Long-term 17.6 GHz radio monitoring of the broad absorption-line quasar, Mrk 231, detected a strong flare in late 2017. This triggered four epochs of Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations from 8.4 to 43 GHz over a 10 week period as well as an X-ray observation with NuSTAR. This was the third campaign of VLBA monitoring that we have obtained. The 43 GHz VLBA was degraded in all epochs, with only 7 of 10 antennas available in three epochs and 8 in the first epoch. However, useful results were obtained due to a fortuitous capturing of a complete, short 100 mJy flare at 17.6 GHz, both growth and decay. This provided useful constraints on the physical model of the ejected plasma that were not available in previous campaigns. We consider four classes of models: discrete ejections (both protonic and positronic) and jetted (protonic and positronic). The most viable model is a "dissipative bright knot" in a faint background leptonic jet with an energy flux ∼1043 erg s−1. Inverse Compton scattering calculations (based on these models) in the ambient quasar photon field explains the lack of a detectable increase in X-ray luminosity measured by NuSTAR. We show that the core (the bright knot) moves toward a nearby secondary at ≈0.97c. The background jet is much fainter. Evidently, the high-frequency VLBA core does not represent the point of origin of blazar jets, in general, and optical depth "core shift" estimates of jet points of origin can be misleading.


Although the structure of strepogenin is not known, some evidence indicates that this peptide-like growth factor is a derivative of glutamic acid (1, 2). Because the evidence on this point was suggestive rather than conclusive, a number of derivatives of glutamic acid have been synthesized and assayed for strepogenin activity in the growth test with Lactobacillus casei (3). Peptide derivatives involving each of the three functional groups of glutamic acid were investigated in an attempt to learn from model compounds whether glutamic acid peptides possessed activity, and, if they did, what type of linkage of this amino acid was most conducive to it. A few compounds in which the substitution was on the amino group were found to have significant strepogenin potency. Clues were thus obtained to indicate something of the nature of strepogenin. Some of this work was influenced by the antagonistic relationship which existed between the toxic aspartic acid-containing peptide lycomarasmin and the growth factor strepogenin as described in a preliminary communication (1). To aid in arriving at any conclusion as to the nature of strepogenin a number of peptides not containing glutamic acid were tested for activity. All of these were found to be inactive. An aspartic acid derivative identical with one of the active glutamic acid peptides, except that aspartic acid replaced the glutamic acid, was found to be inhibitory of growth, and this toxic action was prevented by small amounts of strepogenin concentrate. Because some of the desired peptides contained serine combined through its carboxyl group, it was necessary to use the azide method of coupling rather than the acid chloride procedure. In the latter, the alcoholic group of serine would be replaced by Cl. Although Fruton has employed carbobenzoxyserine for the formation of seryl peptides (4), the difficulties connected with carbobenzoxy compounds forced us to use p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) derivatives instead. Tosylated amino acids were readily prepared and could be converted in excellent yield to tosylated diand tripeptides. These latter could be converted to the free peptides by reduction with


Species can sometimes spread significant distances beyond their natural dispersal ability by anthropogenic means. International shipping routes and the transport of shipping containers, in particular are a commonly recognised pathway for the introduction of invasive species. Species can gain access to a shipping container and remain inside, hidden and undetected for long periods. Currently, government biosecurity agencies charged with intercepting and removing these invasive species when they arrive to a county's border only assess the most immediate point of loading in evaluating a shipping container's risk profile. However, an invasive species could have infested a container previous to this point and travelled undetected before arriving at the border. To assess arrival risk for an invasive species requires analysing the international shipping network in order to identify the most likely source countries and the domestic ports of entry where the species is likely to arrive. We analysed an international shipping network and generated pathway simulations using a first-order Markov chain model to identify possible source ports and countries for the arrival of Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) to Australia. We found Kaohsiung (Taiwan) and Busan (Republic of Korea) to be the most likely sources for Khapra beetle arrival, while the port of Melbourne was the most likely point of entry to Australia. Sensitivity analysis revealed significant stability in the rankings of foreign and Australian ports. This methodology provides a reliable modelling tool to identify and rank possible sources for an invasive species that could arrive at some time in the future. Such model outputs can be used by biosecurity agencies concerned with inspecting incoming shipping containers and wishing to optimise their inspection protocols. Copyright: ß 2012 Paini, Yemshanov. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


David Lewis argues that centered worlds give us a way to capture de se, or selflocating, contents in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. In recent years, centered worlds have also gained other uses in areas ranging widely from metaphysics to ethics. In this paper, I raise a problem for centered worlds and discuss the costs and beneĕts of different solutions. My investigation into the nature of centered worlds brings out potentially problematic implicit commitments of the theories that employ them. In addition, my investigation shows that the conception of centered worlds widely attributed to David Lewis is not only problematic, but in fact not his.


The selective extraction of periplasmic proteins by osmotic shock was investigated. The effects of the extraction efficiency and the pollution from the cytoplasmic proteins were tested and monitored,respectively,in terms of the specific activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH). And the morphology and differential expression of the periplasmic proteins of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were analyzed by using TEM and 2-D electrophoresis. The results show that the preferable schema of osmotic shock is founded as follows:the wet mass of cell is 0.1 g,the molar ratios of hypertonic saline to hypotonic saline is 1:1,the volume of the osmotic solvent is 10 mL and the extracting time is 15 min. The TEM images show that under the treatment from hypertonic to hypotonic environment,the cell outer membrane is selectively burst,which makes the periplasmic space protein released. The 2-D electrophoregrams display the most of periplasmic proteins are small molecular weight protein and cells growth in different phase present difference in periplasmic proteins expression.


The development of techniques of population prediction is outlined and the basic principles discussed. The need for the recognition of the subclassifications within which the trends of population components are consistent and interpretable is emphasised and also the importance of substantive as opposed to formal investigation of demographic movements. Accounts are given of recent research, relevant to prediction, in the mathematical description of mortality, nuptiality and fertility by age and duration variables. A systematic scheme for applying time relational models in this way is developed. The place of cohort methods is examined and it is concluded that their standard use for extrapolation of the level of fertility into the future is not justified in conditions similar to those in England and Wales. A procedure of cyclic projection of time period measures is proposed as an alternative.


"...These songs should be regarded as the best of the butter which has been churned from the ocean of milk of the Buddha's teachings." Ritual music is a significant but often misunderstood aspect of Tibetan Buddhism. Specifically, vocal music serves a variety of purposes that distinguish the genre from Western music. In order to understand and appreciate ritual vocal music from a Western perspective, there must be firm understanding of the importance of melody and the source of its value. The author has studied with members of the Tibetan Buddhist monastic community, focusing on ritual vocal music and the process of composition. Through an examination of the vocal music composition and of concepts of inspiration and creativity, this paper will shed light on the crucial role of the composer and the process of composing in Tibetan Buddhism. 1 Choyam Trungpa Rinpoche, foreward to The Rain of Wisdom, translated by Nalanda Translation Committee, (Boulder: Shambhala Publications, 1980), xiii.


Introduction Reported clinical results suggest that vertebroplasty is a safe and effective technique for providing pain relief. However, information about the long-term effect of PMMA on the adjacent intervertebral discs and the augmented bone is lacking. Adjacent intervertebral discs may be at higher risk of degeneration due to nutritional constraints. Bone loss in augmented vertebrae may occur due to mechanical stress-shielding or toxicological effects. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the effect of PMMA augmentation on intervertebral disc and bone tissue after 6 and 12 months, using an animal model. Methods In 12 skeletally mature sheep, 2.0ml PMMA (Simplex P) was injected into three lumbar vertebrae (approved by Animal Ethics Committee). Two injection holes were drilled into the middle of three vertebrae at a distance of 5.0mm from the cranial and caudal endplate and 1.0ml PMMA was injected into each hole. Four weeks before euthanasia, animals received an injection of tetracycline for bone labeling. Postmortem, T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and axial MR images were taken prior to fixation in 80% ethanol. Spines were cut into specimens containing one intervertebral disc and half of the two adjacent vertebrae. The discs which were two levels above the first augmented vertebra served as controls. Microsections were stained with H&E, Goldner, Alcian blue-PAS and Safranin O. MRI signal intensity and morphology of discs were evaluated qualitatively. Histomorphological analysis of discs and endplates was conducted using published criteria [1]. Presence of bone remodeling, fibrous tissue and foreign body reaction in the vertebrae was also recorded. Results There was no distinguishable loss of MRI signal intensity in the discs in between augmented vertebrae. Cement injection resulted in blocking 50–75% of the endplate lengths. Most discs that were in between augmented vertebrae showed signs of degeneration (chondrocyte proliferation, necrosis) after 6 (80%) and 12 months (88%). Inflammatory reaction to PMMA was observed in some specimens (approximately 25%). Cement had been covered with fibrous tissue in all augmented vertebrae, but tetracycline labeling revealed new bone formation in the vicinity of PMMA. Discussion Augmentation of three adjacent vertebrae initiated degenerative changes of intervertebral discs in between two augmented vertebrae. This is in contrast to previous animal studies [2] where no degenerative changes after cementing endplates were observed. Current investigations were performed with the specific aim to block the endplates. Clinically, endplates may not get blocked as effectively. On the other hand, discs in older patients are nutritionally constrained due to end-plate calcification and even partial blockage may lead to degenerative changes as documented presently. The risk of degenerative changes of intervertebral discs should be considered in patients undergoing vertebroplasty.


Based on the theory of OBE education and teaching reform, graduation thesis topic selection of Japanese major in colleges and universities should also be innovated centered by students' study results. Topic selection is the primary link for graduation project. The graduation thesis topic selection characteristics, sources, types, changes and development trends in recent years are analyzed through sorting out and analyzing the graduation thesis topic selection situation of graduates who are majored in Japanese in Dalian Neusoft University of Information from 2013 to 2017, aiming at providing references for college and university teachers to guide the graduation thesis.


Abstract Four disinfection tests were conducted on the eggs of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, rainbow trout O. mykiss, and brown trout Salmo trutta. In each egg test, the effects of treating twice were determined, which simulated treatment at both the brood source and the receiving hatchery. Cutthroat trout eggs were treated at 1 h and again at 3 or 6 h after fertilization. Survival to the eyed stage was greater for eggs treated with 100 mg/L iodine for 10 min (86.9%) than with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 2 min (82.4%); the timing of the second disinfection had no effect on egg survival. Bacterial growth was significantly greater among H2O2-treated eggs. For eyed rainbow trout eggs, 2,000 mg/L iodine for 10 min was toxic (<11% hatch), but eggs treated either once or twice with hydrogen peroxide (1% H2O2 for 2 min) survived to hatch, as did the controls. Bacterial growth was significantly greater on eggs treated with H2O2 than control eggs treated with 100 mg/L iodine for 10 min. In a subseque...


Stock price movements are used extensively by investors and researchers as a general indicator of the macroeconomic condition of the economy. During the past few years Indian capital Market has undergone metamorphic reforms and every segment of the market viz primary and secondary markets, derivatives, institutional investment and market intermediation has experienced impact of these changes. Our market, today, is being recognized as one of the most transparent, efficient and clean markets. Several techniques/instruments are used by academicians, policy markers, practitioners and investors to test the extent of efficiency of the market. In the present study, we try to study the correlation between actual financial performance and the stock market performance by focusing on Indian banking sector as a case study. We try to look at how has the continuous robust banking sector performance in the last few years has reflected itself in the stock markets in terms of prices, ROE etc. we have selected few general financial indicators like Profit After Tax, PAT/Total Assets, PAT/Operating Income, Return on Net Worth and some indictors specific to banking industry like Profit/Employee, Non Interest Income/Total Funds, NPA/Total Advances and try to study their correlation with stock prices for selected banks. The study clearly indicates that the overall banking sector performance is fundamental in nature. Most of the chosen indicators like PAT, PAT/Total Assets, Profit/Employee, RoNW, and PAT/Operating Income all show positive correlation results as expected. NPA/Net Advances also demonstrate a negative coefficient as expected. The only deviation from the expected is the correlation of NII/Total Funds.


The set of Poulet numbers having only odd digits is: 1333333, 1993537, 3911197, 5351537, 5977153, 7759937, 11777599...(22 from the first 7196 Poulet numbers belong to this set). Question: is this sequence infinite? Observations: the numbers n*P + R(P) – n respectively P + n*R(P) - n, where R(P) is the reversal of P and n positive integer, are often primes. Examples: for P = 1333333, the number 1333333 + 3333331 – 1 = 4666663, prime; also 3*1333333 + 3333331 – 3 = 7333327, prime; also 5*1333333 + 3333331 – 5 = 9999991, prime. For the same P, the number 1333333 + 2*3333331 - 2 = 7999993, prime; also the number 1333333 + 4*3333331 - 4 = 14666653, prime.


I THAT had once been thrown open for great triumphs, a door renowned for Tarpeian modesty, whose threshold was thronged by gilded chariots, and moist with the tearful entreaties of captives, now wounded by nocturnal brawls of drunkards often I complain, smitten by unworthy hands, and I lack not graceless garlands hanging, and dead torches lying as a sign to those who are shut out.... Meanwhile I am driven to lamentation by grievous complaints, made sadder still through the sorrowful vigils of a suppliant. He never suffers my posts to rest, ever repeating strains of artful (or melodious, or shrill) blandishment. ('Cruel door, why will you not take pity on me and let me in? I have never insulted you, rather I have offered you worship'). These and all other plaints that lovers know, he chatters to the birds of dawn. So now by my mistress' faults and a constant lover's lamentations I am defamed in


The material composition and main technical characteristics of SMC lightweight partition board are elaborated as well as technical process and installation skills in practice. Concrete quality requirements are presented. Author points out this kind of board has wide application prospect with good performances.


Electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization serves as a green and sustainable approach to convert the flat, two-dimension aromatic feedstock into the value-added three-dimension spirocyclic architectures. This review article highlights the recent advances, emphasizes mechanistic discussions, and showcases synthetic applications of this emerging versatile and powerful transformation.


Introduction: The sylvatic cycle of rabies is a significant sanitary burden in Central America. The Costa Rican government monitors cases since 1985 and infections from bats are still reported for wild animals, livestock, and humans, generating a need of further pathogen characterization in the region. Objective: To compare rabies phylogenetic analyses from complete genomes with nucleoprotein gene studies. Methods: For the phylogenetic analyses we used four rabies tissue samples collected in 2018, and generated complete genomes by Next-Generation sequencing (NGS). We also extracted RNA from tissues of confirmed cases and generated ssDNA using several primers. Double-stranded DNA was generated and used to generate genomic libraries. Results: We describe, for the first-time, the complete genome of four sequences of the rabies virus isolated in Costa Rica in 2018. Complete genome trees resembled the topology of nucleoprotein gene trees. All isolates were related to Desmodus rotundus. One sample group into Lineage (L)2, and the remaining samples group in L1, matched previous reports from regional rabies viruses. Conclusion: Our method produces valid viral assemblies from clinical specimens without target enrichment or viral isolation.


Modification epoxy heat -resistant constructional adhesive cured at room temperature often concludes: CTBN modification epoxy resin ;ATBN or polyetheramine modification curing agent. The adhesive can be used at 120℃for long period. But polysulfide rubber is not used in modification epoxy resin heat-resistant constructional adhesive curing at room temperature,because it is bad in heat-resistant property. But in this paper,a kind of epoxy heat -resistant constructional adhesive cured at room temperature using modification polyalkylenesulfide is introduced. Curing agent is synthesized with BMI, aliphaticamide and midazolyl. The inorganic/organic polymer filling is synthesized with organosilicon polymer and asbestos. After cured at room temperature for 7 day,the adhesive can be used at 177℃for long period in aerospace and airplane industry.


We develop a new algorithm to solve the inverse problem of compressive sensing for sparse signals with unknown clustering pattern in the presence of noise. The proposed algorithm is based on Bernoulli-Gaussian prior modeling and variational Bayes inference. The proposed algorithm differs from other works in this area due to the way the clustering pattern is learned, in that we account for the unknown clustering pattern via one prior defined on the supports of the solution rather than having three sets of hyperpriors on either the supports or the precisions of the solution.


Abstract Data on seven lakes in the Rotorua District were examined to determine trophic state changes in these lakes. The method of data analysis was specifically designed to find small changes in the trophic state of lakes. For each variable, the P‐value from 12 monthly paired sample Student t‐test comparisons was calculated and a change of trophic state value (CTS) was assigned, based on the P‐value. The CTS values for all the variables examined for a single lake were averaged (C) with a standard error (CV). The resulting Change/ Confidence Value index (C/CV) indicated the nature of the trophic change observed and the degree of confidence that could be placed in the stated change. This study finds that in recent years Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti have become less eutrophic; Lakes Okareka and Rotoma may have become less eutrophic; Lakes Okataina and Rotokakahi have not changed in trophic state in the last 22 years, and Lake Tikitapu may have become more eutrophic.


[1] A detailed dust emission parameterization was developed for aerosol production by human and natural activity. The road dust scheme includes tire wear, break wear, road abrasion and vehicle-induced re-suspension. The natural dust scheme includes wind (Aeolian) erosion from soil surfaces and land disturbances, and considers the effects of soil and atmospheric parameters on dust productivity. Emission rates are chemically and size-resolved and are incorporated in the CAMx aerosol model coupled with the ISORROPIA II inorganic module. Emissions and concentrations are predicted for five simulation periods, using a domain covering Greece with a fine mesh over the greater Athens area. Re-suspended mass is the main dust component, calculated 4–5 times higher than exhaust emissions. Soil dust emissions are much greater than road dust during high winds but are of less importance inside the city with maximums located at the periphery of the urban core. Comparison with observations suggests that the road dust component seems adequately estimated in traffic-affected areas and accounts for 15–40% of the total PM10. Calcium, regarded as a soil dust tracer, is calculated to be 2–4 μg m−3 in areas with high Aeolian emission rates, similar to measured values. Sodium and magnesium predictions show their marine origin, and reasonably replicate the observed mass and size distribution during well-established onshore flows. Nitrates are predicted as measured during lower winds, but are underestimated when stronger winds prevail from the west. This is caused by an overestimated industrial influence of Athens. As a result, ammonia is bound to the excess of sulfate, rather than reacting with nitric acid. Secondary species are influenced slightly by heterogeneous chemistry on dust particles.


Objective: To investigate the pattern of antibiotic prescriptions to patients with symptoms suggestive of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI), the appropriateness of such prescriptions based on outcomes of subsequent urine culture and susceptibility test and the role of routine urinalysis in the diagnosis of UTI.Methods: Urine samples from 500 patients provisionally diagnosed of UTI and given empirical antibiotic prescription were subjected to dipstick analysis, microscopy and quantitative culture using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from cultures that yielded significant bacteriuria (≥ 10 cfu/ml) was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique.Results: Significant bacteriuria was recorded in 213 (42.6 %) of the urine specimens while 182 (36.4 %) showed insignificant bacteriuria and 105 (21.0 %) were sterile. Amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (23.6 %) and Clarithromycin was the least (1.4 %). Only 99 (46.5 %) of the isolates from the 213 positive cultures were found to be sensitive to the antibiotics empirically prescribed, with ciprofloxacin exhibiting the broadest spectrum of in vitro activity against the isolates. Urinalysis results for nitrite, protein and pyuria were comparable to that of culture. Conclusion: UTI is likely over-diagnosed in the study area and urinalysis result if well interpreted could be a guide to empirical prescriptions prior to results of culture and sensitivity tests. However, ciprofloxacin should be considered as the choice antibiotic when empirical prescriptions are inevitable.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of double-leaf perforator free flap pedicled with posterolateral calf peroneal artery on repairing facial through-and-through defect after oral cancer oblation.

Methods
Nine patients with facial through-and-through defects after oblation of oral and maxillofacial malignancies, including 4 cases of buccal mucosa carcinoma, 2 cases of maxilla osteosarcoma, 1 case of carcinoma of the maxillary sinus and 2 cases of parotid duct carcinoma, were recruited from May, 2016 to May, 2018. The flap was used to repair the facial defect of recruited patients. The area of the bigger leaf of bilobed perforator flap was 7.0 cm×8.0 cm-6.0 cm×7.0 cm and the small leaf was 4.5 cm×4.5 cm-4.0 cm×4.0 cm, respectively. The intraoral and facial defects needed to be reconstructed contained the oral mucosal of the upper palate, the skin, subcutaneous tissue and mucosa of the cheek. The radiotherapy was performed 1.0-1.5 months after the operation. The prognosis including appearance, mouth opening, and the functions of deglutition, and language were assessed.

Results
Through 3-18 months outpatient followed-up, all 9 cases of transplanted flaps survived well and the incisions of the donor and recipient areas healed by first intention. The patients were satisfied with the facial appearance, mouth opening, and the functions of deglutition and language at the 6 months follow-up. The radiotherapy had no damage on the survival of the bilobed perforator flap. There was no recurrence or metastasis in follow-up.

Conclusion
The double-leaf perforator free flap pedicled with posterolateral calf peroneal artery is an ideal free tissue for repairing the facial perforating defect after oral cancer oblation because of its constant blood vessel, abundant tissues, flexible design and operating methods.

Key words:
Oral cancer; Through-and-through defect; Double-leaf perforator free flap; Peroneal artery; Repair


The Friedel-Crafts reaction of PCl3 and benzene in [bpc]Br-xAlCl3 ionic liquids was investigated for green synthesis of dichlorophenylphosphine(DCPP)with real time monitoring of gas chromatography(GC).Reaction time,the efficiency of catalyst,performance for repeated use of ILs were studied.It was found that the experimental cycle was shorten by using GC,[bpc]Br-xAlCl3 was a high efficiency of catalyst and has good performance for repeated use,DCPP could be seperated easily and has little environmental pollution.


A fretting fatigue contact geometry of a specimen contacting a rectangular fretting pad was studied.Distribution of elastic stresses on the contact surface of the specimen and the rectangular pad was analyzed in detail using a finite element solver ANSYS.The correction of the finite element model was verified.The contacting status(sticking, sliding and opening) and contact stresses on the contact surface were calculated to investigate the effect of the nominal contact pressure and frictional coefficient on the distribution of the contact stress.The influence of the load on the distribution of the three zones and stress on contact surface was also analyzed at different load level.The results show that there exist mixed sticking/sliding zone on which the tensile stress and shear stress change fiercely in process of fretting.The fatigue cracks will nucleate at the zone and then propagate. The some calculated results are in agreement with the observation by experiment.


The problem of H∞ output feedback control for linear time-discrete systems with time-domain hard constraints is considered.With the assumption of disturbance energy being bounded,a constrained H∞ output feedback control strategy is proposed based on linear matrix inequality technology and sufficient conditions for the existence of such a controller are derived.The proposed constrained H∞ control scheme is applied to active suspensions.Simulation results for a quarter car model show that whether the variations of the vehicle model parameters exist or not,the constrained H∞ controller can achieve a promising improvement on ride comfort,while keeping suspension strokes,dynamic tire loads and control forces within given bounds.


Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) allows fundamentally new insights into the structure and dynamics of multi-chromophore systems. So far two schemes have been successfully used to implement 2DES in the visible range: the heterodyne detected three-pulse photon echo and the partially collinear pump-probe geometry. The latter employs two phase-locked collinear pump pulses and a non-collinear probe pulse which is dispersed on a spectrometer. Advantages of this configuration are its simplicity, its applicability to standard pump-probe systems and the fact that it automatically measures absorptive spectra.


This work aimed to investigate the turbulence characteristics behind different parts of the wind turbine blade. Airfoils S807, S813, S817, and S803, which characterize the shape of the blade at different lengths, were selected for estimation. During the experiment, the chord-based Reynolds number was 2.6×105, while the angle of attack was zero. Measuring crosssections were placed behind the trailing edge at x·c-1≈0.2, 0.4 and 1.0. For the determination flow topology, we used a Hotwire anemometry with a split fiber probe 55R55 and a miniature X-wire probe 55P64. The obtained data allowed us to determine and compare the evolution of the wake behind different types of airfoils in streamwise and spanwise directions. Thus, the largest and smallest velocity deficit located behind S817 and S803 airfoils, respectively. This trend is also evident in the Normalized Reynolds shear stress distributions. Finally, we determined the spectrum and calculated the Integral length scale, the Taylor and Kolmogorov microscale of turbulent flow. According to the results, profile S817 contributes to the formation of a flow with a large scale of turbulence, while the S803 is contrary.


It is inevitable to improve the emission efficiency of the enterprises and industries in order to make the most products under the frame of emission cap.The pollution charge system applied in China don't have considered emission efficiency,so the effects of influencing the behaviors of the enterprises don't have exerted adequately.Bringing the emission efficiency into Pollution Charge System,the policy can restrain the enterprises which pollute inefficiently.


Abstract Developmental success and oviposition of five different populations of Panonychus mori Yokoyama on 46 species of plants were studied. The populations were collected from five species of trees: muku (Aphanantha aspera (Thunb.) ), peach (Prunus persica (L.) ), Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino)), moonseed (Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.)) and mulberry (Morus bombycis Koidz.). The host range of the mulberry population was considerably different from those of the other four populations: the mulberry population of spider mites was able to use only 2 species as host plants, whereas the others could use 9 species. The muku, peach, pear and moonseed populations were reproductively compatible with one another, while the mulberry population was bidirectionally incompatible with other populations and produced a small number of F1 adult females. Thus, the mulberry population was determined to differ in host range and reproductive traits from the other populations.


Two possible definitions of fixed points in the self-similar analysis of time series are considered. One definition is based on the minimal-difference condition and another, on a simple averaging. From studying stock market time series, one may conclude that these two definitions are practically equivalent. A forecast is made for the stock market indices for the end of March 1998.


The relevance of the article is that the legal status of individuals is a complex legal phenomenon, which for many years has caused intense scientific debate in domestic and foreign legal circles. Rights as one of the elements of legal status – the opportunities that according to current legislation belong to this category of persons – is one of the important aspects in the process of disclosing the issue of social security of self-employed persons in Ukraine. In general, social human rights are a special group of rights – their implementation and enforcement are associated with the establishment of harmonization between the state and society. Man's realization of these rights ensures his full existence in society. The purpose of the article is to establish the basic social rights of self-employed persons. The relevance of the article is that the legal status of individuals is a complex legal phenomenon, which for many years has caused intense scientific debate in domestic and foreign legal circles. Rights as one of the elements of legal status – the opportunities that according to current legislation belong to this category of persons – is one of the important aspects in the process of disclosing the issue of social security of self-employed persons in Ukraine. In general, social human rights are a special group of rights – their implementation and enforcement are associated with the establishment of harmonization between the state and society. Man's realization of these rights ensures his full existence in society. The purpose of the article is to establish the basic social rights of self-employed persons. The article analyzes the concept of "social rights", which is closely related to such as "social protection" and "social law". The article stipulates that self-employed persons can simultaneously act as subjects-recipients of social security and those persons who actually provide this security. It is concluded that the subjective rights of self-employed persons in the field of social security in general should be noted: the right to demand the provision of one or another type of security (pension, benefits, compensation, social services, benefits) in the statutory amount and in the prescribed manner, and also implementation by the obligated subject of other actions for the purpose of realization by the citizen of all opportunities provided to it by the law. Individual entrepreneurs who act as employers in the field of socially secure relations have the right to: provide additional material compensation, freely dispose of various social funds of the enterprise, and so on. However, if self-employed people can decide on support measures according to their own wishes and abilities, they also need to pay attention to the legal obligations of social security workers in the process of work. Such responsibilities include: insurance premiums, including – on compulsory national pension insurance, the obligation to provide relevant information (on dismissed employees; on the state of labor protection of enterprises, institutions, organizations), etc.


In the penultimate article in our series about babies and under-threes, Sue Griffin reflects on the importance of practitioners' relationships with parents


Climate change projections indicate more frequent and severe tropical marine heatwaves (MHWs) and accompanying hypoxia year‐round. However, most studies have focused on peak summer conditions under the assumption that annual maximum temperatures will induce the greatest physiological consequences. This study challenges this idea by characterizing seasonal MHWs (i.e., mean, maximum, and cumulative intensities, durations, heating rates, and mean annual occurrence) and comparing metabolic traits (i.e., standard metabolic rate (SMR), Q10 of SMR, maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope, and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit)) of winter‐ and summer‐acclimatized convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus) to the combined effects of MHWs and hypoxia. Fish were exposed to one of six MHW treatments with seasonally varying maximum intensities (winter: 24.5, 26.5, 28.5°C; summer: 28.5, 30.5, 32.5°C), representing past and future MHWs under IPCC projections (i.e., +0, +2, +4°C). Surprisingly, MHW characteristics did not significantly differ between seasons, yet SMR was more sensitive to winter MHWs (mean Q10 = 2.92) than summer MHWs (mean Q10 = 1.81), despite higher absolute summer temperatures. Concurrently, MMR increased similarly among winter +2 and +4°C treatments (i.e., 26.5, 28.5°C) and all summer MHW treatments, suggesting a ceiling for maximal MMR increase. Aerobic scope did not significantly differ between seasons nor among MHW treatments. While mean Pcrit did not significantly vary between seasons, warming of +4°C during winter (i.e., 28.5°C) significantly increased Pcrit relative to the winter control group. Contrary to the idea of increased sensitivity to MHWs during the warmest time of year, our results reveal heightened sensitivity to the deleterious effects of winter MHWs, and that seasonal acclimatization to warmer summer conditions may bolster metabolic resilience to warming and hypoxia. Consequently, physiological sensitivity to MHWs and hypoxia may extend across larger parts of the year than previously expected, emphasizing the importance of evaluating climate change impacts during cooler seasons when essential fitness‐related traits such as reproduction occur in many species.


The x-ray structure of the deep red crystalline complex lumiflavin-2,6-diamino-9-ethylpurine has been determined. The flavin and adenine derivatives form hydrogen-bonded base pairs of the Watson-Crick type. The molecules in the crystal also associate via extensively overlapped flavin/adenine and flavin/flavin stacking interactions in which there are several contacts that are closer than van der Waals distances. This, together with the red color of the crystals, is indicative of the formation of a charge-transfer complex.


In recent years, some viral diseases have been increasing in the tobacco-growing regions of Vietnam and cause serious damage to the tobacco yield and quality. If it has not an effective control, viral diseases will injure seriously in the tobacco field in next time. To control the effect of viral diseases, study use of some antiviral virucides is necessary on tobacco plants. In 2021, Vietnam Tobacco Institute experimented with the effective control of Ditacin 8SL, Sat 4SL, and Exin 4.5SC for TMV, CMV, PVY, and TNRV on the tobacco field in Bac Giang province. Results of the study show the antiviral agents are effective in the control of the virus disease on tobacco. When only spray Ditacin 8SL, effective prevention for viral diseases ranges from 22.4 - 30.3%; Sat 4SL: 5.5 - 30.2%, and Exin 4.5SC: 8.2 - 24.1%. Spraying a mixture of antiviral agents and insecticides gives higher efficiency than spraying a kind. For example, spray Ditacin 8SL + Confodor 100SL, effective control reaches from 34.3 to 100%; Sat 4SL + Confidor 100SL: 32.6 - 92.3, and 38.5 - 100% with Exin 4.5SC + Confidor 100SL. The spray treatments have a higher yield and quality than the control without spraying.


The invention discloses a non-bearing wall hollow brick. The non-bearing wall hollow brick comprises a main body and a through hole formed in the interior of the main body; the two upper edges of the main body are provided with a protruding wing and a groove respectively, and the two lower edges of the main body are provided with a protruding wing and a groove respectively; the protruding wing of the upper edge of the main body is matched with the groove of the lower edge of the main body. The non-bearing wall hollow brick has the advantages that due to the fact that the two upper edges of the main body are provided with the protruding wing and the groove respectively, and the protruding wing of the upper edge of the main body is matched with the groove of the lower edge of the main body, dislocation between bricks is limited, joint between contacting faces of the bricks is firmer, and the shock resistance is strengthened.


The classical theory of Weierstrass points on a compact Riemann surface is well-known (see, for example, [3]). Ogawa [6] has defined generalized Weierstrass points. Let Y denote a compact complex manifold of (complex) dimension n. Let E denote a holomorphic vector bundle on Y of rank q. Let Jk(E) (k = 0, 1, …) denote the holomorphic vector bundle of k-jets of E [2, p. 112]. Put rk(E) = rank Jk(E) = q.(n + k)!/n!k!. Suppose that Γ(E), the vector space of global holomorphic sections of E, is of dimension γ(E)>0. Consider the trivial bundle Y × Γ(E) and the map which at a point Q∈Y takes a section of E to its k-jet at Q. Put μ = min(γ(E),rk(E)).


ABSTRACT In recent years, Islamophobia has become a useful tool for right-wing parties to mobilize electors in many European nation-states. The general xenophobic campaigns of the 1980s have given way to Islamophobia as a specific expression of racism. It is not only the new incarnations of right-wing populist parties that are making use of Islamophobic populism, but also right-wing extremist parties, whose traditions hark back to fascist or Nazi parties. This development appears unsurprising, as Islamophobia has somehow become a kind of 'accepted racism', found not only on the margins of European societies but also at the centre. Another interesting concomitant shift is the attempt by such parties to gain wider acceptance in mainstream societies by distancing themselves from a former antisemitic profile. While the main focus on an exclusive identity politics in the frame of nation-states previously divided the far right and complicated transnational cooperation, a shared Islamophobia has the potential to be a common ground for strengthening the transnational links of right-wing parties. This shift from antisemitism to Islamophobia goes beyond European borders and enables Europe's far right to connect to Israeli parties and the far right in the United States. Hafez's article explores this thesis by analysing the European Alliance for Freedom, a pan-European alliance of far-right members of the European parliament that has brought various formerly antagonistic parties together through a common anti-Muslim programme, and is trying to become a formal European parliamentary fraction in the wake of its victory in the European elections in May 2014.


This article studies the multiple connections between contemporary structures of German and Turkish citizenship, and German-Turkish migrants' own practices of citizenship transcending national borders. Hence, the citizenship structures of the two countries and the ways in which they shape and are shaped by the migrants' civic activism shall be exposed in a dialogical way. It will be argued that German-Turks constitute a transnational space, making it imperative that the existing institutions of citizenship in both countries respond to their globalized and transnationalized experiences. Addressing the literature on transnational space, citizenship studies, diaspora studies and cultural studies, and referring to a survey conducted among German-Turks, this work will briefly refer to the production of transnational space by immigrants of Turkish origin and their descendants in Germany and the use they make of the means of globalization, which provide them with a set of diversified habitats of meaning away from their country of origin. Subsequently, it will claim that the traditional framework of national citizenship has been superseded as transmigrants have become mobile between their countries of origin and of settlement in a way that may require dual citizenship as well as dual loyalty, allegiance and orientation.


The citation relationship between scientific publications has been successfully used for bibliometrics, information retrieval and data mining tasks, and citation-based recommendation algorithms are well documented. While previous studies investigated citation relationships from various viewpoints, most of them share the same assumption that, if paper1 cites paper2 (or author1 cites author2), they are connected, regardless of citation importance, sentiment, reason, topic, or motivation. However, this assumption is oversimplified. In this study, we propose a novel method to automatically label the massive citations in the scientific repository with different roles, a.k.a. citation role labeling. Unlike earlier studies, we employ pairwise features (similarity between citing and cited paper) and global features (citing and cited paper proximity on the heterogeneous graph), in addition to local features (information extracted solely from the citing paper, e.g. citation textual context). Evaluation result shows pairwise and global features, if properly used, can be very helpful to enhance the citation role labeling performance, especially when full-text data is not readily available.


We have developed high speed Electro-Absorption modulator integrated DFB (EA/DFB) lasers and directly modulated DFB lasers for 400 GbE applications. An uncooled type $1.3-\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ EA/DFB laser was demonstrated for 53-Gbaud PAM4 operation with 0.9 Vpp from 20 to 85°C. In addition, an uncooled $1.3-\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ directly modulated DFB laser was operated for 53-Gbaud PAM4 (106-Gb/s) from 25 to 80°C with clear eye openings.


The difference between Internet literature and conventional literature lie in the irregulated writing and mediocre writers. Now the problems of the Internet literature include: the writing mind and stand, the true realization of the super text, and how to avoid being assimilated by the conventional literature.


Aiming at the phenomenon that to pick citrus by robot arm is in low efficiency, this paper chooses improved immune algorithm (IIA) for picking path planning of the citrus fruits on the surface of the tree canopy after many experiments. IIA is proposed by improving the neighborhood structure of basic immune algorithm (BIA) and using tabu search strategy to search the neighborhood structure of the current optimal solution which is already got by immune search in the final stage intensively. The world coordinates of citrus fruits are obtained by processing the photos taken by a ZED camera based on the principle of binocular vision. The experiment results show that when picking 6, 20 and 31 citrus fruits, the average planning time of IIA are 13.33%, 21.49% and 23.96% less than BIA, and the average picking distance are 0%, 0.66% and 0.67% shorter than BIA. This shows that IIA can not only effectively shorten the time of trajectory planning, but also shorten the distance of picking path, which provides theoretical support of improving the working efficiency of picking robot.


William Shakespeare's sonnets represent the peak of English sonnets.They are generally called Shakespearean sonnets.Many Chinese scholars have introduced them into China.This paper compares,from perspectives of language and punctuation,three Chinese versions of Sonnet 18 of Shakespeare and points out the merits and demerits of each of them.


Academics and policy makers have long considered an adequate supply of infrastructure services to be essential for economic development. This paper reviews recent theoretical and empirical literature on the effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution. The theoretical literature has employed a variety of analytical settings regarding the drivers of income growth, the degree to which infrastructure represents a public or a private good, and the extent of market distortions, notably in capital markets. In turn, the empirical literature has used various econometric methodologies on time-series and cross-section macro and microeconomic data to test for the effects of infrastructure development. However, these empirical tests face challenging issues of measurement, identification, and heterogeneity. Overall, the literature finds positive effects of infrastructure development on income growth and, more tentatively, on distributive equity. Still, the precise mechanisms through which these effects accrue, and their full impact on welfare, remain relatively unexplored.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacist in empirical therapy for febrile cancer patients.METHODS:The empirical therapy for febrile cancer patients was analyzed according to 1 case of persistent fever after radical resection of cholangiocarcinoma.RESULTSCONCLUSION:It is necessary to give empirical antibiotics therapy if cancer patients fevered.At the same time,we should distinguish the fever is thermal tumor or the fever caused by infection as soon as possible.


High‐speed maglev trains are subjected to severe dynamic loads, thus posing a failure hazard. It is necessary to account for the vehicle dynamics to improve the structural strength and fatigue life assessment approach under harsh routes and super high‐speed grades. As the most critical load‐carrying part between the vehicle body and levitation frames, the swing bar was taken as an example to demonstrate the significance of vehicle dynamics to integrate classical structural strength and fatigue life with the service conditions. A multiphysics‐coupled dynamic model of an alpha improvement scheme for an electromagnetic suspension maglev train capable of 600 km/h was established to investigate the complex dynamic loads and fatigue spectra. Using this model, the structural strength and fatigue life of the wrought swing bars were investigated. Results show only a slight effect on the structural strength and fatigue life of swing bars by the super high‐speed grades. The nonaxial bending moments caused by the uncompensated relative displacement between the vehicle body and bolsters are identified as the decisive factors. The minimum safety factor of the structural strength for wrought swing bars is 1.33, while the minimum fatigue life is 34 years. Both match the design requirements but are not conservative enough. Therefore, further verification and optimization are recommended to improve the design of swing bars.


Energy consumption and temperature rise are challenging in traditional high-power hydraulic pump/motor loading systems. This study focuses on the hydraulic loading systems that the energy can be recovered by mechanical compensation. The key challenge is to achieve pressure control accuracy while keeping the input energy low. Due to the high inertia of the loading motor and the unstableness of the system dynamics, it is difficult to obtain an optimal control performance with a single traditional controller. So a novel two-stage optimal tracking controller is proposed in this study. In the first stage, a pressure controller is employed to track the reference pressure input, and the system is transformed to be stable. In the second stage, an optimal tracking controller optimizes the infinite horizon value function and provides the reference input signal for the first-stage controller. Considering the nonlinearities of the augmented system, the technique of integral reinforcement learning (IRL) is used to evaluate the value function and obtain the improved control policy online. A simulation is carried out for the hydraulic loading system with mechanical compensation and the results show that the two-stage optimal controller outperforms the single-stage pressure controller.


This paper reviews the pending patent of preventing method of malfunctions of the fingerprint reader caused by the magnetic field from the NFC antenna when the NFC antenna was integrated into the fingerprint reader(FPR). The FPR_active signal was newly defined and input from the fingerprint reader to the NFC controller. This new signal is activated while the fingerprint reader is scanning the fingerprint. Therefore, the NFC controller can stop its radio activity which causes the malfunctions of fingerprint reader while the fingerprint reader is scanning the fingerprint.


BACKGROUND:Ahuman tail isarare congenital malformation that corresponds to the protrusion on the dorsal side of the lumbar, sacrococcygeal, and paraanal regions. This study aimed to demonstrate three rare clinical cases ofatail-shaped formation caused by the protrusion ofanelongated coccyx in children.
CLINICAL CASES:These patients asked for medical assistance for pain felt in the sitting position and daily discomfort because this formation barely contains any tissues other than the coccyx. The patients had no signs of neurological and lower urinary tract insufficiency. In all cases, the retroposition of the coccyx without its typical anterior angulation was determined based on radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs. In one case, the coccyx was represented by four elongated vertebrae withoutatypical decrease in the size of the vertebrae in the caudal direction. In two cases,anangular deformity of the coccyx occurred at the level of CoIIIwith intercoccygeal angles of 138 and 140.
DISCUSSION:The tail-like formations could be classified as pseudo-tails according to the classification by Dao and Netsky (1984) and type Ia human tails according to the classification by Tojima and Yamada (2020).
CONCLUSIONS:The most important feature of tail-shaped formation is the connection with occult dysraphic malformations, which requiresacomprehensive preoperative examination in each case (neurological examination, radiography, computed tomography, and MRI). Careless surgery may lead to serious consequences that significantly impair patients quality of life.


The clivus is situated at an anatomically critical location next to brainstem and the majority of the cranial nerves and involved in approximately 1% of intracranial tumors. Isolated metastase to clivus have been rarely reported in breast cancer. We report a case of 58 year old women, who present a cranialnerve palsy as the first presentation of isolated clival metastasis in a treated patient of breast cancer. The etiology was obteined by brain CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed lesion in the clivus. The diagnosis of clival metastasis from breast cancer was confirmed by transsphenoidal biopsy. The patient received radiotherapy with corticotherapy with favorable evolution within 5 days.


In a time of globalization and increasingly competitive environment, measuring performance in construction industry has become critical to business success. Performance measurement aligns organizational resources, activities and processes to the major objectives of the organization. In construction industry value chain considering the project-based nature of the construction industry, the success of the projects effect company performances and the success of the companies effect industrial performance whereby the industrial success effect macro-economic factors. Vocational education and training (VET) can be considered a significant component of project success in the construction industry with its direct effect on the performance of construction projects by increasing productivity on site, reducing rework that is originated by unskilled workers, and reducing project duration and cost. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal the interaction between the performance of VET institutions and construction industry. In the light of this aim, determined key performance indicators (KPIs) of vocational training and a conceptual performance evaluation system which adopted the financial, trainee satisfaction, internal process, and learning and growth perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) method will be presented.


This paper studies the configuration technology of screen cloth for batch asphalt mixing plant us- ing the theories of vibrating screen and the asphalt concrete production, and it presents a configuration method and applying process. Practical construction validates that this is an effective method for configura- tion of screen cloth for batch asphalt mixing plant.


In this article, two machine learning methods such as classification and clustering are used for decision tree (DT), artificial neural network (ANN), and K-nearest neighbors algorithms. The datasets were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the clustering method and the data mining tool. Weather data were used to compare algorithms and methods in the study. This study showed that the best model was DT according to accuracy and precision measures but the best model according to F-measure and receiver operating characteristic curve area measures was ANN. Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis, a data mining tool, is utilized in this paper to carry out the clustering.


Atomically dispersed main group element single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have recently attracted increasing attention in electrocatalysis. However, their performances in acidic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remain unsatisfactory owing to the suboptimal coordination environment, limited mass transfer, and active site exposure. Herein, a series of p‐block Sn SACs with hierarchical pore structures are prepared by a dual melting salt‐mediated soft template method. By deliberately regulating the pore structures, highly exposed Sn active sites with N/O coordination are obtained, which endow SnN3O‐50 with exceptional ORR performances, especially in acidic medium. The half‐wave potential of SnN3O‐50 is up to 0.816 V, with a loss of only 15 mV after 10 000 potential cycles. Furthermore, the peak power densities of the fuel cell and zinc–air battery assembled using SnN3O‐50 as cathodes reach 502 and 173.5 mW cm−2, respectively, demonstrating great potential for practical applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the N/O coordination of Sn induces localization of 5p electrons, which leads to strong coupling with the p orbit of O2. Meanwhile, the presence of defects synergistically regulates the adsorption of reaction intermediates, thereby optimizing the free energy of the four successive ORR steps.


Through reasonably controlling process parameters of feeding Al wire,the recovery ratio of Al and acceptance ratio of Al content can be ensured.The distribution of Al is homogeneous in billet.The process can improve the quality of billet and the properties of rolled steel plate.The difficulty on casting of Al-bearing molten steel has been overcome without any influence on casting sequence.


Virilio: One exposes the accident in order not to be exposed to the accident. It's an inversion. There is a French expression that says: to be exposed to an accident, to cross a street without looking at the cars means exposing oneself to be run over. This is more than a play with words, it's fundamental. For instance, when a painter exhibits his work, one says: he exposes his work. Similarly, when we cross the street, we expose ourselves to a car accident.


Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a peculiar form of dizziness, presenting with attacks of rotational vertigo provoked by changes in head position. 1 Based on the results of noncontrolled studies, some authors have proposed an autoimmune aetiopathogenesis for BPPV, suggesting that it may be triggered by the diffusion of immune-complexes in the inner ear with consequent mechanical stimulation of labyrinthine receptors. 2


The present invention provides an interference filter, an optical module and an analysis device. The interference filter is characterized in that the interference filter of the fixed mirror and the movable mirror alloy film containing silver is (Ag), samarium (Sm) and copper (Cu) of Ag Sm--Cu alloy film or it may contain silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), and rubidium (Nd) of the Ag-Bi-Nd alloy film.


This paper measures resource use efficiency of electricity generating plants in the United States under the SO2 trading regime. Resource use efficiency is defined as the product of technical efficiency and environmental efficiency, where the latter is the ratio of good output (electricity) to bad output (SO2) with reference to the best practice firm, i.e., one that is producing an optimal mix of good and bad outputs. This concept of environmental efficiency is similar to that of output oriented allocative efficiency. Using output distance functions we compare three methods for the calculation of resource use efficiency, namely, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), deterministic parametric programming and nonparametric linear programming. This paper reveals the strengths and weaknesses of these methods for estimating efficiency. Both SFA and linear programming approaches can estimate the efficiency scores. For plants in the dataset the overall geometric mean of the three methods for technical efficiency, environmental efficiency and resource use efficiency is 0.737, 0.335 and 0.248, respectively. The rank correlation coefficient between technical efficiency, environmental efficiency and resource use efficiency is 0.213, 0.617 and 0.877, respectively. The regression analyses of performance across plants shows units in phase I of the SO2 trading programme are negatively related to measures of economic and environmental performance. This suggests that the market for SO2 allowances, per se, may not be minimizing compliance cost. We also find that a decrease in SO2 emission rates not only increases environmental efficiency but also leads to an increase in resource use efficiency. This finding concurs with the hypothesis that enhancement in the environmental performance of a firm leads to an increase in its overall efficiency of resource use as well.


'Human right' is a main-stream issue in the discourses of modern society. The rights of expanding private space as well as the rights of reducing unequal expansion in private space are primarily discussed in the discourses. People living in the modern industrialized society are ruled by the coercive power, namely the rate of expanded reproduction. The total rule by the rate make men in the industrialized countries mutually acknowledge the destruction of public space as the result of expanding private space. The situation of forcing each other to expand own private space makes people indifferent of public space. As the result, the public space are destructed very rapidly. Ironically, the exhaustion of both moral resources and natural resources make the expansion of private space no more possible. Nevertheless, the standpoint of "pursuing private gains will bring to the increase of public goods" by Adam Smith and Friedrich Hayek is generally accepted. The public goods mentioned by them are material wealth. Such a standpoint can be regarded as an ancient ethic that Garrett Hardin pointed out. And as the club of Rome has also pointed, the plus feedback loop is converting to minus feedback loop. The conversion from the discourses about human rights to the viewpoint of the greater whole society is urgent. At the same time, it is required to convert from the logic of 'expanded reproduction rate' which is the basis of mainstream discourses of human rights in modern society.


The missense isoleucine to threonine substitution at position 73 [I73T] in the Surfactant Protein‐C [SP‐C] gene [SFTPC], an alveolar type‐2 cell [AT2] restricted protein, has been linked to sporadic and familial cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Many patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) experience one or more episodes of precipitous deterioration. These "acute exacerbations" are marked by altered gas exchange, neutrophilic/eosinophilic alveolitis, diffuse alveolar damage, and changes on HRCT. To temporally model the impact of SP‐CI73T expression on lung homeostasis, we generated an inducible SP‐CI73T expressing line (IER‐SP‐CI73T) by crossing a hypomorphic SP‐CI73T‐Neo founder line to a R26FlpOER line. Intraperitoneal tamoxifen administration to hypomorphic IER‐SP‐CI73T mice resulted in early increases in mutant sftpcI73T mRNA and proSP‐CI73T protein expression accompanied by allele and tamoxifen dose dependent weight loss and mortality. In this early phase (3–14 d), IER‐SP‐CI73T mice exhibited histological evidence of diffuse lung injury, increased vascular leak, elevations in total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts, and distinct temporal increases in BAL MCP‐1, IL‐5, Eotaxin, IL‐6, CCL‐17, KC/CXCL‐1 and TGF‐β. By 6 weeks, lungs of surviving IER‐SP‐CI73T mice showed marked alveolar septal thickening, diffuse collagen deposition, and foci of αSMA+ cells consistent with an IPF phenotype. RNA‐sequencing profiling and PCR analysis of AT2 cells from IER‐SP‐CI73T mice confirmed an epithelial contribution to these recruitment and activation factors starting at 3d. To test the downstream effects of AT2‐effector cell crosstalk, we analyzed BAL and whole lung digests via flow cytometry. Tamoxifen induction resulted in sequential accumulation of SiglecFloCD11b+CD64−CD11c−Ly6C+ monocytes (3d), LY6G+ neutrophils (7d) and SiglecFhiCD11bhiCD11clo eosinophils (2wk) in the lung. Conversely, there was significant reduction in the number of SiglecFhiCD11bintCD64hiCD11chiCD206hi resident macrophages in lung tissue digests of IER‐SP‐CI73T mice. Intratracheal and intravenous clodronate depletion was used to test the role of resident macrophages and infiltrating monocytes, respectively, in the development of the injury. Notably, early intratracheal clodronate administration was associated with enhanced mortality, corroborating the notion that resident alveolar macrophages are fundamental in the early inflammatory response and crosstalk with lung epithelia. Conversely, monocyte depletion via IV clodronate appeared to be beneficial with respect to survival and BAL cell counts at 3d and 7d suggesting a deleterious role for these proinflammatory infiltrating cells in SP‐CI73T mediated lung injury. Taken together, our findings support the concept that epithelial dysfunction is a key component of IPF and highlights the importance of AT2 crosstalk with immune compartments in the lung to mediate blood borne cell recruitment, as well as modulate the resultant acute exacerbations and fibrotic remodeling.


Mitral regurgitation, namely secondary mitral regurgitation, is the second most prevalent type of valvular heart disease worldwide. Quantitative two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography has become the most suitable imaging modality for diagnosing such diseases. Nevertheless, due to its particularities in evaluation and quantification, further improvements in current echocardiographic equipment are needed to ensure a more accurate assessment of valvular function. The goal of this study was to investigate the performance of currently emerging techniques in this field, namely 2D speckle tracking techniques, in understanding and quantifying mitral valve leaflets' kinematics and strains throughout the cardiac cycle, spotting their main advantages and limitations. Several motion tracking techniques based on standard and more robust optimization-based block matching algorithms, commonly used when performing speckle tracking, were implemented. Besides, a framework for the generation of synthetic images was developed in order to allow the validation and assessment of the proposed methods. When examining each algorithm's performance carefully using the generated synthetic images, the results show that an optimization-based block matching approach was the most suited for addressing complex motion patterns, as the bending-like behaviour of the mitral leaflets during the key-events of the cardiac cycle. However, the deformation estimates returned by this algorithm are highly dependent on the resolution of the displacement field obtained, therefore providing only qualitative information. When analysing real echocardiographic images, such findings are corroborated, emphasizing the difficulties of the algorithm in capturing wider displacements of the leaflets and its dependence on the image quality and the number of frames analysed.


This study looked at whether oral desmopressin, by decreasing kidney urine production, would prolong bladder filling‐time thereby increasing the time to reach maximum capacity, thus reducing overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, and providing an alternative method of treatment to OAB sufferers.


In this study, the effect of using two seismic design methodologies, Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD) and traditional Force-Based Design (FBD), on the probabilistic seismic performance of an 8-story RC moment resistant building is investigated. Also, two probabilistic procedures are applied for considering aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Thus, this research is conducted by studying (i) non-linear static curve (ii) incremental dynamic analysis curve (iii) the Mean Annual Frequency (MAF) (iv) seismic demand of limit states (v) the confidence level of structures under the earthquakes with low to high hazard levels. Based on the comparing two mentioned seismic design methods, it can be said that the structure designed with FBD, unlike DDBD methodology is not capable of estimating performance goals. Also, it is concluded that the structure under both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties behaves more vulnerable and MAF of exceeding the immediate occupancy and collapse prevention is increased.


Nutrition for pregnant women is one of the most essential factors that influence the outcomes of maternal and infant. Pregnant women can gain nutrition information from many sources including consultation to health professionals. However, some studies showed that mother received lack of nutrition information during pregnancy and the evidence regarding the nutrition advice for pregnant women is limited. A literature review was conducted to identify the nutrition information received by mothers during antenatal period. This review included qualitative and quantitative studies which concern in the nutrition advice during pregnancy and the strategy used by health practitioners to provide information about pregnancy nutrition in the antenatal care. The included studies were searched from electronic databases such as Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Central and PubMed Central, and also from Google scholar. This review produced seven studies included qualitative and quantitative research. Generally, women were not receiving adequate nutrition education during pregnancy. Health practitioners in the developing countries use counselling during antenatal care to provide information about nutrition for pregnant women, while in the developed countries, health professionals prefer to use online and social media. The evidence of healthcare professionals in providing nutrition information for pregnant women is limited. Nutrition counselling and online media were identified as effective tools in promoting a healthy diet and supplementation for pregnant women within some population groups. Further studies about health practitioners' strategies in providing nutrition education during antenatal care are highly recommended.


The day of the week on which sample members are invited to participate in a web survey might influence propensity to respond, or to respond promptly (within two days from the invitation). This effect could differ between sample members with different characteristics. We explore such effects using a large-scale experiment implemented on the Understanding Society Innovation Panel, in which some people received an invitation on a Monday and some on a Friday. Specifically, we test whether any effect of the invitation day is moderated by economic activity status (which may result in a different organisation of time by day of the week), previous participation in the panel, or whether the invitation was sent only by post or by post and email simultaneously. Overall, we do not find any effect of day of invitation in survey participation or in prompt participation. However, sample members who provided an email address, and, thus, were contacted by email in addition to postal letter, are less likely to participate if invited on Friday (email reminders: Sunday and Tuesday) as opposed to Monday (email reminders: Wednesday and Friday). Given that no difference between the two protocols is found for prompt response, the effect seems to be due to the day of mailing of reminders. With respect to sample members' economic activity status, those not having a job and the retired are less likely to participate when invited on a Friday; this result holds also for prompt participation, but only for retired respondents. Also, sample members who work long hours are less likely to participate when invited on a Friday; however, no effect is found for prompt response.


Bismuth compounds were studied in the role of flame-retardant effect in this article,and compared with antimony-based flame retardants to know how to effect.Bismuth oxide,bismuth oxychloride as additive were used in experiments for flame test and found that both of them can significantly improve the flame retardancy of the carrier.Compared with antimony oxide as additives,bismuth compound flame retardant additives was better than antimony oxide.Bismuth oxychloride additives had superior flame retardant properties,and limiting oxygen index of the carrier can be achieved 42.


Rice is the staple food crop for a large part of the human population in the world today. Rice blast is by far the most important disease of the many dis-eases that attack rice caused by Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae (MoO). Failures of entire rice crops have resulted directly from rice blast epidemics. Trichoderma harzianum the well-known antagonistic fungus is widely used in agriculture as bio-fungicide. In the present study five different designs of in vitro dual culture techniques were evaluated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) to find out the most suitable technique to interaction study between MoO and T. harzianum THR 4. The design where four 5.0 mm mycelia discs of T. harzianum THR 4 were set on the periphery of the petridish surrounding one disc of MoO on the center of the petridish in dual culture gave most satisfactory result with 92% growth inhibition of MoO in compare to control plate of MoO.


Some plants exclude organic acids when exposed to toxic levels of aluminum. The exudation of organic acids is proposed to confer aluminum detoxification by forming Al organic acid complex. Although more than a dozen of Al tolerant plant species have been identified and demonstrated to secret organic acids, the regulatory processes leading to the organic acid efflux remain elusive. Activation of transport or anion channel by Al has been proposed to mediate efflux of organic acids. Recent progress in determining signal transduction components ( e.g . protein kinase, salicylic acid) that modulate the efflux activity of organic acids has been significant. However, a better understanding of the overall Al triggered signal transduction network needs more intensive investigations. Isolation and identification of Al induced stress genes have also evoked much interest. In this article, the key aspects of our recent biochemical and molecular understanding of regulatory mechanisms leading to organic acid exudation in response to Al are briefly described.


The authors report a case of palliative treatment of peripheral ischemia caused by acute aortic dissection type B of Stanford applying endovascular aortic fe...


By means of revision of literaturion,analysis and induction,investigation and interview with the experts,this paper made a discussion on the basic meaning of industrial cluster,and analyzed on the advantages of competition,cost,marketing and expansion about the industrial cluster.This paper also analyzed the basic characteristics of the Hubei province economy and sport industry development.The sport industry of Hubei province in industrial cluster had practical meaning,and the paths and countermeasures were also put forward in this paper.


In three experiments in indigenous dogs, the innocuity of SAG2 and the efficacy of the oral rabies vaccine/bait combination for dogs, DBL2 /SAG2 ( Rabidog ® SAG2), was confirmed. No sign of pathogenicity could be attributed to vaccine virus even in very young individuals afflicted with various diseases. No indication for persistence, latency or dissemination was found in any of the dogs inoculated per os or by the intramuscular route with concentrated vaccine suspension. Excretion of input virus was detected in saliva following vaccine ingestion. Rabidog ® SAG2 was shown to be well accepted by indigenous dogs over 6 weeks of age and protected the majority of vaccinated individuals against lethal challenge. Not in all cases could protection be correlated to the presence of virus neutralising antibodies. With the completion of these trials, SAG2 has complied with all of the requirements for oral dog rabies vaccines established by the World Health Organization's expert committee on oral rabies vaccination of dogs and is soon to be used in field trials in different parts of the world.


Image of closeup of smiling woman with short hair and glittery headband. Her right hand is held under her chin.


In the 19th century, social hygiene hoped to moralize individual behaviors in order to guarantee public health and relieve tiredness in the body. As a result, the need for greater self-attention increased. This was considered all the more necessary at the close of the century as brain science suggested patterns of discharge and neurasthenia that took into account nervous tiredness. The poor state of health that followed was then seen in terms of an exhausting environment. From then on, hygiene was enriched by therapy for those with nervous disorders, which considerably widened the range of self-attention. What mattered then was less preserving morality than restoring morale.


. In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of short trajectories of weak solutions to the 2D nonhomogeneous heat-conducting magneto- hydrodynamic equations. Several bounds for short trajectories are obtained. An attracting set is constructed, which consists of orbits on [0 , 1] of complete bounded solutions. Furthermore, the attracting set is compact in different topologies.


Wearable sensors are the technology of the future and will become an integral part of daily life. These sensors can monitor the physical activities and biochemical information of an individual, organ functions, and environmental changes. A wearable sensor may comprise a sensing element, electrodes, substrate, power unit and data processing unit. Selectivity, sensitivity and reliability of a wearable sensor depend on the sensing element, electrodes and substrate, which can be designed/fabricated with a suitable material. A variety of materials including carbon materials, conductive polymers, metal oxides, metals, elastomers, and nanomaterials have been used depending on the applications of the sensor. In this review, we will summarize the recent developments regarding the use of advanced materials for applications in wearable sensor technologies.


For supporting the realization of the objective of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (KESDM) in achieving the national sustainable development goals in energy sector, accordingly the role of internal audit is literally required in order to assist the organization in achieving this objective. The internal audit is forced to meet the requirements upon the good organizational governance, which combining both the effective risk management need and reliable control. As one of the organizational function, the internal audit unit is faced to the resources limitation, which includes the time limit and budget limit, hence such risk- based planning with reliable ability to evaluate the risk is critically required, asides from its role in improving the effectiveness of audit and risk management system. Departing from these backgrounds, a research on the audit planning by using the risk management approach was done, in which the internal audit was able to facilitate the implementation process of risk management, such as by initially developing the risk management system by using 31000:2009 ISO framework.
The research was conducted at the Directorate General of New Energy, Renewable and Energy Conservation, Directorate General of Electricity and Secretary of the National Energy Board in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. This research used both the primary data and secondary data in form of qualitative and quantitative data. The primary data was generated through the questioner, focus group discussion, and brainstorming towards the respondents which were selected through the purposive sampling method. The secondary data itself was generated through the collection of the existing data in the organization internal, including the vision and mission, strategic planning, organizational structure, and work plan as well as budget plan.
Within the research, the risk management system and its implementation developed in order to generates the effective and efficient risk- based internal audit. The research methodology involved literature review, questioner, group discussion and benchmarking, for the purpose of observing the inherent risk on the examined object, while the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to obtain risk level and subject observed in the internal auditor's perspective. From engaging the risk- based internal audit planning within this research, the result showed an efficient working day which may be used to carry out the additional duties which have not been scheduled before to create such added- value through consulting and evaluating.


Palm oil is dark yellow to red with a sweet taste and violet scent. Under the action of oxygen in the air, palm oil discolors due to the oxidation of carotene. The sample at different temperatures was recorded at different shear rates. Based on the rheograms (graph of the average shear stress versus shear rate), the studied ones proved to be Newtonian fluid. The shear range used did not significantly affect the absolute viscosities of the palm oil at different temperatures. The absolute viscosities of palm oil have decreased with increasing temperature and can be equipped with an Arrheniustype relationship.


A series of shock-recovery experiments on a single crystal of silicon up to 38 GPa and characterizations of the recovered samples by x-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and microscopic observations were performed for a better understanding of residual effects after shock loading by using a propellant gun. The x-ray diffraction trace of each sample revealed the absence of additional constituents including metastable phases and high-pressure phases of silicon except for 11 and 38 GPa. At 11 GPa, small amounts of metastable phases of silicon were obtained. The formation of copper silicide (Cu3Si) was confirmed in the sample shocked at 38 GPa. Considering the surface morphology revealed by microscopic observation, a thermochemical reaction through the melting of silicon resulted in the formation of Cu3Si. An additional band and the center frequency deviation of a peak were shown in the Raman spectroscopy results. The results of x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy indicated that crystalline si...


The COVID 19 pandemic has forced schools, Universities to deliver courses in online learning environments. Finding an effective online learning model is crucial for online teachers to design, develop, and deliver an online course. This research has been conducted to analyze the online learning activities through using collaborative online learning in the flipped classroom for the students at the college level.  Data have been gathered through an online questionnaire and it was sent to 300 first-year students in the department of electronic and electrical engineering attending physics courses at Cao Thang Technical College. Cronbach's Alpha is applied to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of the associated factors. The exploratory factor analysis is performed to extract the variables and measure the factor loading in this study. Nine factors have been found to evaluate the effectiveness of collaborative online learning with flipped classroom, including goal and learning outcome (GLO), assessment strategy (AS), learning task (LT), course content (CC), learning resource materials (LRM), collaborative online learning (COL), types of interactions (ToI), types of presence (ToP), problem-solving task in post-class (PST-PC). The relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables is determined by using the linear regression model. The results show that nine independent variables were used in the study viz. GLO, AS, LT, CC, LRM, COL, ToI, ToP, and PST-PC positively impact students' satisfaction and further students' satisfaction positively impact the effectiveness of online learning (EOL).


This paper focuses on the development of necessary optimality conditions for nonautonomous optimal control problems with nonsmooth mixed state and control constraints. In most of the existing results, the necessary optimality conditions for nonautonomous optimal control problems with mixed state and control constraints are derived under the Mangasarian-Fromovitz condition or even stronger. In this paper we derive the necessary optimality conditions for nonautonomous optimal control problems under constraint qualifications which are weaker than Mangasarian-Fromovitz condition. Moreover necessary optimality conditions with an Euler inclusion taking a bounded explicit multiplier form are derived for certain cases. Specifying these results to bilevel optimal control problems with finite-dimensional lower level we obtain necessary optimality conditions under weaker qualification conditions.


Jinan City is the first pilot city for the construction of a hydroecological civilisation in China. Fifty-eight representative river sampling stations were selected through field trips and surveys, and fish were sampled in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2015. An index of fish biological integrity in Jinan City was constructed and to evaluate the hydroecological health of rivers. Canonical correlation analysis was used to select key driving factors that affect the health of the fish community. The results show that the key physical factor affecting water quality was turbidity, the key chemical factor affecting water quality was chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the key hydrological factor affecting water quality was discharge. Of all the driving factors, COD had the greatest effect on the health of the fish community, followed by discharge and turbidity. Macropodus chinensis Bloch was sensitive to changes in COD; Saurogobio dumerili Bleeker and Pseudolaubuca engraulis Nichols were sensitive to the hydrological factors of discharge and flow velocity; and Saurogobio gymnocheilus Lo and Squaliobarbus ourriculus Richardson were sensitive only to discharge. COD and discharge had a strong effect on fish survival, whereas turbidity affected fish survival but was not a major factor affecting the spatial distribution of river health. The findings can provide a reference for aquatic ecological rehabilitation in developing countries.


To solve the problem of trajectory tracking lateral control in autonomous driving technology, a model predictive control (MPC) controller trajectory tracking lateral control method combined with a deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (DDPG) is proposed in this paper. This method inputs the real-time state of the vehicle into DDPG to achieve real-time automatic optimization of the prediction time domain and control time domain parameters of the MPC controller, and then affects the specific performance of the MPC controller in trajectory tracking lateral control. Specifically, the state space, action space, and reward function of DDPG are defined, and the automatic driving trajectory tracking lateral controller is designed in combination with the vehicle dynamics model. To reduce the exploration space of DDPG and improve the training efficiency of the entire model, the technique of advantage-disadvantage experience separation and extraction is introduced. Finally, the proposed method was trained and verified in various scenarios, and compared with two other lateral control methods for autonomous driving. The results showed that the learning and training time of the trajectory tracking lateral control method based on DDPG-MPC was shorter than that of the DDPG-based method, and the evaluation indicators in the trajectory tracking control process were better than those of the DDPG-based method and original MPC-based method.


Due to its unique properties, aerogels have been widely used in various fields of human activity.Aerogels with a density less than 0.05 g/cm3, can be attributed to the ultra-low density aerogels.That nano-porous materialis of interest for thermonuclear fusion reactions, it can be used as a target for X-ray lasers and as a radiator in Cherenkov's detectors.In the course of this work it were obtained silica aerogelswith density of 0,004g/cm 3.


Simple Summary The natural compound sulforaphane is highly popular among tumor patients, since it is suggested to prevent oncogenesis and cancer progression. However, knowledge about its precise mode of action, particularly when drug resistance has been established, remains poor. The present study demonstrates the proliferation-blocking effects of SFN on a panel of drug-resistant bladder cancer cell lines. Abstract Combined cisplatin–gemcitabine (GC) application is standard for treating muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, since rapid resistance to treatment often develops, many patients turn to supplements in the form of plant-based compounds. Sulforaphane (SFN), derived from cruciferous vegetables, is one such compound, and the present study was designed to investigate its influence on growth and proliferation in a panel of drug-sensitive bladder cancer cell lines, as well as their gemcitabine- and cisplatin-resistant counterparts. Chemo-sensitive and -resistant RT4, RT112, T24, and TCCSUP cell lines were exposed to SFN in different concentrations, and tumor growth, proliferation, and clone formation were evaluated, in addition to apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Means of action were investigated by assaying cell-cycle-regulating proteins and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AKT signaling cascade. SFN significantly inhibited growth, proliferation, and clone formation in all four tumor cell lines. Cells were arrested in the G2/M and/or S phase, and alteration of the CDK–cyclin axis was closely associated with cell growth inhibition. The AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was deactivated in three of the cell lines. Acetylation of histone H3 was up-regulated. SFN, therefore, does exert tumor-suppressive properties in cisplatin- and gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer cells and could be beneficial in optimizing bladder cancer therapy.


The utility model discloses a heating type electrician shoe, comprising a mid-sole which is composed of a first woolen felt layer, a silicon rubber layer, an electrothermal film layer, a heat conducting film layer and a second woolen felt layer, arranged from bottom to top. The utilty model has reasonable structure and good heating and heat conducting performances, widely applicable to the power industry.


Optical imaging is an emerging new technology, which can produce cross-sectional images of very high resolutions. Micro architecture of biological tissues is tomographically imaged by measuring the echo time delay and intensity of backreflected or backscattered light. This technology is now able to generate realtime in situ images of normal and abnormal tissue architecture with resolution of 1.5 to 15 microns, which are not possible with other conventional imaging tools such as ultrasound, MRI or CT .


Is generated according to the Geolocation Server Station protocol, and the position measuring system (GPS) protocol independent interface for processing the protocol aiding data received at a call processor with an interface in a mobile device is disclosed. In protocol-independent interface, the GPS interface, means for converting and the means for receiving the protocol aiding data received at the call processor, the received protocol aiding data to the transmitting interface data to the Geolocation Server Station protocol, and, It can include means for passing the interface data to a GPS module. Protocol aiding data, an interface, a call processor, a mobile device, GPS, GPS module


"As a business school activity, grading is understood to include the process of making judgments about the knowledge or lack of it among students. Generally a domain of faculty, grading has always been a big issue both among faculty and students, and also at the institutional level. Based on a focus group discussion and utilizing insights of the qualitative characteristics and the conventions of accounting theory, this paper presents a framework for grading in management education. This framework suggests that strategies for correct grading should also take into consideration the institutional viewpoint and students perspective, apart from making grading a reliable and relevant exercise in itself."