We spliced together two tapered, step-index, air-clad silica microfibers using a CO2laser with loss < 0.3%. This may be important for realizing practical photonic circuits by eliminating mechanical instabilities related to evanescent coupling.


A completely integrated 1.8GHz low-power ring-based voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) is designed in SMIC 0.18μm CMOS process by using p-type current steering logic(CSL) structure as the delay cell.With single 1.8V supply,it has a tuning range of 1GHz and a phase noise of-96.4dBc/Hz at 3MHz offset from center frequency through out the tuning range.The total power consumption is 1.40mW.Comparison shows that this design has better performance than previously published similar results.


Background: Acute intestinal obstruction (AIO) is a surgical emergency, with its varied symptomatology and presentation, and diagnosing it is always a challenge to the emergency physician. This study was done to understand the prevalence, various etiologies, usefulness of computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen in the diagnosis, rate of surgical management, and outcome of AIO in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: This prospective study included all the patients who presented to the ED with a history of inability to pass stools and flatus and diagnosed to have intestinal obstruction clinically. This study was conducted for a duration of 6 months (December 2017–May 2018). Patient's clinical parameters, radiological imaging, etiology, treatment given, and outcome of the patients were noted. Results: Among 15,857 patients who presented to the ED over a study period, 90 (0.567%) patients had AIO out of 120 suspected cases. The most common age group (22%) was more than 60 years of age with female preponderance (55.6%). Most common etiological factor was adhesion (26.67%), followed by hernia (23.3%). Among 120 suspected patients, those who had undergone CT abdomen (n = 59) showed 95.6% of sensitivity, 100% of specificity, and 96.6% of accuracy in comparison with abdomen X-ray and ultrasonography abdomen. Forty-two (46.7%) patients diagnosed with AIO were operated, while 32 (35.6%) patients were managed conservatively and the remaining 16 (17.8%) patients were discharged against medical advice. The mortality rate among the operated patients was 2.7% (n = 2). Conclusion: In the ED, women in their sixties were the one who most commonly presented with AIO. The most common cause of admission with AIO was adhesions. CT abdomen is an accurate modality for diagnosing AIO.


Robot capability of listening to several things at once by its own ears, that is, robot audition, is important in improving human-robot interaction. The critical issue in robot audition is real-time processing in noisy environments with high flexibility to support various kinds of robots and hardware configurations. This paper presents open-source robot audition software, called ldquoHARKrdquo, which includes sound source localization, separation, and automatic speech recognition (ASR). Since separated sounds suffer from spectral distortion due to separation, HARK generates a temporal-frequency map of reliability, called ldquomissing feature maskrdquo, for features of separated sounds. Then separated sounds are recognized by the Missing-Feature Theory (MFT) based ASR with missing feature masks. HARK is implemented on the middleware called ldquoFlowDesignerrdquo to share intermediate audio data, which provides real-time processing. HARKpsilas performance in recognition of noisy/simultaneous speech is shown by using three humanoid robots, Honda ASIMO, SIG2 and Robovie with different microphone layouts.


At the beginning of the twenty-first century the problem of European frontiers ceased to exist. This is because they are no longer determined by a sense of European identity, but rather by a consensus reached in Brussels. The European borderlands disappeared generations ago and were substituted by peripheries of the capitalist world-economy. It may be said that both concepts are of only academic interest. However, I am not convinced.


The factor structure of responses to the Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI) in a sample of 2150 Chinese secondary school students was examined using the LIS-REL approach to confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that a 3-factor model (State+, Calmness, and Happiness) and a 2-factor model (Trait+ and Trait-) could provide an adequate fit for the item responses to the A-State and A-Trait scales, respectively. When all item responses were included for analyses, it was found that while a 4-factor model (State+, State-, Trait+, and Trait-) was able to fit the data, a 5-factor model (State+, Calmness, Happiness, Trait+, and Trait-) was found to provide the best fit. The factorial structure of the C-STAI is discussed with reference to previous research findings and conceptual frame-works on the STAI.


The article deals with the use of digital technologies in traditional musics and in neo-traditional pieces from western Uganda. The discourse follows the various lines of employment of digital technologies and tries to describe musical and media realities which are rapidly changing: from played back music marking the soundscape in Ugandan towns, to the role of the Internet and of YouTube in promoting artists and their songs, up to the relationship of neo-traditional musics with popular music and to in-studio digital musical production. Special attention is devoted to the production of a Tooro musician, which exemplifies the creative possibilities in the track of tradition, though in dialogue with digital technologies, in a perspective strongly anchored to his native territory but also opened to wider horizons. This case is presented in relation to another Ugandan experience which uses traditional pieces to re-elaborate them embracing the model of world music.


The aim of the thesis is to verify the possibility of measuring the extent of cognitive (integrative) complexity in stories evoked by TAT cards using Tetlock & Suedfeld scoring system. The scores acquired this way were compared with cognitive complexity indexes acquired from administration of Kelly's Repertory grid technique (RGT). Bell's GridStat was used to get RGT indexes. Using Spearman correlative coefficient we did not find any relation between TAT scores and RGT indexes neither in the population of healthy people nor in the group of schizophrenic patients. Significant relation was found out when we included the both populations into one group – in this case the differences in cognitive complexity between the two populations manifested. Another aim of the thesis is to find out the extent of cognitive complexity stimulation potential of individual TAT cards administered in this research. The highest extent of cognitive complexity stimulation potential was for card 1, the lowest was for card 13MF.


It is well established that enhanced exercise capacity is related to protection from cardiovascular disease, obesity and contributes to healthy aging. Unlike larger animals and humans, where male animals have a higher exercise capacity, female mice have generally shown to have a greater basal exercise capacity and a greater threshold for exercise training improvement. Relatively few studies have examined gender differences in models with enhanced exercise capacity. Since male mice with disruption of adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) have greater exercise capacity than their wild type (WT) littermates, the goal of this investigation was to determine if female AC5 knock out (KO) mice have even greater treadmill exercise capacity than their male littermate. Untrained WT female mice exhibited 21 ± 4% greater maximal exercise capacity for distance (475 ± 19 m) than age‐matched males (males: 389 ± 19 m; p<0.05). In part this could be explained by lower weight of females, although cardiac work was also increased by 13 ± 3.5% in untrained females. When mice were exercise‐trained for 4 weeks by running for 1 hour per day, the exercise‐trained mice had a similar gender disparity with females running 23 ± 8.5% greater distance than age‐matched trained males. We then examined exercise capacity in male and female AC5 KO mice. As we found before, male AC5 KO mice without exercise training performed better (835 ± 32 m) than even female exercise‐trained WT (716 ± 42 m). Surprisingly, female AC5 KO mice performed exercise no better (863 ± 44 m) than the male AC5 KO mice, and work performed was no longer greater in females (27.8 ± 1.4 J) than males (27.9 ± 1.3 J). These data suggest that a cyclic AMP mechanism may be involved either in these gender differences or in the ability to attain maximal exercise capacity.


This text reviewed information of weather aridity in Heilongjiang Province since concerned character recordation,and infection to agricultural yield;analyzed distributing rule of weather aridity;researched natural and man-made ingredient formed aridity;finally put forward the countermeasure to prevent and cure weather aridity.


Nanometer TiO2 particles were prepared with Ti(SO4)2 as precursor using the precipitation-sol method,and its photocatalytic degradation experiments of formaldehyde were carried out. Influence of preparation conditions of TiO2 on photocatalytic degradation performance was studied. The results showed that degradation rate of formaldehyde attained 78% in 6 hrs at the concentration of Ti(SO4)2 0.05 mol/L,hydrolization temperature 80℃ and time 4 hrs,pH=2 for congregatation with 0.10 mol/L KOH,maturation temperature 90~100℃ and time 10 mins, calcination temperature 450℃ and time 4 h.


Aim: To detect the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) mutations in esophageal cancer tissue. Methods: mtDNA was extracted from tissue of 8 patients with esophageal cancer. D-loop region was amplified using PCR. The PCR products were purified, and linked with T-vector and transformed into JM109. The positive clone was screened and identified by primer T7/SP6 and then sequenced. The mtDNA mutations in the tumor tissue were compared with the GenBank sequence. Results: Mutations were found in all specimens.Totally 36 sites of mutation were found,including 32 sites of coversion,and 4 sites of transversion;13 sites of synonymous mutation and 23 sites of missense mutation. Conclusion: mtDNA mutation probably plays a role in the development of esophageal cancer.


Field experiments were conducted in Dingxi,in the western Loess Plateau,on the effects of tillage on soil ammonifying bacteria,nitrobacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria under a rotation system with spring wheat and pea.The treatments were conventional tillage and three conservation agriculture patterns: Conventional tillage(T),conventional tillage with stubble incorporation(TS),no till with no straw cover(NT),no till with straw cover(NTS) The amount of soil ammonifying bacteria,nitrobacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria from high to low was NTS,TS,NT,and T in the 0-5,5-10,and 10-30 cm depths of soil under two rotation fields.The amounts of soil ammonifying bacteria in NTS at these three depths was 76.21%,146.92%,67.82% respectively,higher than that in NT.Soil nitrobacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria initially increased,then decreased in all treatments in spring wheat fields.However,soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria decreased with soil depth,while nitrobacteria initially increased,then decreased in pea fields.Ammonifying bacteria decreased with soil depth in NTS and TS,but initially increased,then decreased in NT and T.


Metastases undergo reconstruction Cancer cells from primary tumors can migrate to regional lymph nodes and distant organs. The prevailing model in oncology is that lymph node metastases give rise to distant metastases. This "sequential progression model" is the rationale for surgical removal of tumor-draining lymph nodes. Naxerova et al. used phylogenetic methods to reconstruct the evolutionary relationship of primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases in 17 patients with colorectal cancer (see the Perspective by Markowitz). The sequential progression model applied to only one-third of the patients. In the other two-thirds, distant metastases and lymph node metastases originated from independent subclones within the primary tumor. Science, this issue p. 55; see also p. 35 Contrary to expectation, lymphatic and distant metastases often arise independently in human colorectal cancer. The spread of cancer cells from primary tumors to regional lymph nodes is often associated with reduced survival. One prevailing model to explain this association posits that fatal, distant metastases are seeded by lymph node metastases. This view provides a mechanistic basis for the TNM staging system and is the rationale for surgical resection of tumor-draining lymph nodes. Here we examine the evolutionary relationship between primary tumor, lymph node, and distant metastases in human colorectal cancer. Studying 213 archival biopsy samples from 17 patients, we used somatic variants in hypermutable DNA regions to reconstruct high-confidence phylogenetic trees. We found that in 65% of cases, lymphatic and distant metastases arose from independent subclones in the primary tumor, whereas in 35% of cases they shared common subclonal origin. Therefore, two different lineage relationships between lymphatic and distant metastases exist in colorectal cancer.


Multipactor is a major factor in many RF power couplers, causing long processing times that can be difficult for large machines. The SPL coupler is proposed to have a conical matching section between the window and the coaxial section however this section must be checked for multipactor. Multipactor simulations of the coupler up to a few MW's of power were performed using a variety of different codes and the results were compared. Simulations were performed in the conical and straight coaxial sections.


Shangluo museum con tains ancient artefacts.With the newly established Shangluo City,we should try to develop it to become a middle-sized,comprehensive museum with national style and local character by enlarging its book stores,building more rooms,improving the envionment,and reforming the management system.


The idea behind collective perception is to improve vehicles' awareness about their surroundings. Every vehicle shares information describing its perceived environment by means of V2X communication. Similar to other information shared using V2X communication, collective perception information is potentially safety relevant, which means there is a need to assess the reliability and quality of received information before further processing. Transmitted information may have been forged by attackers or contain inconsistencies e.g. caused by malfunctions. This paper introduces a novel approach for estimating a belief that a pair of entities, e.g. two remote vehicles or the host vehicle and a remote vehicle, within a Vehicular ad hoc Network (VANET) are both trustworthy. The method updates the belief based on the consistency of the data that both entities provide. The evaluation shows that the proposed method is able to identify forged information.


A disaster is any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. The Slum and informal settlement households are living in poor dwelling conditions. In these settlements, one side congested area forces them to have fire related activities in unsafe conditions. Other side, without Government notification on their legality of living in Slum areas, they are not provided with common living conditions available with other members of society. On top of all 'the Sword of Eviction' is seen even during day dreaming by these poor habitants. Their identity linked with residence keeps them and their growing kids in state of inferiority and depression. To mitigate damages by fire-disaster, recovery, rehabilitation, and development efforts require enormous funds that, amidst insufficient contingency funds, are taken out from other development programmes of city that are planned or underway, thereby impeding development efforts. Therefore, it is important that disaster mitigation programmes are made an integral part of developmental programmes of Delhi. At the same time, efforts to enhance the capacities of communities and coping systems at various levels and sectors towards self-reliance and selfsufficiency in managing disasters effectively and must be sustainable. It is immediate requirement to recognise ownership of slum habitants and proper housing is provided to them with government plans.


ULTIMATELY, as senescence of the ovary sets in — abruptly in some and slowly in others —there is a corresponding decline in estrogen production. The estrogen deficit substantially alters the anabol...


The work is devoted to the application of the correlation analysis method for the study of aluminum cast alloys; or rather, the relationship between the density of a substance and the concentration of chemical elements in it. The purpose of the work is to study the dependence of the density and concentration of chemical elements in aluminum alloys to establish patterns of growth and decrease in material density. The objective of the work is to determine by the correlation method t he presence of a relationship between the density and concentration of elements of chemical composition. The study was performed by the method of correlation analysis using modern software tools, with the help of which the dependencies between the physical parameters of alloys and their chemical properties were searched. The study made a number of important assumptions, detailed in the publication. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed for which metals in the alloys the values can be processed by the correlation method, and the corresponding point diagrams of the values were constructed. Additionally, the accuracy of the research results was determined by using manual and automatic methods. The study concluded that the density of aluminum alloys depends on the concentration of magnesium. It is shown that using the applied methodology it is possible to establish the accuracy correlation between variables and determine the priority of certain additives in the material. The publication is equipped with the necessary tables and figures, as well as detailed explanations for each stage of the study.


Knowledge about predictive factors for mortality and (in)appropriate shocks in cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT‐D) should be available and updated to predict clinical outcome.


In this work, we describe the use of acoustic-prosodic features to detect and localize non-native named entities spoken by a native speaker in the target language (English) for the purpose of improved speech recognition and translation. The exaggerated variation in accent and duration introduced by the speaker for non-native names is exploited in the detection process through the use of prosodic features like f0 excursions, durational variations and pause information. First, we validate the use of prosodic features in classifying non-native named entities (person names in Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, Italian, Persian, Indian) in the first mention spoken by native English speakers. We set up the problem as a binary classification task between the non-native named entities and other content words spoken by the speakers in the native language. Results based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier indicate a 80% classification accuracy for such events. Second, we use the prosody-based SVM classifier to detect and localize named entities at the output of an Automatic Speech Recognizer (ASR).


The current article is inserted in the context of the pos-structuralist debate of the studies of corporeity and its goal is to put forward some arguments for a deconstrutionist approach of the same ones. Therefore, it is used the concepts of logocentrism and deconstruction, postulated by the French-Algerian philosopher Jacques Derrida, in order to question ideas of corporeity, which in contemporary studies situate the being or some kind of essence as a theoretic- practical basis.


Any piece of knowledge I acquire today has a value at this moment exactly proportional to my skill to deal with it. Mark Van Doren, Liberal Education Information seeking involves a number of personal and environmental factors and processes. In this chapter we identify these factors and processes and see how they work together to define and constrain information seeking. Before reading further, stop and consider the many information-seeking activities you perform each day. Suppose you have a well-defined information need such as finding a phone number for a business in a foreign city. What do you need to know to begin? What things do you already know about telephones, businesses, and information seeking that will help in your search? What sources could help? How can you determine whether they are available? How do you use them? What are the costs in time or money? How will you know when you have found the correct number? What kinds of questions can you imagine for a more openended but better-focused information problem such as understanding the implications of the European Common Market's trade agreement with Japan on what investments to make for a child's college trust fund? How would your strategies differ for a fuzzy problem like gaining information to improve one's knowledge of a domain of interest? Clearly, we encounter many varieties of information problems and apply varied information-seeking strategies to solve these problems. To understand this variety, it is useful to have a framework that explicates factors and processes common to information seeking in general.


Objective To solve the security problems of hospital information system.Methods Multiple threat factors of data safety were analyzed,security index in hospital information system was proposed,and the data protection mechanism was listed.Results Multiple safety mechanism was set up and performed,which prevents important data in hospital information system from leaking out and altering effectively.Conclusion The safety of hospital information system is promoted,which provides safeguard for normal operation and scientific management in hospital.


Detailed studies were carried out on equilibrium dialysis of the binding of NiZ+ ion to human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The successive stability constants were obtained by the least- squares fitting. The eight binding sites found for both Ni( U )-HSA and Ni( Il )-BSA systems can be divided into two different sets; and for both systems, there exist two identical prior binding sites where the bound ~i'' ions can be con- sidered as allosteric effectors, which induce the allosteric effect in accordance with the model proposed by Monod et al. As indicated by allosteric parameters, the ability of R-state to bind Ni2+ ions is ca. 100 times as much as that of T- state, and the conformation of HSA is markedly tenser than that of BSA.


The author analyses the first, unsuccessful Polish-Belarusian co-production of the Semafor Film Studio – "Mamo, czy kury potrafią mówić?". The project, which was initially planned as another, simple in terms of complexity of the studio's film production, became one of the studio's largest and most demanding projects. The researcher tries to shed some light on what the reasons behind this decision were. Using archive data and information obtained in the process of conducting in-depth interviews with former employees of Semafor, he places the studio in the broader landscape of film production, and indicates what factors determined the final failure of the project as a co-production with the Belarusians.


ABSTRACT This article refines established notions of rumour as a strategy of discursive empowerment by differentiating typologies of empowerment. Specifically, I employ terminology from the anthropological literature on witchcraft to distinguish between 'levelling' rumour, which seeks to attack the power of others, and 'accumulative' rumour, which seeks to increase the power of rumour-tellers. To exemplify this, I explore a rumour that circulated in 2012 and 2013 among practitioners of traditional medicine in West Cameroon, which claimed that the state would kill tradipractitioners working to cure HIV/AIDS. I first outline the likely sociopolitical roots of practitioners' anxiety regarding their intellectual labour. I then argue that this narrative was simultaneously levelling and accumulative in a national context, yet became accumulative in the more international context of practitioner–anthropologist relations. Ultimately, both forms of empowerment were key to understanding the rumour's favourable positioning of tradipractitioners in an increasingly uncertain, tense, and multinational part of Cameroon.


Taking Bamboo Spring village in Shandong province ecological tourism planning as example,the origin of horticultural therapy was introduced,the application of horticultural therapy in the scenic spot and horticultural therapy on urban people's spirit and the curative effect of health were analyzed.Meanwhile,a few basic principles of horticultural therapy in scenic spot and the construction horticultural therapy in the present new tourism model were put forward.The application of horticultural therapy in ecological scenic spot was prospected.


The voltammetric behavior of methylene blue (MB) at thiol self-assembled monolayers modified gold electrodes (SAMs/Au) has been investigated. MB exhibited a redox peak at about −0.35 V (vs.SCE) in alkaline solution at bare gold electrodes. When the gold electrodes were modified with thiol SAMs, the peak grew due to the accumulation of MB at SAMs. With the solution pH rising, more MB was accumulated, hence the peak height increased, which differed from that at bare gold electrodes. The electrode process at SAMs/Au featured the characteristics of adsorption and/or electrode reaction controlled. The enhancing action of glutathione monolayer (GSH SAM), 3-mercaptopropionic acid monolayer (3MPA SAM) and other thiol SAMs was compared. Among these, GSH SAM made the MB peak increase more. At GSH SAM/Au, the peak height varied linearly with MB concentration over the range of 2 μM to 400 μM. So this can be developed for the determination of MB and studies concerned. The accumulation behavior caused by GSH SAM and native fish sperm dsDNA was compared. The interaction between DNA and MB was also discussed under this condition.


53 inbred strains and substrains of mice from 3 institutes in The Netherlands were examined at 12 chromosome loci coding body protein-polymorphism (Es-1, Es-2, Es-3, Es-S, Gpi-1, Hbb, Id-1, Ldr-1, Mpi-1, Mup-1, pgm-1, Trf). The allelic variation at 7 loci could be detected simultaneously. Within each institute most strains showed a unique combination of alleles at the 12 loci involved. Some nominally similar (sub)strains showed allelic divergence. One strain showed allelic variation at 4 loci. These findings emphasize the possibility and the necessity of monitoring the genetic purity of inbred strains of mice. A routine monitoring scheme using body protein-polymorphisms is proposed.


The utility model relates to a ventilative cold -proof three -dimensional vamp, it includes bottom and surface course, the regional area between this bottom surface and this surface course is equipped with the supporting layer, the upper and lower surface of this supporting layer corresponds and surface course and bottom fixed bonding, with the region that the supporting layer borders on, surface course and bottom fixed bonding. The utility model discloses a supporting layer of vamp and the setting of nylon bilayer structure surface course for the heat outdiffusion that the vamp can prevent the foot to produce well, thus pin more heats, superior warmth retention property has, simultaneously, still has good air permeability for beriberi in the shoe cavity can be well by discharging in the hole in the vamp, furthermore, the utility model discloses a structure of vamp still makes the vamp possess good shock -absorbing capacity, provides important contribution to the guard action of foot.


The transfer of energy and information is a basic tenet of acoustic, electromagnetic and quantum wave applications. Localized waves are nonseparable space-time solutions of the wave equations associated with these and other physical phenomena. They exhibit unusual propagation characteristics such as nondispersive propagation, i.e., their central region propagates without spreading. While many of these localized waves have been derived directly in space and time coordinates, they have also been represented and studied using transform and phase space techniques. The transform approach, which deals with algebraic equations in a general three-dimensional wavevector and one-dimensional frequency domain setting, is appealing because of their simplicity, but they must be handled with care in a generalized function manner. Nonetheless, interesting features of the LW solutions can be revealed by representing them geometrically with respect to the dispersion surfaces associated with their governing space-time wave equations. Phase space techniques, i.e., those dealing with a mixture of space-time and transform domain coordinates, further augment the understanding and derivation of the performance characteristics of these localized waves, e.g., determining if they are finite energy solutions. This paper briefly discusses and demonstrates various aspects of these approaches. Both transform and phase space representations of subluminal, luminal and superluminal localized wave solutions of several classes of wave equations (homogeneous wave equation in free space and in a lossy medium related to electromagnetic phenomena and Klein-Gordon equation associated with quantum systems) will also be discussed in my presentation.


In the nineteenth century, a gendered reform movement – the Slander of Women Acts – swept through the British common law world, making it easier for women to sue for defamatory allegations of sexual immorality. By examining two slander cases brought by women in early New South Wales and radical reforms passed in 1847, this article locates the Australian colonies within this global campaign. Arguing that slander worked to reinscribe a woman's colonial category, police 'savage' speech and rectify respectability for economic purposes, it shows how ideas of reputation and its protection diverged across the UK, USA and Australia at this time.


In this paper, we investigate how to retrieve meaningful English text input on mobile devices from recorded videos while the text is illegible in the videos. In our previous work, we were able to retrieve random passwords with high success rate at a certain distance. When the distance increases, the success rate of recovering passwords decreases. However, if the input is meaningful text such as email messages, we can further increase the success rate via natural language processing techniques since the text follows spelling and grammar rules and is context sensitive. The process of retrieving the text from videos can be modeled as noisy channels. We first derive candidate words for each word of the input sentence, model the whole sentence with a Hidden Markov model and then apply the trigram language model to derive the original sentence. Our experiments validate our technique of retrieving meaningful English text input on mobile devices from recorded videos.


In the evaluation of the postgraduate programs by Capes, according to the criteria adopted for framing the programs in the five note strata, the items demonstrate different capacities to discriminate the programs. The purpose of this article is to propose a methodology to evaluate the discrimination capacity of the items and to identify the items whose criteria could be rediscussed to try to improve the capacity to discriminate the programs. For that, we analyzed the frequency of programs in the strata in each one of the items, based on the information presented in the area of Urban and Regional Planning and Demography for the triennium 2010-2012. To evaluate the discrimination capacity of each item, it was proposed to use the following statistical parameters: mean, amplitude, standard deviation, degree of asymmetry and mean deviation in relation to the uniform distribution. The items, based on these statistical parameters, were classified as having no, low, medium and high discrimination capacity. It should be emphasized that the results could serve as a preliminary subsidy for discussion within the area for possible implementation of objective criteria in the items.


This study compares the open innovation strategy between startups and incumbent firms over a period of ten years (2004-2013). Using a sample of startups and incumbent Spanish firms, we find that they differ considerably, and that this has implications for management. Incumbent firms and startups differ in terms of their use of external cooperation activities as a source of innovation. The lack of financial and human resources of startups leads them to open their borders more than incumbent firms, and startups benefit from being flexible, as they have yet to implement routines. This boosts startups' innovation performance.


The influent factors of the poor color fastness to wet crocking of reactive dyes was analysed,including dye characteristics,loose color,water quality,stitch structure and surface smoothness of the fabric.And the improvement measures in each step were put forward.


This paper is extracted from my current ongoing PhD research. The title of my research is 'What is in a name? Evoking associations in cultural tourism marketing of Persia and Iran'. The focus of this study is social constructionist and its aim is to investigate the production and consumption aspects of destination images. More specifically this paper intends to discuss the role of media discourses in the formation of destination images. This important factor has been ignored in the previous studies. Reviewing the literature demonstrates that previous studies have mainly looked at this concept from a positivist perspective and therefore did not consider the impact of wider societal and media discourses on the formation of images.


1 Dehydroevodiamine alkaloid (DeHE), an active ingredient of a Chinese herbal medicine Wu‐Chu‐Yu (Evodiae frutus), has been shown to decrease aterial blood pressure in experimental animals and prolong action potential duration in cardiac cells. The aim of the present study was to explore the ionic basis of its possible antiarrhythmic effects. 2 Guinea‐pig atrial and ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically and the ionic currents were recorded under whole‐cell patch‐clamp with single suction pipettes. 3 DeHE at a concentration of 0.1 μm inhibited reversibly the time‐dependent outward K current (delayed rectifier, Ik) and the Na‐dependent inward current (INa). 4 In low‐K (1 mm) and high‐Ca (9 mm) solution, DeHE also depressed the delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) and the transient inward current (Iti) induced by 2 μm strophanthidin. On the other hand, DeHE occasionally induced early afterdepolarizations and slow response action potentials at a depolarized level. 5 At higher concentrations (1 μm and above), the L‐type Ca current (ICa,L) was moderately inhibited. 6 The present findings indicate that DeHE may depress triggered arrhythmias in Ca‐overloaded guinea‐pig cardiac myocytes through its inhibitory actions on INa, Iti and, to a smaller extent, ICa. DeHE may also exert class III antiarrhythmic effect through a reduction of outward K currents (Ik) across the sarcolemma.


A historical dialectic exists between colonial powers and indigenous populations in the Pacific, where education is perceived by local elites and colonialists as the key to economic development. A major factor determining the nature of the present-day relation between traditional and Western forms of schooling is the actual colonial status of the population in question. In newly independent nations, indigenous forms of internal social differentiation and highly valued intellectual traditions play a significant role in shaping educational systems in a way they no longer do for peoples who have been incorporated into colonizing nations.


In this paper we present an approach to support the content generation for Augmented Reality (AR)-based technical manuals by modeling and interpreting technical instructions in a semantical way. We propose the separation of the meaning of a technical instruction from its actual representation and accomplish this by designing a semantic instruction model on the base of a controlled natural language. The controlled language serves here as a highlevel specification model for technical activities. Its controlled lexicon and grammar eliminate the ambiguity of meaning and reduce the complexity of language constructs known from full natural languages. This enables automated processing of the instructions. Complemented with references to the geometry of assemblies, parts, tools and other geometric features, the resulting formalized instructions can be easily transformed to both textual and graphical representations. In the demonstration of our results we will focus on the generation of scenes for AR-based maintenance support.


Prostate cancer represents a major burden of disease in Canada. It represents the third leading cause of cancer mortality in men with more than 24,000 individuals diagnosed in 2021. The diagnosis and management of prostate cancer is a continuously evolving area, and the aim of this article is to provide current information on various aspects of prostate cancer care, as an aid for primary care physicians (PCPs) as they guide men through the prostate cancer journey.


Several cutaneous disorders are characterized by keratinocyte expression of HLA‐DR. Using an immunohistochemical assay we have observed that expression is maximal where the dermal lymphocytic infiltrate is most intense. This finding is consistent with induction of keratinocyte HLA‐DR expression by gamma‐interferon, released by activated T‐lymphocytes. In atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, where T‐lymphocytes are also observed within the infiltrate, keratinocytes do not express HLA‐DR.


To evaluate the current practice patterns of vesico‐ureteric reflux (VUR) management and screening among paediatric urologists and their relationship with the current American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines in managing and treating VUR.


ever more energetic and sophisticated accelerators, strongly encouraged advanced computing facilities. These advanced computing facilities were essential components of ORNL's wideranging research and development programs. As the AEC gave way to the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and then the DOE, ORNL computing capabilities, though excellent and often innovative (see Evaluation of Early Systems, below),


The primary purpose of fishing with a hook and line has changed over the years from a means of ob¬ taining food to a form of recreation.9 Many management practises have incorporated the idea of "catch and release" fishing in areas of low popu¬ lation numbers or in areas of high fishing pressure so that a particular dish may be caught more than once. The Cheesman canyon, on the South Platte River, Colorado, was declared a "no-kill" area to protect the populations of rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) and Brown Trout (Salmo truttaJ.1 For most spe¬ cies there are daily and possession limits to protect population numbers. In addition, there are size restrictions to protect the most effective breed¬ ers in a system. For example, the current limit of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in Saskatchewan is five fish, with a possession limit of ten fish.8 Recently in Tobin Lake, Saskatche¬ wan, a "no-keep" regulation for wall¬ eye ranging in size from 54-69 cm has been installed to protect the breeding population.4


Objective: To describe the stages of construction and validation of a digital application for teaching vital signs for nursing. Methods: It is a methodological development study, conducted between 2014 and 2015, following the standard steps of Galvis-Panqueva: construction (analysis, design and development); and validation (evaluation), which occurred through the measurement of the Content Validity Index (CVI), according to opinion of experts nurses and computer analysts. Results: The Vitaleasy entitled application was developed with intuitive interface, available for download on Android systems, contemplating the vital signs: pain, temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and blood pressure, as well as one quiz tab test. As for the validation of appearance and content, the application had global CVI 0.8. Conclusions: It is concluded that the application is a feature that presents viable characteristics for use in teaching vital signs for nursing students.


Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) co-polymer with moderate molecular weight was prepared by free radicalsolution polymerization using acrylonitrile(AN) and itaconic acid(IA). The effect of temperature on the gela-tion process of PAN-DMSO-H2 O ternary system was studied with rheological methods. The evolution of rhe-ological parameters(storage modulus G′, loss modulus G″ etc.) of the ternary system during the gelationwere observed, and the law of gelation time at different temperatures were obtained. The result showed thatat lower temperatures, the gel formed in shorter time, and the gelation process continued coarsening afterthe critical gelation point.


One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures (NSs) of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) such as nanorods (NRs) have recently attracted considerable research attention due to their potential for the development of optoelectr ...


In his first work, the poetics Meditationes philosophicae de nonnullis ad poema pertinentibus. Baumgarten frequently cites Horace's Ars Poetica. Horace was highly esteemed by Baumgarten and his contemporaries, especially in the fields of poetics and art theory. Baumgarten uses Ars Poetica throughout Meditationes. but it is especially in the paragraphs introducing some of the key concepts of his philosophy that there is a significant amount of excerpts from Horace's poetics. In this article, I examine if and how contemporary scholarly interpretations may have influenced these uses of Horace's text and maybe even Baumgarten's theory. Following a brief account of relevant commentaries as well as Horace's position in contemporary art theory, I explore the implied interpretations of Ars Poetica in Baumgarten's excerpts, focusing on his three key terms, phantasia. heterocosmica and methodum lucidam. Compared to the conception of Horace as expressed in the commentaries, this study suggests a complex interaction between those and Baumgarten's art theory.


Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)on the bowel adaptation in a massive intestinal resection rat model.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were used,and divided into three groups:sham group,received ileum transection(n=6);SBS group,received 75% mid-intestinal resection(n=6);SBS+ACEI group,received 75% mid-intestinal resection and lavaged with ACEI(enalaprilat,2 mg·kg-1·d-1)(n=6).All rats were provided with ordinary rat chow ad libitum.Sampling was done on 10 d after resection.ACE expression was detected with RT-PCR and immunofluorescent confocal microscopy.Results Massive bowel resection led to significant intestinal hypertrophy.There was an increase in both villus height and crypt depth(total height) in the SBS group.Total height was increased about 50% compared with the sham group[(778±30) μm vs(502±40)μm,P0.01],and the total height of intestinal mucosa in SBS+ACEI group was about 14% higher than that in SBS group(P0.01).Additionally,ACEI administration in SBS rat resulted in a significant decline in EC apoptosis(P0.05).ACE expression was significantly elevated after SBS creation(P0.05),and ACEI administration further increased ACE expression compared with the SBS group(P0.05).Conclusion These results offer insight into the role of ACE on intestinal adaptation.ACEI intake can promote the mucosal remolding after massive bowel resection.


SUMMARY n Although chronic rhinosinusitis is one of the most common chronic disorders, and major advances in minimally invasive surgery and potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory conservative treatment have been accomplished in the past decade, evidence for the most effective treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis is still lacking. Randomized controlled trials, which provide the best possible evidence in terms of testing the efficacy of chronic rhinosinusitis treatment, are too few. Those that have been done so far, have proven advantages of endoscopic sinus surgery over classic radical surgery in terms of providing better health related quality of life. Case controlled studies of endoscopic sinus surgery have shown a 91% (73.0%-97.5%) improvement with a major complication rate of 1.6%. Still, at longterm follow up, improvement rate drops to 50% in revision cases and in patients with systemic disease (allergy, asthma). Further improvement in surgical failures can be achieved with longterm topical steroid and low-dose macrolide treatment. Conservative treatment, which includes aggressive longterm steroid and antibiotic therapy, with permanent nasal saline douches and short-term decongestants, has proved successful in half of the treated patients, yet with a shorter follow up. However, only few of clinical trials are randomized controlled trials, and placebo-controlled studies have not recognized significant advantage of any conservative treatment. The level of evidence for the treatment for pediatric sinusitis is satisfactory, and meta-analysis of conservative treatment has been cited in the Cochrane Library Database. Meta-analysis of surgical treatment for pediatric sinusitis yields a success rate of 88% with a mean follow up of 3.7 years and major complication rate of 0.6%.


It describes apparatus and method for controlling the architectural opening shield. Manually exemplary apparatus, comprising a roller tube, a motor including a motor drive shaft and the motor casing, the motor casing rotates with the roller tube, a motor, a manual control drive shaft coupled to the motor drive shaft a control, motor applies a torque to the roller tube through the rotation of the motor casing, and a manual control. .FIELD 1


In the paper, we use business service provider and service provider interchangeably. Cloud computing has become a widely used technology in recent years. An important problem in this technology is how to decide the cost of cloud computing services. Cloud computing cost models have been the subject of intensive research. Much of the published work focused on static pricing models based on service level agreements or they do not include clearly the needed brokerage services. To tackle this problem, we propose a brokerage-based dynamic model that includes service level agreements negotiation and monitoring. The model helps service providers and customers to evaluate service's performance and cost. We describe the pricing model using a Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), and present an architectural model showing the main components. We then illustrate the model using a simple example. This model focuses on monitoring and metering cloud services at run time based on current service's features which are governed by third party, broker.


Abstract The key to bio-gasification is the lignocellulosic materials provided in the herbaceous crops which are considered to be renewable energy resources. This study focuses on pretreatments of five selected biomass (barley, durum wheat, Abyssinian cabbage, rapeseed, and triticale) to be utilized for biogas production using chemical and green ZnO nanoparticles which were synthesized from durum wheat extract. The experimental tests were carried out to compare the different anaerobic digestion (AD) conversion efficiency with and without ZnO nanoparticles treatment on the biogas production yield. The total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), ash content, carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N) content of the tested biomass have been measured. The results revealed that durum wheat has the highest biogas yield of 353 mL/g VS compared with control biomass which produced only 271 mL/g VS. The highest specific biogas production was attained when the durum wheat was treated with 10 mg/L of chemical and green ZnO nanoparticles which produced 422 mL/g VS and 457 mL/g VS respectively compared with the control that produced only 353 mL/g VS. All results have a significant level of p < 0.05. Graphical Abstract Schematic diagram of the biogas production from durum wheat.


In this paper, based on a 30-story building with frame-core tube structure system, three comparative schemes are established of reinforced concrete core tube construction, steel-reinforced concrete core tube construction and the combined shear wall core tube structure with the grid-tube-type double steel plate wall with infilled concrete are established, and the dynamic elastoplastic time history is analyzed. Research shows that under the influence of a severe earthquake, the lateral strength degradation and stiffness degradation are slow on the Joint structural system of concrete filled steel tubular frame and composite shear wall core tube structure with the grid-tube-type double steel plate wall with infilled concrete, so interlayer shear force and bottom shear force increase, structural lateral stiffness increased significantly, interlayer displacement angle reduces significantly, and it improves the seismic performance of tall building.


Objective: To compare the results of laparoscopic and open cholectomy and rectomy for colon and rectal carcinoma.Methods: We compared operation safety,recovery,complications,expenditure,lymph nodes clearance and short term outcome for the two groups of patients undergoing either laparoscopic or open operation for colon and rectal carcinoma.Results: Between August 2001 and May 2003,36 patients underwent a laparoscopic cholectomy or rectomy;30 patients were treated via an open approach,4 patients in the laparoscopic group were converted to open surgery.The mean blood loss in laproscopic group 145.5±25.5ml was less than that in open group 302.5±34.5 ml.Complications were similar in the two groups(P0.05);Time to resume early activity and hospital stay in laparoscopic group were 18.2±6.2h and 10.2±2.5 days respectively,which were significantly shorter than those in open group(P 0.05).No significant difference between the two groups was observed for the lymph nodes clearance(P0.05) The mean follow up time of the two groups were 28.15 ±8.65 and 22.25 ±7.35 months,respectively.Local recurrence rate,metachronous ,metastases rate and cumulative survival probability at 3 years were similar for the two groups.Conclusion: Laparoscopic chlectomy and rectomy for colon and rectal carcinoma can be performed safely,effectively with the advantages of minimal invasiveness.


Mathematical description and algebraic interpretation of recursive algorithm in optical binary pattern processing are carried out. The recursive optoelectronic processor configuration is described.


Breast cancer affects many women, and early detection aids in fast and effective treatment. Mammography, which is currently the most popular method of breast screening, has some limitations, and microwave imaging offers an attractive alternative. The objective of this paper is to design an simple and cost effective wide slot aperture coupled patch antenna for Breast Cancer Detection. The radiation characteristics and the performance of the proposed design are compared with stacked patch method. The results of this study show that the wide-slot antenna has excellent performance across the required frequency range. This new wide slot stacked patch antenna, offers better radiation coverage to the breast.


In this paper an unique design of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) has been investigated which contains a predefined arrangements of circular and elliptical air holes. The structure has reported zero dispersion at first and second optical window. Moreover a high birefringence with low loss has also been reported. We also have studied the properties like normalized frequency for the designed fiber.


This study explored and revealed the demographic factors that influence students' environmental knowledge (EK) in Indonesia. This survey research involved 1,345 students from 15 universities across Indonesia. The research employed a validated questionnaire on EK and was modified to match the circumstances in Indonesia. The instrument consisted of six statements with five scales namely 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=indifferent, 4=agree, and 5=strongly agree. Five demographic variables were tested together to determine their effect on students' EK. Descriptive analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression were used to test the independent variables. The result of the study revealed that gender, study program, grade point average (GPA), and parents' occupation variable have an effect simultaneously on students' EK (p<.05) with a contribution of 6.2% (R square=.062), while the students' grade variable has no effect on EK (p>.05). Female students have better EK than male students (p<.05). The trend showed that the higher the GPA, the higher the EK of the student (p<.05). Hence, the trend showed that students whose parents have lower income tend to have better EK than those whose parents have higher income. Students in science education and computer course have better EK than science, non-science education, and social humanities study programs. This study implicated the importance of introducing environmental insights through education to increase students' EK in higher education.


Aortoenteric fistula is an uncommon complication of aortic reconstructive surgery; however, it carries high rates of morbidity and mortality [1 -3]. Communication of an aortic graft with the small bowel usually is associated with perigraft infection and almost always manifests as either gastrointestinal bleeding or sepsis [1 , 3]. Clinical suspicion in the appropriate setting is necessary for making the correct diagnosis and allows prompt treatment. Intramural duodenal hematoma is a well-known entity with characteristic radiologic signs [4, 5]. Hematomas are self-limited, and most spontaneously resolve in 1-2 weeks with conservative treatment of nasogastric suction and IV fluids [4, 6]. A literature review revealed no previously reported association between duodenal hematoma and AEF. We describe a case of an aortoenteric fistula causing an intramural duodenal hematoma that manifested clinically as proximal obstruction of the small bowel.


The article presents the second part of a comprehensive study of the book of memoirs by E. B. Khalezova as a work of non-fiction and a historical source. The goal is to show how the history of the family-related community of the Russian scientific intelligentsia is reconstructed in a memoir-autobiographical text. The significance of such works for the study of the history of the Russian family and the dynamics of family forms is determined. According to a number of literaryn characteristics, the work correlates with the family chronicle genre. It contains historical and biographical information about the Starynkevich and Borneman families, who were of noble origin. The history of parental and reproductive families is based on the biography of the prominent scientist I. D. Borneman-Starynkevich and the autobiography of her daughter. With all the differences, both families can be attributed to the type of "maternal family". This source contains valuable information on the history of the families of the Russian intelligentsia. It also contributes to the understanding of how various communities called "family" change during a person's life and in the course of global and local historical processes.


Two classroom case studies are used to investigate common concerns about the use and value of Science-Technology-Society (STS) themes as curriculum organizers. The author discusses the fear that a focus on STS may de-emphasize science concept learning in the overall curriculum, and suggests that this may be appropriate at the middle school level. The efforts and commentary of two teachers of seventh grade life science at different middle schools in the same large suburban district are compared and contrasted. Each teacher is constrained by conservative curriculum guidelines. One teacher chooses to adhere to the guidelines and implement STS activities in an ad hoc manner, while the other conducts a student-centered interactive STS activity. Excerpts from class discussions are provided. It is concluded that the STS activity did not result in open and critical thinking on the part of the students but rather gave students a low-level factual expertise. The author suggests that teachers should be conscious of making value judgments about their curriculum, rather than uncritically accepting broader claims for the value of STS organizers in addressing a wide variety of science learning objectives. (LZ) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original doe.ment. *****************************************1,4)c**n************************ Two cases of Implementing STS Activities in the Context of a Traditional Middle School Life Science Curriculum: Same Rules, Different Games David F. Jackson Science Education Department University of Georgia Contribution to a roundtable session presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, April 15, 199'd, Atlanta, GA. Research perspective: acknowledgment of biases The perspective I bring to this effort is that of "devil's advocate" on behalf of those who are skeptical about the value of the use of Science-TechnologySociety (STS) themes as curriculum organizers. While the theoretical value of linking science with social and technological issues is highly appealing in many ways, I share with many traditional science teachers the fear that a major focus Jn technological applications and social issues application might "water down" the science content when put into practice, e. g., as one teacher complained, It's mostly social studies with a little science thrown in....There's not enough meat....I see science as the teaching of principles and concepts, not the social skills....It's all fu,i-and-games stuff. (cited in Mitchener & Anderson, 1989, p. 363-364) In this view the extensive use of an STS focus may only be justified based on a conscious decision to de-emphasize science concept learning in the overall curriculum, e. g., as one teacher put it, The...curriculum's focus is on decision making, group skills, and science/social studies applications, rather than strict science content...We're after interaction and critical thinking: just having two "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERICI' 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educationist Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI `$This document has been reproduced as received I rom the person or organitation or it 0 MInor changes have been mode to improve reproduction Quality Points of new or opinions staled in this dOcu ment do not necessarily represent officiol OERI position or policy Same Rules, Different Game / 2 opposing views about something we discussed. (cited in Mitchener & Anderson, 1989, p. 357) My preconceived view is that this may well be appropriate at the middle school level. Indeed, it well describes my own philosophy towards college students' learning in science education courses. Teachers, however, should be conscious of making such a value judgment about their curriculum, rather than uncritically accepting broader claims for the value of STS organizers in addressing a wide variety of science learning


By algebraic group theory, there is a map from the semisimple conjugacy classes of a finite group of Lie type to the conjugacy classes of the Weyl group. Picking a semisimple class uniformly at random yields a probability measure on conjugacy classes of the Weyl group. We conjecture that this measure agrees with a second measure on conjugacy classes of the Weyl group induced by a construction of Cellini which uses the affine Weyl group. This conjecture is confirmed in special cases such as type C odd characteristic and the identity conjugacy class in type A. Models of card shuffling, old and new, arise naturally. Type A shuffles lead to interesting number theory involving Ramanujan sums. It is shown that a proof of our conjecture in type C even characteristic would give an alternate solution to a problem in dynamical systems. An idea is offered for how, at least in type A, to associate to a semisimple conjugacy class an element of the Weyl group, refining the map to conjugacy classes. This is confirmed for the simplest nontrivial example.


Wound infection is a serious consequence of burn injury. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Acticoat and silver sulphadiazine (SSD) in relation to antibiotic use during a product trial at Royal Perth Hospital (RPH) in Western Australia (WA). This investigation consisted of four periodic clinical audits (n=72) comparing SSD and Acticoat wound dressing regimens for burn injury, with the primary outcome variable being antibiotic use. Of the 72 patients audited, 81.9% were male and 18.1% female, with a mean age of 35.7 years. The most common burn agent was flame (58%); 36% had partial depth burns. The mean percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) of burn was 9.3%. Antibiotic use was prescribed for 24 (36.1%) of the 72 patients reviewed. There was a statistically significant (p=0.016) decrease (50%) of antibiotic usage with Acticoat dressings compared to SSD. The mean length of stay (LOS) for those patients receiving Acticoat showed a statistically significant decrease (p=0.045); 8.8 days compared with a LOS of 15.1 days in the SSD group. It was therefore concluded that Acticoat is a more effective dressing for reducing infection than SSD in burn wounds.


Background: For identification, stature can be estimated from body parameters using regression equation or multiplication factor. However, regression equations and multiplication factors are specific for the region only and same formulae cannot be used in all population. Aim: To formulate regression equation and multiplication factor for estimation of stature from hand length (HL) and hand breadth (HB) for a region in Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study and 400 students of three Government Medical Colleges of Maharashtra, aged 18-24 years were enrolled for the study during 2011-2013. Stature, HL, and HB were measured and subjected to statistical analysis. Unpaired t-test and simple linear regression were used. Results: Stature, HL, and HB of 400 medical students (219 males and 181 females) were measured. Subjects were divided into six groups depending upon age. Simple regression equation and multiplication factor for male and female, and for each age group were derived for estimation of stature. We found correlation coefficient (R) of 0.74 for right HL (RHL), 0.75 for left HL (LHL), 0.45 for right HB and 0.46 for left HB in male, and 0.75 for RHL, 0.74 for LHL, 0.56 for right HB and 0.55 for left HB in female by using simple regression, which showed strong correlation between stature and HL, and HB. Conclusion: Stature can be accurately estimated from HL and HB by using simple regression equation or multiplication factor.


An issue on which opinions still differ concerns the presence or absence of trade-offs between different types of manufacturing performance. In an attempt to provide some empirical evidence to resolve this argument, a recent conference paper [3] examined the relationships between different types of performance for a sample of plants in the metal/mechanical industry. The authors concluded that trade-offs between several performance types still exist. This paper provides a different interpretation of the data presented, using statistical analysis to demonstrate that the evidence for trade-offs is not significant. However, there is evidence that some types of performance are mutually supportive. The results obtained are compared with the results predicted by each of the available trade-off models and some empirical support for the sand cone model is obtained.


Summary. objective Because of an overlap between serum PTH values In healthy controls and hyperparathyroid patients we sought to evaluate a short stimulation and suppression test for differentiating the two groups.


Simosaurus is a Triassic eosauropterygian genus known from cranial and postcranial elements, found in the Middle and Upper Triassic strata of Europe and the Middle East. Simosaurus gaillardoti is currently recognised as the only valid species of the genus, identified in Ladinian strata of an area that includes northeastern France (Lorraine) and southwestern Germany (Baden-Württemberg). The remains from this area include more than 20 skulls. Although some of them were described in detail and figured by several authors since the discovery of S. gaillardoti , many others remained unpublished. Here we study and figure 25 skulls from this taxon, reviewing the previously known specimens, and presenting and analyzing numerous unpublished skulls. This significant sample of skulls from a single taxon of a European Triassic eosauropterygian allows us to recognise intraspecific variability in characters previously identified as non-variable in this species, including some that are often included in phylogenetic analyses of these reptiles. Therefore, we markedly increase our knowledge of the cranial skeleton in this taxon.


Regulations concerning the noise emission of home appliances have become stricter in recent years and this is pushing manufacturers to improve their vibroacoustic characteristics. In this regard, the reciprocating compressor, which is one of the main sources of noise and vibration in these appliances, is drawing particular attention and thus it has been investigated by many research groups aiming to reduce its vibratory energy and the noise emitted. While the compressor is operating, different mechanisms generate vibratory energy. Some of these have been extensively studied and their contribution to the overall noise is well understood. However, one of the noise and vibration sources in this type of equipment that has not been studied in depth is the electric motor. Until now, the majority of researchers dealing with the vibroacoustic problem of reciprocating compressors have considered the electric motor only as a transmission path of vibratory energy. The objective of this study was to model not only the structural behavior of the electric motor but also include the electromagnetic phenomena in order to ascertain the magnetic forces that are acting on the stator. Once these forces are obtained and validated, their influence on the overall noise of the compressor can be assessed. The finite element method was used to model both the electromagnetic and structural system. The results indicated that the magnetic forces contribute at some specific frequencies when the compression loads are considered. In cases without the load, due to the gas compression, it was observed that the magnetic excitations have a notable influence, within a wide frequency range, on the overall noise.


Ever since Post's article [12] appeared, specialists in the theory of algorithms have been interested in the possibility of constructing a "natural" class of enumerable non-recursive sets; it should be non-empty and consist entirely of Turing incomplete sets. However, it has turned out that the candidates put forward thus far, namely the classes of simple, hypersimple, hyperhypersimple and even maximal sets, all contain Turing complete sets. Degtev and Marchenko were the first to produce a natural class for the Post problem. In 1973, Degtev [2] proved that the class in question is not empty, and Marchenkov [5] proved in 1976 that there are no complete sets in it. Arslanov [1] made another example in 1985. Use was made in both examples of the concept of semirecursive set introduced by Jockusch [8] in 1968. Proofs in both cases are fairly complicated, especially that of non-emptiness. In this paper we introduce a new property of enumerable sets, which we call elasticity. This property is the (weak) effectivization of the concept of r-separability studied by Muchnik [6] and Kobzev [3]. It turns out that enumerable semirecursive non-elastic sets are non-recursive and not Turing complete. This class contains those of Degtev–Marchenkov and Arslanov, and unlike them it contains representatives of all intermediate enumerable degrees of non-recursiveness. Our class can be described in another way, and to do this we introduce the concept of weakly creative set. The class of enumerable semirecursive non-elastic sets is exactly the class of enumerable semirecursive non-recursive not weakly creative sets. All concepts not defined here are to be found in [13].


A 1-bit hybrid full adder circuit design is presented here using modified XNOR gate to improve the area and speed performance. The design is first implemented for 1-bit hybrid full adder and then is extended to the 32-bit adder. To enhance the performance of in terms of area, delay and power the combination of CMOS, CPL, and transmission gate logic is used. For the performance analysis of the proposed design; simulation is carried out in 90nm technology with 1.2v supply voltage. The simulation result for the proposed implementation of 1-bit hybrid full adder shows the area (13 transistors) and delay (5.1831nsec) reduction in comparison to the conventional hybrid 1-bit full adder.


Using a phenomenological spin hamiltonian we calculate magnetic and thennal properties in the antiferromagnetic phase which is present in a series ofborocarbides RNi 2 B 2 C (R = Gd, Ho): the :frequency co(k) and density of states of the spin wave excitations the specific heat cv(T, H) and the mean :field Neel temperature . TN. The model has three parameters: Ji, J 2 and Ha, the ferromagnetic (FM) in-plane exchange interactiot1 between first neighbors, the inter-plane antiferromagnetic (AF) exchange interaction and the anisotropic (magnetic) field. Our numerical and analitical are results ingood agreement with, respectivaly, experiments.


For any nematic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy ε α, in a homeotropic texture sandwiched between two parallel plates with a sufficiently large distance L between them, and under a square external electric field excitation E 0(t) = ±E 0 and a static magnetic field H perpendicular to the plates, the applied external voltage V at the threshold of the electrohydrodynamic instability and the square S 2 of the quantity S = qL/π are linear functions of the Fréedericksz transition voltage V F . Here π/L is equal to the wave number of the distortion along the Z‐axis perpendicular to the walls and q is the wave number of distortion along any X‐direction perpendicular to the Z‐axis. S 2 is also a linear function of voltage V. The two lines V F (V F) and V(V F) intersect at a value of voltage V 0 such that V = V F  = V 0, which depends only on frequency. With experimental measurements around the point V 0, one may compute the ratio of the elastic constants, K 11/K 33 where K 11 and K 33 are the splay and bend elastic constants, respectively, and by combining the slopes of the two lines S 2(V F) and S 2(V), one may obtain an estimate of the ratio of the dielectric constants ε∥/ε⊥.


A known result holds that capital taxes should be high in the short run and low or zero in the long-run steady state. This paper studies the dynamics of optimal capital taxation during the transition, when a high rate is no longer optimal but the economy is still in flux. The main result is that capital should be taxed whenever the sum of the elasticities of marginal utility with respect to consumption and labor supply are rising and subsidized whenever this sum is falling. If the utility function displays increasing relative risk aversion, this paradoxically implies that capital should be taxed when the capital stock is below the modified golden-rule level and subsidized whenever it exceeds this level. Thus, savings incentives sometimes can be more desirable when the capital stock is large than when it is small.


Introduction 1. Teleology, Platonic and Aristotelian David Sedley 2. Biology and metaphysics in Aristotle Robert Bolton 3. The unity and purpose of On the Parts of Animals I James G. Lennox 4. An Aristotelian puzzle about definition: Metaphysics Z.12 Alan Code 5. Unity of definition in Metaphysics H.6 and Z.12 Mary Louise Gill 6. Definition in Aristotle's Posterior Analytics Pierre Pellegrin 7. Male and female in Aristotle's Generation of Animals Aryeh Kosman 8. Metaphysics THETA. 7 and 8: some issues concerning actuality and potentiality David Charles 9. Where is the activity? Sarah Broadie 10. Political community and the highest good John M. Cooper Publications of Allan Gotthelf.


Leadership, like beauty, is difficult to describe, but you know it when you see it. This intangible aspect of leadership has often led to the unfortunate perception that it is like perfect pitch—you either have it or you do not and, consequently, it cannot be learned. While the study of leadership is not an exact science (as evidenced by the many different styles of effective leaders) and there is no clear-cut algorithm for everyone to follow, the critical ingredients of leadership can be learned. Leadership means responsibility, not privilege. It is not restricted to individuals in positions of high authority. It is not a position; it is a collection of practices and behaviors, a set of skills. Leaders do not possess special powers and many of them are not charismatic. Anyone willing to put forth the effort and who cares enough to make a difference can develop leadership qualities and become an effective leader. University surgeons, including those in training, are exposed to an environment that is rich in leadershiplearning opportunities. The surgical residency confers increasing responsibility with time and the occasion for senior house officers to mentor junior residents, develop expertise, build credibility, and foster an esprit de corps. The structure of the department of surgery provides the younger faculty an opportunity to learn about fiscal issues and develop management skills. The rapidly evolving health care climate requires that we revisit our values and our purpose, question the status quo, build for the future, and enroll our constituents and inspire them. These challenges are the substance of leadership. They are opportunities that should be leveraged. When experience is combined with formal educational programs and excellent role models, a superb environment for learning to lead is created. Unfortunately, superlative leadership is conspicuously absent in many departments. It is not that the senior leaders lack expertise or credibility. It is not that they do not understand where the department needs to go. It is not even that they sometimes fail to appreciate the contributions of their people. It is that they do not devote enough of their time ensuring that leaders are built from their core of young people. This is partly because other more important issues consume their time. It is also because leadership development is not a high priority. The priorities are developing clinicians and investigators. Excellent clinical surgeons and superb surgical scientists are not necessarily great leaders. Many people assume that leadership skills will be automatically learned on the job through trial and error as the individual takes on new duties and responsibilities. Their theory of professional development assumes that learning to lead is like learning to walk— eventually it will happen and intervention is meddlesome. However, this learning process should not occur without guidance. A poor performance might be interpreted as a lack of leadership talent rather than the need for tutelage. As young leaders acquire experience, they need to be coached and mentored. They need to be managed like a long-term investment. What, in the long run, is more important than building for the future? What is more important than our young people—our most valuable asset? They are the future leaders of American surgery.


Five sets of transparencies were received for purposes of r eview from the Lansford Publishing Company, P.O. Box 8711, San Jose, CA 95155. For a more complete list of subject offerings, the reader is r eferred to the "Bibliography on Audio-Visual Materials for Statistical Education" in the May 1976 issue of The American Statistician (pp. 91-96), or directly to the publishers. The quoted prices are those listed in the 1977-78 audio-visual catalog of the Lansford Publishing Company, and therefore reflect price changes made since the compilation of the bibliography. A brief description of each of these five transparency sets is given in this review.


Topicality. The immigration attractiveness of the developed world is forcing governments to resort to new digital security and control systems based on artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive analytics and automated decision-making systems to help destination and countries of origin prevent a storm of global migration imbalances and high levels of migration. migratory pressure.
Migration policy in many countries, including the EU, is increasingly based on artificial intelligence systems, such as face recognition, the use of algorithms to create immigrant profiles, or as a forecasting tool in migration management processes, including forced deportation planning. Experts on migration issues around international migration policy are divided into two camps: supporters and opponents of the use of new technologies. Proponents are of the opinion that artificial intelligence technology can innovate, reduce costs and build more effective systems for managing international migration by deepening existing asymmetries between states at the international level, modernization of traditional practices of states and international organizations, strengthening current calls for more effective migration management and border security. Opponents of technological innovations in international migration policy hold somewhat different positions, expressing skepticism about new initiatives. Considering that such use of technology may violate the right to data protection, confidentiality, the right to non-discrimination and several principles of international migration law, including the right to apply for asylum. However, the mission of using artificial intelligence is to improve the work of migration services and to protect recipient countries from excess unwanted labor.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to review foreign initiatives, identify the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial intelligence in international migration policy.
Research results. Optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the use of "smart applications" are substantiated and the experience of advanced countries in the introduction of technological experiments in international migration policy is considered. The main prospects and negative aspects of innovation implementation are identified. The importance of further research on this issue is proved.
Conclusion. The research results show the positive experience of the world's leading countries, which have successfully implemented technological innovations in their migration policies, thus consolidating leading positions in the international arena, which will be at the forefront of global efforts to manage migration in the coming years. At the same time, the analysis showed that countries with less advanced technological means can be further separated from the global migration race.


In this paper,on the base of Aspen plus software,a 600 MW power plant with CaO-based CO_2 capture process is simulated and the effects of key parameters on the absorption system performance are investigated.The effects of the waste heat utilization by HRSG on the overall system performance is analyzed and the plant performances when using three different live steam parameters such as 25 MPa,566/566℃:28 MPa,580/580℃and 30 MPa.600/600℃are compared. The results show the system efficiency only decreases about 5 percentage points if utilizing the waste heat rationally after capturing CO_2.The research achievements of this paper will provide a useful reference for CO_2 capture from the coal fired power plant.


The interframe (IFI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) of a symbol-differential autocorrelation receiver (SD-ACR) for an impulse radio ultra wideband (IR UWB) system in a multipath channel is evaluated. The system can be modelled as a nonlinear filter with respect to the input data sequence. The filter's coefficients are random variables for which we derive an accurate statistical description up to the second moments. The analysis shows the presence of a bias term, that makes the optimum decision threshold different from zero. The results obtained in this paper provide a good understanding of the performance degradation due to ISI and IFI and they show the impact on system design. Analytical results, confirmed by simulations point out a new concept for the pulse positioning within the symbol interval, and the transmission of one pulse per symbol emerges as the optimum choice for the single user case. Simulated results for the noise-free ideal environment confirm the influence of the system parameters in terms of BER and provide a measure of the achievable bit rate as a function of the channel RMS delay spread.


Problems of industrial air and water pollution in Finland are outlined with regard to the removal and recovery of sulfur dioxide from flue gases from industrial and power plants. Sulfur dioxide, generated in large quantities by thermal power plants and sulfuric acid production plants, is absorbed in sodium sulfite solution in the Wellman-Lord process on the basis of the sodium sulfite-disulfite cycle. Sodium sulfite is regenerated, while the residual SO/sub 2/ released during regeneration is recirculated within Claus equipment or in separate sulfuric acid production facilities.


Hardy spaces on homogeneous groups were introduced and studied by Folland and Stein [3]. The purpose of this note is to show that duals of Hardy spaces Hp , 0 < p ≤ 1, on homogeneous groups can be identified with Morrey–Campanato spaces. This closes a gap in the original proof of this fact in [3]. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


2011 witnessed the 35th anniversary of Tang Shan earthquake.The paper investigates the citizens' disaster consciousness on earthquake of Tang Shan by questionnaire and tries to analyze whether the educational background has influence on the citizens' disaster consciousness on earthquake.As it is shown by the results of the investigation that the citizens in Tang Shan are lack of scientific understanding about the earthquake,are weak in disaster consciousness on earthquake and the educational background has a certain influence on the citizens' disaster consciousness on earthquake.


The substorm-related chorus event (SCE) is a recognised VLF signature of the substorm expansion phase. Simulations support the contention that these events are generated by cyclotron resonance between whistler mode waves and energetic electrons which drift into a station's field of view from an injection site around midnight. . A typical SCE is shown in Fig. 1(a). These events are predominantly detected in the midnight-dawn local time sector during periods of moderate to high geomagnetic activity. Observations of SCE's have been documented at a number of high-latitude stations including Halley, Siple, Roberval and SANAE; they have been recorded simultaneously at conjugate stations as well as by satellites near geosynchronous orbits. The SCE is thought to arise from cyclotron resonance between whistler mode waves and energetic electrons injected into the inner magnetosphere at the onset of the magnetospheric substorm expansion phase. The guiding-centre motion of these particles is influenced by energy-dependent drift (due to the gradient and curvature in ) and energy-independent drift, where is the dawn-dusk convection electric field. The former disperses the particles in energy, resulting in progressively higher resonance frequencies as lower energy particles enter the station's field of view. In addition, the drift, which has an inward radial component in the midnight-dawn sector, causes particles to drift to lower , resulting in higher upper cutoff frequencies for ducted whistler mode waves. MODELLING A simulation of particles moving under the combined drift motions mentioned above has been constructed. The magnetic field is represented as a dipole, which is not an unreasonable approximation during substorm expansion for the range of under consideration. Particle tracks are started on an empirical injection boundary (1). Data from the SOPA and MPA instruments on LANL geosynchronous satellites are used to estimate the injection time and parameters for the distribution used to sample initial particle energy. Frequencies are calculated for Doppler-shifted electron cyclotron resonance, and only those which lie below half the local electron gyrofrequency are retained. CONCLUSION


Mass transport in reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes in flow by mode has been studied with the cathodic deposition of copper as a model reaction. Two methods characterizing mass transport are being compared. The first one relies on determination of the electrorecovery kinetics under mass-transfer limiting conditions in galvanostatic mode. The second method is the determination of the limiting current by a linear potential sweep technique. This technique has been modified to allow for a more unambiguous limiting current determination. In some cases, the modified linear sweep technique can also be used to measure the influence of a gaseous reaction side products on mass transport.


The performances and stability of implantable microelectrodes for chronic neural stimulation heavily depends on the electrode surface materials. In this paper, we proposed that platinum (Pt) gray/iridium oxide (IrOx) and IrOx/Pt gray composite could be electroplated on the surface of Pt electrode. The surface morphologies of microelectrodes with four different electroplating methods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Consequently, the Pt microelectrode coated with IrOx showed dendritic morphology while the one with Pt gray coating appeared granular. The electrochemical performances of these electrodes were measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests, showing that Pt microelectrode decorated with IrOx/Pt gray had the best electrochemical characteristics and long-term stability.


We used structural equation modeling to test client meaningful experiences in counseling and the therapeutic working alliance (TWA) as predictors of affective distress, controlling for clients' age, gender, race and ethnicity, and length of counseling relationship. In a sample of 306 adult clients engaging in counseling, we a found statistically significant relationship between client meaningful experiences in counseling and the TWA (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). There was a significant and negative direct effect from client meaningful experiences in counseling to affective distress (β = −0.45, p < 0.001). However, we did not find a significant direct effect of the TWA on affective distress (β = −0.00, p = 0.97). Implications for counselors, supervisors, and counselor educators are discussed.


A project template information management database 1 of a planning operation management support system includes: database groups from 20 to 23 saving setting information of planning operations performed in the past, names of process flows in the respective layers (task name), lead times (lead time) required for the respective process flows (task), and dependency relations between the process flows (task), as templates by the respective customers; a result database 15 storing trading results with customers in the past; and a calendar database 16 storing calendar information setting actual working days when workers in charge of the respective process flows carry on a work, and holidays. A client terminal 4 includes: an input device 35 inputting new project names, customer names, and delivery dates; and a CPU 41 calling a corresponding customer's template from the project template information management database 1 by inputting the customer name, the name of the new project, and the delivery date, creating a new project information, and displaying the Gantt chart on the screen.


The type of mower used can affect turfgrass quality. Mowing can affect height uniformity and can cause tip
shredding and/or browning of the turf. The mowing performances of rotary and flail mowers were compared on 11 warmseason
turfgrasses. Standard Y-shaped blades and experimental T-shaped blades were used on the flail mower.
Turfgrass quality at a 33-mm cutting height was better with the flail mower than with the rotary mower. No
improvement in turf quality was seen with experimental T-shaped blades compared with Y-shaped blades. The best
turfgrass quality obtained at a 33-mm cut was only marginal for a home lawn and inadequate for high-maintenance turf
such as golf greens or even fairways.
Turfgrass quality at a 76-mm cutting height was superior with the rotary mower. The quality was improved
significantly at the higher cut with the rotary mower, but the flail mower yielded the same quality of cut at either height.
Leaf tearing at 76 mm was worse with T-shaped flail blades and least with the rotary mower.


The essence of the final imperial examination is confirming the result of the metropolitan examination and fulfilling the form of the emperor's selecting talented peoples, through which the successful candidate in the highest final examination are divided into three grade according to achievements and arranged the name of the final three place of the first rate. However the artificially factor take considerable effect on the course of selection. The candidates in the highest final examination in the first rate, especially, many of the Number one scholars are famous for their academic achievement and moral conduct, written into the annals of history as the integrity subject.


Background: Nonapneic, oxyhemoglobin desaturation associated with sleep has been described in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hypoxemia stimulates endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. Once released, ET-1 can act locally to elicit sustained pulmonary artery vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction and activation of alveolar macrophages. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine a possible correlation between ET-1 levels and nocturnal, nonapneic, oxyhemoglobin desaturation during sleep, in patients with COPD. Methods: We examined 48 COPD patients with formal polysomnography (EEG, ECG, airflow, respiratory muscle movement, oximeter) to detect the presence of nocturnal, nonapneic, oxyhemoglobin desaturation. Twelve of them were disqualified because of inadequate sleep or sleep apnea syndrome. Nineteen of them desaturated below a baseline sleep saturation of 90% for 5 min or more, reaching a nadir saturation of at least 85%. We collected arterial samples to measure ET-1 levels, after 5 min of the first period of desaturation, in each of the 19 patients. We also collected arterial samples in the morning, before the study, to measure baseline ET-1 levels in all patients. Results: Baseline arterial ET-1 levels during the day were very significantly higher in 'desaturator' COPD patients (2.058 ± 0.252 pg/ml) compared to 'non-desaturator' COPD patients (1.382 ± 0.159 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Also in 'desaturator' COPD patients ET-1, levels during the night were significantly higher (4.297 ± 1.107 pg/ml) compared to those during the day (p ≤ 0.001) and a significant negative correlation was observed between ET-1 levels and degree of desaturation (p < 0.0001, r = 0.9305). Conclusions: According to our study we can conclude that (1) ET-1 levels are significantly higher in 'desaturator' COPD patients both during the day and during the night, and (2) ET-1 levels correlate negatively significant with the degree of the oxyhemoglobin desaturation. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that ET-1 plays a very important role in the pathophysiological manifestations of COPD patients.


The purpose of this paper is to find the shrub species more suitable to enhance the structural stability of the ecological slope in the study area. Through the investigation, we found three common shrubs, there are Amorpha fruticosa Linn. (AFL), Syringa oblata Lindl. (SOL) and Forsythio mandshurica Uyeki. (FMU). In this study, the root system traits and mechanical properties were characterized and described using reliable experimental approaches. The results shown that the root withdrawal force was proportional to diameter (from 0.6-6 mm). The mean specific root length, individual length, surface area, and mean diameter of fine roots in different slopes were higher for AFL and SOL than for FMU, especially for high root orders. Although previous studies have focused on the relevant content, the reinforcement ability of different shrubs is rarely quantitatively compared under the same road conditions. Moreover, the morphology traits of the fine root were considered in this study. These results suggested that the root system traits and mechanical properties of AFL would enable more effective consolidated slopes structure than SOL and FMU, revealing that planting AFL might be a better way for enhancing ecological slope structure stability. doi: 10.5829/ije.2022.35.02b.04


Based on workpiece step transmission driving mechanism by motor drive,the research is focus mainly on application of the rotary key clutch technology for crank press to achieve reliably driving power separation or junction between driving and driven components in workpiece step transmission driving mechanism,to clarify its operational reliability and practicability and to work out error analysis,to solve the problem involved in step transmission of workpiece in production sites where there are multi-procedures,heavy loads and a long transmission distance,thus to meet the practical demands on step transmission of workpiece in continuous automatic production.


We are concerned with the behavior of the polynomial maps $F=(P,Q)$ of $\mathbb{C}^2$ with finite fibres and satisfying the condition that all of the curves $aP+bQ=0$, $(a:b)\in \mathbb{P}^1$, are irreducible rational curves. The obtained result shows that such polynomial maps $F$ is invertible if $(0,0)$ is a regular value of $F$ or if the Jacobian condition holds.


Owing to an increase in mobile devices and the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile traffic has increased exponentially. Consequently, a wide range of research on handover has been conducted to provide mobile device users with stable network quality. Most research on handover uses a network-dependent method that establishes a new protocol or a method that can refine handover time; however, these methods are difficult to apply because they necessitate network-level changes or they are unable to reduce the fundamental delay that occurs in handover, respectively. This paper suggests a simple and powerful handover scheme based on Multi-Radio Access Technology (Multi-RAT) as well as a method to efficiently use Multi-RAT when handover is not required. This method uses a Multi-RAT terminal equipped with a motion sensor. If a terminal motion exists, the active link and standby link of the mobile node enhance handover performance through data transfer and sensing, respectively. If the node is stationary, its transfer throughput is increased through Carrier Aggregation (CA). In this study, we build a testbed to enable handover based on the aforementioned mechanism and assess the performance of the proposed method through an experiment.


Strengthening the Marxist religious education in the civilian-run colleges and universities is the important task for them and the important measure to carry out the concerned religious polices and laws and the important way for civilian-run colleges and universities to preventing religion infiltration and to promote the healthy growth of the students.Under the basis of study from strengthening the teacher training,perfecting the thought political lesson teaching,opening cases teaching elective courses,expanding the channels of quality education,carrying out advisory answer activities,we have explored the religious education in civilian-run colleges and universities.In the practice and exploration we have discovered that the support and collaboration from various respects,the perfecting of the thought political teaching and the student management work,elective courses related to region,the rich and varied cultural life on campus are the active factors for promoting the smooth development of religious education;The lack of the necessary communication with the professional teachers,the short of the humanities qualities of teachers and the lack of preventing and resisting the religious infiltration measures are the important challenges faced by the religious education of civilian-run colleges and universities.


The present study investigated the use of snow melting machines by community groups responsible for snow removal during periods of heavy snowfall. Snow melting was carried out using two types of snow melting machines installed at public facilities in the city of Tokamachi, which was hit by heavy snowfall in 2006. Data regarding the efficiency and cost of snow melting was collected and analyzed. The results showed that the use of snow melting machines is efficient and cost effective for snow removal during heavy snowfall.