The translations of the Hebrew word ם ד א ('ɔdɔm) in Ps.81.7 differ between the two versions by Jerome (c.345‒420), namely, the Psalter according to the Septuagint and the Psalter according to the Hebrew Bible. The former version was translated by Jerome from the Hexaplaric Greek text of the Septuagint in approximately 386. The latter is the version directly translated from the Hebrew text available between circa 390 and 392. He translated םדא as homines ("human beings") in the Psalter according to the Septuagint but as Adam in the Psalter according to the Hebrew Bible. What was his reason for changing the translation? Cameron remarks, "The patristic tradition of interpreting verses 6‒7 in relation to Adam is almost certainly the explanation for Jerome's translation of 7a as ergo quasi Adam moriemini in the IH [sc. Iuxta Hebraeos (the Psalter "according to the Hebrew Bible")] ...when his usual practice is to translate םדא as homo," and refers us to Mosser, who traced the history of early patristic exegesis of Psalm 81. Cameron's remark is indeed plausible, but he did not consider the problem any further. In fact, Jerome left some remarks on Ps.81.7 in his writings, namely, the Commentarioli in Psalmos ("Notes on the Psalms") and the Tractatus in Psalmos ("Tractates on the Psalms"). By examining what he said in these writings, we will explore the issue in more detail and provide a brief account of the process of his translation based on the Hebrew original. We will start by checking what Christian writers before Jerome said concerning the words ἄνθρωποι (the translation in the Septuagint) or homines. Then, we will consider Jerome's thoughts on the difference between the two translations in his writings. Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 56 (2015), pp.43-48. C Hitotsubashi University


This paper explores the possibilities of using video-conferencing as part of a sister class project in order to increase the use of Greek as a second or foreign language. The research described in this paper is part of a European Union-funded project which is run by the Centre of Migration and Intercultural Studies of the University of Crete and is supervised by the Greek Ministry of Education. As a result of this program, an electronic learning environment was designed to enable the teaching and learning of Greek language and history among pupils (K-12) who attend various forms of Greek-language education worldwide. The web-based environment allows students and teachers to engage in interactive and multimodal learning tasks promoting language learning. It also gives teachers and students the opportunity to become part of a community of learning through global learning networks and to use what they have learned in creative ways and in ways that have meaning for the learners. This program has been in effect for three years, from 2011 to this date. This paper will focus on one of the twelve twinned-classrooms which took part in the Communities of Learning during the 2012-2013 school year. This case study draws conclusions dealing with the benefits of video conferencing for second/foreign language learning.


According to the plane curve constant speed movement simplified mathematical model computation of motion parameters,in the design of test device,with eccentric parts as,with the movement control card specimens control specimen and measurement device movement,the actual linear velocity profile measurement specimens.By changing the influence on the motion parameters of the testing and analysis,the relative error of the actual linear velocity in 3% within,explain the simplified mathematical model plane curve parts of movement control can be realized constant speed of plane curve constant speed simplified mathematical model is applied to provide reliable basis for production.


Rheumatic diseases are traditionally treated using symptomatic drugs (NSAIDs Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) and specific drugs. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of traditional NSAIDs, caused by both types of COX enzymes, besides easing inflammation and pain, also has a number of damaging effects on gastric mucosa protection mechanisms. Therefore, NSAIDs administration is also contraindicated in patients who suffered or are suffering from chronic liver or kidney disease, or in patients on anticoagulants. We therefore decided to study the effect of a combination of fixed doses of Serratiopeptidases, Bromelain and Methylsulfonylmethane extracts in inflammatory joint diseases. From 1st December 2014 to 31st March 2015, we selected 74 patients with chronic inflammatory joint diseases of different types in an acute phase, as documented by high VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) rates and increased ESR and CRP values. Patients were randomly subdivided in two groups: in treatment group, during the first 3 months, patients also took a solution of Serratiopeptidases, Bromelain and Methylsulfonylmethane extracts, before the main meal of the day; in control group patients did not take any therapy in addition to the background one. Patients in the treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction in ESR and pain, measured with the VAS scale; moreover intake of Serratiopeptidases, Bromelain and Methylsulfonylmethane extracts led to no statistically significant change in liver (AST and ALT) and kidney (Creatinine) function in the treatment group as opposed to the control one. In this preliminary study, the product containing Serratiopeptidases, Bromelain and Methylsulfonylmethane extracts achieved optimum effectiveness and showed no side effects, although a long-term multi-centre study would be needed to confirm our results. Correspondence to: Martin-Martin LS, 1Department of Internal Medicine, "Regina Apostolorum" Hospital – Albano Laziale (Rome), Italy. E-mail: severino. email@example.com Received: April 22, 2017; Accepted: May 26, 2017; Published: May 30, 2017 Introduction Rheumatic disorders are diseases of various kinds affecting bones, joints and connective tissues. Often linked to different contributing causes, they may also be of hereditary origin. Rheumatic diseases affecting bones, joints and connective tissues fall into 13 sub-groups: arthrosis (osteoarthritis), primary arthritis, microcrystalline and dysmetabolic arthropathies, non-traumatic painful affections of the spine, bone diseases, connective tissue diseases and vasculitides (systemic rheumatic diseases), arthritis caused by infectious agents, extra-articular rheumatic diseases, neurological, neurovascular and psychic disorders, congenital connective tissue diseases, cancer and related disorders as well as other diseases having rheumatologic manifestations. Rheumatic diseases are traditionally treated using symptomatic drugs (that is drugs that act on the symptoms but are unable to change the course of the disease) and specific drugs (that is drugs acting on the causes of the disease that can slow down both its damage progression and scale). Rheumatic diseases can be recognized as they share common symptoms, such as pain and swelling of hand and wrist joints or prolonged joint stiffness for more than an hour in the morning. Other symptoms are fingers turning white, dry eyes – like you have sand in themand mouth, as well as joint or muscle pain. Given the inflammatory nature of these diseases, the most commonly used drugs to treat them are NSAIDs. The acronym stands for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, that is drugs that are able to reduce a number of inflammatory processes of the organism but do not fall in the steroids category. Although different in terms of chemical structure, NSAIDs constitute a rather homogeneous group of compounds with regard to their effect: besides having an antiinflammatory action, they also have an analgesic and antipyretic one, that is they are efficient pain-killing and fever-reducing drugs. NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect mainly through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme that allows the transformation of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2, which is the precursor of all prostaglandins (PGs), chemical substances controlling several physiological and pathological body processes. Under normal conditions, PGs play a key role in guaranteeing the integrity of the gastric mucosa, standard renal circulation and efficient platelet functioning. COX enzymes can take two different forms, one is called COX-1, the other COX-2, where the former regulates the synthesis of PGs under physiological conditions and the latter is produced right where inflammation arises. Martin-Martin LS (2017) Efficacy of a combination of fixed doses of serratiopeptidases, bromelain and methylsulfonylmethane in inflammatory joint diseases Volume 2(3): 2-4 Rheumatol Orthop Med, 2017 doi: 10.15761/ROM.1000119 Nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of traditional NSAIDs, caused by both types of COX enzymes, besides easing inflammation and pain, also has a number of damaging effects on gastric mucosa protection mechanisms. This is due to the fact that PGs, as a rule, reduce acid secretion, stimulate the production of mucus and bicarbonates and improve blood circulation in the mucosa ultimately guaranteeing the integrity of stomach lining. In addition to this systemic action, NSAIDs have a detrimental local effect, which is independent from prostaglandin synthesis, mediated by their ability to facilitate the penetration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach lining with obvious corrosive effects on the mucosa. The side effects of these drugs are largely due to the inhibition induced by prostaglandin synthesis. It goes without saying that the most common adverse reaction to NSAIDs intake is the appearance of digestive tract disorders with nausea, vomiting, heartburns and diarrhoea. If taken regularly or for a prolonged period of time, they may lead to the formation of real ulcers of the gastrointestinal mucosa with mild, but also, in some cases, severe bleeding requiring emergency hospitalization. Such side effects may be reduced if NSAIDs are taken right after meals, on a full stomach, or together with antiacids or stomach-protective drugs. For the same reason it is appropriate to avoid drinking alcohol while taking NSAIDs. Therefore, NSAIDs administration is contraindicated not only in cases of individual intolerance but also in patients who suffered or are suffering from gastro-duodenal ulcer, digestive haemorrhage, chronic liver or kidney disease, or in patients on anticoagulants. It has been widely proven that the risk of significant side effects increases with ageing and this phenomenon appears to be linked essentially to the fact that, with ageing, defences of the gastric and duodenal mucosa tend to lower. Other risk factors are the intake of steroids, diabetes and some heart diseases, smoking as well as another factor: that is how long the patient has been taking NSAIDs. Besides, taking more than one NSAID at the same time, or associating NSAIDs and aspirin, as well as the type of NSAIDs is used are factors directly linked to the frequency and severity of damage to the digestive system. For example, some NSAIDs, such as piroxicam and ketoprofen, have a higher risk of complications, whereas ibuprofen and diclofenac prove to be less harmful. Finally, it should be noted that NSAID intake might also result in allergic skin rashes (itching, skin rashes, hives), dizziness and drowsiness. To avoid all these side effects, scientists are currently looking for new molecules to reduce risks for patients. Three of these molecules are Serratiopeptidases, Bromelain and Methylsulfonylmethane. Serratiopeptidases are proteolytic enzymes produced by an enterobacter belonging to the Serratia species. Serratiopeptidases have a proteolytic and fibrinolytic action and are used in every field of medicine as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oedema remedy. Serratiopeptidases improve microcirculation in the inflamed area by promoting the reabsorption of exudates: they accelerate the elimination of mucus, purulent exudate and fibrin exudates [1-3]. Bromelain is an enzyme having a proteolytic activity, extracted from pineapples' stems, and a strong anti-inflammatory action. It is able to reduce tissue oedema and relieve congestion in the mucosa when an inflammation occurs, by decreasing the production of proinflammatory prostaglandins [4-6]. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), also known as Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2), is an organic sulphur-containing compound that can be found in fruit, vegetables and animal species. MSM has an anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activity: an in vitro study on the cell lines of macrophages, where an inflammatory state was induced, showed that adding MSM significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide and PGE2. It also reduced the intracellular signals of inflammation such as IL-6 and TNF-α [7-10]. Combining these molecules with Vitamin C is capital for immune defences: in an inflammation the concentration of Vitamin C in white blood cells decreases rapidly. Vitamin C affects the immune system by stimulating lymphocyte function and activity, by increasing interferon levels and obtaining therefore an antibody response. As a scavenger, it plays a crucial role in the body's defence mechanisms against free radicals, as it prevents lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA and proteins [11]. We therefore decided to study the effect of a combination of fixed doses of these substances (Serratiopeptidases, Bromelain and Methylsulfonylmethane extracts) in inflammatory joint diseases. Materials and methods From 1st December 2014 to 31st March 2015, we selected 74 patients (24 men and 50 women, average age 68 years) with chronic inflammatory joint diseases of different types: Polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthr


Magnetic nonporous hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl
methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) [P(HEMA-EDMA))],
poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate)
[P(HEMA-GMA)], and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) [PGMA]
microspheres were prepared by a single-step dispersion
polymerisation in the presence of sterically or
electrostatically stabilised colloidal magnetite or maghemite.
Enzymes, such as RNase A, DNase I, proteinase K and Salmonella
antibodies were immobilised on the microspheres and their
applicability in molecular diagnostic was demonstrated.
Heterogeneous lanthanide complexes of
ethylenediaminetetraacetic and iminodiacetic acid immobilised
on magnetic PGMA and P(HEMA-EDMA) microspheres, respectively,
were used as catalysts of plasmid DNA cleavage. Monodisperse
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microparticles were prepared by two
methods, namely, ammonium persulfate-initiated precipitation
polymerization in water and
2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile-initiated and poly(hydrogenated
isoprene-block-styrene)-stabilized dispersion polymerization in
toluene/heptane. Microspheres were applied for reversible
adsorption of DNA at different temperatures.


The properties of the polymerization kinetics and the thermdynamics of high temperature vulcanizable(HTV)fluorosilicone rubber are researched by a small reactor.In order to study the polymerization kinetics of HTV fluorosilicone rubber,it is polymerizated at different polymerization temperature and initiator concentration.The polymerization temperature and initiator concentration's effects rule on HTV fluorosilicone rubber are obtained.


We present a case of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) to illustrate the advantage of gadolinium-enhanced MR images in identifying PVS nodules that contain a paucity of hemosiderin


A population study of the Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennetti) was carried out during June and December 2000 in an enclosed area named Gogelao Enclosure at Nagaur District, Rajasthan. In all, 51 herds containing 242 individuals and four solitary males were counted in June and 45 herds with 248 individuals and one solitary male were recorded in December. Mean herd size was 5.06 and 5.61 individuals in June and December respectively. Density was 48.4 animals (km -1 ) in June and 49.6 animals in December.


Carrier to Noise Ratio (CNR) has been inv over fiber systems including the effe dispersion, phase noise due to RF oscill filter bandwidth in this paper. Optical Sing is studied as it has tolerance for power d dispersion effects over a length of fiber. I been made out for Radio frequency of continuous wave (CW) laser source of 15 been evaluated using Power Spectr function.CNR is studied for varying electric filter power to total RF power ratio over chromatic dispersion D=17 ps/km nm.


To the Editor:

Recently, de Koning et al1 presented an extensive and elegant investigation in which the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. These results provide new fundamental insights into novel cardiovascular disease risk factors and primary prevention.

However, in …


Dis-identification has become a key research area in organization studies, demonstrating how employees subjectively distance themselves from managerial domination by protecting/constructing their more 'authentic' identities. But how should we understand situations where even these 'real' selves are experienced as alien and foreign? We revise the theory of self-alienation to explain cases beyond disidentification, where even back-stage identities ('who we really are') are considered something polluted, objectified and foreign. Drawing on an illustrative empirical vignette of a consultant, we demonstrate how a revised version of self-alienation might usefully capture experiences of work where the back-stage/front-stage boundary breaks down. We tentatively posit three causes of this self-alienation in relation to contemporary organizations, and discuss their significance in the context of organizational dis-identification.


Objective:To understand the antibiotic resistance,distribution of nosocomial infections and genotypes of extended spectrum β-1actamases of Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from clinical specimens.Methods: A total of 105 strains of Proteus mirabilis were analysed for their antimicrobial susceptibility.The gene of ESBLs-producing isolates were detected by PCR and then sequenced.Results: None of these Proteus mirabilis isolates was found resistant to imipenem,mempenem and cefoxitin,while their drug resistance rates to ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin and the third-generation cephalosporins were at low level,17(16.2%) strains were identified as ESBls producers.The genotypes of these strains included CTX-M-14(14/17),CTX-M-15(3/17).Conclusion: The detection rate of ESBL-producing Proteus mirabilis was still low.17 strains of ESBL-producing Proteus mirabilis,with the genotype of CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14,were resistant to many antibacterial agents.More attention should be paid to survey such strains.


According to the investigation of two villages in Shandong, the authors consider that the prominent trait of the country power integration in current China society is the power infiltration from none governmental organizations and economic organizations to governmantal organizations, and that able persons in ecnomics and politics are the main body of the country power. The formation of the existent power pattern and problems in countryside are involved. Also,some advice are given. 


The braiding processes of regenerated peripheral nerve conduit are presented in this paper. The influences of processing factors such as braided structure, braiding angle and axial yarn linear density are discussed to investigate the radial compressive property of the conduit.


This paper presents two new efficient algorithms for estimating the capacity reliability of ageing water distribution systems recognising the uncertainties in nodal demands and the pipe capacity. Capacity reliability is defined as the probability that the nodal demand is met at or over the prescribed minimum pressure for a fixed network configuration. Uncertainties in the nodal demands and values of pipe roughness are modelled by a probabilistic approach. The impacts of these uncertainties on the hydraulic performance of water distribution systems are then assessed by probabilistic hydraulic models based on the mean value first order second moment (MVFOSM) method and the first order reliability method (FORM) respectively. The performances of the models are evaluated and compared by application to an example network. Results from this application indicate that both models provide reasonably accurate estimates of capacity reliability of a deteriorated distribution network in the cases that the uncertainty in the random variables is small. However, FORM performs much better in cases involving large variability in the nodal demands and pipe roughnesses.


The purpose of this research is to explain the suitability between problem and concept of HOTS in question of social sciences semester 1 of grade fourth Elementary School Kerten 2 Surakarta for the 2020/2021 academic year. This research uses thinking level and stimulus indicators. The results of this research shows that there is no conformity between hots concept and problem because the percentage of HOTS on social science questions only 9%. The primary data in this research is a document evaluate of the learning results of theme 1 to theme 5 social sciences grade fourth Elementary School Kerten 2 Surakarta. The results of this research is useful to improve teachers quality when make a question with cognitive levels to learners so they can make some levels on their assessements. In addition, this research is intend as an option to determine the criteria of the questions to improve the critical thinking of learners.


By combining model-potential molecular-dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations we investigate the microscopic mechanism of silicon trapping by carbon substitutional defects (C S ). We find that, upon silicon trapping, carbon is converted into an interstitial mobile complex (C l by an efficient exothermic reaction. Interstitial carbon C I may further interact either with another C S , forming the well-known C I C S dicarbon complex, or with extra silicon and carbon interstitials. In particular, we identify and characterize two structures, namely, C I I and C I C I . They are found energetically stable so that they could play a crucial role in the process of carbon aggregation. According to our calculations C I C I may be formed by the interaction of one I with a C I C S , proving that the latter is not a deactivated trap for interstitials. Our results further suggest that C I I and C I C I are seeds for further carbon aggregation.


Fain A s diabetes educators, we spend a great deal of time working with individuals in an outpatient setting, helping them to manage their blood glucose levels on a daily basis. While educating individuals about how food, activity levels, illness, or medication affects blood glucose levels, we continually stress the importance of keeping blood glucose levels in the recommended target range to prevent or delay long-term health problems associated with diabetes. What happens when individuals with diabetes are hospitalized for heart disease, infections, surgery, or cases of emergency? Unfortunately, glucose control has not been a focal point of discussion among clinicians because of a lack of published guidelines/protocols and/or a lack of evidence demonstrating high glucose levels associated with poor outcomes. For many years, emphasis on inpatient diabetes care has focused on treating individuals admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis or educating patients who were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes self-management education concerning issues related to improving inpatient glucose control has not received adequate attention. Results from several epidemiological studies strongly suggest that patients with diabetes have an increased morbidity and mortality associated with myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass, and stroke. In all instances, high blood glucose levels were associated with a poor outcome. How then do we focus on improving inpatient glucose control? In January 2006, representatives from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), American College of Endocrinology (ACE), and American Diabetes Association (ADA) held a Consensus Conference titled "Improving Inpatient Diabetes Care: A Call to Action." In addition to the AACE, ACE, and ADA, other major organizations helped cosponsor the conference including the American Association of Diabetes Educators, American Heart Association, and Society of Critical Care Medicine, to name a few. The conference addressed strategies for the implementation of glucose control in hospitalized patients as well as reviewed protocols that have been successful for hospitals across the nation. Proceedings from the conference outline the evidence in support of inpatient glucose control and identify areas needing further research. In this issue of The Diabetes Educator, Osburne and colleagues provide readers with the results of a quality improvement project assessing the feasibility of a nursedriven effort to improve hyperglycemia in an intensive care unit. A sample guideline is provided that includes best practices created by a multidisciplinary team to improve care of individuals with diabetes. Osburne's article is the first of several other articles to be published on the topic of inpatient glucose control in the next couple of issues of The Diabetes Educator. While the topic of inpatient diabetes care and glucose management has not received a lot of attention, an increased awareness has begun to occur with the development of new protocols/guidelines that hospitals can use in caring for patients with diabetes. EDITORIAL I I


This study is to call for the necessity of the research and development of the contents for the integrated education though the analysis on the social role of the married women immigrants who have led their successful lives in Korean society, which may be considered as the professional resources and through the analysis on the role of its relevant educational institutions out of the dispensational and sympathetic case analyses on the married women immigrants through the existing methodology of role theory. Currently, the order of nationalities sorted by the largest foreign residents in Korean society is as follows ; Chinese, Korean-Chinese, followed by Vietnamese. And the Chinese and Korean-Chinese account for the biggest part of the nationalities of the married women immigrants, which is the top object of concern in the discourse regarding the multi-cultural society, followed by Vietnamese, amounting roughly to the total number of foreign residents in Korea. People of their 30s make up the biggest part of the married women immigrants, followed by those of their 20s and 40s. In other words, it is found that they are very young. The nationalities of married women immigrants are similar to those of low-skilled foreign workers and immigrant youths. It can be predicted that the married women immigrants have a variety of possibilities as the productive populations who are bilingual through the similarity in their nationalities. The direction of providing the proper function to society and of overcoming the barriers to the social integration presented in the relevant various researches with the preparation of the policies granting the roles to the married women immigrants in consideration of their haracteristics. is sought in this study.


Path planning is a critical problem in the area of robot control technique.The types of path planning methods can be classified as global and local.The limitations of classic global path planning methods were analyzed.A new algorithm—the Blind Groping algorithm—for mobile robots collision avoidance planning is provided.A detailed account of the algorithm process is given and a proof has been presented for the convergence.Compared with the classical global path planning methods,the obstacle environment does not need to be simplified before planning.The theory of this algorithm is simple,and the calculation is easy.It only needs a small storage of information.A free path can be found out quickly.At last,some numerical experiment results have justified and validated the algorithm.


With the popularization of mobile devices usage,Internet has been inextricably interwoven with our daily life.In this background,people are wondering how to discover valuable information in massive amounts of information on Internet,how to acquire information more effectively.Infographic are graphic visual representations of information,data or knowledge intended to present complex information quickly and clearly.They can improve cognition by utilizing graphics to enhance the human visual system 's ability to see patterns and trends.But static infographic is limited by its media.Interactive infographic are the combination of internet application and infographic,it is an enhanced type of infographic which can present multimedia information and allow user to interact with.


This study compares the effects of adding 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% of various calcium salts on the qualities of the model cookies, cookies, and their relation to the reducing sugar content. The highest inhibition of acrylamide formation is obtained by a 1.0% calcium carbonate fortification of the model cookies (60.47%). The formation of acrylamide shows a positive correlation with the reducing sugar concentration of these cookies. The reducing sugar of model cookies fortified with calcium carbonate shows the highest correlation with the acrylamide concentration (R2=0.99). The reducing sugar content of cookies has the greatest decrease (54%) with the addition of 1% calcium carbonate. The addition of calcium salts, except for calcium carbonate, has significant effect on the appearance and spread ratio of the cookies. The overall acceptability of the fortified cookies is significantly improved by the addition of 1% calcium carbonate.


Barbara Yorke's typically incisive work, integrating historical and archaeological approaches, has to me always demonstrated most clearly the value of adopting a multi-disciplinary approach. Her willingness to include archaeological evidence alongside that from written sources has facilitated the analysis of Anglo-Saxon England, and Wessex in particular, in a way that provides insights of equal relevance to those who study the social, cultural, historical, or landscape dimensions of early medieval societies. Barbara's interest in multidisciplinarity has seen her form a long and fruitful collaboration with archaeologists at ucl, co-investigating on a number of research projects. It is through my work on two of these projects—Landscapes of Governance and Travel and Communication in Anglo-Saxon England1—that I first properly got to known her. Drawing on aspects of research that emerged from these projects, this paper reviews the evidence for the political geography of early Hampshire—an area so well known to Barbara. The recent identification in Hampshire of a number of early territories underlying the later configuration of administrative divisions allows for a more detailed examination of the internal organisation of early medieval kingdoms.2 This paper makes observations about the suggested 'small shires' of Hampshire and describes some of the features of these early territories. It is argued that different types of territories can be identified, the comparison of which throws light on the evolution of local districts and of early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.


Abstract The effect of the proportion tourmaline (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%) on the photocatalytic properties of BiVO4 was studied. The results were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, PL spectroscopy and UV-vis DRS. The first-order kinetic model was employed to fit the experiment. The results showed that the addition 3% tourmaline improved the degradation rate of methylene blue by BiVO4 from 47.7% to 82.1%. The addition of tourmaline can reduce the electrons and holes recombination rate of BiVO4 to a certain extent, and greatly reduced the forbidden band width. resulting in more conducive to the photocatalytic reaction, thereby improving its photocatalytic efficiency.


Y-TZP/TiNi composites were successfully fabricated by reductive sintering process. Mechanical properties of Y-TZP / TiNi composites were much higher than those of Y-TZP monolith. XRD analysis revealed that TiNi-base intermetallic compounds such as Ni4Ti3, NiTi, Ni3Ti had been formed. Moreover, the electrical resistivity characteristics indicated that Y-TZP/TiNi composites were a good conductor of the electricity.


Objective To study the different ultrasonic features in patients of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with or without obesity based on body mass index (BMI), and to investigate whether certain hormonal factors correlate with ovarian morphology and blood flow, and to discuss the role of ultrasound combined with hormone test in the diagnosis of obese PCOS. Methods One hundred and five women with PCOS were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups according to BMI; obese PCOS group (OB-PCOS, n=32, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and non-obese PCOS (NOB-PCOS, n=73, BMI 25 kg/m2). The ultrasonic parameters of follicle number (FN), ovarian volume (Vol), resistance index (RI) of ovarian stromal blood, RI of uterine artery and serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), the ratio of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), free testosterone (FT), prolactin (PRL), sex hormoe binding globulin (SHBG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), the extent of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism (HOMA-IR) were measured and compared. The correlation of the ultrasonic parameters and hormonal factors were analyzed. Results The Vol of OB-PCOS group was significantly higher than NOB-PCOS group [(12.25±4.89) ml vs (10.73±2.30) ml, t= 2.20, P 0.05]. FN and uterine artery RI of OB-PCOS group had a rising trend and RI of ovarian interstitial was on a reducing trend compared with NOB-PCOS group. But the differences were not statistically significant. The levels of FINS and HOMA-IR in OB-PCOS group [(14.82±6.45) mU/L and (3.91±3.30)] were significantly higher than those in NOB-PCOS group [(8.04±4.57) mU/L and (1.64±1.20)] (t=4.87, 3.47, respectively, both P 0.01). And FSH in NOB-PCOS group was significantly higher than OB-PCOS group [(5.95±1.91) U/L vs (4.65±1.88) U/L, t=-2.77, P 0.01]. In POCS patients, FN was significantly associated with LH/FSH (r=0.35, P 0.01), and FT (r=0.38, P 0.01). Vol was significantly associated with LH/FSH, BMI, HOMA-IR and FPG (r=0.27, P 0.05; r=0.25, P 0.05; r=0.40, P 0.01; r=0.32, P 0.01). RI of ovarian stromal blood flow was significantly associated with SHBG (r=0.28, P 0.05). In OB-POCS group, RI of uterine artery was significantly associated with PRL (r=-0.58, P 0.05). Vol was significantly associated with HOMA-IR (r=0.47, P 0.05). In NOB-POCS group, FN was significantly associated with LH/FSH (r=0.33, P 0.05), and FT (r=0. 56, P 0.05). Vol was significantly associated with FT (r=0.31, P 0.05). Conclusion There are some differences in the ultrasound and endocrine parameters between obese and non-obese PCOS patients, and some correlations exist between them.


A new Einstein–Hilbert type action of superon-graviton model (SGM) for space-time and matter is obtained based upon the geometrical arguments of the higher symmetric (SGM) space-time. SGM action is invariant under [global NL SUSY] ⊗ [local GL(4, R)] ⊗ [local Lorentz] ⊗ [global SO(N)]. The explicit form of SGM action is given in terms of the fields of the graviton and superons by using the affine connection formalism. Some characteristic structures of the gravitational coupling of superons are manifested (in two dimensional space-time) with some details of the calculations. SGM cosmology is discussed briefly.


BACKGROUND
 Hypertension is a long-term medical condition. Mobile health services can help out-of-hospital patients to self-manage. However, not all management is effective, which may be because the behavior mechanism and behavior preferences of patients with various characteristics in hypertension management were unclear.

 OBJECTIVE
 The purpose of this study was to (1) explore patient multi-behavior engagement trails in the pathway-based hypertension self-management; (2) discover patient behavior preference patterns; (3) identify the characteristics of patients with different behavior preferences.

 METHODS
 This study included 863 hypertensive patients who generated 295,855 usage records in the mHealth app from December 28, 2016 to July 2, 2020. Markov Chain was used to infer the patient multi-behavior engagement trails, which contained the type, quantity, time spent, sequence, and transition probability of patient behavior. K-means algorithm was used to group patients by the normalized behavior preference features: the number of behavioral states that a patient performed in each trail. The pages in the app represented the behavior states. Chi-square tests, Z-test, analysis of variances, and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were conducted to characterize the patient behavior preference patterns.

 RESULTS
 Markov Chain analysis revealed 3 types of behavior transition (one-way transition, cycle-transition, and self-transition) and 4 trails of patient multi-behavior engagement. In perform task trail (PT-T), Patients preferred to start self-management from the states of Task BP (0.29), Task Drug (0.18), and Task Weight (0.20), and spent more time on the Task Food state (35.87s). Some patients entered the states of Task BP (0.20) and Task Drug (0.25) from the Reminder Item state. In result-oriented trail (RO-T), patients spent more energy on the Ranking state (19.66s) compared the Health Report state (13.52s). In knowledge learning trail (KL-T), there was a high probability of cycle-transition (0.47, 0.31) between the states of Knowledge List and Knowledge Content. In support acquisition trail (SA-T), there was a high probability of self-transition in the Questionnaire (0.29) state. K-means analysis discovered 3 patient behavior preference patterns: only PT-T, PT-T and KL-T, and PT-T and SA-T. There were statistically significant associations between the behavior preference pattern and gender, education level, and blood pressure (BP).

 CONCLUSIONS
 This study identified the dynamic, longitudinal, and multi-dimension characteristics of patient behavior. Patients preferred to focus on BP, medications, and weight conditions, and pay attention to BP and medications using reminders. The diet management and questionnaires were complicated and difficult to implement and record. Competitive methods such as ranking were more likely to attract patients to pay attention to their own self-management states. Female patients with lower education level and poor-controlled BP were more likely to be highly involved in hypertension health education.


In recent years,sketch designing has been a new teaching importantance at art school.Many people have always followed the traditional teaching methods which have actually been off the character of the profession,and limited the students'creative thinking and developping.Hence,according to this phenomenon and integrating with the needing of designing profession,the author displays the uniqueness,purposefulness and regularity of sketch designing from three aspects:concept and purpose,sense of sculpting,and thinking creation,and consequently illustrates the deep intension and extention of sketch designing.


The 180-amino acid core of theTATA-binding protein (TBPcore) is conserved from Archae bacteria to man. Vertebrate TBPs contain, in addition, a large and highly conserved N-terminal region that is not found in other phyla. We have generated a line of mice in which the tbp allele is replaced with a version, tbpΔN , which lacks 111 of 135 N-terminal amino acid residues. MosttbpΔN/ΔN fetuses die in midgestation. To test whether a disruption of general cellular processes contributed to this fetal loss, primary fibroblast cultures were established from +/+, ΔN/+, and ΔN/ΔN fetuses. The cultures exhibited no genotype-dependent differences in proliferation or in expression of the proliferative markers dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mRNA (S phase-specific) and cdc25B mRNA (G2-specific). The mutation had no effect on transcription initiation site fidelity by either RNA polymerase II (pol II) or pol III. Moreover, the mutation did not cause differences in levels of U6 RNA, a pol III-dependent component of the splicing machinery, in mRNA splicing efficiency, in expression of housekeeping genes from either TATA-containing or TATA-less promoters, or in global gene expression. Our results indicated that general eukaryotic cell functions are unaffected by deletion of these vertebrate-specific sequences from TBP. Thus, all activities of this polypeptide domain must either be compensated for by redundant activities or be restricted to situations that are not represented by primary fibroblasts.


Between February 1998 and April 1998, geophysical logs were collected in nine boreholes adjacent to the Berkley Products Superfund Site, West Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pa. Video surveys were conducted on four of the nine boreholes. The boreholes range in depth from 320 to 508 feet below land surface, are completed open holes, have ambient vertical flow of water, and penetrate a series of interbedded siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate units. The purpose of collecting geophysical-log data was to help determine horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known or suspected sources and to aid in the placement of permanent borehole packers. The primary contaminants were derived from paint waste that included pigment sludges and wash solvents. The chlorinated volatile organic compounds probably originated from the wash solvents. Caliper logs and video surveys were used to locate fractures; inflections on fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to verify the locations of water-producing or water-receiving zones and to measure rates of flow between water-bearing fractures. Single-point-resistance and natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, video surveys, and driller's logs, permanent multiple-packer systems were installed in each borehole to obtain depth specific water samples from one or more water-bearing fractures in each borehole. INTRODUCTION The Berkley Products Superfund Site (Berkley Site) covers approximately 21 acres; the landfill area and monitor wells are shown on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Womelsdorf 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map (fig. 1). The Berkley Site was used as a municipal waste dump from approximately 1930 until 1965. In 1965, the Lipton Paint Company, a subsidiary of Berkley Products Company, purchased the property. The operation continued to receive household trash from nearby communities but also began to receive paint wastes from Lipton. The property was purchased by its current owner in September 1970 after it was closed by Lipton. During the period from 1965 to 1970, it is estimated that the Berkley Site may have received anywhere from 650 to about 40,000 gal of paint wastes from the Lipton Paint Company. It is believed that these wastes included pigment sludges and wash solvents (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995). Interviews with former operators and haulers indicate that the municipal trash was dumped to the south of the access road, toward the hillside; the paint wastes were deposited in the northern part of the dump. The Berkley Site was originally investigated by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PaDER) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1984. The Berkley Site was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Results of environmental investigations by PaDER and by USEPA and its consultants indicate that the ground water beneath the Berkley Site is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOC's); concentrations of methylene chloride are as great as 860 mg/L in water samples from on-site monitor wells (U.S. Environmen-


Wireless technology has become more persistent with wide demand of mobile devices such as personal digital assistance, smart phones and laptops. The elliptic curve cryptography(ECC) techniques provide greater security using fewer bits resulting in a protocol which requires low computational and communication overhead, therefore suitable for wireless communication system as well as wireless communication devices smart cards, PDAs and other handheld devices. These systems are prone to eavesdropping due to easy access to free space medium. In such cases, appropriate authenticity and cryptographic procedures need to be adopted for reliable and secure communication. Key agreement protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography suited for wireless network. This paper describes various schemes used for implementation of authenticated key agreement protocol in wireless network.


Trichloroethylene (TCE), a chlorinated organic solvent, is one of the three most common and widespread groundwater contaminants worldwide. Exposure to this contaminant has been linked to liver and kidney toxicity and cancer in humans and animals [1]. The Salicaceae family, which includes poplar and willow trees, has been very successful in phytoremediation efforts involving chlorinated solvents including TCE. Previous phytoremediation studies investigated removal of this contaminant using one or two genotypes, but a screening of a large number of genotypes in this family of plants had not yet been conducted. In this study, nine Populus and twelve Salix varieties were chosen for their previous success in phytoremediation efforts or local native significance, and experiments were conducted to compare toxicity, uptake, and degradation of TCE. Results from the toxicity screening demonstrated that hybrid poplar clones Crandon (Populus alba x grandidentata), Nisqually-1 (P. trichocarpa), D.Pa (P. alba) and willow clone S365 (Salix discolor) had the highest mass gain and best health at the highest TCE concentration. Percent removal of TCE in one week ranged from 19.2 to 44.9 with Crandon, P. deltoides hybrid 91x0403, poplar clone H11-11 (P. trichocarpa x deltoides), Salix sitchensis clone B, and Nisqually-1 all removing more than 40 percent of the TCE from hydroponic solution. In terms of TCE degradation, S. sitchensis clone B, poplar hybrid 91x0403, and hybrid poplar H11-11 had the most TCE metabolite, trichloroethanol, per gram of fresh plant weight, with the best performer, S. sitchensis clone B, having eight times the amount than the lowest genotype tested. These results indicated that there are significant differences in the ability of poplar and willow genotypes to remove and degrade TCE, and that many different genotypes could be successfully utilized for phytoremediation of TCE. This data set could be applied toward choosing the appropriate genotypes for the phytoremediation of TCE in a given location and climate.


Abstract A new experiment in the foundations of quantum mechanics is proposed. The existence of correlated photons -first seen by Wheeler -can be taken as a hint to devise a ''double-wing'' delayed choice experiment in Wheeler's sense. A path choice (polarization choice) measurement made on the one side should then block an interference type measurement made on the other side (''distant choice''). A precondition for the combined measurement to work in theory is that the correlated photons used are of the ''prepolarized'' (Selleri) rather than the ''unpolarized'' (Böhm) type. A first EPR experiment involving prepolarized photons was recently performed by Alley and Shih. It may be used as a partial experiment within the proposed experiment.


This paper presents the results of a survey about the information and service content of New Zealand Council websites. The results of the current survey are evaluated against those of a similar survey conducted in 2009. The results indicate that many councils have made modest improvements to the content of their websites in the last year. Broad multi-keyword search facilities are now provided on 72% of council websites and only 7% have no search facilities whatsoever. Many councils have enhanced site navigation and the descriptions and organisation of council services on their sites. The availability of various kinds of information has been improved on many websites, including individual property rates information on city and district council sites and job vacancy information (predominantly on regional council sites). Around 45% of council websites now support the paying of rates and inputting of consultation submissions online. Some form of council feedback, complaint or fix-o-gram service is provided on about 80% of council websites, although such services occur proportionally less frequently on regional council sites compared to city and district sites. It was also found that 44% of councils responded within an hour to a straightforward email enquiry sent to the general email address on their website. A total of 68% of councils responded within three hours. Regional councils were found to typically respond more slowly than city and district councils, although compared to 2009 response times have improved among both kinds of council.


things (lOT) and discusses in depth the contents ofIOT. Secondly it introduces the system architecture of China Communications Standards Association for lOT and offers the model. It introduces the key technologies in the development of lOT mainly--- wireless sensor network technology, core bearer network communication technology and Intelligent Data Processing. Finally, this article proposes several suggestions to application strategy and design according to the current state of Internet of Things, objects connected with the network, is put forward by the MIT Auto-ID Lab firstly. We can always know the location, status and other information by installing tiny identification device on the objects to realize intelligent management. The meaning of lOT has changed significantly as the technology and application develop. In the new era, lOT means deploying embedded chips and software in the physical world with a certain sense, numeric and implementation capacity, thus become "smart objects". It also achieves information transmission, collaborative and processing through the network, thus realizes interconnection between thing to thing and thing to human. lOT is seen as a major opportunity to develop and change in the field of information, known as the third wave of the world information industry following the computer and the Internet, and many countries are further researching it with high costs now. Currently, lOT stays in the concept and initial development stage, the definitions of lOT is disordered. Some major common problems such as structure, identification codes, security, and standards have not been resolved, even without a consensus among countries. This paper discusses the reality on the basis and issues of lOT on the view of the concept, development, system architecture, key technology and application strategy, hopes to offer some help for further research.


Antarctic macroalgae survive extended periods of darkness followed by rapid and extreme increases in irradiance when sea-ice breaks out in summer. Algae from dark, ice-covered locations had low values of saturating irradiance (Ek: 4–19 µmol photons m−2 s−1), low relative rates of electron transport (rETRmax: 2.0–3.6 µmol electrons m−2 s−1) and high values of effective quantum yield (ΔF/ : 0.52–0.70). Algae from brighter open-water locations had high Ek (13–67), high rETRmax (3.1–22.9) and lower ΔF/ (0.28–0.50). Overall values of ΔF/ and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) were generally higher for ice-covered algae. Photosynthetic pigment, C : N and δ13C varied little with irradiance. Diel photosynthetic changes were measured in situ using a custom-built, multi-channel fluorometer. Under sea-ice, ΔF/ of Iridaea mawsonii increased significantly from 0.54 at midday (∼4 µmol photons m−2 s−1) to 0.64 at midnight, despite the relatively low midday irradiance. ΔF/ of ice-free macroalgae also varied significantly over 24 h and between-sample variation exceeded that of under-ice algae. In vivo comparisons of ETR and oxygen evolution of I. mawsonii, Desmarestia menziesii and Himantothallus grandifolius suggested that over 50% of excitation energy was diverted from linear photosynthetic electron flow at Ek; quenching analysis indicated at least partial diversion to non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). During the increasing irradiance of a rapid light curve, values of photochemical quenching (qP) and NPQ of ice-covered algae changed more rapidly than those of open-water algae. Only ice-free H. grandifolius maintained high qP values when exposed to high actinic irradiances (a capacity apparently induced on sea-ice break out), while both ice-free and ice-covered I. mawsonii maintained high NPQ at low actinic irradiances (apparently a constitutive capacity). These attributes help explain the local distribution of macroalgae in the Antarctic, and show strong linkages with the rapid changes in irradiance during sea-ice break-out events.


Introduction: Considering the significantprofessional role of doctors, Ministry of Health and Medical Education has issued the minimal required capabilities expected from a recently graduated general physician.This study intended to evaluate thecompetencies of medical graduates from Bandar Abbas medical school in 2014.
Methods: This cross-sectional study on medical graduates was conducted in 2014 in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Totally,49 people, who filled out a questionnaire containing 59 items, participated in the study. The items were on the six areas of skills that are approved by the medical education council. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by medical education experts and the reliability was approved using Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.8.
Results: : The greatest mean grade belonged to clinical and communicational skills and the lowest was related to having the ability of using health technology skills.The t-test results indicated that males were more capable in the area of ethics and legal responsibilities(17±0.6), while females were more competent inpromotion and lifelong learning(16.5±0.8).
Conclusion: This was a self-report survey. The highest mean score obtained in thedifferent six areas was 16.2.The other mean grades were even lower in other areas. It seems that a review of educational methods, resources and topics related to teaching-learning is necessary.
Citation:Abedini S, Kamalzade H, Javadi R. A Survey on the of Medical Graduates' Achievements in the Capabilities Approved by the General Medical Education Council of Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Journal of Development Strategies in Medical Education 2018; 5(2): 25-39.


Vegetation monitoring is an important tool in a variety of fields, e.g. precision agriculture and plants' phenotyping. The system design of existing non-invasive ground based systems is usually not open-source. Therefore, these systems cannot be reliably modified and thus are not suitable to advanced applications, such as prototyping of new sensors. This thesis describes the development of a ground based hyperspectral monitoring system for use in plant science and sensor testing. A well-documented and automated working prototype has been developed and initial tests show promising results. Further work in system modularity and redundancy is needed.


THE Ehrlich Ascites Tumour (EAT) is widely used experimentally as a source of material for studies on the nature of the neoplastic cell. For this purpose it is admirably suited. The tumour grows in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse as a free suspension of cells in a clean and usually clear, serous exudate. However, not a great deal is known about the effects of the tumour on the mouse, its host. This study was initiated to try to determine some of these effects and also to throw some light on the cause of death in this disease process. An histological investigation, experiments on the effects of tumour fragments and immunological studies were undertaken for this purpose. Although the disease process was by no means completely clarified certain interesting features were found. For purposes of clarity the report has been divided into three sections.


Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) offers the potential for considerable increase in data transmission rates. However, it also raises a number of issues of theoretical and practical importance. One of these issues is the timing displacement effects due to nonuniform soliton collisions in the presence of amplifiers, which induce permanent frequency and velocity shifts of the solitons [1]. In a previous letter [2] we developed a stochastic analysis of collision-induced timing jitter when amplifiers are present. In this paper we include the effects of filters and dispersion management in the analysis. Given typical values of the system parameters, we are able to calculate explicitly the total root mean square timing jitter, the expected bit error rate and the maximum length of error-free transmission.


Computer-generated graphics can enhance both oral and written presentations. Numerous studies have indicated that participants who view presentations with graphics retain more information than those who view presentations without graphics (Kupsh, 1991). In a study using computer graphics to enhance audio-graphic teleconferences, Smeltzer and Vance found that even poor graphics were better for understanding than no graphics at all (1989). Participants, however, could identify poorly designed computer graphics which did not relate well to the audio message. The study also determined that fewer well-integrated graphics were more effective than too many-even if they were well-designed and well-integrated graphics. Apparently, an overload threshold exists. Industry use of graphics has grown substantially in the last five years. Desktop Presentations, a market research firm based in Mountain View, California, projects that by the end of 1992 the presentation graphics market will have tripled in dollar volume from


A review of conditions necessary for turbine engine icing is presented along with the potential problems caused by engine icing. Methods of protecting the engine against icing are briefly presented and a method of automatic anti-ice operation is proposed.Copyright © 1972 by ASME


The belief that the welfare system (or the welfare state) in Britain is in need of fundamental revisions is held by all major shades of political opinion. The efforts of both the previous Labour and Conservative governments to introduce basic alterations in the system were truncated only by their unexpected defeats in the last two general elections, and the Conservative scheme in particular is likely to be revived as soon as it becomes feasible to do so. Meanwhile, commentators and academics have, depending on their political perspective, bewailed either the laziness of the British worker, or the absence of movement toward social and economic equality, or both. In any case, the link between the supposed inadequacies of British society and the welfare system have been firmly drawn.


This paper examines Pakistani Muslim male violence in the public and private spheres in Bradford, UK. The article also explores the relationship between male violence and ideas of culture and religion. The material used was collected over a 4-year period from students and staff in further and higher education institutions; working women (prostitutes); survivors of domestic violence; police personnel who work with Asian women fleeing domestic violence or forced marriages; and staff of a children's society working with teenage prostitutes. Methodologies included lectures, seminars, focus groups, and interviews. Findings reveal that there is a difference between male and female attitudes towards Islam. Some men are using it to justify violence against women, while women of all ages and backgrounds are using it as a source of strength and to negotiate (with ingenuity and humor) the cultural and religious requirements which men try to impose upon them.


Convolution neural network has become a hot topic in the field of image recognition and speech analysis,and achieved good results in the problem of two-dimensional image processing and classification signal. This paper successfully convolution neural network to solve a one-dimensional ECG-related issue. RR interval is absolutely irregular and P wave disappeared,replaced by a continuous range of f-wave are two important ECG findings during atrial fibrillation. The RR interval irregularities can also reflect among other arrhythmias,while the case of P-wave or f-wave detection weak signal characterized more difficult and elusive shape characteristics. Therefore,this paper presents a method that atrial fibrillation detection based on single heart beat of atrial activity feature and convolution neural network.First of all ECG signals normalized to equal length single heart beat,and then all hearts beat whitening,solving sparse coefficient for each type of heart beat and asking sparse coefficient pooling,finally the use of convolution neural network classification purposes ECG atrial fibrillation detection. Experimental results show that the method of detecting the correct result was 95. 91%,for the detection of atrial fibrillation provides a good choice.


A categorical framework for logical models of functional genetic systems is proposed. The logical models of genetic nets are shown to simulate non-linear systems with n-state components and allow for the generalization of previous logical models of neural nets. An algebraic formulation of variable 'next-state functions' is presented which can be used for the description of developmental processes. 1. Introduction. One of the first successful applications of Logics to Biology is the use of predicate calculus for a dynamical description of activities in neural nets (McCulloch and Pitts, 1943). Subsequently, the calculus of predicates was applied by Nicolas Rashevsky (1965) to more general situations in relational biology. Lofgren (1968) introducod a different kind of logical approach to the problem of self-reproduction. An attempt to provide a characterization of genetic activities in logical terms is presented here. The approach is partially similar to the well known method of McCulloch and Pitts (loc. cir.). The main difference arises from the fact that the genes are here considered to act in a step-wise manner. That is, we assume that there exist n discrete levels of intensity of genetic activity. The "all-or-none" type of activity often considered in connection with genes results as a particular case of our description for n = 2. Our model is a description of genetic activities in terms of n-valued logics. For operational reasons the model is directly formulated in an algebraic form by means of Lukasiewiez algebras. Lukasiewicz algebras were introduced


To use energy generated in wind farms (WFs), which contain uncertainty in their output, as a primary power source in a power system, a sophisticated balancing operation scheme is required. This study focuses on a balancing group (BG) scheme combining WFs and a variable-speed pumped-storage hydro generator (PSHG), which has a large capacity to compensate for the WF output. The proposed BG operational scheduling approach aims to maximize the expected revenue obtained in the day-ahead power market under the uncertainty in WF output and market price by considering the operational constraints of the PSHG, i.e., the water storage capacity and frequency of operation for switching pump-up/-down. In such a BG scheme, it is crucial to consider time-varying and time-dependent uncertainties in WF output to manage PSHG capacity constraints, as well as to derive a reasonable plan in practical computation time. The proposed BG operational scheduling scheme derives a set of WF output scenarios that represents the heterogeneous and time-dependent characteristics of real-world WF output behavior from probability density distributions derived by a cutting-edge prediction approach and implements the expected revenue maximization problem with scenario-based chance constraints of water storage transition by introducing computationally effective iterative optimization algorithm based on surrogate functions. Simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme provides an effective BG operation by considering the uncertainty in the WF output.


Capital structure is a balance between the use of its own capital with the use of debt capital. It means how much equity and how much debt to be used, so as to produce an optimal capital structure. There are many factors that affect the company's capital structure. Therefore the study will examine the influence of asset structure, firm size, and liquidity of the company's capital structure are moderated profitability. The purpose of this study is to investigate and examine the effect of of asset structure, firm size, and liquidity of the company's capital structure are moderated profitability. Number of samples in accordance with criteria specified by 8 auotmotive company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2010 to 2013 periode. The analysis technique which is used to analyze the influence of the variables in this research is the multiple linear regressions analysis, t-test and regressions analysis. The population is the financial statements data of automotive companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2013 periods. The result of research describes that the asset structure ratio, firm size and liquidity have significant influence to the capital structure of the automotive companies and when it is moderated the profitability has significant influence to the capital structure. Keywords: capital structure, asset structure, firm size, liquidity and profitability.


Abstract This paper presents the derivation of the governing equations for the stability of vibration of an integrated system comprising a moving train and the railway track. The train consists of a convoy of articulated two-axle wagons. The equations are applicable to any arbitrary number of axles at arbitrary spacing . Each axle is modelled as a mass–spring–damper vibration unit. The railway track is an infinitely long Euler beam subjected to an axial compressive force and rests on a visco-elastic foundation. The governing equations for the integrated system are coupled differential equations, which can be transformed to algebraic equations by Fourier and Laplace transforms. Subsequent inverse Fourier transform and contour integration yield the instability equation. Critical parameter is identified. It follows by parametric studies on the instability of vibration due to different train configurations. Illustrative examples for trains having up to 20 wagons or 40 axles are given.


This paper discusses the different views regarding the ultimate purposes of Competition Law. After rejecting those approaches arguing that fairness must be given some consideration within competition analysis, as well as those that claim for efficiency as the singular goal of antitrust, the article will ascertain consumer welfare as the main purpose of competition law.Then, it will be the task of the paper to analyze the two main existing approaches to resolve whether a certain conduct harms consumer welfare: The Chicago School approximation, which requires direct evidence of consumer harm, measured in price increases evidence; and the traditional European view, which focuses on the competitive process and the openness of the market.


The Solar System's Debris Disks. Dusty circumstellar debris belts are the signposts of planet formation and evolution [1-3]. In our own solar system, outside the Sun, dust makes up ~50% of the mass of the system, and > 90% of the core material of the planets. The solar system houses two such debris belts, the Main Asteroid Belt (MAB) and the outer Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt (EKB), and at least one debris cloud, the Zodiacal Cloud, sourced by asteroid grinding, surface sputtering, and icy body evaporative sublimation [4].


Stepinonine (1) was chemically converted to O-methylrepandine (2) and O-methyloxyacanthine (3) via N, O-dimethyltetrahydrostepinonine (17) which was subjected to oxidation with Jones' reagent, followed by reduction with Zn-AcOH and NaBH4.


Abstract This paper provides a Ricardian general equilibrium model to study the effect of foreign aid aimed at abating pollution in a small southern recipient economy. The government faces a dynamic problem as it chooses the emission level and abates pollution. The stock of pollution damages consumers and its law of motion is influenced by emission level and the stock of pollution as well as the level of abatement. We show that such type of aid increases emissions, but its effect on pollution stock is ambiguous in the absence of trade. With trade, aid reduces both pollution and emissions given that the recipient country has comparative advantage in the pollution-intensive good. Moreover, such type of aid can be immiserizing with or without trade.


In this paper we use some of the basic concepts and philosophy of classical physics in the study of the geometry of some moduli spaces of representations (modules) of associative algebras. Based on two very simple special cases, essentially the Hilbert scheme of length 2 subschemes of the affine 3-space, we show that it make sense to think of time as a metric on the moduli space. The laws of dynamics of the objects parametrized by the moduli space is then formulated in much the same way as in modern physics.


A catalyst for purifying a gas containing OZONE OR OTHER COMPOUND ODOR IS MADE OF: (A) A composite oxide (A) titanium and (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, ZR YP ; And (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting OXIDE Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Ag and Pt, Pd and rare earth metals.


Using Network Enrollment System, it is necessary for Informative Admission-Management System (IAMS) to fit the development of information technology. In order to devise the improved IAMS, its function is analyzed and the solution of realizing the function is offered generally as well.


The accelerated socio-economic development of the Far East, the active development of its mineral and raw material resources in the 1965-1985 were conditioned by a number of historical peculiarities of the development of the region, which was and continues to be Russia"s Pacific outpost.


The tripeptide derivative (III) obtained from the readily accessible dipeptide derivative (I) and the active ester (II) is transformed to the hydrobromide (IV); subsequent oxidation leads to glutathione-SS (V).


Water resources management must modernize, innovate, and diversify to meet the challenges of tomorrow: reliable water supply sources of acceptable quality, a cost-effective approach to total water management, and balancing competing needs. Innovative technologies, such as aquifer storage and recovery (ASR), are helping water management agencies to meet these challenges and are changing the direction of water management policies. ASR, for example, can significantly improve water system efficiency while reducing capital costs by at least 50 percent more than other options.


High-pressure Diels-Alder reactions of various alkoxy/alkyl-substituted benzylideneacetones with methyl-1,3-butadienes are reported. Activation by high pressure (8-11 kbar) in combination with the mild Lewis acid HfCl(4).2THF allows these reactions to efficiently and regioselectively produce a series of ortho-substituted cyclohexenyl-benzene cycloadducts, that are useful precursors for the expeditious construction of the privileged 6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene skeleton. Application to the synthesis of Delta(8)-trans-THC in both enantiomeric pure forms is based on the successful resolution of selected cycloadduct by the SAMP-hydrazone method.


Post-truth tells the story of a public descending into unreason, aided and abetted by platforms and other data-driven systems. But this apparent collapse of epistemic consensus is, I argue, also dominated by loud and aggressive commitment to the idea of facts and Reason – a site where an imagined modern past is being pillaged for vestigial legitimacy. This article identifies two common practices of such reappropriation and mythologisation. (1) Fact signalling involves performative invocations of facts and Reason, which are then weaponised to discredit communicative rivals and establish affective solidarity. This is often closely tied to (2) fact nostalgia: the cultivation of an imagined past when 'facts were facts' and we, the good liberal subjects, could recognise facts when we saw them. Both tendencies are underwritten by a myth of connection: the still enduring narrative that maximising the circulation of information regardless of provenance or meaning will eventually yield a more rational public – even as data-driven systems tend to undermine the very conditions for such a public. Drawing on examples from YouTube-amplified 'alternative influencers' in the American right, and the normative discourses around fact-checking practices, I argue that this continued reliance on the vestigial authority of the modern past is a pernicious obstacle in normative debates around data-driven publics, keeping us stuck on the same dead-end scripts of heroically suspicious individuals and ignorant, irrational masses.


Metal cyanobridged coordination polymers—or Prussian blue analogues (PBA)—nanoparticles have been synthesized along with a mesostructured MSU-type silica matrix. This synthesis was applied to several M(II)3[M′(III)(CN)6]2, (M = Co, Ni, Fe; M′ = Co, Fe) and a homogeneous distribution of PBA nanometric particles was obtained, even at high concentration (>20 wt %) within a silica matrix that exhibits long-range order as the result of the concomitant increase in concentration of nonionic surfactants templates during the synthesis. The same magnetic behavior as observed for bulk materials was observed with the magnetic PBA nanoparticles and thermal treatment under different atmospheres leads to the formation of bimetallic oxides or alloys, which display magnetic properties.


We present the results of a series of machine learning experiments aimed at exploring the differences and similarities in the production of turn-taking cues in American English and Argentine Spanish. An analysis of prosodic features automatically extracted from 21 dyadic conversations (12 En, 9 Sp) revealed that, when signaling Holds, speakers of both languages tend to use roughly the same combination of cues, characterized by a sustained final intonation, a shorter duration of turn-final interpausal units, and a distinct voice quality. However, in speech preceding Smooth Switches or Backchannels, we observe the existence of the same set of prosodic turn-taking cues in both languages, although the ways in which these cues are combined together to form complex signals differ. Still, we find that these differences do not degrade below chance the performance of cross-linguistic systems for automatically detecting turn-taking signals. These results are relevant to the construction of multilingual spoken dialogue systems, which need to adapt not only their ASR modules but also the way prosodic turn-taking cues are synthesized and recognized.


Star-shaped polylactide was synthesized by means of melt polycondensation,with L-lactic acid (LLA) as raw material,pentaerythritol (PET) as branched agent,SnCl_2 and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA) as catalysts.The effects of the contents of branched agent and catalysts,as well as the effects of polymerization tem- perature and time,on the intrinsic viscosity of the star-shaped polylactide were studied.Star-shaped polylactide with the highest intrinsic viscosity of 0.634dL/g was produced by polymerized at 180℃and 1 .5kPa for 12h By the multiplex catalysis of 0.5wt% SnCl_2 and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TSA) when the molar ratio of LLA/PET was 1500.The weight-average molecular weight,mean-square radius of gyration and intrinsic viscosity [η] of the polylactide were measured by means of Gel Permeation Chromatography/Eighteen-angle Laser Scattering and viscom- etry,and the branched structure of the polymer was confirmed.The thermal properties of the star-shaped polylac- tide were studied also by means of DSC and TG.


Objective To investigate the incidence of childhood sexual abuse(CSA) among female students in high vocational college and to explore the impacts of sexual abuse on their mental health.Methods A self-administered questionnaire and SCL-90 were used to survey CSA among 701 female students in a vocational college.Results Among the students surveyed,there were 155(22.11%) reported having experienced CSA before the age of 18,98(13.98%) experienced once and 57(8.13%) experienced more than twice.75(10.70%) experienced abuse of non-physical contact,and 80((11.41%)) experienced abuse of physical contact.26(3.71%) experienced attempted intercourse and 8(1.14%) experienced completed intercourse.A total of 117(16.69%) students had experienced sexual abuse before the age of 16 years old.Compared with no history of CSA,the victims had higher score in SCL-90.The difference had a remarkable significance.Conclusion Girls' sexual abuse should be paid attention to.CSA in girls has a negative influence on mental health of the victim.


To systematically review findings of the impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on mothers' psychological well‐being, roles, and identity and to explore the psychosocial factors that contribute to mothers' psychological well‐being.


We present simulation results of γ + Jet analysis using CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) Object-Oriented software at the LHC center of mass energy (√ s=14 TeV). The study of direct photon production helps in validating the perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) and constraining the gluon distribution of nucleons. Direct photon processes also represent a major contribution in estimating background to other Standard Model (SM) processes and signals of new physics. Thus these processes need to be understood precisely in the new energy regime mentioned above. In this work, we have done a detailed study of the complete GEANT4 simulated events of γ + jet generated with Pythia and the related background processes at √ s=14 TeV. Isolation cuts have been defined for the direct photon which improves the signal to background ratio by ∼ 25% as compared to previous studies done in CMS. The inclusion of a ∆φ cut at 40 0 in the analysis leads to a further increase of ∼ 15 − 17%, thus giving an overall gain of ∼ 42% in S/B ratio.


The influence of long-period line-edge roughness (LER) on measured critical dimension (CD) is identified, and a guideline is proposed for CD measurement which is free from LER impact. The width of a line pattern measured by critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) is a local CD, which deviates from the averaged CD due to long-period LER. This LER impact on the CD measurement is investigated in two typical measurements of CD-SEM, namely, the evaluation of across-wafer CD variation and the dynamic repeatability of the equipment. It is shown that both results strongly depend upon the height of the inspection area along the pattern edge (L) due to long-period LER. To obtain an accurate CD, this LER impact on variation in measured CD should be reduced sufficiently. It is found that a large L can reduce LER impact, and a 2-µm-high inspection area is recommended for CD measurement. Furthermore, the validity and limitation of the "patchwork method", in which plural inspection areas are connected to obtain one large area, are examined.


Johann Sebastian Bach's Six Suites for Solo Cello is one of the most important works for violoncello.However,it has a rough destiny,because of the evolution of sponsorship and conception of music aesthetic and the development of music instrument formation and performance technology.The study of western music history should be based on the understanding of the historical quality by researching the historical structure in the composition.


This report presents results of classroom observations of kindergarten and first grade teachers. Nine full days of observations were completed with each of the teachers for 2 consecutive school years. Results are presented in terms of kindergarten teachers' time allocated to reading and to all instruction as well as their frequency of instructional interactions during reading instruction and while reading stories to their lasses. AM to PM rnsults are compared for teachers teaching half-day classes. In addition, year to year comparisons are presented for teachers of half-day and full-day kindergarten classes as well as for first grade teachers' time allocated to reading and all instruction, and for tstructional interactions. Correlations for kindergarten and first grade teachers for AM/PM and year to year frequencies of decoding interactions were all above .88 and significant above .001 level. Discussion focuses upon the greater likelihood of stability for half-day kindergarten teachers than for first grade teachers, the difference in these results in comparison to findings by other researchers that suggest that teachers' behaviors lack stability, and possible explanations for why some teachers may be somewhat less stable than their peers. Meyer, Hastings, & Linn Teacher Stability Revisited 2 TEACHER STABILITY REVISITED: HOW CONSISTENT ARE TEACHERS FROM MORNING TO AFTERNOON AND FROM YEAR TO YEAR? Classroom observations have a long tradition in the field of education. For as long as researchers have been interested in finding out if some teachers are more effective than others, they have also been interested in how teachers deliver instruction. Yet the question of how stable teachers are from one year to the next is but a footnote in the literature on teaching, a question that few researchers have explored. When the question of teachers' stability from one group of students to another or one year to another has been addressed, the concensus of that work is that teachers are generally unstable. For example, when reviewing studies of classroom instruction that identified significant differences among teachers in several areas, Rosenshine (1970) stated, "I conclude that such results occurred because there was greater variation in student or teacher behavior within these curricula than among the curricula" (p. 289). Shavelson and Dempsey-Atwood (1976) later stated that, "measures of teacher behavior may be too unstable to yield consistent relationships with student outcomes" (Shavelson & Dempsey-Atwood, 1976, p. 544). Doyle (1977) declared, "if there is wide variability in either the behavior of teachers or the instruments used to measure that behavior, then estimates of processproduct relationships euo precarious at best" (p. 169). Borich (1977) concluded, "The results of these studies suggest that teacher behavior may be unstable across long periods of time and content" (p. 300). Darling-Hammond, Wise, and Pease (1983) more recently concluded after summarizing research on teacher stability, "The bottom line question is, Does a given teacher exhibit the same kinds of behavior at different points in time and within different teaching contexts? In general, the answer is 'no', especially with regard to measures of specific, discrete teaching behaviors" (p. 299). Despite these strong claims, Brophy (1972) found teachers to achieve reasonably stable results with different classes from one year to the next. This was a study of second grade teachers' classes' performances on the Metropolitan Achievement Test. Gall and Gersten (1987) are finding similar results in their observations of algebra teachers. In this paper we will illustrate ho w similar groups of kindergarten and first grade teachers from three school districts are on substantially different measures of teaching, time spent and frequency of interactions during reading, mg reading, and all instruction. These data were collected during wholeday classroom observations as part of a longitudinal study in progress (Meyer, inn, & Hastings, 1985). This program of research began during the 1983-1984 school year in three school districts in Illinois. Approximately 650 children in two cohorts with about 40 teachers per year participate in this work. The current research design includes following each cohort from kindergarten through at least sixth grade. Methodology Classroom observations are an integral part of the data collection efforts on this longitudinal study. Each teacher at appropriate grade levels in three schools for each cohort participates. Nine full-day observations were completed for each kindergarten and each first grade teacher in the three school districts. Interrater reliability has consistently been above .85. The classroom observation process is described at length elsewhere (Meyer, Linn, Mayberry, & Hastings, 1985) and will therefore be described only briefly here. A team of up to 12 persons complete observations each school year. Each observer tape records all instructional activities during the school day while making a hand-written transcript of the actual observations. The goal for these observations is to record the amount of time teachers allocate to each activity, the content of each instructional interaction, to whom the teacher delivers instruction (individual student, small group, or the entire class), feedback to each response if any occurs, behavior Meyer, Hastings, & Linn Teacher Stability Revisited 3 management frequencies, praise or corrective statements, delivered to individuals or groups of students, and scores of student work samples. Observers use the tape-recorded segments of instruction as back-ups for their written transcripts. They complete coding their observations within a few days of the actual observation. A list of activity codes, interaction and feedback codes appear as Figure 1. Each interaction category can be analyzed separately or grouped with others that arc similar. [Insert Figure 1 about here.] The context of this study offers a unique opportunity to address the question of teachers' stability. All but three of the 14 kindergarten classes for Cohort 1, and 13 of the classes for Cohort 2 were half-day classes. The remaining three classes in each cohort were whole-day classes. Therefore, these 25 halfday classes were each observed mornings and afternoons as each constituted a "full day" for those students nine times each year for 2 years. Therefore, there were actually 36 observations of the halfday kindergarten teachers over 2 years. There were 18 full-day observations of the whole-day kindergarten and first grade teachers. Results will be presented for teachers' time allocations to reading instruction, all instruction, and story reading. The frequency of decoding, scriptal, text-tied, and story grammar interactions during reading instruction and story reading will also be reported for comparing morning and afternoon classes and resultsof Cohort 1 with Cohort 2. Results Kindergarten Time Allocated to Reading and All Instruction Time. Results will be presented separately for kindergarten and first grade teachers by district. Table 1 shows kindergarten teachers' average time allocated to reading instruction and all instruction. The number of classes represented here is 27 for two cohorts of kindergarten children. Generally, within district teacher instruction is more similar than instruction between districts. District A teachers allocate from 26.40 minutes a day for reading instruction whereas District B teachers average between 0 and 15 minutes a day. District C teachers allocate between 3 and 7 minutes daily to reading. Similar differences exist between districts for all instruction except that District C teachers, who teach wholeday classes, average more minutes of total instruction each day than teachers in either District A or District B, who teach half-day classes. These means and standard deviations are averages from 9 full days of observation from late September through April of each school year. All time is reported in minutes. District A and B teachers have 150 minutes a day allocated to them for their total school day. District A teachers allocate a greater proportion of their 150 possible minutes to reading and all other instruction than do teachers from either District B or District C. These findings are consistent from teacher to teacher and cohort to cohort despite the fact that District C teachers have school days 300 minutes long. All teachers are even fairly consistent in the amount of time they allocate to reading from one cohort to the next, thereby suggesting substantial stability for their minutes spent in reading instruction for 2 consecutive school years as well as from morning to afternoon classes for the half-day teachers. These teachers would rank in exactly the same positions 100% of the time for time spent in reading instruction and over 75% of the time for minutes in all instruction. The somewhat large standard deviations illustrate variability between rounds for the nine observations each year. The means for the nine rounds are quite similar for morning and afternoon classes and for Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 class comparisons. Round to round comparisons reveal systematic variations as will be illustrated in the figures that follow. [Insert Table 1 about here.] Meyer, Hastings, & Linn Teacher Stability Revisited 4 Figure 2 shows a graph of a teacher selected randomly (District B, Teacher 1) with morning and afternoon classes with two cohorts of students. This figure shows great consistency in the time this teacher allocated to reading and all instruction for 2 consecutive school years. [Insert Figure 2 about here.] Figure 3 shows average minutes spent in reading instruction for all kindergarten teachers with two cohorts of students. This figure illustrates the similarity of teachers within districts in terms of the amount of time spent in reading instruction as well as the differences betwe


Nowadays many modern production machines require positioning in thousandths of millimeter. Therefore a big attention must be paid to prepare such a controlling software that drives individual axes of the production machine which minimises deviations between the desired position and actually reached position. The so called positional deviation (difference between the actual and target position) belongs to the important criteria that describe the performance of numerically controlled axes. The procedure for determination of such deviation is described in the international standard ISO 230-2:1997. This standard provides calculation of the positional deviation only in several discrete (measuring) points. Moreover it does not consider effects of the measuring instrument on the obtained results. Thus the new methodology must be adopted that enables estimation of the positional deviation in any point of the axis travel, together with the uncertainty of such estimate. Obtained results can be incorporated into a control system in the form of corrections enhancing positioning possibilities of individual axes.


In this paper, we establish linear enhanced dissipation results for the three-dimensional Boussinesq equations around a stably stratified Couette flow, in the viscous and thermally diffusive setting. The dissipation rates are faster compared to those observed in the homogeneous Navier-Stokes equations, in light of the interplay between velocity and temperature, driven by buoyant forces. Our approach involves introducing a change of variables grounded in a Fourier space symmetrization framework. This change elucidates the energy structure inherent in the system. Specifically, we handle non-streaks modes through an augmented energy functional, while streaks modes are amenable to explicit solutions. This explicit treatment reveals the oscillatory nature of shear modes, providing the elimination of the well-known three-dimensional instability mechanism known as the ``lift-up effect''.


This article argues for the culturally productive power of imperial rule by exploring how missionary projects in Russia constituted new understandings of ethnic particularity among one group of imperial subjects—baptized Tatars, or Kräshens.<+>3 I demonstrate that while many Tatars who had been formally baptized into Christianity sought to rejoin the Tatar Islamic community over the course of the nineteenth century, a perhaps larger group, slowly abandoning the complex of Muslim and indigenous Turkic ("pagan") practices that conditioned their subordination to the church's spiritual authority, constructed an indigenous Orthodox Christian identity. Subsequently, and particularly in the early Soviet years, at least some Kräshen activists sought to transcend the predominantly confessional foundations for this identity and began to contend that Kräshens constituted a secular nation altogether distinct from Tatars. In short, this study considers the (incomplete) transformation of a community that had been defined in religious terms, largely through the intervention of imperial Russian authority, into a self-conscious political and cultural community.The small number of Soviet studies on Kräshens, concerned principally with linguistics and material culture, have made little effort to trace the development of this identity, especially in its politicized forms. See Iu. G. Mukhametshin, Tatary-kriasheny: Istoriko-etnograficheskoe issledovanie material'noi kul'tury, seredina XX–nachalo XX v. (Moscow: Nauka, 1977); F. S. Baiazitova, Govory Tatar-kriashen v sravnitel'nom osveshchenii (Moscow: Nauka, 1986); and idem, Keräshennär: Tel üzenchëlekläre häm iola ijaty (Kazan: "Matbugat Iorty" Näshriiaty, 1997).