A wear sensor device (100) for a disc brake (1), especially for a motor vehicle, with a brake caliper (5), which is designed as a slide caliper, and an adjusting device (12), the wear sensing device (100) a housing (18) having a printed circuit board (16) having a connection device (17) and a lining wear sensor (14). The wear sensor device (100) has a seat position sensor device (20). A disc brake assembly and a disc brake are provided.


The invention discloses a spam message processing method and spam message processing equipment, which relate to the field of monitoring of spam messages. The method of the invention comprises that: when receiving the spam message, a short message service center replaces all or a part of contents of the spam message with set contents, and then transmits the message subjected to replacement processing to a receiver. In the technical scheme of the invention, the message of the SMSC is monitored in real time, and the contents are selectively transmitted, intercepted or replaced according to set rules and then are transmitted, thereby solving the problem of short message final-calling success rate reduction caused by simple interception in the conventional spam message monitoring.


 Abstract— Energy consumption has become a critical issue in many high performance microprocessors. Chip multiprocessors, CMP is only way to build high performance microprocessors. Most of the power dissipated in microprocessor is contributed by on chip cache memories. This paper includes a CMP architecture in which way tagging is applied to cache memories for reducing energy consumption. A two core processor architecture with a shared L3 cache has been selected. For each core, the way information of L2 cache is maintained in the L1 cache and that of L3 cache in L2 cache. The IO power report after implementation shows that about 50% of power reduction can be achieved by including way tagging into CMP architecture compared to conventional CMP.


General presentation The term Amphibian created by Linné before, included the Reptiles. It was then restrained to Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders,newts, and sirens) Latreille in 1825. Afterwards, Gymnophiona (caecelians) were finally added. Anurans represent by far the greatest diversity of amphibians with more than 4100 species divided among 21 families. Caudatans comprise 450 species. Urodeles have long tails, with toothed larval forms often being similar in appearances to the adults. Neotony is common among the salamander families, with the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) being the most common example. Gymnophiona are approximately 165 know species of caecilians. They are sporadically seen in zoological collection. In spite of visible heterogeneity in these 3 orders of Actual Amphibians. Today all the amphibians have at least 2 permanent and common anatomical characteristics. pedicel teeth : the crown is loosely attached to the base or pedicel , of the tooth that is in turn attached to the jaw. they have a second ossicle in the inner ear There no chance statistically to have these 2 characters appearing independently of one another in the three orders, we must recognize a monophyletic origin to the amphibian class.


We have analyzed the data collected during an observational campaign of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) plasma irregularities using 50 MHz coherent back-scatter radar operated at São Luís, Brazil. We have selected a disturbed 3-day period for the present analysis. A correlative analysis of the auroral electrojet indices and radar and magnetometer data are carried out to investigate the diverse characteristics of the responses of the EEJ and its instabilities processes to the disturbance zonal electric fields that penetrate to equatorial latitudes during auroral disturbance. Large degree of day-to-day variability in the EEJ current intensity, 3-meter echo powers were observed. Among the outstanding results of this analysis are the following findings: (a) the observed EEJ current and 3-meter irregularity response phases to the intensification/decay phases of an auroral sub-storm event agree with the prediction by the existing models; (b) the phase relationship of the EEJ response versus AE intensification is altered/inverted under the presence of a ring current (Dst) development; and (c) the amplitude of the EEJ response show clear local time dependence being maximum around noon. These results are presented and discussed.


This paper discusses substitution of nursing tasks among skill levels of nurses, shows its importance in the general nurse allocation model, and reports the results of an attempt to measure task substitution directly. After a brief review of two nurse allocation models which emphasize the role substitution plays, a less sophisticated descriptive model of the allocation decision is presented, which also emphasizes the role of substitution. The results of the measurement are presented.


Ethical decision-making models grounded in ethical frameworks comprehend elements of systems thinking such as holistic language and value-guided systems. This paper proposes an innovative educational model for systems thinking in architectural design. Academic members, students, and future users work together as an international architectural design studio team to improve specific real-world living conditions. The model of Build Our Nation aims at reconsidering the whole design process by focusing on rethinking design and rethinking construction. In response to the current global crisis in designing and building, the paper argues that more than a responsible behaviour has become necessary. Starting from the educational stage an ethic of resilience should be pursued and that represents the core of the model proposed by Build Our Nation.


In the Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process used for microelectronics manufacturing, three contact regimes between the wafer surface and the polishing pad may be proposed: direct contact, mixed or partial contact, and hydroplaning. An effective in-situ method for characterizing the wafer/pad contact and a systematic way of relating contact conditions to the process parameters are both lacking. In this work, the interfacial friction force, measured by a load sensor on the wafer carrier, characterizes the contact conditions. Models that relate the friction coefficient to the applied pressure, relative velocity, and slurry viscosity are developed and verified by experiments. Additionally, a correlation between friction coefficient and the material removal rate (MRR) is established. The effects of process parameters on the Preston constant are investigated. Process optimization methods based on extending the high-material-removal regime are also suggested and discussed.


An experimental study of Kevlar-29/epoxy composite thin wall cylinders under internal pressure loading has been investigated in this work. Kevlar/epoxy composite specimens have been fabricated and tested. All of these specimens were tested by using the hydraulic pump and it were subjected to a uniformed internal pressure loading. The results that were obtained from this work to find the (PIR) and derived the failure load with comparison have been presented. The comparison was done and at last the more strength material using for fabricating a thin wall composite pressure vessel was specified. The efficient and effective composite cylinder have been presented experimentally and provided considerable advantage for using woven roving fibers in pressure vessels applications.


The archivist Martin Grass defines personal archives as that they do not have to adapt to guidelines when it comes to the culling or preservation of the material, the submitting of the material to an archive is not done directly after the material is created or collected and that they often concern broader subjects. In this thesis I study the creator of the personal archives and the driving forces behind their collecting and submitting of material. My aim is to build an understanding for the little person in relation to the big historical context and the questions that I ask myself are: Who can the creator of the personal archives be and what's important to her? What are the driving forces behind private collecting for these people? And does the creator of the personal archives want to be as visible as possible?

In this essay I do not contemplate the material in the personal archives because I am just interested in understanding how the chain of thinking behind collecting material that concerns their own life could be understood. I have used a list of 17 questions and the 8 informants I got represent 5 of the 30 archives I have been in contact with. .
I have used theories that concern power and how this power can be exercised and used in our advantage. My results from the survey showed that almost everybody think that the archives are in need of more and varied material. Only one informant says that the good for society was the driving force but when asked, most of the informant wished that the material could achieve this.

The main driving force seemed to be the feeling of leaving traces due to the fact that most of them started collecting because they wanted to document their lives. Some put their belief in the people working at the archives when it comes to the use of the material but a few of them have very specific restrictions, one of them that the material is not to be used until 2036, which leads me to understand that not all creators of personal archives want to be as visible as possible.
In my analysis and discussion I argue for how the litterature wants to see the collector and how I interpret the answers from my informants in relation to these thoughts.


We have developed a simple assembly technology to realize the tilted vertical combs for electrostatic micromirror scanners. The in-plane vertical comb electrodes are easily transformed into out-of-plane tilted comb by asymmetrical pushing down the levers of the spring that is attached to the micro mirror. The fabricated mirror scanner showed the optical scan angle of up to 1.3deg at 60 V and the resonant frequency of 3.15 kHz.


Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the force applied by a broad arch form orthodontic archwire on displaced teeth in ovoid arch form maxillary dentition. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro three-point test was devised to study force applied. An Ovoid form Maxillary pre-treatment model was selected at random. Right Lateral incisor and left second premolar teeth were trimmed out to simulate deflected teeth. Three different brands of wires were evaluated. The wires were divided into four groups.  Each group had 10 wires for testing. The testing was done in both sites. ANOVA test was done to compare the mean force levels. Results: The lowest force level at 0mm deflection was recorded at 1.27gf and the highest force level at 4mm was recorded at 355.88gf. Conclusion:  The forces applied were low and there was no significant difference in the force levels among the groups.


Aerogel fillings have been investigated in a continuing effort to develop low-density thermal-insulation tiles that, relative to prior such tiles, have greater dimensional stability (especially less shrinkage), equal or lower thermal conductivity, and greater strength and durability. In preparation for laboratory tests of dimensional and thermal stability, prototypes of aerogel-filled versions of recently developed low-density tiles have been fabricated by impregnating such tiles to various depths with aerogel formations ranging in density from 1.5 to 5.6 lb/ft3 (about 53 to 200 kg/cu m). Results available at the time of reporting the information for this article showed that the thermal-insulation properties of the partially or fully aerogel- impregnated tiles were equivalent or superior to those of the corresponding non-impregnated tiles and that the partially impregnated tiles exhibited minimal (<1.5 percent) shrinkage after multiple exposures at a temperature of 2,300 F (1,260 C). Latest developments have shown that tiles containing aerogels at the higher end of the density range are stable after multiple exposures at the said temperature.


The Bohmann lab, based at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, uses Drosophila to explore the cross-talk between stress and metabolic regulation, with the goal of understanding how the signaling pathways involved can drive aging, cancer and other degenerative pathologies. In this interview, Dirk Bohmann describes his motives for moving into the fly field, explains how the study of aging can give important insights into complex disease mechanisms, and advocates using a systems-biology approach to advance drug discovery.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a computer system capable of automatic environment setting at the time of connection with an extended system. SOLUTION: At the time of connection with an extended system 20, a docking controller 15 in a main body 10 of system acquires the configuration information on the extended system 20 containing the presence/absence of a display controller 21 from a docking controller 23 of the extended system 20 and executes a notice for requesting the update of environment setting to a system controller 11. Based on this configuration information on the extended system 20 acquired by the docking controller 15 in the main body 10 of system, the system controller 11 executes the update of environment setting so as to effectively operate various devices arranged in the extended system 20.


The goal of this paper is to get an econometric evaluation of the effects of the social network's mobilization, as a job search strategy, on wages. We make use of switching regression models to deal simultaneously with an endogenous selection issue in the network's choice and the existence of two different regimes of wage determination. Econometric estimates provide evidence for the existence of a selection effect on the choice of network but, after correcting the selection bias on the wage equations, the effect of social network on wages is negative.


Generality of sport technique diagnosis is studied,and development of sport technique diagnosis,the concept,task,sort and characteristic are discussed in details,which is useful to promote the development of subject and curricular system.


This study analyses climate change vulnerability and adaptation in a northern province in Vietnam from the gender perspective.,A survey questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) was calculated for 134 female and 239 male-headed households. Descriptive statistics were synthesized to investigate climate change adaptation from the gender perspective.,The results show that the LVI of female-headed households is higher than male-headed households, but the variation is negligible. In addition, female and male farmers in the study area use different methods to adapt to climate change. Female farmers have critically contributed to the family workforce and climate change adaptation. Nevertheless, female farmers have less accessibility to agricultural services such as training and credit.,The study suggests that gendered interventions for improvement of livelihood to adapt to climate change should be developed for each aspect of the livelihood. Furthermore, enhancement of services for women and recognition of women's roles in responding to climate change would contribute to more active adaptation to climate change.,Studies on climate change from the gender perspective in Vietnam have been conducted on a limited scale. Particularly, there are very limited studies on climate change in association with gender issue in North Vietnam. Thus, this study will provide more insights into the gender dimension of climate change vulnerability and adaptation so that gender-based adaptation strategies can be developed.


Background:-Mitotic figures refer to the various phases of mitosis which are well appreciated in tissue sections.They act as prognostic indicators in oral epithelial dysplasia. Aim:-To compare and evaluate the mitotic figures in oral epithelial dysplasia using H & E and Toluidine blue stains. Objective:-Using H&E, Toluidine blue stains in the identification and counting of mitotic figures in diagnosed cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and thereby to evaluate their efficacy. Materials and methods:-The study sample includes sections from tissues embedded in paraffin blocks diagnosed as oral epithelial dysplasia. These sections will be stained with various stains and the mitotic figures will be assessed. Results:-Mitotic figures were enhanced with Toluidine blue stain.


Abstract Six organic-inorganic hybrid salts, ([(HL1)2(CdCl4)(H2O)] (1) (L1 = 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethanone), [(HL2)2(ZnCl4)(H2O)] (2) (L2 = 6-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine), [(H2L3)2(CdCl4)2(CH3OH)] (3) (L3 = bis(N-imidazolyl)methane), [(H2L4)(ZnCl4)(H2O)2] (4) (L4 = bis(N-imidazolyl)butane), [(H2L5)2(CuCl4)2]·7H2O (5) (L5 = di(2-benzimidazol-1-ylethyl)ether) and [(H2L6)4(ZnCl4)4]·7H2O (6) (L6 = 1,2-bis(2-benzimidazolyl)-1,2-ethanediol)), were prepared and characterized by IR, XRD, EA and TG analyses. The aryl rings of the cations in all salts are essentially planar. XRD analysis indicated that all of the complexes are built from non-covalent bonds between the cations and the tetrachlorometallate anions. The lattice solvent (H2O/CH3OH) molecules also played crucial roles in structure extension of all salts. Extensive intermolecular interactions have been used in the self-assembly of motifs, ranging from strong X-H···Y (X = O, N; Y = Cl, O) H-bonds to weak CH···A (A = O, Cl, Br), CH2···A (A = O, Cl), O···O, Cl···O, Cl···S, Cl···π, Br···Cl, CH3···π and π···π associations. 3 D architectures are found in 1 and 3-6, but only a 2 D architecture appeared in 2. The arrangements of the anions and cations in the solid are governed not only by the size and symmetry of the cations, but also by the non-covalent bonds in the crystal structures. Graphical Abstract


To assess an application of modified K562 cells expressing exogenous 4-1BBL and IL-15 in tumor adoptive immunotherapy,activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes after incubating with the modified K562 cells were investigated in which the 4-1BBL and IL-15 cDNA gene were introduced into respective multi-cloning sites of the double expression eukaryotic vector pVITRO-2,and after identification by DNA sequencing analysis,stable expression of exogenous 4-1BBL and IL-15 in K562 cells were carried out through transfection mediated by liposome.Under the selection of hygromycin B,4-1BBL expression was confirmed by flow cytometery and IL-15 expression by RT-PCR.Sorted by flow cytometery,the modified K562 cells treated by mitomycin C previously were co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes for 24 hours.Expression of activating receptor(CD69) on T cells,γδT cells,and CD69,NKG2D receptors on NK cells were detected by flow cytometery.Cytolysis of NK cells stimulated by K562-4-1BBL-IL-15 cells was detected by LDH method.Results displayed that after co-cultured with K562/4-1BBL/IL-15 cells,expression of CD69 had no significant variation compared to stimulation from original K562 cells.However,γδT cells and NK cells up-regulated CD69 expression for 5-folds and 6-folds respectively,the NKG2D expression increased up to 1.5 folds.In addition,cytotoxicity of NK cells stimulated by K562/4-1BBL/IL-15 cells was significantly increased compared to control groups.These results suggested that this kind of modified K562 cells could be used to stimulate γδT and NK cells in vitro for tumor adoptive immunotherapy.


Tables and plots of provisional hourly values of the equatorial Dst index for 1971 are given, a table of daily mean Dst values for 1971 is also provided. The base line values for the four observatories, Hermanus, Kakioka, Honolulu, and San Juan, were obtained from extrapolations using the coefficients for the secular variations determined for the previous years. Examining the Dst values for quiet days, the base lines so determined appear to be slightly low, so that the Dst index for quiet periods tends to be high.


At present,there is a minimally invasive trend in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation gradually, especially since the German doctor Hoogland invent the TESSYS technology, it brings a revolutionary progress in the minimally invasive treatment of lumbar disc herniation.We gradually sum up experience and achieve similar effect as Dr.Hoogland after introducing the technology.At the same time,we find that there are multiple pathological manifestation of lumbar protrusion of the intervertebral disc,it can achieve better results according to the endoscopic classification. In addition,we also expand the indications of TESSYS technology.


Abstract.— A token economy program was applied on a ward for 12 chronic schizophrenic patients. An ABABC-design, i.e. a group reversal design with a noncontingent reinforcement phase at the end, was used to evaluate the treatment. The patients' activity-level increased from baseline to the treatment phase. During the reversal period the activity-level decreased but it increased again when the token economy was reintroduced. The non-contingent reinforcement resulted in the predicted decrease for two of the six behaviors recorded. Five of the twelve patients were discharged from the ward during the 8-month program period and none of them had been readmitted at the end of the one year follow-up. Individual treatment programs for two of the patients concerning aggressive acts, deficient eye-contact and lip-biting are described.


ABSTRACT Libraries within higher education institutions in Jamaica make tremendous use of information communication technology in their efforts to provide their users with access to electronic resources. Faced with shrinking budgets, currency exchange issues, and the increasing costs of electronic resources, it has become extremely challenging to fund these expenditures. These libraries must demonstrate value to parent institutions through the provision of electronic resources in support of online program offerings. Faced with an ongoing cycle of assessment for accreditation at the program or university level, libraries are also pressured to ensure that their collections are current and provide full coverage. Librarians have had to find innovative methods to maintain their current resources and, where possible acquire new ones amid these challenges. This paper highlights how libraries in higher education institutions in Jamaica have sought through collaboration to acquire and deliver quality electronic resources to their stakeholders.


This paper presents a novel approach to improve the dynamic response of inductive dc-dc converters in applications having repetitive load profiles. In many Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), the load current profile has a periodic nature, and is therefore predictable by the power management circuits. This unique nature is exploited by the proposed Preemptive Concurrent Controller (PCC) to achieve a dynamic response superior to the theoretical limits of time-optimal control. The preemptive controller ramps up the inductor current prior to the occurrence of a load step and reduces the required output capacitance. The non-inverting buck-boost converter is used in this work and operates with a freewheeling mode that avoids output voltage overshoot during the preemptive inductor current ramp. Two hysteric control loops operate concurrently to define the freewheeling interval. A simple digital calibration scheme is demonstrated to extract timing and amplitude features from a load current profile in order to optimize the timing of the preemptive current reference in the next cycle. Freewheeling is thus minimized to increase system efficiency. The PCC and associated load profile learning algorithm is experimentally verified and uses 10× less capacitance compared to the time-optimal control benchmark.


The invention provides a microscope with adjustable illuminating color temperature and brightness. The microscope is characterized in that a condenser component and an illuminating and dimming device are arranged on a mirror bracket component of the microscope, wherein the illuminating and dimming device comprises a light-emitting diode (LED) module, an illumination adjusting panel, an illumination control circuit board, a power conversion component and a power socket; an illumination control circuit is arranged on the illumination control circuit board; and the condenser component is arranged above the LED module. When the microscope is used, light emitted from the LED module is mixed and provides illumination for an observed specimen through the condenser; and by operating the illumination adjusting panel, the illumination control circuit responds to operation of the illumination adjusting panel, so that current flowing through the LED is controlled, and the brightness or color temperature of the illuminating mixed light is correspondingly adjusted. The color temperature or brightness of the mixed light irradiating the observed specimen can be conveniently adjusted, so that the microscope can adapt to different service environments, different service requirements are met, and a good observation effect is achieved.


Progress in understanding the prognosis and survival in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has been dramatic over the last few decades. Traditionally, clinical risk factors such as age and performance status have been the main prognostic factors in AML. However, recent advances in cytogenetic studies and molecular markers in AML have revolutionized our approach to this disease. These have changed our understanding of AML as a heterogeneous group of diseases rather than a single disease, provided greater insight not only in understanding disease biology but also into predicting response to therapy and helped in the development of risk stratification-based treatment approach. In 2010, there are about 12,330 new cases in the United States which represent about 0.8% and 29% of all new cancer and leukemia cases respectively. With about 8,950 estimated deaths related to AML, this represents about 1.6% of cancer related deaths in 2010. (American Cancer Society, 2010) Although there has been some improvement in survival for AML patients over the last few decades, mainly in younger age groups as shown in figure 1, AML long term survival is still a big challenge. In the United States, data from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) dataset for 2001 to 2007 showed 5-year overall survival (OS) of 22.6% for all AML patients. There is still a lot to be done especially in the oldest age group (>65 years), that is showing a dismal 5-year OS of less than 5%, See Figure 2. This is of particular concern as more than half of the patients diagnosed in 2000-2004 were over 65 years old. (Howlader et al., 2011).


This paper analyzes the ideal practices and the dowry system in Muslim communities in Nepal. Here, the term "ideal practices" refers to a system or set of practices that include the effectiveness of human experience and behavior, including traditions, customs, and social practices prevalent in a community. Muslim communities in Nepal follow their own way of life based on Islamic ideals. Amidst the ideal practices, the dowry system is prevalent among them. However, the system, as practiced in contemporary Muslim society, has been reported as a social and economic barrier. This paper, based on a descriptive research design and a qualitative approach, answers the question of what dowry is for Muslims, how they practice it, and why they socially discard the practice. It uses both secondary and primary data. The secondary data were collected through reviews of published books on Muslims in Nepal, and the literature available in archives and e-resources. Similarly, the primary data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations in Morang and Sunsari districts of Nepal's Terai. This article also uses local stories to understand the prevalence of the dowry system in the Muslim community. The analysis of various stories indicates that the dowry system is prevalent in the Muslim community due to the fanaticism of the community, superstition, greed, personal intention, social imitation, and level of perception. This research concludes that efforts such as adherence to Islamic ideals against dowry, socialization, awareness, and education can have a positive effect on controlling dowry. The paper contributes to social awareness against the dowry system among Muslims and other communities in Nepal.


We find a 2-parameter family of deformations in R^4_1 of the classical Chen-Gackstatter surface explicitly, and show the existence of a larger 4-parameter family of deformations. Each of them still has genus one, a unique end, with total Gaussian curvature $-\int K=8\pi$. On the other hand, a uniqueness theorem is obtained when we assume that the surface has more than 4 symmetries. The problem of embeddedness is also discussed with some partial results.


Temporal logics are well suited for reasoning about actions, as they allow for the specification of domain descriptions including temporal constraints as well as for the verification of temporal properties of the domain. This paper focuses on the verification of action theories formulated in a temporal extension of answer set programming which combines ASP with a dynamic linear time temporal logic. The paper proposes an approach to bounded model checking (BMC) which exploits the Buchi automaton construction while searching for a counterexample, with the aim of achieving completeness. The paper provides an encoding in ASP of the temporal action domains and of BMC of DLTL formulas.


To quantify the visual effect of local dimming products by optical parameters, a complete halo testing methodology was proposed. Besides, the fitting curve between Halo and Halo CR (contrast ratio) was also presented. Based on which Halo CR of different local dimming backlights with various zones and LED types can be simulated.


Background & Aim: Almost any medical illness that causes significant pain or discomfort may negatively affect the quality of sleep. Illnesses affecting cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems and injuries disrupt the quality of sleep. The objective of this study is to investigate the parameters of sleep and the factors affecting the quality of sleep in medically ill patients. Patients and Method: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 300 medical patients with various somatic complaints who attended internal, ENT, orthopedic, neurology, urology and surgery clinics were selected. The assessment instrument was Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) which measures the quality of sleep in 7 major domains. A score of >5 is considered as a significant sleep disturbance. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean PSQI score of the patients from all six selected clinics was higher than anchor point(M=8.02). Significant differences were found in sleep duration, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction among the clinics. Pain and worry were the major causes of sleep disturbances. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the majority of medical conditions can cause sleep disturbances per se. Because pain and worry may adversely affect the quality of sleep, they should be considered in the assessment and treatment of various medical conditions.


An electric motor (1) comprising a stator (4) and a rotor (2), the stator (4) and / or the rotor (2) having a soft magnetic core formed as a laminated core, is characterized in that the laminated core has the following composition: 35 wt% ≤ Ni ≤ 50% by weight, 0% by weight ≤ Co ≤ 2% by weight, 0% by weight ≤ Mn ≤ 1.0 wt%, 0 % by weight ≤ Si ≤ 0.5 wt% and 0.5 wt% ≤ Cr ≤ 8% by weight and / or 0.5% by weight ≤ Mo ≤ 8% by weight, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities, where it was 0.5% by weight ≤ (Mo + Cr) ≤ 8% by weight.


The invention relates to a multi-sensor fused original point precise positioning technology, in particular to a low-precision multi-sensor fused original point precise positioning system and positioning method. The problems that if a high-precision sensor is adopted in an existing original point positioning precision device, cost is high, assembling difficulty is large, and if a low-precision sensor is adopted, the previous problems are overcome, but positioning precision is low are solved. The low-precision sensor is adopted to lower the assembling difficulty and device cost, and meanwhile the positioning precision is guaranteed. A displacement sensor and an original point sensor are matched to achieve positioning, the requirement for the mounting precision of the sensors is lowered on the premise of achieving the positioning precision the same as that of the high-precision sensor, then the assembling difficulty of the sensors is lowered, the assembling difficulty is lowered by more than 30% year on year, and the device cost is lowered by 20%. The system and method are suitable for the multi-sensor fused original point positioning technology.


A combined experimental and computational study on Na3V2(PO4)3 has been carried out to investigate its structural, electrochemical, and thermal properties as a sodium battery cathode. The synthesized material by a sol-gel process was well-indexed to the R-3m space group in the framework of a rhombohedral NASICON structure. Galvanostatic measurements indicate that at 3.4 V vs. Na/Na+, 1.4 Na reversibly reacts with each Na3V2(PO4)3, which corresponds to a specific capacity of 84.8 mAh/g. Moreover, this material shows excellent rate capabilities and good cycling performance. Ex-situ XRD analyzes indicate that this material reacts with Na ions based on a reversible two-phase reaction. Thermal analyzes employing TGA/DSC and In-situ XRD at various temperatures show that this material maintains good thermal stability up to 450°C even in the desodiated state. The promising electrochemical and thermal properties suggest that this material with the well-defined NASICON structure is a promising cathode for large-scale sodium rechargeable batteries.


Measurements have been made of the amount and chemical and radiochemical composition of fuel element crud deposits from a number of modern commercial pressurized water reactors. Results from the Point Beach and Beznau I plants show that crud buildup is low, but variable from core to core. The buildup appears greatest in the first core cycle and less thereafter. The chemical composition of the crud cannot be predicted directly from the composition of the corroding surfaces. The radiochemical composition indicates high crud mobility. The results will be used as input to crud transport models for assessing plant radiation level buildup in future work.


Objective:To summarize the modified incision of endonasal mucosa pituitary adenoma by transsphenoidal approach.Methods:The unilateral incision of endonasal mucosa by transsphenoidal approach was performed in 86 cases with pituitary adenomas.Results:Of all the cases,total and subtotal removal rate was100%.Conclusion:The unilateral incision of endonasal mucosa by transsphenoidal approach can alleviate the surgical injury,and decrease the operative complications of the nasal incision.


Despite its theoretical and managerial significance, subsidiary entrepreneurship and its effects on subsidiary contribution remain underexplored in the literature. We propose that subsidiary entrepreneurship encourages more creative strategic responses to escalating environmental change. We explore the direct and mediating effects of subsidiary entrepreneurship on subsidiary contribution to the MNC, particularly subsidiary strategy creativity. We use structural equation modelling to test our propositions on data generated from surveying the population of Irish subsidiaries of foreign MNCs, and find strong support for our theoretical predictions. The managerial implications of subsidiary entrepreneurship in generating creative strategy, prompting strategic initiatives and improving performance are discussed.


Self‐reporting questionnaires as well as projective tests are frequently used in entrepreneurship and management research that is concerned with the need for achievement. The purpose of this study was to examine whether an objective test such as the Cesarec‐Markes Personal Scheme (CMPS) and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) have any predictive validity on the entrepreneurial activity of starting a new business. The study had a longitudinal design. Psychological measurement of need for achievement was conducted before the entrepreneurial decision was made. The period between the psychological measurement and the collection of the data for the longitudinal study was 11 years. In summary, the result of the study does not support the hypothesis that the TAT has any predictive validity. On the other hand, the result of the study does support the hypothesis that the objective test CMPS has predictive validity.


SYNOPSIS Materials forwrapping surgical dressings were studied by a methodwhichmeasured therecontamination rateinpacksstored forperiods ofup toseveral weeks. Ofthematerials tested a thick crepepaper was better thancalico andballoon cloth fabrics. Dressings wrappedinpaper werenotsignificantly contaminated after storageindusty places forperiods ofup tothreeweeks. Foraddedprotection during handling andforconvenience intransportandstorage, paper packs may besterilized andkeptinpaper-lined cartons. Theshelf life ingoodstorageconditions would bemany weeksatleast. Whengloves, dressings, andother fabrics havebeen sterilized inanautoclave, their sterility mustbe maintained during subsequent transport andstorage. Toachieve this thesterilized goodsmustbeenclosed incontainers orwrapped inmaterials whichareas nearly germ-proof aspossible, consistent with penetrability bysteam, convenience inhandling, and reasonable economy. Inthispaperwereport the results ofbacteriological experiments designed to evaluate various wrapping materials andcontainers, andwemakesomeobservations ontheir use.


in investments," may not be so fully acceptable. Certainly it can be argued that attempts to stabilize consumption directly, i.e., other than by means of controlling investment, should have equal place with, perhaps a place even ahead of attempts to stabilize investment directly. What is needed of course is a broad approach to the problem of cyclical instability which will involve the use of many different tools of economic policy. But this does not make unnecessaryindeed it makes all the more necessarya careful study of each of the various categories of total spending in order to determine the action, if any, which can be taken to stabilize it. To the extent that any particular category of investment or consumption can be stabilized, the problem of cyclical instability will be lessened (unless, of course, the policy which stabilizes one sector destabilizes


As a manifestation of an enterprise's spiritual and ethical culture, enterprise image is an important part in an enterprise's culture construction. With the growing competition in each industry, enterprises not only focus on the development of strengths, but also pay more attention to the construction of enterprise image, which can be realized by advertisements, news reports and enterprise homepages. This paper is based on the theory of visual grammar by Kress Van Leeuwen, analyses ExxonMobil's enterprise image built on Corporate Citizenship Reports from 2003 to 2012, mainly focuses on the pictures from the section of 'Human Rights and Community Impacts'. This paper finds that its reports build a positive image of the enterprise, and manifest its culture of valuing human rights and safeguarding the rights of native people living in the exploration area of oil natural gas.


Objective To investigate the fungi pollution of natural spring water and to explore its hygiene significance. Methods Spring water samples were collected from 6 scenic spots. Fungi and water quality were examined by GB 4789-1994 and GB 5750-1985. Results The spring water was polluted by fungi universally and the range of fungi count is 0-580 cfu/ml. Fungi count of the water in dry season and temperate season was higher than that in wet season. 100% Fungi were killed by using calcium hypochlorite tablet. There were many kinds of fungi in spring water including poisonous fungi. It seems that no significant correlation between fungi count and water pollution indicators (total number of bacteria, coliform group, turbidity and oxygen consumption and nitrate nitrogen).Conclusions Fungi pollution of the spring water is mainly from soil and air, as well as water-taking tools and people's bad health habit.


Experiments were carried out in a sodiumand a geometrically similar water test-section under physically similar hydraulic conditions to examine the influence of the Prandtl and Richardson numbers on the evolution of the mean and turbulent temperature and velocity fields in flat. natural, unstratified, and stably stratified mixing layers. These experiments were performed to investigate the influence of the thermal conductivity which is two orders of magnitude larger in liquid sodium, by performing a direct comparison with results obtained in water. The Reynolds number based on the initial vomcity thickness varies for all experiments from 140 to 270, the grid Reynolds numbers arc supercritical for all experiments (ReG > 60) and the local Gradient Richardson number varies from 0.0 to 0.6. In water, the temperature and the components of the velocity vector in the main flow direction, and the direction normal to the mixing layer are measured simultaneously by means of a twocomponent Lascr-Doppler Anemometer (EDA) and cold wire thermometry. In liquid sodium, the mean velocity in the main flow direction, the mean temperature as well 'as the temperature fluctuations in liquid sodium and, for the first time, the velocity fluctuations and the turbulent heat fluxes are measured by means of a temperature and time-delay compen¬ sated permanent magnet velocity probe (PMV probe). The operation mode and the theoretical background of the PMV probe are described in detail for the velocity measurements for the ca¬ se where the probe is in a temperature gradient. For this purpose, the Poisson equation for the electrical field between the two measuring points of the probe is solved making simplifying as¬ sumptions, and it is shown that electrical pcrtubations arising from large-scale thermoelectrical effects may disturb the velocity signal. It is shown, that the heat transport mechanism inside the water mixing layer is not simply proportional to the temperature gradient, but mainly influenced by large scale vortices, and their internal structure. As a consequence, the measured temperature profiles deviate from an idealised antisymmetric shape and show a modulation. For strong stratifications in liquid sodium, the fast spreading rate of the temperature field (compared with the velocity field) causes an acceleration of the upper, slower part of the flow, outside the hydraulic mixing layer, as well as a deceleration in the middle of the mixing layer. This is a result of the repercussion of the temperature field on the velocity field, because outside the hydraulic mixing layer the effect of stratification is also present. In water this effect cannot be seen, because of the closer similarity between the velocity and the temperature fields. To the best of the author's knowledge, this deformation of the velocity profile in liquid sodium is reported for the first time. For local Gradient Richardson Numbers Ri,G below 0.135, the maximum temperature fluctua¬ tion as well as the turbulent heat fluxes in liquid sodium increase with distance downstream, while they fall off for Ri<j > 0.135. i


In my 50 years in electrical engineering I have never heard of engineers collectively striking. I have also not experienced engineers marketing themselves by educating the community about how engineering impacts on their everyday lives.


Star trackers are traditionally a key component in spacecraft attitude control systems. Ball Aerospace has designed, developed and delivered the high accuracy star tracker (HAST). The HAST achieves 0.2 arcsec total error (1sigma) performance on each tracked star moving between 0.07 and 1.0 degrees/second. HAST maintains track on stars moving 0 to 4 degrees/second. Multiple star tracking further enhances the accuracy. This paper describes HAST and examines measured performance. Performance is assessed according to the three dominant error sources: 1) boresight alignment bias; 2) transit dependent bias; and 3) random measurement. The performance measurement techniques are described along with delivered product test results


Background: CREB-binding protein (CBP), encoded by the CREBBP gene functions as an activator of a variety of transcription factors that play critical roles in normal embryonic growth and development, tumorigenesis and homeostasis by coupling chromatin remodeling to transcription factor recognition. Whether CBP functions as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene in cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the prognostic significance of CBP protein expression in PACs. Design: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 115 PACs were immunostained by a manual method (DAKO EnVision+ Dual Link System-HRP) using rabbit polyclonal CBP (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA). Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear immunoreactivity was scored based on intensity and percentage of positive cells in both the tumor (T) and adjacent benign (B) epithelium in each case. Cases were assessed as tumor>benign (T>B), tumor = benign (T = B), tumor Results: Cytoplasmic CBP immunoreactivity was observed as follows: T>B 41%, T = B 37%, T = Gleason 7) vs low (LG B 52% HG vs 33% LG, T = B 19% HG vs 51% LG, T B 51% adv vs 31% early, T = B 23% adv vs 52% early, T B 53% recurr vs 28% non recurr, T = B 26% recurr vs 49% non recurr, T B 42%, T = B 7%, T = Gleason 7) vs low (LG B 58% HG vs 30% LG, T = B 6% HG vs 7% LG, N 36% HG vs 63% LG; p = 0.008] and advanced (stage III, IV) vs early (stage I, II) tumor stage [T>B 54% adv vs 29% early, T = B 7% adv vs 7% early, N 39% adv vs 64% early; p = 0.019]. On multivariate analysis, high tumor grade independently predicted biochemical disease recurrence (p = 0.006). Conclusion: CBP immunoreactivity is a biomarker of adverse prognosis in PAC, correlating with high tumor grade and advanced stage disease. Cytoplasmic CBP expression is also associated with biochemical disease recurrence. Further study of CBP expression and its potential role in prostate cancer appears warranted. Citation Format: Jeffrey S. Ross, Olga Voronel, Siddhartha Dalvi, Gregory M. Sheehan, Christine E. Sheehan, Tipu Nazeer, Bhaskar VS Kallakury. Prognostic significance of CBP (CREB-binding protein) in prostatic adenocarcinomas (PACs): CBP is associated with high grade, advanced stage and biochemical disease recurrence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4343


Excerpt The investigative impetus, from the brilliant researches by Goldblatt and his associates and others1, 2, 3on the establishment of elevated blood pressure by interference with the renal bloo...


We have shown that hyperoxia (H) in rat pups upregulates expression of BDNF in airway smooth muscle. Therefore, we hypothesize that BDNF‐TrkB signaling plays a functional role in upregulation of cholinergic contractile mechanisms in hyperoxia exposed lungs. Five‐day‐old rat pups were exposed to room air (RA) or hyperoxia (>95% oxygen) for 7 days and administered daily K252a (50 μg/kg/day, i.p.) to block BDNF‐TrkB receptor signaling, or vehicle. After exposure acetylcholine (ACh) was measured in lungs and in vitro force measurements were performed in lung parenchymal strips. ACh content doubled in H‐lungs as compared to RA‐lungs. K252a treatment of H‐pups reversed ACh content to RA levels. H significantly increased electrical field stimulation‐induced contractile responses of strips as compared to RA‐pups (p<0.001). K252a treatment reversed the increased contractile responses in H animals to RA level. H also reduced IκBα expression as measured by Western blot when compared to RA exposure. IκBα is an inhibitory protein, degradation of which activates NF‐κB, a transcription factor of the bdnf gene. The data demonstrate that BDNF/TrkB receptor signaling appears to play a critical role in enhancing cholinergically mediated contractile responses of lung parenchyma. We speculate that H‐induced increase in BDNF expression and contraction of lung parenchyma is mediated via NF‐κB activation. Supported by HL‐56470.


Objective: This study was performed to compare dressings with honey/normal saline to povidone iodine/hydrogen peroxide in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: Two hundred patients with diabetic foot ulcers were allocated randomly to two groups according to the dressing material used. The study was performed between 1996-2001 in four district hospitals in Jordan. Results: The study showed that introducing honey/normal saline as a method of dressing reduced time of the healing, hospital stay and cost by 34%, 43%, 50%, respectively. The need for amputations was also reduced by 50%. The dressing material irritation and allergy were markedly reduced in comparison with povidone iodine/ hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: The use of honey and normal saline protocol appeared to reduce the time of healing, hospital stay and the need for amputation. It is non-irritant, has antimicrobial effect and a debriding action. It also promotes healing, and is cost effective in the management of diabetic foot ulcers.


Research on linguistic ontology can shed light on how human beings conceptualize as well as provide powerful tools for knowledge engineering. We show in this paper that the linguistic ontology of Chinese is conventionalized by the radical/semantic symbol of its writing system and a study of this conventionalized system leads to many interesting theoretical discoveries. The Shuowen Jiezi (Xu Shen 121), the oldest preserved dictionary of Chinese, is organized according to the radical forms as semantic symbols. Our hypothesis is that for characters sharing the same radical, their meanings must be related to the basic concept of the semantic symbol in a systemic way. In this current research, we focus on the small semantic field of four-hoofed mammals: 羊 'caprid', 鹿 'cervid', 牛 'bovine' and 馬 'equine'. We describe the relations between the derived characters and each basic concept to construct a conventionalized ontology, headed by basic concepts expressed by the semantic symbols. Our analysis of the semantic symbol ontologies for these four-hoofed mammals shows that they have similar conceptual structures, which are strongly motivated by their functions in human society. In particular, we show that the conceptual dependencies between the basic concept of a radical and the meanings of the derived characters can be explained by an enriched version of the generative lexicon.


The integrity of the cultural heritage in the Republic of Croatia, for the first time has been conceived in its vital entity, by real evaluation and interpretation of tourist image of municipalities and smaller urban communities in the context of their preservation and conservation by the Strategic plan for the development of cultural tourism, and by establishing the Cultural Tourism Office, and the carrying out of the responsibilities of the Department in charge for development of selective tourism and physical planning of tourist policies within the Directorate for tourist associations network and selective tourism of the Ministry of the Sea, Tourism, Transport. The Strategy of cultural tourism which is foreseen to be implemented within the period of the next four years, will provide, in the first place the necessary prerequisites for a continuing development of cultural tourism in Croatia based on detailed development plan. It will boost the attractiveness and image of entire destination, and it will make it pleasant for a longer stay of guests, who will be motivated to take action by diversified offer (and higher spending), and finally, it will help extend the overall season. Upgrading the image of destination by continuing development of cultural tourist products will attract new profiles of visitors. This could be attributed to the fact that cultural heritage according to a national heritage development plan was made on sustainable principles ensuring cultural resources for the future generations. The implementation of the Strategy and the related initiatives will depend on the operation of the Cultural Tourism Office, respective ministries, Croatian National Tourist Board and the network of tourist associations, in addition to the institutions in charge of culture, Croatian Chamber of Economy, Association of the Croatian Travel Agencies, and more significantly the participation and co-operation of institutions and individuals on local and regional level. This complex management requires funds for its operation, which are partly available by the state budget. By full implementation of the Strategy and related activities of the Cultural Tourism Office - the tourism itself, and in particular, cultural heritage tourism in the Republic of Croatia - will become a positive instrument for more dynamic growth.


Here we have presented a method for the classification of different types of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) domain. Here we have used a EEG dataset which is available online, in the dataset out of five subsets we have considered three subsets forming normal, interictal and ictal states. Here we have used some of the statistical moments like variance, skewness and kurtosis and we have also used fractal dimension and sample entropy on the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) which are obtained by doing EMD on the main EEG signals. All the obtained features are feed to a support vector machine for classification of normal and ictal states as well as interictal and ictal states. The mentioned method gives a classification accuracy of 100% in almost all the cases for classification of these states.


In this article I deal with some Crusades of the XIVth century in the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. The Second Crusade of the "Sepherds"(1320) and the project of crusade designed in 1329-1330 coincide with two relevant moments in the reign of king Alphonse XIth of Casti-le. The so-called "crusade of Algesiras" (1342-1344) brought into Andalusia many European knights during a truce in the Hundred Years war. The peace of Bretigny (1360) gave Bertrand Du Guesclin the opportunity to come along as he dreamed of being king of Granada. As back-ground, the ideas of Remon Llull about the most convenient routes for an expeditionary force to get Jerusalem.


Resorcin[4]arenes (R[4]A) are macrocyclic compounds with a cavity structure. Despite a relatively small cavity, these compounds are capable of forming complexes with small organic molecules. The current paper focuses on the synthesis of complexes between R[4]A and secondary aliphatic amines (sec-amines). Through NMR spectroscopy, it was observed that "in-out" complexes are formed depending on the solvent. It was also found that the stoichiometry of the formed complexes depends on the size of the amine molecule. The automated interaction sites screening (aISS) made it possible to generate molecular ensembles of complexes. The geometry of the ensembles was first optimized with the r2scan-3c functional and, finally, the structure with the lowest energy, with the functional PBE0-D4/mTZVPP/CPCM. The Hartree–Fock plus London dispersion (HFLD) method was used for the study of non-covalent interactions (NCI). The calculations lead to the conclusion that a reduction in electrostatic interactions and an increase in exchange and dispersion interactions in CHCl3 in relation to DMSO are the driving forces behind the placement of sec-amine molecules into the R[4]A cavity and the formation of "in" type complexes.


The Compound Talent program was conducted in China professional universities for 10 years and achieved some success, but there remain many theoretical issues that we need to explore, especially those pertaining to educational philosophy. This article considers psychological research, knowledge structure, and other aspects of thought to explore the Legal Compound Talent model in academies of finance studied as a case and we have experienced it. To consider the philosophy of pragmatism introduced from the United States and its impact on Chinese legal education over approximately the last 100 years, this article also discusses the great educator, Prof. John Dewey, and his education doctrine.


Styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) composites dispersed with organoclay (stearyl ammonium-modified montmollironite, C18-Mt) were prepared by the melt-mixing method, and the solution-mixing (as-cast and melt-press) methods. The structures of the composites were evaluated using X-ray diffractmeter (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile properties of the composites were examined.The composites by the melt-mixing method have partially intercalated structure. In the composites, large agglomerates (about 30μm) and small aggregates (several hundred nm) were observed. Whereas, the composites with less than 3wt% C18-Mt by the as-cast method have intercalated structure, and those with more than 5wt% C18-Mt have intercalated structure after melt-pressing at 130°C. In the composites, small particles (about 1μm) were dispersed uniformly. As the results of DMA, it was found that C18-Mt inhibited polystyrene aggregate in the composites by the melt-press method. Tensile moduli of the composites by preparing the melt-press method were higher than those of the composites by the melt-mixing method and increased with increasing C18-Mt content. Tensile properties at break of the composites by the both methods decreased with increasing C18-Mt content compared with SBS control.


According to the ATC-40 (1996) and FEMA-273 (1997) documents, the damping reduction factors for the constant acceleration range of the design response spectra are larger than those for the constant velocity range of those. This trend is contrary to the results obtained from several recent studies and may lead to underestimates of the high-damped design response spectra. This paper points out the issue and suggests further examinations of the factor in the constant acceleration region with potential revision to design practice.


The velocity of aerobat can be measured by laser Doppler velocimetry system and its accuracy is seriously affected by the attitude measurement errors. To precicely measure the threedimensional (3D) velocity, an allfiber triplebeam laser doppler velocimetry (TLDV) system based on coherent detection principle is proposed. Mathematical model of velocity measurement is described. According to the simulations, it is found that, firstly, effect of the attitude errors on the velocity measurement accuracy should not be neglected; secondly, with the pitch angle changing, influence of the pitch error and roll error on velocity measurement accuracy change; thirdly, the relationship between velocity accuracy and roll error is linear, while that between the accuracy and pitch error is nonlinear. The conclusions can be used for the design and velocity error correction of laser Doppler velocimetry system.


There are many research methods for the propagation of the internal wave,and people get a lot of internal wave propagation characteristics,but there is little comprehensive summary of the propagation characteristics,it talks about the KDV equation,uses the elliptic function and modal function,then finally gets the structure of the internal wave,analyse the time-space distribution of the horizontal flow and the vertical flow,Sums up a lot of internal wave propagation characteristics makes a foundation of the study of internal wave.


These investigators evaluated the influence of mothers' attitudes and behaviors on the timing of their teenagers' initiation of sex. Using data from


In this work, the influences of the soil densities and the radionuclide depth distributions(RDD) on the Full Energy Peak Efficiency (FEPE) calculation of the in-situ gamma rayspectrometer using the In Situ Object Counting Systems (ISOCS) software were studied. The data of the RDDs at the sites were investigated by using laboratory HPGe gamma spectrometer. Six different RDDs of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were found at four studied sites with radionuclide deposition moving from surface to deeper positions. The results show that FEPE values vary strongly for the different RDDs, especially for the low gamma ray energies. Use of the uniform model for calculating FEPEs can result in noticeable errors from 29% to 101% for the realistic RDD of the exponential form (surfaceradionuclide deposition), negative variations from 14% to 30% for the realistic RDD of having a radionuclide deposition at the 30 cm depth, and negligible variations of less than 5 % for the realistic RDD of quasi uniform form in the range of gamma ray energies of interest.


In his theology of the Gift, John Milbank advocates a theology of "reciprocity" between God and humanity, involving "active" rather than "passive" reception of the divine gift. Calvin and other Reformation theologians are criticized by Milbank as demeaning the role of the human partner by advocating "passivity" in the reception of grace. This essay compares Milbank's theology of the Gift with Calvin's theology of grace, showing how Calvin overcomes the schematic options of "passivity" or "reciprocity" in the divine-human relation, all the while holding much more in common with Milbank's concerns about sanctification and participation than has generally been recognized.


It is clear that the activity of hunting, in the form of predator/prey relation, is a characteristic trait in many species, and presumably a great part of their neuronal activity consists in the recognition and pursuit of preys. Some decades ago, the idea that hunting was a decisive factor in the process of hominization was also put forward; man was essentially a hunting animal. This hypothesis neglects the fact that the human species is naturally omnivorous and thus it may not have been immediate biological needs which led man to dedicate himself to the hunting of other animals.


Conceptual blending and biomusic composition spaces are approached in this work, in an effort to identify in them any creative potentialities as new compositional trajectories. The basic ideas and objectives of these two spaces are approached through a paradigm, consisting of a relevant, compositional work of the author, namely "Brainswarm", which employs real-time acquisition of the body/hands gestural information along with the brain activity of the so-called bio-conductor. The latter acts as a mediator between the real (instrumental ensemble) and the virtual (consisting of swarm ontologies) worlds. The nature of the work allows for exploration and discussion upon specific realization, organization and aesthetic issues, surfacing the main conceptual blending axons involved. The proposed compositional trajectory calls for further understanding of the functional mechanisms of the human body and brain, so to be creatively used in a shared, yet blended, aesthetic expression.


Fraunhofer electron holography using an asymmetric double slit was realized. A Fraunhofer diffraction wave from the wider slit was recorded in a hologram interfered with a plane wave from the narrower slit. The phase distribution of the diffraction wave was succeeded in reconstructing as a step pattern of π radians.


Abstract The idea of non-destructive elemental composition analysis is reviewed. The term non-destructive has many definitions in many different fields, as well as different definitions within a single field. The definition of non-destructive is discussed for several different fields: archeology, paleontology, forensics, space science, geochemistry. Activation analysis techniques, claimed to be used non-destructively in many fields, are used as a lens to provide a unique perspective on what non-destructive means. A list of criteria was created to create a broad, general definition of non-destructive. Finally, photon activation analysis is discussed as a potential non-destructive technique for bulk elemental composition analysis of large samples.


We begin with interactions of particles that moving with constant velocity in free space. If the material walls are far from the particles, their effect in the first approximation can be neglected. Let us consider a leading particle of charge q moving with velocity v, and a trailing particle of unit charge moving behind the leading one on a parallel path at a distance s with an offset x, as shown in Fig. 1. We want to find the force which the leading particle exerts on the trailing one. We will use the following expressions for the electric and magnetic fields of a particle moving with a constant velocity (see, e.g., [4]):


Abstract A decision theoretic approach to the design of a clinical trial is considered for the situation in which a total of N patients with a disease receive one of two treatments and the responses to the treatments are dichotomous. Two costs are considered: The cost of treating a patient with the inferior treatment and the cost of conducting the trial. Minimax and Bayes procedures are used to determine the optimum size of a fixed sample trial. Bayes solutions for the optimum sample size are given for a variety of beta prior distributions and various values of N. Minimax solutions are given for a variety of regions over which the minimaxing was performed, and for various values of N. The optimum sample sizes are found to be asymptotically proportional to N 1/2 using the Bayes procedure and N 2/3 using the minimax procedure. The consequences of erring in specifying the value of N are explored.


Despite the fact that there has been an increase in the research on a social network service, we still lack well-defined practical knowledge of how to design interaction of the service. This paper is an attempt to develop an understanding of the interaction of the social network service as its own distinctive entity, emerging between individuals and a user interface of the social website. In order to grasp interaction of the social network service, we defined four basic factors of interaction, namely time, space, information, and relationship. After that, we extracted a variety of attributes from the combination of them, and classified the key attributes. In addition, we performed a case study on how the attributes are applied to various social websites such as Facebook, Cyworld, and etc. These attributes will provide a conceptual tool to help designers to make a decision about how to design interaction of the social network service which potential users may experience in a desired way.


We demonstrated a simple scheme not only for terahertz (THz) generation with a grating-coupled LiNbO3 crystal, but also for single-shot detection of the generated THz field with a CMOS camera and a reflective echelon.


To the Editor: We read with interest the article published in a recent issue of Critical Care Medicine by Kredentser et al (1) and congratulate the team for undertaking what we know must have been a challenging research to explore interventions which may effectively reduce the burden of post ICU mental health symptoms. Incidentally, we are conducting a similar study in Eastern India establishing initially the prevalence of anxiety, depression and posttraumatic symptoms (phase one), and studying the effect of ICU diary on these symptoms (phase two, continuing). It appears that the rates of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms are comparatively lower in our sample, reflecting probably sociocultural and resilience factors. We wish to highlight few points about the study by Kredentser et al (1). The results interestingly suggested that exposure to psychoeducation had higher anxiety and depression score based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Although these results were in contrast with those with diary, the outcome was similar for posttraumatic stress symptoms where both diary and psychoeducation seemed to have similar effect; although only psychoeducation had significant difference. We wonder what could be possible reasons for this. Although in the ICU diary arm, family members and ICU staff were actively involved in some form of intervention beyond the treatment as usual; the psychoeducation arm was given anything only after 30 days of ICU discharge or after the return of their ability to consent whichever occurred later. This could mean that there were no interventions for them in the initial part and it may mimic treatment as usual. Could this be the reason for this discrepancy in the results? It would have been probably better to initiate the psychoeducation soon after admission initially for the family members, and it should be more than just providing a brochure. A discussion with clinical or research staff (as happened with the diary arm) would be better; as people undergoing stressful periods may not engage adequately with reading information literature. This way, we think, two arms would have been probably more comparable. This is especially important as the evidence base about effectiveness of ICU diaries is still scant (2); and psychoeducation has been found to be associated with lower mental health symptoms in post ICU patients and their family members (3, 4). We also feel that broadening the criteria for inclusion: mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the ICU have only The authors reply: We greatly appreciate the comments from Roux et al (1) regarding the shortage of intensivists and the current silos of critical care training that remain entrenched in so many countries. In our recent article published in Critical Care Medicine, we have suggested that training programs and accreditation organizations work toward development of common examinations and, potentially, common training programs (2). We also believe that multiple pathways into critical care are advantageous. As any changes to the current system are implemented in the United States, they would be standardized with specific requirements and rotations under the auspices of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The French approach to unifying critical care training is indeed quite exciting. We hope that other countries will follow suit and develop a process for breaking down the silos to encourage interest in the field and to develop common requirements to assure that all practitioners are well prepared to provide excellent care. We look forward to hearing more about the successes and challenges observed as the French innovations are implemented. Dr. Spevetz disclosed that she represents the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) at American Board of Internal Medicine meetings. Dr. Sevransky's institution received funding from the Marcus Foundation, and he received funding from SCCM. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.


The aim of this study was to identify the causative mutation in a family with an unusual presentation of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (OPT), proximal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), renal stones, epilepsy, and blindness, a combination of features not previously reported. We undertook exome sequencing of one affected and one unaffected family member, followed by targeted analysis of known candidate genes to identify the causative mutation. This identified a missense mutation (c.643G>A; p.Gly215Arg) in the gene encoding the chloride/proton antiporter 7 (gene CLCN7, protein CLC‐7), which was confirmed by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)‐PCR, and to be present in the three available patients. CLC‐7 mutations are known to cause autosomal dominant OPT type 2, also called Albers–Schonberg disease, which is characterized by osteosclerosis, predominantly of the spine, pelvis and skull base, resulting in bone fragility and fractures. Albers–Schonberg disease is not reported to be associated with RTA, but autosomal recessive OPT type 3 (OPTB3) with RTA is associated with carbonic anhydrase type 2 (CA2) mutations. No mutations were detected in CA2 or any other genes known to cause proximal RTA. Neither CLCN7 nor CA2 mutations have previously been reported to be associated with renal stones or epilepsy. Thus, we identified a CLCN7 mutation in a family with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis, RTA, renal stones, epilepsy, and blindness. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Nursing's Role and Functions in a Seamless Continuum of Care - J Koerner and C S Burgess Ethical Issues for Nurse Administrators in a Changing Environment with Evolving Roles - J A Erlen The Entrepreneurial Nurse - R W Redman New Opportunities and Challenges Nurses as Policy Analysts and Advocates - L B Helms and M A Anderson Avoiding Lessons Already Learned The Information Age, Health Care Reform and the Evolving Role of the Informatics Nurse - C Delaney, P Mehmert and D Johnson Nurses' Changing and Emerging Roles with the Use of Unlicensed Assistive Personnel - B Deckert, S Friend and J MacDonald Working with Cross-Cultural Clients - L A Afifi The Indigenous Health Worker Option Life Care Nursing Management in Long-Term Care - J M Daly Nurses in Transition - R M Tappen et al A Response to the Changing Health Care System Advanced Practice Nurses - J K Harrison Key to Successful Hospital Transformation in a Managed-Care Environment Clinical Nurse Specialist - K S Haddock The Third Generation The Acute Care Nurse Practitioner - L Norsen et al Innovative Practice for the 21st Century Complementarity and Continiuity of Advanced Practice Nursing Role Functions - M K Walker, J G Sebastian Acute Care Nurse Practitioners and Nurse Care Managers


The surface of La-doped barium titanate(BaTiO3) powders was modified by a hydrothermal process using BaTiO3 powders,which prepared by solid phase synthesis method,and La(NO3)3 solutions as precursors,and NaOH solutions as mineralizer.The phase composition,crystalline grain size,grain morphology and electric property of BaTiO3 powders and ceramics after hydrothermal treatment were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope,etc.The results show that the product with finer particle size and narrower size distribution can be obtained after hydrothermal modification.The morphology of BaTiO3 particles becomes rounder achieving hydrothermal modification under high temperature and high pressure conditions.La layer with thickness of about 50 nm on the surface of BaTiO3 particles is formed by hydrothermal modification.The distribution of lanthanum in the La-doped BaTiO3 ceramics can be more homogeneous after hydrothermal treatment.The doping concentration range of semi-conductivity is broadened.


The Housing business is an effort done by developers to gain profits from the offered investments. In developing housing business, there are two functions that the developers should carry on; the business and technical function. The Business function means that every cost should mutually affect incomes or profits. The tecnical function means that developers should build houses with their facilities for the consumers. This research purposes to evaluate time and cost at the Development of Order and Build Housing in Taman Sumber Asri Housing Project in Surakarta. This research used Critical Path Method (CPM), Curve S and Bar Chart. At the Development of Order and Build housing process, there happened accelerations at elapsed time in which the project was conducted, so that the project retained the cost reduction from the planed budget initially. The concept of result value, or the term known as earned value method, which generally can be ident ivied by the integrity of cost and time technique, has the basic concept of the progress evaluation at the progress of the process infield, with 2 variables scales; the time and cost variable. The research result showed the difference of cost at Rp. 2,182,445, -, retained from the initial budget ofRp. 107,193,550 - (Housing type 80/140. the land price and land tax were excluded) into Rp. 105, Oil, 105. Based on time estimations, it was calculated the time for building the house was 15,673 weeks. According to the plan, the housing would be finished in 16 weeks, so that there happened an acceleration of 0.327 weeks from the initial plan. For the totally 5 years in finishing the project, in 2years 5 months, the project have been accomplished that it underwent time acceleration of 2 years and 7 month, or 31 months. From the project cost view, the project gained profits as much as Rp 1,797,046,572,-


T raditionally, works on research design (most of which focus on quantitative research) have understood " design " in one of two ways. Some take designs to be fixed, standard arrangements of research conditions and methods that have their own coherence and logic, as possible answers to the question, " What research design are you using? " (e.g., Campbell & Stanley, 1967). For example, a randomized, double-blind experiment is one research design; an interrupted time-series design is another. Beyond such broad categories as ethnographies, qualitative interview studies, and case studies (which often overlap), qualitative research lacks any such elaborate typology into which studies can be pigeonholed. In addition, typologies are usually based on a limited number of features of the study, and by themselves do little to clarify the actual functioning and interrelationship of the component parts of a design. Other models present design as a logical progression of stages or tasks, from problem formulation to the generation of conclusions or theory, that are necessary in planning or carrying out a study (e.g., Creswell, 1997; Marshall & Rossman, 1999). Such models usually resemble a flowchart with a clear starting point and goal and a specified order for doing the intermediate tasks. Although some versions of this approach are circular or iterative (see, e.g., Bickman & Rog, Chapter 1, this volume), so that later steps connect back to earlier ones, all such models are linear in the sense that they are made up of one-directional sequences of steps that represent what is seen as the optimal order for conceptualizing or conducting the different components or activities of a study. Neither of these models adequately represents the logic and process of qualitative research. In a qualitative study, " research design should be a reflexive process operating through every stage of a project "


Since May 7, 1947, the Tuition Assistance (TA) Program has been the principal vehicle for helping enlisted active duty servicemembers afford the costs of participating in college programs and courses. Data from recent studies indicate strong and consistent associations between participation in the TA program and retention in the military as well as a strong correlation between perticipation and enlisted promotions. A historical search of legislative actions shows Congress's clear endorsement of the military's initiatives to provide voluntary adult and continuing education to se_vicemembers--education that is "in addition to" military training. A long and continuous chain of enabling legislation allows the military to use Department of Defense (DOD) appropriated funds for payment of tuition for off-duty training or education. The TA program is integral to the Voluntary Education Program for Military Personnel as presented in a DOD directive that military services implement by establishing and maintaining voluntary education programs within their specific services. Efforts are underway in some major Army commands to mingle education and training functions. If funds and personnel resources appropriated by Congress for the voluntary education programs in the military services are used strictly for military training purposes, adult and continuing education in the military has been coopted. (The document includes the following attachments: pertinent U.S. Code sections, excerpts of Congressional hearings and reports, the DOD directive, Army regulation 621-5 and a paper, "The DOD Tuition Assistance Program," by David Boesel and Kyle Johnson.) (YLB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** The Tuition Assistance Program in the Military U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Eciocationei Research and hriorovenirm1 EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) yINS dOcoMlot MI bean o/KNOduCed ea rCOMPO from the person or organization ongineting ,1 Woo, chari9OS have Wen Mid, to Nome.* roproduCtiOn Oulidy Points of 'July/ Or Opinion* stated in tOldOCI.P mon' do not NIKOSSOnly ropresont official OECD position or prows Prepared By: Clinton L. Anderson Route 3, Box 222 Lexington, VA 24450 (703) 463-6650 Independent Consultant


We can first note the obvious, that both glosses are sexual in nature: τὸ βιάζεσθαι γυναῖκας, 'to rape women'; in τὸ παιδὶ συνεῖναι we obviously have the euphemistic use of συνεῖναι, 'to have sex with a child'. Hesychius' entries have the appearance of straightforward dialect glosses, yet Ambraciot never elicited much attention in ancient dialectology and glossography. Furthermore, as ancient glossography consisted mainly in culling unusual vocabulary from literary texts, we can legitimately ask what sources might have been available to Hellenistic scholars for Ambraciot.


5007 Background: Skeletal fractures, pathological or not, are a frequent and underestimated side-effect of systemic treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The ERA223 trial (NCT02043678) was recently unblinded following the report of a significant increase in the fracture rates when abiraterone is combined with Ra223. Hence, FDA and EMA advised against this combination. The question whether mandated use of bone protecting agents (BPA), zoledronic acid or denosumab, would have mitigated the fracture risk and whether this risk also exists in the enzalutamide/Ra223 combination is presently unknown. Methods: The phase III EORTC-1333-GUCG/PEACEIII (NCT02194842) trial compares enzalutamide vs. a combination of Ra223 and enzalutamide in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic mCRPC patients (https://www.eortc.org/research_field/clinical-detail/1333/). After the unblinding of ERA223, the trial was amended (v4.0, April 19, 2018) to mandate that all patients must start a BPA. We report the fracture rate in the safety population of 146 treated patients as of 28/01/2019. Results: Overall, 54.2% of the patients in the enza/Ra223 arm and 51.4% of the enza arm did not receive BPA; 18.0% in the enza/Ra223 arm and 27.0% in the enza arm did not use BPA at randomization, but started during protocol treatment according to the v4.0 amendment. 27.8% and 21.6% respectively, received BPA as of randomization. In total, 45.8% of enza/Ra223 patients and 48.6% of enza only patients receive bone protection on treatment. The fracture rate is reported in the table. Conclusions: There is a 13% risk of fracture with enzalutamide in asymptomatic mCRPC, in line with previous reports. This risk is significantly increased to 33% when Ra223 is added to enzalutamide. Strikingly, the risk is almost abolished by mandatory continuous administration of BPA starting at least 6 weeks before the first injection of Ra223, thus emphasizing the importance of treating mCRPC patients with BPA. Clinical trial information: NCT02194842. [Table: see text]


This paper explores the ways in which children perceive the relative opportunities and constraints of their birth order position within their families by comparing and contrasting the views of oldest, middle and youngest siblings. It shows that birth order and age can be experienced at times as a constraint on sibling behaviour and at other times as a resource that can be utilised in a dynamic and creative manner. Thus, although birth order is important in shaping children's experiences of sibship, relative benefits have to be actively maintained and limitations of each position in the sibling order are not passively accepted and are often contested. The paper argues that birth order and age are not fixed hierarchies but can be subverted, contested, resisted and negotiated through children's everyday experiences of family life. It is based on a qualitative study of 30 families with three children between the ages of 5 and 17. In-depth individual and group interviews were conducted with 90 children from this sample of 30 families of mixed socio-economic backgrounds in central Scotland.


Despite the positive impact of nanomaterials on agriculture and crop productivity, this effect is not always positive. A pot experiment was undertaken to spot the effect of nanosized ZnO on the physiological and biochemical attributes of Jew's mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) by foliar spray applied at three concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg L-1) in addition to the control. All concentrations, especially 100 mg L-1 of ZnO significantly increased (p?0.05) plant growth parameters, compared to the control. Protein, carbohydrates and fibers were increased after the application of ZnO NPs by 47, 77 and 94% respectively while fat was not changed. Likewise, significant variations in element contents (N, P, K, Zn and Fe) occurred following the nanosized ZnO application. Moreover, nanosized ZnO induced the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes and the highest levels were (0.82 and 3.14 U g-1 FW min-1 respectively) recorded at 100 mg L-1of ZnO whereas, causing inhibition in H2O2 and lipid peroxidation content by (9.3 and 31.6 % respectively). Hence, nanosized ZnO can improve plant growth and the nutritive value of Jew's mallo and can induce tolerance of the plant against oxidative stress.


Objective: The increasing incidence of both obesity and prostate cancer (PCa) detection will confront the urologist more often with obese men having PCa. It is unknown whether obesity affects the surgical and oncological outcomes following open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Knowledge concerning this issue is relevant when counselling obese patients with PCa for RRP. Patients and Methods: A single institution cohort study was performed including 252 men who underwent a RRP between 1992 and 2003. The surgical complications (perioperative complications, post-RRP urinary incontinence, urethral strictures) were compared between obese (BMI >30) and nonobese (BMI ≤30) men. Results: Compared to nonobese (n = 221), obese men (n = 31) developed more frequently wound infections (16.1 vs. 4.5%; p < 0.05), urinary incontinence (25.8 vs. 8.7%; p < 0.05) as well as vesico-urethral strictures (46.2 vs. 12.3%; p < 0.05). The pathology results and the 5-year cumulative risk of PSA recurrence were comparable among both groups. Conclusions: Compared to nonobese, obese men suffer more frequently from post-RRP urinary incontinence and vesicourethral strictures following open RRP.


We report a simple method for nucleic acid subtractive hybridization, that involves hybridization of untreated and photobiotinylated DNA or RNA. After treatment with streptavidin and phenol, hybrids and single-stranded biotinylated material are sequestered to the aqueous/ organic interface while unhybridized material remains in the aqueous supematant. This procedure is simpler than published methods using either hydroxyapatite (HAP) chromatography (eg 1) or cupric-iminodiacetic acid agarose chromatography of biotinylated nucleic acid (2). The protocol given here is for subtraction of cDNA with RNA, but any combination of nucleic acid may be used.


The transition between Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition (AACR2) and the Resource Description and Access (RDA) metadata standards has had a number of impacts on how libraries create and update bibliographic data. For libraries committed to RDA and its implementation within their organizations, new workflows and best local practices around the creation of new records and the updating of existing bibliographic metadata have needed to be developed. However, these workflows often ignore existing record data or bibliographic data purchased from third party vendors, creating an environment in which only a small percentage of new bibliographic content may actually be encoded using RDA guidelines. To help facilitate the transition between AACR2 and RDA, MarcEdit introduced a new tool in January 2013 called the RDA Helper. The RDA Helper provides a straightforward, scriptable method that can be integrated into most existing workflows, allowing librarians the ability to automatically migrate existing bibliographic data as well as bibliographic data received from third parties, from AACR2 and into RDA.


1,3,4 Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, KMCT Medical College, Kozhikode 2 Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, KMCT Medical College, Kozhikode *Corresponding Author Sunny Alex Sunshine, Kuthiravattom. P.O, Kozhikode-673016, Kerala Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Mob: 8129230676 ABSTRACT Background: Aim of the study was to compare epidural α2 adrenergic agonists, Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as adjuvant to Isobaric Ropivacaine with respect to block characteristics, postoperative analgesia, sedation and hemodynamics. Methodology: Ninety female patients of ASA physical status I and II, between 35-50 years of age scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy, were selected. The patients were randomly divided into three groups. Group R received 12 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine+1ml of saline, Group RD received 12 ml0.75% ropivacaine plus 1.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine & Group RC received 12ml0.75% ropivacaine plus 2 μg/kg clonidine epidurally. Effects on hemo dynamics & respiratory parameters, sedation& block characteristics were noted. Results: Demographic profile, duration of surgery and side effects were comparable and statistically nonsignificant in all the three groups. Onset of sensory analgesia at T10 and establishment of complete motor blockade was significantly earlier in the RD group. Postoperative analgesia was prolonged significantly in the RD group and consequently less epiduraltop-ups postoperatively in the first 24 hours. Sedation scores were much better in the RD group and highly significant on statistical comparison (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine & Clonidine are effective epidural adjuvants to Ropivacaine, dexmedetomidine being a better neuraxial adjuvant compared to clonidine for providing early onset of sensory & motor block, sedation and prolonged post-operative analgesia.


Donovan & Pickerill published a short paper in 2008 which was essentially a comment on just part of an earlier contribution (James, 2005) on a broader topic. Although the latter was published in Caribbean Journal of Earth Sciences, to which Donovan & Pickerill originally submitted their paper, this journal has not been published since late 2005. Of necessity, this discussion has moved elsewhere.


The distribution of alloying elements and the corresponding structural evolution of Mn–Sb alloys in magnetic field gradients were investigated in detail. It was found that a high magnetic field gradient could control the distribution of solute element in the alloys during the solidification process and therefore resulted in the coexistence of both primary MnSb and Sb phases or the aggregation of the primary MnSb with a continuous change in morphology. The positions where these primary phases located depended on the direction of field gradient. The control of the solute element distribution by a high magnetic field gradient was realized through the magnetic buoyancy force that could drive the migration of Mn element in the melt, originating from the difference in the magnetic susceptibility between Mn and Sb. The effectiveness of this control depends on the alloy composition, specimen dimension, cooling rate, and B d B /d z value.


Bacteria use stomatal pores as a point of entry to invade plant leaves. As a first line of defense, plants attempt to counteract this attack by restricting bacterial entry simply by closing the stomata. This happens via reduction in turgor pressure of the two guard cells flanking the stomatal pore,


The concept and caracteristics of HDI (Human Development Index) in the Republic of Moldova, the evolution of the index through the years and what factors internal and external contribute to it's development. The attention will be given to the dimensions (long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living) and it's indicators; review of the Republic of Moldova's progress in each HDI indicator through 1990-2019.


structures are growing more complex and complete fleet lists are thus more difficult to produce. But this is no excuse for omitting them entirely. A solution might have been to place the ship list on one of the endpapers.This would have increased the reference value of the book considerably. These objections do not detract, however, from the reviewer's main judgement on Himmel og Hav. This is a thorough and very readable work, researched and written by a professional historian with a genuine interest in the company he has studied.


provided an = sin (wn/2) and k(x) =sin (irx/2). Weinberger [8] treated the case when the coefficients a" form a periodic sequence; that is an+q = a" for some integer q. Making use of the character theory of Dirichlet 7-functions, he found the conditions on the a" so that (3) holds with the kernel (2/q112) cos (2irx/q) or the kernel (2/q112) sin (2irx/q). (These kernels give self-reciprocal transforms for any value of q.) Weinberger's proofs hold under essentially the same conditions on (p as given in I. Boas [l ] made use of Poisson's summation formula to obtain representation formulae of the type (1) and (2) together with certain generalizations. In this connection it is of interest to note that the following Poisson summation formula


We propose the architecture's specifications for a system generating artificial thoughts as an extension on the Knowledge Level, taking into account the central concept of intentionality. That is a transposition of a psychic system into a computable one, using a complex architecture founded on massive multiagent system with a distributed morphological control.


Objective To clone the Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) cDNA and express the uPA as a fusion protein in E.coli. Method A cDNA fragment of uPA was amplified by RT-PCR, and cloned into pET32a vector.The recombinan plasmid uPA-pET32a was digested with restriction endonuelease HindⅢ and XholⅠ. E.coli BL21 cells were transformed by the recombinant plasmid. The expression of the recombinant protein was induced by IPTG and the fusion protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Result A 1296bp uPA cDNA fragment was PCR amplified and cloned into pET32a vector. The fusion protein (about 68900 Mr) was expressed in E.coli. Conclusion The recombinant plasmid uPA-pET32a have been constructed successfully and the fusion protein can be expressed in E.coli BL21 cells.


We present an efficient learning algorithm for the problem of training neural networks with discrete synapses, a well-known hard (NP-complete) discrete optimization problem. The algorithm is a variant of the so-called Max-Sum (MS) algorithm. In particular, we show how, for bounded integer weights with q distinct states and independent concave a priori distribution (e.g. l1 regularization), the algorithm's time complexity can be made to scale as O(NlogN) ?> per node update, thus putting it on par with alternative schemes, such as Belief Propagation (BP), without resorting to approximations. Two special cases are of particular interest: binary synapses W∈{−1,1} ?> and ternary synapses W∈{−1,0,1} ?> with l0 regularization. The algorithm we present performs as well as BP on binary perceptron learning problems, and may be better suited to address the problem on fully-connected two-layer networks, since inherent symmetries in two layer networks are naturally broken using the MS approach.