tecture of the church by Caroline Bruzelius is followed by the first treatment, by Hisashi Yakou, of the church's murals, The Apocalypse Madonna above the Loffredo Chapel. The next four chapters — by Cathlene A. Fleck, Adrian S. Hoch, Cordelia Warr, and Janis Elliott, respectively — treat most profoundly the impressive and unique cycle of mural decoration, whose importance was overlooked for many years. Julian Gardner, the ideal candidate for the concluding chapter of such a book, raises some interesting issues for future study. Great thought has gone into the ordering of the articles. The meticulous consideration of each and every chapter is quite evident. Nevertheless, in my view Tanja Michalsky's brilliant analysis of the iconography of the tomb of Mary of Hungary should have been attached to the chapters on the iconography of the church's murals. The decision to place it next to Matthew Clear's historical portrayal of Mary of Hungary is justified in regard to subject matter, yet Michalsky's research methods and her way of interpretation are typical of art historians, who begin their inquiry from the body of art; this way is better suited to the iconographic discussion of the murals. Notwithstanding this minor comment, The Church of Santa Maria Donna Regina will certainly take its place in the pantheon of exemplary collaborative monographs. Its contribution to the history of Angevin Naples, to the understanding of female royal patronage in the late Middle Ages, and to the promotion of the neglected Trecento art in Naples is tremendous. YONI ASCHER University of Haifa


With developments in modern instrumentation such as microelectromechanical gyro/accelerometers, high speed video analysis, and precision shaft encoders, there is an increased interest in the study of the large angle oscillations of pendulums as an example of nonlinear dynamics. The solution to the equation of motion for the non-linear pendulum cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions and is therefore generally approximated by a Fourier series. The present paper extends this to include Fourier coefficients up to A13, as required for amplitudes φ 0 ≈ π. The calculated coefficients are compared with experimental data for a damped and minimally damped pendulum for amplitudes φ 0 ≈ π.


Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great potential to provide accurate depth estimation based on stereo images. Previous work has focused on developing robust stereo matching architectures, while little attention has been paid on improving the network efficiency. In this paper, we propose an efficient Siamese CNN architecture that combines the low resolution disparity estimation and the depth discontinuity aware super-resolution. Specifically, we propose to construct, filter and perform regression on a low resolution cost volume through the designed stereo matching backbone network. A fast depth discontinuity aware super-resolution subnetwork is proposed for upsampling the low resolution disparity map to the desired resolution. Under the guidance of the intensity edge features extracted from the left color image, depth edge residuals are hierarchically learned to refine the upsampled depth map. A delayed upsampling structure is designed to ensure that the computational complexity is proportional to the spatial size of the input disparity map. We also propose to supervise the first derivative loss of the predicted disparity map that makes the network adaptively aware of the depth discontinuity edges. Experiments show that the proposed stereo matching network achieves a comparable prediction accuracy and much faster running speed compared with state-of-the-art methods.


The goal of modern education is to increase attention to the use of Hadith in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, and in educating young people to instill respect for national and global values, to develop a sense of patriotism, hygienic, cultural, physical, aesthetic education and hard work. Since ancient times, our ancestors have sought to create a strong family, raising a healthy and perfect generation. Various social factors contribute to the formation of universal human values, the concept of the religion of Islam, in the minds of our children. There is a powerful tool against the spread in society of radical views, extremist and terroristic ideas that poison the minds of young people. These are such national-religious values as humaneness, peacefulness, love for enlightenment and creation.


The invention relates to a heat-proof PVC (polyvinyl chloride) profiled bar which comprises a PVC substrate and a heat-proof modified agent, wherein the content of the heat-proof modified agent is 0.5-5%, wherein the PVC substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin, 30-35 parts of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resin, 10-15 parts of polyacryl-nitrile-butadiene-polystyrene, 1-1.5 parts of compatilizer, 2.5-4 parts of heat stabilizer, 3 parts of impact modifier, 2-4 parts of filling agent, and 0.01-0.03 part of coloring agent. The heat-proof modified agent comprises the components in parts by weight: 50 parts of thermosetting phenol resin, 10-30 parts of styrene, 5 parts of methyl methacrylate, 2-5 parts of N-phenyl maleamic and 1-2 parts of initiator. The heat-proof PVC profiled bar provided by the invention has good molding performance, low porosity, good heat-proof property, high acid resistance, and low cost, and the materials for preparation are easy to get.


Objectives: To study the effect of corona virus on blood hemoglobin and the changes this virus causes on hemoglobin in COVID-19 infected patients. Study Design: Observational study. Settings: Rawal institute of Health Sciences and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: Feb 2021 to April 2021. Material & Methods: Total 100 adult patients were included all were suffering from corona virus infection. COVID-19 infected patients belonging to both genders with no other cause of anemia were selected and all adult patients in which anemia was due to diseases other than corona infection were excluded. The blood samples of COVID-19 infected patients was taken in 5cc syringe and was send to the laboratory of Rawal Institute Of Health Sciences Islamabad for hemoglobin estimation. Blood heamoglobin (Hb) at the time of admission was recorded. Changes in their blood Hb was noted. Statistical Analysis: Data was be entered into SPSS version 23, normality of data was checked. For non-normally distributed data kruskal wallis and Mann whitney U test was applied and for normally distributed data Anova and post hoc was used. Spearsman correlation was used to correlate non distributed data and Pearson's correlation was used for normally distributed data. Results: 100 adult patients were divided in two groups. Group I with mild symptoms of corona virus and group II with severe symptoms of corona virus. Patients with mild corona symptoms their blood hemoglobin level was 12.2 g/dl and those with severe corona symptoms their blood hemoglobin level was 10.0 g/dl. Conclusion: It was observed that patients suffering from severe disease of corona COVID-19 had reduced hemoglobin levels than those suffering from milder form of disease, thus confirming that corona virus effects the hemoglobin level and reduces its serum value causing anemia leading to complication of disease.


In any one year perhaps 5% of the Australian workforce experiences retrenchment. Retrenchment causes people shock and loss of income; they become socially isolated and their psychological health deteriorates. Many studies have examined the subsequent labour force experience of retrenched workers, in terms of conditions in the labour market, retrenchment and hiring practices, state policies and the personal characteristics of the workers. This paper reviews evidence about the factors that influence the prospects of retrenched workers, identifies some flaws in the design of studies in which that evidence has been collected, and points to ways in which more comprehensive evidence can be collected. An informed interpretation of evidence requires appropriate methods for identifying cause and effect, should rest on a clear identification of the forms of employment that exist, and needs to be sensitive to the manner in which personal characteristics are used by employers as hiring markers.


PURPOSE: To stably form a β.3 phase and to obtain a low calorie fat-contg. flavored confectionery compsn. imparting satisfactory firmness and a good melting feel in the mouth to chocolate flavored confectionery, etc., by rapidly cooling specified amts. of a flavor component, fat components, etc., and heating them to a specified temp. CONSTITUTION: A sub-α phase is formed by rapidly cooling 0.1-25wt.% flavor component, 25-45wt.% fat components and 55-75wt.% other components to <=13.9 deg.C. The fat components are at least 85wt.% MLM-MML (triglyceride) mixture, <=10wt.% LLM-LML mixture, <=2wt.% LLL, <=4wt.% MMM, <=10wt.% other triglyceride (M is a residue of a 6-10C satd. fatty acid and L is a residue of a 20-24C satd. fatty acid), a fatty acid compsn. consisting of 35-60wt.% 8-10C satd. fatty acid mixture and 35-60wt.% 1:4 to 4:1 mixture of 8C and 10C satd. fatty acids and behenic fatty acid, <=15wt.% milk fat, <=20% cocoa butter and <=4wt.% diglyceride. After part of the sub-αphase forms β.3 crystals, the remainder is converted into a β.3 phase by heating at 13.9-22.2 deg.C.


Although unsteady aircraft flight and loss-of-control (LoC) sees extensive study for large transport aircraft, the LoC metrics for uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) are challenging to quantify; however, UAS fly at slower speeds, at lower weights, and small moments of inertia, relatively. This work will provide a method of quantifying when a UAS has entered the nonlinear flight envelope that can lead to LoC by hidden relationships between states using sliding window correlation. Uncrewed aircraft fly significantly closer to ground level (maximum 400 ft AGL) under more influence from turbulent winds. Unlike transport or general aviation (GA) aircraft with a well-developed and restrictive code of federal regulations (CFR), there are no clear regulations for UAS; additionally, UAS have stringent payload capacities limiting the incorporation of redundant systems. The combination of these factors results in UAS having more vulnerability to instability. Aircraft amidst LoC have coupled, unsteady, and nonlinear aerodynamic and propulsive forces and moments; unlike benign flight envelopes, a linearized steady-state model is insufficient. Aircraft in LoC subsist entirely within the nonlinear, unanticipated, and unpredictable flight envelope; therefore, an autopilot system designed around a single linear model will only perpetuate aircraft instability during LoC. To identify the coupled dynamics within a nonlinear flight envelope, the relationships between local aircraft states: angle of attack, sideslip angle, roll rate, pitch rate, and yaw rate, represent the aircraft's stability within the local frame. Control surface deflections provide a control metric against which the aircraft's current dynamic state can gauge. Pattern matching through sliding window correlations is the primary method to find previously negligible hidden relationships during unstable flights. Flight test validation and verification provide ample data for pattern matching; onboard cameras identify when the aircraft has entered instability.


Abstract The paper focuses on the distribution, typology and technology of Black Wheel-Made Ware (also known as "Megiddo Ware") and presents a discussion of its origin and date. In the second half of the third millennium BCE the southern Levant witnessed a radical change in settlement pattern, nature of sites and material-culture assemblages. One of the features defining this period was the regionalism in the ceramic repertoire. Despite varying opinions regarding the division of the pottery groups, it is agreed that one of these groups-the Black Wheel-Made Ware-was limited to northern Israel.


The author presents a child-centered approach to teaching, developed through longtime connections with colleagues, which concentrates on the children and provides them time to make their own connections, to learn, to think, and to develop at their own pace with the support of their classmates. Two examples of how mathematics interlaced into classroom activities illustrate how children presented with similar math problems utilize different ways to come to their own understandings. An addendum provides math strategies for reference.


Pick-by-Light is a widely used technology in manual order picking systems to support the employees by giving them visual information of the order. The available devices are generally wired, hence they are inflexible to restructurings associated with high installation costs. The focus of the research is the development of a wireless, flexible and low-cost solution by using wireless sensor networks to transfer information in an ad-hoc network. This kind of network is capable to organize itself, so adding and removing storage shelves respectively articles can be done without having to reconfigure the system. The approach used for the development of the new order picking system "Pick-by-Local-Light", is the v-model, a methodology for the design of mechatronic systems. This method lead to several concepts having been evaluated by deploying an extended use case analysis. The result is an innovative new information provision system making use of the employees' location for guidance and for approachbased extra functions.


Natural ecosystems in the region of the lower Tarim River in northwestern China strongly deteriorated since the 1950s due to an expanding desertification. As a result, the downstream Tarim River reaches became permanently dry land. This historical evolution in land‐use change is typically the result of the anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems. On the basis of a spatially distributed hydrological catchment model bidirectionally linked with a fully hydrodynamic MIKE11 river model, land‐use changes characterized by historical changes in leaf area index (LAI) of vegetation, as well as the evolution of irrigated surface areas, can be causally related to changes in water resources (groundwater storage and surface water resources). An increased surface area of irrigated (agricultural) land, together with a majority of inefficient irrigation methods, did lead to a strong increase of water resources consumption of the farmlands located in the upper Tarim River area. Evidently, this evolution influenced available water resources downstream in the Tarim basin. As a result, farmland has been gradually relocated to the upstream regions. This has led to reduced flows from the upper Tarim stream, which subsequently accelerated the dropping of the groundwater level downstream in the basin. This study moreover demonstrates that land surface biomass changes (cumulative LAI) along the lower Tarim River are strongly related to the changes in groundwater storage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Public administration scholars have little understanding of the operation of values within public sector organizations. Because the institutional values literature suggests that behavior consistent with American values by public organizations and officials can make a difference in successful policy outcomes, this research focuses on identifying the espoused and enacted value perspectives for two sets of U. S. government officials, presidents and senior executives. Through a content analysis of agency mission statements and speeches of Presidents Bush, Clinton and Bush, a subject matter analysis of executive orders, and a survey of senior executives, the following information is identified: The three presidents espouse the same set of values (i.e., ethics, performance, and support) in their speeches, but enact only one common value (i.e., commitment) in their executive orders. Although not statistically significant, two (i.e., performance and ethics) of the three top values in the agency mission statements are consistent with the values of the presidents. Senior executive perceptions of the most important values (i.e., authority, reward, and support) differ from the presidents. This unexpected difference lends support to Woodrow Wilson's politics/administration dichotomy in that senior executives focus on values that address policy implementation while presidents focus on values related to politics.


Contents: Astrid Lipinsky/Agnes Schick-Chen: Preface - Agnes S. Schick-Chen: Introduction: Coming to Terms with the Past on Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait: Historical and Political Context - Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik: Coping with the Cultural Revolution: Contesting Interpretations - Shuangwen Liu: The Issue of Guilt in Ba Jin's "Sui Xiang Lu (Random Thoughts)" - Astrid Lipinsky: Gender Issues of Transitional Justice in Taiwan and their Relevance for Today's Women's Movement - Yoshihisa Amae: The Role of the Prespyterian Church in Taiwan's Transitional Justice - Rosa Enn: The Dao - Power and Powerlessness of Indigenous People in Times of Transition - Sonja Peschek: Transitional Justice in Multiethnic Taiwan. Han Chinese and Yuanzhumin-Identities in Conflict.


Reform of mode of fostering talented persons and experimental open education" works are extremly important tasks in promoting inventive construction and development of Radio and TV University's distance education.Yunnan Radio and TV University,through more than one year's experiments and re-searches,by qualifying the entrance students.optimizing the sustaining service system of study,making use of modern teaching techniques in providing means of study assistance,has established primarily the teaching mode of modern distance education,raised the level of modernization of teaching and enlarged the scale of enrollment of students.


Taking a small diesel engine as the prototype, emission researches for its structural features and different uses are carried out. Obvious differences of emissions for the same diesel engine using different test cycles are shown. By analyzing the test result, it has been found that the weighting factor of each mode is only part of the factors for the large differences of the emission values. The contributions of individual modes are used to analyze the mechanism of changing emissions of the diesel engine and it is found that reducing NOX of the full load for the mobile non-road diesel engine is the key to reach emission standard; for the fixed diesel engine, CO emission must be controlled at the same time. It has been found that it is necessary to take different combustion optimization parameters or measures to reduce the emission of the diesel engine according to the different uses of small diesel engine engines.


The use of the genetic algorithm to obtain the appropriate switching sequence of a multilevel inverter has been increasing during the last years; this algorithm has been implemented through a Matlab solver. However, the choosing of the solver parameters have been by means of trial-and-error or by the user experience. In order to maximize the Matlab genetic algorithm performance, the present work proposes the use of Taguchi design approach to determine the optimal switching sequence of a five-level multilevel inverter to decrease the THD in the output voltage.


present writer has suggested for the Hwiccan kingdom) Yorke suggests that boundaries may not have been constant in the early Anglo-Saxon period. Although a number of papers, especially those of Yorke, Everson and Stacker, tentatively explore the territorial background of the early kingdom, any depth of study in this field is markedly absent from the present collection of papers. In part this is due to the difficulty of delving back beyond the altered administrative arrangements of the post-Viking period and to the lack of readily available evidence, compounded by the fact that the English PlaceName Society's volumes for Lincolnshire are not yet complete. However, the techniques of historical geography used to effect elsewhere have not been fully utilized and there may be scope for further work along these lines—the resources and land use of the region are barely mentioned in this volume apart from the relevance of water and fen in demarcating frontier zones. Above all, the volume needs a good map. Although individual authors illustrate the points made in their own papers, an attempt to bring the evidence together cartographically, particularly with reference to Yorke's paper, would have been a useful editorial contribution.


Keywords: succession, professional style of a teacher at the institution of higher learning, the mechanisms of succession; the Imperial Dorpat University; the model of training professors for Russian universities. Annotation: Succession in education is one of the factors in the society's development. The article in hand examines how the Imperial Dorpat University (early XIX century) trained professors for Russian Universities so that they could be competitive on the European level. Particular attention is paid to the succession of the professional style of the tutors to their students' experience, and to approved mechanisms of this process.


In this excerpt from his book Varieties of Religion Today. William James revisited published in 2001, Taylor describes how the 'consumer revolution' of the second half of the twentieth century contributed to disseminate the modern culture of authenticity and expressivity beyond the limits of a certain bourgeois elite, namely through the development of mass media and the creation of a culture specific to youth. If consumption has become such an important phenomenon today, it is because goods and services have served as means of expression for such a culture of authenticity in which each of us must realize his own humanity and have it recognized.


The household sector plays an important role in the energy demand in Indonesia. Households consume more than 50% of total energy in many major cities in Indonesia and account for 34% of the total energy demand. The main share of capital allocation and attention, however, has gone to rural electrification programs over the past years with mixed results, due to an abundance of problems during the operation phase. We propose that government attention and capital should be broadened to policy development for solar home systems for urban areas. The problems that are encountered by rural electrification projects are mainly due to a lack of resources and unclear task allocation between involved parties and difficulties of addressing problems in remote environments. These risks are insignificant in urban areas where maintenance services are available and where solar home systems can be commercially interesting for higher income consumers without the need for subsidy. By means of a cost benefit analysis, this paper shows that solar home systems can be commercially interesting for households in urban areas. Different investment scenarios were worked out with systems costing 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total average house price. The analysis indicates that the policy is feasible when solar systems are coupled to the grid but not for off-grid systems. This is because the battery leads to high investment and maintenance cost. From a government point of view, developing policy towards renewable energy usage in urban households could help to reach national  electrification and environmental targets without extra capital allocation as well as relieve pressure on the already overburdened state electricity company, the PLN.


Most employees associate organizational change with negative feelings and, consequently, a decrease in organizational commitment and an increase in potential turnover. One stream of research demons...


Launching research has important theoretical and practical value on model test study of the relationship be- tween loess landslide and rainfall. According to the monitoring data of model test of loess slope, formula expression of safety factor has been fitted on landslide. Firstly, the loess slope damage process was monitored at different rainfall inten- sity, rainfall duration through rainfall landslide model tests. Secondly, some parameters were determined by laboratory tests, such as loess unit weight, moisture content, shear strength. Thirdly, the relational expression was fitted between moisture and rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, cohesion, internal friction angle, unit weight. Finally, moisture content being an intermediate variable, the expression was got between landslide safety factor and rainfall intensity, rainfall dura- tion.


In my meetings at the G7, we have taken historic steps to demand fair and reciprocal trade that gives Americans a level playing field against other nations. We're also working very hard for peace in the Middle East, and perhaps even peace between the Israelis and the Palestinians. Our attacks on terrorism are greatly stepped up — and you see that, you see it all over — from the previous administration, including getting many other countries to make major contributions to the fight against terror. Big, big contributions are being made by countries that weren't doing so much in the form of contribution.


A groundbreaking program at UCLA goes into inner-city schools to help students work through trauma. By learning how to deal with the trauma itself and reminders of the trauma, students are able to improve their academic and social performance.


A 43-year-old woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus had pain and horizontal diplopia. Clinical symptoms were consistent with inflammation of the right superior oblique tendon sheath, but a computed tomographic scan showed no pathology. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids reduced the symptoms, but the patient was left with a persistent muscle imbalance.


The article outlines the main trends in Czech-Ukrainian relations since the start of the special military operation in Ukraine. The main events of the bilateral agenda between Prague and Kiev were considered. The author notes that after February 24, the current Cabinet under the leadership of P. Fiala began to perceive the Ukrainian issue as a key one in the country's foreign policy. This was manifested in the increased intensity of contacts and a qualitative change in the content of the talks. An assumption is made about bringing relations to a strategic level. Moreover, it was noted that the Czech Republic sought to promote its vision of the Ukrainian issue among partners in international organizations through innovative proposals and playing ahead of the curve.


Using eight morphological parameters with six cluster analysis methods, a set of 21 traditional and four improved Philippine upland rice cultivars (cvs) could be separated into five groups: (1) improved semi-dwarf plant type, (2) improved or 'moderately modified' (short) Indica plant type, (3) traditional tall Indica plant type, (4) traditional tall Japonica plant type and (5) traditional short Japonica plant type. The results emphasized the importance of the separation into Indica and Japonica plant types, but the cultivars could be classified more accurately using growth characteristics such as tillering ability, followed by plant height and leaf area parameters. The clusters containing Indica cvs consistently showed a higher tiller number per plant, a higher growth stage (DC classification) and narrower leaves than clusters with Japonica cvs. The parameters culm length, plant height, leaf area, leaf length and width were represented in subgroups with both long and short expression of the respective characteristic. Use of the existing variability of morphological traits within the group of traditional upland rice cvs should be beneficial in recommendation, breeding, selection and development of upland rice cvs for the different rice ecosystems as well as for the upland rice/rice blast pathosystem.


In June 2006 the Conservative Party leader, David Cameron made a speech to the Centre for Policy Studies. In it he committed a future Conservative government to repeal the Human Rights Act (HRA) and replace it with a British Bill of Rights (BBoR). The purpose of this article is to subject David Camerons BBoR proposal to closer scrutiny by placing it in the wider context of Conservative thinking about constitutional reform. It does this by revisiting an essay published in 1980 by the late and distinguished political scientist, Nevil Johnson, where he explored some of the core dilemmas for Conservatives that arise when they find themselves in the position of protagonists for constitutional reform in Britain. It is argued in this article that Johnsons original essay offers a useful analytical lens through which to consider further David Camerons proposal to replace the HRA with a BBoR. The central argument of the article is that Camerons approach to addressing Conservative concerns about human rights law in Britain by advocating the repeal of the HRA and replacing it with a BBoR is inconsistent with many of the key themes of a generally orthodox conservative approach to constitutional reform.


: Stress concentration is the key factor which induces the damage of oil-gas pipeline. It brings the risk to the safety of pipeline. Point at online stress testing and risk evaluation, weak magnetism stress internal testing technology is put forward. The reason for formation of weak magnetic signal is analyzed. The weak magnetic effect of ferromagnetic material under different stress is simulated by simulation software which is based on first principle. Twice weak magnetism stress internal testing method under different run pressures is put forward. Risk evaluation method of oil-gas pipeline stress concentration is provided. Highly sensitive weak magnetism stress internal testing equipment which is independently researched and developed is applied in actual pipeline. Online internal testing and risk evaluation of the long distance pipeline are achieved. The testing result is validated through different testing method. The results show that the formation of weak magnetic signal is related to stress and stress damage. Stress induces atomic magnetic moment change. Weak magnetic signal change with stress macroscopically. Twice weak magnetism stress internal testing method under different run pressures can accurately evaluate stress concentration risk level of pipeline. Actual engineering application and excavation testing results indicate that weak magnetism stress internal testing technology is feasible and effective.


We consider a dynamic contribution game in which a group of agents collaborate to complete a public project. The agents exert efforts over time and get rewarded upon completion of the project, once the cumulative effort reaches a pre-specified level. The cost of effort is linear. We explicitly derive the cooperative solution and a noncooperative Markov-perfect Nash equilibrium. We characterize the set of socially efficient projects, i.e., projects that cooperative groups find worth completing. Comparing with the Markov-perfect Nash equilibrium, we find that non-cooperative groups give up large socially efficient projects and take too much time to complete the others.


Progress in quality of ultrathin superconducting niobium nitride films for fabrication technology of single photon detectors is here presented. The films deposited on Al2O3 single crystals reveal excellent both superconducting and structure properties but the films deposited on Si single crystals have really worse parameters. High epitaxial quality of NbN and NbTiN films grown on the Al2O3 substrates is proved by HRXRD and HRTEM studies. The results of the studies on both NbN and NbTiN films reveal one cubic NbN phase with NaCl-type structure, and the planes of NbN are correlated with Al2O3 crystal orientation. The critical temperatures of NbN and NbTiN films with thickness of few nm grown on the Al2O3 and Si substrates are in range 4K ÷ 7K, but post-grown annealing of the films at 1000°C in Ar increases temperature about 10K. Moreover, the NbTiN film deposited on sapphire at optimized conditions and annealed discloses the best superconducting properties - critical temperature of 14 K as well as extremely high critical current density of 12·106 A/cm2. This is the best results measured on so thin superconducting films and not reported up to now. The improvement in superconductor parameters is explained here due to reduced strain and defects by high temperature annealing of the film. Structural analysis on the annealed NbTiN films by XRD measurement confirms that FWHM of the 111 Bragg reflection is extremely narrow, about value of 10 arcsec characterising the best single crystals.


This paper reports a systematic study on the characteristics of silver nanowires (AgNWs) coated graphene and its application as a transparent current spreading electrode in ultra-violet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). The optimized values of optical transmittance and sheet resistance of AgNWs covered graphene were 87.7% at 375 nm and 50 ± 5 Ω/sq, respectively. Upon applying the AgNWs on graphene electrode, the UV-LED exhibited uniform bright light emission with a reduction in the forward voltage and about four-fold increase in the electroluminescence intensity. We attribute the observed performance improvements to a reduction in the sheet and contact resistances.


One of the real purposes behind this research is the intensely expanded development of the websites and social media marketing. In nowadays, social media marketing and platforms are the best opportunities accessible for firms, and a brand to interface with their consumers. Social media marketing platforms permit consumers and probabilities to communicate specifically with their brand representative. Therefore, the SMM has made life easy and innovative of people, virtual communities, and consumer behavior on SMM is different from the physical market where he has arrived to perceive the service or product of brand. The positive comments / posts / online blogs, enquiry is responded within short time, WOM, emotions has communicated with friends, low of financial risk, low probability of getting low quality products and services, low probability of wasting of time on purchasing, the friends are trustworthy, sharing a good experience with friends about purchasing, using SMMPs help to make decisions better, and using SMMPs increasing interest in purchasing all factors respectively on social media marketing.


This paper presents a three-phase four-wire active filter control strategy using the instantaneous active and reactive currents. Analyses of the currents including their harmonic components are presented, as well as simulation results that compare the mentioned theories


Abstract Background Several immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) such as anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-PD-1 mAb are in clinical use. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), it is indicated that anti-PD-1 mAb nivolumab is effective for patients who received antiangiogenic therapy regimens. However, efficacy of nivolumab as a neoadjuvant therapy has not been indicated. We report the case in which nivolumab was effective for the lung metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma and we could resect the primary tumor. Case presentation A 69-year-old woman was referred to our hospital and diagnosed as metastatic left RCC, cT3aN0M1 (multiple lung metastasis), cStageIV. After sequential treatment with TKIs and mTOR inhibitor, nivolumab was administered as the fifth treatment. Drug induced interstitial pneumonia occurred 6 days after the initial administration, so nivolumab was not administered thereafter. In course of 4 months, the lung metastatic lesions sharply reduced and we could resect the primary tumor. In addition, we analyzed tumor infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) in this case with flow cytometry and compared with the other 20 tumors resected from September 2017 to May 2018 in Kyushu university hospital. The phenotype of TILs in stagIV RCC after nivolumab administration was close to those of low stage RCC. Conclusion Currently, nivolumab treatment as a neoadjuvant therapy for metastatic RCC is not common. We report a metastatic RCC case in which we resected primary tumor after administration of nivolumab and analyzed TILs with flow cytometry.


Though forgiveness and mercy matter greatly in social life, they play fairly small roles in criminal procedure. Criminal procedure is dominated by the state, whose interests in deterring, incapacitating, and inflicting retribution leave little room for mercy. An alternative system, however, would focus more on the needs of human participants. Victim-offender mediation, sentencing discounts, and other mechanisms could encourage offenders to express remorse, victims to forgive, and communities to reintegrate and employ offenders. All of these actors could then better heal, reconcile, and get on with their lives. Forgiveness and mercy are not panaceas: not all offenders and victims would choose to take part, there are dangers of fakery and arbitrariness, and some forgiven offenders would reoffend. On the whole, however, this forgiving model offers a humane alternative to state-dominated criminal procedure.


In the context of the accelerated development of scientific and technological progress and the growth of industrial production, one of the most important state tasks is the protection of the environment and the health of living and future generations of people. In order to study the health status of the population and the ecological situation in the Spassky region of Tataria, we carried out a comprehensive environmental study of snow cover, drinking water, soil, crop and livestock products for the content of radionuclides, pesticides of 14 groups in food, nitrosamines in everyday products. In-depth medical examinations were attended by specialists from the RCH (oncologist, surgeon, therapist, neuropathologist, etc.).


In coal gasification processes based on fluidized-bed reactors, the agglomeration of particles is a significant design factor. In reactors in which the plasticity of the raw coal limits, or precludes, direct coal feed to the fluidized bed, understanding of the agglomeration process and the dependence of its rate on the concentration of sticky material would be valuable. In reactors in which agglomeration of ash particles is desired to achieve effective ash removal and to counteract fines generation, the dependence of the rate and extent of agglomeration on gas velocities and on the degree of fluidity of the sticky particles would be equally valuable. Similar information would be used to avoid excessive agglomeration, which can lead to unacceptable sinters or to defluidization as a result of the increase in average particle size. In this study a visually observable fluidized bed was used to obtain fundamental information on the behavior of the fluidized bed under agglomerating conditions. The effects of gas and solid flow patterns, concentrations of agglomerating particles and temperature distribution on the rates of agglomeration were determined. 3 refs., 5 figs.


Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, an economically serious, chronic and progressive intestinal disease of ruminants. MAP is shed into the environ- ment particularly in the faeces of ruminants. The purpose of the present study was to monitor MAP occurrence in animal faeces and different components of the environment in four herds of infected cattle and to investigate the distribution of different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types. Faecal and environmental samples were tested by cultivation and identified using a Mycobactin J dependence test and IS900 polymerase chain reaction. Randomly selected MAP isolates were typed using a standardised IS 900 RFLP method. A total of 2 410 samples were examined by culture. MAP isolates were detected in 111 (6.4%) faecal samples, 25 (3.9%) environmental samples and two (5.1%) small terrestrial mammals: common vole (Microtus arvalis) and lesser white- toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens). On farms A1 and A2 (animals were shifted between farms A1 and A2), the same four IS900 RFLP types (A-C10, B-C10, B-C1 and B-C9) of faecal isolates were detected. Three RFLP types (except for RFLP type B-C10) were also detected in the stable environment on both farms. On farms B1 and B2 (animals were shifted between farms B1 and B2), two identical IS900 RFLP types (B-C1 and E-C1) were detected in faeces and in the stable environment. The risk of MAP transmission through water was not confirmed in our


At the conference the Youth Force alliance of some 150 youth and 50 adults from throughout the world highlighted the growing impact that HIV is having on those under age 24. The alliance sponsored press conferences and a satellite session hosted networking sessions for youth and published an on-side newsletter. (excerpt)


Against the background of the rapid increase of total imported food in China, China's imported high-quality food has increased more than low-quality ones, and China's imported food quality structure has continuously improved. It is a new issue that needs further examination.,Based on the assumption of non-homothetic preference, this paper apply the method provided by Eaton and Kortum (2002) in a new theoretical model and empirically analyzes the impact of per capita income on the quality structure of imported food by using SYS-GMM with firm import data from Chinese customs.,The study finds that income is a significant factor which affects the imported food quality structure in China. The higher the per capita income, the higher the imported food quality structure. Furthermore, per capita income has a significant positive impact on the imported food quality structure in different quality groups. The research confirms that China import more food with the highest quality as its per capita income increases.,Chinese policymaker needs to reconsider the role of food imports in improving food quality structure. The aim of the Chinese food industry's supply-side reform should be not only to remove excess capacity but also to produce high-quality products that meet the demand of discriminating consumers.,This paper constructs a new theme for imported food quality structure and investigates import food quality structure improvement from the perspective of demand by incorporating non-homothetic preferences. Another feature of this paper is that it conducts an empirical analysis with unique and highly disaggregated firm import data from Chinese customs to measure imported food quality, which is more refined than the national-product dimension data.


This bachelor thesis deals with the different meaning of colours in Swedish, German and Slovak phraseology. First chapter is devoted two theoretical questions - what does phraseology in these three languages mean and how can it be devided? Practical part deals with six colours - white, black, green, yellow, red and blue. Each colour includes its description and meaning. There are many examples to every colour in all those three languages.


Background: Spain has been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with the second highest death toll in the world after Italy. Here we analyzed estimates of pandemic severity and investigated how different factors shaped the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We retrieved the daily cumulative numbers of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Spain from February 20, 2020 to April 2, 2020. We used statistical methods to estimate the time-delay adjusted case fatality ratio (CFR) for 17 autonomous areas and 2 autonomous cities of Spain. We then assessed how transmission and sociodemographic variables were associated with the CFR across areas in Spain using multivariate regression analysis. Results: We estimated the highest time-delay-adjusted CFR for Madrid (38.4%) and the average adjusted CFR in Spain at 23.9%. Our multivariate regression analysis revealed a statistically significant three predictor variables: infant mortality rate, poverty risk rate and the cumulative morbidity rate. Conclusions: Our estimates of the time-delay adjusted CFR for 12 autonomous areas/cities in Spain are significantly higher than those previously estimated for other geographic regions including China and Korea. Our results call for urgent public health interventions focusing on low socioeconomic groups to ameliorate the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.


Introduction: Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) breast MRI has been shown to be very sensitive in cancer detection [1,2]. Most malignant tumors demonstrate an initial enhancement followed by a rapid wash-out (WO) or plateau curve in the post-contrast signal intensity time courses. The WO curve mainly reflects the hypervascularity associated with tumor angiogenesis essential for tumor growth [3-5]. Although most benign lesions exhibit a slower but persistent enhancement without the WO behavior [1], false-positive kinetic curves were frequently observed in many benign lesions including fibroadenomas, proliferative fibrocystic changes, atypical ductal hyperplasia, etc. [6,7]. This results in a low specificity and consequently a smaller positive predictive value (PPV) for biopsies. In a recent study involving a total of 125 suspicious or highly suggestive of malignant lesions (BI-RADS 4 or 5), the biopsies resulted in 42 malignant tumors and 83 benign lesions, showing a 33.6% PPV at the clinic [8]. Our recent preliminary study demonstrates the potential of using WO volume fraction as a new biomarker for differentiating benign from malignant contrast-enhancing breast lesions [9]. The hypothesis is that WO volume fraction, those voxels showing rapid wash-in and wash-out behavior in proportion to total lesion voxels showing rapid wash-in, has the potential to be a biomarker for indicating the degree of hypervascularity associated with tumor angiogenesis. Currently, the usual clinical approach is based on selecting only the most suspicious voxels within a lesion to characterize that lesion and does not incorporate the proportion of the most suspicious wash-out voxels to the total lesion volume. We hypothesized that the WO volume fraction for benign proliferation might be relatively small in comparison to malignant lesions, considering that an aggressive cancer cell growth is most likely accompanied by relatively larger angiogenesis [9]. In this study we investigated using the WO volume fraction as a biomarker for improving the characterization of suspicious contrast-enhancing breast lesions, aiming to improve the PPV of biopsies and consequently to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies.


The effects of the different addition methods of extracts from banana and its concentration on the propagation of proto-corm-like bodies of Dendrobium huoshanense were studied. The results showed that the 1/2MS medium with the extract at the concentration of 5% - 10% was helpful to the propagation of the protocormlike bodies.


The number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing alarmingly from year to year. Efforts to find cheap, safe and effective natural ingredients for DM are becoming increasingly important. This study was aimed to study the antidiabetic and immunostimulant properties of bosibosi (Timonius flavescens) leaves ethanol extract (LEE) in alloxan-induced diabetic female Wistar rats. Diabetic animals (2 mo, 150-190 g bw) were induced by ip administration of alloxan (175 mg/kg bw) after 24 hrs fasting. Animals were randomly distributed into 4 different groups (5 rats each), group I (normal rats, treated with NaCl), gorup II (diabetic rats, treated with N aCl), group III (diabetic, treated with metformin, 250 mg/kg bw), and group IV (diabetic rats, treated with LEE, 500 mg/kg bw). All ingredients (total volume 1 mL) were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken from the ventral tail vein on days 0, 7 and 14 for blood glucose determination. On day 14, rats were fasted (24 hrs), anesthetized and cardiac punctured for blood sample (5 mL) for leucocyte analysis. Blood glucose level of diabetic rats with EED (IV) was significantly lower than diabetic mice without LEE (II) (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in blood glucose level between LEE (IV) and normal (I) and metformin (III) rats. LEE also significantly increased the relative weight of lymph, the number of lymphocyte compared to normal (normal, non-diabetic) animals. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of bosibosi leaves has antidiabetic activity and immunostimulant properties.


Various problems found and solved in the course of the commissioning of the Siam Photon Source, a 1.0 GeV light source accelerator complex obtained second hand and reformed to a more advanced structure, are described. Among various obstacles having been encountered, issues of some representative examples as hardware defects in the linac, setting up of the pattern memory for the synchrotron operation, the broken timing system, both internal and external noise affecting the machine control system and the irregular floor settlement causing large COD are presented.


 In Brazil, the diesel-electric locomotives are used in the majority of railroads, where a diesel engine provides kinetic energy for an electric generator that feed the traction engines. During the braking process, the traction motors operate as generators, and the kinetic energy of the locomotive is dissipated in the form of heat in resistor banks, process known as dynamic braking. However, this energy could be harnessed, for example, to feed the auxiliary loads of the locomotive. Thus, this work developed a computational model for regenerating the energy produced by braking by the locomotive to feed its auxiliary loads, such as air conditioning, air compressor, fans and blowers. For this, were modelled the traction motors as generators, the main loads fed by the auxiliary circuit and an energy regeneration system. The developed models are represented by difference equations and logic, which were simulated using the Hysdel Toolbox of Matlab. Were evaluated three different types of accumulators, one formed by supercapacitors and batteries, another formed exclusively by batteries and a third formed exclusively by supercapacitors, highlighting the model formed exclusively by batteries, that presented an economy of 8,477 L of diesel per year by locomotive.


The utility model relates to a pair of protective forceps for a guiding drill, which is composed of a guiding drill, a guiding drill body, a pair of side forceps, a forceps handle, a handle, and clamping teeth, etc. The guiding drill body and the side forceps are combined by making use of the guiding drill; the utility model is used for the drilling guide of a drill head; a tap expands the drilling guide; the utility model is sheathed with the guiding drill which is suitable for the drill heads with different models by making use of the guiding drill body of the same forceps; the side forceps performs a function that peripheral tissues of opposite side bones of the steel plate are protected from being damaged by the drill heads and the tap. Simultaneously, a long ellipse-shaped concave portion of the side forceps makes the drill heads and the tap have miss feeling, and the drill heads and the tap are prevented from being damaged. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable design and simple structure; the utility model has a combined function which is integrated with protection, drilling, fixation, and orientation, and the utility model can conveniently and accurately conduct an internal fixing operation or a screw fixing operation of pressurizing steel plates of fracture of limbs.


This study seeks to ascertain the growth in government expenditure and determine the factors
responsible for this growth. In this study, we examined 4 determinants of growth in public
expenditure: Inflation, Public debt, tax revenue and population. The data collected for these
variables were subjected to the ordinary least square regression analysis. The results indicate that:
inflation has a negative relationship with total government expenditure (TGEX); population has
a positive relationship with TGEX; public debt has a significant positive relationship with TGEX;
and tax revenue has a significant positive relationship with TGEX. This shows that these variables
are the major determinants of growth in the Government Expenditure. We recommend, therefore,
that the fiscal responsibility bill in the National Assembly should always be passed into law on time
to reduce budget deficit and public debt and their effects on the economy.


Hypocalcemia is common in the initial period after total laryngectomy. The purpose of the present study was to study the incidence of and risk factors for postlaryngectomy hypocalcemia at our institution.


The large axialradial reactor for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation is a new type of radial flow reactor with catalysts self-sealing structure at the top of the bed,complex two-dimensional fluid flow in the catalyst bed.The continuity equation and the Ergen equation on the representative volume element are used to describe fluid flow in the axial-radial reactor in this paper,and the results are verified in a large cold model of size  3000×10000.Flow fields are obtained by computer simulation with the finite difference method,and the effects of catalyst sealing length and flow direction on fluid field are discussed.The result shows that the fluid flow is mainly radial-flow at the radial section and mainly axial-radial flow at the catalyst sealing zone; Q a/ Q is approximately equal to Q r/ Q when δ equals 0.7 for centripetal flow and 1.1 for centrifugal flow, when δ is less than the values the fluid flow in the catalyst sealing zone is mainly axial-flow,when δ is bigger than the values the fluid flow is mainly radial-flow.Compared with centrifugal axial- radial reactor,centripetal axial- radial reactorcan limit the flux which flows through the catalyst sealing zone.


We present a conceptual design for a polarized $^3$He target for Jefferson Lab's CLAS12 spectrometer in its standard configuration. This two-cell target will take advantage of advancements in optical pumping techniques at high magnetic field to create 60\% longitudinally polarized $^3$He gas in a pumping cell inside the CLAS12 5 T solenoid. By transferring this gas to a 20 cm long, 5 K target cell, a target thickness of $3 \times 10^{21}$ $^3$He/cm$^2$ will be produced, reaching the detector's specified maximum luminosity with a beam current of 2.5 $\mu A$.


This guide will assist BIO 120 students, as well as other biology students, when starting to look for and gather research for papers and assignments.


Volume at Griya Mulya Asri House In Makassar City. Guided by DR.Hj.Herminawati Abubakar., S.E., M.M and DR.Haeruddin Saleh., S.E., M.SiHome is a basic human need other than clothing and food. The increasing housing demand for Makassar residents encourages housing developers to provide more viable alternative housing solutions. Griya Mulya Asri Housing Estate is one of the best alternative choice for people who want a relaxed atmosphere amidst the urban bustle. Griya Mulya Asri Housing is very good for the habitable area in terms of price, facilities, comfort and location.This study aims to analyze the strategy of segmentation, targeting, positioning (STP) applied by PT Hinda Assalam Brother to increase the sales volume of the house at Griya Mulya Asri. Analyzer used is multiple linear regression. Respondents of this research are Griya Mulya Asri resident. The result of analysis shows that segmentation, targeting, positioning strategy influence to the increase of sales volume.


Abstract Background UK CQUIN schemes encourage an improvement focus on a specific area of care. In 2019, CQUIN CCG1a: Improving the management of lower UTI in older people1 was adopted at the RUH resulting in increased alignment with UK guidance on diagnosis and treatment.2 Our aim was to investigate whether this improvement was sustained two years later. This would help inform quality improvement interventions prior to adoption of the 2022 CQUIN, CCG2: Appropriate antibiotic prescribing for UTI in adults aged 16+.3 Objectives Service evaluation of the UTI pathway including compliance with two of the CQUIN care processes for UTI diagnosis in patients age 65+ presenting to ED (not admitted): (i) diagnosis excludes use of urine dipstick in people aged 65+; and (ii) urine sample sent to microbiology as per UK guidance.2 Methods A search of the electronic patient record for key terms (Table 1) identified 6076 ED attendances for patients age 65+ between 1 August and 31 October 2021 of which 40 were identified with a primary diagnosis of UTI not requiring hospital admission. Paramedic, ED and Urgent Treatment Centre notes (paper and electronic) were reviewed in detail and information gathered regarding presence/absence of UTI symptoms aligned to diagnostic guidelines;2 presence/absence of urine dipstick test; and presence/absence of urine sample for culture and susceptibility testing. Findings were compared with identical trust data for patients (admitted and non-admitted) obtained during the 2019 CQUIN: Q1 April–June; Q2 July–September; Q3 October–December. During this period improvement interventions were implemented. Results See Table 2. Conclusions Following intensive staff education improved practice regarding urine dipstick testing and appropriate urine sampling in elderly patients with possible UTI was observed during the 2019 CQUIN period. Two years later this improvement had not been sustained. When planning interventions during the 2022 CQUIN,3 consideration should be given to a bundle of interventions including education, data feedback and systems improvement, for example, computerized decision support systems (CDSS) to embed sustained change.Table 1. Key terms used to search electronic patient record when identifying eligible patients Search terms Search fields Urin, UTI, pyelonephritis, cystitis, urosepsis, CAUTI, AKI, Acute Kidney Injury, Flank pain Reason for visit, Chief Complaint, Presenting Complaint, ECDSTable 2. Percentage compliance with CQUIN care processes for UTI diagnosis in patients age 65+ Data collection period No. of patients Patients with urine dipstick, % (target 0%) Patients with documented symptoms and urine sample, % (target 100%) Patients with no documented symptoms and urine sample, % (target 0%) Urine sampling decision aligned with UK guideline,2% 2019 CQUIN Q1 100 20 89 95 72 2019 CQUIN Q2 100 3 93 79 83 2019 CQUIN Q3 100 6 93 60 90 COVID pandemic ȃPre 2022 CQUIN 40 68 60 47 58


This paper introduces a performance analysis of a multi-user spectrum sharing based the effect of node positions in an MIMO cognitive radio (CR) network. The objective is to develop and enable reliable CR technology. This paper: 1) develops the performance analysis to support multi-user CR systems, 2) describes the significant effect of each node position and the distance between them, 3) combines decision results on both downlink and uplink operations, and, 4) presents a spectrum allocation method for all users in CR systems. The simulation results show the performance of secondary users in terms of the bit error rate inside their coverage areas together with the effect of GPS error. Finally, a complete self-evaluation guideline of the overlapping spectrum sharing for multi-user CR systems is presented. The outcome of this paper is very useful to enhance CR systems. Also, it can be easily implemented in practice for spectrum sharing. The users can realize by themselves whether their positions are in the available area or not.


Software Cost Estimation (SCE) is one of complex problems in software engineering area. So, a lot of attention has been allocated to solving this problem. Thus the correct estimate of the cost and effort required for software companies and company executives and companies is very significant. In required effort prediction, estimated size and cost of the project with high accuracy is still vast challenge for projects masters. In 1981, had been developed algorithmic models which called Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) by Boehm. These models were used for required effort prediction. Since, COCOMO 81 is not suitable model for responding new requirements in recent years, so COCOMO II model in 2000 published. COCOMO II is most transparent model among algorithmic models (COCOMO family) for estimates the cost of software. Today's, there are very smart methods more efficient and effective algorithmic COCOMO methods, so many research and review the data mining techniques to estimate the true cost of software is done. This paper a survey of the literature of application of data mining techniques in SCE collected form software databases as well as international conferences and journals. Data mining techniques of expert systems were selected according to a set of criteria of work relevancy their internal architecture techniques were reviewed. The techniques are Fuzzy Decision Trees (FDTs), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Bayesian Networks (BN) classifiers and etc. Our work addresses the issue of software effort prediction via these methods using historical project data samples. A classification considering the main goal of the methods has been made. For each category, a discussion of the suitability of SCE data mining techniques is presented in required effort and cost prediction. The results of survey conducted indicate that in most cases, these methods very efficacious compare with algorithmic COCOMO models. Keywords: Software Cost Estimation; Expert Systems; Data Mining; COCOMO; Artificial Intelligence


T HE research of active flutter suppression has witnessed numerous achievements over the past decades [1–4]. However, it is still a rewarding field because of some open problems, such as the design of robust controllers. The structured singular value from the theory of robust control is one of the methods to design the robust control law for flutter suppression [5–9]. In practice, the flutter boundary greatly depends on the flight parameters, such as the dynamic pressure or the Mach number. Therefore, an apparent way to design the robust control law for flutter suppression in the μ framework is to introduce a perturbation to flight parameters and to determine the smallest perturbation that causes system instability. For example, Lind derived a linear fractional transformation (LFT) for the robust aeroservoelastic (ASE) stability analysis with parameterization around perturbation in dynamic pressure [10]. Barker et al. proposed a gain-scheduled controller depending on both Mach and dynamic pressure in a linear fractional manner [11]. Because the dynamic pressure is related to both airspeed and air density, Lind [12] replaced the formulation of the dynamic pressure with a polynomial function of airspeed. Moulin [13] presented the design of a μ controller of flutter suppression based on the state-space LFT model of anASE system incorporating airspeed and air-density variations as structured parametric uncertainties. However, the dimension of the structured uncertainties of the resulting models may be rather high. Thus, the design of the robust controller for flutter suppression becomes difficult, and the order of the controller remains high. If the dimension of the uncertainty block can be reduced in modeling uncertainty, the controller can be easily designed from the reduced model of uncertainty. The objective of this note is to present a new scheme to model the state-space LFT system of a multiple-actuated wing (MAW) with airspeed and air-density uncertainties so as to reduce the dimension of the resulting uncertainty block. The rest part of the note is organized as follows. In Sec. II, the mathematical model of the ASE system is established. In Sec. III, the LFT model of the ASE system with airspeed uncertainty is derived by using Moulin's method and new scheme, respectively. In Sec. IV, the LFT model of the ASE system with airspeed and air-density variations is also presented. In Sec. V, two kinds of μ controllers, i.e., a single-input/single-output (SISO) controller and a multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) controller, are presented to suppress the flutter instability of the MAW model incorporating airspeed and air-density variations. Finally, some conclusions are drawn in Sec. VI.


Reduced salaries, raised census and higher collections have in many hospitals throughout the country created an optimism which has been reflected in a general trend toward an improvement of service. Boards of directors have come to rely on the medical staff for advice of a scientific nature. The time is most opportune for a general realization, especially by the older and more influential physicians, of the now developing possibilities. Many hospital laboratories may be anywhere from fifteen to twenty years behind without its staff fully appreciating this defect. It is hoped to set forth a conception of a modern, efficient, yet unpretentious laboratory for a hospital of moderate size, to serve as a measuring stick for institutions in a similar class. As in other fields, the personnel of a laboratory is its principal limiting agent. It is conceivable, but unlikely, that a laboratory can be all that could be desired


Recent methods to automatically calibrate stationary eye trackers were shown to effectively reduce inherent calibration distortion. However, these methods require additional information, such as mouse clicks or on-screen content. We propose the first method that only requires users' eye movements to reduce calibration distortion in the background while users naturally look at an interface. Our method exploits that calibration distortion makes straight saccade trajectories appear curved between the saccadic start and end points. We show that this curving effect is systematic and the result of distorted gaze projection plane. To mitigate calibration distortion, our method undistorts this plane by straightening saccade trajectories using image warping. We show that this approach improves over the common six-point calibration and is promising for reducing distortion. As such, it provides a non-intrusive solution to alleviating accuracy decrease of eye tracker during long-term use.


Cross-cultural comparisons of sensory data are often required in product development. Free choice profiling permits each evaluator the freedom to use language and scaling procedures with which he feels comfortable. The data are usually analyzed by Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA). There are, however, other multi-block consensus methods: e.g. Consensus Principal Component Analysis (C-PCA) (Westerhuis et. al, 1998) and Multi-block Component Analysis (MBCA) (Smilde et. al, 2000). All three of these techniques were applied to a recent project aimed at developing savory flavors for the Asian market.


The paper offers a comprehensive approach to analyzing the processes of environmentally sustainable development (ESD) and green economy (GE) through the prism of interaction between business, the state and the society. The authors grouped twelve factors of ESD and GE in Russia into four categories: those that relate more to the society (formation of an eco-friendly lifestyle, development of eco-activism, popularization of eco-volunteerism), the state ( need for modernization of economy, participation in international cooperation in the field of sustainable development, implementation of state projects of international importance, achievement of environmental sustainability in urban development) and business (development of environmental regulation of business, emergence of green business opportunities, proliferation of sustainable norms and standards of doing business), as well as background factors ( use of new technologies that promote ESD and GE, and actualization of environmental problems). The approach presented allows us to systemically evaluate the processes of ESD and GE and can be applied both for theoretical studies and for achieving practical results.


MSMEs (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) are known as one of the sectors which had undergone a decline in line with the COVID-19 pandemic. Capital is known to be an important issue for MSMEs at the time of the pandemic. The fluctuating income also influences the economy. The existence of Islamic financial organizations with various sharia-based financing products now becomes such a good option to be applied. One of the financing products in financing with a mudharabah contract. This study was done on purpose to help determine how the effect of mudharabah financing on the development of MSMEs in the new normal era. This research applies a quantitative approach, and the primary data to make a questionnaire to customers of MSME owners listed at Al Madani sharia cooperative.  The analytical method used is the instrument test, classical assumptions, hypothesis testing and the coefficient of determination. Produces that mudharabah financing has a positive effect on the development of MSMEs. Reflected from the test result a calculated value of 5.980> 2.023 and a significance of 0.000<0.05. So, mudharabah financing gives such a positive influence on the development of MSMEs.


Some researchers blame market liquidity for idiosyncratic price biases. Varying liquidities bias not only bond prices, but also term structure of interest rates and other asset valuations. To hinder volatile term structure, we need to realize basic yields which had been a concept since 1942 to produce stable reference of term structures. We have reviewed the basic yields from the current risk management concept and redefine the basic term structure as a liquidity-risk-premium-free term structure. To construct the basic term structure, a new methodology based on statistical modes of liquidity measures is available to calculate basic bond prices. We provide some liquidity measures, such as: bid-ask spread, quotation frequency and time-to-maturity. Since many previous literatures considered transaction frequency was not a significant measure, we split the measure into positive-return and negative-return quotation frequencies. Contrary to the previous literatures, our regression shows that the quotation frequency is a significant measure. The estimation have successfully implemented the methodology to estimate the data of on-the-run Indonesian domestic government and the US Treasuries' bonds from April 2013 to October 2013 to represent developing and developed markets. Using composite or nominal bootstrap estimation, we find out that between-maturity and between-day prices contain the mixtures of homoscedastic and heteroscedastic errors. The estimation has changed between-maturity price error becoming more homoscedastic. However, between-day price error stays heteroscedastic which it may come from country and inflation risk premiums.


Background: Based on data 2014, the majority of the active acceptors are those who use 3 month-injection methods. In reality, however, there are many acceptors who do not know the side effect of 3 month-injection method. These make the
writer interested in conducting a study on the side effect of 3 month-injection contraceptive.
Objective: To conduct counseling on the side effect of 3 month-injection contraceptive in term of improving the acceptor's knowledge about that side effect in private midwifery clinic of Midwife Hj. Sukarni, S.ST., S.Kep. at Bonorowo, Kebumen.
Method: This study is descriptive qualitative with the method of the case study.
Result: After having counseling on the side effect of 3 month-injection contraceptive by applying leaflet media, the knowledge of acceptor about the side effect of 3 month-injection is increasing.
Conclusion: Counseling on the side effect of 3 month-injection contraceptive using leaflets media can really increase the acceptor's knowledge about that kind of side effect.


This paper is focused on the preparatory heat treatment experiments on two new type alloy steels 22CrMoH and 17CrNiMo6 of the automobile gear.A series of experiments have been carried out on three different technology conditions of normalizing,normalizing and high temperature tempering,and isothermal annealing.Through analyzing the structure and properties of the two materials,160HB-180HB,ferrite and pearlite microstructure are good for machining.A most reasonable preparatory heat treatment plan is put forward——isothermal annealing.


At the outset it should be stated, with training in the social sciences, (in sociology) and experience as a gerontology researcher which has been exclusively university based I have a commitment to a social science research perspective. While much of what will be said may well apply to biological and medical research, that is left to those experts to determine.


Summary

(1) The pattern of absolute atid relative gonad growth during the life-span and the seasonal gotiad cycle were determined from monthly samples of chub taken from two tributaries of the Herefordshire Wye.

(2) A marked change in the pattern of absolute gonad growth was thought to indicate the attainment of sexual maturity. This was found to occur synchronously with corresponding changes in the pattern of body growth described previously and was in agreement with the age at which a seasonal gonad cycle was detectable.

(3) Sexual maturity was attained during the eighth year of life (7+) in female chub and in males from the Afon Llynfi, but most males from the River Lugg matured a year earlier.

(4) The chub gonads continued to increase in relative size after the attainment of sexual maturity. This was more evident in female chub.

(5) Seasonal changes in the gonad condition and weight were followed. Gonad maturation occurred during spring and the gonad mass increased rapidly just prior to spawning.

(6) Spawning occurred during June.


Aim: This review article is an attempt to analyse the probable mode of action of Kalyanaka ghrita in psychiatric conditions. Background: Unmada is a term that represents broad classes of mental ailments in Ayurvedic literature. Mental disorders impose an enormous burden on society, accounting for almost one in three years lived with disability globally. According to the WHO, every year, almost one million people die from suicide; a "global" mortality rate of 16 per 1,00,000 or one death every 40 seconds. Kalyanaka ghrita is a time tested and clinically proven polyherbal formulation which is widely and effectively used by Ayurvedic physicians in the management of psychiatric conditions. Results: While analysing the Rasapanchaka (Ayurvedic Principles of Drug-Action), it is found that of the 28 ingredients, 15 drugs are having Tikta rasa, 22 with Laghu guna, 19 with Ushna veerya and 18 with Katu vipaka. Considering Doshaharatwa, 12 drugs are Kaphapittahara. All these properties are against Kapha dosha. Conclusion: Kalyanaka ghrita may be more effective in the management of Kaphaja unmada, among all the 6 varieties of Unmada. Clinical Significance: Analysis of mode of action leads us to the inference that Kalyanaka ghrita may be more effective in the management of Kaphaja unmada, characterised by slow or weak voice and body movements, anorexia, desire for women (sex) and solitude, excessive sleep, vomiting, dribbling of saliva, symptoms pronounced just after intake of food, whitish discoloration of nails constitute Kaphaja unmada, a classical example being depression.


Photoemission delays from copper (111) are measured in an attosecond pump - infrared probe experiment. The influence of the probe pulse and the validity of the Fresnel equations on atomic length and time scales are investigated.


This article studies distance-based formation control of a set of nonlinear multiagent systems over directed graphs. We propose a distributed, distance-based formation control scheme for a set of heterogeneous, nonlinear agents over a particular class of minimally, structurally persistent, directed graphs in a 3-D space, namely, directed trilateral Laman graphs. The responsibility of controlling each directed edge is assigned to only one of the adjacent agents. The state-dependent Riccati equation is used to design the control method for nonlinear agents. Based on the mathematical induction and stability theory of cascade interconnected systems, we rigorously prove the asymptotic stability of the overall formation. A combination of signed area and volume constraints is used to prevent agents from converging to the flip-ambiguous frameworks in 3-D space. The proposed control law assures collision avoidance between the neighboring pairs of agents. Simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical results.


ABSTRACT This article reviews the immunobiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with special reference to HPV-associated lesions of the female genital tract. (J GYNECOL SURG 6:11, 1990)


"Readers come to the texts imbued with their own personalities and character traits, their individual experiences and memories, their personal situations and concerns, their cultural background and perspective, and their backlog of language." (Karolides, 1997, p. 9) "Reading instruction needs to continue as students enter middle…schools because reading is not a skill that is learned once and for all." (Lenski, Wham, & Johns, 1999, p. 4)


The effect of oral administration of vanadium(V)on blood glucose was examined in the male and female KK mice with genetic non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM).The major differences between males and females were observed in their sensitivity to high concentration of vanadium(100mg/L)through drinking water.The results obtained from male mice showed that water intake,blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLc),and total cholesterol(TCHO)were significantly decreased without any effect on body weight.Furthermore,the plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol(1,5-AG)concentration and glucose tolerance were significantly increased and improved after 100mg/L of vanadium treatment.In addition,vanadium had no effect on plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT)activities,and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels as compared with the controls.These results suggest that there are significant sex differences in sensitivity to vanadium with a glucose-lowering dose in male and female KK mouse.The glucose-lowering effects were more marked in males than in females.


We consider the problem of verifying complex learned controllers using distillation. In contrast to previous work, we require that the distilled model maintains behavioural fidelity with an oracle, defining the notion of non-divergent path length (NPL) as a metric. We demonstrate that current distillation approaches with proven accuracy bounds do not have high expected NPL and can be out-performed by naive behavioural cloning. We thus propose a distillation algorithm that typically gives greater expected NPL, improved sample efficiency, and more compact models. We prove properties of NPL maximization and demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on deep Q-network controllers for three standard learning environments that have been used in this context: Pong, CartPole and MountainCar.


This paper proposes a new method for enhancing sand-dust images by correcting color deviation and improving contrast, which is aimed at addressing the visual interference caused by sand-blind conditions for pilots. Firstly, to compensate for the color attenuation of the blue channel and better correct the yellowish appearance of sand-dust images, a channel compensation module based on the standard deviation of the yellow histogram is proposed. Secondly, a color normalization module that maintains the yellow mean value is designed to correct the color imbalance issue by making the red, blue, and green histograms similar. Finally, a partition-based enhancement module based on the brightness feature is constructed to decompose the brightness space V into a highlight region B and a dark region D, which are enhanced by limiting contrast adaptive histogram equalization and nonlinear transformation, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves good enhancement performance on sand-dust images with different degrees of color deviation, and outperforms SDIE in terms of NIQE, NBIQA, BRISQUE, and NPQI metrics, achieving performance improvements of 14.22%, 19.87%, 13.40%, and 8.96%, respectively, with more effective significance detection performance.


The article discusses the general characteristics of the electoral system of Ukraine, the rights of candidates and voters. The procedure for the election of the President of Ukraine and other representative bodies is presented. Extraordinary elections to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the IX convocation are considered, their features are indicated. Also noted are the problems of the electoral process and their results. Measures are proposed to increase the effectiveness of mechanisms to ensure the legitimacy of the electoral process and its results.


What do you do with the information you've found, and how do you analyse it?
We look at a range of approaches, from note-taking and reference management through to spreadsheets and databases.


The operating efficiency of Taiwanese commercial banks is a key factor on Taiwan's economic development. However, the changes in credit risk of the banks have serious impact on productivity change. In this paper, we use financial ratios to assess credit risk of 34 Taiwanese commercial banks before and during the global financial crisis over the period 2007-08, and investigate the productivity change based on the changes in credit risk with the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) approach, which is calculated from efficiency scores based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). Then we apply Tobit regression to identify the key variables which significantly affect the efficiencies in c 6 pt redit risk and to analyze the correlation between the experience of M & As investment and productivity change. And according to earning per share (EPS) and MPI, we classify the 34 banks into four groups. We find that different groups of banks should have different strategies of credit risk management to survive in this changing environment. Furthermore, the increase of the ratio of total loans to total assets could not improve technical efficiency (TE) and pure technical efficiency (PTE) at the decision making units (DMUs) due to the increase of credit risk. Also, the experience of M & As investment could have poor help on efficiency/productivity change on credit risk at the DMUs.


The innovative technologies of Web 2.0 have created a lot of opportunities for learning in the present web environment. Although these are largely experimental, some of them are very popular and useful. Some popular tools of Web2.0 are wikis, blogs, video sharing, podcasting, RSS, social bookmarking, and many more. Web2.0 is more than a set of 'tools', new technologies and services. The general internet users as well as the teachers and learners have been well adapting to these emerging technologies to integrate the learning process. The paper introduces major Web 2.0 tools and discusses their applications in learning.


Vaccines composed of Haemophilus influenzae b capsular polysaccharide (PRP) oligomers coupled to diphtheria toxoid (DTd), (DTd-ol), have been shown to induce antibodies (Ab) to PRP after repetitive immunization (imm) of infants at ages at which there is no response to PRP vaccine. To further examine the immunogenicity of DTd-ol, a 3-yr-old child with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WA) and a 7-yr-old child with isolated IgG2 subclass deficiency (G2−) who had both failed to produce Ab following two imms with purified PRP were then imm 3X with DTd-ol. Anti-PRP Ab, μg/ml, increased as follows:Both children produced a normal Ab titer to DTd after the first imm. The anti-PRP Ab isotype induced by DTd-ol was almost exclusively the IgG isotype in WA and both IgG and IgM isotypes in G2−. Over 90% of the anti-PRP Ab of the IgG isotype was of the IgG1 subclass in both WA and G2−, but IgG2 subclass Ab did increase after imm in both WA and G2− and was not detected preimm. The Ab light chain was predominately kappa type. Analytical isoelectric focusing patterns of Ab showed a restricted number of IgG Ab clonotypes. These results suggest that the poor response to polysaccharides in some immunodeficiency diseases can be bypassed by imm with oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines and offer insight into the response of young infants to DTd-ol.


Chicken eggs are considered an important animal protein source and are easily accessible in terms of availability and affordability, particularly for low-income earners. Trade competition is a major problem facing the egg-based livestock SMEs in Sumberagung village. According to a particular business owner, marketing media is essential in creating more awareness and demands. This enterprise is managed independently, with the support of family members. Therefore, effective management principles are rarely applied. However, observation, discussion and problem-solving methods were employed, in addition to the waterfall system development model. The present research explored the Shopee e-commerce application to design a digital platform to market products and create extensive public awareness. The website also served as a faster medium to manage consumer requests directly. Therefore, the development of information systems is expected to boost SMEs productivity, create a wider product identity and compete favorably with other producers, with the potentials of increasing business profits.


The emergence of personal concierge and errand services in the past decade offers a rare opportunity to look at a fledgling occupation with uncertain prospects and in particular to examine its rhetorical struggles for legitimacy. Providers of these services are attempting to commodify household and personal tasks largely associated with women's labor. Based on interviews and participant observation, this article demonstrates that this association of concierge work with women's work impedes its symbolic and monetary valuation in the market. In response, concierges primarily use gender-neutral frames to legitimate their product and cast themselves as professionals. This analysis illuminates multiple dimensions of legitimacy-seeking and documents the continued influence of gender on rhetorics of work and value in the market.


We introduce Puppet Flow (PF), a layered model describing the optical flow of a person in a video sequence. We consider video frames composed by two layers: a foreground layer corresponding to a person, and background. We model the background as an affine flow field. The foreground layer, being a moving person, requires reasoning about the articulated nature of the human body. We thus represent the foreground layer with the Deformable Structures model (DS) [2], a parametrized 2D part-based human body representation. We call the motion field defined through articulated motion and deformation of the DS model, a Puppet Flow. By exploiting the DS representation, Puppet Flow is a parametrized optical flow field, where parameters are the person's pose, gender and body shape.


For the bivoltine (Dazao) strain of the silkworm Bombyx mori L., diapause expression in progeny is induced by exposure to conditions of 25 °C and continuous illumination (LL) during the maternal generation, whereas an environment of 15 °C and constant darkness (DD) results in nondiapause progeny. Initiation of diapause in progeny can be prevented by treatment of diapause‐programmed eggs with hydrochloric acid (HCl) at approximately 24 h post‐oviposition. To investigate whether glutathione is involved in the regulation of diapause induction and initiation in this species, measurements of total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and peroxiredoxins (Prdx) are compared in eggs incubated under LL and DD conditions, and between diapause eggs and those treated with HCl. Compared with DD, eggs incubated under LL have higher total glutathione (GSH + 2GSSG), lower GSH, higher GSSG, a lower GSH/GSSG ratio, lower GST activity and higher Prdx activity at stages 20–25 of maternal embryogenesis. The lower ratio of GSH/GSSG is indicative of pro‐oxidative conditions during diapause induction, which may result from the stronger oxidation of GSH. Compared with HCl‐treated eggs, diapause eggs have lower total glutathione, no difference in GSH, lower GSSG, a higher GSH/GSSG ratio, no difference in GST activity and lower Prdx between 36 and 72 h post‐oviposition. The higher ratio GSH/GSSG is indicative of reducing conditions during diapause initiation, which may a result of the weaker oxidation of GSH. Moreover, variations of Prdx and GST suggest that Prdx rather than GST plays an important role in the oxidation of GSH during the induction and initiation of diapause.


The aim of an invisibility device is to guide light around any object put inside, being able to hide objects from sight. In this work, we propose a novel design of dielectric invisibility media based on negative refraction and optical conformal mapping that seems to create perfect invisibility. This design has some advantages and more relaxed constraints compared with already proposed schemes. In particular, it represents an example where the time delay in a dielectric invisibility device is zero. Furthermore, due to the impedance matching of negatively refracting materials, the reflection should be close to zero. These findings strongly indicate that perfect invisibility with optically isotropic materials is possible. Finally, the area of the invisible space is also discussed.


The behavior of emitted LA phonons when an electric field is applield to \ensuremath{\delta}-doped 〈001〉 GaAs is investigated by the time-of-flight method. The characteristics show peculiar features due to specific interaction processes involved, i.e., direct emission by heated carriers as well as resonance absorption of nonequilibrium LA phonons besides decay and conversion processes of high-energy phonons. The latter contributions are in accordance with Monte Carlo simulations.


edge or that treats a particular branch of knowledge in a comprehensive manner. The history of encyclopedias is over two centuries old. Cyclopaedia usually considered as the first prototype of modern encyclopedias was compiled and edited by Ephraim Chambers in London in 1728. This two-volume publication covered the arts and sciences, and was alphabetically arranged and used an extensive system of cross-references. Seven editions of Cyclopaedia had been published by 1751-52 and the materials for seven additional volumes


From the beginning of its mission, in 1995, the ERS-2 satellite has recorded an important set of data. The performance and accuracy of its instrument provide precious information for the scientific community. The experience acquired during 10 years has led the European Space Agency (ESA) to plan a reprocessing activity of the entire set of the available scatterometer data. This reprocessing activity will use the enhanced on-ground processing1 and calibration2 chains. In this paper, the calibration strategy for the scatterometer data reprocessing from the beginning of the mission is presented. It consists in looking for a calibration area (rainforest, ocean or ice) which would allow a highly accurate tuning of the antenna patterns (already tuned within the specifications).


Throughout December 2017 and January/February 2018, there have been widespread alarming media reports of escalating cases of seasonal influenza. Yet, the European Union research initiative PREPARE (the Platform for Preparedness Against (Re-)Emerging Epidemics), which monitors the response to outbreaks, reports that the current influenza threat to Europe is limited and concludes that based on available information, there is no evidence for an overall increase in severity in this flu season compared to previous years [5]. Is that the case globally, and how can we reconcile these views, including the personal experiences of frontline respiratory teams managing high numbers of cases? Chief Editor Anita Simonds explains what's happening on the frontline of the flu season http://ow.ly/fBW630iiYC5


We have obtained deep surface photometry of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4244. Our data reliably reach 27.5 R magnitude arcsec-2, a significant improvement on our earlier deep CCD surface photometry of other galaxies. NGC 4244 is a nearby Scd galaxy whose total luminosity is approximately 1 mag fainter than the peak of the Sc luminosity function. We find that it has a simple structure: a single exponential disk, with a scale height hZ = 246 ± 2 pc, a scale length hR = 1.84 ± 0.02 kpc, and a disk cutoff at a radius Rmax = 10.0 kpc (5.4 scale lengths). We confirm a strong cutoff in the stellar disk at Rmax, which happens over only 1 kpc. We do not see any statistically significant evidence for disk flaring with radius. Unlike the more luminous Sc galaxies NGC 5907 and M 33, NGC 4244 does not show any evidence for a second component, such as a thick disk or halo, at μR < 27.5 mag arcsec-2.


BackgroundPigmented lesion clinics (PLCs) are a permanent structure for the rapid referral of subjects presenting suspicious pigmented skin lesions and they represent a prompt response to an individual's concern about melanoma. However, little is known about the actual melanoma detection activity of these clinics, in particular in intermediate risk populations. MethodsWe report a survey involving more than 1,000 subjects consecutively referred by family doctors to six italian PLCs. Diagnostic measures refer to histologic diagnosis of melanoma. ResultsOverall, the pooled melanoma detection rate at PLCs was 1.5% (one melanoma diagnosed every 64 subjects examined), and the ratio between the number of melanomas and benign lesions excised for diagnostic verification was 1: 5.8 (16/93). Almost all melanomas (15 out of 16) were detected in subjects who requested referral for a specific doubtful lesion (group A) or for presence of melanoma risk factors (previous melanoma, large number of common and atypical nevi, family history) (group B). Only 1 melanoma was detected in 418 subjects seeking consultation for concern about their moles (group C) (P=0.004). The positive and negative predictive values of the causes of referral A+B combined were 2.5%, and 99.7%, respectively. ConclusionsSince the very low probability of detecting a melanoma in subjects referred only for reassurance about their moles, which nevertheless represented 43% of the subjects examined, the optimized role of PLCs in melanoma prevention strategy would be reached by limiting consultation to subjects who present for examination of a specific lesion or who present one or more risk factors for melanoma.


In 1979 a new and different solar home was built in Northfield, Minnesota. It needs less than one-fifth of the energy needed to heat currently built homes. The house is very traditional in style, but it is not traditional in the energy it consumes. The house is one of the super-insulated houses. The paper describes how life-cycle cost effective techniques are used to save energy and building costs. Attention is placed on building a totally integrated energy efficient structure ranging from R-30 walls, to R-60 attic, to the air-to-air heat exchanger. Additional building costs and major heat loads will be compared with those of a similar conventionally built structure. In all, the added cost is less than $1/ft/sup 2/ with a payback in less than two years.


Recognition has traditionally been regarded as a more sensitive measure of retention than recall.1 Recent experiments have suggested, however, that when the number of alternatives on the recognitionand recall-tests2 and the similarity between correct and incorrect alternatives on the recognitiontest are equated,3 the apparently greater sensitivity of recognition is reduced, if not eliminated. Furthermore, the temporal sequence of recognition and recall appears to modify the effect that these two methods of measuring retention have upon each other. Recognition has been found to be poorer after recall than before recall, while on the other hand, recall is better after recognition than before.4 This difference was attributed by the authors to the dropping out of weak associations during an initial recall test, thus lowering subsequent recognition performance, and to the rehearsal function of the recognition test which serves as a final learning trial for later recall.5 Tests of recognition in all of the studies cited above have been of the discriminative variety, with the Ss required to select the correct from among incorrect alternatives. Discrimination of the correct response from a display of alternatives would generally be expected a somewhat easier task than 'absolute' recall which requires total reconstruction of the item. Furthermore, the Ss would seem to benefit more from partial learning6 on this test of recognition than on recall. On the other hand, a binary 'yes-no' test with


The genus Myrcidris and its only described species, M. epicharis are registered for the first time from Colombia. The possible distribution throughout the Amazon watershed of the genus Myrcidris and its obligate relation with ant- plant Myrcia are discussed.


The dynamic structure factor of polyisobutylene chains in a melt is calculated using a semiflexible chain model. It is demonstrated that recently reported deviations between the theoretical calculations and experimental data are due to the use of an inappropriate model parameter.