This letter addresses the uncertainty quantification of a power network and is based on surrogate models built via Machine Learning techniques. Specifically, the least-square support vector machine regression is combined with the principal component analysis to generate a compressed surrogate model capable of predicting all the nodal voltages of the network as a function of the uncertain electrical parameters of the transmission lines. The surrogate model is built from a limited number of system responses provided by the computational model. The power flow analysis of the benchmark IEEE-118 bus system with 250 parameters is considered as a test case. The performance of the proposed modeling strategy in terms of accuracy, efficiency and convergence, are assessed and compared with those of an alternative surrogate model based on a sparse implementation of the polynomial chaos expansion. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation are used as reference in the above comparison.


Forerunner UAV refers to an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a downward-looking camera flying in front of the advancing emergency ground vehicles (EGV) to notify the driver about the hidden dangers (e.g., other vehicles). A feasibility demonstration in an urban environment having a multicopter as the forerunner UAV and two cars as the emergency and dangerous ground vehicles was done in ZalaZONE Proving Ground, Hungary. After the description of system hardware and software components, test scenarios, object detection and tracking, the main contribution of the paper is the development and evaluation of encounter risk decision methods. First, the basic collision risk evaluation applied in the demonstration is summarized, then the detailed development of an improved method is presented. It starts with the comparison of different velocity and acceleration estimation methods. Then, vehicle motion prediction is conducted, considering estimated data and its uncertainty. The prediction time horizon is determined based on actual EGV speed and so braking time. If the predicted trajectories intersect, then the EGV driver is notified about the danger. Some special relations between EGV and the other vehicle are also handled. Tuning and comparison of basic and improved methods is done based on real data from the demonstration. The improved method can notify the driver longer, identify special relations between the vehicles and it is adaptive considering actual EGV speed and EGV braking characteristics; therefore, it is selected for future application.


• The United States Supreme Court ruled that state laws criminalizing homosexual sex between consenting adults (the so-called "sodomy laws") were unconstitutional. Adults who engage in homosexual relations are no longer outlaws. • Because they claim that legal recognition of same-sex relationships will destroy the American family, a group of conservative religious and political leaders have started a movement for an amendment to the U.S. constitution to prohibit marriage and any of the legal components of marriage for same-sex couples. If such a constitutional amendment were passed, same-sex couples would have no legal recourse in the courts or elsewhere to obtain marriage or any other couple rights except through another amendment to the constitution. • The State of California, which in an earlier ballot initiative banned the recognition of same-sex marriages, enacted domestic partners legislation conferring on same-sex couples most of the major privileges and obligations of heterosexual marriage. • Canada enacted laws permitting same-sex marriage. • Taiwan became the first country in Asia to formally consider laws allowing marriage and child adoption by same-sex couples.


A fractured carbonate reservoir within the Upper Permian in the North-western part of the Southern Gas basin is imaged using a marine VSP. The specific objective is to determine details of likely fracturing within a 76m thick target layer at a subsea depth of 1106m. This layer is characterized by high seismic velocities, being encased in Zechstein evaporite sections with lower seismic velocities. The high seismic constrast generates a strong converted shear-wave from the incident compressional wave at moderate angles of incidence. The polarization properties of the resultant shear-waves are governed by the fracture-induced anisotropy of the Plattendolomit. Interference of the shear-wave with the direct compressional arrival creates a distinctive motion in the horizontal plane. This signature depends upon the density and orientation of the fractures within the Plattendolomit. Waveform modelling to match this behaviour indicates a high fracture intensity of about 50%, consistent with expected fracture intensity for this lithology. This technique may be of value for other future analyses of fractured reservoirs, as it is local and independent of the overburden.


The invention relates to a method for producing a to be fastened to an implant dental prosthetic item from a 3D model of the dental prosthesis (1) having a surface (2) and a continuous screw channel (3) for a fixing screw with a cylinder jacket shaped top mold (4), a first and second ends (5, 6), wherein a cross sectional area (7) of the screw channel (3) to the second end (6) of the screw channel (3) is out consistently and / or increasingly designed and a 3D model of an inlay (9 ) having an outer surface (10), a top (11) and a bottom (12) is produced, wherein as the upper side (11) (through the second end 6) of the shape (8) of the screw channel (3) cut-out portion of the surface (2) the 3D model of the tooth replacement part (1) is used and the lateral surface (10) of the screw channel (3) is formed as a negative form of an adjoining to the second end (6) portion of the end form (8).


Standard independent component analysis is unable to separate statistically correlated machine vibration sources because the assumption of statistical independence is no more satisfied.Assuming some sub-components of correlated machine vibration sources are independent,a novel blind source separation method for correlated vibration sources seperation based on wavelet packet decompostion was proposed.In the method,subband observed signals were obtained by decomposing orignal observed signals with wavelet packet transform,the new observed signals were reconstructed by some subband observed signals with less correlation according to the mutual information creterion,the separation matrix was estimated through the reconstructed observed signals by using independent component analysis;then,the correlated machine vibration sources were separated in agreement with the estimated separation matrix.Simulations testify the validity of the proposed method.


Conservative management of chronic renal insufficiency has four aims: detecting reversible and treatable factors responsible for the condition; obtaining maximal benefit from nutritional and metabolic therapies; minimizing and, if possible, preventing extrarenal and iatrogenic complications ; and optimizing the transition to renal replacement therapy (dialysis or transplantation). In recent years, this form of therapy has been focused on dietary modifications that serve to preserve native renal function and the treatment of the anemia and growth failure associated with chronic renal insufficiency. Additionally, a clearer insight into the areas of brain maturation, neurodevelopmental outcome and cognitive function of children with chronic renal insufficiency has been achieved. This review will provide the practicing physician with a general overview of chronic renal insufficiency and address the aforementioned recent advances.


An automatic control device for down-hole flow of a water injection well comprises a computer, a ground circuit, a down-hole circuit, a motor and a water injection regulating valve. The ground circuit is connected with the computer and is disposed at the mouth of the water injection well. The instruction of computer is sent to the down-hole circuit via wireless transmission. The down-hole circuit is installed in a short section of a down-hole instrument to receive the instruction of ground computer in the way of wireless transmission. The motor controls the water injection regulating valve to automatically regulate the down-hole flow.


In this paper, we propose a method for generating clones of a target writer's handwritten character images (called handwritten character clones or HCCs) using an incomplete seed character set, which consists of at most one or no example of his/her actual handwriting per character. In HCC generation, not a single HCC but its distribution should be created for each character because humans' actual handwriting images differ from each other even if the same writer writes the same character. However, it is difficult to achieve this from the incomplete seed character set. To solve the problem, in the proposed method, we first create a number of HCC distributions for each character by clustering a set of handwritten character images offered by other writers. Next, for each character contained in the seed character set, we choose the distribution best fit to its example. Finally, for the other characters, we estimate the best distribution for them employing collaborative filtering. We conducted pilot experiments focusing on Japanese character images, in which the proposed method successfully generated various HCCs with a certain level of quality for each character.


Objective:To analyze the prevalence and risk factor of co-exiting pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes condition in middle to elder adults,and to provide the theoretical basis for preventing cardiovascular disease in relevant population in Chengdu area.Methods:A total of 5240 middle to elder adults from(40-79) years of age in Chengdu area were enrolled for a stratified cluster sampling study.The blood pressure,glucose and other clinical information were collected by more than 30 medical professionals with unified training to investigate the prevalence of co-exiting pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes condition with the risk factors.Results:The overall prevalence rate of coexisting pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes condition was at 12.5%in Chengdu area and the standardized prevalence was at 11.5%.The prevalence rate in urban area was 12.4%and in rural was 13.2%,P=0.47,the prevalence in male gender was 12.7%and in female was 12.4%,P=0.81.With the increased age,the prevalence trend was elevated accordingly.Multi-regression analysis indicated that the elder age,overweight or obesity(female with abdominal obesity),sibling history of hypertension,hyper-triglyceridemia,multiple childbirth and menopause had the higher risk of coexisting pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes condition,all P0.05;the higher educational level could decrease the risk of prevalence in male gender,P0.05 and the proper exercise could decrease the risk in female gender,P0.05.Conclusion:There is a high prevalence rate of coexisting pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes condition in middle to elder population in Chengdu area and the prevalence is closely related to age.It is important to prevent such condition by elevating educational level nationwide,controlling waist and body weight,adjusting diet structure with proper exercise.


Globalization facilitates China's emergence and places Taiwan economy under China's influence. Empirical data confirm that Taiwan's structural weakness compromises its autonomy. Sino-US economic interdependence confines the US from adopting any strategy to protect Taiwan's autonomy. China is the largest recipient of Taiwanese investment. Flow-on effects determine China's indispensability to Taiwan. Yet, in fear of losing its autonomy to China, Taiwan tries to control the cross-Strait economic exchanges but fails. As Taiwan seeks for independence but China insists on unification, the ideological fight between the two sides is a zerosum game. The US involvement maintains the cross-Strait status quo, but China's rise will disrupt the balance. Without political concessions, Taiwan will always live under the Chinese threat. Yet, if the US adopts a Trojan-Horse Strategy, Taiwan will have a chance to oversee China's development.


Ciocca and Darwin [V. Ciocca and C.J. Darwin, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105, 2421–2430 (1999)] reported a surprising finding: The shift in residue pitch caused by mistuning a harmonic was the same when the mistuned harmonic was presented after the remainder of the complex as when it was simultaneous. The present study tried to replicate this result, and investigated the role of the presence of the nominally mistuned harmonic in the matching sound. Subjects adjusted a matching sound so that its pitch equaled that of a subsequent 90‐ms complex tone (12 harmonics of a 155‐Hz F0), whose mistuned (±3%) 3rd harmonic was presented either simultaneously with or after the remainder. In experiment 1, the matching sound was a harmonic complex whose 3rd harmonic was either present or absent. In experiment 2, it was a sinusoid. In experiment 3, the target and matching sound contained non‐overlapping harmonics. In all experiments, a non‐simultaneous mistuned component produced significantly smaller pitch shifts than a simult...


The paper is concerned with the inverse problem of the minimal Steiner network problem in a normed linear space. Namely, given a normed space in which all minimal networks are known for any finite point set, the problem is to describe all the norms on this space for which the minimal networks are the same as for the original norm. We survey the available results and prove that in the plane a rotund differentiable norm determines a distinctive set of minimal Steiner networks. In a two-dimensional space with rotund differentiable norm the coordinates of interior vertices of a nondegenerate minimal parametric network are shown to vary continuously under small deformations of the boundary set, and the turn direction of the network is determined. Bibliography: 15 titles.


Objective
To summarize the experience from patients with permanent colostomy who underwent colostomy therapists continuous nursing intervention.

Methods
Colostomy therapist who had received the qualification certificate of the World Colostomy Therapists Association will provide full-time service. The continuous nursing interventions included preoperative education, colostomy location, volunteers participation, preoperative psychological guidance, postoperative incision observation and evaluation, psychological nursing, guidance postoperative patients to master colostomy nursing knowledge, guidance and assistance to choose pockets, propaganda and education, hospital discharge guidance, prevention and treatment of colostomy complications, organization regular colostomy sodality, telephone follow-up and consultation the nursing intervention measures.

Results
Colostomy therapists continuous nursing intervention effectively prevented and treated colostomy complications, improved the colostomy patient's quality of life.

Conclusions
Colostomy therapist continuous nursing intervention provided specialization and continuity of care services for patients after colostomy, is worthy of popularization and application.

Key words:
Colostomy; Quality of life; Nursing services


The experiments on cats have demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygenation (303.9 kPa, 60 min) in acute blood loss (24.0 +/- 0.8 ml/kg) has an essential effect on glycerophosphate shuttle mechanism: it stimulates mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the sensorimotor cortex and medulla oblongata, providing glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenation, activates cytoplasm hydrogen delivery to mitochondrial respiratory chain, prevents glycerol-3-phosphate and NADH level increase and cytoplasm glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, limiting lactate production.


The phosphate-promoted TiO_2 solid acid catalyst was prepared from TiCl_4 and H_3PO_4 by precipitation,aging,filtering,washing,drying,impregnation and calcination processes.The acidic property of catalyst was determined by Hammett indicator and n-butylamide-titration as well as pyridine-adsorption FT-IR spectrometer.The characterization of the catalyst was performed using XRD,FT-IR,TG-DTA,N_2-adsorption methods.The effect of mass fraction of phosphate and calcination temperature on the acidic property,textural property and catalytic perfomance of phosphate-promoted TiO_2 solid acid catalysts was studied.TG-DTA curves and XRD patterns show that phosphate stabilizes the anatase phase and prevents grains from growing.FT-IR spectra shows that phosphate species strongly bind with the TiO_2 surface bidentately.N_2 adsorption and n-butylamide-titration show that surface area and porous volume as well as total acidity increase with the increase of mass fraction of phosphate when it is less [KG*3]than 7.5% and thereafter decrease.Hammett indicator and pyridine-adsorption FT-IR spectra show that solid superacid is formed at 425~575 ℃ and there are Lewis and Bronsted acidic centers on surface.The phosphate-promoted TiO_2 solid acid catalyst has good catalytic perfomance in the ketalization of ethyl acetoacetate and 1,2-ethandiol.


Re-vegetation is urgently needed to increase the carbon sink for moderating atmospheric CO2 by forest ecosystem, especially northeastern part of Asia with large population. We partly plant fast-growing species, such as birch (Betula spp.), larch (Larix spp.) and poplar (Populus spp.) in northeastern China. Especially, birch species are used for sap production; larch and its hybrid (F1) are promising species for timber production and increasing the carbon sink. For understanding these afforestation materials, we review the distribution of birch and larch species in China and northern Japan. They have deciduous leaf habit and typical light-demanding traits and are found in cool temperate climate regions. They can survive in infertile soil conditions and withstand drought even in the steeper slop. Both genera are considered as pioneer of secondary vegetation after disturbances. We mainly discuss on the growth habitat of birch and larch from the view point of taxonomy and their distribution, expecting to give some guidance for the potential plantation place of the two genera.


Optimal control problems for the variational inequality of static elastoplasticity with linear kinematic hardening are considered. The control-to-state map is shown to be weakly directionally differentiable, and local optimal controls are proved to verify an optimality system of B-stationary type. For a modified problem, local minimizers are shown to even satisfy an optimality system of strongly stationary type.


This research was the cross-sectional descriptive research; its objectives were to study the mental health level of person infected with / AIDS patients in Nonsaat Hospital , Nonsaat district Udon Thani province. The data was collected from person infected with / AIDS patient 66 persons by interviews directly; at the area infront of couseling roomon January to March 2008. Then, the data was analyzed by using the computer processing program. The statistics for this study included the frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The results and conclusion showed that the person infected with / AIDS patient, there were the mental health level lower than general person 62.1 percentages. When consider in lay the dimension, showed that 1th dimension person infected with / AIDS patients, there were the mental state lower than general person 74.2 percentages. The 2th dimension of person infected with / AIDS patients, there were the mental capacity lower than general person 66.7 percentages, and 3th dimension person infected with / AIDS patients , there were the mental quality be of good quality equals to general person and better than general person , the amount was 34.8 percentages and 36.4 percentages respectively. About 4 th dimensions person infected with / AIDS patients, there were the supporting factors to lower than general persons, the percentage was 47.0. The suggestion in research result go to use; was that support, encourage have promotion and prevention, mental health problem or reinforce of good mental health to this person group, follow to help seriously and continuously, for protect psychopathy physician occurrence that might happen come to follow.


Using a MEMS thermal workbench we have demonstrated that the use of series junctioned nanowires (SJN) provides a method for increasing the thermoelectric power of nanowire systems. We have observed up to a 100 times increase in ZT by use of Au SJN. A junction based thermoelectric power has been previously predicted however until now, such a large thermoelectric junction power has not been reported. Furthermore, the enhancement in the thermopower is observed around room temperature making this an extremely attractive method for achieving high-performance thermoelectrics from fairly simple materials at the nanoscale.


Diabetic neuropathy is among the most common disorders of the peripheral nerves, also among one of the least treatable. Screening and early diagnosis of neuropathy helps the patients with diabetes to actively have glycaemic control before the onset of complications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the usefulness of simple bed side methods like Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS) score, 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, vibration testing by 128 Hz tuning fork and ankle reflex testing in diagnosing neuropathy in diabetic patients in comparison with measuring vibration perception threshold (VPT) with a biothesiometer .The study was carried out at the medicine outpatient department of Punjab institute of medical sciences hospital and medical college Jalandhar. A total number of 106 T2DM patients aged above 30yr were taken. The study included information about socio-demographic characteristics and other parameters like height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, BP, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and physical activity. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 36.79 per cent with VPT. When compared with VPT, DNS score was most sensitive (53.6%) and specific (55.17%). The tuning fork, monofilament and ankle reflex tests had lower sensitivity (51.14%, 48% and47.18%). There was significant correlation between the VPT score and the DNS score (r = 0.84, P<0.01), tuning fork testing (r= 0.94; P< 0.01), monofilament testing (r= 0.9; P < 0.01) and ankle reflex (r = 0.76, P< 0.01). Therefore it can be


The mouth is a favorable habitat for a great variety of bacteria due to presence of nutrients, epithelial debris and secretions. Dental plaque is a soft deposit that accumulates on the teeth. The buildup of dental plaque on teeth is a normal physiologic process, occurring in both healthy mouths with cavities or gum disease. A study was carried out to isolate microorganisms from patients with dental problems. 40 samples were collected from Savitha dental clinic, Hyderabad, indicated the presence of both bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticle was checked against all these organisms responsible for plaque formation and among these 40 dental isolates titanium dioxide nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity against 18 isolates and comparatively high zone of inhibition against isolates like D2, D5, D14, D19, D23. The antimicrobial activity of Isopropanol as control, Titanium dioxide, and Titanium dioxide nanoparticle was comparatively analyzed and results shows that TiO 2 nanoparticles showed highest activity and the Minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 15 mg /ml.


Introducing analytical method of ARIMA model in overseas tourism source.According to the number of overseas tourist from 1989 to 2006 of Hebei province build the ARIMA(0,2,1) prediction model,and forecast the number of overseas visitors from 2007 to 2009.The relative error was only 2.8% to compare predictive data to the actual number of overseas tourist data in 2007,and the application of the model was proved a viable and effective in short-term prediction of overseas tourism data.


Herein, the first systematic frozen solution electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) study of high-spin Co(II) complexes are reported to demonstrate the efficacy of methyl substitutions as a means of separating dipolar and contact coupling, and further, to increase the utility of high-spin Co(II) as a spectroscopic probe for the ubiquitous, but spectroscopically-silent Zn(II)-metalloenzymes. High-spin (h.s.) Co(II) has been subject of paramagnetic resonance studies for over 50 years and has been used as a spectroscopic probe for Zn metalloenzymes for over 35 years. However, as will be seen, the inherent complexity of the electronic properties of the cobaltous ion remains to be exploited to offer a wealth of information on Zn(II) enzymatic environments. Specifically, ENDOR measurements on bis(trispyrazolyl-1-borate)cobalt(II) confirm the utility of the novel method of methyl substitution to differentiate dipolar and Fermi contact couplings. An extensive set of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) simulations were performed. Software was developed to implement an in-house ENDOR control interface. Finally, relaxation measurements were made in the 12-42 MHz range which are explained by the sizable g-value anisotropy of the complex and point to the inadequacy of isotropic equations of Solomon for these molecules. Taken as a whole, these studies demonstrate the rich complexity of the electronic structure of high-spin cobalt(II) and when sufficiently well-characterized, the great utility it has as a surrogate of biological Zn(II). Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Bistrispyrazolylborate Cobalt(II) and Related Derivatives


Size and performance characteristic limits are discussed for government and commercial spacecraft classes. Potential future sources of space power are described. These technologies are not intended to be all-inclusive; however, electrodynamic tethers, nuclear fission reactors, nuclear fusion, and antimatter provide a good range of the various stages of research and development encountered as technologies are matured for space flight. Historical and present-day spacecraft power levels show an ever-increasing rise in the maximum available power, although the use of these high power levels is limited to a small few commercial communications spacecraft. Peak power levels today, excluding the International Space Station, are 18--20 kW, although this is expected to rise to the 25--30 kW range in the near future. Early high-power spacecraft relied on nuclear fission reactors for critical military missions, primarily for the Soviet government. These were retired after the 1980s due to improved photovoltaic power-generation technology. At present the power levels used for earth-orbiting spacecraft are spread across the 0--20 kW range, with the distribution dominated by the constellations programs. Interplanetary space continues to be restricted to low power levels afforded by Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators, until research can mature technologies such as nuclear to provide high-power capability far from the sun.

Keywords:

space power;
spacecraft;
space nuclear power;
photovoltaic power;
space solar arrays;
spacecraft constellations;
electrodynamic tethers;
nuclear fission reactors;
nuclear fusion;
antimatter


The article describes the method of forming the cadre of governmental authorities employing modern cadre technologies and the best foreign and domestic experience for higher education and additional vocational education of public servants.


Accurate RF characterization and small-signal parameter extraction for 28nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) MOSFETs is presented in this paper. At first, to deembed the on-chip external elements of the device test structure associated with the RF pads and access interconnect lines, a hybrid cascade de-embedding method was applied. Then, the complete extrinsic and intrinsic small-signal parameters of the device were extracted at multi bias points based on the direct parameter extraction approach. To verify the model validity, the Sparameters of FDSOI NMOS devices with a 28nm gate-length were measured and characterized by comparing the measured and modeled data. It is found that the proposed de-embedding and small-signal model provide a good agreement in the characterization of the FDSOI MOSFETs up to 110GHz.


A criterion is developed for the simulation of realistic artificial ground motion histories at soft‐soil sites, corresponding to a detailed ground motion record at a reference firm‐ground site. A complex transfer function is defined as the Fourier transform of the ground acceleration time history at the soft‐soil site divided by the Fourier transform of the acceleration record at the firm‐ground site. Working with both the real and the imaginary components of the transfer function, and not only with its modulus, serves to keep the statistical information about the wave phases (and, therefore, about the time variation of amplitudes and frequencies) in the algorithm used to generate the artificial records. Samples of these transfer functions, associated with a given pair of soft‐soil and firm‐ground sites, are empirically determined from the corresponding pairs of simultaneous records. Each function included in a sample is represented as the superposition of the transfer functions of the responses of a number of oscillators. This formulation is intended to account for the contributions of trains of waves following different patterns in the vicinity of both sites. The properties of the oscillators play the role of parameters of the transfer functions. They vary from one seismic event to another. Part of the variation is systematic, and can be explained in terms of the influence of ground motion intensity on the effective values of stiffness and damping of the artificial oscillators. Another part has random nature; it reflects the random characteristics of the wave propagation patterns associated with the different events. The semi‐empirical model proposed recognizes both types of variation. The influence of intensity is estimated by means of a conventional one‐dimensional shear wave propagation model. This model is used to derive an intensity‐dependent modification of the values of the empirically determined model parameters in those cases when the firm‐ground earthquake intensity used to determine these parameters differs from that corresponding to the seismic event for which the simulated records are to be obtained. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


BACKGROUND
A randomized phase III trial in high-risk breast cancer patients was conducted, to further explore the impact of dose-density in the adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. The safety analysis is presented.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
From October 2000 until June 2005, 1121 node-positive patients were randomized to sequential dose-dense epirubicin 110 mg/m(2) and paclitaxel (Taxol, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA) 250 mg/m(2) (group A), or concurrent epirubicin 83 mg/m(2) and paclitaxel 187 mg/m(2) (group B), both followed by three cycles of 'intensified' combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given prophylactically with the dose-dense treatments.

RESULTS
Median dose intensity of epirubicin and paclitaxel was double in group A, as designed, with significantly less cycles administered at full dose (P < 0.001). Median cumulative dose of all drugs and total treatment duration, however, were identical between groups. Severe taxane-related toxic effects were more frequent in group A, while severe thrombocytopenia was low and present only in group A. There were no differences in the rates of other hematological toxic effects, including febrile neutropenia. The rates of secondary malignancies were low.

CONCLUSION
Both regimens as used in the present study are well tolerated and safe. The rates of severe taxane-related toxic effects and thrombocytopenia, although low overall, are significantly increased with the dose-dense sequential regimen.


The author discusses a new study that found a common mutation in the connection domain of reverse transcriptase, a mutation that confers resistance to two antiretroviral drug classes.


The main objective of this paper is to present the mathematical framework of the Ultra Wideband (UWB) antennas considering the directional gain, polarization, frequency dependence and matching. The detailed simulation procedures for obtaining the transmitting Antenna Impulse Responses (AIRs) either in frequency domain or in time domain using Electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool would be illustrated. The theory of reciprocity would be applied successfully for computing the receiving AIRs. Furthermore, the real-world measurements will provide a comprehensive verification of this UWB AIRs modeling technique.


DWBA calculations for the reaction /sup 208/Pb( alpha , alpha 'n) are performed, under the assumption that the incident alpha particle picks up a neutron from the target nucleus, forming an unstable intermediate /sup 5/He system in the sharp p /sub 3/2/ resonant state. Encouraging agreement with experiments at 42 MeV and 65 MeV is found. Large cross sections are obtained, in contrast to results for the alternative knockout mechanism. The intermediate p- state causes a distinctive angular correlation pattern, initially found for plane waves, which tends to survive in DWBA. (6 figures, 1 table) (auth)


Smart City plays a vital role in social development. Real time scheduling of different tangible and intangible resource in distributed environment in smart is challenging problem. The different disaster management tasks smart city applications such as floods, earthquake, pandemic, fire, disaster relief, and control of hazardous area, major accidents, control of terrorism and other attacks require real time emergency resources scheduling. The existing techniques uses for smart city resource management are suffering from low resource utilization and high response time, migration and preemption overhead. This work paper presents cluster based real time resource scheduling framework for emergency situation in smart city. The edge computing resources are group into cluster. The proposed framework increases resources utilization and reduces response time, migration, preemption overheads. The emergency tasks are scheduled to these computing cluster are allow to migrate within the cluster to ensure to reduce migration, switching overhead, response time and increase resource utilization and success rate.


We derive the form of the metric for static, nonsingular black holes with a de Sitter core, representing a deformation of the Schwarzschild solution, by assuming that the gravitational sources describe a flow between two conformal points, at small and great distances. The resulting black-hole metric turns out to be a particular case of the Fan & Wang metric, whose parameters have been recently constrained by using the data of the S2 star orbits around the galactic center SgrA ∗ .


The objectives of this research were to study the development of a curriculum for enhancing grade 9 students' cognitive skills using a curriculum based on Systems Thinking Process. There were 3 phases: 1) studying of the problem; 2) development of tentative curriculum; and 3) implementation of the curriculum in a pilot study. The samples were 32 students studying in Ban Phon Kroke School. The statistics used for data analysis included Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Content Analysis and F-test.  The research findings showed that the students were competent in using the Systems Thinking Process.  Particularly, every student was able to determine the problem, specify variables relating to the problem, write a chart indicating behavioral pattern relating to the problem as well as causal cycle chart, present the thinking process outcomes, evaluate thinking process, and reflect the correct ways of thinking. The comparative findings of competency in using the Systems Thinking Process showed that the students had a higher posttest competency than the pretest at .01 level of significance. Additionally, the students said that the curriculum was highly appropriate.  A longer period of follow up in the curriculum usage should be performed to see whether the students retain this competency and whether their behavior stil expresses this competency in Systems Thinking Process.

 Key words:  Curriculum development, knowledge management, systems thinking process


The Department of Energy (DOE) has for some time been considering the Decontamination and Dismantlement (D&D) of facilities which are no longer in use, but which are highly contaminated with radioactive wastes. One of the holdups in performing the D&D task is the accumulation of accurate facility characterizations that can enable a safe and orderly cleanup process. According to the Technical Strategic Plan for the Decontamination and Decommissioning Integrated Demonstration, {open_quotes}the cost of characterization using current baseline technologies for approximately 100 acres of gaseous diffusion plant at Oak Ridge alone is, for the most part incalculable{close_quotes}. Automated, robotic techniques will be necessary for initial characterization and continued surveillance of these types of sites. Robotic systems are being designed and constructed to accomplish these tasks. This paper describes requirements and design concepts for a system to accurately map a facility contaminated with hazardous wastes. Some of the technologies involved in the Facility Mapping System are: remote characterization with teleoperated, sensor-based systems, fusion of data sets from multiple characterization systems, and object recognition from 3D data models. This Facility Mapping System is being assembled by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the DOE Office of Technology Development Robotics Technology Development Program.


Parallel computing is an efficient approach to speed up and enhance the solving ability of finite element simulation of automobile crash. In this paper, domain decomposition for parallel computing is introduced simply, and the algorithm flowchart including contact is drawn, and the parallel computing process and primary overhead are analyzed. Furthermore, effect of two hardware platforms and the number of processors on computing efficiency are studied. At last, effect of different domain decomposition strategy on automobile crash computing efficiency is presented. To end users, research result is a guidance to choose appropriate hardware platform and computing software.


This article begins with a discussion of the parliamentary-Puritan opposition to theatre during the Civil Wars and after the regicide. It then turns to the restoration of the monarchy in 1653, and the efforts of Richard Flecknoe and William Davenant initiate a theatrical revival. They petitioned the Council of State and offered arguments to counter entrenched anti-theatricality. For instance, in A Proposition for the Advancement of Morality by a New Way of Entertainment of the People, presented to the Council of State in 1653, Davenant argued for the moral and socially educative advantages for the lower classes of a reformed stage, charged with 'instructive morality'.


shifts. Furthermore, it may well be that the use of sociological arguments against divorce by religious power blocs and alliances is not so much contradictory as an aspect of a post-modem Ireland in which all sorts of discourses are blended together. Again, in terms of the alliances identified in the text as key players in the campaign, there was insufficient mention of the role of political parties and, in particular, Fianna Fail. Finally, although it was beyond the defined scope of the study, there is little mention of the voters in Dillon's account. How did they decipher the debate, how did they discuss among themselves, and what were the issues which finally persuaded them to vote against divorce? This book is extremely well written. It makes compulsive reading, especially for anyone interested in the changing nature of Irish society and culture. It provides some key sociological insights into the debate within the Irish public sphere and the nature of the discursive struggle between power blocs and alliances wishing to influence Irish values. Most of all, perhaps, given that the Divorce Handicap Stakes is to be run again soon, it is an extremely good guide to the runners and riders, the fences which will have to be negotiated and the ditches at which some of the previous runners fell. TOM INGLIS University College, Dublin


It is emphasized that a rare decay $K^+ \rightarrow \pi^+ \nu \bar{\nu}$ becomes promising in a future search for a new particle, because the theoretical treatment is well established and the value of the branching ratio $Br(K^+ \rightarrow \pi^+ \nu \bar{\nu})$ is sensitive to a search for a new particle with a TeV scale mass. As an example, according to a U(3) family gauge boson model which predicts the lowest family gauge boson with a few TeV mass $M_{11}$, the branching ratio $Br(K^+ \rightarrow \pi^+ \nu \bar{\nu})$ is discussed. If we can obtain, in future, a slightly lower value $Br^{obs} \sim 0.9 \times 10^{-10}$ compared with the present observed value $Br^{obs}=(1.7\pm 1.1)\times 10^{-10}$, we can conclude $M_{11} \sim$ a few TeV.


: A biological study using Nandanam Turkey poults (Meleagris gallapavo) for eight weeks duration was carried out to evaluate the effect of four herbal seeds as phytobiotics on haematological and serum biochemical parameters in turkey poults. One hundread and fifty poults were randomly subjected to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with basal diet (T1), 0.5% (5g/kg) level of each seeds thyme (T2), fenugreek (T3), fennel (T4) and cumin (T5) in cages. Haemoglobin (Hb) content and serum biochemical parameters such as serum total proteins, calcium, cholesterol and triglyceride were estimated using a Biosystem autoanalizer. Haemoglobin content in overall at eighth week of age revealed significant (P<0.05) difference between treatments while highly significant (P<0.01) difference was found in total proteins with increased level recorded in fenugreek and lower level in cumin supplemented groups at eighth week of age. No significant difference in serum calcium was noticed at eighth week of age. But the overall serum cholesterol values were highly significant (P<0.01) with highest values recorded in fennel and lowest in cumin supplemented groups. Whereas highly significant (P<0.01) difference was observed in overall at eighth week of age with high levels noticed in control group then followed by cumin supplemented group compared to all other treatments.


Background Ethical dilemmas are an important part of daily routine in family practice. One of the options for better quality in family practice is also an effective postgraduate education in the
field of bioethics. We wanted to determine the influence of the specialization process on
the susceptibility of family physicians to ethical dilemmas and their solving difficulty. We
hypothesized that specialists in family medicine would detect the ethical dilemmas more
often and that they would report of less problems in their managing.
Methods The cross-sectional study included a random sample of 259 Slovenian family medicine
physicians (30 % of the whole population of family physicians). Participants were given
a self-administered questionnaire on perceived ethical dilemmas in family practice with
responses on a 5-point scale and a maximum score of 100.
Results In the final analysis 142 Slovenian family medicine physicians (55 % response rate) were
included. Specialists in family medicine and residents of family medicine reported ethical
dilemmas more often than their colleagues without specialization (37.0 ± 12.6 vs. 30.7 ±
10.8; P = 0.05). Similarly, the residents of family medicine reported ethical dilemmas more
often than their colleagues without specialization (39.5 ± 12.5 vs. 30.7 ± 10.8, P = 0.04).
Specialists in family medicine and residents of family medicine considered solving ethical
dilemmas to be more difficult than their colleagues without specialization (57.3 ± 11.6 vs.
47.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.001). The same differences exist also between the specialists in family
medicine and their colleagues without specialization (56.7 ± 11.7 vs. 47.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.003)
and between the residents of family medicine and their colleagues without specialization
(62.0 ± 10.0 vs. 47.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.001).
Conclusions Physicians that are working in family practices need effective postgraduate education in
the field of detection and management of ethical dilemmas. The questionnaire for perceived
ethical dilemmas proved to be a reliable instrument for evaluation of education's effectiveness.


In aphasia, comprehension of spoken non-canonical sentence types is often impaired. Also hearing impaired non-aphasic persons often show a canonicity effect. A combination of hearing loss and aphasia may aggravate comprehension problems. This study was the first to explore the potential relationship, using two German non-canonical sentence types. Results showed that while hearing loss did not have a detrimental effect on comprehension in aphasia, high-frequency hearing loss did seem to impair comprehension abilities in non-aphasic persons, probably through an impoverished perception of morphosyntactic features of case and/or agreement. Furthermore, slower speech facilitated comprehension of relative sentence structures in agrammatic PWA, indicating improved recognition and/or integration of those morphosyntactic features.


The article deals with the problem of improving bodies of public transport vehicles. The principal task is to develop design of a vehicle body that can operate for 12 to 15 years without any major overhaul. Several embodiments of combined vehicle body made of various materials are looked at in detail. Strength calculation results are given. Deformations, masses, costs and expected service lives for the options are compared. Conclusions are presented.


In the article, we prove that the double inequality λ √ L(a,b)I(a,b) < TQ(a,b) < μ √ L(a,b)I(a,b) holds for all a,b > 0 with a = b if and only if λ e/π and μ 1 , and give an affirmative answer to the conjecture proposed by Yang in [39], where L(a,b) = (b− a)/(logb− loga) , I(a,b) = (bb/aa)1/(b−a)/e and TQ(a,b) = 2 π ∫ π/2 0 a cos2 θ bsin 2 θ dθ are respectively the logarithmic, identric and Toader-Qi means of a and b . Mathematics subject classification (2010): 26E60, 33C10.


SUMMARY. In this work some thermodynamic information related to the transfer of ibuprofen (IBP) between aqueous systems and micellar systems, in some biorelevant media, is reported. For this purpose, the apparent solubility of IBP at different temperatures, in the modified and classical Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid (FaSSIF) biorelevant media, at different concentrations of sodium taurocholate and phosphatidylcholine, was studied. It is observed that temperature and surfactant concentration affected the apparent solubility of this drug in these media. The solubility results were used to determine the micelle partition coefficients (Km/w) in both media. For modified FaSSIF, Km/w values varied from 820 at 293.15 to 1471 at 313.15 K, whereas for classical FaSSIF, this property varied from 1147 to 1861, considering the same temperatures. The temperature dependence of solubility and micelle partition coefficient allowed the calculation of the respective thermodynamic quantities of transfer of IBP from the aqueous media to the micellar pseudo-phases. Gibbs energies were negative, but enthalpies and entropies were positive, indicating spontaneous transfer processes in both media, and driven by entropy. The results were interpreted in terms of solute-micellar interactions, especially hydrogen bonding and electrostatics interactions. Also, the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of surfactants in each medium were determined, obtaining values near to 8.0 and 4.0 mmol/L, for modified and classical FaSSIF, respectively.


Maladjusted behaviour is learned in the same way as adjusted behaviour. There is a need for intensive study of the ways in which a handicapped child may fail to release appropriate parental reactions, or may stimulate inappropriate parental reactions because faulty child/parent interactions are seen as the basis for the high incidence of behaviour disorder in handicapped children. Some of the mechanisms which contribute to faulty child/parent interactions in blind and autistic children are described.


Paul Burstein ("Is Congress Really for Sale?" Contexts, Summer 2003) is correct that the effects of campaign contributions and lobbying on Congress have to be understood in relation to public opinion and partisan politics. However, his conclusion that "campaign contributions and lobbying have little effect on policy" is profoundly misleading. Burstein neglects the best sociological research on this topic. Dollars and Votes by Dan Clawson, Alan Neustadtl, and Mark Weller (1998) draws on interviews with people who run corporate Political Action Committees (PACs). The authors reject the simplistic view that money is directly exchanged for votes, but they find that corporate PACs run in packs. When 200 of them each give $5,000 to a candidate, that is real money. Also, contributions give firms access to legislators which turns into special provisions in legislation, fine print that grants favors to particular firms or industries. And last but not least, contributions help assure that certain issues do not get on the Congressional agenda, for example raising corporate taxes, regulating antibiotics in animal feed, and legislating stricter oversight of the accounting industry (to avoid future scandals like the massive fraud perpetrated on shareholders and employees by the likes of Enron and Worldcom). In the real, rough-and-tumble world of partisan politics, Tom DeLay (R-Texas), the House majority leader, has been pressuring business PACs to provide funding exclusively to Republican candidates. Even if he is only partially successful, this could doom Democrats to permanent minority status. In the end, Burstein is wrong and public opinion is right. Our system of campaign finance is a scandal; we desperately need public funding of all federal elections.


The evaluation of learning is one of the most controversial educational issues in higher education. This conflict is exacerbated in the teaching of engineering by the difficulties of assessing open problems and projects, and by the diversity of students' profiles with different educational and working experiences. To address this problem, three experiences implementing evaluation strategies focused on the student were conducted at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Buenos Aires, at different levels of the electronic engineering career: initial cycle, upper cycle and postgraduate. This paper discusses these experiences, making first a general description of each case and then describing the details of each implemented evaluation strategy. The results are exposed separately and finally general conclusions concerning the advantages and difficulties of this type of evaluation in engineering courses are obtained.


Coastal Zone Management Act, as amended, provides for a continuing evaluation of a state's Coastal Zone Management Program. This paper reviews the history and evolution of Section 312 evaluations by the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management in the state of Washington with an emphasis on public participation, the evaluation process, and problems affecting the success of such evaluations.


With the rapid development of computer technology and the rapid promotion of smart grid construction, more and more intelligent terminals are used in smart grids as a key equipment terminal. There are many advantages when intelligent terminals are introduced, such as more convenient and accurate when collecting data. However, the introduction of intelligent terminals also brings certain security problems to the smart grid. Attackers can more easily invade the smart grid through intelligent terminals and destroy the power supply. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the security of intelligent terminals in power grids. Trusted Computing Technology is an information security solution that builds a secure and trusted computing environment. Based on the trusted computing technology, a new architecture of intelligent grid terminals is proposed in this paper. Combined with the actual needs of grid intelligent terminals, a new trusted startup model and integrity measurement model are constructed.


Abstract:This article examines the frontier economy shared by Kyŏngsang Province and Tsushima Island. Leaving aside private trade, the official trade comes under scrutiny through Chosŏn government data. The size of the Japan element within the Chosŏn economy is gauged in terms of the volumes recorded in connection with the official trade and the geographic source of the official trade across Kyŏngsang Province. One purpose is to quantify the Japan trade. Another purpose is to canvas the writings of Chosŏn intellectuals and commentators for indications of literate opinion on the Japanese economic connection. The scale of the economy that involved the Japanese reached to about 43% of the taxation receipts of Kyngsang Province, and literate commentators lamented this enormous involvement in the domestic economy as a 'burden" on the country. When the figures are disaggregated, the true "costs" are estimated at about 14% of annual provincial revenues. The author interprets these as transaction costs, because they were paid out without any expectation of return, unlike other transactions. The gap between 43% and 14% reveals a gap between the structures of trade and the mentality that interpreted those structures or, in other words, between what was exchanged and how those exchanges were seen by Chosŏn writers.


In this paper, we consider interference issues arising in HetNets where the small-cells are deployed in closely-spaced clusters. Such dense deployments pose an important challenge for scaling throughput proportional to the number of cells, since inter-cell interference becomes a key bottleneck for achieving high capacity. We examine key design issues around the use of coordinated beamforming (CBF) strategies for mitigating inter-small-cell interference in such clustered layouts. In particular, we show that system planning of the sounding reference signal (SRS), along with multi-user channel estimation approaches, are critical to realize the benefits of CBF. We also develop key notions of beneficiary sets and co-operative clusters for enabling such interference mitigation in cellular networks. Through extensive and detailed system simulations, we showcase the benefits of the proposed system designs for two use cases: (1) a dense urban Micro-cellular deployment, and (2) a clustered small-cell Stadium deployment. System parameter optimization of SRS power control and co-operative cluster size are also developed. Significant capacity gains are observed for both these deployments using the proposed system design in clustered small-cell topologies.


* Supported by NSF † 2005 Research Experience for Undergraduate Student at LEPP The HOM load for the injector of the Energy Recovery Linac at Cornell University is proposed to work at a temperature of 80 K. The anticipated absorbed power of the load is up to 200 W. Versions with inner diameter of 78 and 106 mm are under development. Two different kinds of ferrites and a lossy ceramic are chosen as RF absorbers for the load to cover a wide frequency range. Measurements of electromagnetic properties of absorbing materials have been performed in a range from 1 to 40 GHz. The engineering design of the load is ready and technological issues of brazing the absorbing tiles and cooling have been solved. Brazing quality is controlled by IR thermograms. First warm measurements of a prototype load are expected this summer.


New device configurations using a solidly mounted piezoelectric thin film resonator (SMR) are proposed. In addition to the piezoelectric layer for the excitation of vibration, an additional piezoelectric layer is added in the SMR. The additional piezoelectric layer functions as an electric coupler. The resonant frequency of the SMR can be electrically adjusted through the coupler. The filter configuration using the SMR with the coupler is proposed. Moreover, the possibility of fabricating a chip type SMR device is considered. Simulation results for the proposed devices are presented.


Pooled semen from several inbred special chicken strains was diluted with solutions containing glycerol or dimethylacetamide as a cryoprotectant. One-half milliliter samples in capped glass vials were frozen at 3 C/min to -35 C in a programmable freezer and stored in a nitrogen vapor tank. One vial of thawed semen was used to inseminate 4 hens by intravaginal, intrauterine, or intramagnal procedures. The intramagnal technique required minor surgery but always produced chicks in seven lines in contrast to the nonsurgical methods. Frozen semen of one strain stored for 29 weeks produced 12 to 14 chicks per vial when inseminated into 4 hens. This method, therefore, will reliably rescue gene pools from semen after long-term storage.


An experiment testbed aiming to demonstrate the principle of the magnetic driving (MD) spacecrafts was successfully constructed in 2008. Orthogonal Bi2223 coils provide magnetic fields to attract, repel and rotate two 50 kg vehicles in an air pressured platform. Technique details of the testbed in association with the coil design and fabrication are briefly introduced. More details focused on two conceptual designs, which support the use of MD in the future space missions. First, the acceleration between two vehicles, which is a main parameter to evaluate the efficiency of MD is calculated. An optimal coil radius is obtained for such structure that Bi2223 coils are cooled by a passive radiative cooler whose weight is approximately proportional to the coil radius. Second, an active-passive shielding system (APSS) is proposed to protect the onboard instruments which are sensitive to the magnetic field. The basic unit of the APSS is closed HTS coils, which can resist flux variation. The shielding ability of the APSS is discussed by using both theoretical and Finite Element Analysis.


The European Integrated Maritime Policy aims to improve the sustainable development of the maritime economy and better protect the marine environment. It is well understood, that cooperation among all entity participants crossing different sectors and borders should be facilitated. The cellular network communications, the radio frequency identification techniques and the high-level communication protocols are in fact all modern technologies complementary to each other. The article considers and makes comparison between traditional ways for GPS tracking and modern LoRa WAN devices, utilized in coastal waters. The utilization of such devices onboard of small leisure crafts or fishing vessels could be vital to support the operation of vessel traffic services. Cellular trackers have also the advantage to send distress alerts. Measurements of signal strength and quality have been presented to decide whether to utilize cellular network signal for emergency alerting and position reporting. So far, on the Bulgarian coast, the IoT gateway infrastructure might be insufficient but the growth rate is sufficiently high. The potential solution, presented in this article, could serve to improve the operational efficiency of marine traffic control. A R T I C L E I N F O : RECEIVED: 10 JULY 2020 REVISED: 09 SEP 2-20 ONLINE: 23 SEP 2020 K E Y W O R D S : LoRa WAN, GPS tracker, Vessel Traffic Services, VTS enhancement, coastal cellular coverage Creative Commons BY-NC 4.0 G. Dimitrov & A. Hristov, ISIJ 47, no. 3 (2020): 341-348


The objective of this bachelor thesis is to provide comprehensive information on metabolic disorders originating from avitaminosis of fat- and water soluble vitamins. Further it is fo-cus on detail on possible health risks.


An increasing awareness of the need to measure objectively the performance and quality of the service provided by hospitals has been shown in many publications. The present paper reports the results of a small study of the performance of a pathology department in a large general hospital in an Australian capital city.


Due to the low bunching efficiency of the present buncher system, a new buncher system has been designed, which consists of two bunchers working at H=l and H=3 modes corresponding to the SFC acceleration modes. They all use saw-tooth RF wave form, but with double-gaps drift tube electrodes and one gap grid electrodes, respectively. The special merit of the design is that we introduce the half-frequencY bunching mode, which means the use of the half of the cyclotron RF frequency. With this we can make Uie theoretically perfect longitudinal match between the injector SFC and the main cyclotron SSC, presently it is 50% for most cases. Detailed studies such as space charge effects, longitudinal dispersions through the yoke hole and the spiral inflector, and nonlinearities both of the RF wave form and of the stray electric field of electrodes are discussed.


Fabrication of confined structures, where light can be confined over nano or micro scale region is fantastic challenge for nano-science based technologies. Manufacture of such structures has become possible due to the opportunity delivered by nanotechnology, which opens the way to the study of new functional artificial materials and plasmonic structures, promising progress in miniaturization and which allow exploration of new aspects of light-matter interaction. The exploitation of their unique properties covers a range of applications possibilities and system performance that are not solely ICT oriented but also concern Lighting; Laser, Sensing, Energy, Environment, and Health. Here we will discuss about glass-derived novel nano and micrometer scale range structures such as microcavities, waveguides, microresonators, transparent glass-ceramics, and photonic crystals mainly fabricated by sol-gel and rf-sputtering techniques, evidencing the capital scientific and technological interest of this kind of structures, which require and allow common multidisciplinary research involving scientists coming from a large spectrum of disciplines. Attention will be focused on the structural and spectroscopic properties of such systems that, when activated by rare earth ions, represents the cornerstone in a wide number of technological applications such as integrated optical amplifiers, laser systems, and solar energy converters.


Drill less dentistry is painless, riskless, soundless and heatless and is very suitable for dental-related concerns where children are the most affected fraternity. Removing enamel from the teeth at the affected region by conventional drilling mechanism is challenging. The processed region is filled using amalgam or other sources for the occupation. The proceedings are a painful experience for the patients due to heat generation while drilling, which also induces vibrations and related noises. There are higher possibilities for tissue damage and disturbances in the unaffected regions. Air-abrasion-based drill-less dentistry handles such problems in a novel way and provides a comparatively pleasant treatment experience to patients.The enamel removal rate influences the drill-less dentistry as it empowers to predict the quantum of material that can be abraded while executing the process. The mathematical expression of the enamel removal rate has been estimated based on the basic laws of physics and assumptions.The current work exhibits mathematical modelling to predict the enamel removal. The expression also reveals that the velocity, density and mass flow rate of abrasive particles has a crucial role in deciding the rate of enamel removal from the tooth. The present mathematical expression provides beneficial inputs to the research fraternity in the dental field.The current mathematical expression has arrived through basic laws of physics and assumptions. The enamel removal rate is estimated using an analytical model, and the current mathematical expression can be improvised through fine-tuning fine. The present preliminary studies could be helpful in developing an accurate predictive model in future.The present research supports drill-less dentistry and provides a mathematical solution in terms of derived formulations in predicting the enamel removal rate, as enamel removal rate plays an essential role in drill-less dentistry.The mathematical expression facilitates the problem handling more practically and efficiently. The mathematical expression is helpful in studying and deciding the processing conditions such as stream velocity, particle density and mass flow rate on effective enamel removal rate from the tooth structure.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse numerous aspects affecting residential property price in Malaysia against macroeconomics issues such as gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rate, unemployment and wage.

Design/methodology/approach
The hedonic pricing model has been adopted as econometric model for this research to investigate the relationship between residential property price against macroeconomics indicator. The data for residential property price and macroeconomic variables were collected from 1991 to 2019. Multiple linear regression had been adopted to find the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Findings
The result shows that the GDP has a significant positive impact on residential property price, while exchange rate has no significant impact although it was positive. In addition, the unemployment rate has a significant impact on the residential property price and has a negative relationship. Similar to the wage that shows the negative relationship with residential property prices. Moreover, during the pandemic COVID-19 in Malaysia, this research shows a more transparent view of the relationship between residential property price and the macroeconomic issues of GDP, exchange rate, unemployment and wage.

Originality/value
The findings of this research found that macroeconomics issue cannot be eliminated due to Malaysia is a developing country, and there will always be an issue that will happen, but the issues can be reduced to maximise the advantages, e.g. during COVID-19, the solution to fight against COVID-19 were crucial and weaken the macroeconomics issues.


three-dimensional forest backscatter model, which takes full account of spatial position of trees in a forest stand is described. A forest stand was divided into cells according to arbitrary spatial resolution. The cells may include "crown," "trunk," and "gap" components, determined by the shape, size and position of the trees. The forest floor is represented by a layer of "ground" cells. A ray tracing method was used to calculate backscattering components of 1) direct crown backscatter, 2) direct backscattering from ground, 3) direct backscattering from trunk, 4) crown-ground scattering, and 5) trunk-ground scattering. Both the attenuation and time-delay of microwave signals within cells other than "gap" were also calculated from ray tracing. The backscattering Mueller matrices of these components within the same range intervals were incoherently added to yield the total backscattering of an image pixel. By assuming a zero-mean, multiplicative Gaussian noise for image speckle, the high-resolution images were aggregated to simulate a SAR image with a given spatial resolution and number of independent samples (looks). A well-characterized 150 m x 200 m forest stand in Maine, USA, was used to parameterize the model. The simulated radar backscatter coefficients were compared with actual JPL SAR data. The model gives reasonable prediction of backscattering coefficients averaged over the entire stand with agreement between model and data within 1.35 dB for all channels. The correlations between simulated images and SAR data (10 by 15 pixels) were positive and significant at the 0.001 level for all frequencies (P, L, and C bands) and polarizations (HH, HV, and VV).


Summary The author considers the mechanisms of corruption impact on institutional attractiveness of the countries of Southeast Asia. It is argued that investors not so much incur financial losses as suffer from indeterminacy and lack of awareness in the future of their business due to corruption. The paper also suggest an assessment of corruption levels in various SEA countries and characterizes practices of anti-corruption activities, especially successful in Singapore, where business and investment climate is considered to be one of the best in the world. Special attention is also paid to future prospects of Russian business in SEA.


A new plant fossil from the earliest Carboniferous of Anhui, China, is described. This species, known only from compression, consists of three orders of branching and dichotomous appendages. The first‐order axis represents the morphology of a stem or small trunk. Lateral organs are attached along the primary axis in three ranks. The appendages are arranged along the third‐order axis in three ranks and divided into sterile and fertile appendages. The sterile appendages are dichotomized two times with a pointed tip. The fertile appendages are made of paired erect sporangia on the supporting axial system with two dichotomies. A dense terminal branching system is attached at the end of first‐ and second‐order axes. Based on comparison with and differences from established taxa, this plant is named Coenosophyton tristichus gen. et sp. nov. The relationships with the known plant fossils of Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian are discussed.


AIM: To observe the clinical efficiency and safety of Xingnaojing injection in patients with viral encephalitis. METHODS: Ninety-two patients were divided into treatment group(50 patients) and control group(42 patients). Beside given routine treatment, all patients, in treatment group were given Xingnaojing injection 20 mL sodium chloride injection 100 mL iv drip, qd, for 15 d. RESULTS: After one course of treatment, there were significant differences in the curative rates (74 % vs 36 % P0.01) between the two groups. Comparison of effects obtained between them after the treatment by Ridit analysis was singnificantly different (P0.01). CONCLUSION: Xingnaojing injection is an effective and safety medicine as an adjuvant treatment for viral encephalitis.


On September 30th I attended a talk by Ian Hacking, the renowned philosopher of science. The topic, "The Tree of Knowledge," was irresistible for someone like myself whose main interest is in sociocultural evolution. I was rewarded with a dazzling display of erudition about (and beautiful pictures of) stylized trees drawn through history and across civilizations. Hacking generously credited the many experts he had consulted to amass this treasure. This was consistent with his preference for "collaborating disciplines" over interdisciplinarity...


Cheese whey was used to get soy hydrossoluble extract. In the step where the relation solid:liquid was 1:8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 100% were substituted of the liquid portion (water) by cheese whey. Was made sensorial analysis, through the multiple composition test and the chemical composition of the raw material and final products. To complement, the production cost analysis also was made, as well as the final price product with 100% of cheese whey. The results obtained showed the viability to produce soy hydrossoluble extract with 100% of cheese whey.


W efekcie analizy paleomagnetycznej stwierdzono, ze co najmniej w środkowym kambrze Gorny Śląsk znajdowal sie w obrebie wysokich (okolo 60 ° ) paleoszerokości geograficznych. Wysokie inklinacje otrzymane z prob środkowokambryjskich nie odbiegają od paleonklinacji wyznaczonych dla skal kambru i dolnego ordowiku Masywu Armorykanskiego oraz poludniowej cześci Gor Świetokrzyskich. Wtorne skladowe namagnesowania utrwalone w hematytowym spoiwie piaskowcow i mulowcow przemawiają za poźniejszą (najprawdopodobniej karbonską) rotacją badanego obszaru. PALAEOMAGNETC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CAMBRIAN DEPOSITS FROM THE GOCZAŁKOWICE IG 1 AND SOSNOWIEC IG 1 BOREHOLES (UPPER SILESIA) Paleomagnetic investigations have been carried out on the Lower and Middle Cambrian clastic deposits from the Goczalkowice IG 1 and Sosnowiec IG 1 boreholes. Analysis of results of thermal demagnetization of the Goczalkowice Lower Cambrian sandstone let distinguish three groups of components of natural remanent magnetization (NRM): -low-stable components, determined from results of detailed analysis (including laboratory test) as the youngest (probably Cainozoic); - interpreted as closed to primary, high stable components with inclination values similar to ones of the previous group and relative declination differs by 180 ° (directions lie in the oposite quadrant of the lower hemisphere of projection in relation to the directions determined for the previous group); - medium and high stable components with under equatorial values of inclination and values of declination included in the 60° diversification interval. Characteristic directions of the Middle Cambrian Sosnowiec IG 1 borehole sandstone samples are of high, negative or positive value of inclination. Various polarity is here an important contention for primariness of the NRM components related to these directions. Results obtained let set up hypothesis that the least in Middle Cambrian the area investigated must lie within the zone of high latitude (around 60°). Taking into consideration contemporary reconstruction of the Lower Palaeozoic configuration of continents (e.g. R van der Voo, 1988) this area should be placed in a zone on the border of moderate and subpolar latitudes in the southern hemisphere. A mode of spatial distribution of the NRM secondary components fixed by haematization of the Lower Cambrian Goczalkowice IG 1 borehole scolithous sandstones indicates a great probability of the Carboniferous rotation of area investigated. For such an age of rotation speak underequatorial values of palaeoinclination, and the Carboniferous rocks which here are the dominant component of the overburden. Elevated temperature resulting in interaction of the overburden caused chemical alternation of goethite, non magnetite cryptocrystalline haematite pigment, what resulted in forming magnetically active haematite, being a carrier of the NRM secondary components. Due to the limited range of investigations the results presented and their interpretations should be treated only as initial.


In this paper, we propose a robust pupil detection method using rank order filter and cross-correlation. Potential pupil candidates are detected using rank order filter. Eye region is binarized using variable threshold to find eyebrow, and pupil candidates at the eyebrow are removed. The positions of pupil candidates are corrected, the pupil candidates are grouped into pairs based on geometric constraints. A similarity measure is obtained for two eye of each pair using cross-correlation, we select a pair with the largest similarity measure as a final pupil. The experiments have been performed for 500 images of the BioID face database. The results show that it achieves the high detection rate of 96.8% and improves about 11.6% than existing method.


This information on best practice is based on a systematic review conducted by the Western Australian Centre for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery, a collaborating centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Full details of the studies included in the systematic review are in the report The Effectiveness of a Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Program on Urinary Incontinence Following Childbirth (Haddow et al 2005) available online via Blackwell Synergy: www.blackwell-synergy.com and to members of the institute via the web site: www.joannabriggs.edu.au This information sheet discusses the following: > Antenatal and postnatal pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME). > Timing and types of PFME programme. > Implications for practice. > Recommendations.


When customers prepay for goods or services, accounting practice requires that the cash inflow to the firm be classified as a liability ("unearned revenue liability") until delivery to the customer. While there are eventual cash outflows associated with customer prepayments (equal to the marginal cost of producing the good or service), an argument can be made that the book liability actually represents an economic asset. As long as the firm is selling its product above cost, the cash outflows associated with future delivery are less than the cash advance received currently. Therefore, a net economic asset exists, equal to the difference between the cash received and the cost of the goods to be delivered. This paper utilizes a sample of firms from the magazine and periodicals publishing industry to examine the relation between the book liability for unearned revenue and firm equity value. The empirical tests provide strong evidence that stock prices behave as if the unearned revenue liability represents an economic asset. Further, the valuation of the asset is negatively related to the variable costs of production. The study also examines the association between the unearned revenue liability, current sales, and future sales. The empirical analysis provides evidence that the change in next-year sales is related to the change in current year sales conditioned on the change in the unearned revenue liability. In other words, sales increases in the current year do not persist into the future unless accompanied by an increase in the unearned revenue liability.


The Soviet atomic project, also known as the nuclear shield, is a true triumph of the Periodic Law. Unlike other global projects, it covers the entire Periodic Table of chemical elements: from the first element of the table (hydrogen) to the last one at the time of the project's completion (plutonium). The article, based on rare open publications, describes the main stages and chemical-technological issues surrounding the creation of atomic and thermonuclear weapons - the main goal of the nuclear shield New fundamental results of the chemistry and technology of isotopes of hydrogen, lithium, beryllium, polonium, uranium, and plutonium have been obtained that could significantly expand the Periodic Table of chemical elements.


Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is growing and considered to support many beneficial economic and personal developments. This article aims to enrich the scarce research on student assessment in EE, because assessment is a powerful tool to motivate and encourage students to engage in and experiment with venture creation activities even when they have no initial intrinsic motivation in entrepreneurial practice. First, EE research and assessment literature from related disciplines were analyzed. Second, the derived results have been used to redesign student assessment in an undergraduate venture creation course. Lessons learnt—what worked well and what did not work well—are discussed. The results indicate that more innovative assessment formats are needed because they are best suited for action-based, experiential, and learning-by-doing (ABELD) venture creation courses. An enriched pool of assessors, peer feedback as well as reflective self-assessment, and a shift to formative and process-oriented assessment are promising student assessment methods in this context, because they account better for ambiguous entrepreneurial real-life situations. However, educators' resources should be taken into account. The article contributes to our understanding of student assessment of venture creation courses in EE in higher education and offers practical recommendations for educators.


This work forms the first phase of a continuing initiative aimed at reducing fire deaths in residential dwellings in New Zealand (NZ). Loss oflife in residential buildings dominates NZ annual fire death statistics. Few items within these buildings have the potential to bring about untenable conditions as swiftly as upholstered furniture. It is a major goal of safety researchand this work in particularto better assess the hazard of furniture fires. Especially, in respect to our ability to predict this hazard. 1 The heat release rate of a burning item is acknowledged as the most important property in fire hazard analysis. As a starting point, this work includes a critical review of reaction to fire calorimetric techniques. These techniques are the basis of heat release rate measurement. The technique of oxygen consumption calorimetry is subjected to a comprehensive uncertainty analysis. This includes a detailed example of the application of this analysis to a common Standard Test Method. A less favoured calorimetry technique based on thermochemistry is redeveloped. Its usefulness as a calibration tool in respect to oxygen consumption calorimetry is explored. This is helpful as the thermochemistry technique is independent of oxygen concentration measurement, which in tum is the crucial parameter in oxygen consumption calorimetry. The combustion behaviour of dozens of small-scale furniture composites and 13 full-scale furniture items are tested using the above principles. The experimental programme used the newly commissioned cone and furniture calorimeters. The characterisation of these apparatuses appear in this work. The experimental results are used to validate the applicability of widely published European furniture fire models, to NZ items. This study shows that these existing techniques, while comprehensive, do not predict with goodness the combustion behaviour ofNZ furniture. However, the NZ data set is small and the direction of future initiatives are detailed. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectives A primary objective of this work, is to determine the applicability of contemporary fire models to exemplary New Zealand (NZ) furniture. This 'modelling' objective is specifically directed towards the ability to predict full-scale combustion behaviour of upholstered furniture (CBUF) from small-scale tests and experiments. The benefit of a good, applicable model is that the hazard of unwanted fires in domestic and residential buildings can be predicted relatively economically and easily, from small-scale material testing. Such hazard analysis, is a first step in hazard mitigation. In order to examine the applicability and goodness ofthe modelling, a second objective is pursued. That is, the examination and critique of the theory of contemporary and novel calorimetry, i.e. heat release rate (HRR) measurement. This is largely theoretical work and precedes the modelling. 2 Fundamental to the experimental worknecessary in the modellingis the third objective. That is, an examination and critique of the propagation of uncertainty in heat release rate measurement. As with the HRR work, this precedes the modelling. It is unusual but important to understand the limitations of experimental results. These three objectives; modelling, calorimetry and uncertainty, form the backbone of this work. 1.2 Impetus Following the trend of many other developed countries, loss of life in domestic and residential buildings continue to dominate New Zealand's (NZ) annual fire death statistics. Few items within these buildings have the potential to bring about untenable conditions as swiftly as upholstered furniture. Therefore, it is a major goal of safety research in generaland this work in particularto better assess the hazard of furniture fires. Especially, in respect to the ability to predict the hazard. This work is the first phase of a significant and ongoing University of Canterbury (UC) research initiative in this direction. It is intended that this work forms the foundation upon which the continuing research is built. 1.3 Previous work in this field 3 Of the various publications referenced throughout this work, most are directly related to this field. Some of these are cornerstone to this work. Either, in terms of a particular piece of work, or a particular researcher who has published prolifically. The cornerstone publications include Thornton (1917Pl, Huggett (1980il, Parker (1982il and Sundstrom (Ed.) (1995il. The eminent researchers include Babrauskas[14],[21],[22],[24],[28],[33],[34] and J anssens[3],[ 5],[15]. 1.4 Direction of this work Before developing good predictive furniture fire models, much groundwork needs covering. This is the role of a large proportion of this work. In it, contemporary experimental calorimetry techniques are reviewed. Analytical derivations of calculation techniques are scrutinised and refined. Complete laboratory facilities were to be built parallel to this research, this work includes details of the characterisation of the UC Cone and Furniture calorimeters. The latter part of this dissertation reaches the topic of furniture fire modelling. However, it is the focus of the main body of this work to dwell on the philosophy and details of the methodology. This is important foundation work. The form of the foundation work manifests first as an analytical interest in contemporary oxygen consumption and thermochemistry techniques. Second, as a critique and uncertainty analyses of the calculation techniques. Third as characterisation of the UC Cone and Furniture calorimeter. Fourth, as an examination ofthe applicability of existing comprehensive furniture fire models to NZ furniture. This work provides a sound platform for the continuation of the initiative to reduce furniture fires in NZ residential and domestic buildings. 1.5 Layout of this work This dissertation is presented in three parts. PART A: 'Calorimetric techniques', PART B: 'Uncertainty analysis of calorimetric techniques' and PART C: 'Instrumentation and validation of furniture fire modelling'. 4 PART A: 'Calorimetric techniques' consists of three chapters. CHAPTER 2: 'Heat release rate measurement, oxygen consumption technique', CHAPTER 3: 'Heat release rate measurement, thermochemistry technique', CHAPTER 4: 'Measurement of mass flow rate of the exhaust gases'. This Part is the background to the experimental methodology and is largely covering existing workexcept that the derivation of thermochemistry equations in this format is original work. PART B: 'Uncertainty analysis of calorimetric techniques' consists of one large chapter. CHAPTER 5: 'Propagation of uncertainty of heat release rate measurement'. Within this are two examples 'Example 1: An uncertainty analysis of the HRR calculation of the IS05660-1 and ASTM1354 Cone Calorimeter standard test methods' and 'Example 2: An alternative calculation of the cone calorimeter calibration constant'. This Part is wholly original and largely represents the analytical contribution of this work. PART C: 'Instrumentation and validation of furniture fire modelling' consists oftwo chapters. CHAPTER 6: 'Instrumentation' and CHAPTER 7: 'CBUF Model I and II applied to exemplary NZ furniture'. This Part is the beginning of the furniture fire hazard analysis and represents the experimental portion of the dissertation. Details of the commissioning calibrations and instrument characterisation are given. Dozens of Cone Calorimeter and 13 Furniture Calorimeter fire tests were undertaken to strict protocols. The results are applied in this work to existing and comprehensive European predictive models to validate the applicability of the models to NZ furniture. Part C does not necessarily begin where Part B finished. The propagation of uncertainty work developed in Part B is applied to the HRR. However, the same methodology is not applied within the highly empirical CBUF Models where high uncertainties within the regression analysis outweigh the value of such an exercise. CHAPTER 2: HEAT RELEASE RATE MEASUREMENT, OXYGEN CONSUMPTION TECHNIQUE


In 1579 King Philip II selected the presiding inquisitor of Granada as the second archbishop of Los Reyes, or Lima. Countering precedents which favored the episcopal nomination of priests who had spent time in the New World, Philip chose Toribio de Mogrovejo, a man totally lacking in both clerical and missionary experience, to preside over the most important episcopal see in the Southern hemisphere. That curious choice revealed Philip's strategy for the future of the church of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Philip presumably named the young jurist to implement a rigorous organization of the Church in the territory that retiring Viceroy Francisco de Toledo had only recently brought under effective civil governance. This article will demonstrate that, contrary to Philip's expectations, Toribio de Mogrovejo not only failed toinstill a Toledan spirit in the Church, but that he actively developed a mission methodology in accord with that promoted by Bartolomé de Las Casas and his followers in Peru.


In the influence of "song poetry" and "music poetry",there is one theory that is used to interpret poetry by way of taste and sound.This theory thinks that sound can reflect the author's intent,experience taste,convey spirit and further tell style.In addition,sound understanding and traditional identity are closely connected,by which learners can experience different taste and significance in the one hand and individual style and spirit of times can be mastered.In this sense,sound understanding should not be ignored.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of drought on genetic parameters and breeding values of cassava. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replicates, under field conditions with (WD) or without (FI) water deficit. Yield of storage roots (RoY), shoot (ShY), and starch (StY), as well as the number of roots (NR), and root dry matter content (DMC) were evaluated in 47 cassava accessions. Significant differences were observed among accessions; according to heritability, these differences had mostly a genetic nature. Heritability estimates for genotypic effects (h g 2 ) ranged from 0.25±0.12 (NR) to 0.60±0.18 (DMC), and from 0.51±0.17 (NR) to 0.80±0.21 (RoY and StY) for WD and FI, respectively, as a consequence of greater environmental influence on WD. Selective accuracy was lower in WD, and ranged from 0.71 (NR) to 0.89 (RoY, DMC, and StY). However, genetic gains were quite high and ranged from 24.43% (DMC) to 113.41% (StY), in WD, and from 8.5% (DMC) to 75.70% (StY) in FI. These genetic parameters may be useful for defining which selection strategies, breeding methods, and experimental designs are more suitable to obtain cassava genetic gains for tolerance to drought.


The present invention is a stator structure of a motor direct connection type drum washing machine has a structure that can be mounted to reduce the stator weight after the material and required during production, and also to simplify the manufacturing process, emitter hub or stably in the fixed side, such as a bearing housing It intended to provide. To this end, the present invention is the band shape of the base portion and the made from the base portion in a protruding tooth top and from the lower layer up to the top of the upper layer of the circular wound in a spiral to achieve a multi-layer structure of the stator core, the stator by an insert molding and an insulator which is formed to surround the outer surface of the core so as to be electrically insulated from the stator core to fix the stator to the tub supporter is formed integrally with the insulator on an inner peripheral surface side of the stator core is extruded toward the center of the stator doedoe comprises parts of at least three fastening the base portion of the stator core has a groove inner region, with also to decrease the stress in winding the core is required iphom semicircular which constitute a part of the coupling hole is formed, the urine iphom fastening of the insulator is formed so as to surround the region The stator structure of a drum washing machine outer rotor-type motor characterized in that formed on the fastening hole formed is provided.


The paper is devoted to the most common variant of cerebral small-vessel disease Р sporadic cerebral non-amyloid microangiopathy (SCNAMA) in the context of acute and chronic cerebral circulatory disorders. It highlights the topical issues of neuropathology and pathogenesis of the disease. The paper presents the current neuroimaging markers of SCNAMA with a detailed discussion of lacunar infarcts, cerebral microinfarctions, and microbleeds. It considers the clinical manifestations of the chronic form of the disease, including cognitive impairment. The problem in the differential diagnosis of SCNAMA and cerebral amyloid angiopathy is highlighted. The current possibilities of minimizing risks and improving the efficiency of treatment in this category of patients are discussed.


To investigate the paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition in relaxor Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-9% PbTiO3, correlations and scaling relations were measured from the domain structure of single crystals near the Curie temperature using a multifractal analysis. The dynamics of the domain walls were observed in (100) platelets using polarized light microscopy. The complexity of the domain wall distribution was evaluated by means of its fractal dimension and singularity spectrum. The changes in the energy state of the samples are assessed by measuring changes of the spatial distribution of the walls as a function of temperature; this can be used to estimate the specific heat.


A theoretical analysis shows factors which affect the onset of nonlinear response of the anode current of a photomultiplier to the light intensity incident on the photocathode, when the dynode voltages are provided by a linear resistor chain. The percent deviation from linearity of the anode current is shown to be independent of the number of dynodes and the gain per stage. The conditions do depend on the form of the gain per stage which is assumed to depend on parameters g=p+q. The parameter g is shown to have approximately the same value for a number of photomultipliers, so that any significant differences in the initial deviation from linearity would be attributed to the ratio p/q. This ratio has not been measured, but a method of doing so is described. Some measurements of the deviation from linearity are discussed in terms of the analysis, and the indications from that limited sampling are that one can expect deviations to be less than 3% for all photomultipliers when the anode current is less than 0...


The technology of tertiary oil recovery methods is described and potential economic and environmental constraints to future commercial application are identified. Oil recoverable by tertiary techniques represents a domestic resource of between 11- and 42-billion barrels. Estimates of additional oil supplies from tertiary methods by the year 2000 range from 1 to 8 million barrels per day, depending on the price of oil and the rate of technological development. The principal constraints to large-scale application of tertiary methods at the present time include environmental, economic and technological concerns. Regulatory action associated with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 currently delay the expansion of thermal recovery operations in California and may discourage future projects. The high production costs of tertiary projects also hamper process implementation. Further testing and research is necessary to develop the technology of tertiary recovery methods and prove these techniques successful on a field-wide scale. To enable tertiary oil recovery to play a significant role in augmenting domestic energy supplies, further research and development is necessary. More accurate methods of determining reservoir structure and residual oil saturations are required, as well as means for assuring the technical feasibility and success of a tertiary method in different reservoirmore » types. Technical process limitations must also be resolved. The severity of potential environmental impacts and constraints identified in this report should be determined. These concerns include the air pollutant emissions from steam generation in thermal processes; acceptable methods of brine disposal; damage due to runoff or accidental discharge of oil-rich chemicals into surface waters; the impacts of fluid injection on deep aquifers and the prevailing geological structure; and an adequate supply of high quality fresh water.« less


Leaves of Cox's Orange Pippin apple momentarily dipped in solutions of copper sulphate showed a similar pattern of uptake to that previously described for leaves which were immersed in similar solutions for much longer periods.From weak solutions retained on the leaf surface, copper was taken up initially at a rapidly declining rate (phase I), then at a linear rate proportional to the applied concentration (phase II). With stronger solutions, phases I and II were followed by further linear-with-time phases (III and IV). The rate and amount of uptake in phase I were similar in dipped and immersed leaves, but the rates of uptake in the other phases were lower in the dipped leaves.Copper ceased to be taken up from weak solutions at a fixed time after dipping the leaves ; this was taken to be the time at which the surface deposit dried out, though any visible moisture had already disappeared. Strong solutions induced a further phase (IV), in which uptake persisted long after the surface deposit had apparently...


ABSTRACT The current study is a formative evaluation of an integrated, school-based program for urban minority youth transitioning into high school. The design of this pilot project was quasi-experimental in nature, with one freshman physical education class assigned to receive the intervention and one to receive no program or "treatment as usual." The program consisted of a universal peer-led weekly group session plus selective adult mentoring provided to those deemed at risk of dropping out of school. Our findings point to program effects in terms of (a) increased ability to make friends, (b) increased ability to resist peer pressure to participate in negative behaviors, (c) decreased tolerance of friends' use of substances, and (d) decreased self-reported acts of school misconduct, when controlling for baseline academic risk status.