Hypertension or high blood pressure here can also be called "the silent disease" because there are no visible symptoms from the outside. Hypertension here can be categorized into 2 groups in macro type, namely secondary hypertension and primary hypertension. Secondary hypertension is a category of hypertension whose symptoms have been diagnosed initially, then primary hypertension is a category of hypertension whose initial symptoms have not been diagnosed. Treatment methods for people with hypertension aim to lower blood pressure that is continuously increasing without causing significant side effects. One of the therapies is therapy whose method is to make changes in a new lifestyle. To make changes to this new lifestyle, it can be done by maintaining a BMI, regulating sodium consumption, stopping alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, increasing potassium consumption and exercising regularly. One type of physical activity is sports that have a clear plan and structure and involve regular body movements. The goal is to improve physical fitness in the body and avoid the emergence of disease.


The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust has announced the winners of its 2014 PROUD Awards. Over 269 nominations were received as part of the build up to the awards, which celebrate and thank exceptional individuals and teams within the organisation who have made a really positive contribution to delivering high quality care to patients. Winners and runners up were recognised in each of the 12 categories and in addition, a two special Chief Executive's Awards and a Chairman's Award were presented.  The official winners and runners up are...


ABSTRACT Most literary representations of climate change focus upon its tangible effects: destructive storms and floods; melting glaciers and rising sea levels; wildfires, droughts and species extinctions. It is much less common, however, for writers to confront the primary causes of climate change and global warming: the mining and burning of fossil fuels over the course of more than two centuries, from the dawn of industrial capitalism to the present. This essay will examine some notable exceptions to this general rule, focusing upon the work of two Canadian poet-activists, Stephen Collis and Rita Wong. In particular, I argue that their representations of the Alberta Tar Sands are illuminating not only for the ways in which they integrate the effects of climate change with their sources in what Andreas Malm calls 'the fossil economy' but also because they foreground the politics of walking in a polluted and brutalised landscape.


An experiment to study the performance of weeds in maize crop against different tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices i.e. chisel plough + rotavator, mouldboard plough + rotavator, cultivator + rotavator and rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weeds management practices include control, hoeing 15 days after sowing, hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and herbicide (Nicosulfuron) were kept in subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator significantly reduced weeds m (122, 101 and 125 weeds m), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m, 116.35 g m and 252.56 g m) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m, 38.69 g m and 80.61 g m) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear (16) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing showed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear (16), and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods showed significant reduction in weeds m, weeds fresh


In this paper we are trying to theoretically highlight the positive potential social enterprises can have in the nowadays society. Social enterprises have gained a great importance within the development of public policies and also in the work of different researchers. This is because it is considered to have an important potential on different aspects. Being a hybrid between profit enterprises and non-profit organizations and also being close to the public administrations, their influence can be seen from the transformation of the welfare system and the development of a job market for persons which would not be easily employed in a traditional for profit enterprise, to social cohesion and creation of social capital, local development, the dynamics of the third sector and the link between the network governance.


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 Abstract: The debate about human rights in Malaysia took a new turn in the early twenty-first century when it started to focus on the issue of religious freedom. The proponents of secular-liberal notion of religious freedom argued that religious and racial harmony would be better achieved if Malaysians of all races and religions enjoy absolute religious freedom, which includes the right to renounce Islam. However, the secular-liberal approach to religious freedom, contrary to the expectation of its proponents, accentuates religious and racial division in Muslim-majority Malaysia.


A data recording and/or reproducing apparatus records and/or reproduces file data by processing the file data on the unit of a predetermined block length, a data block and information data for identifying the data block on predetermined unit regions. A supplement data is recorded on a region other than the region recorded the file data, the block data and the information data for identifying within the unit regions. Thereby these data are recorded and/or reproduction processed at every predetermined units so that the bit error rate is remarkably improved.


This article reports an assessment of career education needs from the point of view of 67 guidance counsellors working in the central part of Quebec primary and secondary schools. Most of these guidance counsellors support the importance of career education in schools; they consider that career education has to be a community effort. However, less of these counsellors accept that teachers and employers accomplish a kind of work traditionally done by guidance counselors.


Black holes, a seemingly inevitable consequence of Einstein's general theory of relativity and stellar and galactic evolution are being observed in many new ways with masses ranging from roughly three to ten billion solar masses. Their masses and spins determine how they power the most luminous objects in the universe and impact their environments.


In orde to give visibility to teachers from 1st to 4st grades in Florianopolis. I wrote this article having as a base some central testmonies and as a backdrop, the plot of some oral and written sources. This ais just a sketch of points that I have been interested presently in the search of relations between history and education in the social and political imaginary: the stereotype of the "little teacher", the relations of difference between her and "other" education professionals and their creative pratices and daily resistance.


New records of water mites of the genus Atractides Koch, 1837 (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) from South Africa are presented. Five species new to science, Atractides cooki, A. dracomontanus, A. meridianus, A. capensis and A. neoscutifer are described; a first description of the male is given for A. pulcher K. Viets, 1956 and A. assimilis K.O. Viets, 1964. A key to the species of Atractides from South Africa is presented.


Water is an important component of human life. His existence and growth are inextricably connected to water. Water is utilised for human necessities such as drinking, washing, bathing, cooking, and so on. Irrigation and industry both require water for the production of food and other necessities. Sewage and waste industrial effluents are being mixed with fresh water streams in many areas throughout the world, affecting humans, animals, and plants. Anantapuramu is a significant city in the Rayalaseema area of Andhra Pradesh. It has a population of about 5 lakh people. Singanamala is a village in Anantapur district with a population of 10,000 people. Untreated sewage from Anantapuramu runs for 12 kilometres in the Tadakaleru stream before arriving to Singanamala Tank. People in Singanamala village utilise the water stored in the Singanamala tank for irrigation and drinking. In other words, Anantapuramu's sewage provides fresh water to the inhabitants of Singanamala. By sampling at regular intervals, the current study intends to analyse the water quality characteristics of the Tadakaleru stream from the site of confluence of sewage from Anantapuramu to Singanamala tank. The ability of the Tadakaleru stream to purify itself will be tested. The quality of the groundwater is also examined. At present the sewage of Anantapur is being self-purified in Tadakaleru stream. In mere future, for increased population sewage treatment plant is necessary to treat the sewage of Anantapur town.


The Chinese novel writing develops into a new stage in the Tang Dynasty and the legendary stories in mid-Tang period reaches a golden age. As far as the contents are concerned , the works reflecting the actual life at the time takes the leading position, while among the legendary works the love stories achieve the highest, which mostly praise faithful love, rebuke the feudal ethics and the cruel feudal family discipline toward women. These works create a series of beautiful women images by using realistic skills to depict characters' personality and the environment atmosphere.


To test Houle's typology of "motivational orientation" in a New Zealand context, and to develop a factor analytically based mea sure of motive for attendance, 233 adult education participants selected at random from three institutions completed a 48 item Education Participation Scale. A factor analysis and promax/ varimax rotation yielded 14 first-order factors which were subse quently intercorrelated, factor analysed and rotated to yield second and then third-order factors. The meaning of the resultant factors is discussed. In developing a model of adult education participa tion, it is proposed that participants are basically "being" or "deficiency" motivated. The concept of homeo and heterostasis is discussed. Education Participation Scale factors purporting to measure these different types of motivation are identified. Partici pation is shown to stem from motives moie complex than those originally identified by Houle.


Based on analysis of present situation of knowledge structure and stuff composition of Seismological Bureau of Shanxi Province, some main problems existed in scientific and technical stuff are outlined. General academic level is relative low, knowledge structure is not rational and researchers on geology, measurement and geophysical prospecting are in shortage. Importance and instance for educating scientific and technical stuff with high academic level are pointed out and the countermeasures for optimizing stuff composition and educating scientific and technical stuff with high academic level are proposed.


Ab s t r Ac t Background: Thyroid disorders are common in India. Rapid and accurate intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid lesions helps in deciding the plan of management and spares the patient the additional expenses and morbidity of a second surgery. Aim: To assess the role of imprint cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions in consecutive thyroidectomy specimens. A cross-sectional study was done at the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry. The study period was between November 2015 and July 2017 during which 60 consecutive thyroidectomy specimens were subjected to touch imprint cytology by the same pathologist who was blinded of the prior fine needle aspiration cytology reports, and the results of imprint cytology and fine needle aspiration cytology were compared with the final histopathological examination report. The data obtained were entered in MS Excel sheet and analyzed. Results: A total of 60 consecutive thyroid specimens from the Departments of General Surgery and ENT were studied. Imprint cytology had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 61.5%, 97.9%, 88.8%, 90.1%, and 90%, respectively, which was found to be better compared to fine needle aspiration cytology. Conclusion: Imprint cytology is a simple, cheap, and reliable intraoperative diagnostic technique for thyroid lesions. It has high specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy. The lack of uniform availability and expense remains a limiting factor for the frozen section. The diagnostic indices of imprint cytology were found to be comparable to that of frozen section in various other studies.


In this paper, a scheme of adaptive system producing a signal sample that is equal to the input is proposed. The system consists of a simple signal sample generator and some logic gates forming a feedback loop. The sample generator is modeled as a multi-dimensional nonlinear circuit and the digital code is applied to determine the coordinates of its operating point. By using the negative feedback loop, the code is update step by step to get the right operating point for the system to produce the sample that is the closest to the input signal. This updating process makes good use of the non-linearity of the system to have the step size variable in such a way that it is large at the beginning of the process to have a quick convergence and small at the end for a small residue error. Because the signal sample is recorded by a digital code and it can be reproduced easily without problems occurring in analog signal storage and reproduction, the system can be used for a robust analog signal sample/hold. As an example of implementing such an adaptive system, a current-sample/hold circuit has been designed and presented in the paper.


This paper presents a numerical study of the shear lag effects on high strength steel (HSS) bolted and welded single anglesby the finite element method. The finite element models used in the study were calibrated by the test results of normal strength steel angles subjected to tension. In total, fourteen HSS angles were simulated and typical HSS material properties used in the analysis were obtained from the literature. The parameters examined in the study includedthe connection length and the connection eccentricity. It is observed that the tensile capacity and final elongation of the HSS angles are considerably lower than those of the corresponding normal steel angles. The widely used 1 − x /Lrule in general overestimated the capacities of the HSS bolted single angles but provided conservative estimates of the capacities of the welded ones examined in this study.


There's an increasing concern about the occurrence and spread of forest fires across the globe, as they contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and play a major influential role in economics and public health. Thus, there's a need for accurate methods to predict and classify forest fire risk. The main known forest fire risk indexes have limitations, such as not taking into account the unique characteristics of the biome in study, and not being able to predict forest fire risk for a given number of days in the future. This last aspect, in particular, is of utmost relevance. Addressing it allows for coordinated planning and action by proper authorities with adequate anticipation. Aiming to solve this problem, we present a new framework that applies Machine Learning methods for: (1) climatic variables forecasting; and (2) forest fire risk classification. For the first objective, different time series forecasting algorithms were tested. The forecasted variables are then used as input for the second objective, for which different classification algorithms were also tested. We evaluated our proposal using Brazilian Pantanal regional biome data from 1999 to 2019, where climatic variables were collected from ground meteorological stations, and fire occurrences (hotspots) were obtained from satellite images. The experiments considered 4 climatic variables and 5 forest fire risk classes. The results were evaluated based on the average correlation between (i) the prediction of forest fire risk classes and (ii) the observation of hotspots. Our proposal proved to be better or competitive with the main forest fire risk indexes, with the advantage of predicting fire risk for a given number of days in the future.


Previous empirical or semiempirical potentials for use in atomic computer simulation in iron and its alloys1,2 have not explicitly taken account of the magnetism per se, but because the magnetic effects have contributed to the mechanical and thermal properties used in choosing the parameters of the potential, it would not be accurate to say that these potentials ignore the magnetic effects completely. However, for cases where the magnetic properties significantly change about defects in crystal, these potentials may be inadequate to simulate their structures or energies. We try to remedy this situation by a modification of the embedded‐atom method (EAM) for obtaining interatomic potentials, in which the EAM potential for nonmagnetic iron is first obtained, and then extra terms in the potential are introduced to match the magnetic interactions. These interactions may be obtained by comparison of the properties of both nonmagnetic and magnetic iron as obtained, say, by doing both a non‐spin‐polarized and a ...


Detection of moving text of different orientations in video is challenging because of low resolution and complex background of video. In this paper, we propose a method based on motion vectors to identify the moving blocks which have linear and constant velocity. For each block, we compute moments and use k-means clustering algorithm to extract text candidate. We introduce a new criterion based on gradient direction of pixels in text candidates to remove false text candidates which we outputs potential text candidates. Then the method performs region growing to group the potential text candidates which outputs text lines. The method is tested on both static and moving text video to evaluate the performance in terms of recall, precision, F-measure, misdetection rate and time. The results are compared with the well-known existing methods to show effectiveness of the proposed method.


The traditional methods to measure the electrode displacement in resistance spot welding include direct measurement method,measurement of upper electrode movement,and measurement of long arm tooling. The deformation of welding tongs was analyzed by finite element method( FEM) under the load of electrode force and dynamic electrode force. And the deformation influence on measurement method of upper electrode movement and measurement method of long arm tooling was analyzed. It is concluded that the lower electrode has relative larger vertical displacement and deflection angle for dynamic electrode force,so the electrode displacement cannot be measured correctly using measurement method of upper electrode movement and measurement method of long arm tooling. At last,the method to measure electrode displacement was proposedbased on trapezoidal relationship.


In her discussion article 'Fluid consistencies. Material relationality in human engagements with water', Veronica Strang argues that 'water provides a useful focus for thinking about relationships between things and persons and between material properties and meanings' (Strang 2014, 133, emphasis added). Water permeates organic things and flows and connects in a multi-scalar way. Therefore her article emphasizes 'how material and social processes combine to provide both fluidity and consistency at every level of human–non-human engagement' (ibid., 133). Ontologically speaking, the emphasis on fluid relations and processes makes her a relationist, i.e. objects emerge from their internal or external relations (Harman 2009). I will summarize my reactions to her article in three major points.


This chapter examines the growing interest in dual language immersion programs that, abandoning the deficit narrative, respond to demands of globalization and migration. The chapter looks at notable examples in two states and one city and the political and demographic factors that have made each one succeed. The California discussion focuses on grassroots efforts by Californians Together in building a coalition of advocates and state legislators despite a state law limiting bilingual instruction. In Utah it examines the collaboration among business interests, language advocates, and the state, with an overlay of religious pragmatism. The discussion lastly turns to New York City and the "bilingual revolution" led by French-speaking families with the support of the French embassy. The chapter reveals the challenges facing these programs in staffing, funding, and materials and in assuring that they serve the less privileged students whose bilingual potential the approach was originally designed to realize.


Waveforms of partial discharge (PD) current and sound waves emitted by a PD are measured in a void between a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and an electrode. The measured waveforms are transformed by Gaussian and Mexican hat wavelets. The analyzed patterns are obtained on a plane using both time and frequency information. Then, the relation between the obtained results and the degree of insulation degradation is discussed.


A015 Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measured by Ultrasonography: How Well Does It Correlate with Intracranial Pressure According to the New Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines? Seelora Sahu,1 Amlan Swain,1 Nidhi Panda,2 Hemant Bhagat,2 Preethy Matthews,2 Sunil Kumar Gupta2 1Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India 2Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India


Aiming at the security of agent-based distributed cooperative intrusion detection framework that suits hierarchical Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET),this paper extends the distribute cooperation IDS,puts forward an agent-based intrusion detection system for classified MANET. The system adopts cooperation detection method of clusters,and provides further intrusion detection scenario for protecting hierarchical MANET. Detailed analysis and simulations are carried to validate the effectiveness of our detection model for attacks.


A large number of the mathematical models of dynamics can be summed up as semidefinitely singular system. In light of the system and according to the views of structural mechanics, redundant items were handled, reduced-order high precise direct integration algorithm and corresponding theoretical analysis were established. The numerical examples show that the algorithm is effective and feasible. Much more computation can be reduced than direct precise algorithm and the numerical result are satisfactory.


A safety pharmacological trial was conducted to investigate the effect of enrofloxacin on haematological profile after pulsed water medication in broiler chicken, at therapeutic dose 10 mg/kg body weight through drinking water for five consecutive days in accordance with the FDA approved norms. There was no significant (p>0.05) changes in haemtological parameters except significant (p>0.05) elevation of heterophils on 1st and 3rd day of post treatment and a significant (p>0.05) decrease in lymphocyte count. The results of the present study suggest that the reduction in the lymphocyte count at therapeutic dose of enrofloxacin may have influence on the immune response of the birds.


Seedlings of Gossypium hirsutum were exposed to gamma radiation and incubated for 24 h. Ribosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and molecular hybridization of DNA with RNA was performed using nitrocellulose filters. Radiation decreased hybridization and it is believed that synthesis of RNA was blocked. The radioinduced changes in structure and function of DNA cause impaired synthesis of different RNAs. Following irradiation there is a change in activity of cistrons that code 80S RNA and ribosomal proteins in the cotton plant. (HLW)


of the major problems confronting engineers and designers of water softening plants has been the disposal of the sludge produced from the softening process. That this has not been a problem for which a solution was absolutely required long ago is due to the fortunate location of the large eastern and middle western cities, with their treatment plants adjacent to sizable waterways into which this sludge can be dumped. In some parts of the middle west and in practically all of the far west, the cities are not so favorably situated. As a consequence, in these locations unsightly and often expensive sludge lagoons must be provided or some means found for otherwise disposing of the sludge. This is the situation which The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California faces when contemplating the construction of treatment plants to soften Colorado River water.


In this article, the notion of game design value is proposed and explored utilizing three design theory frameworks: Holm's design values, Lawson's guiding principles and Schön's appreciative systems. Game design, as other design fields, is affected by the designers' personal attitudes, beliefs and values. To gain a deeper understanding of design work by game developers it is imperative to introduce the consistence and development of these design philosophies to the field of game development. The proposed framework assists the organization of future research into game design values.


The proto-OCCAM system available from Inmos was used on an Apple II europlus running under U.C.S.D. p-System version IV. This paper reports some of the experiences of using the proto-OCCAM system and also comments on some of the difficulties and advantages of using the OCCAM language. The main algorithm chosen for this study is one that assumes that parallel hardware is available-it does not produce efficient code for the single processor on which it was tested.


A high-yield and high-performance single longitudinal mode laser diode (LD) is essential for implementing a low-cost optical module for high capacity access networks. We have realized novel partially corrugated waveguide (PC) LDs and shown that they are cost-effective. Because of a unique resonance feature in a mirror loss profile, the PC-LD has higher yield in single longitudinal mode operation than that of a conventional distributed feedback (DFB) LD. The yield of the PC-LD with single-mode stability ((Delta) (alpha) L > 0.3) was theoretically predicted to be as high as > 65%, which is 1.5 to 2 times higher than that of a conventional DFB-LD. Side-mode suppression ratio was experimentally as high as 40 to 50 dB. Uncooled high-efficiency characteristics have been realized for a cavity with asymmetrical reflectivity facets. The threshold current and slope efficiency were 16 mA and 0.26 W/A at 85 degree(s)C. By introducing a spot-size converted waveguide with chirped corrugation, butt-coupling efficiency was improved by 3 dB higher than that of the conventional straight waveguide. Furthermore, excellent optical feedback resistant 622 Mb/s operation has been demonstrated over a wide temperature range of -40 to 85 degree(s)C. The power penalty was as low as 1 dB under the optical feedback level of -8.5 dB. Isolator-free 2.5 Gb/s-70 km transmission was also demonstrated. The PC-LDs with this performance are very promising for realizing cost-effective optical modules for use in high capacity optical access networks.


For evaluating the effective of the GLT against the agricultural disease and arthropod pest,this experent determined the effective of GLT add the different activator or pesticide against the Bemisia tabaci,the result indicated GLT add the different activator or pesticide all have the preferable effective against the Bemisia tabaci.Particle Film Technology is one physical control technology in control agricultural disease and arthropod pest,it is a preferable effective way in control agricultural disease and arthropod pest,and it can increase the production and improved the quality of the products.


Systemic risk, the possibility that a triggering event such as the failure of a large financial firm will seriously impair financial markets and harm the broader economy, has taken centre stage since the recent global financial crisis. In the wake of the crisis, policy-makers worldwide have recognised the need to fill gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of the financial system, its non-linear relationship with the real economy, and the factors responsible for alternating phases of stability and instability characterising the system. This thesis addresses the aforementioned gaps under three main headings related to systemic risk: overlapping portfolios, risk diversification and policy interaction. The insights developed suggest that specialised financial institutions pose a great risk to the stability of the financial system when banks are indirectly connected via overlapping portfolios. Furthermore, this work shows that diversification serves multiple roles in relation to financial stability; on the one hand diversification reduces the risk of an isolated bank failure, but on the other hand it increases the risk of many joint failures. The findings of the analyses are used to propose regulatory policies for improving financial stability and social welfare. Lastly, in a bid to avoid the fallacy of composition risk that is associated with the study of regulatory policies in isolation, this thesis also attempts to identify the complex interactions of resolution, monetary, and macro-prudential policies.


In recent years with the large increase in the number of space missions at NASA, the demand for deep space communications services to command and collect data from these missions has become more difficult to manage.


Anatoliy Vakhnyanin's contribution to the development of music education in Eastern Galicia is revealed in the article. The leading directions of the composer's activity were: pedagogical, publishing, concert and journalistic activity. The basis was the pedagogical work of the artist, which by the nature and content of the work was a progressive social and pedagogical phenomenon, because it contributed to: enriching the content, forms and methods of the educational process by the national element, its scientific and methodological support; development of the idea of the Ukrainian national school and national education, establishment of its principles in practical activity; formation of an extensive network of musical societies; the establishment of the Higher Music Institute as an alternative to similar Polish and German institutions. An important achievement of the composer's activity was the creation of the first musical societies – expressors of national interests. Thus, in the person of the "Lviv Boyan" in 1891 a society emerged, which had a decisive influence on the further development of music education and upbringing in Eastern Galicia, in particular the founding of the Higher Music Institute in 1903 in Lviv. The pedagogical heritage of the composer has not lost its relevance at the present stage of the development of musical education in Ukraine. Subordinated to the goals of national education, it largely compensated for the lack of music teaching material for children and made a significant contribution to the theory and practice of music-aesthetic education of students. The return of the composer's spiritual heritage, the use of them in the modern school of Ukraine, will promote the development of the national idea, the formation of national consciousness of the young generations, and thus the cause of strengthening an independent state.


Xingtai is located in the radiation scope of metropolitan area of Beijing,Tianjing and Hebei Province. It is the third largest economic zone which has the most development potential following up the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. Division as well as cooperation in the area has a certain scale currently. However,Xingtai has not gotten an expected effect in the development of metropolitan area of Beijing,Tianjing and Hebei Province,instead,the tremendous environmental menace has been formed after undertaking and developing the transfer industry. It is necessary for Xingtai to open mind and study deeply how to find their location truely,how to progress jointly cooperating with the central cities such as Beijing,Tianjing etc,and how to build two-type society.


Abstract Marine-geophysical evidence on sea-floor morphology and shallow acoustic stratigraphy are used to examine the substrate around the location at which Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance sank in 1915 and on the continental slope-shelf sedimentary system above this site in the western Weddell Sea. Few signs of turbidity-current and mass-wasting activity are found near or upslope of the wreck site, and any such activity was probably linked to full-glacial higher-energy conditions when ice last advanced across the continental shelf. The wreck is well below the maximum depth of iceberg keels and will not have been damaged by ice-keel ploughing. The wreck has probably been draped by only a few centimetres of fine-grained sediment since it sank in 1915. Severe modern sea-ice conditions hamper access to the wreck site. Accessing and investigating the wreck of Endurance in the Weddell Sea therefore represents a significant challenge. An ice-breaking research vessel is required, and even this would not guarantee that the site could be reached. Heavy sea-ice cover at the wreck site, similar to that encountered by Agulhus II during the Weddell Sea Expedition 2019, would also make the launch and recovery of autonomous underwater vehicles and remotely operated vehicles deployed to investigate the Endurance wreck problematic.


The classical Poincare-Bertrand transposition formula for the inversion of the order of integration in repeated Cauchy-type integrals is generalized in accordance with a new interpretation of Cauchy-type integrals. Next, the Gauss-Jacobi quadrature rule is applied, in a particular case of the generalized Poincare-Bertrand formula, to both members of this formula and it is proved that this formula still remains valid (after the approximation of the integrals by quadrature sums). Two simple applications of this result, one concerning the convergence of a quadrature rule for repeated Cauchy-type integrals, and the other the numerical solution of singular integral equations, are made. Further generalizations and applications of the present results follow easily.


Summary A process for the removal of cationic fission products from milk is described in which no prior acidification is necessary. The milk is treated at 40°C by 2 beds of suitably charged cation exchange resins, one of which is of the carboxylic acid type and the other of the sulphonic acid type. On the first bed all the metallic cations of the milk are replaced by K+ and H+, and on the second the ioniccomposition is restored. During processing the pH is reduced from 6·8 to approximately 6·2 and is restored to 6·8 by the addition of alkali metal carbonates to the milk after treatment. On a pilot plant of capacity 1600 1 (30 resin bed volumes) per 5-h day it was found that the radiochemical efficiency was approximately 80% for 85Sr and 97% for 137Cs. The process caused some losses of vitamins, especially of thiamine, and an increase in the lead, copper and iron contents all of which, however, were at an acceptable level. Other changes in chemical composition were negligible and enzymic clotting time remained unchanged. Flavour and appearance of the product were satisfactory and it was satisfactorily both roller- and spray-dried. The process is discussed with reference to an earlier method in which prior acidification is necessary. It is concluded that the double-bed process is somewhat more efficient for the removal of fission products and that a full-scale plant would be little or no more expensive to erect and only slightly more expensive to operate.


Herein, point light detection and ranging inertial odometry (LIO) is presented: a robust and high‐bandwidth light detection and ranging (LiDAR) inertial odometry with the capability to estimate extremely aggressive robotic motions. Point‐LIO has two key novelties. The first one is a point‐by‐point LIO framework that updates the state at each LiDAR point measurement. This framework allows an extremely high‐frequency odometry output, significantly increases the odometry bandwidth, and fundamentally removes the artificial in‐frame motion distortion. The second one is a stochastic process‐augmented kinematic model which models the IMU measurement as an output. This new modeling method enables accurate localization and reliable mapping for aggressive motions even with inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements saturated in the middle of the motion. Various real‐world experiments are conducted for performance evaluation. Overall, Point‐LIO is capable to provide accurate, high‐frequency odometry (4–8 kHz) and reliable mapping under severe vibrations and aggressive motions with high angular velocity (75 rad s−1) beyond the IMU measuring ranges. Furthermore, an exhaustive benchmark comparison is conducted. Point‐LIO achieves consistently comparable accuracy and time consumption. Finally, two example applications of Point‐LIO are demonstrated, one is a racing drone and the other is a self‐rotating unmanned aerial vehicle, both have aggressive motions.


Particle size distribution, organic content and the sinking velocity of bio-deposits of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino were evaluated. The abalone was divided into three size classes according to shell length: Group B: 68.8 ± 2.8 mm, group M: 56.1 ± 2.3 mm and group S: 42.4 ± 2.8 mm. The faecal pellets had an amorphous shape, with a cross-sectional area ranging from 0.01 to 2.64 mm2. The mean cross-sectional area varied among the size classes: 0.59 (B), 0.21 (M) and 0.12 (S) mm2. The bio-deposit organic content was similar among the groups (B: 18.3 ± 1.1%; M: 19.9 ± 0.9%; S: 19.3 ± 1.0%). Sinking velocity ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 cm s−1. Larger abalone tended to have larger and thus faster-sinking faecal pellets. The median sinking velocity for groups B, M and S was 0.9, 0.5 and 0.7 cm s−1 respectively. The mean daily production rates for groups S, M and B were 2.8 ± 1.2, 3.4 ± 1.3 and 4.3 ± 1.8 g ind.−1 respectively. Bio-deposit production rate estimated to be between 134.4 and 206.4 mg m−2 day−1 in the bay. Our results suggest that the pellet size was within the appropriate size range for filter-feeding bivalves.


In opening this workshop, Professor Storey noted that the prevalence of caries is declining in some countries and increasing in others. While the decline is almost certainly due in large measure to the application of existing preventive measures, the contribution made by each individual procedure cannot be evaluated. Moreover, new anti-caries agents and procedures are constantly being proposed and demand comparison with present methods. Testing the effectiveness of caries control measures involves a chain of investigations in the laboratory, in animals, and, finally, in man, and the criteria of effectiveness must be established at each step. Eventually, non-scientific factors such as custom, religion, habit, economics, and education confound the problem. Application of fluoride has been the most successful measure to date, but attempts to increase its effectiveness may have reached the point of diminishing returns. This workshop may indicate additional complementary control measures, e.g., inhibiting the growth, attachment, or retention of plaque by immunological, chemical, or physical means. Indeed, there is now an embarrassingly long list of potential anti-caries agents vaccines, antimicrobial agents, antibiotics as well as those increasing the stability of enamel or acting as plaque-buffering or pH-rise factors. The problem is that unless there is some consensus on how best to determine the potential effectiveness of these respective agents, much of this work, while extremely interesting from an academic viewpoint, will, by default, remain untested and unused in the clinical field. The workshop participants first discussed the implementation of anti-caries vaccines with particular respect to their safety and acceptance. Details were given of a clinical trial due to be started in the UK early in 1984. The question of safety was reported to have been addressed carefully through full toxicity testing in animals. A twoand three-year trial is proposed with children ages eight through 11. With parental consent, they will be vaccinated at school, and the procedure will involve a primer of two injections one month apart and a booster at 12 months. The vaccine, which is effective against one strain of Strep. mutans, has been shown to reduce caries from 60 to 90% in both the rat and monkey. The precise anti-caries mechanism is not clear; the vaccine does not appear to decrease numbers of Strep. mutans in the mouth. The problems of conducting such a trial in a population where the controls would not be unduly influenced by fluoride, and whether the effect of vaccination would be additional to that produced by fluoride, were regarded as important. With respect to the former, it was mentioned that, in a non-fluoridated area, a recent study showed that only about 10% of children used a non-fluoride toothpaste. With a declining caries prevalence, as in Sweden, it was suggested that a vaccine may not be required, although other participants thought it could be useful in less-highlydeveloped countries where caries is not decreasing. It was not considered possible to combine an anti-caries vaccine with other vaccination routines for children, since the timings would be different. The cost-effectiveness of a caries vaccine could not be determined until details of the extent of caries reductions in man were available. Dietary factors were also considered with respect to the declining prevalence of caries. An improvement in the attitudes of the staffs of schools was mentioned, although no figures were available to show that sugar consumption had decreased. Distribution of fluoride in foods and the continually changing pattern of diet were considered important. For example, chocolate consumption had increased. While there are anti-caries factors in cocoa, the overall effects on caries are uncertain. The group considered that sucrose reduction was not a really viable proposition, since other sugars are also involved in the etiology of caries. Measures aimed at making the tooth less susceptible to caries were considered more promising. One participant suggested that the full potential of fluoride to reduce caries had not yet been achieved. Post-eruptive incorporation of fluoride into the enamel crystals could be attained through a brushite intermediate step, and a clinical trial to test this procedure was planned to start shortly. The possibility of modifying the enamel structure with a laser beam was not considered feasible. Fissure sealants were discussed at length. The expense of application was emphasized, but since they may last as long as an amalgam restoration, they should not be rejected for this reason alone. The problem of caries continuing under sealants was considered very real, and therefore they are of limited value in people who do not regularly obtain dental care. They were thus considered inappropriate for underdeveloped countries. It was stated that the sealant can mummify carious tooth tissue but only if it remains in place. The participants considered that, while education on a mass scale probably had little effect on caries, it is very difficult to measure health motivation, and therefore we cannot be certain of its non-effect. It was suggested that people needed more than simple education to motivate them to carry out oral health procedures. Several "baits" were suggested, but many of these (e.g., fear of aging) were unsuitable for motivating children. Procedures other than the clinical trial to evaluate caries control measures were discussed briefly, and it was felt that while many give a crude idea of likely clinical effectiveness, there are many pitfalls. Plaque pH does not indicate the cariogenicity of a food or drink except in the negative sense. The intra-oral cariogenicity test as developed by Koulourides does not take into account salivary factors such as a stimulation of flow rate by food, but could be modified to test a food in situ. The Von der Fehr method was prone to large individual variation and therefore demands a large number of subjects for testing any anticaries procedure. It was generally agreed that, with the present state of the art, a variety of tests should be used to predict clinical caries or its inhibition. Finally, the workshop concluded that, while caries prevalence had decreased substantially in certain countries recently, a large public health problem still existed on a global scale. Rather than a scaling down of caries research, now is the time to increase the intensity of effort to eradicate dental caries.


Reasonable peak assignments of N 1s and C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra in amorphous carbon nitrides (a-CN) were determined by ab-initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations. We calculated the binding energies of model molecules representing the components in a-CN. N 1s and C 1s spectra were deconvoluted into four and five peaks, respectively. We propose the following assignment for these peaks in N 1s and C 1s spectra. Peaks of N 1s spectra located at around (N-1) 398.5, (N-2) 399.9, (N-3) 400.2 and (N-4) 402.2eV were assigned, respectively, to (N-1) pyridine structure and β-C3N4, (N-2) nitril groups, (N-3) sp3N in graphite structure and sp2N in aliphatic structure, and (N-4) nitroso groups. Peaks of C 1s spectra located at around (C-1) 284.5, (C-2) 285.5, (C-3) 286.6, (C-4) 287.0 and (C-5) 288.0eV were assigned, respectively, to (C-1) sp3C, sp2C and sp3C in bonds between carbon and carbon, (C-2) spC, sp2C and sp3C in bonds between carbon and nitrogen or oxygen, (C-3) sp2C and sp3C in bonds between carbon and nitrogen or oxygen (C-4) ketone groups and β-C3N4, and (C-5) carboxyl groups. We monitored the changes in spectra induced by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation on a-CN. Only our peak assignments provided a reasonable interpretation of the spectral changes.


To date, few empirical studies have been designed to evaluate the effects of different types of feedback on error in the written work of second language writers. The study reported in this article contrasted four methods of providing feedback on written error. These methods differed in the degree of salience provided to the writer in the revision process. In the study, a factor analysis was used to reduce an initial set of 19 measures of writing skill to a subset of 7. Each of the 7 measures in the subset was then used as a dependent variable in an analysis of covariance design which contrasted the effects of the feedback methods on subsequent narrative compositions. Evidence against direct correction of error in written work is discussed.


Franco's government found in the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco, as well as in the rest of the Arab countries, one of the main props in which hold up its foreign policy during the years of international insulation.


The policy of encouraging schools to compete against each other in education
markets internationally has been justified on the grounds of raising levels of
attainment and widening choice. Although there has been little research on Irish
education markets, it is becoming increasingly evident that parents from different
social backgrounds are unable to compete on an equal basis and exercise the same
level of choice. This thesis presents the views of parents from middle and working
class backgrounds in a rural community on the factors which influence their choice
and experiences of school.
Focus groups were conducted with parents from different social groups, some
of whom sent their children to the local school and some who choose schools outside
the local area. Interviews were also held with primary school principals from local
feeder schools. The findings reveal that parental choice and experience of school is
closely related to the amount of social, cultural and economic capital they possess. It
emerged from the focus groups that working class parents did not have the same
ability to make choices between schools as professional parents. Working class
parents did not possess high levels of financial resources and knowledge on the
functioning of some schools to enable them make active choices.
The findings also demonstrate that parents' vision of education for their
children and their relationships with school personnel also impact on their experiences
and choices. Professional and working class parents come from diverse cultural
backgrounds and have different expectations for their children's futures. This cultural
diversity also effects parents' and students' relationship with school personnel. All
these factors impacted on the type of school which children attended, and hence
influenced the success or failure of schools competing in the Irish education market.


The Tunnel-MILP algorithm is a three stage path planning method for 2-D environments that relies on the identification of a sequence of convex polygons to form an obstacle free tunnel through which to plan a dynamically feasible path. This work investigates two aspects of the algorithm. First, a greedy cut method is proposed for improved decomposition of the environment, resulting in fewer regions than existing algorithms. Second, the effect of the decomposition on the resulting solution is investigated, and conditions are presented to demonstrate that the resulting tunnel cannot be improved to yield a better solution. This ensures that the tunnel provided does not adversely affect the resulting dynamically feasible trajectory, and guarantees local optimality of the solution.


This paper reports the results of a study into the effect of the selection of a method of discretization of the computational domain on the solid particles separation process in a cyclone separator. The selection of an optimum discretization method to be implemented in a computational domain forms a particularly important task during analysis using CFD. The process of discretization largely affects the precision of the results gained using the CFD models as well as independence of the results on the mesh density and duration of the computations. The comparative analysis was performed on the basis of the results of experimental and numerical research with regard to the separation efficiency and pressure drop. It was observed that the computational domains generated on the basis of hexagonal meshes provide the best conformity of the results in terms of the separation efficiency, which is the key parameter applied to assess the quality of a cyclone separator.


One of the major sources of information for investors and other stakeholders on success in doing business is corporate reporting presented by the companies themselves. Such a reporting significantly facilitates a dialogue between western stakeholders and companies which plan to enter world markets. It enables increasing not only the value of the business a company runs, but also the sales volume as well. A corporate report reveals information on the priorities and values of the company in the sphere of sustainable development and provides data on the results of its impact on the economic, social, and ecological sphere. A company publishing such a report can claim to be ready to develop a dialogue with society and aims toward accommodating stakeholders' interests (of a state, clients, employees, shareholders, and investors) in the framework of social partnership.


This article questions whether the term 'revival' is apt for describing the reidentification of Mongols with Buddhism in Ulaanbaatar. Religious beliefs and practices of lay Buddhists in Ulaanbaatar tend to be characterised by openness, a lack of dogmatism, and eclecticism, rather than a revival of old religiosities. Due to the styles of and preferences for religious education, religious concepts such as reincarnation, enlightenment and karma are often very different to conventional Buddhist interpretations and from one another; meditation is frequently learned about from New Religious Movements rather than from Buddhist institutions; and the concept of Buddha (Burkhan) is being influenced by monotheistic religious ideas.


The present invention discloses a packaged food pasteurization sterilization tank machine, the present invention includes a base plate, side plates and front and rear inclined plate, a bottom plate, side plates, front and rear inclined plates inclined groove sterilization, sterilization tank provided with rollers for supporting the belt, at least two side plates is provided with an inclined baffle, the baffle plate constituting the passage, the position of the shutter plate on the front section than the side panel sections shutter position ; front inclined plate connected to a horizontal support plate, provided with rollers for supporting the belt horizontal support plate, the support plate is provided along the conveyor belt left and right symmetrical support frame, left and right support frame connected above the conveyor belt the bottom bar, the horizontal support plate integrally provided with a funnel-shaped collecting container. The present invention ensures that a uniform thickness on the conveyor belt pouch foods so packaged food can be sufficiently sterilized, the effect of improving sterilization.


This study improved the conventional method for extracting genomic DNA from silkworm.The improved method does not need mortars and liquid nitrogen.Silkworm tissues pieces by scissors is digested in lysis buffer with RNase and proteinaseK, and mix and incubate every step by revolving and shaking incubator.It decrease the loss of genomic DNAs,and improve work efficiency,reduce cost.Genomic DNA was isolated from silkworms of different strains by this improved method,and was amplified by PCR.Results indicated that this improved method is more recovered rate,repeatability,quality than conventional method.This will suffice to research of silkworm in molecular biology.


The study showed that for each kilogram of dry cocoa produced 0.59 kg of mucilage are obtained and its sugars are an interesting source of raw material for the production of second generation bioethanol, results that contribute to reducing the environmental impact that generate these waste.


The goal of this paper is how to build cloud IaaS environment for op- eration, and integrate KVM and OpenNebula open sources to provide a cloud virtual environment for users. In the user interface part, this work can reduce the complexity of cloud resources accessing for the user part. This paper uses the web interface that is easy to understand, accessible for users in the opera- tions. In the experimental results, this work compares the performance of physi- cal machine and KVM virtual machine, and analyzes the results.


However, we cannot agree that multilateralism constitutes the sole principle in negotiations on disarmament and non-proliferation, as is implied in Operative paragraphs 1 and 2 of this resolution. In our view, effective progress on global nonproliferation and disarmament objectives requires a combination of multilateral, plurilateral, regional, bilateral and unilateral measures working to reinforce each other in order to achieve concrete results. Preambular paragraph 8 specifically recognises the complementarity of such measures, and in the future we hope that the operative paragraphs of this resolution will reflect this understanding.


Ensuring equal access to affordable higher education for women and men has become a crucial target of the UN's SDG 5, while gender disparity persists in various systems. This study employed per capita GDP, the gross enrollment ratio (GER), and the gender parity index (GPI) to demonstrate how higher-education systems have expanded, resulting in the transformation of gender parity. We selected Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the UK as research targets, using both cross correlation functions and trend analyses to compare the progress of higher-education systems. Considering the economic factor impacting higher-education expansion, this study found that the series of per capita GDP impacted the GERs in emerging economies, for example, Korea and Taiwan. Both the growth of per capita GDP and the extension of the GERs changed the patterns of the GPIs. The gap in gender diversity was found to be diminishing in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, while the UK could be a unique case, in that females have become a critical mass in higher education. The results of the comparison suggested that gender disparity is likely to continue in Japan, Korea, and the UK in the future. The framework for monitoring gender parity progress is not limited to high-participation higher-education systems, and it can be extended to tackle similar issues in middle- or lower-income regions.


The Busemann biplane airfoil is considered one of the candidates for reducing sonic boom. In aircraft designs utilizing the biplane concept, high-lift devices must be used for takeoff and landing in low-speed conditions. In this work, flow visualizations were performed around a Busemann biplane airfoil equipped with leading and trailing edge flaps in a smoke wind tunnel. The lift coefficient of the biplane airfoil was estimated by utilizing a method based on measurements of smoke line patterns. The aspect ratio of the baseline Busemann biplane model was 0.75, the thickness ratio of the single element was 5%, and the wave cancellation condition was designed for Mach number 1.7. The length of each of the flap chords was 30% of the baseline. The Reynolds number, which is based on the chord length of the airfoil, is about 2.8×105. The results of the study are summarized as follows. For the baseline Busemann airfoil without flaps, the lift coefficient increases linearly as the angle of attack increases. The slope of the lift coefficient cl is 0.062 (1/deg.), which is in good agreement with reference data. This indicates that measuring smoke line patterns is a valid method for estimating the lift coefficient of biplane airfoils. Based on the visualization of the flow around the biplane model equipped with deflected leading and trailing edge flaps, confirmed that the separation bubble is smaller than in the baseline model due to the effective increase in camber. When the deflection angle of the trailing edge flap is increased, the lift coefficient also increases. The trend of the increasing cl is similar to that of conventional monoplane airfoil models with trailing edge flaps. Therefore, such flaps can be considered effective high-lift devices for Busemann biplane airfoils.


Thin films of pure and Ni-doped TiO2 were prepared on a glass substrate by sol–gel and spin-coating process from specially formulated ethanol sols. The morphologies of the films surface were observed with atomic force microscope (AFM). The tribological properties of the obtained thin films sliding against steel ball were evaluated on a one-way reciprocating friction tester. AFM results show that by the addition of the Ni in TiO2, smooth surfaces were obtained. As a result, the Ni-doped TiO2 films exhibit better wear protection properties than pure TiO2. The best protection was observed for 5% Ni-doped TiO2 films in this study.


Electric field assisted anodic bonding of glass to Kovar alloy was preformed at temperature 613 K under applied voltage 500 V.The interfaces were investigated by SEM observation and EPMA analyses.In order to determine the joint strength,shear tests were carried out.The results show that intimately contacted area between Kovar alloy and the glass enlarges from initial contact area with increase of bonding time.Na and K ions involved in the glass move toward the cathode from the anode surface under the electric field,resulting in depleted layers of the adjacent anode surface.The thickness of depleted layers increases with increasing bonding time.The stable joint strength of about 8~12 MPa can be achieved as long as ≈100% intimately contacted area between Kovar alloy and the glass is obtained.These results are discussed by considering the inference of the applied electric field.


An economical algorithm is presented for predicting the position of a satellite perturbed by drag and zonal harmonics J sub 2 through J sub 4. Simplicity being of the essence, drag is modeled as a secular decay rate in the semi-axis (retarded motion); with the zonal perturbations modeled from a modified version of the Brouwers formulas. The algorithm is developed as: an alternative on-board orbit predictor; a back up propagator requiring low energy consumption; or a ground based propagator for microcomputer applications (e.g., at the foot of an antenna). An O(J sub 2) secular retarded state partial matrix (matrizant) is also given to employ with state estimation. The theory was implemented in BASIC on an inexpensive microcomputer, the program occupying under 8K bytes of memory. Simulated trajectory data and real tracking data are employed to illustrate the theory's ability to accurately accommodate oblateness and drag effects.


The reaction of N,N-dimethylanilines p-substituted by electron-donating groups with palladium(II) acetate in a mixed solvent of benzene and acetic acid gave cyclodimerized products, i.e. 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine derivatives in good yields, via novel C–C bond formation, along with small amount of acetoxylated or demethylated products. Radical cation species was suggested as a cyclodimerization intermediate.


The present condition and problems of economy development in Jiangsu foreland is alialyzes.It puts forward that the space layout of Jiangsu foreland is designed on the basis of pole-axis theory and two-core structures.The basic contents include that three ports in Lianyugang,Binhai and Nantong should be developed,three two-core structures of Liangyugang Port,Binhai Port and Yangkou Port should be constructed,and the growth triangle in Huaiyin-Yancheng-Binhai prot should bebuilt.At last,some measures about economy development is put forward.


An EvidEncE-bAsEd frAmEwork for strEngthEning ExErcisEs to prEvEnt hAmstring injury sports med 2018;48:251 Problem: Hamstring injuries—with a view to mitigating injury risk. Hamstring injuries are multifactorial but it is hypothesised that targeted exercise interventions cause specific adaptations that may contribute to a more injury-resistant musculotendinous unit. There is a need to develop an evidence-based framework to preventing hamstring injuries. Characteristics of hamstring muscle activation are one key consideration impacting exercise selection. The pattern and magnitude of activation of each muscle (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) are heterogeneous among exercises. Generally, knee flexion-dominant exercises seem to be more effective for semitendinosus activation, such as the Nordic and leg curl. Hip extension-dominant exercises seem to be more effective for biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus activation, such as the stiff-legged deadlift. Parameters of hamstring muscle activation do have limitations and should not be the single consideration for exercise selection. Another key consideration for exercise selection are the architectural adaptations induced by the exercise. Fascicle length may be one important architectural attribute in the context of hamstring injury risk. Biceps femoris long head fascicle length increases in response to eccentrically biased exercises. It may also be advantageous to induce adaptations in the structure of the musculotendinous junction, a common site of injury and eccentric hamstring strength. These adaptations can be achieved using a number of training methods and should be considered in the context of the individual athlete, and requirements of the sport they participate in. Take home message: Consider the pattern of muscle activation, the architectural adaptations induced and the needs of the sport when selecting exercises for preventing hamstring injuries (figure 1).


Different from America's new historicism used as a method of literary criticism,Chinese new historical fictions, guided by the viewpoint of circulation ,aim at overturning the class viewpoint and social devolopment expressed in the "seventeen year novels"(1949-1966),and reflect the background of postmodernist theory.The fictions of Chinese new historicism do not shake off the pattern in which ideas come first,and also the ideas are contrary to the historical facts,so they are farther away from reality than the "seventeen year novels"


Objective To investigate the use of enteral immune nutrition preparation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), regard its efficacy in improving nutritional status, and its influence on immunity and the status of acute inflammatory reaction of the patients. Methods Sixty-two AECOPD patients requiring mechanical ventilation in ICU of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups: immune nutrition group [study group, n=32, receiving Ruineng (a product of Huarui Pharmaceutical Ltd.), which contained essential fatty acids, Omega-3 fatty acids, and energy 1.3 kcal/ml] and conventional nutrition group (control group, n=30, receiving the hospital self-made homogenized diet with 1.2 kal/ml). Patients in the two groups took enteral nutrition of equal calorie, and it was given by nasointestinal tube. On the day of admission and the 14th and 18th after admission, venous blood was obtained for the determination of serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). At the same time upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC) was measured at the bed side. The 14-day off-respirator rate and mechanical ventilation time within 28 days were compared between the two groups. Results The 14-day off-respirator rate was higher in study group than in control group (P 0.05). Conclusions Compared with homogenized diet, immune enteral nutrition could better improve the nutritional status and immune function, lower the acute inflammatory response level, increase the success rate of early off-respirator in AECOPD patients, therefore, enteral immune nutrition preparation is a better nutrition support solution for AECOPD.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.05.17


It can be said that literary texts do not have any obligation to reality, and that literature destabilises our relations to the everyday use of words and to established perspectives. Literature stands in relation to something that cannot be explained or conceptualised, and in this respect it is close to religion. I argue that many of these characteristics of literature are also features of philosophical writing. I concurrently argue that literature is nonetheless connected to reality, and that it aims to say something about our world. I contend that philosophy can benefit from a deeper understanding of the close parallels and similarities between philosophical writing and literature.


Different strategies used to biofunctionalize CNTs with proteins, from direct physical adsorption on pristine CNTs to chemical treatments to achieve covalent interaction, are described. The discussion is focused on the consequences of the adsorption process on the structure and properties of both proteins and CNTs. On this base, recent developments in CNTs-proteins based biosensors (electrochemical and optical) and drug delivery systems are reviewed.


Since the end of the 20th century,sports industry has played a more and more important part in the Chinese domestic economy.The researches of the sports management and operation of research has become an emerging discipline in the field of international sport and management science.The data records retrieved from Web of Science(SCI,SSCI,A HCI) since 1990 to 2008 about the management of sports.The paper studies the distribution of the time and the geographic regions of the published papers.By using the tool of information visualization CiteSpaceII,the total quoted analysis is done.Also,through the knowledge base,combined with the key nodes represented by the relevant academic works and monographs,the paper has explored the cutting-edge research area in international sport and management science.


A three-dimensional spectral algorithm for the solution of Stokes flow between eccentrically rotating cylinders is described. Included in the model are pressure boundary conditions at the two ends of the finite length cylinders and the effect of a fluid line source on the inner cylinder. A comparison of results for the load and couple on the inner cylinder is made with those available from lubrication theory in the absence of a line source. Good agreement is shown for long, short and finite journal bearings when the various geometrical assumptions inherent in the lubrication analysis are satisfied.


Fabrication technologies of GaInAs(P)/InP long-wavelength lasers consisting of quantum-wire active region are investigated. A combination of an electron-beam (EB) lithography, a fine-pattern etching, and succeeding OMVPE regrowth became more or less reliable process, that was confirmed through a low threshold current room-temperature CW operation of strained quasi-quantum-wire lasers. Measurements of photoluminescence (PL) intensity dependence on etched wire width revealed a low-damage property of electron-cyclotron-resonance reactive-ion-beam-etching (ECR-RIBE) with Cl/sub 2/ gas by applying negative acceleration voltage to the sample. An introduction of a surface cleaning process with H/sub 2/ gas just after the Cl/sub 2/ ECR-RIBE was found to be effective for further reduction of damage especially for the wire width from 10 to 40 nm.


Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of a single-row aluminum fin-and-tube crossflow heat exchanger with an emphasis in the regime of low flow rate of the in-tube fluid. The Chilton-Colburn analogy, in conjunction with the least-squares power-law technique, was used to correlate experimental data. Both air- and water-side heat transfer correlations were developed in the form of the Nusselt numbers as a function of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The experimental observations are quantitatively compared to the predictions of correlations available in the published literature. Different transfer mechanisms were found to be operative in the ranges of water-side Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter. In a range of Reynolds number from 1,200 to 6,000, the water-side thermal resistance accounts for less than ten percent of the overall thermal resistance. The dominant thermal resistance is always on the air-side. On the other hand, the thermal resistance of water-side is nearly equal to that of air-side in a Reynolds number range from 500 to 1,200.


But if, my heart, you wish to sing of contests, look no further for any star warmer than the sun, shining by day through the lonely sky, and let us not proclaim any contest greater than Olympia.

- Pindar, First Olympian Ode


The development of domestic insulator is introduced.The manufacture processes,products types,used conditions,advantages and disadvantages of porcelain insulator,glass insulator,composite insulator and mixed insulator are introduced.Combining with the trend of green economic development in the world,the prospect of domestic insulators industry is discussed and outlooked form aspects of market and technology.


Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are popular tools to defend local networks against attacks. These systems monitor the network traffic and flag suspicious behavior. Rule-based NIDS do that by checking the network traffic against a set of rules, which become obsolete as attackers learn new strategies to circumvent existing defenses. This article proposes synthesis of suricata rules (Syrius), a novel approach to synthesize rules for rule-based NIDS. Syrius leverages malicious (positive) and benign (negative) traffic to create rules for new attacks. Syrius is organized as a pipeline of three components to 1) create an overspecified seed rule, 2) derive plausible rules from the seed, and 3) rank plausible rules. We evaluated Syrius against a set of 21 network attacks with various characteristics. Syrius was capable of generating the correct rule among the top-3 and top-1 rules of the ranking, respectively, in 80.1% and 47.6% of the cases.


One objective of the study is to assess the effects of all currently known deviations from normal of medical, physiological, and biochemical parameters which appear to be due to zero gravity (zero-g) environment and to acceleration and deceleration to be experienced, as outlined in the references Solar Power Satellites (SPS) design, by space worker. Study results include identification of possible health or safety effects on space workers either immediate or delayed due to the zero gravity environment and acceleration and deceleration; estimation of the probability that an individual will be adversely affected; description of the possible consequence to work efficiency in persons adversely affected; and description of the possible/probable consequences to immediate and future health of individuals exposed to this environment. A research plan, which addresses the uncertainties in current knowledge regarding the health and safety hazards to exposed SPS space workers, is presented. Although most adverse affects experienced during space flight soon disappeared upon return to the Earth's environment, there remains a definite concern for the long-term effects to SPS space workers who might spend as much as half their time in space during a possible five year career period. The proposed 90 day up/90 day down cycle, coupled with the fact that most of the effects of weightlessness may persist throughout the flight along with the realization that recovery may occupy much of the terrestrial stay, may keep the SPS workers in a deviant physical condition or state of flux for 60 to 100% of their five year career.


In this paper,we consider a generalized risk model perturbed by diffusion involving two independent classes of insurance risks.By martingale approach,we assume that the two claim number processes are independent Poisson processes,an integro-differential equation for the ruin probability is obtained.The Lundberg inequality is derived.Finally,an example is presented.


Flashback is an important method of restructuring space-time in Ci by the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty, fully illustrating the characteristics in this type of Ci--"past" as a space-time pivot point. In the subjective level, it takes "present" or "future" as a space-time precondition, and employs a "past" factor into subjective space-time layer, so as to interrupt the normal narration, forming an interval. Its function lies in highlighting "past" by dissociation to express a passionate shock in which the adherents cherished the "past.


The rates of delayed transfer of care (DToC) are increasing nationwide. This paper examines the effects of being placed on a DToC on young people in a child and adolescent inpatient hospital.


Culturally and historically, the significance and scope of Meister's work is extremely important in the State of Texas. He exhibits the characteristics of a German background, responds to a color palettety pical of the time and area, and evidences designs the prallel the Victorian taste. It is rare to find such an extensive amount of work by one person remaining after so long a period of time. Artifacts in good condition are generally scarce. The opportunity to document the artifacts is valuable and greatly enhances the understanding of a previous culturalera. On a personal basis, the enjoyment can not be measured."Ornament … is that which beautifies and renders objects pleasing and delightful; but what is beauty? and whence does it arise? Beauty is that quality of a n object which causes delight, gladsomeness, or satisfaction to spring up within the beholder, or induces a thrill of delight in the soul: it arises from the absence of any want, and the presence of that which gratifies."


This study investigates the three-dimensional point cloud density necessary to quantify topography for prediction purposes. Index parameters have been collected for main scarps, flanks, scarplets, open cracks, and gravitational deformations, all of which are elements relevant to topographic interpretation. However, no comparison has been made between point density and qualitative terrain interpretation using aeronautical laser measurement methods and equipment. The study compares the point cloud acquisition efficiency of two different laser scanning systems, ALS and UAV, using seven different point cloud densities. In this paper, we examine the equipment, measurement accuracy, and topographically interpretable fine topography by applying the scanning systems at a rock fall site where measurements were taken 4 times. We found that a small cliff, 0.3 m tall, on a gentle slope can be detected at a point density of 1.0 point/ m, and that detection of a 0.45 meter tall cliff on a steep slope is possible with a point density of 59 points/m.


marked improvement despite the decline of the dollar since the first quarter of 1985 has led to several widely circulated views about the reasons for its persistence. One common view is represented by the unlevel playing field argument, which states that only the United States bases its policies on the rules of the free market while foreign govern ments engage in unfair trade practices by supporting targeted industries with subsidies and trade protection. Those holding this view advocate employing threats of retaliation to enforce reciprocity, for they claim that the restrictive trade practices of the U.S. trading partners are responsible for the sharp rise in the U.S. trade deficit in this decade. Unless the


A report is presented concerning Roman imported objects which were excavated at a Roman Iron Age settlement site, dating from the late 2nd to the early 5th century, located near Herzsprung. Besides discovering glass vessel pieces - particles of faceted cut glass and presumably remains of a Snartemo beaker - as well as an extraordinary fragment of Roman raw glass was disclosed. Accordingly, the beads adhere to the generally known patterns or the prior parameters set forth by other numerous comparable finds. With regard to metal objects excavated, two coins were unearthed, additionally, several fitting pieces and sheet metal fragments from Roman vessels. Two circular fitting parts were initially thought to pertain to the militaria category. However, they are now considered to be indigenous to the settlement or locally produced. Another revelation, was an item shaped in the form of a droplet or fish which has parallels either to local material to Roman. Concentrations of bronze residue were determined in a specific area of the settlement. Such remains are assumed to have been related to a workshop. In addition, the discovery of the raw Roman glass fragment serves as supporting evidence of the factor that this locality did process imported material from elsewhere.


: The purpose of this study is to examine how an individual's involvement in exercise and sports, including past experience, is related to age group for career patterns of sports participation (the experience of adherence, adoption, dropout and resumption) in adults. This study relies on secondary analysis data, derived from the 2018 Kansai Sports Monitoring Survey. The survey was conducted from December 6 to 10, 2018, using a web questionnaire, which remained open for participation until the total number of responses reached 10,000. The subjects analyzed in this study were (1) basic attributes; (2) sports involvement status, past and present; and (3) experience in career patter ns of sports participation over the past year. Respondents were classified into three age groups: 18–29, 30–49, and 50 and older. First, for each of the four career groups, cross tabulation and chi-squared tests were conducted to examine the relationship between the age groups and each factor. Second, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using significant items derived from the chi-squared test as explanatory variables and the three age groups as objective variables. The results indicate that there are differences by career in the relationship between age group and the status of sports involvement. Furthermore, in addition to youth experience, participation behaviors other than recent involvement in sports are related to the 50 and older for each career. It will be important to pay more attention to the relationship between sports-related activities other than participation in exercise and sports. adherence, dropout, adoption, and resumption


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the quantity, the quality and the outcome of the tactical actions of the champions' teams compared to runner-up and third-placed teams in small-sided and conditioned games tournaments in the under-15 category. We analyzed 18 teams composed of three players, they were 13.92 ± 1.17 years old and with 5.65 ± 2.65 years of time practice. These players performed 4,716 tactical actions evaluated by System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentage difference), Shapiro–Wilk test, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test, paired t-test, and Cohen's kappa test were used. The results indicated that the champions' teams accomplished more offensive tactical actions (quantitatively) and were more efficient (qualitatively) in these actions than the other teams. In addition, the champions' teams were more effectiveness (action outcomes) in offensive and defensive movements. Otherwise, the runner-up and third-placed performed more (quantitatively) defensive tactical actions and were more efficient (qualitatively) in these actions. It is concluded that the champions' teams had more initiative in the matches due to the greater quantity and quality of their offensive tactical actions and more effectiveness in the offensive and defensive actions, while their opponents were reactive.


On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, and organizational life around the world changed dramatically overnight. In response, there has been a flurry of management research that seeks to understand the wide-ranging implications of this crisis. In this article, we summarize a scoping review of 69 articles that focused on management issues during the pandemic to understand how it affected individuals, teams, leaders, organizations, and society at large. We also identify and discuss the theoretical perspectives that were prominent in these investigations. We conclude by identifying directions for future inquiry with a mind toward research questions that are likely to be relevant in a postpandemic workplace and note some implications for management scholarship as well.


The article discusses financing methods of companies in the telecommunications industry, the specific characteristics of the telecommunications industry. A significant part of the article is devoted to the study of the financing specifics of telecommunications companies, depending on the specific characteristics of the industry. The problems of financing and the ways of their solution are identified.


AIMS
Minimum alcohol prices in British Columbia have been adjusted intermittently over the past 20 years. The present study estimates impacts of these adjustments on alcohol consumption.

DESIGN
Time-series and longitudinal models of aggregate alcohol consumption with price and other economic data as independent variables.

SETTING
British Columbia (BC), Canada.

PARTICIPANTS
The population of British Columbia, Canada, aged 15 years and over.

MEASUREMENTS
Data on alcohol prices and sales for different beverages were provided by the BC Liquor Distribution Branch for 1989-2010. Data on household income were sourced from Statistics Canada.

FINDINGS
Longitudinal estimates suggest that a 10% increase in the minimum price of an alcoholic beverage reduced its consumption relative to other beverages by 16.1% (P < 0.001). Time-series estimates indicate that a 10% increase in minimum prices reduced consumption of spirits and liqueurs by 6.8% (P = 0.004), wine by 8.9% (P = 0.033), alcoholic sodas and ciders by 13.9% (P = 0.067), beer by 1.5% (P = 0.043) and all alcoholic drinks by 3.4% (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS
Increases in minimum prices of alcoholic beverages can substantially reduce alcohol consumption.


LEUCOPLAKIA vulvse and kraurosis vulvse are skin-affections of the vulva, the literature of which is almost exclusively restricted to gynaecological journals and textbooks. It is an interesting feature of this literature that whilst a vast amount of it is devoted to discussions of the problem whether leucoplakia vulvse and kraurosis vulvse are two distinct conditions or whether they are different stages of the same condition, no reference is made to other comparable skin conditions, and no differential diagnosis is suggested. The inevitable conclusion follows that the conditions described under these titles are regarded as affections sui generis peculiar to the female genitalia. It would seem a fundamental principle in the study of skin-affections that similar lesions occurring in the same patient at different sites cannot be dissociated, and that the investigation of a skin-affection cannot be confined merely to the study of its manifestations at one particular site, such as, for example, the external genitalia in women. Influenced by this principle the attempt has been made in the cases which form the subject of this review to correlate the varied types of skin-lesions which were observed at different sites in the same patient. All of these cases had vulval symptoms, for which in the majority of cases advice had primarily been sought. Many had been referred with the diagnosis " leucoplakia vulvse ", and it has been a matter for surprise to discover how frequently these proved to be cases of unrecognized


A new technique was developed to study the molecular mechanics of highly oriented polypropylene during stress relaxation and creep. The polarized infrared spectrum was recorded while the polymer was under load. Stress relaxation effects were investigated during the two-stage process of fast decay followed by a slower "dynamic equilibrium" decay by examining the stress-sensitive 975-cm−1 band and the orientation-sensitive 899-cm−1 band. In the fast decay region, the aligned chains became more highly overstressed and the nonaligned chains quickly relieved themselves of their initial overstress. These findings suggest an exchange of stress from nonaligned to aligned chain segments, without much orientation change. Also, a rupture of very highly overstressed aligned chains is though to occur. In the slow decay region, the aligned overstressed chains showed a relief of stress accompanied by some disorientation or helix distortion. Creep, however, appeared to occur via a process which involved all chains regardless of alignment. It was found that the number of highly stressed bonds increased with time at the expense of the intermediately stressed bonds. Very little change in overall orientation was noted, which probably explains the observed crazing and void formation.


A transparent conductive oxide-less dye-sensitized solar cell (TCO-less DSC) consisting of a thick and porous Ti electrode is reported. The Ti electrode was contacted with the back of a stained porous titania layer. A thick Ti electrode prepared by conventional sputtering prevented ionic diffusions through the Ti electrode and decreased photovoltaic performance. Tetrapod-shaped ZnO crystals were used to prepare straight and continuous nanopores in the Ti electrode to maintain the ionic diffusion. 8% efficiency of the TCO-less DSC is also reported.


In the present study, we investigated the effect of green tea catechins on the mRNA level and promoter activity of CYP7A1 gene in human hepatocellular blastoma cells (HepG2). The CYP7A1 mRNA level was measured using real time PCR. The −1312/+358 bp of CYP7A1 promoter was subcloned into the pGL3‐Basic vector that includes luciferase as a reporter gene. The CYP7A1 promoter/luciferase chimeric plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells using superfect. Different kinds of catechin, (−)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG), (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), and (−)‐epicatechin (EC) up‐regulated the CYP7A1 mRNA level by 5.5‐, 4.2‐, 2.9‐ and 1.9‐fold, respectively, compared to the control. Also, ECG or EGCG significantly increased CYP7A1 promoter (−1312/+358 bp) activity by 6.0‐ and 4.0‐fold, respectively compared to the control (P<0.05). The effect of EGCG, a major compound from green tea catechins, was investigated at different concentrations. The EGCG stimulated CYP7A1 gene expression showing increase the CYP7A1 mRNA level and promoter activity (P < 0.05) at dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest that the expression of CYP7A1 gene, the rate‐limiting enzyme in regulating cholesterol metabolism, may be up‐regulated by green tea catechin, at the transcriptional level through the promoter activation.


The discussion about carbon neutrality has recently spread worldwide in response to the climate crisis. In Korea, the concept of zero-energy buildings is one of the means to reduce carbon emissions in the construction sector. Photovoltaic (PV) power systems are the most commonly installed renewable energy systems in residential buildings. However, the installed PV capacity in apartment houses is limited because of difficulty in securing PV installation area and inability to process the surplus PV power. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are emerging as a means for the storage and reuse of surplus PV power. In this study, the energy-saving effect of a residential BESS connected to a rooftop PV system was analyzed for eight households in a multi-family house. The data of the main load power (grid supply) and PV+BESS power from households collected from August to October 2021 were analyzed. During the operation of the BESS, the surplus PV power was stored in the battery, and the PV+BESS power was continuously supplied to the load by discharging the battery regardless of the PV power time. Based on the average representative data for 6 days, the power saving rate was approximately 26.0% for the rooftop PV system and approximately 41.8% for the BESS.


Ultrasound measurements (at four different frequencies) in the range 15 MHz–75 MHz corresponding to a low frequency pulse technique were made on polypropylene (PP) films of different draw ratios, λa = 1,0, 2,8, 4,9 and 5,8. Process-dependent properties such as draw ratio (and/or thickness), quenching and annealing are functions on which attenuation depends. The logarithm of attenuation for all the samples increases almost linearly with frequency (an instrumental parameter). Such linearity is not observed when looking into the dependence of attenuation on draw ratio or thickness. This is explained in terms of the structural and morphological nature of the samples. The variation of attenuation with draw ratio indicates an exponential increase at frequencies greater than 17 MHz. The increase is very sharp at frequencies of 60,11 and 71,00 MHz. At a frequency of 16,58 MHz, a gradual linear increase in attenuation is observed with draw ratio. On the other hand, as expected, the converse situation of these observations is noted in the dependence of attenuation on film thickness.


This paper is located in the field of critical heritage studies and focusses on Swedish cultural heritage law and the export control of moveable heritage objects. The starting point for the research lies in the 2014 redrafting of the opening section of the cultural heritage law, which for the first time includes objectives relating to pluralism and diversity. Export control (which is regulated in the 5th chapter of the cultural heritage law), was not updated at the same time, but it is nevertheless intended to be read in the light of the preliminary provisions. Since chapter 5 previously was perceived to rest on outdated nationalistic values, the question arise as to whether there is a discrepancy in relation to the new objectives that were formulated in 2014.In order to address the question the study looks back at the formative moments and change of the export control regulations from the 1920s onwards and relates this to current cultural policy objectives and goals of conservation. The motives for export control and the type of objects protected through the ages are analysed and compared qualitatively. The source material primarily consists of legal documents, state government investigations and government bills.The study shows that the law gradually changed from protecting a few object types to become more expansive and detailed in terms of the type of artifact and it´s age, value, and origin. This increased degree of segregation and designation leads to concerns relating to what is included and what is not. Some traditionally highly valued object types and periods have continued to be protected whilst others are consistently less valued and excluded, despite ongoing discussions about the need for a more inclusive legislation since the early preparatory work. The broadened idea about what is worth preserving, which can be seen in the contemporary collection policies of museums, is not reflected in the legislation. Instead evident economic, cultural, ethnic and age hierarchies have been created.The law ignores the fact that moving an artifact from its original historical setting to another location in Sweden can cause greater harm than moving an object that has already been moved from its original location overseas. Instead the law assumes that certain objects are the property of the Swedish people and that the nation of Sweden is a safe, original and "natural" environment for them, despite the fact that the opposite often proves to be the case. A paradox is evident in the fact that the mismanagement and distortion of valuable artifacts that are protected against export is not illegal, as long as the object stays inside the borders of Sweden.Cultural policy objectives have, since the late 1970s, influenced the stated rationale for cultural heritage law and export legislation. Since outdated values and standards, including numerous nationalistic ones, where Swedish culture is seen as being distinct, high-cult and sovereign, still shines through in the export legislation, it is clear that there is a tendency to a rhetorical but not a fundamental change in parts of the cultural heritage sector, including the legislative context. The hypothesis that chapter 5 is still underpinned and characterised by nationalistic values, national protectionism and the creation of national identity can thus be said to be proven.


The influences of network environment on university library's information resources construction are analyzed.Thestrategy for construction of information resources in networkenvironmentis discussed.The workof our li brary's informationresources construction is summarized.Suggestions for better construction of information resources are put forward.


An attempt is made to correlate the differences in the low temperature phonon resistivities of various normal metals to the anisotropy of electron-phonon scattering. Within the uncertainty of experimental data a rather general picture is obtained which shows that Zn and Sn are the metals with the strongest anisotropy.


Use of intelligent robotic tools promises an alternative and superior way of performing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. In the robotic-assisted surgical paradigm proposed, the conventional surgical tools are replaced with robotic instruments which are under direct control of the surgeon through teleoperation. The robotic tools actively cancel the relative motion between the surgical instruments and the point-of-interest on the beating heart, in contrast to traditional off-pump CABG where the heart is passively constrained to dampen the beating motion. As a result, the surgeon operates on the heart as if it were stationary. We call the proposed algorithm "active relative motion cancelling (ARMC)" to emphasize the active cancellation. In the paper, a model-based intelligent ARMC algorithm is proposed to achieve effective motion cancellation. This is followed by an analysis of local motion of the heart collected using a sonomicrometry system to determine the specifications for ARMC system. Finally, the experimental results of the algorithm implemented on two 1-DOF robotic test-bed systems are reported