The rainbow is a bridge between the two cultures: poets and scientists alike have long been challenged to describe it. The scientific description is often supposed to be a simple problem in geometrical optics, a problem that was solved long ago and that holds inter est today only as a historical exercise. This is not so: a satisfactory quantitative theory of the rainbow has been devel oped only in the past few years. More over, that theory involves much more than geometrical optics; it draws on all we know of the nature of light. Allow ance must be made for wavelike proper ties, such as interference, diffraction and polarization, and for particlelike prop erties, such as the momentum carried by a beam of light. Some of the most powerful tools of mathematical physics were devised ex plicitly to deal with the problem of the rainbow and with closely related prob lems. Indeed, the rainbow has served as a touchstone for testing theories of op tics. With the more successful of those theories it is now possible to describe the rainbow mathematically, that is, to pre dict the distribution of light in the sky. The same methods can also be applied to related phenomena, such as the bright ring of color called the glory, and even to other kinds of rainbows, such as atomic and nuclear ones. Scientific insight has not always been welcomed without reservations. Goethe wrote that Newton's analysis of the rain bow's colors would "cripple Nature's heart. " A similar sentiment was ex pressed by Charles Lamb and John Keats; at a dinner party in 1817 they proposed a toast: "Newton's health. and confusion to mathematics. " Yet the sci entists who have contributed to the the ory of the rainbow are by no means in sensitive to the rainbow's beauty. In the words of Descartes: "The rainbow is such a remarkable marvel of Nature . . . that I could hardly choose a more suitable example for the application of my method. " The single bright arc seen after a rain shower or in the spray of a waterfall is


The purpose of the present study was to determine whether "disfluencies" in the speech of nonstutterers occur most frequently on words possessing the four linguistic attributes which Brown (1945) r...


This study examines the species diversity, relative abundance, and length structure of oceanic sharks caught by the Venezuelan longline fishery targeting swordfish and tuna. Shark catch data was collected by scientific observers during the period 1994 to 2003. The total shark catch was comprised of 25 species, in which the most frequently caught were Prionace glauca (34.8%) and Carcharhinus signatus (20.2%). Other common species in the catch composition were C. falciformis (8.5%), Sphyrna mokarran (6.8%), and Isuru oxyrinchus (6.2%). The inter-annual variation of the Shannon-Wiener index was characterized by an apparent loss of the shark diversity throughout the time series. Kriging map showed that areas with relative high diversity values were located in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, primarily in areas close to the islands and coast of Venezuela. Other areas with significant diversity values corresponded to the inner arc of the Lesser Antilles and the Suriname shelf. The analysis of catch per unit effort trends for the five most common species revealed that all series had a negative slopes, but only one (C. falciformis) was statistically significant. Shark catches for the most important species comprised a large proportion of juveniles. Major efforts will be needed to generate steady scientific information required for stock assessment.


Abstract : Health care reform emphasizes cost containment while ensuring access to quality care. Shifting health care delivery from the hospital to outpatient settings and establishing preadmission criteria has proved effective in reducing costs. A proposal at Naval Medical Center, San Diego is to hire registered nurses for preadmission certification. To determine the feasibility of the proposed hiring, variables (age, gender, beneficiary status, proximity of home/duty, possession of health insurance and admitting service) were examined to determine impact on the appropriateness of patient admissions. A one way analysis of variance was conducted on a sample of randomly selected patients (N=115; (1,113 d.f.l). 'Age' (F=2.60, p=.0002), Internal Medicine (F=8.576, p=.004) and Gynecology (F=7.088, p=.009) were identified as statistically impacting the appropriateness of admissions.


This paper surveys the nature and the history of education in British Honduras, showing the impact of the political, economic, and religious situation. The reports of B. H. Easter and J. C. Dixon in the 1930's on the condition of education are discussed and their current significance can be seen in comparing their conclusions with those of a 1964 Unesco report on education in British Honduras. The present state of educational provision is also examined in the light of its historical context.


Intracrystalline modification of calcium carbonates by macromolecules is a fascinating process that offers insights into potential pathways for modifying the material properties of inorganic solids. Recently, we reported on the induction of intracrystalline nanoporosities within calcite by the nacre layer intracrystalline protein, AP7 (Haliotis rufescens). In this report we revisited this AP7-mediated phenomenon and tracked time-dependent intracrystalline porosity formation during in vitro mineralization using FIB/SEM serial milling. We find that AP7 induces intracrystalline nanoporosities as early as 1 min of elapsed assay time. Quantitation of pore regions confirms that average cross-sectional volume (ACSV), average void volume (AVV), and percent porosity parameters increase over time, leading to the formation of porous calcite crystals with a high surface-to-volume ratio. FIB serial milling, SEM imaging, and 3-D tomography revealed the presence of unexpected semicontinuous channels and cavities in the ...


~lJER.NHERr;, Cermany (AP) Ch llhhy :Walthe!" Funk, Hit· Ifr's pur;;ekecper, br'ok~ down in tNlrs yesterday when 'he IIno his ~ui eohol't, J'eeeived their copies of the indictment for tho war rrimes tJ'ials in Nucl'Ilbel'g Nov. 20. The sobbing Plink, who as minist!'r of economic~ channeled el'ery cent in the rpich lo ~H r ppOl't his fuehrer's wal', declared: "I would like to sCle Rome officer appointed by the court. in ord r to disclIss my defense. I Clln requcst counsel at once, can't IT" , I am trying to preserve my health! I have the greatest interest in the conclusion of this trial!" Funk shouted. Funk, 55, was knowu in his cabinet days for his love of good food and drink. The other 22 defendants--Hitlel"R deputy Martiu Bormann still is mi. sing-rcceived the indictments mnch more calmly, although some showed agitation about havTOKYP (AP)--Japan's liberated Communist minority-long imprisoned for its radical views-~ought the help of its former foe, the Socialists, yesterday for the bi tier fi.2h tit nrnnoses against Premier Kijuro Shidehara's new government.


Objective
To compare the ultrafine chest drainage tube with traditional thick hose as lower tube after uniport thoracoscope pulmonary nodules resection(segmentectomy, lobectomy) and evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Methods
Ultrafine chest drainage tube was applied in 55 patients underwent uniport thoracoscopy pulmonary resection, and traditional thick closed drainage hose was applied in another 55 patients in the same period as the control group. Postoperative drainage quantity, drainage time, pain score and incision healing between two group were compared.

Results
No statistically difference was found in two groups at thoracic drainage quantity on 1 day, 2 days postoperative and total drainage time. But statistically difference was found in thoracic drainage quantity on 3 days postoperative, pain score and incision healing(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Ultrafine chest drainage tube has little trauma, definite clinical effect and can be easily accepted by patients.

Key words:
Lobectomy; Ultrafine chest drainage tube; Uniport thoracoscope


This research is articulated from the clay framework as material wealth of the region of Norte de Santander, Colombia, and seeks to structure attributes of passive thermal cooling in a ceramic piece for low cost masonry type block cooked with physical, mechanical and thermals feasible characteristics for warm tropical weather conditions of 33 °C on average. This work is based on previous studies that explores the partitions structure morphology in Blocks H10 establishing a model of 6 horizontal cavities for low thermal conductivity and having oblique geometry partitions to interrupt heat conduction by direct thermal bridge inside of the constructive unit called Form-C, which is taken as the object of analysis, adding 5% organic coffee cisco additive in the 95% clay mixture to increase the porosity with a proportion that does not affect the deterioration of the mechanical properties and allow to optimize the thermal insulation capacity regarding to a traditional product. Methodologies: in the first phase, prototypes of Block H10 with Form-A are manufactured by extrusion at the laboratory level as a comparative witness of the properties of a standard piece and Form-C as a piece with thermo-insulating strategies to execute physical-ceramic, geometric evaluations of mechanical resistance and water absorption applying the Norma Técnica Colombiana 4017 for masonry units. In the second stage, simulations of temperature distribution and heat flow are prepared by finite element method in ANSYS R16 software to determine the incidence of the variables in the mixture on heat transfer. The results obtained from thermal simulations show an energy decrease of 1.5 °C on average in relation to Form-A. In conclusion, the use of agro industrial scraps and the implementation of passive design techniques in the ceramic piece generate added value in a product that can be industrialized with improvements in technological properties from a thermal efficiency perspective in construction ceramics.


In order to overcome the deficiency of simplex optimization algorithm,the optimized design program of ship lines with own intellectual property was developed by combining the genetic algorithm(GA) and nonlinear programming(NLP) method.In the optimization process,the hybrid optimization algorithm was proposed with wave-making resistance as the objective function,with an appropriate displacement as a basic constraint condition and the parameters of hull form modification function as design variables.At last,the numerical optimization examples for Wigley hull form were provided,which indicates that the result of hybrid optimization algorithm is more excellent than the simplex optimization algorithm in the time and effect.In the preliminary design of a ship,the algorithm can provide the theoretical foundation and technical support for selecting the lines of ships.


The communication system includes a plurality of terminal accommodation apparatuses 200 for accommodating terminals 3c, 3d, a communication apparatus 1 connected to an IP network 4, and digital subscriber lines (DSL) L3 for connecting the plurality of terminal accommodation apparatuses 200 and the communication apparatus 1. The terminal accommodation apparatus 200 includes a PCM (pulse code modulation) modulator and a subscriber line interface. The PCM modulator converts a voice signal received from the terminal 3c to PCM data. The subscriber line interface transmits data including the PCM data to the communication apparatus 1 via the metallic subscriber line L3. The communication apparatus 1 includes an IP converter for converting the PCM data to an IP (Internet protocol) packet. In the communication apparatus of the present invention, all the PCM data sent from the many terminal accommodation apparatuses are collected to the IP converter and the IP converter converts all the PCM data to the IP packets. Thus, compared with a communication system having the VoIP processing unit installed in each of the terminal accomodation apparatus, the number of VoIP processing units and the conversion process of the PCM data to the IP packet can be reduced.


The first clinical descriptions of skin conditions and their treatments date back to 1600 bce in ancient Egypt, where medicinal healers treated such conditions as psoriasis, ulcers, alopecia, hypertrichosis, and scabies. Hippocrates, Pluto, and Aristotle, ancient Greek physicians, adopted Egyptian healing traditions for skin disorders and coined many of the technical terms, such as alopecia, exanthem, lichen, psoriasis, leprosy, gangrene, and edema, that we still use in dermatology today. Although few advances in our understanding of skin disorders occurred during the Middle Ages, we did acquire a broader understanding of venereal diseases and leprosy.1


Peptic ulcer is a common health problem in Pakistan.The study is aimed to evaluate the case management of peptic ulcer at community pharmacies in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at 60 community pharmacies sampled by convenient sampling, 30 from each city. The tool used for this purpose of data collecting is WHO simulated patient form modified according to objectives. The data was coded, entered and analyzed by using SPSS Version 16. Mann-Whitney test (p≤0.05) was applied to find out differences. Indicators of history taking and provision of advice provided by the dispenser about peptic ulcer in Islamabad were: age 20 % (6), heartburn 90% (27), nausea and vomiting 30%(9), burning sensation at sleep 20% (6), patients having acidity 83.3% (25), patients referred to doctor 53.3%(16) ,dose 70%(21), frequency 70% (21), duration 73.3% (22) and the information about side effects 20% (6). While in Rawalpindi 10% (3) age, heartburn 86.7 % (26), nausea and vomiting 13.3% (4), patients experiencing burning sensation at sleep time 6.7 %(2) and patients having acidity76.7 % (23). Patients referred to doctor 60% (18), counseling of patient regarding dose 80% (24), frequency 83.3% (25), duration 86.7% (26) and side effects 16.7% (5). The mean number of drugs prescribed in Islamabad and Rawalpindi were 2.77 and 2.47 respectively. Mean cost of treatment offered in Islamabad was 92.4 rupees while in Rawalpindi 102.7 rupees. Average consultation time in Islamabad was 1.97 minutes and in Rawalpindi was 2.33 minutes. No significant difference was observed in the process of history taking and provision of advice in both cities as the observed p values 0.168 and 0.233 respectively are not less than (p ≤0.005) at community pharmacy/medical store(s). It is concluded that there is no significant difference in the process of history taking and provision of counseling in both the cities. The treatment of peptic ulcer at community pharmacies is not cost effective. Approximately half of the visits in both cities were referred to doctors.


Objective: To observe the effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion on behavioral results in depression model rats.Methods: Female SD rats are induced into depression model by giving alone in combination with 21 days of chronic unexpected mild stress.Open-Field was used to test crossing and rearing,Sucrose consumption test was used to calculate the percentage of sucrose intake,Morris water maze was employed to evaluate learning and memory abilities.Results: Compared to rats in the model group,rats in the heat-sensitive moxibustion group showed that both crossing scores and rearing scores were increased,the percentage of sucrose intake was risen and the escape period was shorten.Conclusion: Heat-sensitive moxibustion has improved the symptoms of depression.


We report on the fabrication of a large pitch hollow-core fiber designed for maximizing energy transmission at 1064nm. Due to an air-mode/silica overlap reduced to 0.05%, a first demonstration of 4mJ nanosecond-pulses coupling is achieved.


Abstract Application Services Providers (ASPs) exploit the economics of delivering commercial off-the-shelf software over the Internet to many dispersed users. The decision to adopt the ASP business model requires a broad consideration of various factors. Also, ASPs need to develop effective strategies to survive and develop in their market. In this paper, the role of ASPs in the hospitality industry, particularly the hotel industry is explored, and different services provided by ASPs are examined. Further, based on a literature review and a study of a successful ASP, a framework is developed to investigate customers' requirements for ASPs as well as the strategies used by ASPs to facilitate customers' operations.


Although there are many kinds of OA management system in the current market, the high price and the huge function do not accord with the actual demand of the small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, OA management platform based on SQL database platform for the actual needs of small and medium-sized enterprises was proposed in this paper. The theories of SQL database and OA system were described in detail in this paper, and then the actual needs of OA management system for small and medium enterprises were analyzed. The overall framework of the OA management system was constructed by using the B/S structure, and then the functional modules of the OA management system were designed according to the actual analysis results. Finally, the entire OA management system functions and system testing were carried out. The test results showed that the system was a stable operation, simple operation, high applicability of the platform and the module functions were in line with the actual needs of small and medium enterprises OA management system.


This article explores the ways in which the idea of social justice has been utilized during this century as an idee‐force in Chilean politics. It stresses the Catholic background of the concept and shows how it has been adapted to the political objectives of several doctrinal streams. The idea of social justice has been a powerful ideological instrument for governments in their attempts to deal with the social expectations of the electorate and to create a broad consensus between different political and social sectors. This idea has also been historically related to an active state role in the search for equity through income distribution and the adoption of progressive social legislation. While the recent military government (1973‐90) radically reformulated both the social function of the state and the official definition of social justice, the current democratic authorities seem to have readopted the idea of social justice as a key element in their ideological discourse.


Abstract This article analyses the production of caricatures in post-revolutionary Paris, specifically the role of publishers and artists and the constraints of censorship within society of that time. By considering such factors in the light of English caricature production, we will outline the exchanges that took place between London and Paris at the turn of the nineteenth century and demonstrate that the two cities' comic print productions were subject to reciprocal influences. Two caricatures contrast the French and the English: French Liberty, British Slavery by James Gillray (published in London in 1792, Fig. 1) and Le Supreme bon ton n° 12 ['Supreme Good Taste No 12'], attributed to Carle Vernet (published c. 1802 in Paris, Fig. 2). Both provide a comparison between the French and the English, but despite their shared theme, they also provide a stark contrast between the different styles of French and English caricature at the turn of the nineteenth century. Gillray's figures of the scrawny Frenchman chewing on onions and the grotesque Englishman tucking into his roast beef are severely exaggerated representations of reality. The figures represented in Le Supreme bon ton, however, are far from ruthless satire. They are more figurative, almost in the style of fashionplates rather than caricature. In fact, it is only in comparison to un-caricatured fashion-plates that the caricatured elements of this image become apparent: the overly-coiffed hair of the Frenchman on the left, the portly Englishman on the right and the slightly deformed profiles of the other English figures to the right of the plate. This difference in style can largely be attributed to the different social and political situations in Britain and France at this time. The golden age of English caricature (c. 1760-1820) is well documented. James Gillray, Isaac Cruikshank and Thomas Rowlandson, amongst others, were admired and feared for their graphic talents. The emergence of this wave of caricaturists has been traced to various factors, including political and economic stability,1 the rise of consumer society,2 and the improvement of academic etching and engraving.3 This confluence of factors, specific to time and place, has since received considerable academic attention. This is not the case, however, for French caricature of the same period: with the exception of caricature produced during the French Revolution, French satirical prints published before 1830 have been largely ignored. And yet, the huge collections of French caricature at the British Museum and at the Cabinet des Estampes are testament to the emerging market for comic prints in Paris immediately after the tumultuous years of the Revolution. This market thrived in post-revolutionary Paris, dominated by a small group of publishers, who met the demands of the society of the time while conforming to the strict standards set by the administration. Perhaps the comparative lack of interest in French caricature of this period is due to the anonymity of the artists. London caricaturists such as James Gillray (1757-1815) and Isaac Cruikshank (1764-1811) were recognised both as artists and as political commentators by their contemporaries. On the other hand, French caricatures are often unsigned, with the result that French caricaturists did not enjoy the same recognition as their English counterparts. Furthermore, there are few archive resources available to reconstruct the lives of the caricaturists whose names we do have. However, the commercial nature of caricature means that we must bear in mind the role of the publisher, as well as the artist. In the case of Paris, it is the details and records of the publishers that have survived more often than those of the artists. Unlike in London, where publishers competed to work with celebrated caricaturists,4 publishers in Paris played a more prominent role in caricature production than even the artists and artisans. …


This paper examines the Homeric influence on Lucan; it is argued that Caesar's first speech is modelled on Achilles' speeches to Agamemnon and the Achaean embassy in the Iliad. Furthermore, Caesar's last words to the dead Pompey refer back to the first speech of Caesar in the BC and by intertextual relation to Achilles' speech to Agamemnon in the Iliad. Although the poet overall represents Caesar in a pattern of mercantile activity striving for wealth and world domination, he also allows him in his speeches to take recourse to Achilles' rationale of fighting for the restoration of his honour and spoils which have been forfeited. * .


Rapeseed meal was fermented by laboratory screening stains under solid state.The changes of glucosinolates,crude protein,rapeseed peptide,lactic acid of rapeseed meal and the in vitro digestibility of protein were studied.The results showed that the degradation rate of glucosinolates was 53.4%,the contents of crude protein and rapeseed peptide increased from 39.99% to 45.84%,and from 2.48% to 10.58%,respectively.The composition of amino acid had a certain change and its content increased.The rapid in vitro digestibility of protein increased by 1.94%,and the content of benefical metabolite lactic acid increased from 1.03% to 2.53%.


Objective To investigate the common reasons of perforation after cleft palate repair,and put forward the preventive methods. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with cleft repair were reviewed and analyzed . Results The perforation after cleft palate repair was relevant to many factors and the excessive trauma and seperation were both important reasons. Conclusion The perforation after cleft palate repair is the common effective result of multiple factors and it is necessary to prevent purposely the perforation.


The study confirms the author's constant concerns to evaluate the modern /postmodern Romanian space, the transition effects and the involvement of the Romanian elite in (re)configuring a new political, economic, social and cultural profile. The article proposes a comparative picture, appealing to the postmodern versus rule: communism vs. postmodern, qualitative analysis vs. quantitative analysis, old elite vs. new elite. Without choosing to present hard and categorical conclusions, the study launches the large lines of the Romanian attempt to consort with Western political, economic, social and cultural perspective and to overcome blocking the canon.


Excessive large gap of joint between caissons easily lead to the rear backfill leaking into harbor basin, to cause a differential settlement of the rear terminals and even affect the structural stability. With the case about caisson wharf of a harbor in southern China, this paper puts forward a rehabilitation technology of caisson joints with mold bag concrete as the major filler. The key technologies are introduced in detail including the mold bag production and installation, the height computation of laminated pouring of concrete and underwater concreting, etc. This technical maintenance is reasonable in economy and practicable in technology, worthy of promotion.


Cultivating experiments of winter potato covering with the black plastic film were studied in 2005 and 2010.The results showed that,to compare with the control,the sprout time of winter potato covered black plastic film decrease by 11d;the time from sprout to complete emergence reduced by 4d;biomass of leaf and stem significantly increased;tuber yield significantly increased;rate of large tuber increased,and rate of cracked tuber decreased.


Angiotensin II and its antagonists were used as permeant probes to investigate the mechanism of transdermal iontophoretic delivery of peptide/protein drugs and compare the effect of hydrophobic difference between the peptides drugs on the skin permeability. Transport of angiotensin II and its antagonists through excised rabbit pinna skin were enhanced with iontophoresis by monophase periodically pulsed current, amplituide=1mA, frequency=1000Hz and on/off ratio equals 50%. The delivery rate was proportional both to the current intensity and pulse duration of the stimulation. Results showed that the permeation rate of [Sar, Ile] Angiotensin II > [Sar,Ala]Angiotensin II > Angiotensin II. Iontophoretic mobility and hydrophobicity were the key factors dominating the transdermal iontophoretic delivery rate of angiotensin II and its antagonists.


or between serum and urine. As Figure 1 shows, using this assay for urines with very heavy concentrations of protein will result in gross underestimates of the protein concentration. We have resolved this problem by including an additional "test": adding only 20 L of sample, instead of 100 1zL, so that at least one "test" will show turbidity if protein is present. Because the standard curve for the method is linear only to 2 g/L, samples displaying heavy proteinuria will require a series of dilutions for an accurate result to be obtained; therefore, this modification is not unduly arduous. However, in view of the risks involved in missing heavy proteinuria, we do not consider this a satisfactory procedure for the routine measurement of urine protein.


A Modbus server gateway is designed based on uC/OS-II and lwIP.By the conversion of Modbus RTU/ASCII and Modbus TCP protocols,Modbus equipments over serial line and TCP/IP can communicate seamlessly and easily.Composed of several modules,the gateway creates multi-thread to deal with the receiving and sending of lwIP and the switching between Modbus RTU/ASCII and Modbus TCP.It also sets up a number of buffers to store Modbus frames.This mechanism effectively solves the problem that network packet collecting speed does not match the processing speed,ensures that all the Modbus frame can be processed sooner or later,and increases the data throughput greatly.


The Irish Nobel laureate Samuel Beckett's (1902-1989) early writings of the 1930s and 1940s depict the cities of Dublin, London and Saint-Lo in post-war France, with affective, comedic and existential flourishes, respectively. These early works, besides reflecting the experience of Beckett's travels through interwar Europe, illustrate a shift in his literary perspective from a latent Cartesian verisimilitude to a more phenomenological, fragmented and dissolute impression of place. This evolution in Beckett's writing style exemplifies a wider transformation in perception and thought rooted in epistemological, cultural and philosophical trends associated with the Continental avant garde emerging in the wake of the fin de siecle. As Henri Lefebvre has noted:


ELECTRONICS is devoted to Integrated Optics and Optoelectronics. A total of 64 submissions were received, and the referees suggested acceptance of 29. Special thanks are due to the referees who provided very rapid feedback on the papers, in most cases within a week, and in some within a day or two. The papers have been sorted into four sections: 1) modeling, simulation, and theory; 2) waveguides and passive devices; 3) active devices; and 4) detectors and receivers. The modeling section includes papers on analysis of optical structures in anisotropic media, vector integral equation methods for analyzing guides, analysis of leaky modes and bends in guides. It also includes modeling of photonic bandgap structures, modulators, wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) components, guide-to-fiber coupling and filters. The waveguide section has an invited paper on magnetically anisotropic devices, and papers on fabrication methods for guides and gratings and a technique for coupling fibers and guides. The active devices section has an invited paper on WDM sources, and papers on sampled grating lasers, lateral injection lasers, lasers with mode expansion techniques, rare-earth-doped dielectric waveguide lasers, semiconductor amplifiers, and potential sources in other materials. The final section on detectors includes papers on integrated detectors and photoreceivers.


In this paper we describe the evaluation of various parameters in establishing their prognostic value of the water quality in the water distribution system. Our application was validated using real data from the actual status of distribution networks in Romania. The study was performed on percentages of the equipment deficits, age equipment and incorrect sample and the statistical analysis was based on logistic regression. We concluded by using mathematical and statistical methods, that an accurate age equipment is one of the most important and essential information in the analysis report


When thinking of gravity in geodesy and geophysics, one usually thinks of its magnitude, often referred to a reference field, the normal gravity.  It is, after all, the free-air gravity anomaly that plays the significant role in terrestrial data bases that lead to Earth Gravitational Models (such as EGM96 or EGM2008) for a multitude of geodetic and geophysical applications.  It is the Bouguer anomaly that geologists and exploration geophysicists use to infer deep crustal density anomalies.  Yet, it was also Pierre Bouguer (1698-1758) who, using the measured direction of gravity, was the first to endeavor a determination of Earth’s mean density (to “weigh the Earth”), that is, by observing the deflection of the vertical due to Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.  Bouguer’s results, moreover, sowed initial seeds for the theories of isostasy.  With these auspicious beginnings, the deflection of the vertical has been an important, if not illustrious, player in geodetic history that continues to the present day.  Neglecting the vertical deflection in fundamental surveying campaigns in the mid to late 18th century (e.g., Lacaille in South Africa and Méchain and Delambre in France) led to errors in the perceived shape of the Earth, as well as its scale that influenced the definition of the length of a meter.  The vertical deflection, though generally excluded from modern EGM developments, nevertheless forms a valuable resource to validate such models.  It is also the vertical deflection that is indispensable for precision autonomous navigation (i.e., without external aids such as GPS) using inertial measurement units.  It is the deflection of the vertical that, measured solely along horizontal lines, would readily provide geoid undulation profiles, essential for the modernization of height systems (i.e., vertical geodetic control) without the laborious and traditional methods of spirit leveling.  But, measuring the deflection of the vertical is itself an arduous undertaking and this has essentially contributed to its neglect and/or underusage.  Even Vening-Meinesz’s formulas of convolution with gravity anomalies do not greatly facilitate its determination.  This presentation offers a review of the many roles the vertical deflection has, or could have, played over the centuries, how it has been measured or computed, and how gravity gradiometry might eventually awaken its full potential.


Heating aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds carrying a carbonyl and an arylazo group at adjacent nuclear positions with triethyl phosphite resulted in the formation of a 1,2-diazole ring through reductive cyclizations. Similar, but oxidative, cyclizations were effected by the action of selenium dioxide on compounds with a methylene group at an appropriate position.


OBJECTIVE To investigate whether efflux mechanism is involved in fluoroquinolone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in China. METHODS We compared the ciprofloxacin accumulation in clinically isolated K. pneumoniae with or without CCCP by fluorospectrophotometry. Use reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the mRNA expression level of acrAB-tolC efflux gene. RESULTS The accumulation of ciprofloxacin in resistant strains was lower than that in susceptible ones, and it could increase to a high level nearly to the susceptible strains. The mRNA level of efflux gene acrA was higher in resistant strains than in susceptible ones. CONCLUSIONS Efflux mechanism is associated with the resistance to fluroquinolones in K. pneumoniae strains isolated in China and CCCP can inhibit its active efflux mechanism , which provides a sensitive method to detect the active efflux system of K. pneumoniae.


existing literature on global governance. It forces us to think anew not only about the normative status of IOs in world politics but also about the ways in which accountability can be organized in global governance. The book is very nicely positioned at the intersection of three prominent developments that are typically explored in separate literatures: chains of delegation from member states to IOs to implementing agents, growing attention to accountability as a principle of good governance, and the increasing involvement of nonstate actors in global governance. The book successfully brings these developments together to help us better understand when and why pluralist accountability, as a novel phenomenon in world politics, emerges in response to violations by IOs and their agents. The theory is attractively parsimonious and the empirical demonstration of its applicability impressive, rich, and broad. Yet the book also raises a number of questions about pluralist accountability, pointing to a fruitful agenda for future research. A first question concerns the relationship between vertical and pluralist accountability. Is the emergence of pluralist accountability really independent from the availability and effectiveness of vertical accountability, as the book suggests? Or could access to effective vertical accountability, whereby member states hold IOs accountable, and IOs hold implementing agents accountable, be a third condition shaping the likelihood of pluralist accountability? Hirschmann argues that pluralist accountability develops independently of preexisting accountability mechanisms, which challenges common assumptions that institutional development in global governance is demand driven. It also suggests that accountability in global governance, as a result, may be subject to unnecessary duplication and competition, rather than functional complementarities. A second question pertains to the potential for pluralist accountability in domains other than human rights. Is there something specific about human rights violations that makes pluralist accountability particularly likely in this area and reduces the likelihood that we will see similar types of accountability emerging in response to IO actions in other fields? The concept of pluralist accountability does not per se assume that the actions IOs and implementing agents are held accountable for are human rights violations. In theory, IOs could be held accountable by external actors for policy mishaps in a whole range of areas in which individual rights are less pronounced or nonexistent. Yet all cases in the book focus on human rights violations, and it appears likely that pluralist accountability is greatly facilitated by there being clearly recognized rights that external actors can invoke as they seek to hold IOs and implementing agents accountable. In other areas, external actors may be left with naming and shaming as a weaker tool for pressuring IOs to live up to their standards. Finally, the book invites a systematic analysis of the consequences of accountability. In particular, how does it affect the perceived legitimacy of IOs if they are not properly held accountable for their actions, and what are the consequences of such accountability for the effectiveness of IOs in tackling the problems that motivated their creation? The book makes a case for why pluralist accountability is normatively desirable: it involves a broader range of societal actors in the protection of rights in global governance. Yet normative attractiveness need not translate into legitimacy and effectiveness. Fortunately, a growing line of research suggests that IO designs that provide for accountability mechanisms and involve nonstate actors positively influence people's perceptions of IO legitimacy. And although Hirschmann's book does not aim to deliver a verdict on the effectiveness of pluralist accountability, it does suggest that such mechanisms, under favorable conditions, can help ensure desirable IO performance.


In 2003 the Japanese government announced a 5-year plan to educate Japanese youth to be able to use English in the workplace. The idea originated from a proposal to adopt ''English as an official language'' in the government's vision for the twenty-first century that was formulated in 2000 (Prime Minister's Commission on Japan's Goals in the 21 Century). In July 2002, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sports and Technology (MEXT) released a document entitled 'Developing a Strategic Plan to Cultivate ''Japanese with English Abilities''' (hereafter SPJE 2002), followed by another document, 'Regarding the Establishment of an Action Plan to Cultivate ''Japanese with English Abilities''' (hereafter APJE 2003), which was published in March 2003. The expression ''Japanese with English abilities'' is used in the official English versions of both the strategic plan and the action plan. The original Japanese [eigo ga tsukaeru nihonjin], however, is a rather informal expression that literally means ''Japanese who can use English'', a phrase that has been widely used since the release of the strategic plan. The plan to cultivate ''Japanese who can use English'' reflects the current situation surrounding TEFL (Teaching of English as a Foreign Language) in many ways. This article will examine the policy texts of the plans and other related documents, and argue that the texts themselves embody problems and contradictions in the government's attempt to promote English as a means of boosting the economy. These two policy texts are products of the necessary compromise between the maintenance of Japan's cultural independence and the promotion of English as an indispensable tool for international market competitiveness. I will also demonstrate that there is rhetorical continuity between the policy texts and public discourse, which indicates that the Japanese government's agenda of maintaining cultural independence in an era of


The effect of alloying elements and microstructure on CO2 corrosion of steels was reviewed.The review discussed the relations of morphology,structure and protection property of CO2 corrosion scale to composition and microstructure of steel.The present electrochemistry investigation status of CO2 corrosion was also analyzed.Then the difficulty and key directions for further investigations were pointed out.


The obligation to give a Presidential Address is a small price to pay for the honour of being elected to the Presidency of the British Institute of Radiology. Nevertheless, I suspect I have not been the only President to suffer a period of considerable anguish while deciding what to say and how to say it, nor the first to go back to the earliest volumes of the Archives of Clinical Skiagraphy and the Archives of the Roentgen Ray for ideas which might help in the preparation of the address, and, in doing so, to find the search of the early literature to be a most absorbing occupation, not least because of the surprisingly topical nature of so much of what was written or said in those days. For instance, most of us would consider that preoccupation with the hazards of radiation, particularly on the part of the general public, is a recent development. However, within a few years of the discovery of X rays we find a public disquiet arising from the press reports of serious radiation effects.


Excerpt With the advent of a reliable radioimmunoassay it has become possible to quantify serum digoxin levels. Whereas a high serum digoxin level helps confirm toxicity, some overlap with therapeu...


To reduce the environmental damage caused by coal waste landfills, it is necessary to look for rational methods for their management. One method for their development is the creation of soil-like substrates. This study aimed to assess the properties of soil-like substrates from coal mining waste, combined with a varied sample of sewage sludge and waste mineral wool. The properties of the substrates were evaluated in a pot experiment. The properties of the substrates and their yield potential were determined. Coal mining waste as a substrate, compared to anthropogenic soil, was characterized by a significantly higher sorption capacity; the content of alkaline cations and pH; significantly higher contents of organic carbon, nitrogen, and available forms of K and Mg; and a lower content of available P. The substrates enriched with sewage sludge showed a significant increase in content of organic carbon, nitrogen, and assimilable forms of P and Mg, as well as the optimization of sorption properties. Extending the composition of substrates with mineral wool resulted in further improvement of their properties. The yields of plants grown on coal mining waste were significantly lower than those of those grown on anthropogenic soil. Substrates with sewage sludge and mineral wool had a significantly higher yield potential.


Northwest Wholesale is the leading antitrust case on concerted refusals to deal, but the underlying facts are enigmatic. The defendant wholesaling cooperative expelled the plaintiff from membership for reasons that are entirely unclear from the record. The plaintiff had annual sales of $7.6 million, but challenged the expulsion to the Supreme Court over a trifling $9,800 in annual rebates. This Article draws on interviews with the parties, lawyers, and other industry participants, as well as reviews of industry data and both parties' files, to explain the history and economics behind the expulsion and legal battle. The cooperative operated without salespeople, resulting in very high net profit margins, which created incentives to expel members to retain their patronage rebates. The plaintiff was a natural target for expulsion, because it cherry-picked low-margin items, competed directly against the cooperative and many of its members, and created legal vulnerabilities for the cooperative. This Article concludes that the Supreme Court correctly granted certiorari over the Reagan Administration's objections, and correctly expanded the rule of reason beyond what even the Reagan Administration requested. This Article also vindicates the predictions of economists and legal scholars about the behavior of cooperatives.


The invention relates to a body structure (4) of a motor vehicle having a floor panel (38) having a directed to the motor vehicle interior inner side (38.1) and directed to the motor vehicle exterior outer side (38.2), and with at least one seat attachment (14) for securing a motor vehicle seat. In order to reduce road noise and wind resistance is provided, that the floor panel (38) on its outer side (38.1) is free of force mainly in the vehicle transverse direction (y) extending embossings or stiffeners. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle with a corresponding body structure (4) and a method for their preparation.


Background: Differentiating benign from malignant breast inflammatory conditions is crucial because they have totally different prognosis and management. Ultrasound Elastography can be used as a noninvasive tool for assessing inflammatory breast lesions. Strain Elastography can help pickup malignant inflammatory breast lesions and subsequently guide biopsy, while ruling out benign inflammatory lesions and sparing the patient unnecessary procedures. Aim of Study: Assess the diagnostic performance of strain ultrasound elastography added to the conventional B-mode ultrasound in evaluating inflammatory breast lesions. Patients and Methods: This study includes 33 female patients presenting with mastitis in the time period from September 2018 to October 2019. All breast lesions were assessed by Conventional B-mode ultrasound and Strain Elastography. Qualitative color-coded E-scoring and Semiquantitative SR (strain ratio) evaluation of the sonoelastographic images were performed. The results were compared to histopathologic diagnoses or follow-up for 2 weeks after antibiotic therapy, serving as reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and total accuracy were calculated for conventional B-mode ultrasound, and Strain elastography separately and then combined together. Statistical analysis was done using IBM© SPSS© Statistics version 22 (IBM© Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Kappa test tests were two-tailed. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Combined US and Elastography yielded the highest accuracy (96.2%) and Specificity (96%). E-score qualitative elastography yielded better accuracy (90.9%) and Specificity (90.3%) than Strain ratio, semiquantitative elastography. Abbreviations: Introduction INFLAMMATORY breast lesions can be caused by a wide range of etiological factors, whether infectious, non infectious or malignancy. In some cases, clear cut clinical and imaging differences between benign and malignant mastitis can be challenging which may hinder the diagnosis and management of these patients [1] . Ultrasound Elastography offers a non-invasive tool for assessment of breast lesions through evaluating lesion elasticity/stiffness because malignant lesions tend to be more stiff (harder) than benign ones. It has two main techniques, Strain elastography (SE) that uses vibration energy either by external manual compression or intrinsic movement such as breathing and Shear wave elastography (SWE) in which the ultrasound machine itself provides the vibration energy [2] . This is a prospective study to assess the added value of Ultrasound Elastography in terms of accurate diagnosis and consequent guidance for management planning of inflammatory Breast lesions. Material and Methods This prospective study includes 33 female patients presenting with mastitis during the time period from September 2018 to October 2019. Their age ranged from 19 to 70 years with mean


. The present work analyzes the various conditions in which there can be a bouncing universe solution in f ( R ) gravity. In the article an interesting method, to analyze the bouncing FRW solutions in a spatially flat universe using f ( R ) gravity models using an effective Einstein frame description of the process, is presented. The analysis shows that a cosmological bounce in the f ( R ) theory need not be described by an equivalent bounce in the Einstein frame description of the process where actually there may be no bounce at all. Nevertheless the Einstein frame description of the bouncing phenomena turns out to be immensely important as the dynamics of the bounce becomes amenable to logic based on general relativistic intuition. The theory of scalar cosmological perturbations in the bouncing universe models in f ( R ) theories has also been worked out in the Einstein frame.


The present invention provides a portable information terminal, and a control method of a portable information terminal. Tip 2 can provide joint application of technology to the user is easy to understand. Portable information terminals when a display screen combined source application is displayed, if accepted should start an activation instruction to the combined source application jointly combined target application meaning, in response to the start instruction, the capture display screen combined source application, thereby generating capture images (251). All combined target application having a display screen than the combined area of the source application as a small display area of the main display area (360). Primary portable information terminal (70) will be applied from a joint source in combination with the target application start delivered to the combined target application captured image (251) after the combined target application start-up display on the combined target application's display area (360) of the peripheral region.


To the Editor: In recent years Italy has witnessed a consolidation of human resources and technology for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. This special development has raised a question, by some critics, about those surgeons intending to make senology their sole professional interest: ''What does the senologist surgeon after all actually do? Who is he or she?'' The answer is simple. Senology is an interdiscipline based on the values of respect, sharing, and empathy. Humanism, psychology, ethics, and science are the ingredients for making it into an art and high model of medical culture that makes survival longer and better (1–4). The senologist's role is recognized from the above. The European Parliament has made the fight against breast cancer a political health priority delegating to single states the task of building up a network of breast units with precise requirements (5). The senologist is a clinician. First he/she gathers information about the many risk factors connected with lifestyle, dietary habits, vices and dependencies, family history, body weight, physical activity, sexual and reproductive history, pregnancies, menopause, and hormonal treatments. Then he/she faces the clinical examination, which needs patience, time, calm, tact, and sensitivity. A lack of attention can lead to a scare (because it is thought a cancer has been felt) or to a delay (because a cancer is not actually felt). There, the woman and the senologist start a dialogue, forming the basis of a goal-orientated alliance. If cancer is looming on the horizon, it is up to the senologist to have a great ability to listen, to communicate, to direct the woman – keeping an Adriadne's clew – in the labyrinth of treatments and waiting times: never must the woman be allowed to suspect that she has been abandoned (6). The senologist-surgeon – Operating on breasts seems easy: big mistake, as that culture of ''demolition without saving'' belongs to a far distant past. Today the panorama has radically altered. The woman is knowledgeable, demanding, informed. And the senologist has intimately understood her tragedy when an horrendous scar is left or when the cosmetic result of a conservative option is disastrous because of bad practice. The new skills required are: planning the design of a targeted removal, understanding volumes and shapes that the breast will assume, anticipating the final outcome, remodeling the gland from inside, filling in the gaps, limiting the scars, respecting the symmetry. And guaranteeing above all else huge oncological competence. The senologist-researcher – Where there is also research, the quality of treatment is better. Research means: to analyze the clinical results of one's daily work, how many cases operated on, which techniques, which surgeons, what results, which complementary therapies, what relapse rates, how many deceased, and for what reasons. Without counting the hours spent in reviewing literature and discussing together the most peculiar cases, to understand where one went wrong and how not to repeat mistakes. This is clinical research, which one can do honorably even where the hospital is not supported by the genius of active scientists.


EU has targeted 20% renewable energy use by 2020 which has put great pressure on themember states to change energy production, and to use the energy in the most efficient way.New concepts are neede ...


Women in the medical and basic science fields are still entering a male dominated space when they enter into the academy. Two main questions guide this research: 1) what are the experiences of female academic medical and basic sciences professors in a male dominated environment? And 2) what strategies did they enact in order to manage their success in the male dominated environment? This is a qualitative project studying twenty-six senior women faculty at a large Midwestern medical center. The qualitative method allows for a deeper look into narratives of women to better understand what happened in their experiences. Most but not all of the women in this study experienced isolation and exclusion, sexual harassment, and/or pressures to perform the " second shift " (Hochchild 2012). These women worked to negotiate their professional identities with strategies of appearing easy-going and carefully constructing their femininity in order to downplay their difference based on gender in the professional realm. Women also explained their success as based on being exceptional and/or hardworking in a meritocracy that is not based on gender.


Background: 2-3 and Day 5 fresh and frozen-thawed embryos are most frequently used in ART, while the results of Day 4 embryo transfers are seldom reported in the literature. However, the use of Day 4 embryos in clinical practice increases flexibility when choosing the embryo transfer day, and enables avoiding embryo transfers on weekends. Methods and findings: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (1.1.2009-31.12.2014) comparing the clinical outcomes of fresh Day 3 (n=1371), Day 4 (n=360) and Day 5 (n=326) and vitrified-warmed Day 3 (n=635), Day 4 (n=175) and Day 5 (n=654) embryos. The live birth rates of fresh Day 3, Day 4 and Day 5 embryo transfers were 26.5%, 31.4% and 24.5%, respectively (p=0.026). The miscarriage rates were 16.6%, 11.7% and 23.0%, respectively (p=0.017). The live birth rates of Day 3, Day 4 and Day 5 vitrified-warmed embryo transfers were 22.0%, 30.9% and 22.6%, respectively (p=0.024). The miscarriage rates were 21.6%, 15.9% and 27.8%, respectively (p=0.049). Conclusions: The results of the present study show that Day 4 embryo transfers produce good clinical outcomes and can be considered for wider utilization at IVF clinics.


INTRODUCTION Plastic is an incredibly versatile material. It has revolutionized various industries and helped billions of people live far more convenient lives. From an economic standpoint, the production of plastic was an incredible success. Since the 1950s, it is estimated that over 8.3 billion tonnes of virgin plastics have been produced (UN Environment, n.d.). However, a lack of foresight has left the world with environmental issues. Over 5.25 trillion plastic particles, measuring around 260 000 tonnes, are floating in the world's oceans (Eriksen et al., 2014). Over time, organisms accumulate microplastics through consumption or absorption (Devriese et al., 2017). Much of the microplastics in marine organisms that are consumed by humans are contained in the gut tissue, which is not habitually consumed. However, marine organisms such as bivalves are consumed whole, and the levels of microplastics in bivalves designated for human consumption have not been studied in the Maritimes. According to Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Maritime region accounted for 757 million dollars of Canada's total landed fisheries value in 2012 (Fisheries and Oceans, 2019). Considering that fisheries are a vital industry in coastal areas, information on microplastic levels in seafood marketed for consumption is important for developing strategies to limit this pollution (Fisheries and Oceans, 2019). Fisheries and Oceans Canada recommends investigating and comparing the levels of microplastic pollution in two of the most consumed bivalves, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), to quantify the problem (2019).


Foreword - Sukhamoy Chakravarty Psychological Assessment - S S Kulkarni and B N Puhan Its Present and Future Trends Current Trends in Developmental Psychology - T S Saraswathi and Ranjana Dutta A Life Span Perspective Personality Development - H S Asthana Stress and Anxiety - Sagar Sharma Perceptual and Cognitive Processes - K D Broota Higher Mental Processes - L B Tripathi


$^{1}$B. Lutz and T. Owen, Astrophys. J. 208, L99(1976). $^{2}$T. Owen, Astrophys. J. 141, 444 (1965). Supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NGR 31-001-242.


The invention discloses an automobile plate spring testing device and a testing method thereof. The automobile plate spring testing device comprises a base, a gantry, an actuator, a first roller, a second roller and a control system, wherein the gantry comprises a gantry support and a gantry crossbeam; the actuator is used for driving the automobile plate spring to move up and down, and the actuator is provided with a force sensor for acquiring force signals of the automobile plate spring and a displacement sensor for acquiring deformation signals of the automobile plate spring; the first roller and the second roller are arranged on the base in a relatively horizontal movement mode, the first roller is used for supporting the left end of the automobile plate spring, and the second roller is used for supporting the right end of the automobile plate spring; and the control system is used for controlling the actuator to drive the automobile plate spring to move up and down. The above automobile plate spring testing device can be applied to various automobile plate springs, and is simple in structure and convenient in adjustment, and through the testing method provided by the invention, accuracy of an automobile plate spring testing result can be effectively improved.


Automatically labeling multiple styles for every song is a comprehensive application in all kinds of music websites. Recently, some researches explore review-driven multi-label music style classification and exploit style correlations for this task. However, their methods focus on mining the statistical relations between different music styles and only consider shallow style relations. Moreover, these statistical relations suffer from the underfitting problem because some music styles have little training data. To tackle these problems, we propose a novel knowledge relations integrated framework (KRF) to capture the complete style correlations, which jointly exploits the inherent relations between music styles according to external knowledge and their statistical relations. Based on the two types of relations, we use graph convolutional network to learn the deep correlations between styles automatically. Experimental results show that our framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Further studies demonstrate that our framework can effectively alleviate the underfitting problem and learn meaningful style correlations.


Many users of SEM-EDS require automatic elemental analysis. The particle analysis system using SEMEDS is feasible to automatically analyze particles. Generally, particle analysis automatically identifies particles from the electron microscope image and carries out the elemental analysis by using EDS. In order to check the quality, steel companies have used the particle analysis to analyze the number and size of micron-sized inclusions in a metal. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for analyzing submicron inclusions.


The invention belongs to the herbal technical field, in particular to the preparation of rhodiola polyferose compound preparation and the application for anti-iron deficiency anemia. The invention adopts rhodiola crenulata medicinal material as the raw material and obtains alcohol extract and polysaccharide fraction through extraction and purification; wherein, polysaccharide has complex reaction with iron ion to produce rhodiola polyferose which is added with alcohol extract to prepare compound preparation; the rhodiola polyferose compound preparation is used for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia; the preparation method of the rhodiola polyferose compound preparation is simpler and easy for industrialization production.


Procrastination refers to a prevalent self-regulatory failure that alludes to deferring necessary actions required to successfully complete tasks on time, and instead engaging in activities that are more rewarding with short term over long term gains (Aremu, Williams, & Adesina, 2011). Procrastination is identified as one of the least understood minor human miseries and a complex psychological phenomenon that not only leads to psychological distress, but also shows significant links to lower levels of health, wealth, and well-being (Balkis & Duru, 2007; Steel & Ferrari, 2013). Approximately, 20-25% of adult men and women living around the world are indulged in chronic procrastination in various domains like academic, social relationships, professional, and finance management (Balkis & Duru, 2007; Ferrari & Diaz-Morales, 2014). Some of the identified factors closely associated with procrastination include evaluation anxiety, task aversiveness, task delay, low self-efficacy, lack of persistence, dependence, fear of failure, negative evaluation, irrational beliefs, learned helplessness, and perfectionism (Schubert & Stewart, 2000; Steel, 2007; Steel & Ferrari, 2013). Procrastination tendencies also give rise to poor self-esteem, poor self-confidence, anxiety, public and private self-consciousness, and concerns over public image (Ferrari, 2001). The prevalence, predictors, causes, treatments, and implications of procrastination behavioral patterns in general, academic, and work settings are reviewed.


In the Internet of Health Things based e-Health paradigm, a large number of computational-intensive tasks have to be offloaded from resource-limited IoHT devices to proximal powerful edge servers to reduce latency and improve energy efficiency. However, the lack of global state information (GSI), the ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) constraints, and the adversarial competition among IoHT devices have imposed new challenges for task offloading optimization. In this paper, we formulate the task offloading problem as an adversarial multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem. In addition to the average-based performance metrics, bound violation probability of queuing delays and statistical properties of excess values are employed to characterize URLLC constraints. Then, we propose an energy-aware and URLLC-aware Task Offloading scheme based on the exponential-weight algorithm for exploration and exploitation (EXP3) named UTO-EXP3. Guaranteed performance with a bounded deviation can be achieved by UTO-EXP3 based on only local information. The effectiveness and reliability of UTO-EXP3 are validated through simulation results.


To examine the sensitivity of mammalian oocytes and embryos to osmotic shrinkage, which can occur during the process of removal of cryoprotectant from cryopreserved cells, the effect of shrinkage on the survival of fresh and vitrified mouse oocytes at metaphase II and embryos at 1-cell to blastocyst was examined. Oocytes and embryos were suspended in PBS media containing various concentrations of sucrose for 30 min at 25°C. They were then returned to isotonic PBS, and the survival was assessed in vitro. Fresh oocytes and embryos were almost entirely insensitive to shrinkage in a solution with 0.75 M sucrose, but in solutions with 1.0-1.5 M sucrose, oocytes and 8-cell embryos were more sensitive to the hypertonic stresses, whereas 2-cell embryos and expanded blastocysts were less sensitive. Vitrified embryos were more sensitive to hypertonic stresses than were fresh ones, but the sensitivity was reduced when the embryos had been cultured for a short period before subjecting them to the hypertonic stress.


In continuation of a previous QSAR study on the cytotoxicity of 20 sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) of the helenanolide type towards a mouse tumor cell line where a very strong correlation of activity with only two indicator variables encoding the nature of the present alpha ,beta -unsatd. carbonyl structure elements (cyclopentenone and alpha -methylene-gamma -lactone structure) was found, it was the major goal of this study to establish a QSAR model for a set of STLs with wider structural variability. Cytotoxicity towards the human KB cervix carcinoma cell line was exptl. detd. for a set of 40 STLs representing five different structural groups 2 germacranolides, 6 guaianolides, 23 pseudoguaianolides, 8 eudesmanolides and 1 carabranolide (cyclopropane type xanthanolide) and the resulting IC50 values were submitted to a QSAR study using the mol. modeling program MOE. As major result it could be shown that variance in STL cytotoxicity data can be explained to a high degree by electronic and surface properties. QSAR models of considerable internal and external predictivity could be obtained by PCR and PLS anal. of a descriptor set representing fractional accessible mol. surface areas (Q_frASAs). This set of descriptors is calcd. by partitioning the mol. surface accessible to a spheric probe of radius 1.4 .ANG. into fractions attributable to atoms within 14 charge intervals from -0.3 to 0.3 e. The applicability of such Q_frASA descriptors is validated by anal. of several sets of literature data, yielding QSAR models of good statistical quality. It is therefore assumed that Q_frASA descriptors may be of wider applicability in QSAR and QSPR.


Background: Different image integration modalities are available for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, but their impact on procedural and fluoroscopy times has not been evaluated yet.


At the Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy Association in June 2002, physical therapy educator after physical therapy educator made their way to the platform and podium to receive the Association's highest honors and awards. These educators were recognized for significant and enduring contributions to the profession of physical therapy, the APTA, and just as important, the lives of individuals whom they have touched-students, patients, and colleagues. Time and time again, as these honorees accepted their awards, they recognized the influence and contributions of other physical therapy educators-their former teachers and mentors-to the course and nature of their own professional development and career. As I sat in the huge audience, I was fortunate to sit next to a current student of one of the award recipients who excitedly and proudly informed me that the individual being recognized was "... one of my teachers and she is wonderful. She really deserves this award!" The experience of listening to this multigenerational legacy of teaching and learning made me think about how physical therapy educators, be they clinical or academic teachers, cast a wide net. Each of the students we work with will, for the most part, go on to care for hundreds or thousands of patients in the course of their career and will become in some way part of the educational continuum, be it with patients and family members, future students, or other colleagues and professionals. We are teachers of teachers. And our teaching goes well beyond subject matter and method. These ruminations led me to recall and reflect on the work of Parker J Palmer. In his book, The Courage to Teach: Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher's Life,1 Palmer reminds us that there are several important questions we must ask about teaching when "good teaching" and learning are the goals. He points out that we often ask questions about what we should teach, how we should teach, and why we teach (toward what aim?). Less often we ask what he calls the "who question-who is the self that teaches?"1(p4) As the title of his book suggests, Palmer goes on to explore various dimensions of what he calls the "inner landscape of the teaching self"1(p4) and asserts that "good teaching cannot be reduced to technique; good teaching comes from the identity and integrity of the teacher."1(p10) Furthermore, he suggests that good teachers are gifted builders of connections. They have a strong sense of self and are connected with that self while they are also connected with their students, their subject matter, pedagogical methods, and colleagues, and they are actively engaged in communities that provide a venue for ongoing, open dialogue and development of self, others, and their profession. …


We present necessary conditions for monotonicity of fixed point iterations of mappings that may violate the usual nonexpansive property. Notions of linear-type monotonicity of fixed point sequences – weaker than the more well-known Fejér monotonicity – are shown to imply metric subregularity. This, together with the almost averaging property recently introduced by Luke, Tam and Thao [25], guarantees linear convergence of the sequence of fixed point iterations to a fixed point. We specialize these results to the alternating projections iteration where the metric subregularity property takes on a distinct geometric characterization of sets at points of intersection called subtransversality. Subtransversality is shown to be necessary for linear convergence of alternating projections for consistent feasibility. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 49J53, 65K10 Secondary 49K40, 49M05, 49M27, 65K05, 90C26.


Earthquake is one of the most destructive natural hazard. They may occur at any time of the year, day or night, with sudden impact and little warning. They can destroy buildings and infrastructure in seconds, killing or injuring the inhabitants. Earthquakes not only destroy the entire habitation but may de-stabilize the government, economy and social structure of the country. But what is an earthquake? It is the sudden shaking of the earth crust. The impact of an earthquake is sudden and there is hardly any warning, making it impossible to predict.India's high earthquake risk and vulnerability is evident from the fact that about 59 per cent of India's land area could face moderate to severe earthquakes. During the period 1990 to 2006, more than 23,000 lives were lost due to 6 major earthquakes in India, which also caused enormous damage to property and public infrastructure. The occurrence of several devastating earthquakes in areas hitherto considered safe from earthquakes indicates that the built environment in the country is extremely fragile and our ability to prepare ourselves and effectively respond to earthquakes is inadequate. During the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) observed by the United Nations (UN) in the 1990s, India witnessed several earthquakes like the Uttarkashi earthquake of 1991, the Latur earthquake of 1993, the Jabalpur earthquake of 1997, and the Chamoli earthquake of 1999. These were followed by the Bhuj earthquake of 26 January 2001 and the Jammu & Kashmir earthquake of 8 October 2005 and so on. This paper emphasize on the causes and concerns related to the earthquake risk management in India.


"The Power of 8" was an experimental futures project, collaboratively driven by an ad hoc team of eight people from different walks of life. The aim was to explore new pathways for creating democratic futures by building a public discourse around the aspirations of ordinary people. The team of eight comprised a Designer/Speculator, an Educator, an Interaction Designer, a Permaculturist, a Policy Researcher, an Urbanist, a retired Civil Servant, and a Biomedical Scientist.

Through a series of three intensive workshops, and later a wider public engagement phase, we adopted a narrative approach to building a collective view, representing possible futures of Brentford in London, England. This paper describes the strategies we used – including maps, montage and storytelling – to develop concepts, visualise proposals and materialise 'future artefacts' during the project.


This research is motivated by children who have not been able to do toilet training independently to defecate and urinate because the child feels uncomfortable with the toilet, the child feels afraid and disgusted with the roller. Training fot children aged 4 years.This type of research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach (single case). The informants of this research are the mother ang father of aged 4 years, in their daily life the child is cared for byboth parents. This study collects data by means of observation, interviews and documentation. Analysis of parenting patterns for toilet training children aged 4 years can be observed in all activities carried out in the health of parents with children, about how parents teach toilet training when children want to defecate or urinate. The data obtained is described in accordance with reality and what ot is. The results showed that parenting applied by parents in toilet training children aged 4 years, tended to democratic parenting. Democratic parenting patterns made children able to use the toilet as a place for defecation and urination properly. Parents apply democratic parenting to children, this is marked by parents who give freedom to express opinions and act, but parents still control the activities carried out by children parents provide direction and guidance when toilet training to children, parents being warm but still trying to get used to when giving toilet training skills development exercises to children. Researchers advice to prospective teachers, the community, especially parents to be able teach toilet training exercises to children, so that children are trained to use the toilet defecate and urinate.


Patient monitoring systems still suffer from problems such as: lost of information, blur images, paper-based, and large number of patient with less staff in both local and foreign hospitals. In Malaysia, patient monitoring systems are implemented only at certain hospitals and wards. This research paper is focusing on developing Electronic Patients Medical Records (EPRM) system that will help make patient monitoring more effective. A prototype of the proposed system is implemented using open source tools and technologies. Sample of implementation results are shown in this paper. It shows that EPRM offers suitable searching capabilities and assists doctors and nurses in managing patientspsila medical records as well as help doctors and nurses in making quick decision.


In this paper, we get conditions for the natural projections of some product manifolds with varying metrics of two Riemannian manifolds to be harmonic, and necessary and sufficient conditions for some product manifolds with the harmonic natural projections of two Einstein manifolds to be Einstein manifolds.


Introduction Sri Lanka remains a low HIV prevalent country with an estimated sero-prevalence of less than 0.1% in the general population. The seroprevalence among key populations such as female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and beach boys is also Objective To ascertain the level of HIV risk behaviours among MSM who attended the STD clinic, Ragama and develop necessary interventions to reduce the potential for HIV infection among them. Method A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among the MSM's attending Ragama STD clinic over a period of three and a half years. MSM register and the patients records maintained at the STD clinic were used to extract the data for this study. There were 160 newly registered MSMs from January 2009 to July 2012 and all consecutive newly registered MSM were included in the sample. Data were analyzed by using the statistical package for the social sciences version 16 (SPSS v16). Results Majority of MSM were in their twenties (58%). Their level of education was relatively high and about 81% had Ordinary Level or higher qualifications. About 73% of them were engaged in some occupation while 4.4% admitted to commercial sex work as their occupation. With regard to the behavioural factors, half of them were bisexuals, and rate of insertive and receptive anal sex were 60% and 42% respectively at their most recent sex. Majority of them had sex with casual or non-regular partners (62.4%). Level of condom use was not satisfactory. The condom use at last sex was 13% and consistent use with regular partners was 6.3%. Consistent condom use during anal sex was as low as 5.7%. Risk of HIV was further aggravated by the presence of STIs and use of recreational drugs. Half (50%) were found to be positive for STIs and out of which 20% had multiple diagnoses. Fortunately, there were no injecting drug users in this sample but they had used alcohol (30%) and smoked heroin (12%). Conclusions MSM who attended the STD clinic, Ragama during the four years under study were a fairly literate community and about 68% of them were less than 30 years of age. Half of the MSM were bisexuals. Rate of insertive anal sex and receptive anal sex at last sex were 60% and 42% respectively while consistent condom use was 5.7% which constitutes a considerable risk and this risk was further aggravated by the prevalence of STIs (50%), alcohol use (30%) and heroin use (12%). Therefore, risk factors for HIV transmission should be explored among MSM while maintaining good rapport and encouraging high rate of clinic attendance in order to promote protective behaviours through STI consultation and counselling. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljv.v4i1.6701 Sri Lanka Journal of Venereology, 2013; Vol.4(1):p.13-18


Objective To test the reliability and validity of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in an online format in university students from low-income regions. Methods We applied the questionnaire to a sample of 195 and 117 university students from a low-income region (Gini index of 0.56) to study validity and reliability, respectively. The DEBQ consists of 33 items on eating behavior in three dimensions/factors: emotional eating, restrained eating and external eating. The questionnaire was administered twice at 2-week intervals. We tested the reliability via temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results For reliability, we identified an acceptable Spearman correlation coefficient (rho > 0.30 and p < 0.05) and Cronbach's alpha (α ≥ 0.70) for all DEBQ items. In the exploratory analysis, we identified 6 factors representing a mix of original and additional factors, with an explained variance of 69.1%. In the confirmatory analysis with structural equation modeling, we observed better global model adjustment for the 6-factor model with the Tucker–Lewis index and comparative fit index closer to one, as well as root mean square error of approximation closer to zero than the original (3-factor) model. Using generalized structural equation modeling, we also observed a better fit in latent class modeling for the 6-factor model (AIC: 16990.67; BIC. 17874.38) than for the 3-factor model (AIC: 17904.09; BIC: 18342.67). Conclusion The online format of the DEBQ has acceptable reliability and validity for measuring eating behavior in university students from low-income regions.


Nowadays, large volumes of valuable data of different degrees of veracity can be easily generated or collected at a high velocity from a wide variety of data sources. Embedded in these big data are implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information and knowledge. Hence, big data analytics are in demand as they assist users to analyze the big data and discover new knowledge. This in turn helps users gain insight into big data, obtain useful information, and make personalized recommendation. In this paper, we focus on big data analytics on music—i.e., music analysis—for personalized music recommendation systems. In particular, we present a system that exploits the frequent tags attached to the tracks in an user's listening history and a hidden Markov model (HMM) for generating predictions and thus making personalized recommendation. Knowledge learned from this personalized music recommendation can be transferred to building other personalized recommendation systems.


There is many applications of wireless multimedia sensor networks such as surveillance system and telemedicine. To ensure to have a broad deployment of the services strip requirement processing of multimedia content should be followed. There are limited technological resources that can be taken into account in terms of energy computation and brand with storage. So the wireless networks are very essential to achieve goals that can be hard to implement due to the existence of multimedia data that ordinarily requires complex compression and combination algorithms. This paper also reviews on focus of the performance and analysis of wireless multimedia sensor network and also gives a clear understanding of its performance. This paper describe the various application based on wireless multimedia network sensors and its architecture.


The generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) beamformer is an effective and efficient technique for speech enhancement, whereas the design of beamformer is still a challenge in a reverberant environment, due to the difficulty of room impulse responses (RIRs) estimation. In this paper, we will study the design of GSC beamformer based on the RIRs estimated by image source method, which is a simple but effective method for room acoustics simulation.


This study illustrates and compares how a German and an Indian core WDM networks perform when equipped with 400ZR+ QSFP56-DD or CFP2-DCO regional transponders, depending on whether they are designed as opaque or as transparent elastic networks.


The aim of this work is to generalize the idea of the discretizations on sparse grids to discrete differential forms. The extension to general l-forms in d dimensions includes the well known Whitney elements, as well as H(div; Ω)and H(curl; Ω)-conforming mixed finite elements. The formulation of Maxwell's equations in terms of differential forms gives a crucial hint how they should be discretized. The focus is on discrete differential forms of lowest order, i.e. Whitney elements. Taking the cue from Lagrangian finite elements on sparse grids, we present the hierarchical decomposition of the Whitney spaces. The tensor product structure and the hierarchical multilevel principle give rise to hierarchical basis for Whitney l-forms in d dimensions. Relying on the hierarchical basis, we define the sparse grid interpolation operator and we prove the commuting diagram property as well as the existence of discrete potentials in sparse grid spaces. The interpolation estimates generalize the known results for Lagrangian finite elements. Approximate interpolation is needed for the Galerkin method for boundary value problems on sparse grids. The combination technique and a two point quadrature rule ensure that similar error estimate as for the exact interpolation hold. Discrete inf-sup conditions are shown theoretically and experimentally for mixed second order problems. The focus is on the stability of the discretization of the primal and of the dual mixed problem by sparse grid Whitney forms. The existence of stable potentials is a sufficient condition. We prove it in particular cases, completely covering the three dimensional case. Numerical results give evidence for d = 4, too. The results show that discrete differential forms on sparse grids give rise to viable numerical schemes for the discretization of both H(d,Ω)-elliptic variational problems and second order mixed problems. The algorithms involved are presented both in a general form and with particular design solutions. They mirror the two pervasive ideas in the theory of the sparse grids, namely the hierarchical decomposition and the reduction to the one dimensional case via tensor product. We give examples for smooth and no-smooth forms, where we compute numerically the interpolation error on the full grid. Algorithmic details are given for the the multiplication with the mass and the stiffness matrix. The last chapter is confined to the the multigrid scheme and the needed automatic construction of stencils on anisotropic full grids.


In recent years, more and more "co-investment vehicles", of all shapes and sizes, have been used in the Luxembourg alternative investment fund ("AIF") domain. Their popularity can be explained by the fact that co-investments allow fund managers to fund larger deals without jeopardising contractual or legal fund diversification rules. By offering co-investment opportunities, fund managers can develop a privileged relationship with some (cornerstone) investors. Through co-investments, investors invest outside the fund structure, offering such investors direct exposure to one or more specific assets at no or reduced management fee and carried interest.

Prior to establishing any of these "co-investment vehicles", consideration should be given at an early stage as to whether or not the vehicle qualifies as an AIF. If it does, there is a risk, if no proper consideration is given to the structure, that the manager of the vehicle may be subject to the AIFM Law and required to be authorised as an alternative investment fund manager ("AIFM"). In practice, it is not always clear whether these vehicles qualify as an AIF and, hence, fall within the scope of the AIFM Law or not.

In the absence of a specific definition of "co-investment vehicles" given by the European Commission, ESMA3 or the CSSF, the aforementioned vehicles are analysed based on (a) the definition of an AIF as provided under Article 1(39) AIFM Law and (b) the exceptions as foreseen in the AIFM Law.


The invention relates to a card detection method inauthentic microprocessor, called clones.Selon the invention, said method comprises the steps of: - changing a control program at least a card reader terminal, so the said program comprises a call for said at least one secret command a set of at least one secret command, previously inserted in each authentic card, and distinct from a standard command set and square; - detection of authenticity of said card, if said secret command is recognized and / or treated properly, or the presence of a clone if said secret command is not recognized and / or treated incorrectly.


Poecilozonites (Gastrelasmus) is an important component of the endemic land snail fauna of Pleistocene Bermuda. The type species P. circumfirmatus Redfield usually occurs in sympatry with its congener P. discrepans Pfeiffer, though each species is found alone at several localities. The species are less alike morphologically where they occur together than where they are allopatric. This allopatric convergence and sympatric divergence strongly suggests the biological interaction known as character displacement, often documented for living populations. The relatively complete fossil record of Bermuda offers advantages for studying this phenomenon. Collections can be made from a variety of microhabitats occupied through time. Statistical analysis of 1,600 individuals collected from more than 100 localities indicates that interspecific variation is primarily a function of the presence or absence of a congener and depends to a lesser degree on microhabitat. P. circumfirmatus undergoes a smaller morphological change between allopatry and sympatry than does P. discrepans. Study of relative abundances suggests that P. discrepans may have been competitively inferior, though no functional bases for differences between the species are known.


TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND RETENTION IN MEDICAID AND NON-MEDICAID ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS By Ashkan Ghaffari, D.D.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008 Thesis Director: Bhavna Shroff, D.D.S., M.D.Sc Program Director, Department of Orthodontics Medicaid orthodontic patients have been shown to miss more appointments and break more appliances than self-pay patients, indicating a greater tendency toward non-compliance. Lack of compliance during the post-treatment phase can be detrimental to retention. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in PAR score changes between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients during and after orthodontic treatment. PAR scores were determined using study models of 43 Medicaid and 39 non-Medicaid patients before and at the end of active treatment, and 24 Medicaid and 42 non-Medicaid patients at the end of treatment and at an average of 13 months post-treatment. PAR scores generally reduce during treatment and will increase if relapse occurs. Rates of PAR score change during and after treatment were compared between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients using the Mann-Whitney


Data-compression system developed to satisfy need for high-speed, high-performance compression of data from sources as diverse as medical images, high-definition television images, audio signals, readouts from scientific instruments, and binary data files. Maximum data-transmission capability of communication channel or storage capacity of storage device multiplied by approximately compression ratio. Various combinations of lossless and lossy compression chosen to suit various data streams.


The purpose of this research is to study and analyzed the effect of fiber size modification
on the mechanical properties of kenaf fiber reinforced polyester composite. The main
materials used in this project are unsaturated polyester resin and kenaf fibers. Kenaf
fibers used in this project are from the core and bast parts. There are two size of kenaf
fiber used in this study, fine fiber and coarse. The kenaf fibers used has been refined in
Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM) beforehand. The size of kenaf fiber is
observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The fabrication process is done
by mixing the 20% composition of kenaf fibers, polyester resin and MEKP hardener.
Then the mixture is poured into the mild steel mold and compressed by using the cold
pressing machine. After the curing process, the composite panel of kenaf fiber and
polyester polymer is cut into specific dimension according to the ASTM testing standard
depend on the types of testing. The specimens are tested for the impact testing, tensile
testing, flexural testing and water absorption testing. The microstructure of tensile
fracture surface is observed by using the SEM. From study, the kenaf bast fiber show the
better mechanical properties compared with kenaf core fiber. The larger fiber size of
kenaf fiber shows the greater mechanical properties than finer fiber size for flexural and
impact properties. The fine size of kenaf fiber shows the better tensile properties than
coarser fiber. The coarse fiber size can absorb more water than finer fiber size due to
many gap and hole at the composite.


Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important pulse crop produced after dry bean and peas in the world. Amongst pulses, chickpea is the major crop in India but for international market the quality of this crop has to be improved which may be possible by evaluation of different planting techniques. No systematic research and adequate technologies have been reported in Punjab on intercropping of different crops in chickpea. The current study aimed to find out the effect of different intercrops on growth and yield of bed planted chickpea based intercropping systems.Methods: A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season of 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the productivity and economic viability of bed planted chickpea based intercropping systems.The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of four replications with thirteen treatments.Result: Results showed that sole chickpea recorded highest seed yield and it was statistically at par with seed yield that obtained under chickpea + oats fodder (2:1), chickpea + oats fodder (4:1) and chickpea + linseed (4:1) intercropping systems. However, oilseed rape and barley as intercrops showed adverse effect on yield and yield attributes of chickpea. Chickpea + oats fodder in 2:1 row ratio recorded highest chickpea equivalent yield of 24.07 and 24.77 q/ha and system productivity of 15.96 and 15.60 kg/ha/day during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Higher net returns (Rs. 63098 and 70924/ha), benefit cost ratio (1.47 and 1.63) and production efficiency (417.9 and 446.1 Rs/ha/day) were also recorded in chickpea + oats fodder (2:1) intercropping system over sole chickpea (Rs. 44862 and 53769/ha and 1.21 and 1.41) during both the years. Chickpea + oats fodder (4:1), chickpea + linseed (2:1) and chickpea + linseed (4:1) also recorded significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield, net returns and benefit cost ratio as compared to sole chickpea.


ABSTRACT This study examines the long-run validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) through the Fourier quantile unit root test for a sample of ASEAN-5 countries. Using the aforementioned test, we can model structural breaks as a gradual and smooth process. The application of the conventional unit root tests provides conflicting results in support of the PPP hypothesis. However, the results of the Fourier quantile unit root test indicate that the real effective exchange rate series are stationary for Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.


The present invention relates to an auxiliary device for loading samples to allow a plurality of samples to be observed by setting TEM equipment once by loading a plurality of samples on a grid when observing a powder sample using TEM. The auxiliary device for loading samples on a grid comprises: a support (10) in which n vertical fine penetration grooves (11) are uniformly and radially formed with respect to a center (a) (wherein n≥2); a section partition portion (20) having n vertical barrier plates (21) uniformly and radially formed with respect to a center (b); and a vertical moving means (30) which is placed between the vertical fine penetration grooves (11) and the vertical barrier plates (21) when viewed from the top, and allows the section partition portion (20) to vertically move with respect to one vertical axis in which the centers (a and b) match each other, at the upper portion of the support (10).


This paper examines the vulnerability to terrorist attack, or hijacking and holding to ransom, a ship carrying nuclear fuels through the Pacific Region in light of the atrocities committed in New York and Washington on 11 September 2001.


In this study, the uncertainty of the effects of climate change on temperature, rainfall and runoff in the watershed done using the output of models MPEH5, HADCM3 and IPCM4 under two scenarios for 2045-2065 period. After performance of LARS-WG model for downscaling of rainfall and temperature variations, the monthly change rainfall and temperature evaluated for the 2065-2045 period relative to 2010-1983 base period. Results showed that all three models based on two scenarios reduce the amount of rainfall and increases in average temperature in the region. The average annual temperature rise according to the scenario A2, 2/12°C and scenario B1, 1/12°C. The amount of rainfall decreases for the period 2045-2065 under the scenario A2, -6/1 and the scenario B1, -1/4 per cent. To study the effects of climate change on monthly runoff regime, production variables was used to the model of rainfall- runoff IHACRES after that runoff was predicted for the period 2065-2045. The results showed that annual river flow reduced under the A2 scenario -17/2 percent and the B1 scenario -19/4 per cent. The overall results showed that despite the uncertainty in climate models MPEH5, HADCM3 and IPCM4 under the A2 and B1 in the amount of temperature increase and rainfall decreases and negative effects of these changes on the runoff area.


Abstract In the article, the concept of landscape maps by Franciszek Uhorczak (1902–1981), Professor of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, was discussed. The maps constitute a cartographic illustration of volume III, IV and V of "Universal Geography" edited by Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (the National Scientific Publishing House) (Warsaw 1965–1967) – the first Polish small-scale landscape maps of the world. From the perspective of the 50s, an attempt was undertaken to assess the editorial assumptions, landscape typology and selection of cartographic means used by the author, paying special attention to the selection of colours representing landscapes. Also, issues raising controversies related to the degree of generalization of particular elements of the content, typology of landscapes as well as map details were indicated. The performed analysis leads to the conclusion that landscape maps by Professor F. Uhorczak constituted one of the most significant achievements of Polish thematic cartography of the 20th century, and they are an unequaled model also for the contemporary cartographers.