Abstract Moral theory has generally focused on resolving ethical dilemmas by identifying ethically sound options. Whether the focus is on consequences, duties, principles or virtues, ethical cases are often approached in ways that assume morally sound solutions can be found and followed. Such 'ideal morality' assumes that moral goodness is always possible, leaving people confident they have done the right thing. Such an approach becomes inadequate in disaster settings where any good solution is often difficult to see. This paper examines recent work on nonideal moral theory as a useful model for disaster bioethics. This approach views moral dilemmas as situations where no choice is ideal and every option involves some element of unavoidable wrongdoing. Rather than straining for ideal answers, this approach acknowledges that sometimes the lesser of two evils is the best that can be done. Such situations inevitably lead to feelings of regret or guilt, commonly encountered in discussions of disaster bioethics. This paper explores the practical implications of nonideal approaches for disaster responders working in tragic situations.


Abstract: In this modern age, the general crime rate is increasing day-by-day and to cope up with this the enforcement departments too should find ways in which would speed up the overall process and help them in bringing one to justice. One such way can be using face recognition technology for identifying and verifying the criminal. The traditional approach here is to use the hand-drawn face sketches drawn by forensic sketch artist tospot the criminal, modernizing this is able to mean using the hand-drawn sketch and then matching them with the enforcement departments database to spot the criminal. Using this approach would result in the various limitations with latest technologies andeven would be time consuming as there are very few forensic sketch artists available when compared to the increasing crime ratio. Our project is aimed on decreasing the time span and speeding up this process by providing a standalone platform to the law enforcement department which would allow users to create accurate face sketch of the suspect without the help of forensic sketch artist and no special training or artistic skills. The sketch can be created using drag and drop feature in the application with variety of face elements and can automatically match the drawn composite face sketch with the law enforcement departments database much faster and efficiently using deep learning and cloud infrastructure.


The observable (cid:15) K is sensitive to flavor violation at some of the highest scales. While its experimental uncertainty is at the half percent level, the theoretical one is in the ballpark of 15%. We explore the nontrivial dependence of the theory prediction and uncertainty on various conventions, like the phase of the kaon fields. In particular, we show how such a rephasing allows to make the short-distance contribution of the box diagram with two charm quarks, η cc , purely real. Our results allow to slightly reduce the total theoretical uncertainty of (cid:15) K , while increasing the relative impact of the imaginary part of the long distance contribution, underlining the need to compute it reliably. We also give updated bounds on the new physics operators that contribute to (cid:15) K


Bioheat transfer is a combination of heat transfer and biology process comprising of transfer of heat from human living tissue to the environment. This study aims to estimate the temperature distribution of female human's skin. In this study, effect of varied blood perfusions of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg/s.m3 on bioheat transfer of female human skin, which was modeled into four layers, was simulated. To address this issue, one-dimensional unsteady state finite difference method was applied in this study.  Result of this study informed that the finite difference method can be used to solve the bioheat transfer equation and to estimate temperature distribution of different skin layers of female human. In this study, blood perfusion affects temperature distribution in the four layers of unstable women's skin. The highest blood perfusion of 3 kg/s.m3 resulted in more homogeny temperature distribution of different skin layers. This circumstance occurred since higher blood perfusion increases heat transfer between blood and skin layers.


Performance Appraisal is a key part of human resources.Effective appraisal can stipulate employee's participation and improve their performance.This paper analyzes the issues in performance appraisal of professional libraries,and presents,based on experiences,a scientific means to evaluate employee's performance of professional libraries,which can provide a reference for the professional performance.


The study investigated where and in what way secondary school teachers in the Netherlands generate ideas linked to their work environment using a self-report measure. Before idea generation teachers prefer to be alone in a quiet environment, almost always away from work. They consult colleagues, professional periodicals and specialized books. Also during the moment of idea generation, teachers are usually alone at home. In bed turns out to be a good place for generating new ideas. The work environment is not an appropriate place for getting ideas. After an idea occurs to them, teachers write it down immediately, talk to experts to evaluate it and to develop it in further detail, searching for facts supporting the idea.


Tobacco smoking has caused more than 20 million premature American deaths in the 50 y after the first US Surgeon General Report of Smoking and Health (1). The recognition of this major health hazard has led to efforts to both prevent the initiation of smoking and aid smokers in quitting, and most recently to an announced strategy of lowering nicotine in cigarettes and pushing those addicted to nicotine toward harm-reduction products. Nicotine is the addictive component in the >7,000 compounds and more than 70 identified chemical carcinogens in tobacco smoke. Nicotine alone has not been shown to be carcinogenic in animal bioassays, but can be metabolized to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific N -nitrosamines, including N -nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and a nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) (2). One could argue that without the addictive properties of nicotine, tobacco smoking would neither be popular nor a health problem, and lung cancer would not be the major lethal cancer worldwide (3). The delivery of nicotine in skin patches and chewing gum are considered as less-harmful alternatives to tobacco smoking and can aid tobacco smokers to quit (4). E-cigarettes are gaining in popularity not only as a purported smoking cessation strategy, but are also being promoted as being a "cool" habit in …

[↵][1]1Email: curtis_harris{at}nih.gov.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


(Camera behind Ophelia in full length on the right of screen. In background Hamlet can be seen crossing from left to right. Ophelia turns away from him and comes forward to left of the screen, embarrassed and undecided. In the background Hamlet, now on screen right, pauses and looks at her and then goes on again out of screen right on his way to the arras.) 138. Arras set. Day. Hamlet. (He is in full length as he lays his hand on that part of the arras which is furthest from camera and comes forward, direction left to right. He runs his hand along the arras until he reaches


Historical introduction The emigration of people born in Southern Africa to Australia and, to a lesser extent, New Zealand has increased substantially in the last five decades. In 1961 the number of Africa-born in Australia (excluding those born in Egypt) was 12,272, of whom 7,896 were born in South Africa and 4,376 in 'Other countries in Africa' (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1970, p.13). In 2011 the South Africa-born alone numbered over 145,000, with a further 40,000 from other Southern African countries (Table 1). This paper adds to the literature on this migration stream with selected stories of individual migrants and with analysis of the 2011 Australian Census data.


The research is adopted the general plant resource investigation method to measure the plant community,which grow in the roadsides of Ulan Hot-Aer Mountain.After the survey and systematic testing,we have concluded the following results: there are 4 vegetation types,4 vegetation sub-types and 9 formations;wild seed plant is abundant oppositely;the seed plant area distributes is absolute advantaged by temperate zone type,and have the characteristic of big family advantage;perennial herbs are the dominant life form;a very great comparison is occupied by the medium living plant in this area;the Lilium pumilum,which fourth classes protection plant in Inner Mongolia,is discovered along the roadsides,so we should protect the plant resources specially in highway construction.


With the advent of three-dimensional modeling in nuclear safety analysis codes, the need has arisen for a new display methodology. Currently, analysts either sort through voluminous numerical displays of data at points in a region, or view color coded interpretations of the data on a two-dimensional rendition of the plant. RGUI 1.0 provides 3D capability for displaying data. The 3D isometric hydrodynamic image is built automatically from the input deck without additional input from the user. Standard view change features allow the user to focus on only the important data. Familiar features that are standard to the nuclear industry, such as run, interact, and monitor, are included. RGUI 1.0 reduces the difficulty of analyzing complex three-dimensional plants.


The effects of agitation depending on impeller geometry and agitation velocity in hydrocarbon fermentation have been studied for flat-bladed turbines in laboratory scale fermentor. The microorganisms of Rhodotorula species were grown on n-alkane mixture of which carbon number ranged from 12 to 14 at , with pH range of and at the oxygen flow rate of 0.4 of v.v.m.(vol./vol./min) in this experiment. Cell yield, lag phase and generation time were influenced directly by power input in agitation which was determined by impeller geometry and agitation velocity for a given medium. Even at the same power input the generation time was influenced more effectively by increasing impeller diameter than increasing blade area.


T INVESTIGATED area covers approximately 400,000 feddan, western area of Nile delta, and almost irrigated by fresh water of "Nile River. Occasionally, due to shortage of fresh water in some periods, farmers use to irrigate their land with mixed water (lowquality) from fresh water canals and drainage water (agricultural. domestic, industrial water a effluents). Also, the deposition of polluted air emitted from industries and vehicles, in this area, is also another source of soil pollution by Cd and Pb. The objective of this investigation was to study the distribution of DTPA-Cd and Pb in soil and their spatial variation in this area.


The article focuses on the warehouse management problem within supply chain nodes. A simulation model of a real warehouse is used as decision-making tool with the aim of analyzing different operational strategies by using approaches based on multiple performance measures and user-defined set of input parameters. An application example is presented that considers the effect of resources allocation on internal logistic costs.


Contents: Part I: Circuits of Wood and Power: Timber Frontiers and Paper Landscapes of the North: Introduction: northern forest regimes and the challenge of internationalization, Ari Aukusti Lehtinen, Jakob Donner-Amnell and BjA,rnar SA|ther. Part II: Canada: Freeing from the Colonial Heritage?: Requiem for a 'local' champion: globalization, British Columbia's forest economy and MacMillan Bloedel, Roger Hayter Beyond L'Erreur boreale: the forest industry, environmentalism and image production in Quebec, Canada, L. Anders Sandberg, Nicolas Houde and Patrick Lavoie. Part III: Russian Forest Industry: Eroding the Patrimonial Hegemony: Russian Taiga: regional fabrication of the Federal Forest Regime, Ari Aukusti Lehtinen Forest regimes as heterogeneous networks: polarization of the Russian forest industry, Jarmo Kortelainen Shifting between the East and the West, switching between scales: forest-industrial regimes in northwest Russian borderlands, Juha Kotilainen Co-managing the Taiga: Russian forests and the challenge of international environmentalism, Maria Tysiachniouk and Jonathan Reisman. Part IV: Nordic Forest Regimes: Success and its Price: To be or not to be Nordic? how internationalization has affected the character of the forest industry and forest utilization in the Nordic countries, Jacob Donner-Amnell The emergence of two national concepts and their convergence toward a common Nordic regime in the global forest industry, Christer Peterson From national to global agenda: the expansion of Norske Skog 1962-2003, BjA,rnar SA|ther. Part V: Conclusions: Comparing the forest regimes in the Conifer North, Jacob Donner-Amnell, Ari Aukusti Lehtinen and BjA,rnar SA|ther Index.


Sequential synthesis of rutile modification titanium oxide particles on reduced graphene oxide in supercritical isopropanol is described. In this case, only graphene oxide was reduced to reduced graphene oxide. A one-stage method (one-pot) was also developed for the preparation of rutile particles on reduced graphene oxide, where supercritical isopropanol was the graphene oxide reducing agent and the reaction medium. The resulting composites were studied using X-ray phase analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force spectroscopy methods.


Hotel on the south east coast of Zanzibar, set in a large natural area with access to gardens, forests and powder white beaches.\nFacilities and services include a pool, gym, massages, a small shop, internet access and a laundry (extra charges may apply).\n\nThe..


The study by Stefanadis et al. in this issue indicates that treatment with a variety of statins reduces the release of heat from atherosclerotic plaques in the human coronary artery. This observation suggests that statins exert a beneficial effect on the inflammatory process that exists in the vascular wall in a variety of acute coronary syndromes. The finding that this effect was most pronounced in patients with acute myocardial infarction subject to primary angioplasty within 6 h of onset of pain and least in exertional angina patients with in-between values for unstable angina, indicates further that the antiinflammatory action of statins is most pronounced in individuals where the active process is most likely to exist. These findings correspond to other reports in which statin therapy reduces other signs of inflammation such as C-reactive proteins. A direct action on infiltrating macrophages is thereby suggested, leading to the supposition that plaque stabilization is achieved, a theory also underlying the clinically demonstrated efficacy of this type of therapy in the large scale CARE and MCRC/BHF trials. It is of interest to note that cholesterol levels changed little in the Greek patients. Whether this makes thermography a method to detect such lesions, with an eye on specific plaque oriented-therapy, is another matter. The authors reflect on some of the technical limitations that this method is subject to. In particular, the localization of the thermistor tip, verified in part by IVUS and angiography, may be questionable, the more so since it is now generally accepted that the atherosclerotic process occurs more diffusely in the coronary artery wall. So, exactly where is the inflammation? The observations in the ENCORE and TREND trials where after acetylcholine provo-


The definition of the accurate positioning technique in a small area within a large scope is introduced in this paper.The technique is classified according to the application field,components which are used for data or signal acquisition,and the positioning scale,etc.Some typical positioning techniques,including positioning principle,positioning algorithm,data processing,and positioning precision,are represented.And the features of them are also given,including the current positioning precision,technical advantages and disadvantages,etc.Finally,some possible development trends of the "accurate positioning technique in a small area within a large scope"are discussed according to the factors that limit the development of the positioning technique.


The paper expounds the intention of the heat indication test of the steam turbine unit, and its application in the power plant, also analyses the experimental data and calculates the experimental heat and steam loss of the unit. Through the analysis and summaries of the instance, it proves that the heat indication test undertakes really important effect for the safe and economic operation of the thermal power plant.


Glucose uptake by the Sertoli cells of the testes is essential for spermatogenesis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) alters the uptake and utilization of glucose by the testicular cells. This manifests as one of the causes of male subfertility/infertility in diabetes mellitus. With onset of complications even before diagnosis, especially in developing countries, there may be need for therapy beyond the standard therapy. Five normal and twenty diabetic male rats were assigned into groups as follows; normal control had five normal rats with access to food and water only. DM group had five diabetic rats with no treatment. DM and insulin group had five diabetic rats and given subcutaneous insulin twice daily. DM and zinc group had five diabetic rats and given 10mg/kg oral zinc. The final group had five diabetic rats and given both insulin and zinc as above. Treatments in all cases only commenced after fourteen days. Testes were harvested after ten days of treatment for assay. DM decreased both glucose and lactate in the testes. Insulin and zinc improved the uptake of glucose and its utilization as evident in increased production of lactate.


This chapter introduces the distinction between normative internalism and normative externalism, and introduces the kinds of arguments that will appear throughout the book. The main worked example in the chapter concerns uncertainty about the correct rule for decision-making. It is shown that trying to find a rule for decision-making that is sensitive to one's uncertainty about what the right rule for decision-making is will lead to vicious regresses. The chapter also discusses historical and contemporary views that have anticipated or motivated the views put forward in Normative Externalism, and discusses why the term 'externalism' is being applied to yet another philosophical view.


It has been shown that an objective measurement of fragmentation is possible, leading to an alternative method for planning arrhythmia surgery. Although initial trials are based on limited statistical data, the results appear promising. Future refinements would include the choice of an optimal coherence template and fuzzy set membership functions on the basis of a significant number of controlled trials.


The participation of a cofactor was confirmed in the biological formation of formaldehyde and dimethylamine from trimethylamine oxide. The cofactor is of heat-tolerant nature and occurs not only in the tissue of cod-like fish, but also in the shark liver not having the enzyme concerned.


The main object of the present paper is to derive some results for multivalent analytic functions defined by linear operator by using differential subordination and superordination


The overall driving cycle efficiency of conventional permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) for electric vehicle tractions in a wide speed range is constrained due to the large field weakening current and high iron loss in high speed. The series hybrid permanent magnet variable flux machines (HPM-VFMs) which employ both low coercive force (LCF) magnets and high coercive force magnets are proposed to obtain high torque density and flexible air-gap flux density simultaneously. The key of HPM-VFMs design is the accuracy of hysteresis model of LCF magnets and operating principle analysis. This article contributes to clarify operating principle based on hysteresis model of AlNiCo magnets and propose a novel design consideration to reduce magnetizing and demagnetizing current. Based on the theoretical analysis, this article proposes a novel series HPM-VFM, in which the NdFeB and AlNiCo magnets are arranged separately. Furthermore, flux paths are designed to achieve appropriate interaction between two kinds of magnets. The proposed machine has features of wide magnetization state (MS) variation range, low magnetizing and demagnetizing current, and low risk of unintentional demagnetization. By manipulating the MS of the proposed machine, the losses of a wide speed range operation could be reduced. The comparison of efficiency maps and the worldwide-harmonized light vehicles test cycle driving cycle losses between the proposed machine and a conventional interior PMSM proves that the proposed machine achieves higher efficiency for electric vehicle.


No research has been conducted on college students in developmental mathematics classes struggling with both mathematics anxiety and computer anxiety in a qualitative manner. Prior studies have dealt with college students in developmental mathematics classes struggling with mathematics anxiety and college students in developmental mathematics classes struggling with computer anxiety. The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of students taking developmental mathematics who self-report both mathematics anxiety and computer anxiety. The theory guiding this study was the social cognitive theory by Bandura (1986) as modeling is a key component in the learning of mathematics, especially in a social, computer classroom setting. A purposive sampling of students in developmental mathematics classes located in a Central Virginia university was asked to complete both the Abbreviated Mathematics Anxiety Scale (AMAS) and the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS). The participants who volunteered took part in an open-ended semi-structured interview, which gathered common themes and rich descriptions of the phenomenon of experiencing mathematics anxiety and computer anxiety.


The potential anticlastogenic and antitoxic effects of a soil humic acid (HA), a peat HA and a peat fulvic acid (FA) on the mutagen maleic hydrazide (MH) have been investigated in two legume species, Vicia faba and Pisum sativum. Both HAs and FA were tested at two different concentrations, 20 and 200 mg l−1, either alone or after 24‐hour interaction with 10 mg l−1 of MH before addition to the legume seeds. Anticlastogenicity, i.e. an antimutagenic action defined as the capacity for minimizing chromosome breakages, was evaluated by counting both micronuclei (MN) and aberrant anatelophases (AAT) in root‐tip cells. Length and dry weight of the seedling primary root were measured to test the antitoxic activity of HA and FA on MH. The possible occurrence and extent of adsorption or desorption of MH onto or from HA were also investigated. The two species responded differently to the anticlastogenic tests, with V. faba showing a greater number of MN and AAT anomalies than P. sativum. Peat HA and FA exhibited anticlastogenic and antitoxic activities of similar intensity and greater than those of soil HA. The adsorption capacity of both HAs for MH was small, thus suggesting that adsorption is not a major mechanism responsible for the reduction of clastogenicity and antitoxicity of MH by HA.


In the current context of increasing short-channel marketing alternatives, it is worth exploring short-channel
feasibility in the forest sector.
This work deals with direct channel potential for producing revenue from timber sales that for reasons of
volume or quality cannot be marketed through conventional channels.
Several marketing opportunities are studied and ranked. On the basis of a case study, this article then
describes a set of potential product ranges using a technical and economic feasibility study covering the
complete process from the logging stage to the marketing of the final product.
Results show that such an activity is possible providing the forest owner or manager is willing to invest both
effort and money. More generally, short channels offer perspectives that are worth exploring.


A silicified seed cone of Oligocene age from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington represents a new species of Pinus. The cone was about 8 cm long and 3 cm at its widest diameter in the living condition. Its scale apices are thickened and each has a dorsal umbo. Internal cone construction confirms the assignment of the new species to Pinus and suggests affinity with the subsections Australes and Ponderosae of the section Pinus, subgenus Pinus. The cone is peculiar in having a stout bract trace that is slightly concave on its adaxial side and in having resin canals that diverge from the axial secretory system toward the bract but constrict markedly and terminate before entering the bract. THE NEW SPECIES described in this report is based on a single silicified specimen found in one of many rounded silt-sandstone boulders that occur on the beach near the mouth of Jansen Creek along the northern edge of the Olympic Peninsula. These boulders come from the Oligocene Twin Bridges Formation (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913) which is exposed at the inland edge of the beach. Boulders like those lying loose on the beach occur in place in these exposures. The single specimen (Fig. 1) was found by Mr. William Buchanan of Clallam Bay, Washington, and the new species is named in his honor. While the specimen consists of less than half of the original cone, its cellular structure is well preserved permitting anatomical description and comparison with other fossil and modern cones.


This paper investigates the impact of managerial overconfidence on innovation investment and type based on the data of manufacturing and information industry listed companies from 2007—2012. Empirical results show that managerial overconfidence has a significant positive effect on technology innovation investment; overconfident managers will choose exploitative innovation.


This study tested the reliability and validity of the Carolina Opinions on Care of Older Adults (COCOA) survey compared with the Geriatric Assessment Survey (GAS). Participants were first year medical students (n = 160). A Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) measurement model for COCOA had a moderately strong fit that was significantly better than the null model (GFI = 0.81, TLI = 0.90) and the GAS (GFI = 0.76). A reduced, 24-item COCOA performed well (GFI = 0.90, TLI = 1.00) with R 2 = .595 on five factors. The COCOA and GAS represent complementary instruments for assessing attitudes towards older adults.


The brick resistance was tested in the paper by direct method, and according to some indirect procedures presented in international literature and regulations. Requirements for indirect estimation of brick resistance to freeze / thaw cycles set by Canadian and U.S. standards have proven to be inapplicable, and the same applies to estimation based on pore structure. A connection between absorption/ desorption of water and brick resistance to freeze/thaw cycles was observed.


How soil is used affects its production characteristics in the future. Under ARD (Apple Replant Disease) conditions, replanted soil's physical, chemical and biological properties deteriorate. Their improvement is possible through, for example, increasing the content of organic matter in the soil. The study aimed to assess the effect of two organic additives for replanted soil on its physical, chemical and biological properties, as well as on the vegetative growth of apple trees of the 'Gala Schniga SchniCo(s)' cultivar grafted on M.9 rootstock. The experiment was performed in 2021, in western Poland, on a nursery farm. The trees were planted in pots filled with soil from two stations: soil previously used for the production of apple trees (replanted soil) and nursery material (agricultural soil) unused for production so far. To fertilise it, three different portions of biocarbon and Carbomat Eco soil conditioner were added to the replanted soil. The experiment showed that apple trees grown on replanted soil had fewer side shoots, a smaller leaf area and a lower mass of leaves than those grown on agricultural soil. Furthermore, supplementation of replanted soil with organic additives caused a significant increase in its enzymatic activity and respiration, increased the rate of photosynthesis and improved several parameters determining the strength of vegetative growth in apple trees.


The MUNIX technique allows us to estimate the number and size of surviving motor units (MUs). Previous studies on ALS found correlations between MUNIX and several clinical measures, but its potential role as a predictor of disease progression rate (DPR) has not been thoroughly evaluated to date. We aimed to investigate MUNIX's ability to predict DPR at a six-month follow up. Methods: 24 ALS patients with short disease duration (<24 months from symptoms' onset) were enrolled and divided according to their baseline DPR into two groups (normal [DPR-N] and fast [DPR-F] progressors). MUNIX values were obtained from five muscles (TA, APB, ADM, FDI, Trapezius) and averaged for each subject. Results: MUNIX was found to predict DPR at follow up in a multivariable linear regression model; namely, patients with lower MUNIX values were at risk of showing greater DPR scores at follow up. The result was replicated in a simple logistic regression analysis, with the dichotomic category "MUNIX-Low" as the independent variable and the outcome "DPR-F" as the dependent variable. Conclusions: our results pave the way for the use of the MUNIX method as a prognostic tool in early ALS, enabling patients' stratification according to their rates of future decline.


Agricultural crops present phenological stages of less susceptibility to soil water deficit, in which the deficit irrigation management strategy can be used. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the influence of deficit irrigation management during different stages of development in three soybean cultivars in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the southern cerrado of Piauí. The research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021, in the municipality of Uruçuí-PI (with geographic coordinates of 07º 13' 46" S, 44º 33' 22" W), under an experimental design of randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, where the treatments, composed in the plots, were defined according to the time of induction of the water deficit of 50% of the crop's potential evapotranspiration - ETpc, via climate, in three soybean phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and production formation), and the subplots, were composed of three cultivars (FT 4191; FT 3181 and BG 478 IPRO), with three replications. In order to verify the effects of the imposed treatments, the following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves and total dry mass of the aerial part. Variables were maintained for statistical analysis by Tukey's test (cultivars) and Scott-Knott's test (deficient irrigation treatments). The vegetative characteristics of the investigated soybean cultivars (plant height, number of leaves and shoot dry mass production) are drastically affected when the imposition of water deficit (50% of ETpc) is induced throughout the production cycle. Under such water conditions, the FT 4181 and 3191 IPRO cultivars stood out among the investigated cultivars, thus being identified as the most tolerant to reduced water availability in their different phenological stages.


The invention relates to the technical field of water well repairing, in particular to a cable transmission drillable type water source well leaking stoppage method. The cable transmission drillable type water source well leaking stoppage method comprises the steps that according to the situations of sand gushing and effluent salt water of a problem water well, a logging truck is used in cooperation with a downhole television to find the position of a leakage point of the problem water well, the damage situation of the leakage point is determined, and meanwhile the hole diameter of the problem water well is measured. The cable transmission drillable type water source well leaking stoppage method improves the transmission speed, can achieve leaking stoppage of water wells with the depth being smaller than 200 meters, can achieve repeated operation on the water wells, achieves the purpose of repeated leaking stoppage repairing operations on the same water well, improves the well repairing success rate, prolongs the service life of the water well, relives the labor intensity of well repairing, and reduces the well repairing cost.


The present invention provides a cosmetic composition for skin whitening and wrinkle reduction containing fucoxanthin which is separated and refined from microalgae phaeodactylum tricornutum or isochrysis aff. Galbana and to a manufacturing method thereof.


In this paper the theory of the unilateral inverse Fourier transform and the unilateral Hankel transform is developed. The consistency between each transform and its bilateral version leads to an approximate real-part sufficiency condition for complex-valued one-dimensional even signals and two-dimensional circularly symmetric signals. The two-dimensional result is used in a reconstruction algorithm that is applied to synthetic -and experimental underwater acoustic fields.


Marine mammals are sentient beings whose lives are influenced by their auditory experiences. To date there is a considerable body of work assessing the impact of ship noise on marine mammals and other marine species. However, less interest has been shown in the ability of marine mammals to detect the underwater radiated noise of a ship. Also there has been less consideration of the extent to which the marine mammals could detect the various characteristics of the sound to determine the nature of the originator of the noise. Using measured ship noise and known environmental conditions, this paper employs published sonar equation methods to address the question as to whether marine mammals can hear and identify ships at long range.


Perception of object continuity depends on establishing correspondence between objects viewed across disruptions in visual information. Several researchers have claimed that object correspondence is based only on spatiotemporal information (Kahneman et al., 1992); other studies suggest that surface features may also play a role in guiding object continuity (e.g., Hollingworth & Franconeri, 2009). This study examined whether surface features can be used to establish object correspondence when spatiotemporal information is ambiguous, using the object-reviewing paradigm. We manipulated spatiotemporal congruency (Experiment 1) and color congruency under conditions of spatiotemporal ambiguity and spatiotemporal discontinuity (Experiments 2-3). Object-specific preview benefit was observed only for unambiguous spatiotemporal information (consistent trajectory under occlusion; Experiment 1), but not for spatiotemporal ambiguity (unpredictable trajectory under occlusion; Experiment 2) and spatiotemporal discontinuity (Experiment 3). These results suggest that surface features cannot be used to establish object correspondence even when spatiotemporal information is ambiguous, thus supporting the view that object correspondence is based only on spatiotemporal information.


In this paper we introduce a novel platform for dense 3D modelling. This platform is an active image acquisition setup assisted with a set of light sources and a distance sensor. The hardware setup is designed for being mounted on a mobile robot which is remotely driven to create accurate dense 3D models from out-of-reach objects. For this reason, the object is actively illuminated by the imaging setup and Photometric Stereo is used to recover the dense 3D model. The proposed image acquisition setup, called LightPanel, is described from design to calibration and discusses the practical challenges of using Photometric Stereo under uncontrolled lighting conditions.


AbstractThis study evaluates the use of a composite material composed of multiaxial hybrid glass-fibers and polypropylene fabric coated in a hydraulic lime-based mortar (referred to as textile-rein...


Cognitive agents are typically utilized in autonomous systems for automated decision making. These systems interact at real time with their environment and are generally heavily power constrained. Thus, there is a strong need for a real time agent running on a low power platform. The agent examined is the Cognitively Enhanced Complex Event Processing (CECEP) architecture. This is an autonomous decision support tool that reasons like humans and enables enhanced agent-based decision-making. It has applications in a large variety of domains including autonomous systems, operations research, intelligence analysis, and data mining. One of the most time consuming and key components of CECEP is the mining of knowledge from a repository described as a Cognitive Domain Ontology (CDO). Given the number of possible solutions in the problems tasked to CDOs, determining the optimal solutions can be very time consuming. In this work we show how problems that are often solved using CDOs can be carried out using spiking neurons. Furthermore, this work discusses using the Intel Loihi manycore spiking neural network processor to solve CDOs using a technique inspired by a confabulation network. This work demonstrates the feasibility of implementing CDOs on embedded, low power, neuromorphic spiking hardware.


Contents: Workshop overview; Most significant change by Jess Dart; Utilization focused evaluation & Outcome mapping by Sarah Earl; Gender evaluation methodology by Chat Garcia


The invention discloses a control command generating method, which is used for saving electric energy resources. The method comprises the following steps: detecting whether first electronic equipment enters a second state from a first state, wherein the power consumption of the first state is larger than the power consumption of the second state; and generating a control command when the first electronic equipment enters the second state from the first state, wherein the control command is used for indicating second electronic equipment to enter a fourth state from a third state, and the power consumption of the third state is larger than the power consumption of the fourth state. The invention also discloses a state transition method and two types of electronic equipments.


The Costas-loop is commonly used in BPSK demodulation. But it is very difficulty to implement the low-pass-filter for a high frequency carrier. This paper analyzes the Costas-loop as a phase-trackingarchitecture and proposes a new BPSK demodulation scheme that uses a half-rate bang-bang phase-detector.


analysis (Fig. I). 3a is the first example of a (a-diphosphene as a ligand of a mononuclear carbonylmetal complex. It should be noted that P1, P2, Cr, and CI are coplanar, whereas the dihedral angle Cl-PI-P2-CIO is 12.1". The bond distance PI-Cr (2.354 A) is shorter than that for pentacarbonyl(tripheny1phosphane)chromium (2.422 A)"]. In the absence of these transition metals, the energy barrier for the isomerization of diphosphene (HP=PH) is considerable, the rotational transition state being preferred to the inversion transition state (Fig. 2). On complexation, however, the rotational barrier could be lowered both sterically and electronically.


During field studies in River Mincio, northern Italy, populations of the aquatic megadrile Sparganophilus tamesis Benham, 1892 were discovered, the worms being particularly abundant among the roots of Vallisneria spiralis L. This finding represents the first record of Sparganophilidae in Italy. A morphological account, with photographs of worms and cocoons, as well as field and laboratory remarks on density, behaviour and habitat, are provided. The view of S. tamesis being senior synonym to S. eiseni Smith, 1895 is favoured, as is the hypothesis of the arrival and spreading of Sparganophilus in Europe amongst the roots of water plants.


In role-based control (RBAC), roles have the permissions. A user must be granted one of the roles to acquire the corresponding access right. Through introducing group, we can sort different users who owned the same role into a group and give right to this group instead of having different users with individual right. In this way, it can lessen the workload. We implemented this mode by the technology of EJB-CMP/CMR in J2EE platform.


Abstract The authors aim to provide a set of tools to facilitate the main stages of the competitive bidding process for construction contractors. These involve 1) deciding whether to bid, 2) calculating the total price, and 3) breaking down the total price into the items of the bill of quantities or the schedule of payments to optimise contractor cash flows. To define factors that affect the decision to bid, the authors rely upon literature on the subject and put forward that multi-criteria methods are applied to calculate a single measure of contract attractiveness (utility value). An attractive contract implies that the contractor is likely to offer a lower price to increase chances of winning the competition. The total bid price is thus to be interpolated between the lowest acceptable and the highest justifiable price based on the contract attractiveness. With the total bid price established, the next step is to split it between the items of the schedule of payments. A linear programming model is proposed for this purpose. The application of the models is illustrated with a numerical example. The model produces an economically justified bid price together with its breakdown, maintaining the logical proportion between unit prices of particular items of the schedule of payment. Contrary to most methods presented in the literature, the method does not focus on the trade-off between probability of winning and the price but is solely devoted to defining the most reasonable price under project-specific circumstances. The approach proposed in the paper promotes a systematic approach to real-life bidding problems. It integrates practices observed in operation of construction enterprises and uses directly available input. It may facilitate establishing the contractor's in-house procedures and managerial decision support systems for the pricing process.


Heuristics are often used in forest planning due to the size and nonlinear structure of many problems. Heuristics have been used at all levels of forest planning: strategic, tactical, and operational. An important strength of heuristics is their ability to capture the essence of the planning problem. The solution methods for forest-planning problems reflect the wide range of problems being solved, from rule-based systems to network-based algorithms, linear programming (LP)-heuristic combinations, as well as the more recent metaheuristics (simulated annealing, threshold accepting, tabu search, and genetic algorithms). The major barriers to solving planning problems have moved from hardware and software to costs of data capture, reliability, and uncertainty. Advances in data-capturing technologies will help. Trained and experienced people are important to the success of heuristic applications.


The invention discloses a passive hydrogen clock digital servo system based on an FPGA. An analog-digital converter is used for transforming an error detection voltage signal into digital quantity from analogue quantity, feeding to a signal processing FPGA to compare and compute; the signal processing FPGA is used for generating a 4FSK signal and conveying into a direct digital frequency synthesizer to carry out FSK modulation; a frequency multiplier is used for multiplying an input base frequency signal and then providing to the signal processing FPGA to generate a clock signal, a proportional signal, a modulation signal, a blanking signal and a blanking phase control signal; a first digital-to-analogue converter is used for transforming a resonator frequency control signal into the analogue quantity from the digital quantity; and a second digital-to-analogue converter is used for transforming a voltage-controlled crystal frequency signal into the analogue quantity from the digital quantity.


Operations which are primarily based on procedures and which are designed to monitor conformance to these procedures can be considered to be procedure-oriented. Workers or operators in such environments tend to replace the cumbersome procedures with informal heuristics which, while enabling them to achieve higher efficiency in their operations, also increase the possibility or errors as well as introduce inconsistencies in decision making among the operators. An approach incorporating methods of knowledge acquisition from procedures and methods of capturing, consolidating and modeling procedure-related heuristics can assist in the development of knowledge based systems which can both achieve the efficiency gains and minimize errors and inconsistencies.<<ETX>>


Chemiluminescence (CL) was generated when mineral oils, lubricants, and synthetic hydrocarbons wer autoxidized at elevated temperature. CL intensity measurements were useful as a rapid method for evaluation of relative oxidative stabilities, and CL spectra served to differentiate and fingerprint hydrocarbon materials. Mineral oils which had been more severely refined to achieve a higher oxidative stability gave lower CL intensity. CL spectra and spectral changes with time were useful to differentiate oils according to their crude sources. CL measurements required less time than the conventional oxidation tests and a good agreement with ASTM D943 oxidation test could be shown. CL was also useful in monitoring and assessing service life left in used lubricants.


Somatostatin (SST), a neuropeptide involved in the central modulation of several physiological functions, is co‐distributed in the same hypothalamic areas as kisspeptin (KP), the most potent secretagogue of the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion known to date. Because SST infused i.c.v. evoked a potent inhibition of GnRH release, we explored the neuroanatomical relationships between KP and SST populations in male and female rats. Accordingly, intact males and ovariectomised oestradiol‐replaced females were killed and their brains processed aiming to simultaneously detect KP, SST and synapsin, a marker for synapses. We observed numerous appositions of KP on SST neurones both in the female and male arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ventromedial hypothalamus. A large association between SST terminals and KP neurones at the level of the pre‐optic area was also observed in female rats and in a more limited frame in males. Finally, most KP neurones from the ARC showed SST appositions in both sexes. To determine whether SST could affect KP cell activity, we assessed whether SST receptors (SSTR) were present on KP neurones in the ARC. We also looked for the presence of SSTR1 and SSTR2A in the brain of male rats. Brains were processed using a sequential double immunocytochemistry aiming to detect KP and SSTR1 or KP and SSTR2A. We observed overlapping distributions of immunoreactive neurones for SSTR1 and KP and counted approximately one‐third of KP neurones with SSTR1. By contrast, neurones labelled for SSTR2A or KP were often juxtaposed in the ARC and the occurrence of double‐labelled neurones was sporadic (< 5%). These results suggest that the action of SST on KP neurones would pass mainly through SSTR1 at the level of the ARC.


Gangliosides shed by tumor cells exert potent inhibitory effects on cellular immune responses. Here we have studied ganglioside inhibition of APC function. When human monocytes were preincubated in 50 (cid:1) M highly purified ganglioside G D1a , pulsed with tetanus toxoid (TT), and washed, the expected Ag-induced proliferative response of autologous normal T cells added to these monocytes was inhibited by 81%. Strikingly, there was also almost complete (92%) and selective inhibition of the up-regulation of the monocyte costimulatory molecule CD80, while I-CAM-1, LFA-3, HLA-DR, and CD86 expression were unaffected. Purified LPS-stimulated monocytes that had been preincubated in G D1a likewise showed inhibition of CD80 up-regulation (59%) as well as down-regulation of CD40 (54%) and impaired release of IL-12 and TNF- (cid:2) (reduced by 59 and 51%). G D1a -preincubated human dendritic cells (DC) were also affected. They had reduced constitutive expression of CD40 (33%) and CD80 (61%), but not CD86, and marked inhibition of release of IL-6 (72%), IL-12 (70%), and TNF- (cid:2) (46%). Even when pulsed with TT, these ganglioside-preincubated DC remained deficient in costimulatory molecule expression and cytokine secretion and were unable to induce a normal T cell proliferative response to TT. Finally, significant inhibition of nuclear localization of NF- (cid:3) B proteins in activated DC suggests that disruption of NF- (cid:3) B activation may be one mechanism contributing to ganglioside interference with APC expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine secretion, which, in turn, may diminish antitumor immune responses. The Journal of


A series of 4-arylidenamino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols have been synthesised and their inclusion complexes have been prepared with β-cyclodextrin. The compounds and their inclusion complexes have been characterised by studying their physical and spectral properties. The thermodynamic stability constant and free energy of activation have been determined to know the stability of inclusion complexes. Finally, the compounds and their inclusion complexes are screened for antibacterial, antioxidant and anthelmintic activities. It is found that inclusion complexes of the newly synthesised compounds have appreciable stability and inclusion complex formation increases the antibacterial, antioxidant and anthelmintic activities significantly as compared to naked compound.


Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have to adapt more and more to dynamic environments, to be able to meet the needs and challenges of the 21st century and beyond. Therefore it is necessary to design software which optimizes the behavior in changing environments. One approach for self-adaptation in a multi-robot scenario was developed and evaluated by Andreas Mütter, Ece Tanova, and Julian Weick in the practical course Smart Self-Adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems–A Road towards Autonomous Systems (SSACPS) during the summer term 2019 [1]. The goal of this practical course was to make a set of robots collaborate and to do this adaptively, for example, by adjusting the behavior of the robots to the run-time changes in the environment that could not be specified during design time. In our use case, a set of two cleaning robots is supposed to collaborate and self-adapt in order to clean (or complete tasks) in a given map as efficient as possible [2]. The implementation of the adaptation logic as part of the practical course consisted of several modules based on a shared knowledge base, covering different levels of behavior, such as best-first search and collaboration via entropy repulsion. The entropy repulsion allows the robots to work nearby if the tasks are in proximity, or it separates the agents when the tasks are widely distributed in the space. Further, modules to emphasize the exploration of unseen areas, learning/predicting of new task appearance, and task importance indication via clustering have been additionally implemented. The overall attractiveness of a task (or area to explore) is the weighted sum of the abovedescribed modules:


This paper describes the design of model predictive control (MPC) for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used to track objects of interest identified by a real-time camera vision (CV) module in a search and track (SAT) autonomous system. A fully functional UAV payload is introduced, which includes an infra-red (IR) camera installed in a two-axis gimbal system. Hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulations are performed to test the MPC's performance in the SAT system, where the gimbal attitude and the UAV's flight trajectory are optimized to place the object to be tracked in the center of the IR camera's image.


The present invention relates to a sputtering apparatus and the sputtering method. The third tubular invention, and the first cylindrical target part, that is the first installation and the second cylindrical target portions that are provided so as to face the cylindrical target part, so as to be opposed to the first cylindrical target part and the second cylindrical target portion and a target portion, the first cylindrical target part, the second cylindrical target portion and the third being arranged to face the cylindrical target portions fourth cylindrical target portion and said first cylindrical target disposed opposite to each other part, the second cylindrical two of the target portion and the third cylindrical target portion and the fourth cylindrical target part to function as a different electrode, a power supply for applying a power.


Much research effort has recently been devoted to the design and implementation of high linearity feed-forward power amplifier for wireless communication systems. This paper presents two novel DSP (digital signal processing) algorithms that can substantially improve the tracking performances of the adaptive control loops. Both computer simulation and experimental results are included for verification.


This paper discusses the need for a radical technological change in the production of iron and steel and suggests the salient features that should be addressed. Five new direct smelting steelmaking systems have been compared with blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace route. These are the ELRED process the INRED process, the SKF Plasmasmelt process, the McDowell-Wellman process, and a converter smelting process. 20 refs.


A simple approach forcoating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) withsilver nanoparticles wasdeveloped inthis work, aiming toenhance theelectrical conductivity ofCNTs.TocoatAg nanoparticles onCNTs(Ag@CNTs)effectively, CNTswere treated usingballmilling withaddition of ammonium bicarbonate, followed byreduction ofsilver ionsinN,Ndimethylformamide (DMF). Transmission electron microscope (TEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)wereemployed to characterize thechanges ofCNT surface andloading ofAgon CNTs,respectively. ThentheAg@CNTswereemployed as conductive fillers in epoxyresinto getconductive nanocomposites. Theelectrical andmechanical properties of thenanocomposites wereinvestigated andcompared with those containing pristine CNTs(P-CNTs). Itwasfoundthat theelectrical conductivity ofnanocomposites containing Ag@CNTswassignificantly higher thanthose containing PCNTs,confirming theadvantage oftheAg@CNTs as effective conductive filler. Themechanical properties were similar between those nanocomposites containing Ag@CNTs andP-CNTs. Theimplications ofthefindings onelectrical and mechanical properties werediscussed regarding perspective applications ofthis conductive filler inelectrical packaging


Postradiation pneumonitis is one of the most frequent complications after X-ray therapy. The frequency of occurrence varies from 15.4 till 61% of cases, and in 3.7% of patients the disease is the cause of the death. This is conditioned by the fact that pulmonary tissue has low tolerance to radiation which leads to the damage of pulmonary parenchyma. In modern literature there are not enough data and recommendations about the treatment of the patients with postradiation pneumonitis. The presented clinical case of late postradiation pneumonitis allowed to have accurate differential diagnostics. The disease imitated influenza-like syndrome, pneumonia, tuberculosis with pleuritis; these diagnoses were denied after a careful study. With the help of computer-aided tomography, thin structural changes of pulmonary parenchyma and of the bronchial tree were revealed. The course of systemic corticosteroids helped to stabilize the response of the damaged pulmonary tissue.


To determine terpenoid profile of Solanum villosum using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique. 2cl of test solution and 2cl of standard solution was loaded as 6mm band length in the 3 x 10 Silica gel 60F254 TLC plate using Hamilton syringe and CAMAG LINOMAT 5 instrument. The extract was run along with the standard terpenoid compound and it was observed that the extract showed the presence of terpenoid and it was confirmed from the chromatogram after derivatization. The Rf value of the different compounds present in the extract was found to 0.04,0.21,0.27,0.55,0.59,0.65,0.75,0.80,0.90 and 0.94 of peak 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 respectively. Among them, peaks 2, 6, 7 and 10 were found to be terpenoid compounds. It can be concluded that HPTLC analysis of ethanolic leaf extract of Solanum villosum (Mill) can be used as a diagnostic tool for the correct identification of the plant and it is useful as a phytochemical marker and also a good estimator of genetic variability in plant populations.


Rheumatic diseases collectively are complex disorders, often with multifactorial origins ranging from genetic risk factors to viral triggers. In many cases, the exact pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Treatment response is often difficult to predict, and significant research is currently being undertaken to investigate new avenues for potential novel therapies. Immunometabolism, the study of the interface between immunological and metabolic processes, represents one such avenue at the forefront of this research and links cellular metabolism with the various changes in immunophenotypes observed across a variety of rheumatic disorders. Abnormal mitochondrial function and dysregulation of energy metabolism has been proposed as a potential mechanism for Our Editor's Pick for this eJournal is the review paper by Thomas McDonnell et al. exploring the potential of immunometabolism in the context of pathogenesis of, and treatment for, a range of rheumatic diseases. This cutting-edge research holds promise for patients across the world. We hope you enjoy reading it as much as we did. Authors: Chris Wincup,1 George Robinson,1 Shi-Nan Luong,1,2 *Thomas McDonnell1 1. Department of Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London,


The purpose of this Masters thesis is to investigate if gender stereotypes are mediated to children between 0-3 years through books suitable for their age. This thesis concerns books that are avail ...


The sequence of analgesic therapy for cancer pain should follow the WHO ladder regimen. Managing cancer pain with drug therapy provides the best results for the patients by using the combination of opioids, NSAIDs, and adjuvant analgesics. The selection or the combination of the drugs depends on the intensity, quality, and other characteristics of the pain. When the cancer pain is classified as neuropathic pain, we should use antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, or/and anti-arrhythmic drug.


C-afferent nociceptors extending into epithelium Biologic Issues in Neuroproliferative Vestibulodynia Polymorphisms in genes coding for IL-1 receptor antagonist, and interleukin 1 beta Decreased interferon-alpha Elevated tumor necrosis factor, TNF, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and heparanase Increased mast cells limited to the vestibular mucosa (endodermal embryology) Persistent inflammation leading to proliferation of C-afferent nociceptors


There are many shortcomings in the traditional logistics business. At the same time, the vehicle scheduling is unreasonable. A logistics management system based on the Internet of Things is proposed for the logistics to the era of big data. The basis of hardware support is the Internet of Things technology, which uses tags to collect data, uses wireless networks to transmit data to servers, and combines with GPS navigation to achieve real-time vehicle behavior. Monitoring, thus completing logistics and transportation, and further achieving intelligent management.


The Zainza area,a high and cold prairie area in south Qiangtang,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is covered with typical plateau vegetations.According to the hydrological conditions ,vegetation species and landform characters,seven grassland types and two zones of woody plants are distinguished.The ecological system in northern Tibet is extremely weak.Plateau vegetations and wetland are now facing severe damage,degeneration and desertification.The biological chain is seriously out of harmony.Rats and hares reproduce in large quantity because of almost no natural enemies.Analysis shows that the main factors of the degen-eration of vegetations and wetland are the high altitude and coldness,shortage of water,plague of rats and overgrazing.The proportion between the annual precipitation and annual evaporation in the Zainza area is about 1∶9.The water supply system of wetland and vegetations has been damaged seriously,resulting in ex-tensive shrinkage of grassland and formation of ring-shaped grassland degeneration zone.It is generally ac-cepted that the deterioration trend of the grassland in northern Tibet is irreversible.However,the degener-ation rate of the grassland can be slowed down by some effective measures such as elimination of the plague of rats,improvement of the breed of livestock and raising of economic benefits.


This essay analyzes and explains the importance of Public Administration in a Liberal Society and a State governed by Law. Liberalism is a paradigm of human life which covers aspects such as ideology, institutions and a system of mutual convenience. Thus, Public Administration provides principles, basis and practices to support its public and political goals, according to positive and humanistic values of liberalism. In this regard, Public Administration aims to achieve welfare in issues such as public liberties, democracy, efficiency and citizenship which are the reasons that validate its social and political existence.


Between the first and the second volume of The History of Sexuality there is a gap of eight years in which Foucault did not publish anything except interviews. Analyzing some of those interviews, the article reconstructs the reasons that lead Foucault to abandon the thematization of power's constraints imposed on the subject and start to elaborate an ethics in which the subject can be rid of him or herself thorough a care of pleasure(s). Arguing how this change does not represent for Foucault a denying of his previous work but its evolution, the article shows that, despite Foucault's attempt to establish a discourse other than psychoanalysis, his ethics of sexuality unwittingly returns to the "force" that psychoanalysis recognizes as animating sexuality.


Wayfinding is the method by which humans orient and navigate in space, and particularly in built environments such as cities and complex buildings, including public libraries. In order to wayfind successfully in the built environment, humans need information provided by wayfinding systems and tools, for instance architectural cues, signs, and maps. This is true of all built environments, including public libraries, but the issue is all the more important in public libraries where users already enter with information needs and possibly anxiety, which may interfere with their ability to wayfind successfully. To facilitate user wayfinding, which in turn facilitates user information seeking, public library facilities need to be designed with consideration of users' wayfinding needs, along with their information-seeking and other library-specific needs. The public library facility design literature identifies the importance of understanding user wayfinding behavior and designing around it, and this dissertation is a step toward answering that call. A single-method pilot study utilized unobtrusive observation to investigate library users' initial wayfinding behavior from the two entrances of a medium-sized public library, with the data analyzed and displayed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software (Mandel, 2010). The pilot study found certain routes to be more popular than others and suggested that such information could be gathered relatively easily and then used by the library to improve the library's wayfinding system and for marketing of library materials in high-traffic areas. However, the pilot study's largest limitation, namely the inability to ascertain any user opinions regarding their wayfinding in the library, indicated the need for a multi-method case study approach, replicating the original unobtrusive observation and adding document review of the Library's wayfinding tools such as maps and signage, intensive interviews with library users, and an expert review of findings with library staff and a library wayfinding and signage expert to gain a more comprehensive view of library user wayfinding behavior. This dissertation follows a multi-method case study research design, guided by Passini's Conceptual Framework of Wayfinding, to investigate library user wayfinding behavior from the entrance of a medium-sized public library facility. The case study design includes unobtrusive observation of library user wayfinding behavior, document review of the library's wayfinding tools, intensive interviews with library users to discuss their views on wayfinding in public libraries, and an expert review of findings with library staff and a library wayfinding and signage expert to test the validity of research findings. The dissertation finds that users' wayfinding behavior is generally inconsistent over time as far as segments used to connect two given nodes, although high-traffic areas do show consistency of traffic levels. Also, of people connecting the same two…


The unimolecular decompositions of 5-methyl-7-trimethylsilylheptanenitrile (1) and 6-methyl-8-trimethylsilyloctanenitrile (2) complexed to "bare" Co+ cations have been investigated by means of tandem mass spectrometry. The Co+-mediated bond activations display a high degree of selectivity in that the major (>90%) neutral product formed is trimethylsilane. Regio- and diastereospecific labeling experiments were conducted to gain further insight into the mechanistic details, in particular, the unique regio- and stereoselectivity of the losses of trimethylsilane from 1/Co+ and 2/Co+, respectively. The reaction follows a clean 1,2-elimination process, in which the building blocks of the neutral HSiMe3 stem exclusively from activation of a C−H bond in the (ω − 1) position and the Si−C bond. The observed regiospecificity can only be accounted for by invoking a metal-ion-mediated cooperation of the SiMe3 and the CN groups in the course of the multistep reaction sequence. The examination of diastereospecifically l...


Background: Macrosomia is a serious public health problem worldwide, the underlying etiology and mechanism of macrosomia born to healthy mothers are still unclear. Abnormal lipid transport during pregnancy exerts potential and adverse impacts on fetus, our study aimed to assess associations between macrosomia and placental expression levels of lipid transport-related genes and umbilical cord blood lipid concentrations in healthy pregnancy.Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 38 macrosomia and 39 normal-birth-weight newborns in healthy pregnancy. Cord blood lipid levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, mRNA and protein expression levels of placental lipid transport-related factors were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Results: The single factor analysis showed that placental mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARα, PPARγ, FABPpm, LXRα, FABP3, FABP4 and FAT/CD36 were significantly higher and cord blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were significantly lower in macrosomia group. Further analysis found that placental PPARγ, FABP4 and FABP3 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, NEFA and triglycerides concentrations in macrosomia cord blood, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the logistic regression analysis showed that high placental PPARα (AOR=3.022; 95%CI:1.032-8.853) and FAT/CD36 (AOR=2.989; 95%CI:1.029-8.679) expression increased the risk of delivering macrosomia. Conclusions: The increase of PPARα and FAT/CD36 mRNA expression levels is associated with the occurrence of macrosomia, suggesting that they may be important regulators during placental lipid transport in macrosomia.


Background Due to its indolent nature, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing in global prevalence as a cause of pulmonary infections and are difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics. Here, we study the repurposing of clofazimine (CFZ) to treat NTM through expanded access in a single health system. Our main objectives are to describe the feasibility of accessing and analyzing expanded access data and to generate hypotheses regarding CFZ use in NTM treatment. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on patients within a single health system who had been approved for expanded access of clofazimine or who received it through an outside hospital for NTM treatment. Data were collected on patient baseline demographics, details of their NTM infection, concomitant therapies, and results as of 30 June 2021. Results A total of 55 patients were identified upon initial review as potentially receiving CFZ for NTM infection. After excluding 19 patients who did not initiate CFZ, data from the remaining 36 patients were collected and summarized. The median age at which patients were diagnosed with NTM was 51.3 years old, with a median BMI of 21.2 kg/m2. Patients were more likely to be female (64%), have a baseline lung disease (72%), and 52% were current or former smokers at the time of their diagnosis. The most common species isolated was M. avium complex (47%) followed by M. abscessus (36%), with the most common site of infection being the lung (78%). The majority of patients presented with productive cough with excess sputum production followed by pulmonary nodules and bronchiectasis present on radiograph. Conclusions This study demonstrated the difficulty of collecting retrospective real-world data via electronic healthcare records on symptoms, side effects, and radiography from patients who obtained a drug through expanded access. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend further research into the potential use of CFZ in patients with M. abscessus pulmonary infections.


In this chapter you will find:
Some existing models and ideas about the identities and roles of a reception teacher, along with some new ways of looking at the roles to support a personally negotiated understanding. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner's theory, receptions teachers are located in the multi-layered ecological systems. Maslow's hierarchy of needs inspired the 'hierarchy of the heart and the head' model, which identifies essential attributes of reception teachers. Reception teachers' identities and roles are also examined in the context of a child-centred pedagogical approach and care-full practice where professional love for children has its place. Finally, this chapter is concluded by a discussion of the social construction of the teaching role that is unique to this age group and the different hats teachers wear in line with the different roles they fulfil in children's daily lives.


Correlation and path coefficient analysis was carried out using 40 diverse genotypes of napier grass for 10 component characters including green fodder yield. Number of tillers per plant. number of leaves per plant, leaf weight, stem weight and leaf stem ratio had positive correlation with greza fodder yield both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path analysis showed positive direct effects of leaf weight, stem weight, leaf stem ratio, number of tillers per plant on green fodder yield. These traits should be given more emphasis while selecting for improvement in green fodder yield.


My interest in mental health began before I was a psychiatrist—it started in a small Central American country where I arrived as a primary care physician in the early years of the Peace Corps.


Objective: To evaluate the adverse events of the copper-T Intrauterine device(IUD)breakage,so as to explore the relative factors.Methods: A total of 30 cases of the breakage adverse events related to copper-T IUD were collected from 105 contraceptive adverse reaction surveillance sentinels from October 2005 to November 2010.All of these cases were analyzed by the method of causality assessment.Results: There were 4 TCu380A cases and 26 TCu220C cases in 30 cases.The fracture parts were cross arms in 28 cases and trailing arms in others.The breakage constituent ratio of TCu220C from B enterprise was higher than that from A enterprise(IC=0.40,lower limit of 95%CI=0.02).Conclusions: The postmarked surveillance of TCu220C from B enterprise should be strengthened.The professional staff of family planning should pay attention to the adverse events of copper-T IUD breakage.To prevent the serious injury events,it is key to keep up the follow-up visit system after insertion.The adverse events should be treated timely,and the serious injury event should be reported immediately.


Defining species boundaries, due to morphological variation, often represents a significant challenge in paleozoology. In this paper we report results from multi− and univariate data analyses, such as enhanced clustering techniques, principal coordinates or− dination method, kernel density estimations and finite mixture model analyses, revealing some morphometric patterns within the Eocene Antarctic representatives of Palaeeudyptes penguins. These large−sized birds were represented by two species, P. gunnari and P. klekowskii, known mainly from numerous isolated bones. Investigations focused on tarso− metatarsi, crucial bones in paleontology of early penguins, resulted in a probability−based framework allowing for the "fuzzy" partitioning the studied specimens into two taxa with partly overlapping size distributions. Such a number of species was supported by outcomes from both multi− and univariate studies. In our opinion, more reliance should be placed on the quantitative analysis of form when distinguishing between species within the Antarctic Palaeeudyptes. Key wor ds: Antarctic, La Meseta Formation, Paleogene, Sphenisciformes, statistics, sys− tematics.


In long distance swimming competitions, the optimal pacing strategy is not well established. The objective of this study was to characterize the pacing strategy adopted by international level athletes in 800-m (female) and 1500-m (male) crawl swimming events. We analyzed the time of each 50 m splits for semi-finalists and finalists athletes of the last three world swimming championships from 2006 to 2010. The data analysis was performed through the statistic method named CHAID (Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection), which is a statistic χ2 to detect a homogeneity behavior among the variables. The main results found were: for the two events analyzed, the velocity-versus-distance curve was similar to the parabolic pacing strategy (U-shaped), characterized by a significantly faster start (p<0.05) than mean velocity for the race, followed by a gradual decline in velocity in the middle splits, when athletes increase the velocity again (p<0.05) to produce an end spurt. In conclusion, these findings indicate that this pacing strategy profile can be classified as optimal for the long distance swimming events since it was preferentially adopted by international level athletes.


Taxomic examinations of five powdery mildew fungi found on two new host plants in Japan, rosemary (Rosmarinus o$cinalis, fam. Labiatae) and downy thorn apple (Datura metel, fam. Solanaceae), and on blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus, fam. Myrtaceae) on which the causal fungus is still indeterminate in Japan, were carried out. Between two anamorphic types found on blue gum, the fungus of Euoidium type was identified to be Oidium state of Sphaerotheca aphanis var. aphanis. Another one, Pseudoidium type was regarded as a new Oidium species, O. eucalypti-globuli. The fungus of Euoidium type on downy thorn apple was identified with the anamorphic state of Erysiphe orontii, but it was not able to specify that of Pseudoidium type. The anamorph on rosemary morphologically agreed well with that of Erysiphe galeopsidis observed on various plants of the Labiatae.


With deep research on isoline filling algorithm,a new cover algorithm of isoline filling is proposed in this paper.This algorithm classifies isolines as Convex Hull Closed Isoline(CHCL)and Self Closed Isoline(SCL).Taking full advantage of isoline's characteristic,the judgement of topological relation and filling color is simplified mostly.For CHCL isoline,tracing convex hull isoline-points and convex points are employed to determine filling area,and a multi-branches tree which is established by topological relation is adopted to determine the order of filling for SCL isoline.By repeating cover filling isoline-area orderly,all the isoline-area filling is accomplished.For smoothing isoline,a new method which can decrease the precision loss of isoline smoothing is adopted.Algorithm model is realized using client side programming language-ActionScript3.0,and it shows that this algorithm is easy to implement and the time cost can satisfy the business demands.


Introduction: Upper-abdominal pain is frequently caused by acute pancreatitis. A diagnosis based purely on symptoms and signs is difficult because its clinical features are similar to those of a range of other acute diseases. Acute pancreatitis is diagnosed using two of the 3 criteria given below: Stomach pain, increased serum lipase and/or amylase levels, and abnormal abdominal image processing are all signs of pancreatitis. When it comes to diagnosing acute pancreatitis, lipase has been demonstrated to have good specificity and sensitivity. Pain in the stomach that appears to originate from the pancreas When it comes to diagnosing acute pancreatitis, abnormal abdominal imaging and/or serum lipase and/or amylase values larger than three times the upper period of normal Lipase have been proven to have good sensitivity and accuracy.
MAIN Symptoms And / OR Important Clinical Findings: For 5 days, I had abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, decreased appetite, generalized weakness, fever, and loose movements.
Diagnostic Evaluation: He is a male patient who is 22 years old. And all diagnostic testing has been completed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen, ultrasonography, complete blood count: 12.8 gm/dl.
Therapeutic Intervention: Patient was treated injection meropenem 500 milligram thrice a day,  injection Levoflox 500 milligram one time a day, injection pan 40 milligram one time a day,  injection Emeset 4 milligram thrice a day, injection Tramadol 100 milligram thrice a day, injection Thiamine 100 milligram thrice a day, injection mucomix 600 milligram twice a day, injection Doxy 100 milligram twice a day, Injection Hydrocort 100 milligram thrice a day, Syrup, Kesol 2TSP thrice  a day.
Outcome: The patient's overall condition gotten better.
Nursing Perspectives: Changing the fluid dextrose normal saline and ringer lactate were set up in the first place. On an hourly basis, keep track of your vital signs and blood pressure. Maintaining the patient's intake and output chart, as well as providing adequate rest and sleep. Administered drugs as directed by the doctor.
Conclusion: During the past five days, patients complained of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting after each meal, difficulty swallowing, decreased appetite, generalised weakness, fever, and loose movements at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital. These symptoms were eased with proper treatment, and the patient is currently in good health.


The use of corn sheller is one of post-harvest handling to increase maize production. To support this, we need a corn sheller driven by electricity. The study was conducted with literature study and observationon corn sheller. Then design the coupling components of the equipment corn sheller. Effective capacity was 115,632  kg / h. The value of the effective capacity of the equipment was larger than corn sheller driven by human power. Basic cost to be incurred in releasing corn with this tool was Rp. 78,855/kg in the 1 st year, Rp. 73,474/kg in the 2 nd year, Rp. 71,683/kg in the 3 rd year, Rp. 70,789/kg in the 4 th year, and  Rp. 70,254/kg in the 5 th year. This equipment will reach break even point if it has been releasing cornat 5.645,97 kg/year. Net present value of the equipment with 6% interest rate was Rp. 127.291.705,59 which meant that the business was feasible to run . The internal rate of return was 45,02 %. Keyword : corn, equipment design, shell e r


The key issue analyzed in the article are the changes in Polish media that occurred in the 1990s as an effect of political transformation started in 1989. However, in order to comprehend the complexity of the process in relation to media and to fully appreciate the tempo and scope of the changes one has to realize how media function during the Polish People's Republic. The main idea of the process was to transform a non-democratic system with all its characteristics into a typically democratic system based on two fundamental values: freedom of speech and pluralism of media. The building of a democratic media system in Poland was relatively fast. In said system, the media are to guarantee freedom, which was firmly acknowledged in the 1997 constitution. The media are considered to be "the fourth power" and "a watch dog for democracy". When evaluating the process one needs to bear in mind that the commencement of any changes was possible thanks to a consistent implementation of the concept of "new informational order" developed by "podstolik medialny" (a media sub-table) and put down in "Porozumienia Okrąglego Stolu" ("Polish Round Table Agreement").


We show that the time-independent disordered solid-melt patterns induced on silicon thin films by a continuous laser beam possess a characteristic length scale Λ which varies with irradiance I 0 as I 0 -1/3 in agreement with a model based on heat flow, interfacial surface tension, and the reflectivity difference of the solid and melt. When I o is varied so that Λ decreases to a value comparable to λ, optical interference effects enhance (reduce) power deposition in molten (solid) regions, forcing a transition to a grating structure with parallel to the polarization of the light beam and locking the length scale to Λ=λ


The Brossasco metagranite, Dora Maira Massif, Western Alps. underwent (early?) Alpine very-high pressure metamorphism and (meso/late?) Alpine amphibolite to greenschist-facies retrogressions. The Brossasco metagranite is part of the Brossasco Isasca unit of the southern Dora Maira Massif, in which pyrope+talc+coesite assemblage and kyanite eclogite indicate temperatures greater than 700 °C and pressures in excess of 2.8 GPa. The Brossasco metagranite consists of small, relatively undeformed volumes of porphyritic granite separated by anastomosing mylonitic shear zones


The large variety of motor technologies and corresponding control schemes available today to the design engineer and the dramatic pressure to reduce development time in industrial projects have created the need for performant design tools which allow to realise, already at a level of preliminary simulation, the complete motion system. After a first review of the selection criterias and the characteristic offered by the different motor technologies, the paper will illustrate an original global approach, allowing to simulate, optimise and implement, with an adequate hardware , a complete motion systems.


With increasing focus on integrating 3D printing in educational settings, more emphasis needs to be placed on how to introduce young students to the complexities of the 3D printing process. Inspired by the patrons of 3D printer services, we engage children in a simplified 3D printing process. We conducted a study with two 3rd grade public school science classes over 4 days, where students were tasked to print 3D designs they find online for use in a class presentation. Initial findings identify challenges within this process, and show indications of emerging interest towards 3D printing.


—This paper proposes an efficient multi-channel uti- lization method that reduces packet loss on software defined multi-channel wireless mesh network (SD-WMN). In SD-WMN, multiple channels can be used in parallel along with a route. To utilize multiple channels efficiently, we proposed a channel utilization method that balances the channel load by exploiting the flow-based control of OpenFlow. However, packet loss often occurs under this proposed method. Specifically, this method balances the network load, thereby decreasing the available capacity of each channel. Along to this, an acceptable flow also becomes smaller. A channel may run out of capacity when a large flow arrives, even if the total available capacity provided by SD-WMN is sufficient for that flow. Thus, in this paper, we propose a new method that is optimized to increase the available capacity on some of all channels by intentionally making the channel utilization imbalanced. When a new flow arrives, the flow is transmitted on the channel, thereby minimizing the possibility of packet loss. We then conduct some experiments in various scenarios and show that the method can extremely decrease the packet loss at the time when a flow arrives.


A study on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp.russia was conducted by periodically measuring a serial of indexes with the same leaves from the same annual plot saplings bred by cuttage propagation between June and August in the agricultural development area in Karamy,Xinjiang.The results showed that the photosynthesis rate of the saplings dropped within the 1-3 d after being transplanted,the photosynthesis index value began to increase and retyrn to the normal level on the 5th day.The study showed that the recovery stage of H.rhamnoides ssp.russia was about 5 days and the survival rate reached 95%.Contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline dropped at the first stage after being transplanted,then began to increase on the 6th day and recovered to the previous level by the 9th day.The recovery of soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline contents was postponed than the photosynthetic indices.Compared to traditional afforestation technology,transplanting the annual H.rhamnoides ssp.russia saplings bred by cuttage propagation could promote the survival rate and prolong the planting period by 50 to 70 days,it would be extended in large scale in the arid areas in the northwest part of China.


This article aims at portraying the characteristics of a good teacher through "Letter to a Teacher" – the work of Lorenzo Milani and eight boys of "Barbiana" – from an Asian perspective. Beyond this discourse, the analysis has implied that a good teacher (1) gives constructive feedback, (2) has knowledge, (3) uses marks properly, (4) balances and satisfi es learners' needs, (5) looks into the roots of problems, (6) cares for the learners, (7) limits inequality, (8) thinks critically and is responsible, and (9) communicates well in most cases.


The new term 'other effective area-based conservation measures', or OECMs, was introduced into Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) Strategic Plan by signatory Parties in 2010. In the intervening period much action has been taken on creating protected areas as the key route to delivering area-based conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Rather less attention has been paid to OECMs due in part to a lack of guidance on what areas should or should not be included under this label. An IUCN World Conservation Congress Resolution in 2012 called on IUCN's World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) to assist the CBD by providing technical guidance on interpretation of the wording in Aichi Biodiversity Target 11. IUCN WCPA established a Task Force in 2015 to provide guidance on OECMs, in terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats. This Task Force has already met several times and has a global membership of more than 100 experts. The official call made by the CBD in 2016 for guidance explicitly recognizes the role of the IUCN Task Force in fulfilling this guidance need. This paper provides the background to OECMs and an initial analysis on the type and nature of measures that may qualify as OECMs under Aichi Target 11. Successful implementation will be dependent on clear principles and guidance, but also on a far better awareness among conservationists and other sectors on the purpose and scope of all 20 Aichi Targets. The paper will also be of value to discussions and implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14 on the ocean. Some generic examples of areas likely to qualify as OECMs in the ocean are identified, along with an analysis of how OECMs complement and supplement fisheries and other management measures to promote more sustainable use. Greater recognition and reporting is needed on fisheries measures under Aichi Target 6. All fishery management and exclusion zones will not qualify as OECMs, but they can form essential measures towards achieving delivery of greater sustainability within such extractive industries.


Anyone interested in the history of furniture can find outstanding examples of well-known pieces and periods in an array of New York museums. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art, furniture exhibits stretch from the earliest civilizations to modern times. The Cooper Hewitt features furniture primarily from the nineteenth through the twenty-first centuries, and the Museum of Modern Art displays the best examples of European and American modernist designs beginning in the late-nineteenth century. Despite this broad coverage, however, none of these museums display in their collections furniture and designed objects from the myriad countries of Latin America, whose embrace of modernism has been far better documented in architecture and art than in design. This omission has now been rectified in the exhibition, Moderno: Design for Living in Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela, 1940– 1978, which was on display in the gallery of New York's Americas Society from February 11, 2015, to May 16, 2015. The exhibition was organized by three curators, each responsible for one of the countries: Maria Cecilia Loschiavo dos Santos for Brazil, Ana Elena Mallet for Mexico, and Jorge Rivas Pérez for Venezuela. The show's opening was accompanied by an impressive symposium at Hunter College, which included curators and scholars from universities and museums in the United States and Latin America. Rather than divide the objects by country and present them as indicative of parallel national tracks to modernity, the curators chose to organize them so as to draw out relations between the pieces. When possible, furniture pieces or other objects were shown with drawings or swatches of material to emphasize the design process as well. Although the majority of the objects exhibited was furniture, the curators also displayed ceramics, glassware, carpets, textiles, and one plastic piece—a wall-mounted mirror and organizer in bright yellow by Brazilian designer Jorge Zalszupin. Although the title of the exhibition emphasized the topic of modernity, the objects showed that being modern in a Latin American country was not the same as being modern in the United States or Europe, where the emphasis of postwar design was on


The increased need for phototherapy for non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia is frequently given as a barrier to the introduction of routine delayed cord clamping. However, the evidence for this increased need is not consistent. At one end of the scale there is one subset of the McDonald (1996) study combined with the Oxford Midwives (1991) showing a relative risk (RR) of needing phototherapy to be 0.59 (0.32, 1.11) with early clamping compared with delayed clamping, and the other subset of the McDonald study showing a RR of 0.47 (0.22, 0.97) [1,2]. At the other end of the scale the Andersson (2011) and the Emhamed (2004) studies had very few babies getting phototherapy and the trend was in the opposite direction to that of McDonald and the Oxford midwives, with slightly more babies receiving phototherapy after early cord clamping [3,4]. There was no difference in the mean bilirubin level between the two groups. The two other studies by Nelson and van Rheenen also had very small numbers of babies receiving phototherapy [5,6]. The two studies which strongly influence the result that late cord clamping is associated with an increased need for phototherapy were both carried out before 2000. As Mercer and Erickson-Owens pointed out there was no consistent threshold of bilirubin for ordering phototherapy and the clinicians were not blinded, so some bias was possible [7]. In the three studies carried out before 2000, the use of phototherapy was 6% while in the three studies after 2000 it was only 0.9%. The use of phototherapy may have been refined since the 2000 and this explains the marked difference.


The present paper reports the performance of a popular refrigerant R32 (Difluoromethane, CF2H2) experiencing the two phase injection process. Two phase injection process may lower the discharge temperature of a multistage compressor. In order to investigate the role and impact of two-phase injection on a compressor, a Scroll compressor is selected because scroll compressor has high tolerance for liquid refrigerant. A reputed compressor is chosen where all the operating conditions and specifications are available in public domain. The modelling and analysis of refrigeration system is carried out using a simple MATLAB code. Around 200 iterations were performed for four different condensing and evaporating temperatures. The maximum reduction in discharge temperature is found to be 44°C when compared to R410A used in the same system. Cite this article as: Praveen A, Debjyoti S. Numerical analysis of a two-phase injection refrigeration cycle using R32. J Ther Eng 2022;8(2):157–168. Journal of Thermal Engineering Web page info: https://jten.yildiz.edu.tr DOI: 10.18186/thermal.1077857


Identifying families of malware is today considered a fundamental problem in the context of computer security. The correct mapping of a malicious sample to a known family simplifies its analysis and allows experts to focus their efforts only on those samples presenting unknown characteristics or behaviours, thus improving the efficiency of the malware analysis process. Grouping malware in families is an activity that can be performed using widely different approaches, but that currently lacks a globally accepted ground truth to be used for comparison. This problem stems from the absence of a formal definition of what a malware family is. As a consequence, in the last few years researchers proposed different methodologies to group a dataset of malicious samples in families. Notable examples include solutions combining labels of commercial anti-malware software, where possible disagreements are solved by majority voting (e.g., AVclass), and dedicated solutions based on machine learning algorithms (e.g., Malheur). In this paper we first present an evaluation to assess the quality of two distinct malware family ground truth datasets. Both include the same set of malware, but one has labels produced by AVclass while the other is based on the clusters identified by Malheur. Then we propose a novel solution for identifying families of similar samples starting from an unlabelled dataset of malware. We leverage features extracted through both static and dynamic analysis, and cluster samples using the BIRCH clustering algorithm. The paper includes an experimental evaluation which shows that BIRCH fits well in the context of malware family identification. Indeed, we prove that BIRCH can be tuned to obtain an accuracy higher than or comparable to standard clustering algorithms, using the ground truths based on AVclass and Malheur. Furthermore, we provide a performance comparison where BIRCH stands out for the low clustering time it provides.


We report on (AlGaIn)(AsSb)-based high-power diode lasers fabricated as single-emitters and linear laser arrays, all devices emitting at around 2 µm, suitable for pumping of laser systems emitting in the 2-4 µm wavelength regime.