Flight operations and the preparation for it has become increasingly complex as mission complexities increase. Further, the mission model dictates that a significant increase in flight operations activities is upon us. Finally, there is a need for process improvement and economy in the operations arena. It is therefore time that we recognize flight operations as a complex process requiring a defined, structured, and life cycle approach vitally linked to space segment, ground segment, and science operations processes. With this recognition, an FOT Tool Kit consisting of six major components designed to provide tools to guide flight operations activities throughout the mission life cycle was developed. The major components of the FOT Tool Kit and the concepts behind the flight operations life cycle process as developed at NASA's GSFC for GSFC-based missions are addressed. The Tool Kit is therefore intended to increase productivity, quality, cost, and schedule performance of the flight operations tasks through the use of documented, structured methodologies; knowledge of past lessons learned and upcoming new technology; and through reuse and sharing of key products and special application programs made possible through the development of standardized key products and special program directories.


The present invention discloses a novel phenoxy ester coordinating transition metal organic complex olefin polymerization catalyst system and its applications. The catalytic system comprising (A) formula (Ⅰ) a transition metal organic complexes and (B) a main group metal compounds, organoaluminoxane, ionizable ionic compound. The organic transition metal complex is a complex of the general formula (Ⅰ) a, wherein M is one or more of the Periodic Table Ⅳ, Ⅴ Ⅷ transition metal elements or subgroups, m is 1-3 an integer, n being a number satisfying a valence of M, X is a halogen, alkoxy or the like; Rl is C1-20 alkyl or C6-20 aryl group or a substituted aryl group, the same or different from R2-R5, is selected from from hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, silyl and the like. The catalytic system of the present invention has high catalytic activity, good thermal stability and copolymerizing ability, etc., may catalyze olefin polymerization and copolymerization, various polymerization methods can be used.


Cassava is a very important crop in Nigeria based on its extensive use especially as a staple food and because of the export demand of some of its products such as chips and pellets, enabling it to be an agricultural foreign exchange earner and contributor to the nation's gross domestic product. This study analyzed the supply response of cassava chips in Oyo State of Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) cassava chips suppliers in the study area. A well designed interview schedule was used to collect the necessary data from respondents. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. The result revealed that cassava chips business is a profitable one with a benefit- cost ratio of 2.85 and a net return of #503,700.01 per hectare of cassava tubers processed into chips and marketed. The regression analysis revealed that factors affecting the quantity of cassava chips supplied by respondents include quantity of cassava harvested per hectare, market price per kilogram of cassava chips, revenue obtained from cassava chips, cost of processing cassava tubers to chips and per hectare cost of cassava tubers production. The study recommended that the government should intensify effort in training cassava farmers on how to improve on quality of cassava chips produced so as to attract better price at the international market.


In late 2019, a novel Coronavirus was detected in Wuhan city of China, giving rise to the catastrophic pandemic that is still rampant today. Initially, the worst-hit districts were put under lockdown, which then extended to cities and eventually whole countries. Travel of people, along with logistics of goods and services, were (and still are) severely affected. Most nations of the world urged their citizens to stay indoors so as to avoid exposure to the virus, and thus remain infection-free. One of the demographics that are negatively affected by the lockdown measures is the students and researchers. Numerous universities around the world had to shut their premises at short notice, thus prompting a rapid shift from in-classroom education to online education, a transition that normally would take decades to happen. In particular, students received their classes through digital platforms, which included Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Skype, etc., whereas the researchers adopted tele-working. Although this strategy employed by universities is effective in curbing the further spread of the virus, it has some unintended consequences. Firstly, owing to the uncertainly regarding the end date for the current coronavirus pandemic, millennials and freshmen are unsure about their immediate enrolment in their chosen courses and programmes. For example, the University of Ohio in USA and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom will hold online classes for the upcoming fall and until the summer of 2021, respectively. This is particularly disheartening for international students, who are anticipating an active academic experience that includes campus life, engagement in classrooms, obtaining in-person feedback from lecturers, bonding and networking in cafes, etc. Secondly, and more importantly, students whose programmes warrant undertaking a significant amount of laboratory work are stressed about the stagnant nature of their research. While a few fields of study can be conducted on a digital platform, experimental research requires the presence of the person in laboratories for a substantial amount of time. Biocomposite education is at its core an experimental one, which includes the design of the biocomposite, preparation of raw materials, fabrication and manufacturing, prototyping, and finally testing and characterisation. Therefore, it is critical to identify some effective means to propagate biocomposites education during pandemics, wherein students and researchers are confined to quarantines. In other words, educators should create paths for effective learning in the biocomposite field in a distanced education system via alternative routes and remote controlled laboratories and equipment. In light of the aforementioned, five strategies could be adopted by the students and researchers to sustain biocomposites education and learning during viral outbreaks and disruptions. The first strategy, which is one of the most obvious ones, is to bolster the theoretical knowledge regarding composite science and technology. Often, a student or a researcher learns on the job, i.e., learning by doing. While this is imperative to activate the psychomotor taxonomic domain, the cognitive domain can be made robust by indulging in the comprehension of background knowledge regarding various scientific phenomena and engineering concepts [1]. Although a student can progress through his/her


By using the theory of diagonally dominant matrices,we discuss the relations for α-diagonally dominant matrices. We give an equivalence representation for strictly double α1-diagonally dominant matrices. As its application,we obtain some criteria for nonsingular H-matrices. Meanwhile,the corresponding algorithm is given. The numerical results show the effciency of the proposed criteria.


Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654) was an English physician, herbalist, botanist and astrologer. He lived at a time when these fields overlapped to a considerable extent, and unlike many of his contemporaries he took an empirical approach to the healing enterprise, cataloguing medicinal plant and their effects for himself rather than appealing to tradition. Recent commentators have placed Culpeper in the context of a radical democratization of medical knowledge and authority (Woolley, 2004).

Culpeper's works have all been immensely …


support from women school trustees, a number of women's groups, the Toronto District Labour Council, and even the conservative Globe and Mail. In other words, resistance by women teachers was not necessarily covert and informal. Nor, apparently, was it radical dissenters unable to succeed within the system who necessarily carried out such protest. (129) The book also underplays changes in the approach to race and ethnicity taken by both school officials and teachers during the 1940s and 1950s, in large part because it employs a binary white/ coloured analytical framework. In fact, racial classification in mid-20th-century Canada was more complex. Women of colour were clearly perceived as being on the lowest ranks of the racial hierarchy. However, people of southern and eastern European descent (Jews among them) were also viewed as inferior to AngloCanadians and northern Europeans, and in many parts of Canada they found it difficult to obtain positions as teachers. The 1940s and 1950s witnessed highly publicized campaigns against racist discrimination – many of them initiated by members of these marginalized groups. Thanks to their efforts, experimental programs intended to eliminate racism were introduced in Canadian schools. At the same time, teachers from these groups were entering the profession in growing numbers. One suspects that their understanding of democracy was far more attuned to the goals and needs of minority group members than that of the educational officials and interviewees whose views Llewellyn examines. Carmela Patrias Brock University John Peters, ed., Boom, Bust and Crisis: Labour Corporate Power and Politics in Canada (Winnipeg and Halifax: Fernwood Publishing 2012)


ABSTRACT Jet impingement onto a flat surface is considered, and the influence of the geometric configurations of conical and annular nozzles on the flow structure, heat transfer rates, and skin friction are examined in relation to laser machining applications. The governing equations of flow are solved numerically using a control-volume approach. Four cone angles of each nozzle are accommodated while keeping the nozzle height and exit area the same in the simulations, in accordance with laser machining applications. Jet emerging from the pipe and impinging onto a flat plate is accommodated to compare the flow and heat transfer characteristics due to the jet emerging from the nozzles. It is found that nozzle cone angles have significant effect on the flow structure in the region close to the flat plate, which in turn modify the heat transfer rates from the plate surface. Moreover, increasing cone angle results in radial acceleration of the flow in both the viscous sublayer and the turbulent boundary layer, which, in turn, enhances the heat transfer rates considerably as compared to a pipe flow situation.


Human resource management in Australia has been doing very well despite the global financial meltdown and recession of the economy. High-quality labour has been very much in demand and employees have been able to pick and choose; and the current economic conditions have created several opportunities for employers, which are highlighted.


s: Xylose is widespread in forest and agricultural residues. Xylose can be fermented to ethanol, it is effective exploitation of renewable materials. The microbes and metabolic engineering of xylose utilising recombinant strains and research progress were reviewed.


The compact difference scheme for two dimensional Boussinesq equation is given on a staggered grid.This scheme could reach fourth-order accuracy in space by only using three grid points.Using the compact difference scheme,the propogation of nonlinear wave in shallow water has been simulated.The mathematical model of this paper has also been used to simulate the diffraction of the linear and nonlinear wave,and the effect of nonlinearity on wave diffraction was studied.


Little positive correlation exists between teacher performance, or value-added teacher assessment, and student achievement (Darling-Hammond, 2014; Harris, Ingle, & Rutledge, 2014). "Thus, evaluation in its current form, often contributes little ... to teacher learning..." (Darling -Hammond, 2014, p. 1). Minnici (2014) summarizes "teachers are the most important in school factors that influence student achievement" (p. 1) and yet she questions whether the current systems of teacher evaluation improve teaching practices and engages teachers in necessary, continued professional development and growth during their careers. Additionally, Nolan and Hoover (2008) express concern about the current practice of ill-defined, mixed use of teacher evaluation and supervision used to enhance teaching performance. These authors are emphatic that this trend will not improve teaching or student achievement unless there is clear differentiation of the processes of evaluation and supervision as they are intended. With the advent of Race to the Top grants and waivers, teacher evaluation evolved quickly into an unprecedented accountability requirement for the states to receive federal funding (National Center for Education and Economy, 2014). Across the nation, state departments rushed to increase efforts to design and implement teacher evaluation systems (Performance Evaluation Reform Act, 2010). But most recently, with the reauthorization of No Child Left Behind, and the signing of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) into law, federal involvement in teacher evaluation may have come to an end. The new law does not require states to set up teacher evaluation systems based primarily on student test scores (Sawchuk, 2016). Lack of evidence to date that these systems have not yielded significant teaching nor student improvement has not gone unnoticed. Little positive correlation exists between teacher performance, or valueadded teacher assessment, and student achievement (Darling-Hammond, 2014; Harris, Ingle, & Rutledge, 2014). "Thus, evaluation in its current form, often contributes little ... to teacher learning..." (Darling -Hammond, 2014, p. 1). Minnici (2014) summarizes "teachers are the most important in school factors that influence student achievement" (p. 1) and yet she questions whether the current systems of teacher evaluation improve teaching practices and engages teachers in necessary, continued professional development and growth during their careers. Additionally, Nolan and Hoover (2008) express concern about the current practice of ill-defined, mixed use of teacher evaluation and supervision used to enhance teaching performance. These authors are emphatic that this trend will not improve teaching or student achievement unless there is clear differentiation of the processes of evaluation and supervision as they are intended. 1 Rieckhoff and Damore: Beyond Charlotte: Reflection for Continuous Improvement Published by Scholar Commons, 2017 Teacher evaluation has been an area of interest particularly when training preservice teachers in the field as they are developing content and pedagogical skills. In an effort to build upon their successes and help them develop, the notion of a summative tool was replaced with other formative tools. In our universitybased Professional Development School (PDS) work (Damore, Kapustka, & McDevitt, 2011; Kapustka & Damore, 2012; Damore & Kapustka, 2007), we, the university faculty and PDS school liaisons, questioned the validity of the use of a traditional, college of education prescribed, checklist-based performance assessment as an effective evaluation of student teachers. Concerns focused specifically on the structure and content of the supervisory feedback conference and perceived limitations for yielding improvement in the student teacher's growth and development. Specifically, the researchers wondered if the traditional assessment model yielded changes to teacher practice. Was the model helpful in teachers learning a process for self-reflection or was it dependent upon who was giving the feedback and how it was delivered? In the context of this universityschool partnership, and its focus on critical-collaborative inquiry, one of the innovations attempted was a unique, structured post-observation interview protocol designed to be used after each formal observation of a student teacher by the university supervisor. The post observation conference was selected and targeted as the ideal setting for debriefing on lessons and guiding the teacher to reflect upon what her intentions were, versus what actually occurred during the lesson and what might be improved in the future. The hypothesis was that preservice teachers with a more collaborative, supervisory feedback model, inviting their participation, self-assessment and reflection would support an improved process of self-understanding, and thus improvement of practice. The protocol was designed in response to concerns about the unstructured nature of the observation conferences, and written after reviewing the Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) standards (1992), National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) principles (1987), and National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) standards (2001) for professional development schools. The literature review yielded an eight question interview protocol that focused on 5 domains: curriculum, differentiation, evidence of student learning, communication and professionalism, and reflective practice/inquiry. The protocol was utilized by several supervising faculty members, assigned to the PDS schools in the network, and was administered four times throughout the student teaching experience. Four times per year was dictated by the university but continues as the model today. Feedback from faculty and teacher candidates, at that time, was positive and transformational. That is, teachers were able to make their own connections and see where and why lessons had been successful or not. Additionally, they 2 Journal of Practitioner Research, Vol. 2 [2017], Iss. 1, Art. 2 https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jpr/vol2/iss1/2 DOI:
http://doi.org/10.5038/2379-99126.96.36.1994
 linked prior learning from professional development experiences and mentors to specific aspects of their teaching. They were able to contextualize the lesson and provide the background with which they operate in their classrooms. They shared ah-ha moments along the way as they made these connections. We observed and documented improved outcomes of teaching and learning (Kapustka & Damore, 2012). Overall, participatory experiences yielded a different lens to shape the structure of supervisory feedback to establish a meaningful, supervisory relationship between supervisor and supervisee (Damore & Mulvey, 2009). Our work has since transcended from the original student teacher audience to the use of the protocol by principals with practicing teachers. Research is currently in process to examine the effect of this inquiry based supervision model. The purpose of this paper is to broaden and connect the researchers' theoretical framework grounded in best practices in teaching and practitioner based inquiry to literature on purposes and qualities of effective supervision to promote professional learning and growth for teachers. Teacher Evaluation versus Supervision Teacher evaluation determines the effectiveness of a teacher's competence, typically yielding a summative rating at the end of the process. Models of teacher evaluation are designed to ensure all teachers achieve minimum competency; to ensure children are learning and ensure schools are meeting their goals for educating its citizens. Evaluation results lead to rehiring and retention decisions. In contrast, supervision is a process focused on improving teacher competence or teacher practice. Sergiovanni and Starratt (2007) posit "the purpose of supervision is to help increase the opportunity and capacity of schools to contribute more effectively to students' academic success." "The purpose is to promote teacher growth beyond the teacher's current level of performance" (Nolan & Hoover, p. 8). Supervision should precede evaluation if we practice what we preach and want teachers to become better practitioners, and influence student achievement (Danielson, 2011; Aseltine, Faryniarz & RigazioDiGilio, 2006). Evaluation and supervision are different and have become mistakenly interchangeable as a result of school structure, accountability pressures and limited resources. Historically, the roles within supervision and evaluation have not changed greatly over the course of the past hundred years. First represented by the inspectorial model, processes for teacher improvement changed dramatically with the infusion of more humanistic strategies, coined as clinical supervision in the 1960's by Cogan (1973) and Goldhammer (1969). With the wide use of Madeline Hunter's model of lesson design in the 1970's, which represented a hybrid of the 3 Rieckhoff and Damore: Beyond Charlotte: Reflection for Continuous Improvement Published by Scholar Commons, 2017 two previous models, a shift on the continuum reverted to a teacher evaluation tool. In the late 1980's and 1990's, reflective and developmental models emerged to counteract Hunter's model (Glickman, Gordan, & Ross-Gordan, 2013). Today, the standard used across this country is Danielson's Framework for Teaching, a research-based set of components of instruction, aligned to the INTASC standards (2002), and grounded in a constructivist view of learning and teaching. While this model represents a well-defined measure of teaching and learning, its implementation is far from the purpose of supervision of teachers to improve their practice. (Danielson Group, 2015). The Danielson framework, in its current configuration, has been widely distributed and adopted by state boards of education throughout the n


We analyze two market mechanisms for energy storage investment and operation: first, socially optimal storage investment with centralized operation, second, profit-maximizing storage investment with deregulated operation. For mechanism i), under which a social planner centrally optimizes storage investment and operation (in both energy and regulation markets), we prove that the revenue collected from storage operation exactly covers the investment and operation cost at a social optimum. For mechanism ii), where a profit maximizing firm strategically determines the siting and sizing of batteries, we evaluate two financial incentive mechanisms that encourage energy storage investment by offering a tax credit based on the installed storage capacity and the amount of energy delivered from the storage, respectively. When the storage capital cost is mid-range, these two policies are shown to achieve higher installed storage capacity and lower social cost compared to the case without such incentives. When the capital cost is high, however, these two policies can lead to over-investment and higher social cost.


A strategy for playing the game of roulette is presented in this paper. The strategy is based on the same probabilistic argument that leads to the well-known Birthday Paradox in Probability theory. Following the strategy, a player will have a positive expected gain per spin as well as in the long run despite the fact that the pay-off ratios in roulette favor the House.


This article discusses a short term service-learning initiative developed by the Center for Community Health and Service Learning (CCHSL) at Morehouse School of Medicine, exploring how extramural mini-grant opportunities can be used to teach students and residents about community health assessment, health communication, and health promotion.


*Corresponding author: Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, Minami-Kyoto Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Naka-ashihara 11, Johyoh-shi, Kyoto 610-0113, Japan. Fax: +81774-55-2765, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Assessing the risk of nosocomial infection is necessary for optimizing the quality of patient care and the practice of infection control in long-term care facilities for patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID). We conducted a molecular epidemiological study of pathogens in December 2002 and August 2003 in two wards of such a facility having three wards. Among the 39 inpatients in the wards, 20 had tracheotomy or were cared for with mechanical ventilators. The isolates were tested for chromosomal DNA typing by using a contour-clamped homogeneous electric field system (CHEF Mapper: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif., USA). In December 2002, 14 of 20 patients carried at least one methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Serratia marcescens strain (Table 1). MRSA was isolated from 11 specimens from 9 patients, including eight patients' sputa, one patient's abscess, and one patient's eye mucus. Among these, two were obtained on different days from an abscess of patient P5 and two others from different sites of patient P7. P. aeruginosa was obtained from nine patients' sputa and S. marcescens from five patients' sputa. Three patients, P1, P4, and P6, carried MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens in the same specimen, and the other three patients, P3, P7, and P5, carried MRSA and P. aeruginosa. The survey was repeated in August 2003. Eighteen patients carried at least one MRSA, P. aeruginosa, or S. marcescens strain (Table 1). MRSA strains were isolated from six patients, including four patients' sputa and two patients' urine. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 13 patients' sputa, and S. marcescens from three patients' sputa. No patient simultaneously carried MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens strains. Only one patient, P15, had both MRSA and P. aeruginosa, and two patients, P1 and P11, had P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. Nine patients, P1, P2, P3, P4, P7, P8, P11, P13, and P14, carried MRSA, and either P. aeruginosa or S. marcescens both in December 2002 and in August 2003. The PFGE patterns of these MRSA isolates are shown in Fig. 1A. From a total of 17 isolates, 12 different PFGE patterns were detected. Band-based cluster analysis of these patterns (Molecular Analyst: Bio-Rad) revealed a cluster consisting of patterns A1, A3, and A16 (Fig. 1B) (patterns


Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis and the results of surgical treatment.Methods A total of 57 gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis were analyzed retrospectively with respect to clinicopathologic characteristics and survival.Results Female patients were younger than male patients(50.00 % vs 22.58%,P0.05).Palliative gastrectomy rate was lower in female patients than in male patients(39.13% vs 67.85%,P0.05).Of 51 patients undergoing operation,ascites were found in 18 patients(35.29%),rectal lump was found during rectal touch in 9 patients(17.65%).Survival time was significantly longer in patients after palliative gastrectomy than those without gastrectomy(P0.001).Cox regression analysis showed that gastrectomy was the only significant prognostic factor(relative risk,0.261).But the rate of gastrectomy in P3 patients was significantly decreased(P0.001).Conclusion Ascites and rectal lump found during rectal touch are the common clinical signs in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.Female patients are younger and the tumor resectablility in female patients was decreased.When possible,palliative gastrectomy should be performed,but great caution must be taken in patients with P3 peritoneal metastasis.


This paper describes (i) a long-established, serious and growing problem in a part of the Anglian Region of the National Rivers Authority due to uncontrolled leakage of groundwater from old artesian boreholes ('wild bores') in the South Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer, and (ii) a remedial project recently undertaken by the Authority. The paper discusses (a) the nature of the problem and its implications for water resources, (b) the means employed to carry out the work, (c) environmental considerations, and (d) the results of the project.


Ergovaline (ERV), produced in toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue, causes potent vasoconstriction of bovine vasculature by interacting with serotonin (5-HT) receptors. Ergovaline acts as a partial agonist of 5-HT2A-mediated vasoconstriction. The duration of ERV exposure affects 5-HT-mediated vasoactivity of mesenteric blood vessels. If ERV and 5-HT exposure occur simultaneously, ERV can increase 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction. If 5-HT exposure occurs after blood vessels have had prior ERV exposure, increasing levels of 5-HT can induce vasorelaxation of blood vessels. To better understand mechanisms of 5-HT-mediated vasorelaxation, lateral saphenous veins from steers (n = 5) were assessed for vasoactivity in response to increasing concentrations of selective 5-HT receptor agonists Isolated vessel segments were suspended in chambers of a multi-myograph containing 5 mL of continuously oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer and equilibrated to 1 g tension for 90 min. Vessels were pre-contracted with 1×10-4 M phenylephrine and exposed to increasing concentrations of 5-HT or 5-HT receptor agonists that were selective for 5-HT1B, 5-HT2B, 5-HT4, and 5-HT7. Vasoactive response data were normalized as a percentage of the maximum contractile response induced by the phenylephrine pre-contraction. Increasing concentrations of 5-HT resulted in divergent vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation responses that were dose-dependent. Serotonin caused an 86.3% increase (P < 0.01) in relaxation activity at 1×10-7 M and 5-HT caused a 166% increase (P < 0.01) in contraction activity at 1x10-4 M. Increasing concentrations of the selective 5-HT1B agonist did not result in any vasoactive response. Increasing concentrations of agonists selective for 5-HT2B, 5-HT4, or 5-HT7 resulted in a 27.3%, 91.6%, or 43.9% (P < 0.01) increase in maximal vasorelaxation activity. Of these 5-HT receptor agonists, the selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist resulted in the lowest -log IC50 value (6.30) compared with 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 receptor agonists (4.21 and 4.66, respectively). To confirm the involvement of 5-HT4 in 5-HT-mediated vasorelaxation, blood vessels were exposed to either DMSO (control), a selective 5-HT2A antagonist (1×10-5M), or selective antagonists of 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 simultaneously for 5-min before the pre-contraction with phenylephrine and additions of 5-HT. Antagonism of the 5-HT2A receptor did not result in increased vasorelaxation activity compared with control. Antagonism of the 5-HT2A receptor and 5-HT4 receptor simultaneously inhibited vasorelaxation activity and increased (P < 0.01) the maximal contractile response occurring at 1×10-4 M by 47% compared with control. Approximately 84% of the maximal vasorelaxation activity occurring in response to 5-HT could be accounted for through 5-HT4. These data provide strong evidence that 5-HT4 is the primary receptor involved with 5-HT-mediated vasorelaxation in bovine lateral saphenous vein. More research is needed to determine if 5-HT4-mediated vasorelaxation is responsible for relaxation responses observed in blood vessels with prior ERV exposure. This will aid in the development of strategies for alleviating symptoms of sustained vasoconstriction that occur during fescue toxicosis in ruminants.


The financial crisis of the last decade has increased the number of people living in extreme poverty in Greece. Until today, there is no research evidence on the bio-psycho-social needs of the population. The current study, among other, aimed at investigating the living and working conditions, the health and mental health status of these people and produced recommendations for health care policy and planning.

 A cross-sectional study was carried out in Crete Region with adult beneficiaries of material support benefits (according to income-related criteria). The study was part of the program FAED, which was co-funded by the EU and offered material support (e.g. food, material for personal hygiene, etc. to more than 17.000 beneficiaries in Crete region within 2016-2017. A structured questionnaire extracted information on various aspects including, working, housing and living conditions, health and mental health status.

 798 individuals (46.5% male; 43.3 years) consented to participate and completed the questionnaire. Mean time of unemployment was 4.2 years. 26.8% was accommodated by relatives, 23.5% rented a house and 18% lacked heating. Nearly half of the participants reported a chronic disease (47.0%), 24.1% reported disability certified by health authorities. 4.9% had severe alcohol-related problems, 50.6% had mild to severe depression symptoms and 40.3% mild to severe symptoms of anxiety disorder. 12.0% totally lacked a support network for daily practical and emotional issues.

 Personal psychosocial needs seem to have been neglected because of complex family needs. Socioeconomic deprivation seems to have exacerbated chronic disease management due to neglect of health care needs. A huge burden of mental diseases is evident necessitating community mental health care.

 Mapping of bio-psychosocial needs is important for social policy and health care planning. Integrated care is necessary to meet the complex needs of people living in extreme poverty.


Obesity is one of the incurable diseases. In spite of the multimillion dollar diet industry in the United States today, there exists no known means to sustain weight reduction in substantially obese persons (Mackenzie 1976). A number of studies document the incidence of weight regained after dropping out of treatment or soon after success' fully losing weight (Chlouverakis 1975; Mahoney and Mahoney 1976 Leon 1975). These facts prompted me t,o explore existing resources available to the nursing profession for interacting with and counseling of obese clients. The following findings concerning obesity and thera peutic interventions indicate the need for the pilot study.


We have successfully developed advanced low-damage and short-failure-free RIE technology under 300 mm process down to 32 nmφ MTJ patterning. By using the developed RIE technology, we have achieved significant improvement in TMR ratio, coercivity, thermal stability factor, and the ratio of thermal stability factor to intrinsic critical current compared to those using conventional RIE technology. By using our advanced RIE technology, we also fabricated 1T-1MTJ type embedded 2Mb-STT-MRAM chips with the 61 nmφ-perpendicular-MTJs using the double-MgO free layer under 90 nm CMOS-MTJ hybrid 300 mm process. Advantage of our advanced RIE technology has been demonstrated with their high yield and excellent shmoo plot. The STT-MRAM technology with high-performance MTJ using low-damage RIE patterning process contributes to future high-density embedded STT-MRAM.


As globalization accelerates, firms across countries increasingly adopt so-called "advanced practices" created by global market leaders (e.g., Six Sigma, Total Quality Management (TQM), and process reengineering). Such practices tend to create value for firms both from the superior techniques they deliver and from the legitimacy their adoption confers in the global market. However, it is also true that the implementation of a new practice is often difficult as it may require drastic changes in an organization's mindset, culture, and actions (Klein & Sorra, 1996; Reger, Gustafson, & Mullane, 1994). The difficulty becomes greater when a firm adopts a new practice from overseas, due to contextual differences between the environment in which a practice originated and the one in which it is adopted (Kostova, 1999). Facing such difficulties, firms often adapt a given practice to make it work better in their own unique environment. Therefore, it is critical for these firms to understand how they can manage the adaptation process effectively in order to obtain better implementation outcomes.


The epoch of reionization is one of the most exciting frontiers in astrophysics. Here we describe how the combination of galaxy surveys and direct 21-cm measurements of reionization can illuminate numerous mysteries of this fascinating era.


ABSTRACT Labor archival programs confront numerous challenges to remain viable in a changing academic environment and institutional culture. The marketing of higher education, the anti-union stance of some university administrations, and the transition of labor studies programs create a less-than-benign environment for labor collection development activities. Labor collection development hinges upon the labor archivist's ability to mediate the often-divergent interests of the academic and labor communities. Contraction of the labor movement and union restructuring also have important repercussions for future labor collections development. This article examines these issues from the perspective of the historical development of Penn State University's labor archives program–focusing on the institutional pressures inherent in serving both academe and labor unions, and prospects for labor collection development in an uncertain future.


This paper presents the results of a preliminary examination of the state of education programs in asset management in universities in North America, Europe and Australia. In particular, we compare and contrast various programs at graduate levels that are focussed on areas related to asset management against the 39 subjects listed by the IAM Anatomy and the IAM Competences Framework and present recommendations for greater alignment between academic programs and industrial need. It was found that none of the programs have a complete coverage of the subjects, but have a reasonable coverage of all the subject groups.


Detection of fingerprint evidence on black electrical tape has often been a frustrating experience for many examiners because of the very nature of the substrate. The tape, which is frequently found on numerous crime-related exhibits, particularly weapons, requires a number of steps to render any evidence visible, including separate processing techniques for each of the surfaces. Basic fuchsin (rosaniline chloride) is a fluorescent reagent which provides a "one-step" alternate processing technique. Fingerprints of different ages and from a variety of donors were processed and the results, as well as the comparison of this process with the established techniques of gentian violet (or crystal violet) and cyanoacrylate/rhodamine 6G, are discussed.


We are proposing a novel design for a module with depth of interaction (DOI) capability for gamma rays by measuring the pulse-height ratio of double-sided Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) coupled at both ends of a scintillation crystal block. Thanks to newly developed monolithic MPPC arrays consisting of 4 × 4 channels with a three-side buttable package, the module is very thin and compact, thereby enabling less dead space between each module when arranged into a fully designed gantry. To demonstrate our concept of a DOI measuring technique, we first made a 1-D crystal array consisting of five Ce-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (Ce:GAGG) cubic crystals measuring 3×3×3 mm3 in size, separated by a layer of air approximately 10 μm-thick. When the light signals output from both ends are read with the 3×3 mm2 MPPCs, the position of each crystal is clearly distinguished. The same measurements were also made using Ce-doped (Lu,Y)2(SiO4)O (Ce:LYSO), achieving a similarly good separation. We then fabricated thin Ce:GAGG 2-D crystal arrays consisting of two types: [A] 4 × 4 matrix of 3×3×3 mm3 pixels, and [B] 10 × 10 matrix of 0.8×0.8×5 mm3 pixels, with each pixel divided by a BaSO4 reflector 0.2 mm-thick. Then four arrays are laid on top of each other facing the DOI direction through a layer of air 10 μm-thick. We demonstrated that the 3-D position of each Ce:GAGG pixel is clearly distinguished in both the 2-D and DOI directions for type A and B when illuminated by 662 keV gamma rays. Average energy resolutions of 9.8 ± 0.8% and 11.8 ± 1.3% were obtained for types A and B, respectively. These results suggest that our proposed method is simple and offers promise in achieving both excellent spatial and energy resolutions for future medical imaging, particularly in positron emission tomography (PET).


In the present re-reading of the Sistine mosaics of S. Maria Maggiore, which embraces the Old and New Testament scenes in their totality, it will be argued that the iconography is a visual manifestation of the Christology predominating in the Roman Episcopate during the interlude between the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon (AD 431 to 451). The fact that the Old Testament narration opens with the Life of Abraham and concludes, on the opposite wall, with the Battles of Joshua, including a distinct pictorial indication of the position of Rahab, the harlot of Jericho, who became the great-great-grandmother of King David, has led the present author to the suggestion that the lost panels concluding the cycle may have included at least one Davidic scene. Such a scene would have extolled the soteriological meaning of the human nature of Christ, "the Son of David, the Son of Abraham" (Mt 1:1), thoughts expounded by Leo the Great in his Tomus ad Flavianum, which laid the ground for the Chalcedonian Council. By the same token the thesis will be advanced that, on the triumphal arch, the matron in the blue maphorion, who sits on Christ's left side, counterbalancing the Virgin in the Adoration of the Magi scene, may be a personification of the women in the genealogical line of Jesus Christ listed in the Gospel of Matthew (Mt 1:1-16). The two women counterpoised in the Adoration scene would thus exalt and substantiate the Gentile, non-Jewish, contribution to the lineage of Our Saviour. The divine providence expressed through these `extraneous´ links in His ancestry (the key figures of whom were the Gentile women Rahab and Ruth), in the story which led to the Descent of the Logos and the Birth of Christ, may have been the underlying, unifying theme in the vast decoration of the basilica.


Life history evolution is investigated with a mathematical model. The model has three parameters which represent phenotypic variation among individuals of a species. The parameters are (1) clutch size, (2) viability against the (physical) environment, (3) viability against intraspecific competition. The trade-off relation between the three parameters is imposed. The model has one more parameter that represents the intensity of density independent mortality(harshness of the environment). The values of the three parameters are regarded as a strategy. Analysis is made to investigate how the evolutionarily stable strategy(ESS) shifts in accordance with harshness of the environment. First, the model is analyzed in the case where variation only in (1) and (2) is allowed. The result is that the ESS shifts to be less fecund and more viable to the environment as the environment becomes harsher. Second, the case where variation only in (1) and (3) is allowed is analyzed, and the result is that the ESS shifts to be more fecund and less viable to intraspecific competition as the environment becomes harsher. Finally, the case without restrictions is analyzed and the condition for the above two tendencies to be expected is found. The results obtained in this paper are compared with those previously derived from the theories of life history. The general framework for the theory of life history evolution under various situations is also discussed.


To elucidate whether the neurotoxic effect of a prion protein fragment (PrP106–126) is in some way mediated by the cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrPC), dissociated cortical cell cultures were prepared from mice in which the PrP gene had been disrupted (PrPo/c mice). Cell survival after 10 days in culture was tested with an MTT assay. PrP106–126 applied every second day for 10 days in cultures from normal mice resulted in the death of 34% more cells than in untreated cells. When PrP106–126 was applied to cultures from mice lacking PrPC expression, survival was equal to or greater than that of untreated control cells. These results support the notion that expression of PrPC is required for the neurotoxic effect of PrP106–126.


of the con temporary work by writers of color and white women will continue to go unpublished and unreviewed. My answer to the question posed by "The End of the End of the Canon?" is to do more of what we do, only better— more demo cratic and more chaotic, in the spirit of Elles. As Dana Nelson pointed out at our forum, scholarly journals used to address not just academics but passionate enthusiasts and everyday readers. Let's do that again. With our students and colleagues, in our classrooms and communities, in our writings and postings, we need to form more opinions and arguments, challenge longheld assumptions, and join in more discussions like the enlivening one we had at Vanderbilt in May.


Recently, many approaches have been proposed in wind speed prediction. However they are verified only in certain areas, and have not been a quantitative verification in many different locations. Therefore, this paper used the data of the various parts of Japan for the one-step-ahead prediction, and applied a number of different approaches to each point. And then it was evaluated such as MAE. These models are persistent model, ARMA-GARCH model, non-linear autoregressive network with an external input (NARX), recurrent neural network (RNN), and support vector regression (SVR). From the results of the numerical simulation at each point, this paper presents the results that it is difficult to create the same model which minimize the error in all areas, and there is a need to create a predictor for each region.


Each superimposed communication terminal in a set of multiple superimposed communication terminals is provided with a time period selection unit for selecting superimposable time periods used for superimposing superimposed signals of a specific protocol stored in a storage unit such that the superimposable time periods used by superimposed signals with different protocols do not overlap. Of the transmission signals monitored by a signal monitoring unit, a superimposed transmission unit transmits the superimposed signals so as to be superimposed during the superimposable time period selected by the time period selection unit. In other words, for a set of superimposed communication terminals which send and receive superimposed signals according to a first protocol, and a set of superimposed communication terminals which send and receive superimposed signals according to a second protocol, different superimposable time periods are used to send and receive superimposed signals.


Olivier Rouviere : Generosity and sacrifice in Metastasio's melodrama. ; From 1724 to 1772, by composing 26 melodramas, Metastasio (Pietro Tra-passi) brought about what has been called the "reform" of the Italian libretto, but is rather its recognition as a literary form and the celebration of its specificity. For Metastasio the melodramma, directly descended from classical tragedy as described by Aristotle, followed the same laws of composition but had its own characteristics, mainly its themes. He attributed a pedagogical value to the melo-dramma and preferred subjects illustrating the theme of generosity, which is conceived of according to a scale of values in which each level represents a particular sacrifice. It represents the renunciation of revenge, heroism, power, life, death, love and finally the self or one's identity. The hero's identity, endangered during the drama, is finally reaffirmed by the gara generosa (generous competition) during which the hero, by accepting the sacrifice of what he holds dearest, reconquers himself ; and the greater the sacrifice, the more decisive the reconquest.


In the recent past, Liberia and Africa at large have been in the news mainly in the light of several disorder which ranges from intra-state and inter-state conflict and civil wars. Civil wars resulted to wanton, killing, kidnapping, genocide, and destruction of property as well as the increase in the  refugees and internally displaced persons. Also, the prolonged Liberian  conflict led to violation of human rights, particularly atrocities against  civilian populations, including widespread sexual violation against women  and children and underage, etc. The situation has continued to constitute  threat to international peace and security in the region, to stability in West Africa sub-region, and to the peace process for Liberia. The method and  sources of information adopted was through secondary sources. The study  considered the overview of the Liberian civil war and its return to democratic society and the emergency of the first woman president in Africa in the year 2006. The roles played by the peace envoys in managing the Liberian conflicts with the particular reference to the UN, ECOWAS and Nigeria  (ECOMOG) for its leadership roles and the way forward on research on the roles of peace envoy in conflict management in Liberia and Africa at large Problems faced by these envoys were also looked at. Key words : civil war, conflict, peace envoy, genocide, security.


Spray solutions containing minor elements, nitrogen, ''hormones" and organic fungicides have been applied as foliage sprays to apple trees to reduce nutritional deficiencies, prevent fruit drop or increase resistance to disease. The fact that such applications have given results showed that they had penetrated the leaves and raised the question of how penetration occurred. The quality, quantity and location of wall substances throughout the apple leaf and the part these play in the entrance of materials applied as sprays, either as fungicides or nutrient elements, has not been reported other than the preliminary reports of the authors (5) and (6). Wylie (7) found that the epidermis is important for water conduction in areas between veins. In experimenting with dilute solutions of potassium ferrocyanide, he showed that it was quickly conducted throughout the epidermal layers of leaves and that the "vein extensions" and epidermal layers "constitute in some degree a supplementary conductive system." MacDaniels and Cow art (3) claim that "the outer cell walls" of the epidermis of apple leaves "are covered with a continuous cuticle." While this would not prevent the lateral movement of materials after once having entered the leaf, it would not account for the entrance of foliage sprays as is indicated by Hamilton, Palmiter and Anderson (2) and Palmiter (4). In this investigation, a determination of the quantity and location of cutin, cellulose and pectinaceous substances of the cell walls was made by the following methods : Sections were cut from fresh Mclntosh apple leaf material, using a freezing microtome. All photomicrographs were made by the use of a Leica Camera attached to a Leitz microscope by means of an Ibso attachment with correction lens giving an initial magnification of ? ? Periplan 10 ? eyepiece and a water immersion or other objective. Kodachrome K-135A artificial light film was used. Methods of microchemical determination of the cutin, cellulose and pectinaceous substances were those given in Eckerson's "Microchemistry" (1). The structure of the untreated walls of the epidermal cells (fig. 1) is particulate in character. It shows clearly that these particles are in layers in the outer and vertical walls.


The problem of monetary and fiscal policy coordination is discussed both in countries with independent economic policies and in countries with a single currency. The aim of this article is to discuss and empirically assess the interaction of monetary and fiscal policy in Slovakia from Q1/2000 to Q2/2013, identify significant macroeconomic variables influencing the decisions of main economic-policy authorities in the analysed country and make conclusions concerning the cooperation of monetary and fiscal policies using the game theory approach. In the article, regression analysis and ordinary least squares methods are used According to the empirical results, the conflict between monetary and fiscal policy in Slovakia is identified. The stabilizing role of fiscal policy and problematic stabilizing role of monetary policy is confirmed It contrasts with the other states of the Visegrad group.


Characteristics of the upper respiratory tracts associated with pollution and infection was studied by the following three points of views.(1) Follicular tonsil of retro-pharyngial wall.(2) Cilia of the larynx and trachea.(3) Naso-pulmonary reflex.The following results were observed.(A) Reactions were observed on the follicular tonsil of the retropharyngial wall as well as evidence of pollution and infection of the upper respiratory tract. Those reactions were similar to the examinations by macroscopy.(B) Cilia of the larynx and trachea demonstrated as followed 1: It was observed that the deformation of the cilia due to polluted materials.2: Disappearance or adherence of cilia were observed after exposed to X rays.3: Eminence of vacuous of the cilia were revealed by 03 gas as well as SO2 gas.4: Deformation by 03 gas was observed to increase after periods of time.(C) It was shown that the symptoms of the infected patients of the upper respiratory tract became more severe when exposed to pollution.(D) Allergy prone patients who has suffered from chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract with pollution, will show more severe symptoms.(E) The effects of the upper respiratory tract due to pollution will spread from the lower respiratory tract throughout the entire body.


According to the problem that high precision is needed of fabrication of parts and mounting,and that common bearing is damageable in the joining of grader back driving axle and Equilibrium Box,a method of applying Slewing Ring is presented.Through type selection in reason and strength verification,this method is feasible and meets the challenge.


A high-repetition-rated semiconductor switch using IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors) was designed and tested. The switch has a ten series and two parallel construction. The operation at 6 kV charging voltage, 2200 A peak discharge current, and 1 kpps repetition was confirmed. When it was adapted to an actual excimer laser circuit with a two-stage MPC (magnetic pulse compressor), the performance of the laser was almost equal to that of using a thyratron.<<ETX>>


Abstract In this paper, evidence from the literature on the inaccuracy of forecasts from transport planning models is presented and its impact on capital infrastructure planning decision-making is demonstrated. Empirical evidence suggests that forecasts used for major planning decisions have been found to be rather inaccurate (when comparing forecast volumes with actually realized volumes after time passed). A meta-analysis of the relevant literature provides insight into the expected magnitude of these deviations as well as the main contributing factors, including induced demand.Furthermore, evidence of these irregularities in the case of two major expressway infrastructure projects in Southern Greece is presented, providing insight about a typical example of a country with a developing freeway network. Data from the immediate impact zone of the Attica Tollway in the metropolitan area of Athens and the neighboring interurban Elefsina-Korinth motorway are used to demonstrate that the projects resulted in considerable changes in the land use patterns and density, both in terms of residential and commercial development, resulting in the generation of additional traffic flows.Having demonstrated the need for re-thinking how long-term traffic is forecast, suitable recommendations for promising directions are made. Dealing with uncertainty is one key aspect that can be easily incorporated to existing forecasting tools. Furthermore, the need for more detailed and area-specific models, e.g. through the integration of activity-based modeling, specific mobility patterns and demands are also outlined.


Some fundamental structural characteristics of large-scale power systems are analyzed in the paper. Firstly, the large-scale power system is decomposed into various hierarchical levels: the main system, subsystems, sub-subsystems, down to its basic components. The proposed decomposition method is suitable for arbitrary system topology, and the relations among various decomposed hierarchical levels are explicitly expressed by introducing the interface concept. Then, the structural models of various hierarchical levels are constructed in a bottom-up manner. The constructed hierarchical model can reveal the self-similarity characteristic of large-scale power systems.


This study analyzes the validity and effectiveness of the CPIK which has been operated by both Korean and Chinese governments since 2012. For this, a questionnaire survey on Korean students and Chinese teachers under the CPIK was conducted, and research hypotheses were tested. First, the CPIK-based team teaching would enhance students' satisfaction with Chinese language class and improve their Chinese skills. Second, students would have a favorable view on China and Chinese people through a native Chinese teacher-led class and be more motivated to learn Chinese. Third, native Chinese teachers under the CPIK might also have a favorable view on Korea and Korean people while getting along with them in Korea and willingness to learn Korean language and Korean culture. The results of the questionnaire survey were mostly same with the research hypotheses. Many students showed great satisfaction with the program and expressed that they would continue their Chinese studying with an understanding of the rising importance of Chinese language. Furthermore, teachers under the CPIK have revealed a favorable view on Korea and Korean people and said that they would like to work in Korea if given the opportunity.


As far as historiography concerns,narration and discussion are the methods of equal importance.But with the scientific development of historiography,many historiographies fall under the influence of historiography genre,such as positivism.They regard the change of the methods(especially the usage of narration) as the fundamental condition which can be produced by scientific historiography.As a result,the historiography bookmaking presents itself with the phenomenon of supplanting narration,and causes some negative results.


The decomposition of benzoyl peroxide in polystyrene in the presence of air has been studied spectrophotometrically over an expanded (55 to 98°C.) temperature range. Rates of decomposition of benzoyl peroxide in polyvinyl chloride films are also presented. Peroxide decomposition in both polymers obeys first-order kinetics and the Ea for decomposition appears to change at or near the second-order transition temperature of the polymers. Rates of peroxide decomposition are lower and energies of activation are higher in polyvinyl chloride than in polystyrene.


A series of LaSrCo_(1-x)Mn_xO_4(x=0.1,0.3,0.5)catalysts with perovskite-type structure were sucessfully synthesized at fairly low temperature in air by amorphous complex decomposition and characterized by means of XRD,BET,DTA,DTG and XPS.The catalytic performance for CO oxidation was investigated.The results show that the precursor can completely decompose into oxide at temperature below 500℃.The decomposed species in composed of LaSrCo_(1-x)Mn_xO_4 mixed oxides and a perovskite-type structure is formed after being calcined at 650℃ for 6h.The influence of the calcination temperature on the particle size and the specific surface area is much more serious than that of the calcination time.The intensity of the characteristic peak of Co~(2+) decreases as the manganese element content is increased for LaSrCo_(1-x)Mn_xO_4(x=0.1,0.3,0.5)mixed oxides.The binding energies of Mn 2p_(3/2) in those mixed oxides reveal that manganese element is mainly in Mn~(3+) state,which indicates that the influence of Mn content on the binding energies of Mn 2p_(3/2) is very weak.The catalytic activity for CO oxidation is closely correlated with oxygen vacancy,lattice oxygen and Co~(3+).The catalytic activity for CO oxidation of LaSrCo_(1-x)Mn_xO_4 mixed oxides is closely correlated with the amounts of lattice oxygen released and the concentration of trivalent cation at B state.The influence of modification by a proper amount Mn on the catalytic activity for CO oxidation is favorable.


University life is one of the most memorable experiences in an undergraduates' whole life. It is in the university that an undergraduate experience the vibrant environment, company of friends, and various academic and co-curricular activities, which enriches knowledge, and prepares undergraduates for their adulthood. However, up to date empirical evidence evident that, a considerable number of undergraduates currently studying in universities in various countries suffer from a greater degree of stress. Hence, this book was initiated with the prime purpose of identifying significant determinants of stress undergraduates; with special reference to Sri Lanka. This book systematically explores (building on the findings of a social research) the determinants of stress of university undergraduates. It is hoped that this book will assist undergraduates to deal with stress and help them to advance their knowledge and the skill on coping strategies as well.


Statistical energy analysis (SEA) method is an adequate tool to solve complex problems to building acoustics. This research on the application in variety of the building materials as the subsystem of SEA model is performed. For the purpose to explore the relationship between the building element and its mode, these commonly used building materials are selected to determine this relationship. It is indicated that the properties of building material have obvious effect on the modal density and modal overlap of building members. As the consequence, a useful technique to account for a building member to be appropriate for a SEA (statistical energy analysis) subsystem is presented.


With the frequency control transformation of feedwater pump in Shantou Wanfeng Cogeneration Power Plant for example,the feasibility of conducting AC frequency control transformation of feedwater pump is analyzed.The economic efficiency and energy-saving effect of the transformation are analyzed according to the frequency control transformation results of single feed pump and two pumps respectively.The post-transformation test and measurement of energy-saving effect show that the frequency control transformation of feedwater pump is a feasible way for energy conservation and loss reduction in power plant.


Some new sulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic systems such as 1,3-thiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3-thiazines incorporating acridine and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine moieties were synthesized via heterocyclization of the key intermediate 4-(acridin-9-yl)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-ylcarbonyl)thiosemicarbazide. Structures of the new comp-ounds were established by elemental analyses and spectral data. All the products were also screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity.


The collapse of Mobutu's Zaire and the arrival of father and son Kabila regimes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (hereafter, the DRC) were hastened by the dramatic and tumultuous spread of violence from neighboring Rwanda. Mobutu's state's inability to manage the influx of Hutu refugees (with Interahamwe militia members interspersed) into the Kivu province of eastern Zaire from Rwanda's bloody genocide of 1994 or to compensate for the ratcheting up of their cross-border skirmishes with the Banyamulenge (Zairean Tutsi) population in 1996, exacerbated extant tensions and has since resulted in more than a dozen years of civil war. This example prompts us to ask: are countries with higher levels of state capacity better able to resist the spread of violence from neighboring territories into their own? The author argues that when falsely divided notions of spatial heterogeneity and dependence are interacted, contagion from neighboring conflicts becomes a risk of diminishing value for increasingly capable states. A model of civil war contagion affirms a conditional hypothesis, showing that state capacity modifies the likelihood that a state will become infected by a civil conflict occurring in neighboring territories.


Placentae of Melandrium album excised from ovaries of unopened flowers were pollinated in vitro with pollen grains of Lychnis coronaria. Pollen grains germinated, and pollen tubes were found entering the micropyles 18 h after pollination. Double fertilization occurred. Immature and mature hybrid embryos at different stages of development were analyzed up to the third week of culture. Twenty-five days after culture, cotyledonary embryos were isolated from ovules and transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.5, 1 or 2 mg l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). About 85% of the 115 inoculated embryos died shortly after transfer to medium, due to atrophy of the root and one cotyledon. Eighteen embryos survived; of these, 16 well-formed seedlings with root system were transferred to soil. The hybrid plants grew normally, and their hybridity was confirmed by morphological study. Female and male organs of the intergeneric hybrid were completely sterile.


Existing OWL DL reasoners have been carefully designed to reason with DL ontologies in an efficient way at the expense of lack of expressiveness. In order to overcome this limitation in expressiveness, there have been a few attempts to use firstorder logic (FOL) theorem provers, which are known to be less efficient than DL reasoners, to work with DL ontologies. However, these approaches did not still allow full FOL capabilities in queries. In this paper, we introduce a new approach (currently under development) to translate OWL DL ontologies into FOL. The translation has been tested using a simple ontology about animals and some FOL theorem provers. On the basis of these tests, we show that our proposal achieves a good trade-off between expressive and simple queries. On one hand, our system is capable of handling any FOL query that can not be processed by DL reasoners. On the other hand, simple queries are solved in reasonable time by FOL theorem provers in comparison with ad hoc DL reasoners.


Because of the special geographic conditions,Tujia culture absorbed Han culture and made it the main content of cultural cross-fertilization.The superior field is education,especially school education.In Tujia school educational history,there appeared four stages.Moreover,it was the history of Tujia and the history Han and Tujia cultural exchange.


Type traits and mammary health are important traits for dairy ruminant breeding. They govern animal health, milking ability and longevity as well as the economic sustainability of farms. However, little is known about the genomic regions controlling these traits in goat. We report here a genome-wide association study in dairy goats for eleven type traits, and SCC, as a proxy for mastitis resistance. The analysis was implemented using a daughter design composed of 1941 Alpine and Saanen goats sired by 20 AI bucks and genotyped with the goatSNP50 chip. Both linkage analyses (LA) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) using interval mapping were performed and the two breeds were analysed together and separately. A large number of QTL regions was highlighted, suggesting that the genomic control of type and SCC traits is highly polygenic in goats. Moreover, the regions found were different between Alpine and Saanen, revealing a breed-specific control. The Capra hircus autosome (CHI) 19 appeared to be especially enriched in SNPs associated with type and SCC, with two highly significant regions in the Saanen breed. The first region is located between 33 and 42 Mb on CHI 19 and was significantly associated with SCC. This interval contains or is in close proximity to candidate genes that could be involved in response to intra-mammary infections (RARA, STAT3, STAT5a and STAT5b). The second region, located between 24.5 and 27 Mb on CHI 19 was associated with udder type traits (udder floor position and rear udder attachment) in the same interval that had been associated previously with milk production traits. This region and its potential pleotropic effects is currently under investigation. Altogether, these results will be helpful for goat selection in the future. It indicates that a within-breed genomic selection should be favoured for those traits in French goat and open the way to the identification of causal mutations.


Cancer of the paranasal sinuses is not frequently encountered in otolaryngological practice. These tumors constitute less than 1 per cent of the cases seen at the Brooklyn Cancer Institute. During 1937, there were five malignant tumors of the sinuses among 737 admissions. Most of these cases are seen when the disease is far advanced and therefore present special problems. Fear, ignorance and the unfortunate circumstance of the absence of symptoms are factors in the late appearance of these patients for treatment. Fortunately, in many cases, a late diagnosis does not mean a hopeless prognosis. These neoplasms are usually out of sight and are frequently painless. When pain occurs it may be referred to the alveolar process, suggesting a dental condition, or it may be referred to the cheek, suggesting an antrum suppuration. Irrigation of the antrum may be negative or may reveal the presence of pus. When blood or sanguineous material are returned with the irrigation, the diagnosis is fairly certain. If a malignancy of the antrum is suspected because of the symptoms or because of the Roentgen findings, the interior of the sinus should be examined by means of an exploratory opening.


In today's fast-paced global economy coupled with the availability of mobile internet and social networks, several business models have been disrupted. This disruption brings a whole list of opportunities and challenges for organizations and the domain of supply chain management. Given big data availability, data analytics is needed to convert data into meaningful information, which plays an important role in supply chain management. One of the disruptive data analytics techniques that are predicted to impact growth, employment, and inequality in the market is automation of knowledge work, better known as machine learning. In this paper, we focused on comprehensively overviewing machine learning applications in demand forecasting and underlying its potential role in improving the supply chain efficiency. A total of 1870 papers were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases based on our string query related to machine learning. A reduced total of 79 papers focusing on demand forecasting were comprehensively reviewed and used for the analysis in this study. The result showed that neural networks, artificial neural networks, support vector regression, and support vector machine were among the most widely used algorithms in demand forecasting with 27%, 22%, 18%, and 10%, respectively. This accounted for 77% of the total reviewed articles. Most of the machine learning application (65%) was applied in the industry sector, and a limited number of articles (5%) discussed the agriculture sector. This paper's practical implication is in exposing the current machine learning issues in the industry to help stakeholders and decision-makers better plan transformation actions.


In this paper are presented:
a) contemporary limitations in research opportunities,
b) raw material sources and technological background,
c) human resources,
d) organization of production,
e) locations of manufacturing facilities (armouries),
f) diversification of explosive devices and explosives applied in their underground production, as well as support from abroad,
g) production quality and research capabilities,
h) contemporary forms of commemoration of people and places associated with the clandestine production of explosives and explosive devices in occupied Poland during the Second World War.
The purpose of the analysis is to show how big and diverse was this activity, as well as, the importantance of this topic in our times.


OBJECTIVE TO observe clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine on retinitis pigmentosa(RP).METHODS RP patients were treated by Bushen Yangxue Mingmu decoction,associated with Shuxuening and shengmai intravenous injections,in combination with Yinxingye tablets and Shengmai granules as well as acupuncture treatment.Two courses in total were carried out.RESULTS Sixty-three eyes were effective in 128 eyes,and efficient rate was 49%.CONCLUSIONS TCM methods for some RP patents were effective.


The near-infrared source and image difference methods were used to design the eyes detection system based on FPGA.Through the image difference processing,a difference image with bright pupils which takes the face as the main body can be obtained.Then,through gray stretching,image segmentation and intergal projection on difference image,the location of the face can be obtained,and then the eyes detection can be implemented through improved complexity algorithm in the detected face region.After experience,the processing speed of the system can achieve 30 frames persecond,which meets the requirement of real-time performance.Meanwhile,the method of near-infrared source can eliminate the effection from other sources,so the system's robustness can be graranteed.


The effects laws of non-metallic inclusion and bainite structure on the elongation of heavy and medium plate are analyzed systematically by means of microscope,electron scanning microscope and metal original position analyzer on the basis of the specimen from big samples.Test results show that non-metallic inclusion and bainite structure in the steel are main factors affecting the elongation.Non-metallic inclusions influence plate elongation reduction heavily in type,content and distribution,especially sulphide and silicate type inclusions.Test results also present banded bainite structure has a prominent effect on plate elongation reduction and they have close correlation.


The embodiment of the utility model provides a short circuit protection circuit for a switch power supply. The short circuit protection circuit is built in a controller of the switch power supply and comprises a detection module, a time delay module, a judgment module and a turn-off and latch module, wherein the detection module is used for starting the time delay module when signals output by OUT lead pins become strong, the time delay module is used for outputting enabling signals to the judgment module after the preset time section is delayed, the judgment module is used for judging whether signals output by CS lead pins are smaller than the preset reference voltage after the enabling signals are received, and the turn-off and latch module is used for turning off the controller when the signals output by the CS lead pins are smaller than the preset reference voltage. The utility model also provides a controller for the switch power supply and the switch power supply. When the embodiment of the utility model is adopted, the effective short circuit protection can be provided for the switch power supply when the controller for the switch power supply generates the short circuit.


Carbonaceous porous materials are strong candidates for producing low-cost, lightweight, and sustainable electromagnetic (EM) absorbing materials. This work investigates the production of radar-absorbing materials (RAM) by a simple method. Sustainable carbon xerogel (CX) was synthesized from tannin, a biosourced molecule. CX and commercial carbon nanotube (CNT) were embedded in a silicone matrix at proportions of 10 and 15 wt.% of CX and 0.1 wt.% of CNT to produce flexible composites. The morphology and structure of the carbonaceous materials were evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), textural properties by N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and mercury porosimetry. The electromagnetic characterization of the composites was analyzed by a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the Ku-band. The results demonstrated that an increased concentration of CX in the composite improved reflection loss reaching -43.19 dB at 13.79 GHz.


Semi-crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is of great significance in the family of fluorine polymers and its modification has always been an active area of research both in industrial and academic research fields. Raw PVDF is known to crystallize into a non-polar crystal form that is insulative and hydrophobic, and has a low dielectric constant, restricting its direct practical application and thus stimulating huge research interest in the modification of PVDF by means of physical or chemical methods. On the other hand, room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are molten salts with low melting points, non-volatility, high ion-conductivity, and high thermal, chemical and radiation stability. The modification of PVDF with RTILs leads to various functional PVDF materials with improved electric and dielectric performance. In this chapter, high performance anti-static PVDF/IL materials, as well as dielectric PVDF/IL materials, are introduced systematically. The former, anti-static PVDF/IL materials, are based on thermodynamically miscible systems, including miscible PVDF/IL films, PVDF/IL composite nanofibrous films and carbon nanotube (CNT)-integrated PVDF/IL nanocomposites (namely, PVDF/IL–CNT composites), which are fabricated by physical methods. In contrast, dielectric PVDF/IL materials are produced by radiation chemical grating of ILs onto the PVDF molecular chains. Furthermore, dielectric PVDF/IL materials with incorporation of carbon black (CB) into the IL-g-PVDF/IL are presented. The structure–property relationships of these two kinds of PVDF/IL-based materials have been discussed systematically.


In the key period of the all-round economic and social transformation,we must actively support and integrate social forces,to build up a new pattern of social management to meet the development demands in the new period.In recent years,with the rapid development of Wenzhou social organizations,there are many deficiencies and problems in their development and participation in social management.It is proposed that we should improve the government and social organization of the interaction and cooperation platform further;build a comprehensive regulatory system of social organization,and improve the internal governance mechanism of social organization;implement government decentralization and public service purchase system;strengthen the construction of talent team,improve the financial and policy support system which is helpful for the healthy development of social organization.


Pot experiment was carried out to study effects of dual inoculation of a species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) and a species of phosphate solubilizing bacteria(Bacillius megtherium) on growth and phosphorus uptake of red clover(Trifolium pratense) grown in post containing P deficient soil or river sand. The results showed that B.megtherium inoculation did not improve the percentage of G.mosseae infecting red clover significantly. Although B.megtherium inoculation increased root and shoot ratio, it did not affect the plant growth and phosphorus uptake greatly. A synergistic interaction between G.mosseae and B.megtherium on growth and phosphorus uptake seemed to be existed in red clover grown in river sand but not in the field soil.


aBstRact Diphenylpicrylhydracyl is a stable free radical that readily reacts with phenol groups. In the present work we have measured the reaction of DPPH with three alkyl gallates of different hydrophobicity: methyl gallate, propyl gallate, and octyl gallate. Experiments were carried out in acetate buffer (pH 5.0) in presence of several SDS concentrations. At surfactant concentrations higher than 20 mM, the gallates are almost totally associated to the micellar pseudophase. Under these conditions the rate of the reaction becomes almost independent of the length of the alkyl group. This indicates that the average localization of the gallate reactive group is almost independent of the solute hydrophobicity. e-mail: email@example.com intRoduction Rates of intramicellar bimolecular processes are extremely dependent on the characteristics of the micellar pseudophase and the hydrophobicity of the reactants. In particular, if one of them is highly hydrophobic and, hence, totally incorporated to the micelles, the rate of the process will depend upon the partitioning of the other reactant and its average intramicellar distribution


RESISTANCE, a technical term with specific meani g, has been used for too many purposes. Freud identified and described resistance as an expected phenomenon in treat ment: the uncovering of buried and threatening material inevitably leads a client to develop mechanisms for defense and protection.1 Over the years this technical definition, which locates a problem in the client's un conscious and identifies it as aris


Due to its advanced spectral efficiency and energy efficiency, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, in order to provide a practical scenario, we investigate an RIS-aided multi-input multi-output non-orthogonal multiple access multi-cell network, where both inter-cell and inter-cluster interferences are mitigated by the signal-cancellation-based (SCB) design at RISs. The passive beamforming at RISs is designed, where the minimal required number of RIS elements for implementing the proposed SCB design is evaluated. Then, the outage probability is evaluated for further revealing the diversity orders and the high-signal-to-noise-ratio slopes of accessed users. Our numerical results indicate that the multi-cast case provides the best performance compared to the zero-forcing and maximum-ratio-transmission cases


Mitochondria; RNA Methyltransferase; Pentatricopeptide repeat; Mitochondrial transcription factorRNA methyltransferases mediate the addition of methyl groups to ribonucleotides. Such modifications have implications for the structure and function of RNA. While methylation is reported in mitochondrial RNAs, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions often remain elusive; however with advances in sequencing technologies, genomic analysis is beginning to uncover their identities. Due to the complex evolutionary history of mitochondria, little is known about the origin and function of methyltransferases. This article explores two emerging families of mitochondrial RNA methyltransferases. We discuss the evidence suggesting they possess diverse bacterial (endosymbiotic and non-endosymbiotic) origins and have acquired functions in addition to methylation.The mitochondrial transcription factor B (mtTFB) proteins function in transcription initiation by associating with the other components of the mitochondrial transcription machinery to induce open-complex formation [1]. They also mediate the methylation of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA to facilitate ribosome assembly, stability and biogenesis [2]. The mtTFB proteins are widespread throughout eukaryotes and have arisen from a bacterial dimethyltransferase (DMT) family, which subsequently obtained a secondary function as a transcription factor. The homology between mtTFB and an


Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of clinical pathway for treatment of hand- foot- mouth disease(HFMD) cases. Methods The 509 clinical HFMD patients were randomly divided into experiment group(n=366) and control group(n=143). The patients in control group was treated according to HFMD Guideline(2010 edition), while those in the experiment group were treated with clinical pathway which was formulated based on the HFMD of Nanshan Hospital,therapeutic schedule of other hospitals and previous treatment expreience. The average body temperature recovery time, the average recovery time of blood leukocyte, the duration of average hospitalization and the average cost of hospitalization were compared between two groups. Results The duration of average temperature recovery, the average blood leukocyte recovery time, days of hospital stay and hospital costs in case group and control group were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Clinical pathways can help reduce the length of stay and hospital costs, shortening the recovery time of body temperature and blood leukocytes, but more evidence need to be further provided. Clinical pathway might help people standardize clinical behavior, optimize care service processes, prevent nosocomial infection, and allocate rationally the clinical resources.


Considering the value of coconut shell biomass as renewable fuels in homes and commercial industries, its effectiveness as a biomass resource has been overlooked by our rural citizens and researchers. Carbonization experiments of coconut shell biomass were conducted in a downdraft carbonization reactor (750 mm height and 67 mm diameter) to determine the effect of temperature (250 to 600 °C, in 50 °C intervals) on the charcoal properties. This was to address the problems of traditional charcoal production methods that include; low yield, environmental pollution, unregulated temperature, and poor quality properties. Yet the scarcity of this information hampers efforts for efficient commercial production. The coconut shell biomass was obtained from a local shop in Malaysia. It was heated in the reactor at a fixed residence time of 60 min and a particle size of 5 mm with nitrogen as a carrier gas. The relationship between temperature and the properties of coconut shell charcoal has been ascertained by the findings of this analysis. The relatively high the temperature, the better the charcoal quality, but the lowest the charcoal yields, since the secondary pyrolysis reaction expends charcoal. It was noted that, up to a final temperature of 500 °C, the yield reduction was rapid; after that, it was slower at 550 °C and almost stable at 600 °C. According to the charcoal's proximate analysis, the calorific value, fixed carbon content, carbon content and ash content increased with temperature. Whereas, the charcoal density, volatile matter, moisture content, and conversion efficiencies decrease with temperature. The presence of nitrogen gas appears to have reduced combustion reactions that promote the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The methods produce the least amount of air pollutants (96 g carbon monoxide (CO), 167 g CO2, and 64 g methane (CH4) per 1 kg of charcoal production). The type of biomass and carbonization kiln has an impact on the production of CO, CO2, and CH4. Thus, the carbonization reactor used in this study has the potentials to produce an eco-friendly charcoal with superior quality properties that can assist in reducing environmental pollution, by proper selections of carbonization temperature.


Negative phase velocity metamaterials (NPM) are engineered media currently enjoying a surge of interest due to their interesting properties and potential applications. Their nonlinear behaviour will be intrinsic to the Holy Grail quest for power control. This is a hot topic that is only just being explored as evidenced by a rapidly increasing number of publications over the past few years. With the introduction of power comes the possibility of solitons and it is important to recognise that damping, arising from both the environment and the material, must be offset by the introduction of gain. In this context the investigation considers what are known as dissipative solitons, within a pumping, multi-stable configuration, designed as a ring or Fabry-Perot cavity. Several exciting scenarios will be presented and particular attention is devoted to the nonlinearity displayed by well-known 'artificial' molecules such as split rings and omega particles. The desire to create metamaterials that reach out to optical frequencies is acknowledged through a discussion of scalability. Detailed studies of the cavity stability regimes lead to some novel possibilities for cavity control. The presentation will be rounded off with a generalised theory of metamaterial behaviour in nonlinear environments that is based upon a novel approach using what is sometimes called the nonlinear Lorentz lemma. Extensive new numerical results will be used to illustrate the concepts outlined above.


Humor can improve a performance of creative problem solving; this phenomenon was repeatedly demonstrated in various studies. However, mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still unclear. We analyze the possible mechanisms of how humor facilitates creative problem solving. The experiment demonstrates that preliminary humor production facilitates insight problem solving. There is no such an effect in noninsight problems. Humor and stress relief similarly facilitate visual insight problem solving. We suggest that facilitation effect of humor and stress relief is based on the attentional mechanisms of defocusing.


We consider the one-dimensional catalytic branching process introduced by Dawson and Fleischmann, which is a modification of the super-Brownian motion. The catalysts are given by a nonnegative infinitely divisible random measure with independent increments. We give sufficient conditions for the global support of the process to be compact, and sufficient conditions for noncompact global support. Since the catalytic process is related to the heat equation, compact support may be surprising. On the other hand, the super-Brownian motion has compact global support. We find that all nonnegative stable random measures lead to compact global support, and we give an example of a very rarified Levy process which leads to noncompact global support.


Health professionals' benevolence has enabled politicians to resist moving the United States to a fully universal system of health insurance


Vast information sources like the Internet are very hard to browse or search, and using existing tools might be sometimes frustrating for many people. A number of techniques has been proposed to deliver user-oriented solutions. In this paper we present how query refinement, collaborative filtering and faceted browsing can be enriched with social networking and semantic web technologies, and brought together in one search and browsing information system. We claim that by introducing social networking and semantically enhanced search and browsing techniques the quality and user-friendliness of the information system is increased compared to classical, keyword-based query processing.


Recently, non-magnetic composites acting as microwave absorbing materials are gaining more attention due to their unique advantages. In this work, polypyrrole@reduced graphene oxide@liquid metal (PGL) composites were successfully prepared through a simple approach as efficient microwave absorbing materials. The impedance matching performance of the composite was accurately adjusted by controlling the amount of graphene oxide (GO) and polypyrrole layer. The optimum PGL composite obtained a reflection loss of −46.81 dB at a low frequency of 2.17 GHz. This method provides a reference path in liquid metal-based non-magnetic microwave absorbing materials.


The design, construction and performance of concrete cut-offs, and grout curtains, as dam seepage remediations in carbonate foundations is reviewed. Recent experiences when attempting to build concrete cut-offs through hard and highly permeable rock masses have led the authors to develop the concept of "composite cut-offs" for seepage control. A campaign of high quality drilling, permeability testing and grouting is first conducted to pretreat the very permeable and/or clay-filled zones, to seal the clean fissures, and to provide an extremely detailed geological basis upon which to design the location and extent of the subsequent concrete wall (if in fact needed). Bearing in mind that the average cost of a concrete wall is many times that of a grouted cut-off, and that there is currently a shortfall in industry capacity to construct the former, the concept of a "composite wall" is logical, timely and cost effective.


Summary. A comparison of observed decay spectra of diffracted P and SH waves, with theoretical results for a standard (PEM-C) model, reveals characteristic differences between P and SH, and between observational and model data. As a prerequisite to a joint interpretation of these characteristics, the effects of various realistic structures near the core—mantle boundary (CMB) are formulated and quantified. The following possibilities are considered: (1) velocity gradients in the mantle, (2) density and velocity contrasts across CMB, including the possibility of rigidity in the core, (3) anelastic damping, (4) scattering by a rough CMB, (5) scattering by heterogeneity in the mantle above CMB. Specific conclusions with regard to the effects of admissible changes in each of these model parameters are given in appropriate sections of the paper. Generally, the effects are different for P, SH and SV and the results indicate that, when taking these effects into account, the resolution of velocity structure at the base of the mantle can be significantly improved by a joint inversion of P and S diffraction data.

Theoretical aspects of the paper include the formulation of wave interaction with the interface as an excitation problem. This involves: (1) finding an equivalent dislocation or source distribution on the interface and (2) evaluating the excited wave field. The general form includes the classical reflection and refraction of elastic waves, as well as diffraction and scattering phenomena by a smooth or slightly rough interface. Following Richards, the wavefield is represented by scalar potentials and WKBJ solutions to the vertical wavefunctions are extended by Langer's approximation. In these circumstances, the relation between a spherical and flat geometry is given by a ray geometrical earth-flattening transformation of velocity, and an explicit density transformation is not required. The expressions for the first-order approximation of mode conversions and energy loss during wave passage through a rough boundary or structure, may also be applied to other scattering problems and some examples are given for frequencies up to 1 Hz. They illustrate the range of validity of the first-order approximation in various circumstances.


study we used a selection of peptide neurotoxins against the cardiac NaV1.5 channel to demonstrate the feasibility of screening slow-binding molecules by applying sophisticated voltage protocols, and acquiring stable, high quality recording for more than 30mins. The toxins used were: 1) JingZhaotoxin-II which is a potentiator or positive modulator of NaV1.5 channels, 2) ProTx-II, which is an inhibitor of NaV1.5 channels, and 3) u-Conotoxin PIIIA a NaV1.4 inhibitor was used as a negative control. The IonWorks Barracuda Plus platform was used for these studies. Results are presented which are in good agreement with peer-reviewed publications. Taken together, these results demonstrate the high-throughput capabilities of this platform for measuring peptide toxins targeted against ion channels.


Various technologies have been developed to better improve lifestyles, including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), used in multiple areas of research and consisting of a large number of sensor nodes. Drums in the area of interest, sensors collect data and transmit it to the base station (BS). Therefore, the key indicator for the design of WSN is the lifetime of the network. In this article, we provide an optimized GAF routing protocol that has been improved to optimize power consumption. It provides a multi-target version, which can maximize the coverage of communication between nodes to improve coverage efficiency. This is one of the key issues in the deployment of the sensor network, followed by the elected leader to minimize the proportion of active sensor nodes. The end goal is to minimize energy consumption. All these objectives are taken into account in our proposed version. The experimental results prove that in terms of performance, number of dead nodes, and energy consumption, the objectives proposed by this new version of GAF are superior to the existing basic and optimized GAF-GAF research. The practice has proven that the proposed target GAF can improve network lifetime.


Different choice to the Model of the Administrative Imperative Implementation in China has different lawful sense to realise the goal of administration and protect the legal rights and interests of private party in the administrative process.The present author,based on appraising present model that judiciary is dominant,puts forward a mingled model that administration is dominant.And it indicates that it is in the principle of that administrative ogran that takes initiative to implement,to allow applying for imperative implementation of People's Court.