Part of the present work has been reported briefly elsewhere (1). Dr. Fevery is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow of the Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek of Belgium. Received for publication 2 December 1971 and in revised form 22 March 1972. In both, the bulk of bile pigment is bilirubin diglucuronoside. From bile of patients with acquired liver diseases a new azopigment group (,8-azopigment) was derived. The 'Y-azopigment group was increased; the 5-azopigment group (containing azodipyrrole P-D-monoglucuronoside) was decreased. No differentiation was possible between intraand extrahepatic cholestasis. The percentage of i8-azopigment showed a positive correlation with serum bilirubin concentration (r = 0.6). Recovery of the diseases was accompanied by normalization of the azopigment patterns. In rats, hydrostatic or mechanical obstruction induced increases in ,5and Y-azopigments and a decrease in 8-azopigment similar to the changes observed in bile of liver patients. Complete normalization was obtained 6 hr after relieving the hydrostatic obstruction (duration 15-21 hr). In contrast, with man after surgery for extrahepatic obstruction, T-tube bile was not normalized when the T-tube was withdrawn (10 days after operation). Hydrostatic obstruction in rats provides an easy model when postobstructive bile pigment composition and parameters have to be investigated. The present investigations stress the importance of the physiopathological state when studying bilirubin conjugation. Hindrance to bile secretion induced heterogeneity of bilirubin conjugates and stimulated the formation of complex structures.


Since solder joints may work in corrosion media, corrosion products can be easily formed and then enhance current transport resistance in practice. It is of great importance to study the corrosion behavior of SAC305 solders added with different nanoparticles. The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu alloys with the addition of nano-Ag3Sn and nano-Cu3Sn was investigated in 3.5 wt. % sodium chloride solution by means of electrokinetic potential polarozation curve. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the samples after the electrochemical tests. The results obtained from polarization studies revealed that the addition of 0.3 wt. % Ag3Sn and Cu3Sn nanoparticles respectively leads the best influence to the corrosion resistance of SAC305 solder alloy.


The aims of this study are to find out whether the implementation of Google Site is effective or not for Teaching EFL and to know the student's perception toward the implementation of google site in teaching EFL. The subject of the study will be English Students Education at Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo. The samples of this study will be chosen randomly. The data will be from the EFL Test and interview and all documents use by the lecturer in their teaching and learning process. The EFL test used to measure the students' improvement after implementing the google sites and the interview used to investigate while the interview done to dig more information on how the students' perception toward the implementation of google site in teaching EFL. However, through the implementation of the media, it can be said to be effective and attract the attention of students in EFL learning.


The FPSO offloading system involves four main components,such as FPSO,CALM( Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring) buoy,mooring system and oil offloading lines( OOL). These components could have mutual coupling affections between each other under the external forces. In addition,vortexinduced vibrations( VIVs) may occur when the oil offloading lines are subjective to the effects of currents and cause unacceptable fatigue damage in the pipeline. The VIV phenomenon of pipeline and the coupled motion equation are integrated to study the motion law of offloading system,and through the dynamic results of system to analysis the influence of VIV phenomenon. The results indicate that the VIV phenomenon has a huge effect on its own fatigue life,but has smaller effect on body motion and line tension.


While numerous studies have examined the frequency of attack ads in presidential elections, this study measures the level of severity of the attacks. Using Burke's poetic frames as a foundation, this content analytical study examines the 2004 presidential ads. The negativity level of the ads is explored with comparisons made between those by the candidates and the organizations, differences in ads by medium (television, radio, and Internet), and differences in three time periods of the election (pre-conventions, between conventions, and post-conventions). Finally, implications are addressed concerning Burkean frames, 527 groups, and the Internet.


The Parametric Comparison Method (PCM, Guardiano a Longobardi 2005, Longobardi a Guardiano 2009) is grounded on the assumption that syntactic parameters are more appropriate than other traits for use as comparanda for historical reconstruction, because they are able to provide unambiguous correspondences and objective measurements, thus guaranteeing wide-range applicability and quantitative exactness. This article discusses a set of experiments explicitly designed to evaluate the impact of parametric syntax in representing historical relatedness, and performed on a selection of 26 contemporary Indo-European varieties. The results show that PCM is in fact able to correctly identify genealogical relations even from modern languages only, performing as accurately as lexical methods, and that its effectiveness is not limited by interference effects such as 'horizontal' transmission. PCM is thus validated as a powerful tool for the analysis of historical relationships not only on a long-range perspective (as suggested by Longobardi a Guardiano 2009), but even on more focused, though independently well-known domains.


Flag verification techniques are useful in quantum error correction for detecting critical faults. Here we present an application of flag-verification techniques for improving postselected performance of near-term algorithms. We extend the definition of what constitutes a flag by creating error-detection gadgets based on known transformations of unitary operators. In the case of Clifford or near-Clifford circuits, these unitary operators can be chosen to be controlled Pauli gates, leading to gadgets which require only a small number of additional Clifford gates. We show that such flags can improve circuit fidelities by up to a factor of 2 after postselection, and demonstrate their effectiveness over error models featuring single-qubit depolarizing noise, crosstalk, and two-qubit coherent overrotation.


The 5Cu/(NiFe2O4-10NiO) cermet inert anode was developed by classical powder metallurgical technique.The corrosion behaviors of NiFe2O4-based inert anodes in Na3AlF6-K3AlF6 melts were investigated.The results show that the anode had corrosion phenomenon in micro-morphology.Cell voltage fluctuated remarkably during electrolysis.The equilibrium concentration of Fe,Ni,and Cu were 150×10-6,42×10-6 and 40×10-6,respectively,and the corrosion rate was lower than that in tradition electrolysis conditions.


Towards the end of the conclusion of his book titled 'Big data in education. The digital future of learning, policy and practice', Williamson (2017) states that educational 'researchers will need t...


Objective: The term continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) suggests a treatment without interruption. However, interruptions do occur and the duration of the haemofiltration circuit "down-time" may influence uraemic control. We conducted a prospective study to ascertain the percentage of operative "down-time" for CVVH in our intensive care unit and to test the hypothesis that it significantly affected uraemic control. Patients and methods: Prospective data measuring the time spent off the filter in ten patients receiving CVVH were collected. Continuous veno-venous haemofiltration was performed at 2 litres per hour of ultrafiltration. Anticoagulation was maintained using unfractionated heparin administered pre-filter and infused at a rate to achieve a systemic APTT varying between 30 45 seconds. The circuit functional life was documented for each CVVH circuit as progressive cumulative hours of operation. The time off treatment was calculated for each 24-hour period. These data were then correlated with the change in plasma urea and creatinine concentrations for each 24-hour cycle. The APTT, INR, haemoglobin and platelet count were measured and levels were correlated with the filter duration. Results: Ninety three days of CVVH treatment were assessed in 4 female and 6 male patients. The mean circuit "down-time" in these patients for this period was 22% or 5.27 hours per day. The most common cause of circuit "down-time" was circuit clotting, followed by a need for radiological procedures, time spent in the operating theatre and catheter malfunction requiring replacement. There was a strong correlation between circuit "down-time" and increase in plasma urea (p = 0.0017) and creatinine (p = 0.0451) concentrations. Circuit "down-time" was also inversely correlated with the platelet count (p = 0.0048) but not significantly correlated with the APTT, INR or haemoglobin values. Conclusions:. In our study the average daily duration of an interruption in CVVH (i.e. circuit "downtime") represented > 20% of the potential operative time. There was a strong correlation between time without treatment and solute control during CVVH. The percentage of "down-time" may be a useful marker of operative quality during CVVH. (Critical Care and Resuscitation 2002; 4: 266-270)


The essay discusses the increasing adoption of innovative technologies in sports management and the complexity of the digital era. The digital era is defined as the period in which digital technology has become an integral part of society, changing the way people interact, communicate, and access information. The essay questions whether we are in a permanent culture of organizational transition in sports management due to the transition from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0 and now to Web 4.0. The author proposes the term "transition management" to describe the organizational culture involving permanent changes caused by the transition to digital forms of production and consumption of sports content, as well as the need to understand the meaning of disruptive innovation and the phenomenon of the "uberization" of sport. The essay highlights the complexities and uncertainties arising from advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, which can operate autonomously and raise concerns about the relevance of humanity in decision-making about its very existence.


BACKGROUND
Digitisation affects our working environment. It demands new cognitive and digital skills of healthcare employees. Technostress and burnout are more likely to occur due to the additional workload.

AIM
Objective is the identification of determinants affecting work related technostress.

METHODOLOGY
We carried out a systematic review according to the PRISMA statement. For the identification of the digital factors, we applied an inductive content analysis based on Mayring's theory.

RESULTS
Included studies showed the following factors to be relevant for coping with technostress: autonomy, competence, understanding of roles, time pressure, attitude, security and ergonomics. The emerging factors serve the regulation of stress in the healthcare system and contribute to better healthcare and higher occupational safety.


Crystal structural analysis indicated that a novel supramolecular assembly with ladder structure was formed from a new nitronyl nitroxide derivative. Its bulk magnetic behavior was studied and the magnetic data were fitted to the dimer-chain model with J = 44.85 cm -1 and j = -2.97 cm -1 .


We investigate the imaginary world of Kalgash, a planetary system based on the novel "Nightfall" (Asimov & Silverberg, 1991). The system consists of a planet, a moon and an astonishing six suns. The six stars cause the wider universe to be invisible to the inhabitants of the planet. The author explores the consequences of an eclipse and the resulting darkness which the Kalgash people experience for the first time. Our task is to verify if this system is feasible, from the duration of the eclipse, the "invisibility" of the universe to the complex orbital dynamics.


Rhythms in physiological and behavioral activities of insects can be entrained by photoperiod and/or thermocycle (thermoperiod). The present study investigates the free-running eclosion rhythm of Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by applying either a single light pulse or a thermocycle. To prevent larval diapause, all insects are maintained at 30°C and kept in constant darkness (DD) for 14 days after oviposition. Thereafter, the insects were maintained at 25°C DD. At day 27 after oviposition, the insects are subjected to a single light pulse (2-16 h). Average time from the light-off signal to the first peak of eclosion rhythm in DD is c. 17.5 h, indicating that the insects interpret the 'light-off' signal as a Zeitgeber to entrain the rhythm at 25°C, since the rhythm normally free-runs for a period of c. 23 h. A single light pulse in otherwise DD can entrain the adult eclosion rhythm in this species at 25°C. In contrast, the rhythm can be entrained by applying a thermocycle consisting of 30°C thermophase (12 h) and 20°C cryophase (12 h) regardless of background illumination (DD or constant illumination (LL)). The insects are exposed to the thermocycle in DD or LL from days 15 to 28 after oviposition and subsequently maintained at 25°C in DD or LL. The rhythm is observed to free-run for a period of c. 22 h. Thus, the adult eclosion rhythm in this species can be entrained by either a light pulse or a thermocycle. However, it is unclear whether the photoperiodic and thermoperiodic time-keeping mechanisms are controlled by the same physiological processes.


Sliding displacement is an important index in the design of sliding structure.By transient dynamic finite element analysis, friction coefficient and the basic natural period of the structure are studied in this paper to analyze their affection on displacement of sliding, so that it can be the reference for the design of sliding structure.


Acoustic waves are used in underwater communication. But acoustics limits the data rates and also distance of communication. Sound waves propagate at very lower speed therefore the channel latency increases and hence higher data rates with acoustic waves cannot achieved. Acoustic waves are more sensitive to the reflection and refraction than Electro-Magnetic waves. Radio waves travel with the speed of light, and hence provide higher data rates and bandwidth. Electro-Magnetic waves perform better in shallow waters and air-water interface than acoustics. To operate with Electro-Magnetic waves in underwater, the foremost requirement is antenna with high gain. Preferable antennas for underwater communication are loop antennas, long wires and bow-tie antenna. Bow-tie antenna is a wide band micro-strip antenna which are compatible with Integrate Circuits(IC), hence highly robust, compact and relatively light. Designing bow-tie antenna for under water communication requires detailed insight of the electro-magnetic wave's behavior in water. A detailed study of antenna dimensions with equations are provided. In this work, Bow-tie antenna is proposed for short range underwater applications. Return loss, impedance of the bow-tie antenna simulated in pure water and sea water at 2.4GHz are analyzed.


A Second Opinion: Rescuing America's Health Care Relman AS. 224 pages. New York: PublicAffairs; 2007. $24.00. ISBN 9781586484811. Order at www.publicaffairsbooks.com. Field of medicine: Health policy and management. Format: Hardcover book. Audience: Anyone interested in health policy and health reform, especially those in the medical profession. Purpose: To provide a second opinion about the state of our health care system and the major reforms it requires. It is in essence a personal manifesto. Content: This brief book presents the author's analysis of the principal causes of the current crisis in the U.S. health care system and his recommended solution. He begins with a recapitulation of the argument from his landmark 1980 article identifying the medical industrial complex and the commercialization of medicine and health care. He then describes the forces leading to the escalating problems of cost containment and the failure of managed care to rescue payers from these cost pressures. After setting the stage to consider remedies, he recommends the creation of a single-payer financing system that retains a private delivery system built around multispecialty group practices and private nonprofit institutional providers. He includes a chapter examining problems in the Canadian system, which is the system most similar to his proposal. The book concludes with an open letter to the U.S. medical professional community, urging physicians to take an active role in health reform, not to cede the territory to lobbyists, economists, and bureaucrats. Highlights: Anyone who has followed Relman's writings, especially during his 14 years in the bully pulpit as editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, will be familiar with most of the content of this book. It provides a convenient summary along with new insights that are possible when the material is assembled in one place. Relman argues that real reform will not be possible until the current fad of consumer-directed health care has played itself out, thus setting the stage for true reform. He asserts that, contrary to the current majority opinion of health policy writers (and thus the second opinion in his title), successful reform cannot simply deal with the design of a financing system but must also address the organization and style of medical practice. Limitations: Some readers may be put off by the occasional polemical or paternalistic tone in the writing, although this is clearly a work of advocacy more than analysis. As the author admits, many assertions (for example, about cost control in his proposed system) are not fully explained and complexities are not addressed (for example, mechanisms for risk adjustment in capitation payments). Related reading: Herzlinger's Consumer-Driven Health Care: Implications for Providers, Payers, and Policymakers (Jossey-Bass, 2004) and Porter and Teisberg's Redefining Health Care: Creating Value-based Competition on Results (Harvard Business School Pr, 2006) present alternative views of the issues and solutions. Swartz's Reinsuring Health: Why More Middle-Class People are Uninsured and What Government Can Do (Russell Sage Foundation, 2006) is a good representative of the more limited reform proposals. Good reviews of current issues and proposals are available from the Commonwealth Fund (www.commonwealthfund.org) and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (www.kff.org). Reviewer: Robert J. Caswell, PhD, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio.


results of the eucalyptol, -myrcene, -humulene, -terpineol. The results of the antibacterial activity test against Escherichia coli bacteria, concentrations of 5% (15.9 mm), 2.5% (15.6 mm), 1.25% (12.9 mm) and 0.625% (11.8 mm).


According to the 2018 China National Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Monitoring Report, intravenous medications accounted for 60.0% of the reported ADRs.1 Over-reliance and improper administration of intravenous infusions are a severe health problem in China. A 2019 study reveals that 89.2% of patients received intravenous medications at a large Chinese academic hospital, and 11.4% of these prescriptions were inappropriate, ranging from improper diluents to contraindicated administrations.2 Over the past two decades, hospitals have been exploring ways to address intravenous medication safety in China. Efforts are focused on building hospital information systems and pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS), targeting the entire intravenous medication use process: prescribing, order …


Because moving a player improperly can compound a head or neck injury, the authors designed and built a foldable rigid stretcher with an adjustable traction bar.


The staff of the Spent Fuel Project Office at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission undertook the investigation and thermal analysis of the Baltimore tunnel fire event. This event occurred in the Howard Street tunnel, in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 18, 2001. The staff was tasked with assessing the consequences of this event on the transportation of spent nuclear fuel. This paper describes the staff's coordination with the following government and laboratory organizations: the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), to determine the details of the train derailment and fire; the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to quantify the thermal conditions within the tunnel; the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analysis (CNWRA), to validate the NIST evaluations, and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), to assist in the thermal analysis. The results of the staff's review and analysis efforts are also discussed. The staff has concluded that had the spent fuel transportation cask analyzed, a design approved under 10 CFR Part 71, been subjected to the Howard Street tunnel fire, no release of radioactive materials would have resulted from this postulated event, and the health and safety of the public would have been maintained.


Global properties of nonequilibrium hydrogen positive columns are obtained in a range 1.0–0.1 cm of a tube radius and at moderately high pressure (1.0 and 0.1 atms) by computer simulation based on a two-temperature model. The hydrogen positive column itself has two stable states, an arc and a glow, and one unstable state. When a tube radius and/or a pressure decreases to a certain value, the arc region joins continuously to a glow region. If we use the experimental data of thermal conductivity of hydrogen gas, the results considerably deviate from the results by using the theoretical data. Mechanisms of existence of multiple states, of state transitions, and of parameter dependence of the global properties are explained.


Single factor and orthogonal experiments were applied to optimize conditions for the extraction concurrently of chlorogenic acid and polysaccharide from Lonicera Japonica by using enzyme treatment.The factors of enzyme concentration,temperature and extraction time on product yield were investigated.The results showed that the optimal enzymolysis conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration was0. 5%,enzymolysis temperature was 50 ℃,and extraction time was 120 min,correspondingly,the extraction yield of chlorogenic acid and polysaccharide was 4. 90% and 6. 58%,respectively.


Objective:To compare and analyze the change of per capita out of pocket(OOP) payments of urban and rural resi-dents before and after new medical reform.Methods:2007—2012 source method data of Shaanxi total health expenditure was used tocalculate indicators of per capita OOP health payment, ratio of per capita in annual income, compare and analyze the changes of percapita OOP health payment based on vertical comparison of different years.Results:In 2009, the first year of implementing new medi-cal reform, the per capita OOP health payment decreased significantly, but the indicator returned to the former level before new medi-cal reform in the second year and continued the increasing trend after the implementation of new medical reform; meanwhile, the medi-cal economic burden among urban and rural residents were obviously unfair, the medical economic burden of rural areas was higherthan urban areas.Conclusion:The proportion of OOP health expenditure in Shaanxi should be improved, the enforcement of the newmedical reform should be strengthened, the inequality of medicine economic burden between urban and rural residents needed to beimproved.


In order to quantify the extent of centrilobular (CLE) and panacinar (PLE) emphysema and the degree of the possible overlap between the two forms in smokers, the lungs of 25 smokers undergoing lung resection for peripheral lung tumours were studied. The extent of CLE and PLE was assessed by point counting, and the lungs were classified as having pure CLE (C, n=5), predominant CLE with areas of PLE (CP, n=7), predominant PLE with features of CLE (PC, n=7), and pure PLE (P, n=6) according to the percentage of lung involved by either form. Preoperative pulmonary function tests and the score of inflammation and the diameters of the small airways were also measured. Mean linear intercept (Lm), a measure of mean interalveolar wall distances and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) were similar in the four groups. Small airway pathology was a predominant feature in lungs with CLE, and was significantly decreased in a stepwise fashion as the amount of PLE increased. This was especially so for the amount of muscle in the airway wall and the diameters of the airways. By contrast, lung compliance was higher in panacinar than in centrilo- bular emphysema. We conclude that: 1) smokers may reach similar values of airflow obstruction and parenchymal destruction in two completely different ways, developing either centrilobular or panacinar emphysema; 2) these two types of emphysema may be present in pure form or may overlap each other, but one type is always clearly predominant; and 3) the degree of either form has important consequences on the degree of airway abnormality and on the mechanical properties of the lung. Eur Respir J., 1994; 7: 664-671.


Manufacture process and influence factors of one-component polyurethane adhesive for cork products were described in detail. The influence of kinds, molecular weight of polyether polyols, water content in raw materials, NCO content in the adhesive and reaction conditions etc. on one-component adhesive performances were studied. The optimum technique conditions for preparation of the adhesive were established.


Background: Social skill training is one of the most effective management for the client with social anxiety and self-esteem. Hence the investigator felt the need to evaluate the effectiveness of social skill training programme on social anxiety and self-esteem.
Aim: to assess the effectiveness of social skill training program on social anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents studying in selected high schools of Bagalkot."
Methodology: True experimental study with pre test- post test control group design with 100 subjects selected through simple random sampling technique and assigned 50 adolescents to experimental group and 50 adolescents to control group by using computer generated random numbers. Data was collected using Kutcher Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder scale to assess the social anxiety and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale to assess the self-esteem among adolescents. Social skill training program was administered for 45mins to 1 hour for 6 consecutive days for experimental group. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency distribution, percentage, mean, mean percentage, Standard Deviation, paired't' test, Unpaired 't' test and Chi-square test.
Findings: Findings related to significance of difference between post test social anxiety and self-esteem scores of experimental group and control group subjects revealed that, a statistically significant difference was found between post test social anxiety scores of experimental group and control group subjects [t=7.23), p<0.05].Similarly there was a statistically significant difference found between post-test self-esteem scores of experimental group and control group subjects [t=6.71, p<0.05].
Conclusion: The study proved that Social skill training programme on social anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents was effective, scientific, logical and cost effective strategy.

Keywords: Adolescents, Social anxiety, Self-esteem, Effectiveness, Social skill training programme and Socio-demographic variables.


Objective:To explore the feasibility of the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs) into corneal stromal cells in vitro and the feasibility of fibrin glue(FG) as the scaffold of cell sheet engineering.Methods:BMSCs was obtained by density gradient centrifugation.The cells were divided into three groups:differentiation to keratocyte phenotype was induced in pellet cultures with serum-free;differentiation of BMSCs was induced in pellet cultures by co-cultured with corneal stromal cell;differentiation of BMSCs was induced in fibrin gels cultures by co-cultured with corneal stromal cell.Keratocyte-specific gene expression was characterized using western blotting.Morphological observations were performed with phpse contrast microscope.Results:BMSCs cultured in vitro showed great potential of proliferation.CD29 was positive,indicating that the cultured cells were MSC.Fibrin glue prepared was smooth and transparent with cell growth,after co-cultured with corneal strom al fibroblasts for one week,BMSCs expressed Keratocan,indicating that they had been transdifferentiated into corneal stromal cell.Conclusion:The BMSCs showed the tendency of induction from BMSCs into norneal stromal cell in exoteie-microenviroment.Fibrin glue was well compatible with corneal cells,which could con-struct tissue engineered cell with fibrin glue.


122Background: One common model of care within the oncology outpatient clinic setting is composed of the physician and primary nurse. We propose that the quality of care provided to oncology patients can be improved in this setting by incorporating the primary clerk into the care team, working in the same office space with the physician and nurse. Methods: Three care teams operating under the new model of care were observed during oncology outpatient clinics periodically from February 2016 to May 2016. The primary clerk's interactions with the other team members were recorded, along with other tasks completed by the clerk that did not require team interactions but impacted quality of care. Data was later complied and organized into four domains that impacted the quality of care provided to patients. Results: The contributions to the care team by the primary clerk include improved clinic flow (e.g., ensuring treatment orders are inputted by the physician), patient convenience (e.g., identifying regularly s...


Double recurrences of double cancers are rarely described in children. When they do occur, selecting an appropriate regimen for treating both cancers is crucial. Here we describe a male patient who experienced a recurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (s-AML) following treatment of both cancers. A 16-year-old, male, Japanese patient received the diagnosis of stage 4 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The primary lesion located in his left cheek, and a metastasis detected in the left pelvis on PET-CT was later confirmed by a bone biopsy. MyoD1 was positive on immunostaining, and PAX3-FKHR gene fusion was also positive. He was initially treated using the Children's Oncology Group ARST0431 protocol consisting of vincristine, irinotecan, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, etoposide, and actinomycin. He then received radiation therapy for both lesions at 54Gy/30 Fr. About 2 months after the completion of the first-line chemotherapy, his white blood cell (WBC) count elevated (72,250/ul, Blast 93.5%). Acute myeloid leukemia expressing an MLL-AF9 fusion transcript detected by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction was diagnosed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Secondary acute myeloid leukemia due to cyclophosphamide and etoposide was suspected and was treated with idarubicin, fludarabine, cytarabine and G-CSF (IDAFLAG). The patient achieved a complete response after two courses of induction therapy, then received busulfan and melphalan as a conditioning regimen before cord blood transplantation. Eleven months later, from day 0 of the cord blood transplantation, the MLL-AF9-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) had relapsed in bone marrow with right-sided pleural effusion and was treated with FLAG. Thereafter, although the AML was in remission in bone marrow, the right-sided pleural effusion persisted, and enhanced CT detected multiple masses in the right pleura (Fig. 1a,b). Initially, extramedullary AML lesions were suspected. However, the right-sided pleural effusion did not respond to FLAG, and a pleural effusion puncture was performed. No malignant cells were detected on microscopy and flow cytometry. To confirm the identity of the multiple masses in the right pleura, a biopsy was performed using a thoracoscope and found small round cells and myoD1, which were positive on immunoblotting (Fig. 1c,d). PAX3-FKHR-positive rhabdomyosarcoma was again diagnosed. After the biopsy, a thoracic cavity drainage and pleurodesis was performed. Two combination regimens, one consisting of ifosfamide and etoposide, the other consisting of cytarabine and topotecan, were chosen to treat both cancers. The patient continued chemotherapy but died 9 months after relapse of the rhabdomyosarcoma. A postmortem examination showed a metastasis in the pericardium and invasion of the myocardium by the rhabdomyosarcoma (Fig. 1e,f). Informed consent was obtained from the parents for publication of this case report. In the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma, etoposide and cyclophosphamide are related to the early development of sAML. Heyn reported that the odds ratio of s-AML development is seven times higher when etoposide and / or cyclophosphamide is used than when they are not. The treatment options for s-AML is limited because of potential organ dysfunction due to first-line chemotherapy, and the s-AML fundamentally tends to be refractory to chemotherapy. Thus, it is generally thought that the prognosis of patients is poorer with s-AML than with de novo AML. The outcome of treatments for sAML in pediatric patients has been reported only for a small series. In our case, s-AML occurred after use of the ARST 0431 protocol, and both the rhabdomyosarcoma and s-AML recurred. We speculated that using cyclophosphamide and etoposide was the main cause of the s-AML. One of the risks of using alkylating agents in the context of secondary leukemia is TP53 gene mutation. Moreover, DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors, including etoposide, are linked to secondary leukemia causing MLL gene translocations at chromosome band 11q23. Our patient had MLL gene translocations at chromosome band 11q23, suggesting that etoposide may have had a large role to play in the leukemogenesis. Moreover, gene mutation such as TP53 may have influenced the leukemogenesis. However, we were unable to investigate the genetic background of our Correspondence: Naoki Kajita, MD, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan. Email: email@example.com Received 25 June 2019; revised 17 January 2020; accepted 21 January 2020. doi: 10.1111/ped.14172


In modelling of elastic objects immersed in a fluid, very important part of the model is the interaction between objects and fluid. In models based on immersed boundary method and lattice-Boltzmann method, this interaction is mediated by friction coefficient between fluid and particles. The friction coefficient is phenomenological and needs to be properly calibrated. In this work we design an experiment, the results of which can be predicted by theoretical computations. Based on the theory, we calibrate friction coefficient to properly describe the interaction between fluid and objects. The simulation experiments are performed in Object-in-fluid framework. We calibrate it for objects immersed in flow with low Reynolds number to model flow of cells inside microfluidic devices. We analyze dependence of interaction method on number of nodes and size of spherical object.


People often forget their long-term strivings because their environment confronts them with attractive temptations. Previous research suggests that self-control failures can be prevented by reminding people of their higher-order goal. Therefore, we hypothesized that using implementation intentions as a tool to directly re-activate people's higher-order goal in tempting situations would effectively enhance self-control. We tested this in the domain of dieting behavior. Results demonstrated that this specific planning strategy activated the dieting goal for unsuccessful dieters when exposed to tempting food cues (Study 1) and reduced their consumption of calorically dense food across 2 weeks (Study 2) compared to those in control conditions. This suggests that preparing people to think of their higher-order goal when tempted can be used to protect ongoing goal striving. Appealing to higher-order goals potentially makes implementation intentions flexible instruments of self-regulation as this should trigger motivated behavior to reach goals and initiate various goal-instrumental actions. Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. People often have to protect their higher-order goals that offer long-term benefits against temptations that promise immediate satisfaction. While keeping in mind one's higher-order goal greatly facilitates this process of self-control (Shah, Friedman,


Objective To evaluate the safety of levonorgestrel- releasing intrauterine system( LNG- IUS) in the treatment of endometriosis( EM) for 5 years. Methods A total of 49 patients with endometriosis were included. The LNG- IUS was inserted into uterine cavity. The acne,facial pigmentation,mammary swelling,the body weight,the body hair and quality of life were scored and compared before and 6,12,36,and 60 months after the insertion of the LNG- IUS. Results Compared with prior treatment,the body weight and the scores of the body hair and facial pigmentation showed no marked change at each point of observation time( P 0. 05),and the scores of quality of life and mammary swelling dropped significantly( P 0. 05). Six months after insertion,the score of acne had no marked change( P 0. 05),but 12,36, and 60 months later, it decreased significantly( P 0. 05). Conclusion LNG- IUS is safe for long- term treatment of endometriosis.


Transfer Learning has become one of the standard methods to solve problems to overcome the isolated learning paradigm by utilizing knowledge acquired for one task to solve another related one. However, research needs to be done, to identify the initial steps before inducing transfer learning to applications for further verification and explainablity. In this research, we have performed cross dataset analysis and network architecture repair for the lane detection application in autonomous vehicles. Lane detection is an important aspect of autonomous vehicles' driving assistance system. In most circumstances, modern deep-learning-based lane recognition systems are successful, but they struggle with lanes with complex topologies. The proposed architecture, ERF-CondLaneNet is an enhancement to the CondlaneNet used for lane identification framework to solve the difficulty of detecting lane lines with complex topologies like dense, curved and fork lines. The newly proposed technique was tested on two common lane detecting benchmarks, CULane and CurveLanes respectively, and two different backbones, ResNet and ERFNet. The researched technique with ERF-CondLaneNet, exhibited similar performance in comparison to Resnet-CondLaneNet, while using 33% less features, resulting in a reduction of model size by 46%.


Background: Female sex workers (FSW) bear a high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STI). In this paper, we estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HBV = hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV = hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis and co-infections in the second Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey among FSW in Brazil. Method: The survey was conducted in 12 Brazilian cities from July to November 2016. We used respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to recruit 350 FSW in each city. Rapid tests were used for screening HIV, syphilis, HCV, and HBV. Confirmatory tests were performed on all samples with reactive rapid test result. All testing algorithms and interpretations were done according to the recommendations of the Department of STI/AIDS and viral hepatitis, Ministry of Health. The STI diagnoses were given by: confirmed HIV infection by a positive result on Western blot; active syphilis infection, defined by a RPR titer equal or greater than 1/8; viremia period of HBV and HCV infections, characterized by a detectable (or quantifiable) viral load. Prevalence estimates and standard errors were calculated using statistical procedures suitable for data collected by RDS. Results: Excluding the seeds, 4245 FSW were enrolled. Prevalence estimates were: HIV 5.3% (95% CI: 4.4%–6.2%); active syphilis 8.5% (95% CI: 7.3%–9.7%); HBV 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2%–0.7%); and, HCV 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6%–1.3%). Among the 4154 FSW tested for the 4 infections, 13.3%; (95% CI 12.0%–14.8%) were diagnosed with at least one of the infections, of which 87.6% (95% CI: 83.3%–90.9%) had single infections. The prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection was 1.09% (95% CI: 0.7%– 1.6%) and of HIV/HCV or HBV infections was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2%–0.7%). Conclusions: Our results reveal the need to conduct more studies to estimate the prevalence of STI and co-infections among FSW in Brazil. Longitudinal trends in the prevalence estimates of HIV and other STI provide information to monitor changes in this high-risk population. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of measuring the hepatitis burden among FSW living with HIV, and the need of including FSW in all aspects of STI prevention, care, and treatment programs.


Lavrik and the author gave uniform bounds of the error term in the approximate functional equation for the derivatives of the Hardy's Z-function. We obtain a new bound of this error term which is much better for high order derivatives.


Abstract: German reunification was a positive market access shock for both East and West Ger- many. Regions that for 45 years had experienced a decline in population due to their loss in market access following the division of Germany after WWII were most strongly aected by this positive shock. We use an entirely new data set to analyse the eects of German reunication on the value of land in West Germany. We nd that regions in the immediate border area experienced a relative rise in land prices compared to regions outside a 100km radius from the border. At the same time we conrm the absence of a population eect (Redding and Sturm, 2008) even including rural boroughs. We nd that land values have adjusted more quickly than population and in some cases even overshot predicted long-run levels within the rst decade of reunication. We attribute this nding to the information and expectation component of land prices. Land values incorporate expectations about long- run equilibrium adjustments following reunication more swiftly, but rms and households are slower to react due to the costs of relocating. The results are consistent with empirical work on the positive eects of infrastructure projects on land values (Yiu and Wong, 2005; Lai et al., 2007; Duncan, 2011).


However, the development of many new materials and procedures offers the opportunity in this latter half of the twentieth century to supply more economical and better education to larger groups of people than has ev.er been done in the past. At the same time the needs of a rapidly expanding population, the impact of the scientific. age, expanding mechanization and automation in industry and concern for defence are all factors certain to affect every phase and level of higher education during the years immediately ahead. Prudent administration dictates a penetrating analysis of all areas of higher education, an analysis employing a research-evaluation approach and expressible in succinct, scientific and practical terms.


Fossil fuel contributes to global warming through emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2.
Measures to reduce these gases may affect food security due to the productive land allocated
for bioenergy production. The aim of this study was to show how leguminous tree species can
contribute to the sustainability and economy of bioenergy production systems on degraded
land. Specific objectives were; firstly, to describe how energy is produced by Eucalyptuspellets,
Sesbania-pellets and sugarcane-ethanol systems through out the life cycle (LCA), and
secondly, analysis of emission reduction by these bioenergy systems. The empirical
background data used consists of data collected from different reports and investigations. The
studied reports cover a broad range of site conditions and methodological approaches. As the
analysis was based on secondary data, an inventory was carried out for energy input and
output, emission and uptake of CO2 from all stages in the life cycle of the assessed products. It
is interesting in this study to have incredible bioenergy production yet it is difficult to obtain
enough consistent data. However, it reveals some remarkable outcomes that can guide future
research. Such outcomes included the high potential for sustainable bioenergy production on
degraded land by using improved fallow with Sesbania which reduces the energy input, costs
and emissions from using commercial N-fertilizers.


The strain on modern electrical power systems has led to an ever-increasing utilization of new information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve their efficiency and reliability. Wide are ...


In the past century there have been remarkable achievements in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Bacteria and viruses have been identified; laboratory techniques have greatly advanced; the pathogenesis and epidemiology have been defined for most diseases; and antibiotics and vaccines have been developed to treat and prevent a host of discusses. Examples are everywhere. We have eradicated smallpox and come close to doing the same for polio. Inexpensive treatments such as Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea have greatly reduced mortality and morbidity among children. Improvements in water and sanitation helped to reduce expose to certain pathogens. Yet despite these great successes in controlling and treating infectious diseases they remain a serious medical burden in both developing and industrialized in countries. It is estimated that about 15 million of the 57 million annual deaths (about 26%) are directly related to infectious diseases. This estimate does not include deaths due to the consequences of past infections (for example rheumatic heart disease) or from complications of chronic infections (for example hepatocellular carcinoma from hepatitis B infection). (excerpt)


Combined injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee results in posterolateral rotatory instability. The detailed anatomy and kinematics of the PCL is well described in the literature as well as the anatomy of the PLC; however, the detailed kinematics of the posterolateral corner ligaments and tendons are not well understood. This information on the posterolateral corner is important for developing a strategy for accurate anatomical reconstructions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the detailed kinematics of the posterolateral corner of the knee ligaments and tendons.© 2010 ASME


In the ecofeminist perspective presented in this thesis I explore the cultural legacy and current trends which have impact upon the links between women and nature. It argues for the continuing relevance of ecofeminism in a discussion of the politics of the body.
Section One outlines the historical development of ecofeminism, its root traditions and the central perspective that has evolved to this day. The evolution of the politics of the body is then discussed with particular reference to the · ecofeminist precept of dualism as an analytical tool. The psycho-sexual origins of the master-class (dominator model) are then considered.
Section Two discusses in detail the cultural devaluation of natural processes evident in the sexual representations of women in the west. Women's magazines and pornography are consulted to test their complicity in the cultural devaluation of woman and nature. The concept of nature under threat is explored by a further consideration of plastic surgery, the new reproductive technology and computers.


This paper is focused on the frictionally induced thermoelastic instability (TEI) in automotive disk brakes. This instability leads to the formation of localized high temperature contact regions known as hot spots. This article investigates the themoelastic instability in automotive disk brake systems consisting of a finite thickness layer (disk) and two half-planes (pads) using a perturbation method. The antisymmetric mode involves hot spots located alternately on two sides of the disk. As a result the circumferentially periodic hot spots produce rotor surface distortion and Induce low frequency vibration. Also the effects of system parameters on the critical speed for TEI are investigated.


To study the results of surgical treatment of patients with primary liver cancer. [WT5HZ]Methods[WT5BZ] From January 1960 to December 1998, 5 524 patients with pathologically proven primary liver cancer (PLC) underwent hepatectomy in our hospital. The surgical results were compared in three periods: 1960-1977 (181 patients), 1978-1989 (921), and 1990-1998 (4?422). [WT5HZ]Results[WT5"FZ] Surgical outcomes were improved gradually as shown by the five year survival rate of 16 0% for the period of 1960-1977, 30 6% for 1978-1989 and 48 6% for 1990-1998. The operation mortality rate was in a decreased order from 8 48%, 0 43% to 0 31% during the consecutive periods.These data indicated the progress in clinical research of primary liver cancer and the importance of surgery. Normothermic intermittent interruption of the portal hepatis, transection with finger fracture and forceps, radical local resection and management of huge tumor involving the portal hepatis and inferior vena cava (IVC) were the main approaches in our practice. [WT5HZ]Conclusions[WT5"FZ] Postoperative recurrence remains to be a problem. Tumor free survival, however, could be increased by early detection and resection, preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), no iatrogenic dissemination, postoperative comprehensive treatment and reoperation. The two stage operation is only indicated for unresectable primary liver cancer but not for all large tumors involving the portal hepatis or IVC. The resectability should be judged carefully.


Conflict-mediation and victim-offender-reconciliation as alternative reactions to deviant behaviour are very much part of the international criminology discussion. Numerous programs have been developed, often associated with the notion of 'restitution', which are intended to relieve the sanctioning systems of the state (Schreckling 1991; Bannenberg 1993). On examination, however, these programs differ considerably due to the different national justice systems (Hammerschick et al. 1994; Trenczek 1993). Opinions differ as to whether victim-offender-reconciliation ought to be an integral part of the instruments of the criminal law or whether it should be established as a medium for 'private' justice. Since the early 1980s, the integration of conflict-mediation and restitution with the existing criminal justice system has been ardently discussed in Germany (Schoch 1987; Rossner & Wulf 1987; Roxin 1990; Albrecht 1993; Hirsch 1990). In the course of this discussion, victim-offender-reconciliation programs have evolved which target victimised natural persons. These programs provide the offender and the victim an opportunity to meet and talk about the offence, its causes as well as its consequences. Financial compensation is also able to be considered as part of a settlement (Pfeiffer 1992; Netzig & Petzold-Berger 1993). Despite various opinions, criminologists and politicians in Germany agreed to accept victim-offender-reconciliation as a means of resolving crime and consequently determining sentence. The 'WAAGE Hannover' described in this paper is an example of a pilot victim-offender-reconciliation program for adult perpetrators which has been integrated into the criminal justice system. Although Victim-Offender Reconciliation with Adult Offenders in Germany


A method for collecting from a fluid stream energy turbine system (10), including a torque arm (12), at least one pair of, preferably symmetrical clam shell turbine blade (14) having opposite torque arm (12 ) upper part (16) connected to the lower half (18). A mating system (46) with symmetrical clamshell turbine blade (14) is connected. Mating system (46) further includes a first system (48) and a second system (52). The first system (48) is connected for controlling and adjusting each individual half clamshell turbine blade (14) (16) and a lower portion (18) is opened and closed. A second system (52) is connected between each pair of symmetrical clam shell turbine blade (14), such that when one clam shell turbine blade (14) is closed, the clamshell opposite turbine blade (14) is opened.


Objective:To compare the difference of effects between the ornidazole-iodoform past and the iodoform past on treatment of deciduous teeth chronic periapical periodontitis.Methods:We selected 107 patients with deciduous teeth chronic periapical periodontitis ,divided them into experiment group(59) and contrast group(48) by random,then observed clinical effects in half a year,recorded the symptom and physical sign of patients.Results:There was significant difference between the ornidazole-iodoform past and the Iodoform past(p0.05).Conclusion:The effects of the ornidazole-iodoform past were better than the iodoform past's on the treatment of deciduous teeth chronic periapical periodontitis.


Background: Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of anti-tubercular drugs have been recommended as a step towards ensuring better treatment and compliance of patients receiving anti-tubercular therapy (ATT).
Methods: The study was an open-label and randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive daily treatment with the conventional FDC dosage formulation or the novel FDC formulation of rifampicin and isoniazid as a part of 4 drug ATT regimen. The outcome measures were sputum conversion rates, radiological response and clinical response.
Results: Of the 105 patients who were randomized 55 received the conventional FDC formulation while 50 received the novel FDC formulation. Of the 105 participants, 51 (48.6%) had PTB with the rest having extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Of the 87 patients could be assessed at the end of 6 months treatment,10/42 (23.8%) of the patients in group A and 13/45 (28.9%) of the patients in group B had some evidence of disease activity at the end of 6 months of treatment on the CT scan or in the Chest X-Ray. A total of 6 (5.8%) patients, three in each group (5.6% in group A and 6.4% in Group B) experienced treatment failure. Of these 3 were classified as treatment failure due to radiological deterioration and 3 due to persistent culture positivity. There was no significant difference in the microbiological, clinical or radiological response rates between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the plasma concentrations of rifampicin and isoniazid at various time points between the two groups.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found no difference in the clinical efficacy of rifampicin and isoniazid drug levels of the novel FDC formulation as compared to the conventional FDC formulation. Further studies are required with larger sample size to study the usefulness of novel FDC formulation.


This paper examines the evolution of airline business models and network structure decisions in the passenger aviation industry. The paper reviews the growth of hub-and-spoke networks as the dominant business model following deregulation in the latter part of the 20th century, followed by the emergence of low cost carriers as a global phenomenon at the end of the century. The paper highlights the link between airline business strategies and network structures, and examines the resulting competition between divergent network structure business models. In this context, we discuss issues of market structure stability and the role played by competition policy.


We investigate the performance of simple cognitive personal area network (CPAN) with cooperative sensing. Nodes are equipped with small buffers of capacity K each, and each node is allowed to transmit a batch of up to μ packets in one transmission cycle. Upon transmission, each node must support the operation of the CPAN by performing sensing duty in the amount obtained by multiplying the number of packets sent in a batch by a variable penalty coefficient We model this system and show the relationship between packet blocking and carried load with respect to scheduling parameter μ, penalty coefficient, traffic load and piconet size.


Research purposes: This paper analyzes the regional,economic and population distribution features of the Hubei Province and researches the necessity of building the intercity railways in Hubei Province on consideration of the railway network planning,the function orientation and corresponding technical standards for providing the reference opinions on building the intercity railways in Hubei Province. Research conclusions:(1) Construction of the intercity railways should fully considers the urban development features,the urban overall planning and the intercity railway network planning to meet the traffic demands among the cities.(2) The comprehensive analysis of the layouts of the tracks and network should be made according to traffic plannings between cities,such as the passenger flow distribution and the other transportation modes.(3) The radiate intercity railway network of "one loop and five axles" for the Wuhan city cycle,with the total railway length of over 1 000 km is presented in the research and it belongs to the moderate level of the developed city cycle in China.(4) The research result presented in this paper can provide the reference to the intercity railway development of the other cities and city cycle.


Inverters are widely used in photovoltaic (PV) based power generation systems. Most of these systems have been based on medium to high power string inverters. Microinverters have been shown to have advantages over their string inverter counterparts in both grid-tied PV energy harvesting and standalone micro-grid systems with energy storage. Some of these advantages are simplified installation, elimination of high voltage dc wiring, higher system reliability and improved energy harvesting. In low power applications such as solar microinverters, increasing the switching frequency can reduce the size of passive components resulting in higher power density. However, switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI) may increase as a consequence of higher switching frequency. Soft switching techniques have been proposed to overcome these issues. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) boundary conduction mode (BCM) peak current control is a promising soft switching candidate for low power applications where the switching losses are usually dominant. For this purpose, three different peak current mode control methods have been introduced: BCM with fixed reverse current, BCM with variable reverse current, and BCM with fixed bandwidth. In these modulation methods, the inductor current is bidirectional during switching cycle to achieve turn-on ZVS. Although BCM control results in increased rms current, conduction losses and core losses when compared to continuous-conduction mode (CCM), switching losses are greatly reduced. This dissertation presents several innovative control techniques which are used to increase efficiency and power density while reducing cost. Dynamic dead time optimization and dual zone modulation techniques have been proposed in this dissertation to significantly improve the microinverter efficiency. In addition, an advanced DC link voltage control has been proposed to increase the microinverter power density. This concept minimizes the storage capacitance by allowing greater voltage ripple on the DC link. Therefore, the microinverter reliability can be significantly increased by replacing electrolytic capacitors with film capacitors.


SUMMARY As an aid to the identification of brachiopods from the Asbian (Lower Carboniferous) reef environments in the northern British Isles, 125 species known from Treak Cliff, Derbyshire, are listed and characterised. Their presence at other localities is recorded. A brief survey of literature related to Treak Cliff is provided.


In this paper few strategic approaches for short term load forecasting has been investigated based on the data collected from the meter dumps of concerned Electrical Substations. The traditional methods of Load Forecasting has been exploited to different sorts of algorithms to perform the forecasting of an existing 11kV Feeder at every fifteen minutes time interval based on the past meter dump data that was made available by the MRT division of the concerned Utility. Three types of the Algorithms namely, the traditional ARIMA Model as Algorithm 1, An Independent Load Frequency Model as Algorithm 2 and an Environment Dependent Independent Load Frequency Model as Algorithm 3 are investigated with equal number of samples from each. Finally based on the obtained errors from these Algorithms a Generalized Conclusion has been drawn. KeywordsARIMA, Short Term Electrical Loads, ANN, Load Forecasting, Load Modeling


Benign lymphoepithelial cysts of the parotid were described in 1958 by Bernier and Bhaskar." Until approximately 1985 they were considered rare and made up less than 3% of benign parotid lesions. However, since the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic there has been a marked increase in their incidence, highly associated with human immunodeficiency virus-I (HIV-I) infection. 2'3 These lesions are benign, painless unless large, and their pathology is largely in the cosmetic deformity they cause. However, most importantly, they are a result of underlying disease and are not simply a local gland problem. Treatment of lymphoepithelial cysts associated with HIV remains controversial. The earliest reports of these lesions all came from surgical specimens removed b y open biopsy or superficial parotidectomy. 2-4 But surgical excision did not change the underlying disease, and the lesions recurred in the remaining glandular tissue. Parotidectomy has now been abandoned as a primary treatment method for these lesions. Repeated aspiration has been advocated as a treatment measure, s'6 but it is not curative and often leads to rapid recurrence. Patients often express dissatisfaction with aspiration because the lesions may remain large and without cosmetic improvement. Treatment with zidovudine (AZT) reduces the general lymphadenopathy causing the formation of these lesions, and has been shown to reduce their size. 7 The remission of the cysts often requires weeks to months of therapy, and the effectiveness of AZT becomes lessened over time. Use of low-dose external-beam radiotherapy, 800 to 2,000 cGy, has been advocated and is often successful. 8 Radiation therapy has the advantage of treating the whole gland, possibly lessening the risk of recurrence.


To investigate Norovirus (NoV) contamination of mussels, clams and oysters harvested in two class B harvesting areas of the delta of the Po river, to choose a species as an indicator.


Long-term survival of xenogeneic transplanted cells in adults requires strong immunosuppression and/or encapsulation of the cells to achieve peripheral transplant tolerance.

 The aim of our project was to seed decellularized tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) with xenogeneic (porcine) mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) transfected transiently (Lipofectamine) with a positron emission tomography (PET)-reporter gene (pMSC-PETr), followed by implantation as pulmonary valve replacement into sheep without immunosuppression. The fate of the seeded pMSC-PETr was tracked via serial in-vivo non-invasive PET-computed tomography (PET-CT).

 Static cultivation of TEHV scaffold led to successful ingrowth of the pMSC-PETr. For enabling quantitative assessment of viable pMSC-PETr in the TEHV scaffold after in vivo implantation, vials containing 5x104, 2x105, and 4x105 pMSC-PETr were in vitro mixed with the [18F]-FHBG PET tracer for 1 hr, then the non-bound tracer was washed out and vials were in vitro PET-CT imaged, giving reference values. TEHV-pMSC-PETr were then implanted percutaneously into the pulmonary valve position of sheep (n=4) under general anesthesia, while an additional sheep with no valve implantation served as a control. Ten mCi of [18F]-FHBGPET radiotracer was produced for each procedure and serial PET-CT imaging of the sheep was performed at 3 hr, 24 hr, 2 or 3 weeks, and 5 and 6 months after valve implantation. The study followed the Principles of laboratory animal care.

 PET-CT of vials containing increasing number of pMSC-PETr showed dose-dependent tracer uptake in the transfected cells in vitro (Figure). PET-CT images of the sheep 3 hr after implantation of the TEHV-pMSC-PETr showed a clear signal of transfected cells, with a mean estimated number of viable pMSC-PETr of 5.18±1.19x106. No meaningful decrease of the amount of living cells occurred at 24 hr or 2 or 3 weeks. Interestingly, 5- and 6-month follow-up PET-CT images showed clear in vivo and in vitro (after explantation) PET signals of the pMSC-PETr on TEHV, indicating spontaneous stable transfection of the PET reporter plasmid (insertional mutagenesis). Histology confirmed the survival of the pMSC-PETr at 5 and 6-month after xenogeneic transplantation. Merged immunohistochemistry and fluorescence imaging of anti-pig SLA I and anti-sheep MHC I antibodies and PET-reporter gene (HSV1-tk) suggested in vivo inter-species lateral jump gene transfer between pig MSCs and host sheep cells.
 Figure 1

 This is the first report on serial non-invasive in vivo tracking of long-term survival of xenogeneic pMSCs-PETr seeded on TEHVs and percutaneously implanted into the pulmonary position of sheep. Long-term follow-up revealed spontaneous stable transfection of the plasmid PET-reporter gene, which suggests the risk of insertional mutagenesis induced by the plasmid (transposon), and PET-reporter gene shuttle from xenogeneic pig MSCs to sheep cells.

 LifeValve EU project (grant number: 242008)


Growth of stem cells and / or progenitor cells, proliferation, methods and compositions for stimulating the differentiation and / or mobilization is described. This method is related to administering an effective amount of a substance capable of activating CD163 hemoglobin scavenger receptor signaling pathway. These methods and compositions to stimulate hematopoiesis, and cytopenia, treating a wide range of conditions including anemia, as well as in use in the preparation of cells for transplantation.


Abstract : This report presents the results of a program conducted between July, 1974 and Nov. 1975 under NASA-Lewis Contract NAS3-17837. The objective of this program was to demonstrate the improved foreign object damage resistance of Hamilton Standard's metal matrix advanced composite fan blade which was developed beginning in 1973. The contract program included the fabrication, whirl impact test and subsequent evaluation of nine advanced composite fan blades of the "QCSEE' type design. The blades were designed to operate at a tip speed of 282 m/sec. (925 fps). The blade design was the spar/shell type, consisting of a titanium spar and boron/aluminum composite airfoils. The blade retention was designed to rock on impact with large birds, thereby reducing the blade bending stresses. The program demonstrated the ability of the blades to sustain Impacts with up to 681 g (24 oz) slices of birds at 0.38 rad with little damage (only 1.4% max weight loss) and 788 g (27.8 oz) slices of birds at 0.56 rad with only 3.2% max weight loss. Unbonding did not exceed 1.1% of the post-test blade area during any of the tests. Cne test using a fixed retention to preclude rocking confirmed improved FOD performance of the rocking retention. Correlation of the Hamilton Standard FOD analysis with the empirical results (strain gauge data in some tests) was very satisfactory, particularly in the prediction of gross loads. All blades in the post-test condition were judged capable of operation in accordance with the FAA guidelines for medium and large bird impacts. (MM)


During the underwater survey of the pearl and chank beds off Tuticorin carried out by 'Scuba' diving,
a number of amphipods were also seen amongst various material collected from the sea bottom. These amphipods were studied in detail. incorporating the amphipods of the pearl banks of Ceylon described by Walker (1904) a complete list with synonymies of all the reported species of amphipods from the Gulf of Mannar, together with the description and sketches of species wherever found necessary, has been given in this account.


The performance and administration of a government contract are intertwined with contractor compliance with environmental laws. This presents a complex myriad of concerns for both the regulating federal agency, the federal agency administering the contract, and the contractor. This article examines the unique situation in which the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) must exercise its sovereign obligations under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (RHA), while administering a fixed-priced construction contract in its proprietary capacity.


The article is devoted to the forms of sacred and secular music in Russia at the turn of the 18th century. The two research objectives in this case were the process of interaction of the two branches of musical culture and the evidence of secularization of the church music of that time. The author had done the intensive search of new sources of the worship texts, had undertaken their reconstruction and analysis, and provided comparisons with the existing secular poetic forms.


Arzu KILIÇLAR, *Ayşe ŞAHİN, Sultan SARIKAYA, İsmail BOZKURT a Gazi University, Faculty of Tourism, Deparment of Travel Management and Tourism Guide, Ankara/Turkey b Gazi University, Faculty of Tourism, Deparment of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Ankara/Turkey c Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Tourism, Deparment of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Eskişehir/Turkey d Gazi University, MS, Institute of Social Science, Deparment of Tourism Management, Ankara/Turkey


Face recognition is the process of identifying the human face with the help of computerized system mostly for the purpose of security reasons. As the face is very important characteristic of human body through which one can uniquely identify the person. So focusing the face for authentication or identification is at most important for variety of its applications. It is the problem of pattern recognition which can be easily and efficiently solved with artificial neural networks (ANN). Pattern recognition is the process through which particular patterns can be identified, recognized based on the relatedness and similarities between the patterns. Face recognition is having number of applications such as authentication at various offices, organizations or other sectors where security is of utmost important. The proposed methodology for face recognition made use of visible, thermal and fused image database. Thermal imaging detects the heat of the object or face. The artificial neural network is a very efficient technology to enhance the results. Here backpropagation and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm were compared by using the same database. The Backpropagation algorithm achieved the accuracy of 92.86% and for Levenberg-Marquardt accuracy is 83.92%.


Rao's score statistic is a standard tool for constructing statistical tests.If departures from the null model are described by some k-dimensional exponential family the resulting score test is called also smooth test or Neyman's smooth test with k components. An important practical question in applying a smooth test in the goodness-of-fit problem is how large k should be taken. Since a wrong choice may give a considerable loss of power,it is important to make a careful selection.Renewed research in this area shows that the simple question has no simple deterministic answer. Therefore,edwina introduced,for testing a simple goodness-of-fit hypothesis,a data driven version of Neyman's smooth test. First,Schwarz's rule is applied to find a suitable dimension and then the smooth test statistic in the "right" dimension finishes the job. Simulation results and some theoretical considerations show that this data driven version of smooth tests performs well for a wide range of alternatives,and is competitive with ...


Over the years, much effort has been put into mastitis control programs. To further improve such programs, we need to understand farmers' knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding udder health, and the way this can be influenced by mastitis control programs. This study aimed to explore the effect of a Dutch national mastitis control program on farmers' knowledge, attitude and behavior regarding mastitis. In this study, 204 randomly selected dairy farmers completed a survey on attitude, knowledge and behavior regarding mastitis before the start of the national mastitis control program (2004) and in the final year of the program (2009). Statistical analyses show that, compared to 2004, the attitude, knowledge and behavior of the participating farmers changed significantly. Farmers' satisfaction level and problem level of BMSCC changed; farmers were satisfied with on average 156,000 cells/ml in 2004 compared to 150,000 cells/ml in 2009, and perceived a problem at 285,000 cells/ml in 2004 compared to 271,000 cells/ml in 2009. More farmers perceived that they had sufficient knowledge about the control of mastitis (34% in 2004 vs. 53% in 2009), and they focused more often on udder health characteristics when selecting bulls (46% vs. 61%). Specific mastitis control measures have increased significantly during the program. The use of milking gloves increased from 15% to 46%, the use of a standardized mastitis treatment protocol increased from 7% to 34% and cubicles are cleaned more often (2.28 vs. 2.51 times/day).


When a government is indifferent, the initiative for change must come from civil society. Citizens who elect and pay for governments cannot and should not remain quiet when essential services are in disarray and public accountability is lacking. It was against this background that a small of citizens launched a citizen report card (CRC) on public services in Bangalore, a large city in Southern India in 1994. A CRC represents an assessment of public services of the city from the perspective of its citizens. The latter are the users of these services and can provide useful feedback on the quality, efficiency, and adequacy of the services and the problems they face in their interactions with service providers. When there are different service providers, it is possible to compare their ratings across services. The resultant pattern of ratings (based on public satisfaction) is then converted into a report card on the city's services. A citizen report card on public services is not just one more opinion poll. Report cards reflect the actual experience of people with a wide range of public services. The survey on which a report card is based covers only those who have had experiences in the use of specific services and interactions with the relevant public agencies, or other aspects of public services. Users possess fairly accurate information, for example, on whether a public agency actually solved their problems or whether they had to pay bribes to officials. Of course, errors of recall cannot be ruled out. But the large numbers of responses that sample surveys generate lend credibility to the findings.


Inżynieria Mineralna — STYCZEŃ – CZERWIEC <2015> JANUARY – JUNE — Journal of the Polish Mineral Engineering Society 1) Ing., Ph.D.; AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2) Ing.; AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; email: email@example.com 3) AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; email: email@example.com


The immediate postoperative cerebral complications of 65 carotid occlusions were evaluated. The occlusions were done in all but one case for intracranial saccular aneurysms and were performed by either direct ligation (quick type) or slow turning down of a Silverstone clamp or similar device (slow occlusion). Cerebral complications occurred in 21 patients. The quick type of occlusion of the artery resulted in a complication rate of 24% whereas the slow type had a rate of 38%. A total of 123 cases involving cerebral complications after carotid ligation were collected from the literature and evaluated. The combined total of 81 cases of transient complications that were collected from the literature and from our series showed that such deficits occur frequently from 10 minutes to six hours after the occlusion of the vessel.


Travel Report to the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2005 iii PR-TN 2005/01087 Unclassified iv © Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2005 Unclassified PR-TN 2005/01087


The range of equipment and materials used within a blood transfusion service is considerable, and many items have a direct impact on the quality and/or safety of the end product or service. Many items are fairly specialized and in some countries the number of vendors capable of supplying a particular item may be very limited. In addition, many items have quite strict storage requirements; with the result that the supply chain should be well researched and designed if shortages or quality failures of received items are to be avoided. Equipment and materials management in the context of this section refers to the acquisition of equipment, reagents, disposables and all other materials required for the efficient and effective operation of a blood transfusion service, including the acquisition of spare parts and replacements; and the validation, calibration and maintenance of equipment and materials as appropriate. Materials that could directly affect the quality or safety of products or services are referred to as critical materials and should be obtained only from suppliers that have been shown to meet the organization's requirements in terms of service, quality and cost. Examples of critical materials are blood bags and blood grouping reagents. Some of the equipment used in the blood transfusion service is also critical to the quality of the end product, e.g. scales or balances used in the collection of blood units, and should also be acquired from, and serviced by, vendors who have been approved by the organization. Many of the observations regarding equipment and material validation and supplier approval, made in this section, will also apply to other facilities such as the waste disposal company, or the company providing transportation of blood and blood products. The comments and observations should therefore be seen in this broader context.


Compared to more developed markets, the South African fragrance category is significantly smaller in value terms. However, with robust growth anticipated over the next few years, it represents a high potential space to explore.


In 1947, the Social Security Administration sent to the states recommendations for improving state unemployment insurance provisions during the state legislative sessions. The suggestion was advanced that the states might well expand their social insurance protection by providing for a system of cash benefits to workers when they are sick or temporarily disabled. Accompanying these recommendations was the statement, "It makes little difference to workers, in terms of wage loss, whether they are unemployed because of lack of work or because of illness. As a matter of fact, the latter contingency places a double burden on workers because it results not only in cessation of earnings but in medical costs...." 1 In March of the same year, Arthur Altmeyer, Commissioner for Social Security, in a paper on the subject of temporary disability insurance coordinated with state unemployment insurance programs, paraphrased this same thought when he stated that, "It is obviously


Karnataka showed that the disease 61.24 per cent in different taluks. Among the districts, the highest mean disease %) followed by Tumakuru (52.57 %), Bengaluru urban (51.13 %),


Gas chimneys are one of the most intriguing manifestations of the focused fluid flows in sedimentary basins. To predict natural and human-induced fluid leakage, it is essential to understand the mechanism of how fluid flow localizes into conductive chimneys and the chimney dynamics. This work predicts conditions and parameters for chimney formation in two fields in the SW Barents Sea, the Tornerose field and the Snøhvit field in the Hammerfest Basin. The work is based on two types of models, basin modeling and hydro-mechanical modeling of chimney formation. Multi-layer basin models were used to produce the initial conditions for the hydro-mechanical modeling of the relatively fast chimneys propagation process. Using hydro-mechanical models, we determined the thermal, structural, and petrophysical features of the gas chimney formation for the Tornerose field and the Snøhvit field. Our hydro-mechanical model treats the propagation of chimneys through lithological boundaries with strong contrasts. The model reproduces chimneys identified by seismic imaging without pre-defining their locations or geometry. The chimney locations were determined by the steepness of the interface between the reservoir and the caprock, the reservoir thickness, and the compaction length of the strata. We demonstrate that chimneys are highly-permeable leakage pathways. The width and propagation speed of a single chimney strongly depends on the viscosity and permeability of the rock. For the chimneys of the Snøhvit field, the predicted time of formation is about 13 to 40 years for an about 2 km high chimney.


Does a letter of comfort constitute a promise enforceable against its issuer or is its effect confined to the creation of a moral rather than a legal obligation? This question arises in modern trade mainly because businessmen frequently fail to reach a consensus in their bargains about the nature of the letter of comfort to be issued as a collateral. The object of this article is to compare the answers given to the question in English and Australian cases with thesolution provided in civil law countries.


H ans Christian Andersen's fairy tale "The Nightingale" is the story of an emperor who becomes so enraptured with the singing of a little gray nightingale that he decides to keep it captive in his quarters so that he may never be without its music. One day, the emperor's courtiers present him with a new bird—a mechanical version that sparkles with jewels and produces technically flawless music—and it quickly becomes the talk of the court. The two birds are made to perform together, but the nightingale performs with such fanciful independence that it becomes clear the two birds are very different. The mechanical bird's worth is called into question, but the royal music master assures the emperor that the mechanical bird "keeps perfect time and is correct in every way," thus restoring everyone's interest in its precision and glittering beauty. The disheartened nightingale retreats to the forest, and meanwhile the mechanical bird stops working. The emperor falls gravely ill. Only the return of the nightingale spares him from death, now that he is once again able to hear its exquisite singing. The nightingale promises to remain in the


The invention discloses a method based on the topology protection of a distributing network, which comprises the following steps: (1) all distributing automation terminals respectively form a distributing network topology structure, and each distributing automation terminal is linked with adjacent nodes in a lateral communication mode; and (2) whether each switch is an adjacent node is judged based on a line failure criterion; if yes, the network topology protection corresponding to the switch is activated to trip the switch of the node; and otherwise, the network topology protection is not activated, wherein the line failure criterion is as follows: if the switch is not a transformer substation outlet switch and a line overcurrent failure is detected in one and only one of N adjacent nodes, the fact that the switch is a failed adjacent node is judged; and if the switch is a transformer substation outlet switch and a line overcurrent failure is detected in one and only one of N nodes including the transformer substation outlet switch, the fact that the transformer substation outlet switch is a failed adjacent node is judged. The method can rapidly, accurately and selectively position the failure and isolate the failure.


The STG-CT, operated by the DLR Institute for Aerodynamics and Flow Technology in Gottingen, is a vacuum facility specically designed to provide and maintain a space-like vacuum environment for researching plume flow and plume impingement from satellite reaction control thrusters. Its unique liquid-helium driven cryopump of 30m2 allows maintaining a background pressure <10^-5 mbar even when molecular hydrogen is a plume constituent.


Solid state Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (ssDSCs)
[1] are very promising photovoltaic devices, potentially
stable, economical, and easy to integrate into
existing architectural elements. A ssDSC is based
on the fine intermixing between an electron- and a
hole-conductor, often a thin nanostructured titanium
dioxide layer onto which a monolayer of molecular
organic dye (generally Ru-based) is chemisorbed,
and an organic material (usually P3HT or Spiro-
OmeTAD). The whole nanostructured composite, 2-
3 μm thick, is sandwiched between two electrodes
and encapsulated by a transparent sealant. Despite
an intense investigation aimed at improving the
macroscopic performance of these devices, many
fundamental aspects of their behavior still need to
be addressed. In particular charge diffusion through
the nanostructured composite film must to be understood
and modelled to drive the optimization
of the device. The entire cell is usually modelled
using drift-diffusion equations for both electrons
and holes in an effective medium framework. By
effective medium we mean that the real structure of
the mesoporous materials are not explicitly taken
into account in the model, and an effective material
is used instead [2]. However, the real structure
between electron- and hole-conductor materials is
far more complex.


V-chips. TV program ratings. On-air icons. FCC-friendly children9s programs. Suddenly, parents are being barraged by a bewildering new array of television tools, technology and talk. Powerful interests, from Hollywood to Washington to Madison Avenue, are saying they know what9s best for children9s TV. But like everything else about raising children, when it comes to TV, mother and father do, indeed, know best. With more than 2,000 hours a day of programming beamed by broadcast and cable channels into America9s homes, parents need clear guidance to help them find positive programming for their children and families. And if parents think the television their children watch isn9t important or doesn9t have an impact on them, consider this:


............ Introduction. .......... Purpose and scope ....... General description of the area Streamflow data ......... Streamflow characteristics. . . . Summary ............. References cited. ........ Page


Objective:To explore the differences between ERCP combined with LC and open operation in the treatment of chronic cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis.Methods:541patients with chronic cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis were treated by the combined procedures and the open operation during January 2005 and Febrary 2010.Hospital stay and complications have been analyzed.Results:The hospital stay of the patients who were treated by combined procedures was much shorter than the ones were treated by open operation.Conclusions:Combined LC with ERCP is proved safe and worth promoting.


This paper uses the context of the Sydney Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (SOCOG) as a case study. It examines how information and knowledge management (KM) were utilised through a specific knowledge project (the Sydney 2000 Games Information System) in an event‐driven organisation with a limited lifespan and increasing staff numbers. This project helped ensure that SOCOG's KM processes became aligned with the corporate objective of sharing knowledge across the organisation, rather than it remaining in the programs or divisions where it was created. The article is written from personal experience and outlines SOCOG's KM growth and development from an information management approach into a wider knowledge management role, assisted by a technology solution. As a commercial knowledge legacy, there was a formal agreement signed between the IOC and SOCOG, which formalised SOCOG's selling of explicit and tacit knowledge. However we believe that the most important lesson that other event organisers can learn from the SOCOG KM project is that accurate and accessible information can be managed effectively throughout a growing organisation.


Introduction Phase-contrast flow imaging is widely available for clinical exams and has the potential of providing significant benefits over echo as it can overcome user-dependency and limited accessibility. However, due to the limitations of ECG-triggered cine imaging and additional aspects specific to flow (longer echo spacing, repeated acquisitions for multiple flow encodings), only highly segmented acquisitions with compromises in spatial and temporal resolution and rather long breath holding times or even longer free breathing scans with compromised image quality are achievable. Therefore a significant acceleration of MR flow imaging is desirable, enabling high resolution flow imaging in short breath holdings. Phase contrast flow imaging seems most suitable for acceleration due to its multi-dimensionality and data redundancy. Methods have been proposed to accelerate flow imaging [1,2]. We demonstrate the feasibility of using L1 regularized wavelet based compressed sensing [3,4] for Cartesian MR flow imaging (CS Flow) with inline reconstruction and compare it to a standard breathhold flow protocol. Parameters for temporal resolution and regularization are varied and effects on flow results are analyzed. Methods CS Flow quantification was implemented by combining compressed sensing and iterative reconstruction methods with flow imaging. Pseudo-random sampling was implemented for a spoiled gradient echo 2D k-t-sparse cine phase contrast acquisition. High resolution single slice datasets with through-plane flow encoding were acquired in volunteers (n=12) in the aorta at pulmonary level (TE/TR 2.5/3.8 ms, 240x196 matrix, inplane res. 1.4x1.7 mm, slice thickness 6 mm, Reff=7.5). Nominal temporal resolution (TR) was varied between 9 and 36 ms, resulting in acquisition durations between 6 and 24 heartbeats. For example, the protocol with TR 18 ms required 12 heartbeats. For comparison, an equivalent conventional flow protocol (Ref) with longer scan time (GRAPPA R=2, 19 heartbeats, TR 38 ms) was acquired. Volunteer measurements were repeated 5 times for reproducibility for a selected CS Flow protocol and Ref. To investigate the influence of the regularization parameter on the quantitative flow results, it was varied starting from a value optimized for cine imaging. Analysis was performed using commercial flow analysis software (ARGUS Flow, Siemens AG Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany). Forward flow and peak velocity were calculated. As a measure for temporal fidelity, the peak acceleration was determined. Results CS Flow iterative data reconstruction could be performed in-line at 1 s/frame. Forward volume (FV) and peak velocity (PV) results correlated well with the reference (r>0.9 for CS vs. Ref, highest correlation r=0.97 for TR 18 ms) but were higher compared to Ref (rel. difference FV TR 9 ms: 5.62%, 18ms: +4.83%; 27ms: +5.67%, 36ms : +5.27%; PV TR 9 ms: 8.71%, 18ms: +7.84%; 27ms: +10.15%, 36ms: +14,41%) but did not show any significant dependency on the regularization parameter (fig. 3). Temporal fidelity was improved in the CS Flow protocols with shorter TR and was preserved in accelerated protocols with comparable temporal resolution (9 ms: 15.3 m/s; 18ms: 13.2 m/s; 27ms: 12.0 m/s; 36ms: 9.9 m/s; reference: 9.2 m/s). Reproducibility of the CS Flow protocol was slightly lower than of the reference (stdev. CS Flow 18ms: FV/PV 4.99%/4.33%; reference: 4.52%/2.85%). Figure 1 shows the flow results for FV and PV of a volunteer measurement using the accelerated CS Flow protocols and the standard sequence. In figure 2 some examples of systolic and diastolic magnitude and phase images for TR 18 ms with different regularization parameters and reference from the same volunteer and the corresponding flow curves are shown. Higher regularization resulted in improved signal-to-noise ratio. Analysis of the background signal showed an increased signal in CS Flow data vs. reference (fig. 3). Discussion and Conclusions CS Flow opens up the possibility of phase contrast flow acquisitions with short breathhold times or with higher temporal and spatial resolution. This extends the applicability of flow measurements to patients with low breath holding capabilities and arrhythmia. The temporal fidelity in the aortic flow data was improved for CS Flow protocols with higher temporal resolution. In the initial implementation CS Flow showed an increased background signal compared to the reference, as a consequence of the irregular sampling and regularization [5]. This implies the need for further adaptation of the method to the specific application as well as a wider clinical evaluation to identify the best compromise between acceleration and required data quality for diagnosis. However, shorter breath holdings and higher resolution may also result in a gain in quality on top of the actual speed-up. Due to the high level of integration CS Flow can easily replace the current standard.


During the summers of 1998-2000 four Saami villages in southern Sapmi carried out a survey of traditional reindeer herding sites. Reindeer herding of today engages a small Saami minority, but the reindeer herders are important as bearers of Saami culture and language. Reindeer herding has, however, been called into question from several different directions. In this process, which often leads to court, the ability of the Saami villages to present evidence of previous reindeer herding in a region, either in written records or as remains in the landscape, has become an argument for the continued rights of use of certain winter-grazing areas. As a result, archaeology has acquired a new relevance for the Saami villages. But the procedures of archaeological surveys and of the cultural heritage conservation in Sweden are based on ethnocentric assumptions. In a cultural sense, Sapmi of the past and present-day Sweden belong to two different continents, even though they happen to be situated in the same comer of the world. When working with Saami history it is necessary to do away with the distinction between "nature" and "culture", just like a number of other dualisms that are relevant only in a (modernl Western context. Ifwe replace "nature" and "culture" with "environment", we will increase our possibilities to translate Saami history into the language of archaeology and to make archaeology relevant to local people in the mountain region.


The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) has been carrying out upgrade project on the Pohang Light Source (PLS) to PLS-II. The overall lattice of the storage ring for PLS-II has been changed, thus many magnets installed in storage ring at present should be replaced with new or modified ones. The magnetic field qualities of the quadrupole and sextupole magnets will be measured using new rotating coils which were fabricated using an aluminum-oxide bar for the first time at PAL. The data acquisition system for field measurement has been rebuilt to make it simple and to have a good signal to noise ratio. In this presentation, the design parameters of the rotating coil and some test results are presented.


In modern analytical database systems, the performance of the data scan operation is of key importance to the performance of query execution. Existing approaches may be categorized into index scan and sequential scan. However, both approaches have inherent inefficiencies. Indeed, sequential scan may need to access a large amount of unneeded data, especially for queries with low selectivity. Instead, index scan may involve a large number of expensive random memory accesses when the query selectivity is high. Moreover, with the growing complexities in database query workloads, it has become hard to predict which approach is better for a particular query. In order to obtain fast and robust scans under all selectivities, this paper proposes BinDex, a two-layered index structure based on binned bitmaps that can be used to significantly accelerate the scan operations for in-memory column stores. The first layer of BinDex consists of a set of binned bitmaps which filter out most unneeded values in a column. The second layer provides some auxiliary information to correct the bits that have incorrect values. By varying the number of bit vectors in the first layer, BinDex can make a tradeoff between memory space and performance. Experimental results show that BinDex outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches with less memory than a B+-tree would use. And by enlarging the memory space, BinDex can achieve up to 2.9 times higher performance, eliminating the need for making a choice between sequential or index scans.