Increasing numbers of visitors are seeking out culinary experiences when travelling overseas. Food can enhance the destination experience, giving physiological sustenance and providing opportunities to learn about destination cultures through direct encounters with local cuisines. However, engaging with novel local food might arouse certain visitor expectations, particularly among those who have not visited previously. This study aimed to identify international visitor preconceptions of local Indonesian food and the underlying factors influencing expectations prior to their in-country experi- ence of dining on local food. A questionnaire-based survey that was administered to 349 interna- tional visitors identified seven factors underlying their expectations: staff quality, sensory attributes, food uniqueness, local servicescapes, food authenticity, food familiarity, and food variety. A number of significantly different dining expectations were also highlighted between first-time and repeat visitors.


We present a system for performing arbitrary sequences of filesystem operations and provably detecting any violation of serializable isolation semantics, i.e. any interleaving of attacker and defender actions is equivalent to a non-interleaved sequence of attacker and defender actions. Thus, our system provides a provably secure defense against all UNIX file-name race conditions, including the infamous access/open race. Our solution operates entirely in user-space and is portable to any POSIX.1-2008 system, making it usable today. Developers can adopt our solution selectively, using it for security-critical code and using the standard POSIX interface for non-security-critical parts of their programs. Furthermore, the proofs of correctness suggest several simple improvements to the POSIX standard.


. With the development of space exploration, the need for more advanced propulsion systems for spacecraft is growing. Electric propulsion systems (EPS) are the most promising for orientation and correction systems. The Hall effect thruster (stationary plasma thruster in Ukrainian and Russian literature) (HET) is one of the most efficient and promising EPS thrusters. The cathode neutralizer (cathode compensator in Ukrainian and Russian literature, hereinafter referred to as the cathode) is one of the main elements of the HET. The resource and stability of the HET operation depend on the cathode. Previously, they were limited to studying the operation of the cathode in several modes. This made it possible to find the best mode of operation. Testing more modes will make it possible to predict the nature of the HET operation with this cathode. Also, similar gas-discharge cathodes are used in thrusters with anode layer, for ion thrusters and as sources


Solid-state lighting (SSL) using high brightness light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) is the emerging trend for general lighting applications. It is expected a substantial portion of conventional incandescent and fluorescent lighting will be replaced by SSL in the next 5-10 years. There are two major factors controlling the propagation of HB-LEDs for SSL applications. One is the optoelectronic efficiency and the other is the cost. Both factors are closely related to the packaging of LEDs. Currently most LEDs are packaged on an individual component basis. Such a component level packaging process has relatively low throughput. Consequently it is more difficult to implement automation for large scale mass production, which is a critical element for low cost manufacturing. Therefore, a more efficient packaging process is in demand in the LED industry. In the present study, a wafer level encapsulation process for LED array packaging is developed. The silicon wafer is pre-fabricated with a pattern of grooves which serve as stoppers for epoxy flow in the subsequent encapsulation process. Epoxy encapsulant is dispensed from a syringe onto the wafer, and then is cured by UV light to complete the encapsulation process. This process can be easily automated and, hence, may increase the production throughput and reduce the manufacturing cost of LED packaging. In order to optimize the quality of this newly developed encapsulation process, there are several design and processing considerations to be investigated. These include the volume of encapsulant, the geometry of grooves, and some epoxy dispensing and curing parameters. A prototype with encapsulated LED arrays on a silicon wafer will be illustrated. Detailed discussion on those critical processing parameters will be given.


Most secure web sites use the SSL/TLS protocol for server authentication. SSL/TLS supports mutual authentication, i.e. both server and client authentication. However, this optional feature of SSL/TLS is not used by most web sites because not every client has a certified public key. Instead user authentication is typically achieved by sending a password to the server after the establishment of an SSL-protected channel. Certain attacks rely on this fact, such as web spoofing and phishing attacks. In this paper the issue of online user authentication is discussed, and a method for online user authentication using trusted computing platforms is proposed. The proposed approach makes a class of phishing attacks ineffective; moreover, the proposed method can also be used to protect against other online attacks.


I shall try to shed some light on the elusive concept of different fictional levels. Since I take it to shape our understanding of what is often called "fictional universes", every philosophical theory about fiction (and fictional universes or worlds) should make room for a hierarchy of different fictional levels. I will suggest that making sense of fictional levels imposes certain constraints on modal theories of fiction, i.e. theories that identify fictional worlds with possible worlds. I will point in the direction of a strategy that would allow such theories to account for the phenomenon.


In this paper, some relevant information will be given, accordingly to the aimed problem: how to reliable acquire and numerically integrate noised contents of vector gradient field. In problems of visual inspection of very textured surfaces a multiimage approach has been chosen, as a valid proposition for contactless examination of the surfaces characterised by both occurrence of complex topographic features on them, and complex reflectance-borne properties.


An essential component of most types of lasers is an optical resonator. This is needed in order to have states of the electromagnetic (EM) field which are approximate eigenstates, where the field intensity can be built up to large values as a result of many stimulated, and therefore coherent, emissions of photons. Usually, these resonators are macroscopic in size and are constructed using good mirrors for reflecting EM waves. In recent years, the phenomenon of " random lasing " was discovered and studied [1–3]. This phenomenon is due to the occurrence of small optical resonances in a collection of transparent dielectric grains. Even in this case, the resonators and resonance states cannot be smaller than the wavelength of light. This places a seemingly strong lower bound on how small a laser can be. Naturally, this lower bound is even greater in the case of infrared lasers than in the case of visible light lasers. We now argue that it should actually be possible to overcome this apparent limitation and build a nanometer sized laser where a strong coherent EM field can be built up, and eventually radiated, whose frequency is in the infrared or visible region of the optical spectrum. The basic premise upon which our argument is based is that in heterogeneous media there exist quasi-static resonances of the EM field whose spatial small-ness is almost unlimited. These resonances are eigenso-lutions of Maxwell's equations in the static or quasi-static regime. Such an eigenstate is represented by an electric potential field φ (r) that satisfies the equation and vanishes over the entire external surface or boundary of the system. Here, is the electric permittivity, which in the general case is a position-dependent second rank tensor with components that are complex and frequency-dependent. The simplest case of such quasi-static eigenstates occurs in a macroscopically heterogeneous mixture of two separately uniform constituents with scalar permit-tivities ε 1 , ε 2. In such a composite medium, there exists — ε ˆ —φ ⋅ ⋅ 0 = ε ˆ an infinite set of resonances or eigenstates; these are characterized by special negative values of the ratio ε 1 / ε 2 or by special values of the related materials parameter s ≡ ε 2 /(ε 2 – ε 1) which lie on the real, semi-closed segment [0, 1) of the real axis [4–6]. Of course, no real composite medium can ever be found in …


A microelectronic device, designed from multiple structured thin films of different materials deposited on each other, can have a very complex shape. Such a structure can show relatively high residual stresses, which lead to malfunctions and a decrease in lifetime of the device. In this paper a numerical method relying on an inverse optimization algorithm and a finite element (FE) simulation for calculating these stresses is introduced. The evaluation of the residual stress distribution makes use of the so-called ion beam layer removal (ILR) method, where layers of material are removed from a specific region of a micro-cantilever. As a result it is shown that a thin film of material, deposited on a substrate, is occupied by evolving residual stresses through the layer thickness. The calculations and analysis are done automatically using an in-house developed graphical user interface (GUI).


The purpose is to study children's participation in two different circle times. The theoretical starting points consist of the socio-cultural theory and the developmental pedagogy theory. Developmental pedagogy emerged from empirical studies where there was a dynamic interplay and close cooperation between children, teachers and researchers. Data collection methods are: video recording/observation using a digital video camera and interviews with children in the form of talk about questions based on the videotaped circle time context. What are the differences between the two circle times? The study shows that children were participation to varying degree in circle activities. In circle 1 the theme was not problematized and the children did not understand the aim of the task. The children were less participation in the activity. In circle time 2 pre-school teachers try to take the content and theme a step further and arouse the children's interest. The children were participation in the activity and the theme could also further develop. Circle time 2 shows that it is possible to turn the child's spontaneous questions, play, and imagination into a learning opportunity and involve the children in the activity. This was not seen in circle time 1. Play and learning activities constitute an educational model for work in preschool classes and the circle times. In practice, the good preschool teacher with knowledge of learning plays an important role in the preschool class in promoting children's learning and development in a pleasurable way.


OBJECTIVE
To built an analytical methods to test Astragaloside NV in health food.

METHODS
The reaction conditions of ultrasonic extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, macroporousresin column chromatography, solid-phase extraction, derivatization and HPLC method were analyzed.

RESULTS
The sample preparations were set up as followed: The samples were extracted with methanol. The extraction solutions were liquid-liquid extracted by ether, water-saturation n-butyl alcohol and 1% KOH. The extraction solutions were further purified by DM-301 macroporousresin column chromatography and Oasis HLB 3cc extraction catridge in turn. The purified solutions were derived with chloroform and benzoyl chloride. The linear ranges were 3.84 - 153.60 microg/ml. The detection limits were 2.13 microg/ml. The recoveries were 74.85% - 91.83%.

CONCLUSION
The method was applied to detect the concentration of Astragaloside IV in health food. It was enough to wipe out impurity of samples. Detection limit and recycle ratio were satisfied.


OVER THE PAST TEN YEARS, political and military relations between New Zealand and the United States have been ruptured over the issue of nuclear-armed ship visits and, more generally, as in the case of nuclearpowered ships, over the issue of nuclear power itself. Little progress had been made in resolving the outstanding political-military issues between the two countries or restoring the functioning of the ANZUS (AustraliaNew Zealand-United States) defense pact. In 1994 and early 1995, however, the Clinton administration took some steps to begin to heal this relationship. In doing so, the Clinton administration seems to be pursuing a dual track policy of closer political cooperation between the two countries, even as the security relationship remains fissured. Such a policy may well assist in stabilizing the Asia-Pacific region and is not necessarily a dramatic departure from that pursued by the U.S. in another area of the world: The United States has long tolerated a dual track policy toward France, with that country retaining its membership in NATO even as it refused to participate in the nuclear (and conventional) planning activities of the alliance. The recent American foreign policy initiative toward New Zealand may be maintained and expanded with continued efforts on both sides and, arguably, at relatively low costs: Each side would enhance its international standing by continuing to undertake measures to resolve this festering issue. While the National government in New Zealand took several actions seemingly to prod the United States toward accommodation from 1990 onward, the Clinton administration then made the key policy changes in 1994 and early 1995 to advance the process. With Republican majorities in Congress skeptical about America's global role and with a


The regulation of healthcare support workers should be left to employers, according to Harry Cayton, chief executive of the Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence (CHRE).


A reduced-dimensional (RD) ESPRIT algorithm is proposed to reduce the dimension of the received data and to estimate the DOAs of multiple targets for arbitrary MIMO radar linear array configuration. It exploits the rotational invariance property of the RD virtual array and has much lower computational complexity than the methods of the same kind.


AB BACKGROUND. Secondary lymphedema of the arm is a relatively common complication after breast cancer surgery. Although complex decongestive therapy is considered the "golden standard", there is still a controversy as to whether adding pressotherapy is of any value. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) against complex decongestive therapy combined with a pressotherapy on functional status, pain, and quality of life in patients with secondary lymphedema of the arm after breast cancer treatment. METHODS. In this prospective, randomized, parallel, nonblind study, we recruited 108 women, mean age 56.8±8.5 years, with secondary arm lymphedema who completed breast cancer surgery 57.4±46.2 months earlier. They were randomly assigned to a CDT group (control) or CDT+pressotherapy group (experimental). The CDT protocol consisted of skin care, manual lymphatic drainage, short stretch multi-layer compression bandages, and exercises provided by therapists. In addition to that, the experimental group received pressotherapy (intermittent pneumatic compression) for 30 minutes per day at a pressure of 40 mmHg. The treatments were administered once a day, five days a week, for 3 weeks. The subjects were instructed to continue administering the skin care, manual lymphatic drainage, compression sleeve and exercises on their own for 3 months after the end of treatment.


Networks must be resilient to challenges such as malicious attacks or network overload and adapt their operation in an autonomous manner. Network simulations enable the testing of complex network scenarios (which would be difficult to emulate using actual hardware) in an inexpensive manner. However, it is difficult to evaluate resilience strategies that involve the interplay between a number of detection and remediation mechanisms that must be activated on demand according to events observed in the network (as opposed to hardcoded protocols). In this paper we propose the notion of a policy-based resilience simulator based on the integration of a network simulator and a policy management framework. This permits the evaluation of resilience strategies consisting of mechanisms whose behaviour can be adapted during runtime -- e.g. setting flags, dropping connections, triggering or stopping monitoring sessions, etc. We employ policies to specify the required adaptations, which are de-coupled from the hard-wired implementations of the simulated components, according to conditions observed during run-time in the simulation. We can thus observe how real policies affect the operation and the behaviour of simulated components, and then evaluate the effectiveness of resilience strategies before they are deployed in the network infrastructure.


Objective: To understand the clinical presentation of severe laryngomalacia and its surgical management. Study Design: A prospective descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care centre over a period of 5 years (Jan 2012 to December 2016). Materials and Method: A total of ten patients who underwent surgical treatment for severe laryngomalacia at Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health were included in the study. Their demographic profile, presenting complaints, surgical interventions, complications of the procedure and treatment outcomes were evaluated. They were followed up for a period of one year postoperatively. Results: A favorable outcome was seen in eight out of the ten patients who underwent aryepiglottoplasty with glossoepiglottopexy. Two patients required surgical reintervention. Conclusion: Aryepiglottoplasty with glossoepiglottopexy is a simple, safe procedure with a favorable outcome in 80% of patients.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the immune regulatory effect of compound ginsenoside capsules.METHODS To detect the concentration of serum hemolysin、IL-2、IFN-γ.RESULTS compound ginsenoside capsules enhanced levels of serum hemolysin、IL-2、IFN-γ.CONCLUSION Compound Ginsenoside capsules can improve the immune function.


L2 reading attitude has been the subject of more recent studies in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), and many have attempted to define this construct and find its correlates such as gender and L1 and L2 proficiency level. This study builds on the previous studies and aims at highlighting the connection between L2 and L1 reading attitudes and the degree L2 reading attitude contributes to L2 reading achievement in Iranian EFL context. Participants of the study included 230 male and female Iranian language learners roughly at intermediate level of English reading proficiency. L2 and L1 reading attitudes were measured using reading attitude questionnaires, and data were analyzed by employing descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. Results showed that L1 and L2 reading attitudes were highly correlated (r = .71); L1 reading attitude significantly explained 51% of the variance in L2 reading attitude, but between the L1 and L2 reading attitudes, only L2 reading attitude made unique significant contribution to L2 reading achievement. Findings suggest the importance of developing positive attitude among L2 learners generally and L2 readers particularly.


The most common type of ureterocele in infants and children is an intravesical and intraurethral protrusion of a dilated ureter which passes submucosally in the vesical wall before ending ectopically in the urethra. Termed an ectopic ureterocele, it differs significantly in pathologic anatomy from the better known simple ureterocele. The latter characteristically occurs in the adult and consists of an intravesical cystic expansion of a ureter immediately proximal to its opening in the urinary bladder. In general, ectopic ureteroceles are much larger than simple ureteroceles, have a different location within the bladder, cause more severe symptoms, and have a less favorable prognosis. Since most of them produce a recognizable pattern on excretory urography, it is important that both the radiologist and the urologist be familiar with their pathologic anatomy. To Ericsson (1954) belongs the credit for first drawing attention to the pathologic anatomy and frequency of ectopic ureteroceles (1), although he was...


We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a Toeplitz flow to be strictly ergodic. Next we show that the regularity of a Toeplitz flow is not a topological invariant and define the "eventual regularity" as a sequence; its behavior at infinity is topologicaly invariant. A relation between regularity and topological entropy is given. Finally, we construct strictly ergodic Toeplitz flows with "good"cyclic approximation and non-discrete spectrum. Introduction. Let A be a finite set of at least two elements. Denote by A the set of finite sequences, or words, over set A. It has a semigroup structure for the concatenation of words; if w ∈ A, let |w| denote its length. Endowing A with the discrete topology, the set Ω = A is a compact metrizable space with the product topology. If u ∈ Ω, n ∈ Z and p ≥ 1, then let u[n, n+ p) = u(n)u(n+ 1) . . . u(n+ p− 1) denote the word of length p appearing in u at position n. According to [Ja-Ke], an element η ∈ Ω is called a Toeplitz sequence if it is not a periodic sequence and satisfies the following condition (∀n ∈ Z) (∃p ≥ 2) (∀k ∈ Z) η(n+ kp) = η(n). Define the shift transformation S : Ω → Ω by Su(n) = u(n+ 1). To u ∈ Ω we first associate its orbit O(u) = {Su : n ∈ Z} then the orbit closure Ō(u) for the product topology. Now a Toeplitz flow is a pair (Ō(η), S) where η ∈ Ω is a Toeplitz sequence. Every Toeplitz flow is minimal; if it admits only one shift-invariant probability measure, we say it is strictly ergodic. We refer to [Wi] for further notation on Toeplitz flows. The aim of the present paper is to continue the investigation of Toeplitz flows from three points of view: strict ergodicity, degree of non-regularity, and cyclic approximation with spectral implications. The paper is organized as follows. In Section 1 we state in Theorem 1.1 a necessary and sufficient condition for a Toeplitz flow to be strictly ergodic. In Section 2 we study the regularity d(η) of a Toeplitz flow (Ō(η), S). We show in Example 2.2 that, perhaps surprisingly, d(η) is not a topological invariant. A strong version of this is Example 2.3. We propose a notion of eventual regularity (Definition 2.1) which, using [Do-Kw-La], turns 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 28D05, 54H20. ∗ Research supported by KBN grant PB 666/2/91. The author acknowledges the hospitality of the Mathematics Department of Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, where the first draft of this paper was written. ∗∗ Research partially supported by the Institut für Mathematik, Bern Universität. 1 2 NON REGULAR TOEPLITZ FLOWS out to be "eventually invariant" for topological isomorphisms of Toeplitz flows (Proposition 2.1). It is shown that a Toeplitz flow with positive topological entropy has its eventual regularity (.η) tending to zero (Corollary 2.1). In Section 3 we construct Toeplitz flows as group extensions over their maximal equicontinuous factor, inspired by constructions from [Wi], and obtain such flows having good cyclic approximations. In our construction the only eigenvalues are those located on the maximal equicontinuous factor and the spectrum is partly continuous (Theorem 3.1). 1. Strict ergodicity. Let ∞ / ∈ A be an additional symbol, referred to as a hole. Let Ā = A ∪ {∞}, and Ω̄ = Ā. Given B ∈ Ā define the periodic sequence B by letting B(n) = B(m) whenever n ≡ m mod (|B|). Then a Toeplitz sequence η ∈ Ω can always be expressed as limnB ∞ n in Ω̄ where Bn ∈ Ā , |Bn| = pn, the sequence pn is increasing, and the following conditions are satisfied: (1) pn ≥ 2, pn|pn+1, (2) Bn+1(j) = Bn(i) whenever j ≡ i mod (pn) and Bn(i) 6= ∞, (3) pn is the least period of B ∞ n . The sequence p1, p2, . . . is a period structure of the Toeplitz sequence η (in the sense of [Wi]). As in [La1] and [Do-Kw-La], we define t-symbols of η. For any t ≥ 1, Wt(η) = {η[kpt, (k + 1)pt) : k ∈ Z} will denote the set of t-symbols. Now let Gη = lim ← Zpn be the compact monothetic group of the (pn)-adic integers (see [HeRo]). The elements of Gη are represented as sequences g = (gn) ∈ ∏ ∞ n=1{0, . . . , pn − 1} such that gn+1 ≡ gn mod (pn). The element 1̂ = (1, 1, . . . , 1, . . . ) is a topological generator. We let τ1̂(g) = g + 1̂, g ∈ Gη. From [Wi], we know that for any ω ∈ Ō(η), there exists a unique g(ω) = (gn(ω)) ∈ Gη such that for any n ≥ 1, k ∈ Z, we have ω[−gn(ω)+kpn,−gn(ω)+(k+1)pn) ∈ Wn(η). Thus ω is a biinfinite concatenation of n-symbols at special places. We also know that the map π : Ō(η) → Gη defined by π(ω) = g(ω) is onto, continuous, and π ◦ S = τ1̂ ◦ π. This defines the maximal equicontinuous factor of the flow (Ō(η), S). Now we take the set of t-symbols of η as an alphabet Σt = Wt(η). Let η (t) be a bi-infinite sequence over Σt defined by η(n) = η[npt, (n+ 1)pt). Then since η is Toeplitz, so is η. In fact, if, given ω ∈ Ō(η), we define ω ∈ Ωt by ω(n) = ω[−gt(ω) + npt,−gt(ω) + (n+ 1)pt) then the map Φt(ω) = (gt(ω), ω ) is a homeomorphism of Ō(η) onto Zpt ×Ō(η ). Moreover, on Ωt, we may once again define the shift, still denoted S. We let εt : Zpt → {0, 1}, where εt(gt) = 1 if gt = pt − 1 and εt(gt) = 0 otherwise. The action S̃t : Zpt × Ō(η ) → Zpt × Ō(η ) defined by S̃t(gt, u) = (gt + 1, S tt(u)) is a homeomorphism and Φt ◦ S = S̃t ◦ Φt. A. IWANIK & Y. LACROIX 3 Let B,C ∈ A be such that |B| = β ≤ γ = |C|. Then we denote by ap(B,C) the frequency of appearances of B at positions jβ in C, in other words, ap(B,C) = 1 [γ/β] (#{j : C[jβ, (j + 1)β) = B, 0 ≤ j < [γ/β]}). Now we fix a period structure (pt) for the Toeplitz sequence η and write Wt for Wt(η). Theorem 1.1. The Toeplitz flow (Ō(η), S) is strictly ergodic if and only if for any s ≥ 1 and B ∈ Ws there exists a number ν(B) such that ap(B,C) → ν(B) uniformly in C ∈Wt as t→ ∞. Proof. First we prove the "if" part. For w ∈ A denote [w] = {u ∈ Ω : u[0, |w|) = w}. It suffices to show that for every w ∈ A the limit


The paper proposes a novel three-phase Z-source ac-ac converter topology, presents its circuit configuration, operating principle and control method. The proposed ac-ac converter employs a unique LC network to suppress the over-current and surge voltage due to the shoot-through or the open-circuit of the two switches. By controlling the duty cycle, the Z-source can provide buck-boost function, produce greater or less voltage than the line voltage. As a result, the new Z-source ac-ac converter reduces line harmonics, improves power factor and reliability. Analysis, simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate these new features.


The subjects of this study were 58 female cyclists who took part in the 200metre cycling race of the National Cycle Racing for Youngsters in 2002. With the method of the hierarchical progressive regression and gray correlation, according to the theory of measurement and evaluation, the characteristics of bodyshape and physical fitness of female cyclists at the adolescence of different age were explored. The corresponding model for evaluation and the point table for grading were set up. The purpose is to provide gist for the identification of the Chinese short distance cyclists and for the evaluation of the cyclists' bodyshape and physical fitness level at the adolescence.


The article is devoted to new federal state educational standards by the example of Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Professional Education (FSES HPE) for the specialty 030900 Jurisprudence (Bachelors). The author tackles the problems of FSES HPE orientation at improving educational process quality, of students' general cultural and professional competences practical estimation, of FSES HPE juridical irreproachability.


As an energy-efficient and environmental friendly cooling method.Spray cooling has been a growing concern in the past few years.However,there were few researches about the numerical simulation of the outdoor space influenced by spray cooling,especially on the relationship between the temperature and its influencing factors,so the plan of spray cooling is still based on experience because of few theories.This shortage seriously limited the widespread of spray cooling.The model which describes the relationship between temperature and time is built up,to demonstrate the correctness of the model by regression analysis.Meanwhile,the relationship between humidity and temperature balance time,humidity and cooling rate and cooling were analyzed and plotted,and then the method of calculating the cooling range was offered.This model can be used to analyze the relationship between temperature and time,predict cooling range of different spray cooling device,provide appropriate methods for the selection of spray cooling device and spray cooling plan,and make a contribution to the popularization of spray cooling.


Andrey Bely's novel Petersburg (one of the high points of Russian literary modernism and a rough analogue to James Joyce's Ulysses) repeatedly claims that parent and child, being of the same flesh and blood, share an ambivalent identity. At the same time, because the novel opens by invoking a major character's genealogical relation to Adam, the book implies that this kin identity is universal and can be applied to the entire human race. This essay analyzes the role of kinship metaphor in Petersburg, demonstrating that tropes of parent-child identity facilitate the novel's dizzying metaphoric conflation, that they form a kind of metafictional mirror in which the novel probes its own nature as a work of the imagination, and that Bely's theory and practice of metaphor touch on broader philosophical issues of figure and fictionality.


Fast iterative algorithms are often used for solving Method of Moments (MoM) systems, having a large number of unknowns, to determine current distribution and other parameters. The most commonly used fast methods include the fast multipole method (FMM), the precorrected fast Fourier transform (PFFT), and low-rank QR compression methods. These methods reduce the O(N) memory and time requirements to O(N log N) by compressing the dense MoM system so as to exploit the physics of Green s Function interactions. FFT-based techniques for solving such problems are efficient for spacefilling and uniform structures, but their performance substantially degrades for non-uniformly distributed structures due to the inherent need to employ a uniform global grid. FMM or QR techniques are better suited than FFT techniques; however, neither the FMM nor the QR technique can be used at all frequencies. This method has been developed to efficiently solve for a desired parameter of a system or device that can include both electrically large FMM elements, and electrically small QR elements. The system or device is set up as an oct-tree structure that can include regions of both the FMM type and the QR type. The system is enclosed with a cube at a 0- th level, splitting the cube at the 0-th level into eight child cubes. This forms cubes at a 1st level, recursively repeating the splitting process for cubes at successive levels until a desired number of levels is created. For each cube that is thus formed, neighbor lists and interaction lists are maintained. An iterative solver is then used to determine a first matrix vector product for any electrically large elements as well as a second matrix vector product for any electrically small elements that are included in the structure. These matrix vector products for the electrically large and small elements are combined, and a net delta for a combination of the matrix vector products is determined. The iteration continues until a net delta is obtained that is within the predefined limits. The matrix vector products that were last obtained are used to solve for the desired parameter. The solution for the desired parameter is then presented to a user in a tangible form; for example, on a display.


The aim. of the research was to prove and develop methodology of use of dynamic segmental diagnostics as the way of testing of skin sympathetic reactions during complex examination of patients with dorsopathies. We examined, patients with injuries of intervertebral discs of cervical, thoracic and. lumbar segments of spine, with dorsalgies on the background, of neurological manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis: 151 male and. 165 females (from 17 to 62 years) and 67 healthy people (27 males and 40 females (from 14 to 29 years). We summarized data of the intensity of skin sympathetic reactions in paravertebral segmental zones of different segments of spine and showed dependence of these reactions' intensity on the character of injury of vertebromotor segments at the dorsopathies.


of a thesis submitted in partial fulfllment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. STUDIES OF MAGNESIUM METABOUSM IN RUMINANTS


The purpose of the work is to designate the concept of texture as the basis of genre-style modeling, to consider the concept of various types of texture from the position of their energy charge in the spatio-temporal coordinates of a musical text. The methodology is based on the use of comparative, analytical, historical and logical methods. Scientific novelty lies in the expansion of ideas about the functionality of textures, about its historical role in the process of forming spatial coordinates, about a special aspect of the expressiveness of various types of textures, as about the specific foundation of the formative process of artistic composition. Findings. The texture reflects the spatio-temporal relations at the level of functioning of their individual attributes, that is, at the level of the content of a particular artistic design. By the specifics of the relationship of the individual elements organizing them into a certain functional-systemic unity of the texture, it is meant that unique personality of the language, which is based on a certain constructive relationship diagram of the coordinates of the musical space, which is a hallmark of a work of art.


Explosive phenomena includes a stunningly wide range of diverse manifestations, such as supernova remnant shocks and solar flares, violent decomposition chemistry and synthesis of superior materials under extreme conditions, weapons, missiles, and high velocity impact damage, fuels for space rocket motors, festive fireworks, and applications of detonation waves in construction industry and shocks in medicine. With earliest stages of explosive chemistry in energetic materials remaining poorly understood and constantly posing new science questions, an achievement of a controllable initiation of detonation process represents a particular challenge. Precise tuning of sensitivity to initiation of detonation via photo-excitation appears unreachable because all known secondary explosives are wide band gap insulators. This research demonstrates how YAG:Nd laser irradiation triggers explosive decomposition of PQ-PETN composites formed by pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), high energy density material, mixed with...


Current drug discovery is expensive and time-consuming. It remains a challenging task to create a wide variety of novel compounds with desirable pharmacological properties and cheaply available to low-income people. In this work, we develop a generative network complex (GNC) to generate new drug-like molecules based on the multi-property optimization via the gradient descent in the latent space of an autoencoder. In our GNC, both multiple chemical properties and similarity scores are optimized to generate and predict drug-like molecules with desired chemical properties. To further validate the reliability of the predictions, these molecules are reevaluated and screened by independent 2D fingerprint-based predictors to come up with a few hundreds of new drug candidates. As a demonstration, we apply our GNC to generate a large number of new BACE1 inhibitors, as well as thousands of novel alternative drug candidates for eight existing market drugs, including Ceritinib, Ribociclib, Acalabrutinib, Idelalisib, Dabrafenib, Macimorelin, Enzalutamide, and Panobinostat.


Scores of a sample of 251 males (15% black) on the Adult Personality Inventory (API) were analyzed to provide preliminary evidence on what impact respondents' race might have on interpretation of test profiles. Within this relatively homogeneous sample of employed adults, statistically significant relationships were found for only two of the scales: Creative, on which whites scored higher, and Uncertainty, on which blacks scored higher. The magnitude of the observed relationships suggested that race is not a significant source of bias in the remaining scales of this inventory.


Fifty-four communities were developed from repeated introductions of 28 phytoplankton species in three different orders of invasion at three different rates. Variation in species richness values in these communities was assignable to invasion order, invasion rate, and the timing between interspecific invasions. Invasion rate was most influential, explaining 21.8-78.8% of the variation on any given date; invasion order never explained >4.3%, and timing explained between 19.7 and 74.9%. All three facets of invasion had significant effects. One of the low-rate invasion categories developed a unique community structure that was dominated by Chlamydomonas. Communities in this category were invulnerable to the invasion of many species and as a result had low species richness values. The relative abundance patterns of species in categories having low or moderate in- vasion rates but identical invasion orders clustered more closely to each other than they did to their high invasion rate counterparts. In this sense, invasion order is more influential where immigration rates are relatively low (e.g., on islands) than it is where dispersal from outside sources is high (e.g., on continents). Because invasion history was controlled, the methodology used here provides inter- pretable data concerning the potential importance of chance historical events that occur during community assembly. The data indicate that idiosyncrasies in community structure often may be explained on the basis of the random invasion patterns of organisms to different habitats.


The protective effect of gypenosides(GPs) on aortic damage induced by exogenous oxygen free radicals(OFR) were investigated. The data showed that both electrolysed Krebs solution and xanthine-xanthine oxidase decreased the relaxation of the aortic rings induced by ACh. GPs (50mg·L~(-1))significantly protected the relaxing capacity of the aortic rings from OFR, so did catalase (25mg·L~(-1)). The protective effect was abolished by cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin(5mumol·L~(-1)). GPs also resisted the decrease of relaxation of the rings induced by methylene blue.


Objective: We evaluated reconstructive and oncological laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) combined with mini-laparoscopic instruments as standard equipment. Patients and Methods: 30 patients underwent reconstructive and oncological LESS: mini-laparoscopic-assisted LESS pyeloplasty (LESS-P, n = 18), mini-laparoscopic-assisted LESS partial nephrectomy (LESS-PN, n = 7) or mini-laparoscopic-assisted LESS radical prostatectomy (LESS-RP, n = 5). Perioperative data were prospectively collected. Results: The 18 LESS-P cases had operative times ranging between 120 and 180 min (average 147.9 min). Estimated blood loss ranged between 100 and 300 ml (average 202.1 ml). Two patients required additional management for failed reconstruction. LESS-PN was performed in 7 patients with tumor size ranging between 2.5 and 3.8 cm (average 2.7 cm). Average operative time and blood loss were 155 (140-180) min and 321.4 (250-550) ml, respectively. Renal artery clamping took place in 1 case. LESS-RP was performed in 5 patients; average operative time was 156 (140-180) min and average blood loss 196 (100-400) ml. Functional and oncological outcome was directly comparable to laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Conclusion: The combination of LESS and mini-laparoscopic instrumentation as routine equipment of reconstructive LESS reveals a different perspective for 'scarless' urologic surgery.


Super-resolution is very important in recognizing suspects face in video surveillance system. In this paper, we present an improvement of image super-resolution based on sparse signal representation. The issue of how to deal efficiently with sparse feature has great significance on the quality improvement of generated high resolution image. We propose to use Elastic net to solve sparse representation of image super-resolution process. Elastic Net will compromise between Lasso and Ridge regression to find the best correlated patch between low-resolution and high-resolution image. Experiments demonstrate that using Elastic Net reconstructed high-resolution images have better color and texture quality. It also gives smaller value of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) than Lasso and other conventional methods. Small RMSE means more accurate when recognizing face.


The phenomenon of corruption is the result of the collision between man's social attributes and man's natural attributes.Lack of sound personality will lead to corruption.The shaping of sound personality from split personality requires measures to be taken based both on internal and external causes,and it requires the cultivation of correct value of life and positive attitudes toward life with the focus on the socialist core value system.To perfect personality,one must abide by the combination of self-education with social education and correct one's own behavior.Self-supervision and social supervision should be strengthened and the officials' usage of power should be restrained.Personality evaluation should be fused into the selection and assessment of cadres and the officials' personality should be constantly improved.


The invention discloses a method and a device for managing a short message as well as a terminal, belonging to the field of information technologies. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining security permission of the short message when detecting that the short message to be transmitted needs to be encrypted; generating a short message sending packet according to an identification code corresponding to the security permission and the short message; sending the short message sending packet to a second terminal to adopt a corresponding display mode to display the short message according to the security permission determined by the identification code in the short message sending packet. According to the method and the device for managing the short message as well as the terminal, the generated short message sending packet is sent to the second terminal according to the identification code corresponding to the security permission and the short message, and the second terminal adopts the corresponding display mode to display the short message according to the security permission determined by the identification code in the short message sending packet, so that user privacy is protected, and meanwhile, security of the short message is improved.


One of the most remarkable hand movements is grasping. This ability has been repetitively associated with the evolution of the human lineage towards the development of technology. Besides mammals, other tetrapods have also evolved significant, and in some cases surprising, forelimb prehensile capabilities. In this study, we present a qualitative analysis of the carpal bones in diverse lizard taxa. Our main goal is to make a survey of the carpal morphology of different squamatans and to interpret its variability in the context of both lizard skilled forelimb movements and the evolutionary history of Squamata.


Algebraic and Sequential Children's English Lexical Cognitive Learning Strategy is an integrated application of sets,algebraic expressions,sequences in mathematics,logic concepts,together with minimal pairs and affixation in linguistics.Characterized by playfulness and divergence fit for children's psychology and intelligence,it has been positively accepted by children ranging from 8 to 14 years old.But the application of this strategy shows individual differences in terms of children's depth and width of association.Therefore,it is necessary that the width of association be the focus of English lexical teaching for younger children,while the depth of association be the difficulty of it for older children respectively.


This article reports on findings from a qualitative study of union learning reps (ULRs) in the South West region of England. It focuses on their participation as learning activists in workplace organising and branch activism and in support of broader union renewal strategies. To this end, a sample of ULRs and their project workers representing unions operating within the retail, distribution engineering and manufacturing sectors were interviewed. Participants were asked to reflect on their route into the ULR role and its prioritisation, on their engagement with branch structures and local management and on their identification with branch activism beyond learning. One key finding highlights a dichotomy within this new representative system between those already experienced and those completely new to branch activism in terms of their disposition towards union organising. In the latter case, their sense of identity with the role is encased narrowly within learning, rather than towards generic union representation - unlike their more experienced counterparts. Conclusions are drawn in ways that identify appropriate union interventions aimed at re-orientating new activists away from servicing to organising behaviours. Finally, a case is made for further research that examines the character of this self-imposed demarcation between branch and learning representation.


Effectively extracting power transformer partial discharge (PD) signals feature is of great significance for monitoring power transformer insulation condition. However, there has been lack of practical and effective extraction methods. For this reason, this paper suggests a novel method for the PD signal feature extraction based on multidimensional feature region. Firstly, in order to better describe differences in each frequency band of fault signals, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) band-pass filter wave for raw signal is carried out. And the component of raw signals on each frequency band can be obtained. Secondly, the sample entropy value and the energy value of each frequency band component are calculated. Using the difference of each frequency band energy and complexity, signals feature region is established by the multidimensional energy parameters and the multidimensional sample entropy parameters to describe PD signals multidimensional feature information. Finally, partial discharge faults are classified by sphere-structured support vector machines algorithm. The result indicates that this method is able to identify and classify different partial discharge faults.


The need exists for a measurement technique to accurately determine the depth of surface runoffon natural soil surfaces. The objective of this note was to determine the sensitivity to the immersion depth of commercially available frequency-domain probes. Within the range of 0 to 25 mm, measurement accuracies better than 0.5 mm were reached. Interestingly, soiling of the rods or droplets did not influence the results significantly. The influence of the electrical conductivity of the water or internal characteristics of different probes did not lead to a bias of more than 1 mm. A field test with grid-like mounted frequency-domain probes showed a stable output signal and a high sensitivity to hydrograph changes. We concluded that frequency-domain probes were well suited for tracking shallow depths of surface runoff in field studies and allow high spatial and time resolution. They provide higher accuracy than alternative systems in the water-level range <5 mm. However, when the measurement precision must be higher than 0.5 mm, an individual calibration of the probes is necessary as well as a correction for salinity.


For a full mouth implant case, one needs more than just the height of the bone and conditions of teeth. Exact bone width, height as well as the bone density are required for a precise diagnosis. Along with these, the size and shape of the implants that could be placed in the specic areas were vital for a full mouth rehabilitation. For these kinds of requirements, Modern implant dentistry has changed the course of treatment for edentulous patients. One such example is full mouth rehabilitation with the help of implants. Implants satisfy the patient's expectations, improve their quality of life, have a good long-term serviceability and presents with predictable outcomes. This paper describes a case report in which a partially edentulous patient was rehabilitated with an implant supported overdenture in maxilla and a 4-implant supported mandibular xed bridge along with a frenectomy. ABSTRACT


quasi-isochronus operation is one of the operation modes of NewSUBARU, a 1.5 GeV VUV storage ring. NewSUBARU has six invert bending magnets to control the momentum compaction factor. The aim of this research is to explore the extreme reduction of electron bunch length by reducing the momentum compaction factor. We experimentally reduced the momentum compaction factor from 0.0014 down to less than 10, keeping the beam in the ring. The second-order momentum compaction factor was adjusted to almost zero, while keeping the third-order momentum compaction factor positive. The ring was operated at 1.0 GeV. Using a streak camera, the shortest bunch length we observed was 4 ps FWHM.


Background: Intubation and mechanical ventilation of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, it is not known whether avoidance of mechanical ventilation can reduce the incidence of BPD in very premature infants. Objective: To investigate, in a meta-analysis, the influence of strategies to avoid mechanical ventilation on BPD incidence in premature infants of Methods: The authors searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL (January 2000 to February 2013) for randomized controlled trials comparing continuous positive airway pressure or non-invasive ventilation with endotracheal ventilation or intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE). The primary outcome was death or BPD at 36 weeks' GA. A secondary outcome was intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) grade 3 or 4. Data analyses were performed with RevMan Version 5.1.6 using a random effects model. Results: Seven studies comprising 3289 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In infants randomized to strategies avoiding intubation and mechanical ventilation, the rate of death or BPD was 39.6% (614/1552) versus 42.4% (737/1737) in controls, p=0.01. The odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for death or BPD was 0.83 [0.71-0.96], the number needed to treat was 35. Avoiding intubation and mechanical ventilation had no influence on IVH, p=0.35. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that BPD rates in premature infants


This work solve method of controlling hydraulic system model, which was create in matlab. PLC configured via TIA Portal like bistable controller and PID controller. Communication between programs proceeds via OPC Server.


The present invention relates to an access device (10) for a vehicle, said access device comprises a vehicle station (1), which is designed for checking an access authorization on the basis of a received identification code and at least one identification signal transmitter (2) which is adapted to send an identification code , The access device (10) is characterized by a communication profile means (3) is made, is formed, the successful communication connections to create a temporal profile (21) between the vehicle station (1) and the at least one identification signal transmitter (2) produced (4), and characterized to control the frequency of sending the inquiry signal (22) as a function of time profile (21).


The lithosphere may exhibit elastic, brittle-plastic and viscous-ductile properties. Rock mechanics experiments infer that a large part of the long-term lithospheric strength may be supported in the visco(ductile)-elastic regime. Yet, rock mechanics data refer to very high strain rates (10 orders of magnitude faster than natural ones), small, often mono-mineral, rock samples, simple loading conditions and specific fluid contents. Therefore they cannot be univocally applied to aggregated rocks at real conditions, geological time and spatial scales without additional parameterization. The only adequate parameterization would be based on real-time and space scale observations of lithosphere deformation in-situ. On practice, such observations refer to indirect interpretations of various kinds of data. New, solid insights may be obtained from large-scale thermo-mechanical models that reproduce lithospheric behavior while fitting multi-disciplinary sets of large-scale geophysical and geological data. For oceans, Goetze and Evan's brittle-elastic-ductile yield strength envelopes were successfully validated by models of plate flexure that have yielded robust estimates for the integrated strength of the lithosphere (EET) through correlating the observed gravity and bathymetry. In continents, the uncertainties of flexural models and of other data are much stronger due to the complex structure and history of continental plates. We suggest that continental rheology can be assessed and validated from a direct physical approach. For that we explore, by numerical thermo-mechanical modeling, the implications of a weak and strong mantle for tectonic structural styles to show which experimental rheology data sets are more physically compatible with tectonic scale deformation. We therefore suggest a new approach allowing for validation of extrapolations of the experimental rock mechanics data. We show, in particular, that the evolution of most continental convergence zones appeal for generalized "Jelly-Sandwich" rheology (strong mantle and strong upper crust with various possibilities for the intermediate and lower crust), which parameters can be robustly constrained , for each particular geodynamic context, from coupled dynamic thermo-mechanical models.


Alumina particles incorporated glass matrix composites, which showed good prospect to be used as coating materials for high-temperature corrosion protection on intermetallics or titanium alloys, were prepared via pressureless sintering. With increasing alumina content, the Young's modulus, fracture strength, Vickers hardness, indentation toughness, softening point, and thermal shock resistance of the composites increased monotonically. A similar increasing trend could be found for the thermal expansion coefficient of the composites, except for an abnormal drop at small amount of incorporation, which closely correlated with the Al3+ dissolution into the glass matrix.


In the past decade the progresses in nanofabrication, modeling (from atomistic to mesoscopic scales), and advances in nanocharacterisation have triggered an entirely new class of nanodevices. Owing to their superior electrical and mechanical performances, carbon based meterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have played a central role in these groundbreaking developments. Among the many, one of the most relevant feature of these materials is the capability to allow room temperature ballistic transport.


Research has shown that students who have a genuine engagement with others in the school community are more likely to complete their school education. There is evidence that a school?s social atmosphere affects how happy students are at school and how well they learn. Creating opportunities for student participation in school life beyond the classroom has also been cited as helping to provide students with a sense of social inclusion.


FIELD: physics, navigation. SUBSTANCE: method and device of aircraft radar system comprising a structure of the aircraft and a plurality of acoustic reflectors associated with the specified structure of the aircraft. A plurality of acoustic reflectors is adapted to generate the first audio signals in response to receiving the second audio signals. EFFECT: invention allows to determine the position of the aircraft in aquatic environment. 22 cl, 27 dwg


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the random dynamic response of aspur gear pair subjected to harmonic and white noise excita-tions. Periodic mesh stiffness and backlash are considered inthe model. The backlash is simplified as soft cubic nonlinearity.Numerical path integration is applied to capture the evolutionof the joint probability density of the displacement and velocityresponse. The short-time transition probability density is approx-imated as Gaussian distribution. Gaussian closure procedure isemployed to obtain the mean and variance. The random responsephenomenon of a gear pair with backlash nonlinearity and peri-odic stiffness are compared with deterministic case to illustratethe validity of path integration. INTRODUCTION The widely industrial application of gears illustrates the im-portance of studying their dynamic response. Extensive studiesin gear dynamics have been conducted during the latest decades[1–3]. The theoretical models used have evolved from sim-pler linear models to more complicated nonlinear models (referto [1, 4] for detailed information). The previous linear modelhas been demonstrated the inability to reveal complex dynamicfeatures in gear dynamics [5]. The time-varying mesh stiffnessand backlash nonlinearity existed in gear pairs may causes verycomplicated nonlinear dynamic response including jump, sub-harmonic and superharmonic resonances etc.. Those have been


During the central Mexican late Postclassic period, the Aztec Triple Alliance became the largest and most powerful empire in Mesoamerica. Yet ancient Tlaxcallan (now Tlaxcala, Mexico) resisted incorporation into the empire despite being entirely surrounded by it and despite numerous Aztec military campaigns aimed at the defeat of the Tlaxcaltecas. How did it happen that a relatively small (1,400 km²) polity was able to resist a more powerful foe while its neighbors succumbed? We propose a resolution to this historical enigma that, we suggest, has implications for the broader study of social and cultural change, particularly in relation to theories of state formation and collective action. We find it particularly interesting that the Tlaxcaltecas abandoned a key tenet of traditional Nahua political structure in which kingship was vested in members of the nobility, substituting for it government by a council whose members could be recruited from the ranks of commoners. To achieve such a significant deviation from typical Nahua authority structure, the Tlaxcaltecas drew selectively from those aspects of Nahua mythic history and religion that were consistent with a comparatively egalitarian and collective political regime.


Background The development of new metabolic diagnostic imaging PET is changing the history of metastatic prostate cancer (pCa), identifying situations of progression with a low disease burden; radiation treatment of metabolically active oligometastatic sites has been shown to be effective to prolong patient survival. In the scenario of oligometastatic disease to pelvic lymph nodes there is no uniform consensus on treatment volumes and radiotherapy doses to use.
Methods We retrospectively assessed a series of 50 patients treated from 2015 to 2021 at our center who presented with recurrent pelvic lymph node pCa disease with 1-3 lymph-nodes lateralized to one side of the pelvis. Patients were treated with intensity modulated Rapid Arc radiotherapy (IMRT), limiting the treatment volume to the chain of the affected side only. During the follow-up, the patients who presented a biochemical recurrence of the disease were evaluated by PET.
Results The biochemical progression-free survival and the metastatic progression-free survival were respectively 36% and 49% at 5 years. 22/50 patients presented a documented recurrence on PET. Only one patient presented a relapse within the irradiated volume and no patient presented a relapse on the contralateral pelvic lymph node chain. No patient had gastrointestinal toxicity > grade 1 RTOG.
Conclusion Treatment of patients with oligorecurrent (1-3 lesions) pelvic pCa, limiting the volume of irradiation to only one side of the affected lymph node chain, results in good biochemical disease control and presents a low risk of neoplastic contralateral progression.


Optimizing computation in an edge-cloud system is an important yet challenging problem. In this paper, we consider a three way trade-off between bit rate, classification accuracy, and encoding complexity in an edge-cloud image classification system. Our method includes a new training strategy and an efficient encoder architecture to improve the rate-accuracy performance. Our design can also be easily scaled according to different computation resources on the edge device, taking a step towards achieving rate-accuracy-complexity (RAC) trade-off. Under various settings, our feature coding system consistently outperforms previous methods in terms of the RAC performance. Code is made publicly available1.


A numerical model for the estimation of the laser pulse energy required for forest-(re detection with a prede(ned signal-to-noise ratio by an eyesafe lidar operating at wavelength of 1:54 m is developed. This model is coupled with a genetic algorithm, which is used for multi-objective optimisation of the (tness function (weighted sum of laser price, telescope price, and surveillance time) using telescope diameter and laser beam divergence as independent variables. ? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Recently Augmented Reality (AR) - overlaying digital content on a real world view - has seen a sharp increase in popularity due to availability of commercial SDKs and capability of display devices such as tablets, phones, and smart glasses. Typically the AR will be developed by a proprietary SDK and requires user to download a native app. Each AR experience requires a separate app.


During a three-month Fulbright award to India, I had the opportunity to observe the result of a trend common in the delivery of rehabilitation services in the country. Specifically, this pertains to the effort of one or more individuals in developing a service delivery system for a client population where no services exist. For instance, the country's first rehabilitation hospital for alcoholism was founded by a woman whose husband died of chronic alcoholism (T.T. Ranganathan Clinical Research Foundation, 1991). Similarly, the first educational center for treating children with learning disabilities was developed by a mother who could not find such services for her daughter (S.S. Badrinath, personal communication, August 30, 1993). Although this "grass roots" effort was observed among a variety of client populations, it was most clearly reflected in the delivery of services to persons with cerebral palsy. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and current status of the educational and rehabilitation services for persons with cerebral palsy in India. In order to provide the reader with the social context of this article, some background information about India will be given. Background India, which has had a continuous civilization since 2500 B.C., occupies 2.4% of the world's land area, yet it supports nearly 15% of the world's population (Wolpert, 1991). Like the United States, it has a federal form of government, but the central government in India has greater power in relation to its 25 states and 6 union territories. Approximately, 75% of India's population of 843 million live in the rural areas of the country, and 37.4% are below the poverty level (Ministry of Welfare, 1989). Although 83% of Indians are Hindus, there are more than 80 million (11%) Muslims living in the country. The remaining 6% include Christians, Jews, Sikhs, Buddhists and Parsis (Wolpert, 1991). The caste system, which comprised the traditional social categories of Indian society had its roots in the Hindu doctrine of purity of descent. It was based on one's occupation and ranked in a theoretically defined hierarchy. Traditionally, four castes were identified, plus a category of untouchables, but in reality, there are thousands of sub-castes. Despite economic modernization and laws which make it illegal to discriminate against members who are in the lower end of the class structure, the caste system continues to be an important factor in Indian society (Wolpert, 1991). Beginning in the 1960s, there has been a number of statutes and laws passed which were aimed at improving services for the 75 million persons in the country with disabling conditions (Ministry of Welfare, 1989). The major components of this legislation have involved the following: the development of national training and research institutes in the area of hearing, orthopedic, visual and mental disabilities; the development of vocational rehabilitation centers to evaluate and provide vocational training for rehabilitation clients; the formation of employment exchanges for persons with disabling conditions; and a large number of economic and educational incentives and benefits. With respect to the latter, these benefits range from reduced railroad rates and educational allowances for children with disabling conditions to the requirement that 3% of all governmental job vacancies must be filled by persons with disabling conditions. In spite of these legal mandates, rehabilitation services are still inadequate for a large number of persons with disabling conditions. Although the official governmental explanation pertains to the large percentage of the country's population that live in the rural areas, and thus, are unable to access rehabilitation services, the disparity between need and the availability of services is primarily caused by the country's poverty and social barriers. In part, the non-governmental or private sector of India's society has played an important role in trying to alleviate this situation by relying on the model of community-based rehabilitation (CBR). …


ABSTRACT Recently, many Wikipedia-based methods have been proposed to improve the performance of different natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as semantic relatedness computation, text classification and information retrieval. Among these methods, salient semantic analysis (SSA) has been proven to be an effective way to generate conceptual representation for words or documents. However, its feasibility and effectiveness in information retrieval is mostly unknown. In this paper, we study how to efficiently use SSA to improve the information retrieval performance, and propose a SSA-based retrieval method under the language model framework. First, SSA model is adopted to build conceptual representations for documents and queries. Then, these conceptual representations and the bag-of-words (BOW) representations can be used in combination to estimate the language models of queries and documents. The proposed method is evaluated on several standard text retrieval conference (TREC) collections. Experiment results on standard TREC collections show the proposed models consistently outperform the existing Wikipedia-based retrieval methods.


Photoreforming is a process that harnesses the redox ability of photocatalysts upon illumination, to simultaneously drive the reduction of H+ into hydrogen gas and oxidation of organic compounds. Over the past few decades, significant effort has been devoted to improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency, while substantially less focus has been directed towards the oxidation reactions. More recently, the realization of the potential for simultaneous hydrogen production with value-added organics has inspired researchers to use photooxidation pathways to tune the selectivity of oxidized products. As a distinct benefit, the less energetically demanding organic reforming is highly favorable when compared to the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution which negates the need for expensive and/or harmful hole scavengers. Photocatalyst modifications, such as secondary component deposition, doping, defect, phase and morphology engineering, have been the main strategies adopted to tune the photooxidation pathways and oxidation products. Direct control of the process conditions, including pH, temperature and reactant concentration, and favorable reactor designs can further improve the selectivity towards desired products. While other published reviews focus on the types of photocatalysts or feedstocks used to enhance the hydrogen evolution efficiency, this review highlights the importance of controlling the selectivity of the photoreforming reaction, particularly as an alternative path for waste abatement or valorization for industry. This review links the strategies used to improve the selectivity of photoreforming of organic waste into high-value and desirable chemicals, as well as offers an outlook on the future research direction required to deliver highly selective photocatalyst. A holistic strategy that comprises photocatalyst and system designs, appropriate characterizations and implementation of artificial intelligence has also been proposed and discussed to further aid establishment of the structure–mechanism–function relationship, thereby accelerating the discovery of optimum selective photoreforming systems.


The supremacy of female authority in field such as ethnology or cultural-social anthropology, is here strongly related to the situation in European transitional scholarly communities. With a main example of "the rule of women" in Croatian ethnology from the mid-20th century up to today, it will be analysed as a matter of profound contextual causes which, when Eastern European setting is in question, reach as far as the paradox of "socialist national ethnologies" itself


It is explained which way a welded zone integrity has to concentrate on a number of inconveniences resulting from the weld behaviour. These problems will be discussed for evaluation of fatigue and fracture. Going after the fracture assessment address, the effect of weld configuration on stress intensity factor is fixing. A pertinent input to these methods is the limit load. In the view of the prominence of residual stresses in weldments, the interpretation of combined primary and secondary stresses in fracture evaluation is most desirable to be described in great detail. The influence of residual stresses on R – ratio is given. The weldment testing methods involve the techniques for definite microstructural regions and elimination of residual stress effects on fracture toughness measuring. For FCG rate predicting, the initial residual stresses are put into numerical models and residual stress distribution is simulated, incorporating crack growth. The technique is suggested for cracks initiating within a weld, namely in tensile residual stress zone.


Accurate herbicide application depends upon well-designed equipment, proper calibration, and consideration of environmental factors. Efficacy of herbicides is affected by factors like drop size, adjuvants, and plant physiology. This symposium, held at the Weed Science Society of America annual meeting, February 5, 1987, St. Louis, MO, was divided into two sections: Session 1, Chemical Transport to and Uptake into the Plant; and Session 2, Innovative Equipment. Symposium chair men were R. Barry Rogers, Rogers Engineering, Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and Loren E . Bode, University of Illinois, Urbana.


The invention relates to a fingerprint identification method capable of improving fingerprint identification rate. The method comprises steps of step 1, acquiring a fingerprint image, recording acquisition frequency, and then entering step 2; step 2, carrying out matching identification on the fingerprint image and a pre-stored fingerprint template, and if the matching is successful, fishing the matching identification process of this time, or else entering step 3; step 3, repairing the fingerprint image, carrying out matching identification on the repaired fingerprint image and the pre-stored fingerprint template, and if the matching is successful, finishing the matching identification process of this time, or else entering step 4; and step 4, comparing the acquisition frequency with preset frequency, and if the acquisition frequency reaches the preset frequency, finishing the matching identification process of this time, or else returning to the step 1. According to the invention, by acquiring fingerprint image in a circulation manner to carry out matching identification, and repairing an un-identified fingerprint and then carrying out matching identification again, fingerprint identification success rate can be greatly improved under the conditions that there is sweat and dirt or on a fingerprint or the fingerprint is very dry.


Nowadays we witness an increased use of information & communication technologies (ICT) which contributed to important changes in the world due to the Globalization process. Additionally, Globalization and ICT increased the movement of people or the so called migration. The migratory flows have increased considerably in the last decades. Due to this, there is a need to review the migration theories through the lens of the ICT. The analyses of migration and ICT lay the premises for a knowledge-based society. This paper focuses on the migration theories, starting from the dominant and oldest theory explaining the causes of migration. Hereinafter, it discusses the neoclassical theory and the human capital approach, the new economics of migration, network and institutional theory. Thus, there have been many attempts to explain migration from different perspectives but what becomes clear nowadays is that there is still request for more analyses considering updated perspectives.


The phagolysosomal compartment is crucial for the defense against infection with intracellular pathogens. Within this compartment, the TNF- and IFN-γ-responsive acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) generates the signaling molecule ceramide, resulting in the activation of proteases like cathepsin D. To investigate the possible role of ASMase as a mediator of the antibacterial effects of TNF and IFN-γ, ASMase−/− mice were infected with Listeria monocytogenes. ASMase−/− mice showed a dramatically increased susceptibility to L. monocytogenes (LD50 ∼100 CFU) when compared with syngeneic wild-type mice (LD50 ∼10,000 CFU). In L. monocytogenes-challenged ASMase−/− mice, IFN-γ serum levels as well as IL-1β and IL-6 secretion by macrophages were similar to those observed in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Although macrophages and granulocytes from ASMase−/− mice showed intact production of reactive nitrogen intermediates and oxidative burst, ASMase−/− macrophages proved completely incapable of restricting the growth of L. monocytogenes in vitro. The results of this study suggest that ASMase is crucially required for the intracellular control of L. monocytogenes in macrophages and granulocytes by nonoxidative mechanisms.


One of the problems which has plagued thouse attempting to predict the behavior of capital marcets is the absence of a body of positive of microeconomic theory dealing with conditions of risk/ Althuogh many usefull insights can be obtaine from the traditional model of investment under conditions of certainty, the pervasive influense of risk in finansial transactions has forced those working in this area to adobt models of price behavior which are little more than assertions. A typical classroom explanation of the determinationof capital asset prices, for example, usually begins with a carefull and relatively rigorous description of the process through which individuals preferences and phisical relationship to determine an equilibrium pure interest rate. This is generally followed by the assertion that somehow a market risk-premium is also determined, with the prices of asset adjusting accordingly to account for differences of their risk.


Intelligent big data analytics is an emerging paradigm for integrating big data, analytics, and artificial intelligence. The objective of this paper is to provide a managerial framework of intelligent big data analytics. More specifically, this paper proposes a managerial framework of intelligent big data analytics, which consists of intelligent big data analytics as a science, technology, system, service and management for improving business decision making. Then it elaborates intelligent big data analytics for management taking into account main managerial functions: planning, organising, leading and controlling. The proposed approach in this paper might facilitate the research and development of business analytics, big data analytics, business intelligence, artificial intelligence and data science.


Sixteen Mycobacterium bovis isolates from bovine tissues and one reference strain M. bovis AN5 were investigated for different bound and unbound lipids. For comparison, other mycobacterial species included in the study were M. tuberculosis, M. bovis BCG and M. avium. The thin layer chromatographic (TLC) study indicated the absence of C-mycosides in all the M. bovis isolates while phosphatidyl inositol mannosides (PIMs) was present in all M. bovis isolates, M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis as shown by TLC with the solvent chloroform-methanol-water (60:30:6, v/v × 1). The polar glycolipids were present in all the M. bovis isolates and M. tuberculosis showing seven bands with Rf value 0.62, 0.55, 0.44, 0.40, 0.38, 0.31 and 0.09 with the solvent n-propanol-water-ammonia (sp. gr. 0.89) (75:22:3, v/v × 1). The unidimensional TLC mycolates patterns of all M. bovis isolates including AN5 showed one spot corresponding to alpha-mycolate (as in M. tuberculosis) and the other spot being more diffuse in nature, covering the location of keto and methoxy mycolates.


In this paper we make a detail evaluation of stock market efficiency in Romania. First, we employ 686,243 trading models derived from 44 technical analysis indicators and determine that significant inefficiencies exist for stock prices in this country. The time varying nature of these points out that market efficiency is not improving over time, but instead fluctuates in the way consistent to the Adaptive Market Hypothesis. We show that investor success does not depend on the target investment asset, slightly depends on specific prediction models and heavily depend on the size of the implemented rule universe. Next, we focus on finding out what are the determining factors for market efficiency. Contrary to what one might expect, we find that market liquidity has an almost insignificant impact on efficiency. The main determining factor for market efficiency in Romania is price momentum, and argues that the detected anomalies are due to investor behavioral biases.


Novices are often overwhelmed with the amount of information presented in avalanche courses. Even experienced backcountry travelers have trouble putting all their observations and infor- mation into well-considered decisions. Investigations into avalanche accidents often conclude that rather than a lack of clues contributing to the accident, a series of oversights or "non-decisions" led to the final critical mistake. At the American Avalanche Institute, we have developed a checklist to help guide back- country travelers through the forest of information they encounter during a backcountry tour. None of the individual checkpoints are revolutionary; the goal of the checklist is to provide a system for decision mak- ing in avalanche terrain. The checklist is a mix of simple steps (that might be forgotten or skipped) and "pause and think points" at critical stages in the decision-making process. No checklist could ever func- tion as a comprehensive "how to" guide for decision making in avalanche terrain; the environment is too complex. Experience, good judgment, skills, and improvisation are still needed. Nevertheless, a good checklist can foster teamwork, communication, and better decision-making in avalanche terrain. After using the checklist for the past three years, we have seen students approach decisions with more organi- zation, more focus, and an enhanced ability to communicate their observations to others in their touring groups. Checklists work for aviation, wildland fire fighting, and surgeons. We have found the checklist to be a useful tool to aid in decision-making in avalanche terrain too.


We investigate the feasibility of combining off-the-shelf virtual reality headsets and electroencephalography. EEG is a highly sensitive tool and subject to strong distortions when exerting physical force like mounting a VR headset on top of it that twists sensors and cables. Our study compares the signal quality of EEG in VR against immersive dome environments and traditional displays using an oddball paradigm experimental design. Furthermore, we compare the signal quality of EEG when combined with a commodity VR headset without modification against a modified version that reduces physical strain on the EEG headset. Our results indicate, that it is possible to combine EEG and VR even without modification under certain conditions. VR headset customisation improves signal quality results. Additionally, display latency of the different modalities is visible on a neurological level.


We consider a multi-agent setting with agents exchanging information over a network to solve a convex constrained optimisation problem in a distributed manner. We analyse a new algorithm based on local subgradient exchange under undirected time-varying communication. First, we prove asymptotic convergence of the iterates to a minimum of the given optimisation problem for time-varying step-sizes of the form $c(k) = \frac{\eta }{{k + 1}}$, for some η > 0. We then restrict attention to step-size choices $c(k) = \frac{\eta }{{\sqrt {k + 1} }},\eta > 0$, and establish a convergence of $\mathcal{O}\left( {\frac{{\ln (k)}}{{\sqrt k }}} \right)$ in objective value. Our algorithm extends currently available distributed subgradient/proximal methods by: (i) accounting for different constraint sets at each node, and (ii) enhancing the convergence speed thanks to a subgradient averaging step performed by the agents. A numerical example demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.


Abstract The paper presents a review of wind parameter measurement complexes and investigation methods used for potential wind energy evaluation. Based on results of long-term investigations of wind shear distribution regularities are shown up to 160 m height on the Baltic Sea shore. Distribution of potential wind energy in Latvia is shown as a map and table of average and average cubic wind speed values. Database of wind parameter measurements is available at a public website.


In the summer of 1919, Sawyer and his family moved to Brisbane, Australia, to head the Rockefeller Foundation's new hookworm
 control campaign there. Though his duties required much travel, Sawyer cherished his time at home with his family. The caption
 on the back of the photograph reads, "Ready for the native parade. [From right:] Peggy with Motuan grass skirt and Motuan
 tom-tom (Papua), Ruth with fibre rami from Trobriands, and Motuan comb, Gertrude with model of native out-rigger dug-out canoe
 with crab claw sail. Ruth has banana-seed beads from Papua & armlet from German New Guinea"


The water supply treatment method,the switchover condition between washing before start-up and water supply method of two 600 MW supercritical units once-through boiler in Jiangsu Zhangjiagang Shazhou Electric Power Co.,Ltd.are introduced.The treatment standard when water-vapor quality is abnormal is presented,which ensures satisfying control function of reducing scaling during the operation of supercritical once-through boiler.


Among the key determinants of the profession of social work is the provision of assistance andempowerment of people with mental health disorders. The fact that social workers meet with patientsdiagnosed with some forms of mental disorders on a daily basis needs to find the most appropriateapproach to improve the quality of life of the patients, which places social workers on new challengesthat they will try to respond in the coming period. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the role ofsocial workers in dealing with patients with mental disorders, the most commonly encountereddifficulties and the most important of their resources in dealing with these patients. Social workers areincreasingly recognized as important members of the team, working with people with various forms ofmental disorders. The implementation of social work in health care institutions is very often closelyrelated to social psychiatry, most often in the area of sociocultural processes and mental illness. Socialworkers are obliged to provide expert opinion to the patient and his / her family and to show appropriateskills in the intervention of social relations between the patient and the family. Social contact withpersons with mental disorders should take place in the direction of reducing the negative attitude of theenvironment, eliminating stigmatizing factors. Based on this, we can expect significantly better resultsin recognizing the disease and early diagnosis, treatment and ultimate outcome of better qualityintegration of people with mental disorders in the society. Particularly important integration componentin the environment is work. Functional functioning is the fundamental basis of psychiatric rehabilitationas it promotes activity and social contacts, as well as self-esteem and quality of life, leading to socialintegration and independence, which is one of the essential components for successful recovery of thepatient. The discussion on this topic seeks to contribute to the further strengthening of the professionalidentity of social work, which is currently unfavorable, giving this profession an inadequate role withina relatively narrow space between administrative and psychosocial action.


With the introduction of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, the pandemic has abated. However, the virus has not been completely contained, and some of the potential effects of the outbreak have not been thoroughly studied. We collected data from two regional emergency centers from May to November 2015-2019, before the outbreak, and from May to November 2020, after the outbreak. We evaluated the incidence of each major type of digestive disease before and after the pandemic in adults at two hospitals, which experienced COVID-19 outbreaks with varying severity. A total of 11,336 patients were enrolled in the study (PUTIAN, n=5503, UNION, n= 5891). From 2015 to 2019, the numbers of patients at the two hospitals increased steadily, but in 2020, the number of patients at UNION declined. The constituent ratios of diseases in each year in the two hospitals differed. The number of patients with peptic ulcer in 2020 was significantly different from that in each year from 2015 to 2019 (PUTIAN 2015-2020, 16.6%, 20.0%, 16.6%, 18.3%, 21.1%, 37.1%; UNION 2015-2020, 31.5%, 34.6%, 31.6%, 31.3%, 31.7%, 43.7%, respectively). The rates of peptic ulcer increased dramatically in both hospitals in 2020. An increase in the incidence of severe peptic ulcer was observed after the pandemic compared to the same period in previous nonpandemic years. Therefore, these factors should be considered in the formulation of public health strategies and the allocation of medical resources in the postepidemic era.


Four steers aged 18 months, fitted with rumen and abomasal cannulas, were fed wheat straw ad lib., together with supplements supplying (g N/d) 30 urea (A), 30 urea + 30 casein (B), 30 urea + 37 HCHO-treated casein (C), during three successive collection periods, each of 17 days duration. HCHO-treated casein (15 g HCHO/kg casein) supplied 30 g N digestible in the intestines per 37 g N fed. The supplements were given as pellets fed in two equal meals at 0800 and 2000 h daily. Cr-EDTA sprayed onto the straw, and acid detergent lignin were used as markers for digesta flows, and 2,6-diaminopimelic acid was used as the bacterial marker.


Abstract Theoretical and empirical developments with the locus of control construct demonstrate that it is a context-specific multidimensional construct that has implications for stress and well-being. In this paper, the multidimensionality of work-specific locus of control is explored by subjecting Spector's work locus of control scale to principal components analysis. Using samples of 221 university staff and 399 accountants, a two-dimensional structure was uncovered; external agents control and personal control. Correlations with constructs that have been theoretically and empirically associated with locus of control indicate slightly divergent results for the two dimensions, thus demonstrating the importance of treating locus of control as a domain-specific multidimensional construct. In addition, test-retest data with a subsample of 246 accountants suggested that work locus of control may be thought of as a state rather than trait measure.


In this paper, we complement our previous work on the study of low-temperature rectifying junctions based on Ag/ZnO Schottky barriers. Diodes characterized by very high ION/IOFF ratio and ideality factors considerably higher than unity, in disagreement with the thermionic emission model, are modeled with a 2-D finite-element simulator. We could discard tunneling and inhomogeneous barrier-height distribution as sources for this anomalous value. A new interface charge layer model was therefore introduced, which is able to reproduce the electrical behavior in devices with large ideality factors without decreasing the rectifying properties.


Far-end crosstalk (FEXT) becomes one of the most critical factors affecting signal quality (SI) in high-density and high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this paper, a new method of using square cross structure (SCS) is proposed to reduce FEXT for microstrip signal lines in DDR5. According to the simulated S-parameters results, with the utilization of this method, the FEXT can be suppressed to be less than −24 dB in a wide frequency range (0~16GHz). Moreover, the FEXT decreases by more than 20 dB around the main frequency (3.2 GHz) of DDR5, compared with the signal routing without the SCS. Then, the time domain simulated results also show that the peak of FEXT noise is below 2.0 mV. Therefore, it can be concluded that this method has a great potential in FEXT reduction for microstrip signal lines in DDR5.


Inherent and apparent optical properties have been investigated in coastal regions and in the open Baltic Sea for more than 20 years. The area of investigation included the open parts of the central and western Baltic Sea and the Pomeranian Bight, with the largest fresh water inflow into the western Baltic via the Oder river. The main focus of the research was the seasonal and regional variation in the concentration and composition of optically active water constituents and their inherent optical properties and the influence on the apparent optical properties like spectral reflectance and the vertical attenuation coefficient. This publication combines results of earlier studies and new investigations on the absorption of yellow substances and the volume‐scattering function. A volume‐scattering phase function, an important variable in modelling of radiative transfer in the water, was derived for the Baltic Sea. The best correlation was found in a two‐term Henyey–Greenstein function, in contrast to the Petzold phase function. The optical measurements were already used to modify reflectance models, to validate Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), MOS (Modular Optical Scanner) and Sea‐viewing Wide Field of view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data, and to derive ground data algorithms. They will be important for the future validation and adaptation of Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data evaluation procedures on the conditions of the Baltic Sea.


The paper reports key characteristics of recent developments in the field of broadband photodetectors for 1.55 mum wavelength. A 100 Gbit/s photodetector module and a balanced photodetector for direct detection of 80 Gbit/s DPSK transmission formats are presented


This mini review article summarizes the recent progress in the modification of Ni-rich cathode materials for Li-ion batteries using rare earth elements. Although layered materials with high nickel content are the most promising cathodes due to their high capacity, the significant chemical, structural and thermal instability considerably hinders their practical application. Overcoming these limitations is possible through morphological or structural modifications based on doping and coating. Numerous reports regarding the use of various elements of the periodic table for this type of modification can be found in the literature. Surprisingly, rare earth elements are the least applied and described in the literature so far, even though they possess all the necessary features qualifying them as effective modifiers of layered cathode materials. This work summarizes the up-to-date publications regarding the application of rare earth elements as a highly prospective group of modifiers for layered Ni-rich cathode materials. These reports provide a better understanding of mechanisms of modification by rare earth elements and their beneficial effects on the electrochemical performance of the studied materials. New prospective strategies for layered cathode materials improvement have also been indicated.


The purpose of the study is to identify possible directions for the development of the role of regional reserve funds in the management of social investments. The substantiation of the use of the instrument of reserve funds as the main element of the accumulation of social investments is given. Proposed normative registration in order to ensure the order of formation and control over the direction of the use of funds.


The author reviews the recent results obtained on the low-frequency noise characteristics of deep-submicron metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). The manuscript covers measurements, analysis and modelling of 1/f noise as well as random telegraph signals (RTS). In addition, techniques are presented where RTS and 1/f noise measurements can be utilised to characterise the oxide traps responsible for these fluctuations, namely the position of the trap in the oxide and along the conduction channel, the trap energy, and the associated screened scattering coefficient. Most of the analysis is based on the classical three-dimensional treatment of charge carrier calculation, although a section is reserved for charge quantisation and its effect on RTS. For noise modelling, an improved physics-based 1/f noise model is presented where the Berkeley short channel IGFET model (BSIM3) has been modified to include the threshold variation along the channel. This model merges into the classical BSIM3 for supermicron devices. The noise models presented in the manuscript are based on data that were obtained on many submicron channel length n- and p-MOSFETs made by different leading manufacturers using different technologies. It is expected that the developed models will be valid for all advanced MOSFETs.


Paul Cameron, ASC shoots the fifth installment of the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise, Dead Men Tell No Tales, with an arsenal of new methods.


This article suggests that explaining the specifics of ethnonationalism (its timing, claims, institutionalization in the political system) and addressing its contingencies, cross‐national differences and historical irregularities requires illuminating three processes: identity construction and transformation; interest definition; and identity politicization and mobilization. It argues that approaches to ethnonationalism in the West have tended to stress culture or socio‐economic conditions, and have produced theories lacking in explanatory power. It suggests focusing on political institutions and elites to shed light on the processes of ethnonationalism in Western societies using historical institutionalism and élite analysis.


The state resolved stereodynamics of bimolecular reactions can be probed using velocity aligned
photofragments as reagents, and polarised, Doppler resolved laser detection techniques for the products.
The new strategy and its application to the reaction O(1D)


In this paper,we consider the rescheduling problems which sequence disruption and time disruption is a linear relationship,that is maximum sequence disruption and maximum time disruption,maximum sequence disruption and total time disruption,total sequence disruption and maximum time disruption,total sequence disruption and total time disruption,the objective is to minimize the total completion time.Rescheduling problem is a set of original jobs that have been scheduled on a single machine according to some orders.There is another set of new jobs that arrive over time.Preemption is not permitted,so that no interruption in the processing of a job is allowed.The goal is to find a schedule of original jobs set and new jobs set that minimize some objective subject to some disruption constraints.According to classical scheduling theory,we show that shortest processing time first rule is to minimize objective functions,and design some algorithms by dynamic programming,given examples and time complexity of algorithms.