet count is the only accessory test for diagnosis of dengue infection in the peripheral laboratories. Therefore, study was done to evaluate the importance and association of platelet counts against NS1 and IgM/IgG in dengue infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples from clinically suspected dengue cases were tested for NS1, IgM and IgG by immunochromatography-based test. Platelet counts were obtained for all positive cases and dengue seronegative cases of fever served as controls. Test results of dengue- specific parameters were compared against platelet counts. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of 159 samples tested, 17 were positive for one or more dengue parameters. Of the 17, 05 were positive for NS1 only, 06 showed IgM only while 01 showed IgG only. More than one marker was detected in the remaining 05 samples. Thrombocytopenia was more consistently associated whenever NS1 was detected compared to antibody detection (P value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of NS1 in the diagnosis of dengue increases the detection rate significantly. In cases of fever, thrombocytopenia is more consistently found in dengue positive rather than dengue negative subjects. It correlates well when NS1 and IgM are detected simultaneously.


Cordierite–anthophyllite-bearing rocks are found in alteration pipes below some of the copper–zinc deposits of the Rouyn–Noranda area that occur in Archean volcanics. The cordierite and anthophyllite have been developed around the contact of the Dufault granodiorite, by isochemical metamorphism of ripidolite of ancient alteration pipes of volcanic origin.


����� Physiological research in general and investigation of functions of the central nervous system in particular have often been closely related to different philosophical ideas. Some philosophers, like Descartes, studied physiological processes and used their observations in their own philosophical systems. These systems, however, were built by purely logical deduction without experimental verification. Claude Bernard was the first to express the idea that truths about physiological functions are objective and external and that they have to be investigated by experimental techniques. However, Claude Bernard also recognized the importance of subjective thought processes. According to him, "Experimental method rests successively on feeling, reason, and experiment. Feeling gives rise to the experimental idea or hypothesis, i.e., the previsioned interpretation of natural phenomena. Reason or reasoning serves only to deduce the consequences of this idea and to submit them to experiment. An anticipative idea or an hypothesis is, then, the necessary starting point for all experimental reasoning" [1, p. 32]. The initial feeling or idea is, of course, closely related to personal knowledge and experience, but it is also strongly influenced by the personal philosophy of the investigator. Claude Bernard warned against taking a philosophic system as a base for scientific investigation. He stressed that even though the investigator has to have a preconceived idea in order to plan an experiment, he must be a completely unbiased observer of the results of the experiment. According to Claude Bernard, "... the best philosophic system consists in not having any" [1, p. 221]. This complete objectivity and separation of subjective thinking


Translation of culture-specific items has always been the core issue in translating literary or non-literary pieces of work as these texts are deeply and firmly rooted in the source culture. The various culture-based terms, items and words pose great challenges for a translator. These obstacles have got the engrossment of many theorists and researchers of translation studies and they are carrying out consequential researches in the field of translation studies. The bourn of this research is to identify the culture-specific items in Nadine Gordimer's English short stories and to scrutinize the translation strategies used by the translator in translating them into Punjabi language. This research is accomplished by using Newmark's taxonomy, as a framework, of translation strategies for culture-specific items. After the descriptive analysis of the CSIs (culture-specific items) of the SL (source languageEnglish) text and their translated TL (target languagePunjabi) text equivalents, the findings of this research work show that the translator has applied the 'transference' strategy the most in translating the CSIs of the SL text. At the second level, the translator has used the strategy 'shift or transposition'. At the third level, the translator has carried out the strategy 'synonymy'. After them the other strategies are used respectively.


We consider a simple model to describe the widths of the mode locked intervals for the critical circle map. Using two different partitions of the rational numbers, based on Farey series and Farey tree levels respectively, we calculate the free energy analytically at selected points for each partition. It is found that the result of the calculation depends on the method of partition. An implication of this is that the generalized dimensions Dq are different for each partition except when q = 0, i.e. only the Hausdorff dimension is the same in each case. PACS: 37-XX,37E10,37D35,37L30


It has been pointed ou t, during the progres of the discussion, that a brain conta ining a tumour is more likely to be injured by a blowthan a normal brain. This seemsto be true also for areasof the central nervous system containing simple malformations. Thus I recently reported a patient whosecord containedtwo slitlike cavities,and who ultimately developedan intramedullary tumour in associationwith the upperone.( 3) Five yearsbefore the main onset of the symptomsthat causedher to


This article explores the possibility that Paul was using irony in his commendation of the state in Romans 13. It is proposed that the original audience of the letter shared with Paul a common experience of oppression at the hands of the authorities and were aware of the abuses that took place in the opening years of Nero's reign. The consequent implausibility of Paul's language would have alerted his readers to the presence of irony. They would have been able to set aside the surface meaning of the discourse and to recognise that Paul was using the established rhetorical technique of censuring with counterfeit praise. While the passage can be read as a straightforward injunction to submit to the authorities, an ironic reading of the text results in a subversion of the very authorities it appears to commend.


Gauge R&R, which stands for gauge repeatability and reproducibility, is a statistical tool that measures the amount of variation in the measurement system arising from the measurement device and the people taking the measurement. The below research paper explains one of the methods to calculate Gauge R&R in detail and concludes how Gauge R& R study plays an important role in determining acceptability of a particular measuring system. Measurement uncertainty is a non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the values attributed to a measured quantity and also is the estimation of potential errors in a measurement process.


For some reason, EFL students lose their motivation and interests and become more demotivated as time goes by. Many of the conducted studies focus on the factors that cause EFL learners' demotivation rather than how EFL learners' demotivation impact on classroom learning processes. Thus, the study will focus on the impact of EFL learners' demotivation on the procedures and processes employed for EFL classroom interaction. The data are collected and statistically analyzed. The findings revealed the processes and the procedures that adopted for developing classroom interaction are negatively affected by the low quality of the participation that EFL demotivators do. These results negatively reflected EFL classroom interaction processes, EFL teachers' performance, and EFL classroom group dynamics. In the light of these results, it recommended that the interactive classroom activities should be carefully designed and appropriately adapted to stimulate EFL demotivators' interests. For example, the characteristics of these interactive classroom activities are in their content that reflects EFL learners' cultural backgrounds and connects them to their every day actions.


We would like to thank Dr. Landel for his thoughtful Letter to the Editor. It is exciting to have colleagues as passionate about the Sharp Purser Test as our authorship team. Not only do we hope this review can guide clinicians, but we hope it can guide researchers to develop projects that can give clinicians more confidence in the reliability, validity, and safety of the Sharp Purer Test. The data support our conclusion that inter-rater reliability was poor. The intra-rater reliability of the Sharp Purser Test was at best moderate, and at worst poor. After a robust search strategy of five databases from database inception to 2018, we only identified two studies that investigated the reliability of the Sharp Purser Test. The first study had four examiners perform the Sharp Purser Test on 11 children with Down's syndrome and yielded poor to moderate intrarater reliability scores (k = 0.67, 0.45, 0.29, 0.67), and inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.09 to 0.67 [1]. It is important to note the difference between intra and inter-rater reliability [2]. Intra-rater reliability is the agreement of the examiner at multiple points of administering the test, whereas inter-rater reliability is the agreement between multiple examiners. When appraising the inter-rater reliability of one examiner compared to another, we see mostly poor inter-rater reliability (k = 0.17, 0.09, 0.67, 0.09, 0.17, 0.45) [1]. In the second reliability study, the inter-rater reliability of the Sharp Purser Test in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis was poor (k = 0.20) [3]. In addition, a recent study was unable to calculate the reliability of the Sharp Purser Test in adults with neck pain due to 100% prevalence of negative findings [4]. If we assume that a test that is unreliable cannot possibly be valid [2] then we must first ask the question, why is the reliability of the Sharp Purser Test suboptimal? It could be the multiple ways that a positive test can occur: 1) reproduction of myelopathic signs with flexion and reduction in symptoms with the sharp purser maneuver or 2) signs of ligamentous laxity with a sliding motion of head posteriorly which may produce a clunk when the dens approximate with the posterior aspect of the atlas [5]. We believe the first condition is likely to have good reliability. However the second condition for a positive Sharp Purser Test is potentially why the reliability suffers so significantly which is more difficult for examiners to detect [6]. This idea was supported by Matthews, where in a five year follow up study to the original article [6] that focused on the Sharp Purser Test, concluded that signs of clunking and abnormal laxity were unreliable [7]. We know that the diagnostic utility of the Sharp Purser Test improves with more severe cases of instability [8], but this likely increases the chance of myelopathic symptoms being produced. Perhaps a paradigm shift is necessary in categorizing what constitutes a positive Sharp Purser Test in order to improve the reliability [9]. Our review concluded that the validity of the test was inconsistent due to the variability in diagnostic utility [10]. Dr. Landel argued that there was consistency amongst the data we presented, and he was correct! Of the studies where sensitivity and specificity could be measured, it did appear that there was consistency, with specificity being relatively high (SP: 0.77, 0.71, 0.98, 0.96) [3,6,8,11]. However, the inconsistency in validity was based on the totality of diagnostic utility yielded by our review [10]. There was inconsistency in the data with wide ranging sensitivity scores (SN: 0.40, 0.19, 0.44, 0.69), positive (+LR: 0.65, 1.73, 22, 17.25) and negative (-LR: 1.14, 0.77, 0.57, 0.32) likelihood ratios [3,6,8,11]. The diagnostic utility scores of the Sharp Purser Test need to be considered with our methodological quality assessment [10]. Matthews [6], Forester [3], and Stevens [11], did not know the results of the radiographs prior to using the Sharp Purser Test, but it is unclear if Uitvlugt did or did not [8]. Additionally, we were unable to perform a meta-analysis on the data available due to statistical heterogeneity [12,13] We concluded that the Sharp Purser Test 'has the potential to cause harm.' Dr. Landel had concerns about this statement since no adverse events occurred in the 32 studies included in our review and would prefer this statement be modified to the following: we cannot 'make a definitive conclusion about the relative safety of the test.' This modification to our conclusion is acceptable. In our opinion, our conclusion of the Sharp Purser Tests 'potential to cause harm' was not disingenuous but rather to convey the point that no one has researched the safety of this test adequately. Therefore, we could not endorse the safety of the test, which is why we used the word 'potential'. Interestingly, after our manuscript was published, we did hear from clinicians where complications occurred as a result of using the Sharp Purser Test. JOURNAL OF MANUAL & MANIPULATIVE THERAPY 2021, VOL. 29, NO. 6, 339–340 https://doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2021.1989755


Field experiment was conducted at Arjo Dedessa Sugar Factory during the 2015/2016 cropping season to investigate the effect of seed sowing methods and different rates of blended fertilizer on yield and yield components of Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop. The treatments consisted of four rates of blended fertilizer (0, 100, 150, 200 kg ha, three rates of blended fertilizer + urea (100 + 101.52, 150 +82.71, 200 +63.91 kg ha), one rates of DAP + urea (100 +100 kg ha) and two sowing methods (row and broadcasting). The two factors combined factorailly and arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. An improved wheat variety 'Tay (ET-12D4) HAR 604(1)' was used as a test crop. Data were analyzed using one way and two way ANOVA through SAS, mean comparison was done using fisher's LSD at 0.05 probability level. The soil at the experimental site was sandy loam in texture (57% sand, 27% silt, & 16% clay). The soil of the experimental site is slightly acidic (pH-6.25) with high organic matter content (7.2%). The results revealed that yield and yield contributing characters were influenced significantly by different rate of blended fertilizer and sowing methods. The tallest plant (92.00cm), the maximum number of effective tillers plant -1 (7.66), the highest grain yield (29.583 qt ha -1 ) and the highest straw yield (6.10 qt ha -1 ) were obtained from 200 kg blended fertilizer + 63.91 kg of urea. In contrast, the shortest plant (52.11cm and 59.55cm), the lowest number of effective tillers plant -1 (1.5 and 5.33 ), minimum grain yield (12.125 qt ha -1and 18.194 qt ha 1 and straw yield (37.78 qt ha -1 ) were observed when 0 kg fertilizer and 100 kg of DAP +100 kg of urea applied.. From our result we conclude that application of 200 kg blended fertilizer plus 82.71 kg urea /ha under row sowing provided high yield


The July 1985 Jizuki-yama landslide in Nagano Prefecture, for example, caused severe damage because it traveled over a long distance. sassa et alii (2000) studied the travel speed of these kinds of highly fluidized long-traveling landslides, but did not focus on their travel distance. Other studies have included estimates of the travel distance of landslide masses (moRiwaki, 1987), case analyses of the travel distance of landslides (kusumoto et alii, 2003), and an examination of the topographical conditions of large-displacement landslides (moRisHita et alii, 2003), but did not evaluate the movement mode of these landslides. Our study therefore focused on the movement mode of long-traveling landslides in Japan by examining their features, soil properties, and distribution characteristics in relation to travel distance.


Educational tool for training biomedical engineers in the biomedical signals processing field has been developed. It is software for simulation and study of the results obtained in biomedical signals when different signals processing techniques are applied. The tool has been implemented on a graphical user interface to facilitate the use.


Abstract:This article demonstrates the methodological value of using military justice archives to explore how soldiers navigated the multi-ethnic French army during the First World War. It focuses on Armée d'Afrique units containing high concentrations of colonial subjects and uses crime records to consider the implications of this unprecedented level of diversity. Emphasizing the experiences and voices of men otherwise scarce in the historical record deepens our understanding of how discrimination and inequality functioned within the supposedly egalitarian structures of the French military and foregrounds the complex ways in which race intersected with other markers of identity to structure combatant experiences.


In this paper,a 50 MW coal-fired utility boiler is studied.Burning state is analyzed through numerical simulation.The results indicate that temperature in the area up crust block duct is about 100 degree lower than that in the area below crust block duct and the temperature in the middle area is the highest.This distribution of temperature could cause the under part and middle part of crust block duct to easily slag off.With numerical simulation,the burners of this boiler are studied.To solve the problems existing in these burners,two schemes are put forward and compared.


With the domestic enterprises to large-scale survey and design engineering company in transition,and its area of operations gradually shifted from a single design engineering consulting services to a diversified full-service business transformation,which,objectively speaking,an urgent need to further adjust the appraisal business management mechanism,to meet the practical needs of enterprise development.This article from the Middle Proterozoic transition in recent years,international construction companies operating in the development of integrated management system assessment,reconstruction of the actual situation on the Design and Research Institute in transition to the engineering company operating in the context of assessing the need for building a management system,development course evaluation and other issues discussed.


Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding caused by a ruptured pancreatic pseudoaneurysm is rare, and a pseudoaneurysm of the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is especially rare. A 68-year-old man was hospitalized after presenting intermittent black stools and dyspnea accompanied by severe anemia. Angiographic examination revealed that Pseudoaneurysm of the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Methods: Angiography was performed and revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Subsequently, a blood transfusion and endovascular embolization were performed. Results: The patient's gastrointestinal bleeding stopped, and the hemoglobin level remained stable. During 1 year of follow-up, the patient remained in a generally good condition. Conclusion: posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysmIt is rare and difficult to diagnose, gastrointestinal bleeding is a serious complication, vascular interventional embolization is effective.


The stakeholders, also known as groups of interest, are increasingly important for brand building, especially because of the need to generate differentiated communication on the part of the company, which must demonstrate a solid identity that generates processes for the creation of a correct image and a strong corporate reputation. In this aspect, this article meets a priority need: to know the groups of interest for the creation of brand building strategies, even from current tools such as experiential marketing. For this, a theoretical review of recognized authors in the field of branding, corporate communication, and marketing was carried out through specialized databases: academic texts, research, and scientific articles were taken into account. After having these inputs, relevant topics for the study of the stakeholders and their relationship with the communication of the companies were developed. This allowed for a detailed analysis of the company's intangibles, which contributes to the generation of useful knowledge for the field of branding. The main conclusions revolve around the relevance that stakeholders have in the management of the identity of the brand, with a view to generating a correct image and corporate reputation. This issue is key in the communication of any company, because currently the proper management of intangibles is the key to business success, and a good link with different stakeholders.


Abstract Triterpene methyl ethers were isolated from the epicuticular wax of 12 species of Chionochloa and were absent from 8 species. These triterpenoids are only rarely species specific, but at the infraspecific level in some wide ranging species these are discrete biochemical races with circumscribed geographic distributions. Arundoin and miliacin, known to the common in the Gramineae, are the most frequent triterpene methyl ethers in this genus, arundoin occurring in nine species, and miliacin in six. Methyl ethers of lupeol, parkeol, cydoartenol, and β-amyrin occur in fewer species. Species such as C. pallens, C. crassiuscula, C. acicularis, and C. cheesemanii invariably synthesise triterpene methyl ethers, but in C. rigida, C. flavescens, and C. rubra there are many populations where the compounds are not produced. Spontaneous multiple origins of dominant genes that control the methylation of 3 β-hydroxytriterpenes are proposed.


attempted to pass himself off as the Piedmontese tutor of two Italian gentlemen, an episode not mentioned in the book, but the Swede does not seem to have actually met him formally if at all (Svenska riksarkivet, Stockholm, Muscovitica, 115: 1698, 4 and 31 October, 13 December). Without further work in Polish and Russian archives to investigate the origins and veracity of Neuville's account, it cannot be considered reliable. Neuville may never have seen Sophia, for example. The text may reflect only gossip in the Polish embassy, but then should we not read Dowmont's dispatches instead and get his views first hand?


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com of polysaccharides and proteins, such as collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins that are essential in tissue engineering [3]. Cellular interactions with the ECM are known to play a critical role in providing structural support to cells, directing cell function, and regulating development, homeostasis, and repair of a variety of tissues [4-8]. ECM derived and ECM mimicking scaffolds have shown promising results in facilitating the constructive remodeling of many different tissues in preclinical and applications [3,9,10]. To obtain an ECM derived or ECM mimicking scaffolds, decellularization process were employed in native tissues and organs to remove the cellular and nuclear contents while maintaining the important proteins present in the ECM. Studies have been focus on the generation of cell derived ECM for different tissue engineering applications [11-13]. However, different factors need to be considered in generation of cell derived ECM such as type of cells and the manner in which cell are cultured that involves the use of appropriate media, addition of growth factors, bioreactor design and flow rate [14]. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and effect of in-vivo deposited extracellular matrix on bone regeneration capacity of porous hydroxyapatite sponge scaffold.


Based on the field experiment and investigation,a new planting method called Stress Resistance Bag Technique(SRBT) was studied at the area of removal lands from cultivation for afforestation in the Loess Plateau where drought and rodent damage are the two key harmful factors in forestation.The results showed that SRBT can increase the survival rate of forestation by 16.82%~20.74%,the reserve rate of forestation by 34.97%~81.89% for Platycladus orientalis compared with normal planting(CK).And the effect was influenced by the position on slope.Upper slope was higher at the survival rate of forestation,but middle slope was higher at the reserve rate of forestation while using SRBT.The increment in youngling height and basal diameter were also impacted by SRBT and the bag size.The effect was better for big bag,35 cm in length and 28 cm in width than for small bag,35 cm in length and 22 cm in width.The increment was increased by 32.73% in height,4.14 times in basal diameter compared with CK.There was not significant difference in height increment but there was in basal diameter increment between upper slope and middle slope.The basal diameter increment was bigger at middle slope than that at upper slope.The effect of SRBT on improving the survival rate of forestation,the increment of youngling height and basal diameter were directly connected with the soil moisture in the root zone,which has been improved by the inner coating on the bags.The SRBT can alleviate the damage of rodent such as Myospalax cansus,Ochotona daurica,and Lepus capensis to young trees.Compared with CK,the rodent damage index were decreased by 34.48%~37.93%.There was not significant difference in bag size but there was some in different position of slope.The rodent damage index was lower at middle slope than that at upper slope.


Hawkes processes have become very popular in modeling multiple recurrent user-item interaction events that exhibit mutual-excitation properties in various domains. Generally, modeling the interaction sequence of each user-item pair as an independent Hawkes process is ineffective since the prediction accuracy of future event occurrences for users and items with few observed interactions is low. On the other hand, multivariate Hawkes processes (MHPs) can be used to handle multi-dimensional random processes where different dimensions are correlated with each other. However, an MHP either fails to describe the correct mutual influence between dimensions or become computational inhibitive in most real-world events involving a large collection of users and items. To tackle this challenge, we propose local low-rank Hawkes processes to model large-scale user-item interactions, which efficiently captures the correlations of Hawkes processes in different dimensions. In addition, we design an efficient convex optimization algorithm to estimate model parameters and present a parallel algorithm to further increase the computation efficiency. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the performance improvements of our model in comparison with the state of the art.


The eighteenth-century Korean painter Kim Hong-do 金弘道 (1745–ca. 1806) still dazzles today's viewers with his paintings of genre scenes and Daoist immortals, just as he astonished his contemporaries with his talent and versatility. Although he had numerous patrons, none had as much impact on his art as King Jeongjo 正祖 (r. 1776–1800). By examining written records and Kim's extant paintings, this paper explores and assesses the significance of King Jeongjo's patronage in unlocking the opportunities that enabled Kim Hong-do to reach his full potential as the most versatile painter in Korea.


Most object-oriented frameworks are motivated by industry, and are developed for a particular application domain, like user interfaces, or database management. The framework presented here is somewhat unusual in that the framework is used to implement object-oriented languages. We will make a distinction between the framework client (the software that invokes the framework) and the framework users (the people who are implementing the object-oriented language in question). In some ways, the DT Framework presented here is a meta-framework, as it provides a framework within which a fundamental object-oriented concept can be implemented by language developers.


Abstra ct Social Science is basically the study of the social sciences that attempt to educate students to become a good citizen. Education Social Sciences is a study of interdisciplinary linking various social sciences, such as history, geography, economics, sociology (social relationships), anthropology (culture), political, legal, and social psychology to understand a variety of phenomena and social life its development is so rapid and often unpredictable appropriately (unpredicable). The development of information and communication technologies so rapidly in the era of globalization, adding the sooner the development of social life following the accompanying impact. A good citizen is one of the characteristics that have character and cultured according to the cultural heritage of their ancestors. In this era of globalization, rapidly once the influence of foreign culture through various channels of information and the impact on morality and behavior of the young generation of the slump that do not fit with the character and culture of our nation. Indications morality decline in the younger generation, and requires the learning of Social Sciences which can contribute to encourage morality and character of students to be the next generation that is able to maintain the character and culture of Indonesia. Social Sciences learning through a variety of themes, can serve to foster students to have a culture in accordance with the character and culture of Indonesia. Key Words : globalization , character , and morali t y


The chemical shifts and spin–spin coupling constants of fluorine are described. The theoretical calculations of fluorine NMR parameters are reviewed. The special experimental requirements of fluorine NMR are considered. Applications of fluorine NMR spectroscopy to the study of biochemical, and pharmaceutical problems are discussed.

Keywords:

chemical shifts;
spin–spin coupling;
polymers;
pharmaceuticals;
2-D methods;
isotope effects;
imaging;
biochemical tracers


Abstract Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) and silky windgrass [Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.] are becoming a significant problem in Europe. Due to the development of herbicide-resistant biotypes and unwanted side effects of herbicides, there is a need for new integrated weed management strategies to control weeds. Therefore, reducing weed infestations by targeting seed production during crop harvest should be considered. In 2017 and 2018, we estimated the fraction of the total seed production of A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti in a field that potentially could be collected by a grain harvester during winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Twenty plants of each species were surrounded by a porous net before flowering to trap shed seeds during reproductive development. Seeds were collected and counted weekly up until and immediately before wheat harvest, and the ratio of harvestable seeds to shed seeds during the growing season was determined. Alopecurus myosuroides produced on average 953 seeds plant–1 in 2017 and 3,337 seeds plant–1 in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, 29% and 37% of the total A. myosuroides seeds produced, respectively, were retained on plants at maturity. Apera spica-venti produced on average 1,192 seeds plant–1 in 2017 and 5,678 seeds plant–1 in 2018, and retained 53% and 16% of the seeds at harvest, respectively. If a grain harvester potentially collected approximately 30% of the total seed production of the two grass weeds and removed or killed them, it would reduce seed input to the soil seedbank. However, such methods cannot stand alone to reduce weed pressure.


The aim of this paper is to explore the pricing of Asian option by operator splitting methods. The associate partial differential equation(PDE) is a multi-dimensional problem. It is not well adapted to solution with simple numerical methods. So we split the PDE into two separate PDEs, one of which is the Black-Scholes equation. Then we introduce QUICK schemes to calculate both the Black-Scholes equation and Asian option PDE based on the splitting methods.


Abstract The problem of land degradation in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is not a new phenomenon, but during the last decade it has grown to be a serious threat to the delicate desert ecosystems, and also to the urban and industrial areas, due to an increase in sand movement. The area under investigation is situated on the Gulf coast north of Jubail and is approximately 20 km in width centered along the coastline. The total area is almost 1000 km 2 . Eight vegetation types were classified according to the dominant and co-dominant species. A comparative study of the vegetation in a fenced, non-grazed area and in an open grazed area showed that the impact of grazing and recreational activities have largely reduced the value of the rangelands. The reduction in species diversity and density leads to an increase in wind and sand dynamics. Exposed roots, giant ripples, changes in the extension of inland sabkhas and new active dunes could be observed in many parts of the study area. It could be proved that most inland sabkhas in the area are pure deflational features with considerable dynamic due to the reduction in vegetation cover during the recent years. The monitoring of vegetation density was carried out during helicopter flights with the help of GPS and a video camera. Image processing on a personal computer allowed accurate calculations of vegetation density. Observations on active dune fields in the area showed that the size of the dune fields almost doubled in 15 months. Tests in small enclosures showed that there is a potential for natural recovery even in severely damaged areas. In just one year without grazing and with average precipitation there is a significant difference in vegetation cover. Strict grazing management and camping regulations are required to prevent further degradation and allow the recovery of damaged ecosystems. Community involvement and education is necessary for the development of an understanding of regulations and the need for preservation.


In order to make the MHNA model which is one of the smart household network's architecture model candetect and prevent accident from occurring. After the relate theory is given,the formal description about molecularservice of Smart household appliances in this model is improved,the chemical combination device is designed;boththe structure and the working mechanism of intelligent support layer and service combination layer are also improvedin this model. The above work enabled this model have power to detect and prevent the security accidents. Thisimproved model is used to analyze and descripts the procedure of a concrete application instance in the end,it isproved the better effect can be made while the model is applied to detect and prevent the security accidents insmart home network.


Cooperative banks now possess the capability of becoming a formidable competitive force in the savings and consumer credit sectors of the financial marketplace all over the world. Their unique history is not well recognized. The roots of the cooperative credit movement lie in the more general cooperative movement in Germany during the 1840s. The economic crisis of the 2008s gave additional impetus to the cooperative movement in general and to urban cooperative banking in particular. Deposits in cooperative banks have grown faster than deposits in commercial banks in U.S.A., Dominica, Lithuania and Canada in recent years. Cooperative banks have experienced a lower failure rate than commercial banks The major policy initiatives in the UCB sector in the recent past include implementation of the Vision Document 2005.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced vision document with the purpose of remain the viable and the exit of non-viable UCBs. The earlier studies related to the urban banking sector is based on differentiating between the performance of pre-reform (i.e. before 1991) and the post-reform periods only.From this angel the study has assumed special significance.


A trial of labor after cesarean (vs. repeat cesarean) has been a polarizing and unresolved issue in obstetrics for over 30 years. There are ardent advocates both for and against vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), and their views involve a number of factors. In the 1980s, a wave of enthusiasm for VBACwas based on favorable outcomes reported in several large observational studies. This was later tempered by amore cautious approach as litigation cases began to surface when uterine rupture occurred. As there are no randomized controlled trials comparing VBAC with repeat cesarean, decisions and wavering guidelines have often been influenced more by emotional, financial, and medical legal considerations than highquality evidence. This paradoxical situation in which most patients do very well, but the rare uterine rupture can be catastrophic, particularly for the fetus, often leaves both physicians and patients in a quandary about what to do. As the primary and overall cesarean rate has continued to climb, both in the United States and around the world, and as the complications of multiple cesarean are now increasingly recognized, the focus again is back onVBAC. The purpose of this symposium is to update us on the latest and best evidence available for making clinical decisions regarding VBAC. I am grateful for the contributions from this outstanding group of experts who have supplied us with the latest information on all aspects of this clinically important topic. I hope you find this symposium as educational and useful as I have as you deal with this difficult and common problem.


Abstract. Due to global warming and particularly high regional ocean warming, both Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers in the Amundsen region of the Antarctic Ice Sheet could lose their buttressing ice shelves over time. We analyze the possible consequences using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM), applying a simple cliff-calving parameterization and an ice-mélange-buttressing model. We find that the instantaneous loss of ice-shelf buttressing, due to enforced ice-shelf melting, initiates grounding line retreat and triggers the marine ice sheet instability (MISI). As a consequence, the grounding line progresses into the interior of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and leads to a sea level contribution of 0.6 m within 100 a. By subjecting the exposed ice cliffs to cliff calving using our simplified parameterization, we also analyze the marine ice cliff instability (MICI). In our simulations it can double or even triple the sea level contribution depending on the only loosely constraint parameter which determines the maximum cliff-calving rate. The speed of MICI depends on this upper bound on the calving rate which is given by the ice mélange buttressing the glacier. However, stabilization of MICI may occur for geometric reasons. Since the embayment geometry changes as MICI advances into the interior of the ice sheet, the upper bound on calving rates is reduced and the progress of MICI is slowed down. Although we cannot claim that our simulations bear relevant quantitative estimates of the effect of ice-mélange buttressing on MICI, the mechanism has the potential to stop the instability. Further research is needed to evaluate its role for the past and future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.


The primary objective of multi-sensor data fusion, which offers both quantitative and qualitative benefits, is to be able to draw inferences that may not be feasible with data from a single sensor alone. In this study, data from two sets of sensors are fused to estimate the defect profile from magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection data. The two sensors measure the axial and circumferential components of the MFL field. Data is fused at the signal level. The two signals are combined as the real and imaginary components of a complex valued signal. Signals from an array of sensors are arranged in contiguous rows to obtain a complex valued image. Signals from the defect regions are then processed to minimize noise and the effects of lift-off. A boundary extraction algorithm is used not only to estimate the defect size more accurately, but also to segment the defect area. A wavelet basis function neural network (WBFNN) is then employed to map the complex valued image appropriately to obtain the geometric profile of the defect. The feasibility of the approach was evaluated using the data obtained from the MFL inspection of natural gas transmission pipelines. The results obtained by fusing the axial and circumferential component appear to be better than those obtained using the axial component alone. Finally, a WBFNN based boundary extraction scheme is employed for the proposed fusion approach. The boundary based adaptive weighted average (BBAWA) offers superior performance compared to three alternative different fusion methods employing weighted average (WA), principal component analysis (PCA), and adaptive weighted average (AWA) methods.


A promising line of research in the interaction between syntax and semantics has been open by the work on Continuation Semantics started by [1] and [5] and further explored by [8]. Work done within Curry Howard Correspondence to Classical Logic has brought to the attention the duality distinction holding between terms and contexts (or co-terms), and can help further shaping the syntax-semantics interface and the connection between natural and formal languages as shown in [3, 4]. This duality is clearly explained in [7]:


Qualification frequently is a time‐critical activity at the end of a development project. As time‐to‐market is a competitive issue, the most efficient qualification efforts are of interest. A concept is outlined, which proactively integrates qualification into the development process and provides a systematic procedure as a support tool to development and gives early focus on required activities. It converts requirements for a product into measures of development and qualification in combination with a risk and opportunity assessment step and accompanies the development process as a guiding and recording tool for advanced quality planning and confirmation. The collected data enlarge the knowledge database for DFR/BIR (designing for reliability/building‐in reliability) to be used for future projects. The procedure challenges and promotes teamwork of all the disciplines involved. Based on the physics‐of‐failure concept the reliability qualification methodology is re‐arranged with regard to the relationships between design, technology, manufacturing and the different product life phases at use conditions. It makes use of the physics‐of‐failure concept by considering the potential individual failure mechanisms and relates most of the reliability aspects to the technology rather than to the individual product design. Evaluation of complex products using common reliability models and the definition of sample sizes with respect to systematic inherent product properties and fractions of defects are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


197 Background: There is a wide variation of compliance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Overutilization of preoperative testing and underutilization of adjuvant treatments have been documented. The former is associated with higher costs of care; the latter with poor patient outcomes. Prior reports of adherence to NCCN Guidelines contain methodological limitations due to lack of contemporary review and incomplete listing of reasons for non-compliance. This limits the "real time" analysis of breast cancer quality and delays action plans to address quality and cost issues of care.

METHODS
NCCN Guideline compliance was recorded prospectively by use of electronic synoptic templates for all newly diagnosed breast cancer patients treated at a single institution between January 2010 and December 2011. A retrospective review of the synoptic templates was then conducted. Accuracy of the synoptic auditing method was assessed as well as NCCN compliance and reasons for non-compliance.

RESULTS
A total of 312 new breast cancer patients who underwent surgery as initial treatment were identified. Compliance with NCCN Guidelines for preoperative testing, breast surgery and lymph node surgery was 98% (306/312), 99.7% (311/312) and 93% (290/312) respectively. Reasons for non-compliance include patient refusal, comorbidities, advanced age and overutilization of systemic imaging. There was 100% compliance to College of American Pathologist (CAP) molecular profile documentation for all breast cancer cases. There were two discrepancies noted between the prospective template reporting and medical record review. The average time needed to populate data into synoptic templates was less than 2 minutes per patient.

CONCLUSIONS
Prospective auditing of adherence to NCCN Guidelines with electronic synoptic templates is accurate and time efficient. High compliance rates with NCCN Guidelines were demonstrated. Electronic synoptic NCCN templates potentially facilitate early recognition of quality gaps in compliance and provide a framework for peer performance comparison.


The non-hydrogen-isotope effects on [ital T][sub [ital c]] in displacive-type ferroelectric phase transitions such as in BaTiO[sub 3] are discussed theoretically. Using a quantum-mechanical electron-phonon interaction model with a higher-order vertex term, we calculate the reduced force constant [ital [tilde k]][sub [ital s]] of the transverse-optical phonon relating the ferroelectric phase transition. It is concluded that a light-isotope-enriched crystal shows a higher [ital T][sub [ital c]] than a crystal with a heavier isotope, which is in agreement with the experimental Ba- and Ti-isotope effects in BaTiO[sub 3] recently discovered.


Three transportation routes through the Chugoku region of Japan from Kinai to Dazaifu form the main transportation systems through the area. These are known as the San'in route, running parallel to the Japan sea coast, the San'yo route running parallel to the inland sea coast, and the inland sea water transportation route. The author describes these three routes, and explains how of the four highways planned for the region, construction of the Chugoku expressway was given priority. Some sections are already opened to traffic, and this article focusses attention on the expressway in order to examine the influences exerted on the Chugoku region by the construction of expressways. Construction was begun in 1966, and this 536.6km expressway passes through 6 prefectures and 62 cities, towns and villages. The anticipated date for completion and opening to traffic of the entire expressway is 1979. /TRRL/


? 'We would describe this volume as a true area study, with the whole containing insights beyond [ the sum of its parts.' This is the sort of thing that editors tend to say when they suddenly realise that the essays they have in front of them bear absolutely no relation to each other whatsoever. This is not surprising, since the symposium and lecture series out of which this book arose had no theme, and if there were 'integrating' discussions after each lecture, they are not reported. So here are nine disconnected papers about Homer. I would not judge any of them to be absolutely essential reading for the Homerist, but there are only two which can be put in the bin at once and that, in my view, is pretty good going. Unfortunately, they are the first two contributions. N. Austin, writing on the Cyclops episode, informs us that' the story is explicable, in fact, only if it is a child's fantasy' and that Odysseus 'laughs and jokes and smirks' at his own tricks with a glee that is 'distinctly childish'. I do not know which text A. is using, but all mine says on the topic is


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) utilize huge amount of wireless sensor nodes to gather information from their sensing terrain. The gathered information will undergo in-network process and send to the remote sink. In this densely distributed network high packet flow occur near the sink due to the convergent nature of upstream traffic. Congestion may occur in the network and cause packet loss. Due to this packet loss the throughput may be lowered and also, congestion leads to excessive energy consumption. Therefore congestion has to be controlled to prolong the sensor nodes lifetime. In this paper a study of traditional fairness congestion control algorithm named Congestion Control and Fairness (CCF) algorithm in realistic different scenarios is done. The traditional algorithm is implemented in NS 2, and analyzed the performance of latency and protocol overhead. Results show that the latency is increased when the number of nodes is increased from 60 to 80 and 100. Also, the protocol overhead increases linearly when the simulation time steps in for all the scenarios. Index – congestion control, fairness, latency, protocol overhead, sensor nodes, wireless sensor networks.


Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability, often resulting in a slow and energetically inefficient gait due to a reduction in push-off power at the end of stance and the inability to lift the foot from the ground during swing (i.e. foot clearance). To improve the quality of life of stroke patients, a soft wearable robot (exosuit) has been developed, which has demonstrated the capacity to improve paretic propulsion, foot clearance and walking efficiency during treadmill walking [1,2].


People have considered that "Reading" has many advantages for a long time. However, in recent years, the decrease of reading of young people has become a serious problem in Japan. Postulating that reading is communication between a reader and a book, we define the importance of reading as giving readers intellectual stimulation, exciting creativity, and expanding their inner world. In reading, a book has no reaction to the reader, and it prevents the reader and the book from interacting. To solve this problem, we propose a new type of reading notes as media that intermediates interactions between them. Since people had to take considerable time and effort to take reading notes so far, we use gaze information generated through his/her reading behaviors. Readers change reading patterns depending on the difference of interest in and difficulty of the contents of books. Therefore, gaze information represents reader's mind about the book. We think it useful to create reading notes. Researches on gaze information and reading have been conducted so far. However, these studies don't aim to create reading notes that reflect reader's mind. We propose an automatic reading notes creating system using reader's gaze information during reading.


Ashcan artist George Bellows is perhaps most remembered for his widely reproduced paintings of boxers— one even appeared on a U.S. postage stamp issued in 1998. The paintings' celebrations of the virility of the athletic male body and their dynamic representation of the sport have made them extremely popular since their production in the early twentieth century. Less commonly known is that Bellows was committed to radical politics, and that his images of pugilism were vehicles for pointed social and cultural critique. In addition to exhibiting works in galleries, Bellows published his images in a range of periodicals, from mainstream magazines such as Collier's , Metropolitan Magazine , and The American Magazine to The Masses , a small-run socialist magazine published in Greenwich Village from 1911 to 1917. When all of his boxing images are read together, it becomes clear that for Bellows, these were not simply formal explorations of the athletic male body, but also sites for his class-infl ected commentary on race, gender, and religion. Moreover, when studied alongside the full range of his production, his magazine illustrations and political cartoons— particularly those published in The Masses —help elucidate the full importance of these themes throughout his oeuvre.


263 T collection of articles in this edition of Paediatrics & Child Health concerning information in society absorbed by our children and youth presents us with oft-repeated dilemmas. Are the authors being too restrictive by searching for general rules in a single domain of development rather than trying to take into account all forces by which the child may be influenced? Are the authors stating that there is a hierarchy of environmental influences and that the media is a dominant player? My reading is that there is an effort to highlight these particular formative influences on child and adolescent development without explicitly or implicitly ignoring genetic, familial and emotional influences. It has become a "canon of developmental science" (personal communication, Dr Tom Boyce) that behaviour is expressed after biology-context interactions at many different levels. We thus cannot assume that all children will react in the same way to the same television show, Internet program or newspaper article. Children have different levels of biological reactivity, and thus, different sensitivities to various social contexts. We like to speculate also that the results of the interchange may become embedded in the neural circuitry of the brain. However, we cannot begin to understand these behaviours unless we start the process of examining the intricacies of the interaction. The results are never self-evident and often are much more complicated and seemingly contradictory than we could imagine. This is the basis for the fervor and intense curiosity of the researchers in this domain of psychosocial development. The hope is that the data in these articles will inform the clinician about the weight of the media's influence, its pervasiveness and its universal reach. Swift and Taylor write on "the digital divide" between children and youth and their parents (pages 275-278). They note that whereas parents believe that they are supplying adequate supervision for their children and know what their children are doing and learning on the Internet, the younger generation in fact has embraced the Internet as their own world separate from their parents' reach and knowledge. Thus, there is an urgent need for parents to examine what 'supervision' means. It does not mean simply organizing equal time online for various family members, but it does mean that there needs to be detailed attention paid to the content of the time spent on the computer. Grant examines the relationship between teens' sexual behaviour and the media (pages 285-286). While asking the difficult question about which comes first, the sexually active adolescent seeking sexual content in the media or the sexual content of present entertainment leading adolescents to increased sexual activity, there is nevertheless a reference to the clear establishment of media violence's effect on behaviours and attitudes as a possible model to answer the question. Paquette reviews for us the important literature substantiating the influence of media violence on the behaviour of children and adolescents, but then worries that we may begin to accept psychological violence as an appropriate and desired substitute for physical violence (pages 293-295). Throughout these articles, there are constant reminders that we must be clear in our science and that caretakers must keep track of the big picture: maintenance of values, primacy of respect for others, and the constant imperative to maintain one's own emotional and physical health. The tools to accomplish these tasks in the context of media influence seem to revolve around exploring different and transparent ways of communicating with our children and youth. Specific suggestions for this, and for further research, are contained in the advocacy article by Davidson et al (pages 265-266), and in the psychosocial committee's recommendations for parents and physicians (pages 311-317). The inquisitive physician is thus satisfied by a thought-provoking exploration of this domain, and can subsequently spring into action by following these active interventions. EDITORIAL


In this paper we propose a new method for detection and localization of electric arcs by using two ultra-wide band (UWB) antennas together with data processing in the time-domain. The source of electric arcs is localized by computing an average on the inter-correlation functions of the signals received on two channels. By calculating the path length difference to the antennas, the direction of the electric arcs is then found. The novelty of the method consists in the spatial averaging in order to reduce the incertitude caused by the finite sampling rate.


Highlight: Bitter-weed can be effectively controlled in central Texas with 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) amine between November 1 and January 1.5. To minimize damage to associated annual forbs, 2,4-D should be applied in late December or January. A rate of % to 1 lb a.e./acre of 2,4-D will give excellent control of bitterweed. However, spraying with 2,4-D has no long-term benefits under a good range management program. Its primary value is to kill bitterweed during wet winters when it is abundant. This minimizes death losses of sheep and increases the vigor of perennial grasses for 1 or 2 years.


As a basic CCP organization, the CCP branch of college students serves as a link and bridge to contact students, and is also a strong bulwark to carry out ideological and political education. Strengthening the advancement construction of college students CCP branches is the fundamental requirement to implement the advanced nature of CCP at the basic units, and it is also a basic solution to exerting the stronghold function of student' s CCP branches and promoting the comprehensive development of undergraduates. Considering the current construction of CCP branches of college students, there is a necessity to introduce the Ruler Marching Method into the construction of CCP branches. The Dynamic Targets Management is known as the core of the method. Through setting goals, establishing platforms and productions inspection, it helps to improve the level of advancement construction of college students CCP branches, to enhance the scientific proficiency of students' Party construction, and to reinforce the foundation of CCP organization construction among students.


When we generate 3D video that provides immersive and realistic feeling to users, depth information of the scene is essential. Since the resolution of the depth map captured by a depth sensor is lower than of the color image, we need to upsample the low-resolution depth map for high-resolution 3D video generation. In this paper, we propose a depth upsampling method using depth-discontinuity information. Using the high-resolution color image and the low-resolution depth map, we detect depth-discontinuity regions. Then, we define an energy function for the depth map upsampling and optimize it using the belief propagation method. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other depth upsampling methods in terms of the bad pixel rate.


A shift register includes a plurality of stages connected to one another to sequentially generate output signals. Each of the stages has a plurality of output terminals, and each of the output terminals is connected to at least two gate lines and outputs a first output voltage alternately to the at least two gate lines to turn on thin film transistors.


C1 polymerizations enable the synthesis of densely functionalized, persubstituted polymers that are challenging to access using conventional methods. One class of C1 polymers are the poly(carbyne)s, which are unique in that they can adopt branched or linear structures, or combinations thereof. Herein, we report the synthesis of new poly(carbyne)s, including those that feature side chains with carbonyl-containing functional groups. The polymers were obtained by exposing solutions of monomers outfitted with trihalomethyl or trimethyl orthoformate groups to metallic lithium, and reaction performance was improved when electron transfer agents (e.g. naphthalene) were included. The mechanisms of the polymerizations were also deconvoluted and found to depend on the monomer employed. Supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.


Nucleotides and amino acids are basic building units of RNA, DNA and protein. Although intensive studies on understanding how the change of these building blocks affect the phenotypes of these biopolymers are ever increasing, many popular alignment formats are generated by pairwise comparision tools such as the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). These alignments are user friendly to researchers but are not convenient for searching, filtering and storage, in particular when there are thousands of alignments generated from highly conserved sequences. Here, we introduce a new alignment format, alns, to facilitate rapid and convenient association of genetic changes and similarity to other sources of information such as phenotypes, disease state, time, geography and taxonomy via simple spreadsheet functions. The format shall assist biologists from wide disciplines in knowledge discovery.


In this paper we investigate several central aspects of using the unslotted Contention Resolution Diversity ALOHA (CRA) scheme with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC). A model for the co-user-interference under consideration of time-, phase- and frequency-offsets is presented. With this model, the throughput and Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) performance of CRA is investigated when using Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, showing that CRA can achieve remarkable performance also in these conditions. Moreover, the throughput and PLR gain of CRA in presence of power unbalance is studied, showing that significant gains can be expected. Following this, the central question is answered which channel rates optimize the goodput of CRA, showing that for CRA with few replicas a low, robust channel rate achieves optimum while for high numbers of replicas a high channel rate performs optimum. Finally an investigation of the interference distribution of an asynchronous TDMA scheme with replicas and the SIC operations in it are shown.


A RT-PCR method for detecting the duck hepatitis virus I type was established.A specific fragment was amplified with a pair of primers designed and synthesized based on the gene sequence in GenBank.The fragment was cloned into pGM-T vector,and the positive recombine plasmid was selected and characterized by NotI enzyme digestion.The recombine plasmids were sequenced and compared with pulished sequence,and the homology of Shandong isolated stain was 97.4%.The sensitivity and specificity of the RT-PCR method were very high,which could detect 100 pg RNA of the duck hepatitis virus,but couldn't detect duck plague virus,goose parvovirus,goose paramyxoviridae and muscovy duck parvovirus.So the method can be applied for the fastly diagnosis of duck hepatitis virus I type and clinical duck hepatitis virus infectious samples.


The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the cryogenic imaging spectrometer onboard the ESA L2 mission Athena. With its array of almost 3840 superconducting Transition Edge Sensors micro-calorimeters, the X-IFU will provide spatially resolved (5" over the field of view) high-resolution spectroscopy (2.5 eV FWHM up to 7 keV) in the 0.2-12 keV energy band. These transformational capabilities will allow the X-IFU to probe the Hot and Energetic Universe, and notably measure the physical properties of large-scale structures with unprecedented accuracy. Starting from numerically-simulated massive (1014M) galaxy clusters at different steps of their evolution, we investigate the capabilities of the X-IFU in recovering chemical abundances, redshift and gas temperature spatial distributions across time, making use of full field-of-view End-To-End simulations of X-IFU observations. This work serve as feasibility study for the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe science objective. We show that using 100 ks observations, the X-IFU will provide an unprecedented spatially-accurate knowledge of the physics of the ICM (abundances, temperature, bulk-motion). We also demonstrate that challenges related to the data analysis of extended sources with very high-resolution spectrometers (e.g. binning, line of sight mixing, particle background) need to be thoroughly addressed to maximise the science of the instrument.


This document describes IPP from a high level view, defines a roadmap
for the various documents that form the suite of IPP specifications,
and gives background and rationale for the IETF working group's
major decisions. This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.


A non-isolated high boost DC-DC converter topology based on a switched-capacitor (SC) structure is introduced in this paper. By controlling the duty cycle in each period, the voltage gain of the converter is adjusted. The main features of the proposed SC converter are the continuous input current, achieving high voltage gain with low voltage and current stress on the power components, no use of a high-frequency transformer, and easy to increase the voltage by adding the SC cell. To correct the operating analysis, a 200-W output power prototype was built with the input voltage in the range of [25 V, 50 V] and the output voltage of 200 V. The proposed inverter reaches a maximum efficiency of 93% at the input voltage of 25 V and the output power of 150 W. The simulation and experimental verifications match the analysis.


This paper examines the tension between linguistic unification and language rights in Nigeria and assesses the nature, causes, and implications of the tension against the background of the country's history, political development, and language situation. Drawing upon comparative data, the findings are discussed with reference to the contrasting processes of unifying the linguistic market and preserving minority language rights. The language planning model evolved by Nigeria in reconciling these two processes is critically examined within the wider context of language status planning in Africa and elsewhere. investigates one of the most common sources of cross-cultural misunderstanding between and English speakers: the way questions and are phrased. It is based on an analysis of hundreds of authentic speech acts recorded in an office-work situation in which French people used English as a second language. The analysis, based on an adaptation of the Cross Cultural Speech Act Realisation Project coding system, compares questions in English by Australian speakers with questions in French and in English by native French speakers. Marked differences in the choice of syntax and lexicon emerge between the two groups. Three types of explanation are put forward for this linguistic behaviour: and they The paper examines the position of the Tamil language in Singapore. It is one of the four official languages of the country, but shows signs of decline in recent years relative to English, Chinese and Malay. The reasons for this are explored. Its low social status is the primary factor. Tamil is still associated with poverty and lack of social and political influence. But other factors, some of them more amenable to planned intervention, are also working against it. Formal varieties of the language are still dominant in the media, limiting its popular appeal A prescriptive, language-centred at-titude dominates in the schools also, making Tamil increasingly a 'classroom language' that has little likelihood of being used for everyday communication. The paper argues that it will be essential in the coming years to increase the out-of-school use of the language among young Singaporean and Malaysian Tamils. To achieve this it will be necessary to get them to use the language more often in the home, thus bridging the gulf between the formal varieties of the language, associated with school, media, and temple, and the informal varieties that still flourish in everyday transactions. This study compares task outcome and various dialogue parameters between situations in which task participants either could or could not not see each other. The results establish that the visibility of one's conversational partner improves information transfer and the management of turn-taking in a transactional problem-solving task. The greater efficiency of the dialogues between participants who could see each other was attributed to the exchange of visually transmitted, non-verbal signals. In attempting to compensate for the lack of this additional channel of communication, pairs of subjects who could not see each other demonstrated flexibility and versatility in communicating. They interrupted their partners more frequently and used more back channel responses to provide their partners with increased verbal feedback. The analysis of one specific non-verbal behaviour, gaze, for a subsample of the dialogues, suggested that gaze plays a role in aiding communication. comparing particular age points this case, 1;4). Correlational analysis of these different measures shows not only that attentional and behavioural directiveness are not significantly related, but also that they are differentially predictive of different measures of referential style. Attentional directiveness is significantly related to referential style at 1; 4, but not to referential style at 50 words; behavioral directiveness is significantly related to referential style in the child's subsequent 50 words, but not to referential style at 1;4. These findings suggest that, although the attentional regulation hypothesis may be potentially useful explaining differences in rate of vocabulary development, it may be less valuable as a means of explaining stylistic variation in early vocabulary composition. This conclusion underlines the need to distinguish relationships between interactional behaviour and in their early from more general effects of maternal behaviour on children's overall rate of language development. This study concerns the role of prosody in the structuring of information in monologue discourse, from the point of view of production as well as perception. Two prosodic variables were investigated: speech melody and pauses. Melodically, it was found that local intonation features (falling vs. rising tones) are employed to indicate discourse boundaries. On a more global level, speakers appear to use relative height of pitch peaks and of average pitch values as markers of information units. Furthermore, speakers manipulate both the dis-tribution of pauses and their relative length to mark information flow. A perception experiment was carried out to evaluate the perceptual impact of both speech melody and pause. It was found that, in the absence of semantic cues, both melodic and pausal information is used by listeners to process the incoming signal in terms of discourse structure. This paper is an attempt to come to terms with standings of the relationship between language, the different understandings of the term'discourse'. By individual, ideology, and society. Ultimately, it is comparing the common use of' discourse analysis' argued that there are limitations to both the common in applied linguistics with its use both in critical applied linguistic and the critical approaches, and discourse analysis and in a Foucauldian use of the that it would be useful to explore further the term, the author tries to show how these different possibilities raised by a Foucauldian understanding approaches imply profoundly different under-of discourse analysis.


Impaired global coronary flow reserve (G-CFR) is known to predict worse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Phase contrast cine-magnetic resonance imaging (PC-CMR) of the coronary sinus (CS) is a promising approach for quantifying coronary sinus flow (CSF) and G-CFR without the need for ionizing radiation, radioactive tracers, or intravascular catheterization. Although G-CFR impairment is previously reported to be linked with endothelium dysfunction and progression of atherosclerosis, the association of perivascular adipose tissue inflammation with myocardial coronary flow remains to be determined.

 We evaluated the association between G-CFR by quantifying CSF using PC-CMR and the extent of coronary inflammation evaluated by perivascular adipose tissue inflammatory status using CT to assess if coronary inflammation is linked with G-CFR in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) treated with elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

 The study enrolled 74 SAP patients with single denovo lesion who underwent coronary CT angiography and PC-CMR within 90 days before coronary intervention. Proximal 40-mm segments of all three major epicardial coronary vessels were traced and examined. Coronary inflammation was assessed by the CT fat attenuation index of perivascular adipose tissue (FAI-PVAT) defined as the mean attenuation of the perivascular adipose tissue (−190 to −30 Hounsfield units (HU)) in a layer of tissue within a radial distance from the outer coronary artery wall equal to the diameter of the vessel. CMR images were also acquired to assess absolute CSF at rest and during maximum hyperemia before elective PCI. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the number of inflamed vessels as defined by showing FAI ≥−70.1 HU.

 In the final analysis of 69 patients (mean age 67, Male 45 (65.2%)), 18, 19, 20, 12 patients exhibited none, 1, 2, 3 inflamed vessels with FAI ≥−70.1 HU, respectively. Rest and maximal hyperemic CSF and corrected G-CFR were 1.28 [0.76,1.55] vs 1.47 [1.11, 1.81] vs 1.30 [0.94, 1.64] vs 1.27 [1.11, 2.00] ml/min/g; P=0.49, 3.50 [2.84, 5.25] vs 3.28 [2.62, 4.31] vs 3.11 [2.16, 3.63] vs 2.37 [1.40, 2.98] ml/min/g; P=0.049, 3.57 [2.17, 4.54] vs 2.25 [1.73, 3.49] vs 2.26 [1.64, 3.38] vs 1.89 [0.89, 2.32]; P=0.023, respectively. G-CFR and hyperemic CSF were both significantly lower in the group with larger number of inflamed vessels.

 In SAP patients with significant coronary artery stenosis, G-CFR obtained by PC-CMR significantly associated with the prevalence of inflamed vessels detected by coronary CT. The extent of coronary inflammation may influence global coronary endothelium dysfunction, resulting in decreased G-CFR.


Based on the analysis of present situation of ecological circular agriculture development in Zhejiang Province,the problems of limited resources,backward technology and capital shortage were proposed,and the solutions were put forward to promote the construction of modern agricultural industry system and accelerate the change from the traditional agriculture model to ecological circular agriculture model,such as choosing suitable development models according to local conditions,promoting the construction of agricultural demonstration zones,improving ecological technology,and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of resources and farming system innovation.


Medical Image segmentation is to partition the image into a set of regions that are visually obvious and consistent with respect to some properties such as gray level, texture or color. Brain tumor classification is an imperative and difficult task in cancer radiotherapy. The objective of this research is to examine the use of pattern classification methods for distinguishing different types of brain tumors, such as primary gliomas from metastases, and also for grading of gliomas. Manual classification results look better because it involves human intelligence but the disadvantage is that the results may differ from one person to another person and takes long time. MRI image based automatic diagnosis method is used for early diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors. In this article, fully automatic, multi class brain tumor classification approach using hybrid structure descriptor and Fuzzy logic based Pair of RBF kernel support vector machine is developed. The method was applied to a population of 102 brain tumors histologically diagnosed as Meningioma (115), Metastasis (120), Gliomas grade II (65) and Gliomas grade II (70). Classification accuracy of proposed system in class 1(Meningioma) type tumor is 98.6%, class 2 (Metastasis) is 99.29%, class 3(Gliomas grade II) is 97.87% and class 4(Gliomas grade III) is 98.6%.


Abstract Leadership and career readiness are important goals for youth development. Entrepreneurship has recently been considered as a potential intervention to support these aims. This study examined a venture development program for low-income youth through participant surveys (n = 57) and a comparison group (n = 72). Findings from structural equation modeling indicate relationships between the program and project management skills, which in turn was associated with youth leadership. Findings also showed relationships between the program and financial literacy, which was associated with an increase in future orientation. This study shows early evidence of entrepreneurship and venture creation as mechanisms to support marginalized youth.


ABSTRACT Walter Hollenweger had a profound impact on a variety of theological disciplines that was nurtured by his personal story. This essay accounts for his ecumenical legacy beginning with the Pentecostal Church in Switzerland to the World Council of Churches in Geneva through an autobiographical account by one of his former students. The essay traces Hollenweger's early career followed by personal reflections and insights that take Hollenweger's ecumenical legacy from Birmingham to Geneva to Romania and beyond.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Novel chromono[2,3-e][1,2,4,3]triazaphosphepines 3−7, chromono[2,3-d][1,3,2]diazaphosphinine 8, chro-monyl α-hydrazinophosphonic acid 10, chromono[3,2-d][1,2]azaphosphole 11 and diethyl N-chromony-lphosphonoacetamide 12 were synthesized from treatment of 2-amino-3-[(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]chromone (2) with some phosphorus reagents such as phosphorus halides, phosphorus sulfides, and phosphonic acid and its diesters, in dry dioxane. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro in relation to hepatocellular Hep-G2, breast MCF-7 and colon HCT-116 human cancer cell lines, using a crystal violet viability assay. Compounds 6, 7, 8, and 10 had significant cytotoxic effects against the three cancer cell lines. Their IC50 values ranged between 1.56 and 12.4 µg/mL in comparison to doxorubicin (IC50 = 0.426-0.469 µg/mL).


Chemical mechanical nano grinding is a key technology in magnetic recording head manufacturing process. The magnetic recording head is an important component of hard disk drive which is used for reading and writing data in to the media. Thin film of metal alloys and metal oxides are fabricated on ceramic substrate called wafer to create the recording heads. In order to control surface properties of the recording head, the precise chemical mechanical nano grinding process is used. In this process the recording heads are treated to archive the designed surface properties by using lubricants to control the selectivity of material removal. This research studied the effect of additives in ethylene glycol based lubricant on the selectivity of material removal. Two additives were added in ethylene glycol to create the lubricant and their pHs were measured. The material removal rate can be predicted by measuring wettability of lubricant on surface of material. Nickel iron alloy (NiFe) was used to represent the surface material of magnetic shield of the recording head. The wettability of lubricants were measured on NiFe surface by contact angle measurement technique to show the selectivity on each NiFe. The results were compared with the atomic force micrograph of material after lapping process and show that the selective removal of material can be occurred by this method. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia.


We report the discovery of C2-symmetric nickel catalysts capable of the regio- and isoselective polymerization of 1-butene to produce isotactic 4,2-poly(1-butene), a new semi-crystalline polyolefin. The catalyst exhibits enantioface selectivities as high as 84% and the resulting polymers display melting temperatures up to 86 °C. This system marks a rare example of preserving stereochemistry through a chain walking polymerization process.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the preoperative factors that predict a positive frozen section during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, Gleason score, the number or percent (%) of cancer-positive cores from prostate biopsy, and the clinical stage of 364 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2007. We compared these parameters between patients who had positive frozen sections in specimens from the urethra or bladder neck with those who had negative frozen sections. Results: The PSA and Gleason score were significantly higher and prostate volume was significantly smaller in patients with positive frozen sections in the urethra than in patients with negative frozen sections. The results were the same for the bladder neck. In multivariate analysis, PSA was the only independent predictor for positive frozen sections at the bladder neck, and the cutoff value was 8.71 ng/ml. Conclusions: Preoperative PSA may be a potent factor for predicting positive frozen sections during radical prostatectomy, especially in the bladder neck. Therefore, it may be beneficial to prepare frozen sections of the bladder neck during the operation to reduce the positive resection margin when PSA is higher than 8.7 ng/ml. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:751-756) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


The purpose of this study is to test a hypothesis that the relationship intensity between personal constructs is stable in comparison to interpersonal perception. Role Construct Rep Test (Split-Half Form) was given to 337 university students twice with an interval of 2 months. The relationship intensities between personal constructs were highly stable between situations in comparison to interpersonal perceptions. Moreover, one index of the relationship intensities between constructs revealed a high intra-individual stability of the relative position of each construct in a construct system. Another index revealed a high inter-individual stability of the retative position of each individual in his group.


For the Incentive Award of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan Incentive Award, this review will over view the works of mass spectrometry from Setou lab. Mainly, papers 2002‒2010 are about development of imaging mass spectrometry. Papers 2010‒2015 are mainly the application of imaging mass spectrometry for clinical samples. Recently, several papers are about the applications of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Most signi cant ndings are that various lipid species have their own tissue distribution pattern in tissues and cells through these studies. DOI:10.5702/massspec.16‒75


Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major component of extracellular matrix, which are necessary for the regulation of cell growth and proliferation and the maintenance of tissue hydration.1 Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of special lysosomal disease characterized by the deficiency of lysosomal enzyme to degrade the GAGs. The GAGs are widespread deposition on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, resulting in dysfunction of multiple tissues and organs.1 Mucopolysaccharidose is divided into 7 types according to the effects of metabolic pathways and the substrates accumulated with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I, OMIM 252800) being the most prevalent type diagnosed worldwide.2 Genetic analysis showed that MPS I is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused due to alpha-L-iduronidase gene (IDUA) defect. The gene consists of 14 exons and 13 introns located on chromosome 4p16.3 and codes for an enzyme protein of 653 amino acids which hydrolyzes the terminal alpha-L-iduronic acid residues of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate.3 Previous survey showed that the birth incidence of MPS I is approximately 1 in 100,000 live births,4 but a delay in diagnosis is not uncommon. Here, we report a novel IDUA variant in 2 Chinese siblings with ocular hypertension and corneal opacity in a nonconsanguineous marriage family.


In order to salvage the crisis in Tibet,under the agreement of Qing government,ZHAO Er-feng was appointed as the minister of Sichuan-Yunnan border affairs.And the strategy of governing Tibet depending on Kang area was implemented.ZHAO Er-feng toke measures to resist British colonizers,against Russian's invasion of China,enrich the boundary and consolidate the Tibet in several years.This paper introduces the forestry activities rarely known in this area,such as protecting forests,planting trees,mining lacquer,producing the paper,bargaining the brick tea,and trading medicinal materials.The paper also points out some important roles of these activities in consolidating the boundary of this area,in order to make up the deficiency of previous scholars,strengthen people's understanding of history of that period.


The inverted gyrotwystron (phigtron) is a millimeter wave frequency-doubling amplifier that has been demonstrated to produce over 300 kW peak power at twice the input frequency (centered at f/sub in/=16.85 GHz and f/sub out/=33.7 GHz) over a 0.5% bandwidth with a saturated gain of 30 dB and efficiency greater than 35%. The device has also been studied both theoretically and experimentally in a different operating regime where frequency-doubled, phase-locked oscillation is possible. A signal, injected via a fundamental gyro-traveling wave tube input section, modulated a 55 kV, 10 A electron beam. After transit through a drift section, the prebunched electron beam produced phase-locked, second harmonic oscillations in a TE/sub 03/ mode output cavity. RF output centered at either of two frequencies, 34.42 and 34.62 GHz, with a maximum output power of 180 kW, an efficiency of 32% and a locked signal gain of 35 dB was measured. A theoretical prediction of locking bandwidth, a design overview, and the experimental results are presented followed by a summary and discussion of the results.


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the method of separation of gas from the fluidized mix of gas / solid substances contained in the reactor and also to the reactor for implementation of this method. The reactor contains the channels of supply of gas and solid substances, the gas removal channel, the solid substances removal channel and the internal device which occupies no more than 10% of the area of free section of the reactor and in which the area of projection to the free section of the reactor corresponds to more than 75% of the area of free section of the reactor, while the internal device is located in the reactor part where the expected level of vacuum exceeds 0.7, and the internal device contains the internal unitary block which contains two layers of reflectors. EFFECT: invention provides efficient separation of gas from fluidized mix. 17 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex


I F the major attribute of the hurnan mind is the capacity to investigate, t.o enquire, to_ discover, and to invent, the dominant n1otive behind this is surely the urge to knovv and understand, and the effort to find lneaning in life. 'I'his "effort after lneaning", this desire to find order and reason in the universe around us, is the motive force behind the discoveries of most great thinkers. 'l'he san1e po\ver has prompted the 1nany diffCrent theories and world·vie\vs, sane and aberrant, proposed down the ages by geniuses and cranks alike. 'T'h~ search for meaning is a search for reality. The human mind is not satisfied until it can account for and relate all the various data and evidence at its disposal \Vithin one comn1on framework of ideas. "Peace,,, says Pitirim Sorokin, "is not absence of struggle but absence of uncer~ tainty and confusion". 'I'his distils the essence of the motive behind nearly all forms of human enquiry. 'fhe tnind \vill not abide uncertainty, confusion, lack of order, inconsistency, and lack of inte~ gration of ideas. The advent of n1odern science disrupted and overturned 1nany of man's for1ner conceptions of the nature of the universe. In the West mediaeval moulds of thought \Vere broken and have never been recovered. A scientific era, largely 1nechanist, "1naterialist" in its focus, and co1npletely sceptical of all ideas that could not be sul~jected to its O\Vn type of Hscientific test" set in. This \vas a very necessary corrective to the unthinking and unrealistic (because not based on reality) notions of Ian Gordon .. Brown


Chronic Q fever (QF) infection is considered a synonym for endocarditis and, less frequently, hepatitis. Rarely, it may resemble hematological malignancies. We present an unusual chronic QF infection mimicking lymphoma with secondary hemophagocytosis. A high level of suspicion for QF is essential in cases with an unusual course.


The G8,2 geometric algebra, also called the double conformal/Darboux cyclide geometric algebra (DCGA), has entities that represent conic sections. DCGA also has entities that represent planar sections of Darboux cyclides, which are called cyclidic sections in this paper. This paper presents these entities and many operations on them, in terms of algebraic expressions, computer code, and many examples of computer‐generated graphics. Operations include reflection, projection, rejection, and intersection with respect to spheres and planes. Other operations include rotation, translation, and dilation. Possible applications are introduced, which include orthographic and perspective projections of conic sections onto view planes, which may be of interest in computer graphics or other computational geometry subjects


Background: Recent studies have suggested an association between gut microbiota (GM) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, observational studies cannot indicate causality and population-level studies with a higher evidence level for causality are lacking. Therefore, our study aimed to explore the causal association of GM with VTE. Methods: This study utilized the summary-level data of respective genome-wide association study for 196 gut microbial taxa and VTE. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was deployed and comprehensively sensitive analyses were followed to validate the robustness of results. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, the weighted median method, weighted mode method, simple mode method, MR-Egger regression, MR-Egger intercept test, Cochrane's Q-test, outlier test, and leave-one-out analysis as the primary analysis. Results: We identi�ed suggestive associations between 17 bacterial traits and the risk of VTE. Porphyromonadaceae (IVW odds ratio (OR): 1.3729, p=0.0035) and Cyanobacteria (IVW OR: 1.2151, p=0.0048) were associated with increased risk of VTE. Three gut microbiota taxa (Eubacteriumrectalegroup (IVW OR: 1.0038, p=0.0278), Coprococcus2 (IVW OR: 1.0041, p = 0.0063), and LachnospiraceaeUCG001 (IVW OR: 1.0041, p=0.0009) were predicted to play a causal role in enhancing the risk of encompassing deep vein thrombosis. And three gut microbiota taxa (Christensenellaceae (IVW OR: 1.0023, p=0.0497), Streptococcaceae (IVW OR: 1.0031, p=0.0279), Victivallaceae (IVW OR: 1.0014, p=0.0493) were positively associated with pulmonary embolism. Conclusions: This study suggested the role of the speci�c GM on the risk for VTE, which may provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of VTE in the future


This paper proposes a new framework that performs spectrum sensing in soft decision based distributed detection systems while considering correlated sensors' readings. The main contribution is formulating the problem into a nonlinear integer programming problem for which the genetic algorithm is further applied to find a suboptimal solution. This framework is able to handle both soft and hard decisions while assuming correlation for any number of sensors, and hence largely extends the scenarios being considered in previous works. The results show that our scheme outperforms previous schemes and approaches the centralized detection scheme performance in terms of probability of error.