In lattice QCD, the calculation of physical quantities from disconnected quark loop calculations have large variance due to the use of Monte Carlo methods for the estimation of the trace of the inverse lattice Dirac operator. In this work, we build upon our POLY and HFPOLY variance reduction methods by using high-degree polynomials. Previously, the GMRES polynomials used were only stable for low-degree polynomials, but through application of a new, stable form of the GMRES polynomial, we have achieved higher polynomial degrees than previously used. While the variance is not dependent on the trace correction term within the methods, the evaluation of this term will be necessary for forming the vacuum expectation value estimates. This requires computing the trace of high-degree polynomials, which can be evaluated stochastically through our new Multipolynomial Monte Carlo method. With these new high-degree noise subtraction polynomials, we obtained a variance reduction for the scalar operator of nearly an order of magnitude over that of no subtraction on a $24^3 \times 32$ quenched lattice at $\beta = 6.0$ and $\kappa = 0.1570 \approx \kappa_{crit}$. Additionally, we observe that for sufficiently high polynomial degrees, POLY and HFPOLY approach the same level of effectiveness. We also explore the viability of using double polynomials for variance reduction as a means of reducing the required orthogonalization and memory costs associated with forming high-degree GMRES polynomials.


Saponins are natural detergents found in many plants. Saponins have detergent or surfactant properties because they contain both water-soluble and fat-soluble components. They consist of a fat-soluble nucleus, having either a steroid or triterpenoid structure, with one or more side chains of water-soluble carbohydrates (Figure 1).


Osteopetrosis is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal resorption and remodelling of bones owing to the defective osteoclastic activity. In some cases it may be asymptomatic and diagnosed accidentally. Here, we present such a case of osteopetrosis where we suspected the disease from the chest roentgenogram of the patient. Then the typical osteosclerotic changes in the skeletal survey of the patient confirmed our diagnosis of osteopetrosis. Key Words: Osteopetrosis, Osteoclasts, Bone resorption.


In this paper the author aims to trace some semantic correspondence between the Homeric use and Turkish, through the analysis of conceptual structures evoluted in the long interval passed. Although the linguistic diversity, depending on socio-linguistic vicissitudes, first of all overlap of Turkish on Greek, caused radical changes in structures of base, survived components reveal the conceptual conservation, still related to the traditional use (one example is 'to be the spoil for dogs and birds', 'kurda kusa yem olmak' in Turkish). On the other side, a collateral analysis of the uses and customs in Homeric context, still existing as a result of a coherence between the linguistic form and function, serves to point out the social survivals that the language puts in disposition.

Keywords: semantic correspondence, conceptual conservation, metaphor-figura, patrius sermo


Summary Introduction. Depressive symptoms are very frequent in the population of patients with epilepsy. Comorbidity between depression and epilepsy is estimated in the range of 9–62%. There are no epidemiological studies in Poland thus far in that area and there is no translated and validated screening tool for depression dedicated for persons with epilepsy (PWEs). In this study we intended to validate the Polish version of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E), which is a short and accurate scale used in many countries for assessment of depressive symptoms in PWEs. Aim. The purpose of the study was to validate the Polish version of NDDI-E scale in the sample of PWEs. Material and methods. The consecutive 257 patients with epilepsy (PWEs) who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited by neurologists-epileptologists during their routine outpatient visits in the period from November 2016 to February 2017. The respondents completed the Polish translated version of NDDI-E scale and were assessed with the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI, depression module). Results. After excluding assessments with missing data, we analyzed data of 253 subjects. Sixty-four patients (25.1%) had current major depressive disorder (MDD) according to the MINI criteria. The Cronbach's coefficient for the NDDI-E was 0.822. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed an area under the curve of 0.882 (p < 0.001; asymptotic 95% confidence intervals ranged from 0.832 to 0.932). The cut-off point of 9 corresponded to sensitivity of 0.766 and specificity of 0.858. Conclusion. The Polish version of NDDI-E scale after validation with a cut-off 9 points may be a useful tool for diagnosing depression in a Polish population of PWEs.


The accuracy of object detection based on kitchen appliance scene images can suffer severely from external disturbances such as various levels of specular reflection, uneven lighting, and spurious lighting, as well as internal scene-related disturbances such as invalid edges and pattern information unrelated to the object of interest. The present study addresses these unique challenges by proposing an object detection method based on improved faster R-CNN algorithm. The improved method can identify object regions scattered in various areas of complex appliance scenes quickly and automatically. In this paper, we put forward a feature enhancement framework, named deeper region proposal network (D-RPN). In D-RPN, a feature enhancement module is designed to more effectively extract feature information of an object on kitchen appliance scene. Then, we reconstruct a U-shaped network structure using a series of feature enhancement modules. We have evaluated the proposed D-RPN on the dataset we created. It includes all kinds of kitchen appliance control panels captured in nature scene by image collector. In our experiments, the best-performing object detection method obtained a mean average precision mAP value of 89.84% in the testing dataset. The test results show that the proposed improved algorithm achieves higher detecting accuracy than state-of-the-art object detection methods. Finally, our proposed detection method can further be used in text recognition.


Regional development needs to be run or developed as an important effort to realize broad, real and responsible autonomy. Officially, Regional Autonomy is effective in Indonesia since January 1, 2001, so that regions are required to seek alternative sources of revenue that can be used to finance regional expenditures or expenditures. Since the enactment of Regional Autonomy, local governments are granted the right, authority and obligation to manage and manage their own affairs government and local communities within the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Implementation of broad autonomy, real and responsible required the ability of regions to explore their own financial resources supported by the financial balance between the Central Government and Local Government.This study aims to determine the evaluation of the effectiveness, contribution and potential tax revenues to revenue native regency north minahasa. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive data. The results of this study the authors found that the effectiveness of income changed so as to the contribution and potential of hotel tax revenues. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the company needs to increase the effectiveness of contribution and the potential of tax revenue to increase local revenue. That way the authors can provide suggestions that the government continues to improve its performance so that the professionalism of work continues to improve and the level of effectiveness that has been good to continue to consistently increase. Keywords: evektifitas, contribution, potential tax revenue, local revenue


FIELD: mining. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in roller-bit drilling of blast and survey wells at mining enterprises. Claimed process comprises technical inspection and removal of preservation oil. Drill bit is processed in oil reservoir and outlet nozzle orifices are calibrated. Well drilling conditions are defined. MTBR intervals are defined and drill bit is mounted at the drilling rig. Air-emulsion mix is forced in the drill bit and well is trial-bored. The boring is executed at working conditions and drilling parameters are controlled. Drill bit operating conditions are checked before repair cycle, drill bit is removed from the bar, flushed and blown, check valve is tested, repaired and replaced, drill bit legs and flaps are recovered by recovered by building up. Bearings and lock pints are replaced while drill bit is processed in oil pool. Drill bit is mounted at drilling rig and the cycle is repeated. In case drill bit and inserts are worn, drill bit is put out of operation. After drill bit processing in oil pool the bearings are filled with grease to diagnose said rill bit by vibratory diagnostics of cutter and drill bit rotation and heat monitoring control over bearing is performed. Obtained data allows definition of mining conditions optimum well drilling conditions including axial force at the well mouth, drill bit rpm, compressed air pressure and flow rate. EFFECT: higher efficiency of drilling. 7 dwg


A vehicle system has been built and tested to investigate some of the unknown factors with regard to the operation of a remotely controlled vehicle on the surface of the moon. A general vehicle system description is presented, giving attention to the wheel drive subsystem, the steering subsystem, the power system, the control console, the command subsystem, the television subsystem, the telemetry subsystem, and the navigation subsystem. The remote control driving station consists of the antenna system, the video display system, the instrument and control panel, the data panel, and the steering and throttle controls. Initial tests with the vehicle and the remote driving station were conducted in March and April 1971.


Article history: Received 2 November 2017 Received in revised form 1 December 2017 Accepted 24 December 2017 Available online 26 December 2017 This paper focused of a robust flight control system (FCS) for a small UAV. The main objective of this design is to ensure the small UAV can fly safely in severe gusty conditions. The Superaugmentation FCS consisted of Stability Augmentation System (SAS) and Command Stability Augmentation System (CSAS) was developed in UTMLST to improve the dynamic characteristics of the longitudinal stability of UAV; i.e UTM Camar. A combination of the variable stability technique along with advanced flying and handling qualities (FHQ) requirements are used to reduce the gust effect on the aircraft or UAV. The results obtained from the simulation studies showed that the superaugmented aircraft can be operated in severe gust environments than augmented aircraft. The result from here has reduced strain on the elevator activity in both extreme and calm weather conditions. Moreover, the superaugmentation FCS in the longitudinal axis meets the requirements of the level 1 handling qualities specification in flight phase.


With the fast development and popularization of internet, a new form of literature, network literature, appeared. It has many advantages on technique and can become the most active literature form. But now network literature is in embarrassment. for example, the quantity of network literature is huge, but good works are scanty. And network literature has free space to write, but the themes are strait, And network literature has superiorty on technique, but the shape of works is monotonous, And the space of writing is flourishing, but the field of review is silent relatively. It calls itself as odd literature, but it craves to turn into the traditional literature. The reasons of embarrassed situation are due to the low level of the writers, and the motive to play of writing and pursuing non-literature, and people's swimmy understanding of the features of network literature.


Pad Printing has come a long way since its birth during the pre-industrial revolution. Gone are the painstakingly hand-etched plates, the mortarand-pestle-ground ink pigments, and the gelatin pads used by the clockmakers of yesteryear to laboriously print elaborate dial faces. Today's pneumatically powered pad printers can handle 3000 or more impressions per hour on precision-conveyed parts that are automatically inspected to exacting tolerances with computerized vision systems and then unloaded by high-speed, robotic pick-and-place arms. Keeping pace with global economic demands, industrial manufacturers have seen pad-printing technology evolve to integrate efficiency, ergonomics, and environmental improvements. Pneumatic and servo motor-driven electric machines have replaced hand-operated pad presses; high-speed gantry systems now take the place of manual loading and unloading; and hermetically sealed magnetic inkcups are used instead of wasteful open inkwells. From medical-product manufacturers' clean rooms to automotive-manufacturing assembly lines, pad-printing machines are adaptable enough to customize for an entire spectrum of industrial product marking and consumer product-decorating needs. This discussion of innovations in pad-printing technology presents case studies that illustrate the efficacy of modern pad presses and examines some challenging jobs for which pad printing was the ultimate solution.


In this paper, Zn-Sn target material alloys were prepared in an electric resistance furnace. The effects of cooling condition on casting macro-defect, microstructure and segregation of ingots during solidification have been investigated by SEM and EDX analyses. The results show that the alloys casted in air-cooled and water-cooled steel moulds have not apparent casting macro-defects. The measured Sn concentration of alloys is very close to the nominal composition. The microstructures of Zn-Sn alloys are consisting of Zn-rich primary dendrite phase and divorced eutectic Sn-rich phase. The ingots solidified in water-cooled steel moulds have smaller grains than in air-cooled moulds.


Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an important cause of short-and long-term disability. The term JIA encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases that is classifi ed according to three major types of presentation: oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, and systemic onset JIA (SoJIA). Each of these groups has diff erent prognosis and responds differently to available therapies (1 – 4), suggesting that their pathogenesis is also unique. Children with SoJIA usually present with systemic symptoms, fever and/or rash, which precede the development of arthritis for weeks or even years. Once arthritis develops, these patients have a highly variable disease outcome. The overall prognosis correlates with the persistence of systemic symptoms and the number of joints involved 6 mo after the initial presentation (5 – 8). Because of lack of success with conventional treatment, up to 50% of patients with SoJIA continue to have active arthritis 5 – 10 yr after diagnosis (2, 9, 10). Because long-term disability is directly correlated with duration of active disease, this group has the most severe outcome and thus has represented the most serious challenge to pediatric rheumatologists. We have recently shown that IL-1 is a major mediator of the infl ammatory cascade underlying SoJIA (11). Indeed, IL-1Ra is an eff ective treatment for this disease (11 – 14). IL-1 is also involved in the pathogenesis of familial auto-infl ammatory syndromes (15 – 17), and blocking Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) represents up to 20% of juvenile idio-pathic arthritis. We recently reported that interleukin (IL) 1 is an important mediator of this disease and that IL-1 blockade induces clinical remission. However, lack of specifi city of the initial systemic manifestations leads to delays in diagnosis and initiation of therapy. To develop a specifi c diagnostic test, we analyzed leukocyte gene expression profi les of 44 pediatric SoJIA patients, 94 pediatric patients with acute viral and bacterial infections, 38 pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 6 patients with PAPA syndrome , and 39 healthy children. Statistical group comparison and class prediction identifi ed genes differentially expressed in SoJIA patients compared with healthy children. These genes, however, were also changed in patients with acute infections and SLE. An analysis of signifi cance across all diagnostic groups identifi ed 88 SoJIA-specifi c genes, 12 of which accurately classifi ed an independent set of SoJIA patients with systemic disease. Transcripts that changed signifi cantly in patients undergoing IL-1 blockade were also …


The architecture of the avionic embedded file system ACoreFS is presented.In order to adapting the limited resource in the avionic embedded system,the ACoreFS is designed as a loadable component.The VFS layer is designed to provide an accordant interface,and the user can chose and load the different logical file system on the VFS based on the demand of the project or the character of the storage device.The block data cache layer is designed to improve the access performance,which use the Hash algorithm to manage the data blocks.


Introduction. In recent years, the state has been paying great attention to the national development of the regions of the Russian Federation, in which the education sector plays an important role. Regionalization of education involves the creation of conditions for the functioning of regional educational systems in accordance with the cultural needs of the regions, taking into account the national and regional specifics and identity. For fifteen years, the ideological policy of the state in the field of education has been implemented in Mordovia, there is a tendency to teach the native (Mokshan or Erzyan) language. The study of this process is necessary for the formation of the prospects for the development of the regional educational space at the present time. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the use of problem-chronological and historical-comparative methods, which make it possible to trace the history of the development of schools and pedagogical educational institutions of the region in dynamics, to consider general patterns and regional features of the development of the school system. Results. In the course of the study, the features of the development of national education in the Mordovian territory were studied from the moment the Mordovian state autonomy was founded (late 1920s – 1930s) to the present. The specificity of the Soviet model of school education was considered, as well as the school in the post-Soviet period. In addition, the system of teaching national languages, which has developed today, has been analyzed. Discussion and Conclusion. The study of the basic principles of the development of national education in Mordovia showed that at different stages the degree of implementation of the regional component in the general education system was different.

A specific feature of educational policy in the USSR was the gradual denationalization of schools on the basis of a single Russian language. The tendency towards teaching the native language in the system of secondary (general) education in Mordovia began to manifest itself by the beginning of the 1990s. The main task of the Ministry of Education of Mordovia was to ensure the coordinated combination of the Mordovian and Russian components in the general educational institutions of the republic. The revival of high-quality teaching of Mordovian languages fell on the 2000s, when, with the support of regional and federal authorities, a movement began to restore the prestige of the national school.


According to the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a camera to be needed in some applications for machine vision,a method based on the neural network with embedded orthogonal weight matrix is proposed for camera calibration.Firstly,the neural network with the embedded orthogonal weight matrix is structured,whose weights are corresponding to the camera extrinsic parameters and intrinsic parameters.Thus,the structured neural network coincides with the model of camera.The generation of orthogonal weight matrix is served as the last mutation operator in the iteration of genetic algorithm,and the performance index is the square of 2-norm of the difference between vector consisting of network's outputs and homogeneous coordinate of corresponding feature point projected in image plane.Meanwhile,a hybrid genetic-simulation annealing algorithm is introduced into the solving-programming.When the system comes to the equilibrium,the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera can be obtained in the light of network's weights.The simulated experiments illustrate that the proposed algorithm is robust,and has the advantages of high calibration precision,simplicity and clarity according to real experiments.It provides an effective solution scheme for camera calibration of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters.


Chapter 1: Plasma generation, ion sampling and focusing. Chapter 2: Mass spectrometers. Chapter 3: Ion detection, Data Acquisition and Handling. Chapter 4: Calibration strategies and quality assurance. Chapter 5: Liquid sample introduction: Fundamentals and applications of flow injection and electrothermal vaporisation for ICP-MS. Chapter 6: Laser ablation. Chapter 7. Speciation Analysis. Chapter 8: Collision and reaction cells. Chapter 9: ICP-MS Applications.


We investigate the problem of sum-rate maximization of a secondary link of full-duplex generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) radios operating over a spectrum hole, which is surrounded by two active primary adjacent channels. Thus, the secondary transmissions must be below an adjacent channel interference (ACI) threshold. In-band distortions and several interference terms are also caused by phase noise, in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalance, carrier frequency offset (CFO) and the nonlinear power amplifier (PA). Analog domain and digital domain self-interference (SI) cancellation is also considered. We study the two cases of two independent oscillators for local transmitter and receiver and one common shared oscillator. We derive the powers of residual SI, desired signal, interference signal and noise, signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio (SINR) and the power spectral density (PSD) of the transmit signal. By using successive convex approximations, we solve the sum-rate maximization problem. Finally, we show that in full-duplex radios under certain RF impairments, GFDM may double the sum rate compared to that of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).


The molecular compositions of the commercial nonionic surfactants Span 80 and Span 85 were analyzed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both surfactants are mixtures of fatty acid esters, containing monoesters, diesters, triesters, and tetraesters. While diesters dominate in the case of Span 80, Span 85 contains mainly tetraesters. Vesicles were prepared from Span 80 (or Span 85) by a two‐step emulsification method that involved homogenization and separation steps in which a portion of the surfactants was removed. The composition of the vesicles was analyzed by HPLC with respect to the different esters present. Although commercial Span 80 and Span 85 differ considerably in their molecular compositions, the ester profiles of the vesicles formed were in both cases rather similar and dominated by diesters. Therefore, the particular vesicle preparation method leads to a molecular selection of mainly those components that are prone to form bilayers.


Based on the theory of elasticity,an analytic expression is derived for the displacement of a cylindrical rubber bush mountings subjected to radial loading using Euler equations. The assumption of incompressibility is not adopted to evaluate the influence of Poisson's ratio. And the radial stiffness for plane problem is deduced. The displacement's increment after releasing the restrictions of both ends is derived using modified Bessel functions,and then,the exact radial stiffness of the bush with finite lengths is obtained according to superposition of displacements. It is shown that the influence of Poisson's ratio on the radial stiffness is great when it is from 0.48 to 0.5. The calculated radial stiffness is consistent with that from the available experimental data.


The paper presents a brief historical analysis and outline of the contemporary issues of the 'open access' initiative. The beginning of the 'OA' movement to scientific publications emerged in the 1990s of the 20th century and was associated with the possibilities of providing free and quick access for scientists to scientific information online, as well as the idea of overcoming financial barriers. The paper provides an overview of current tendencies and models of application in regards to this publication model. The evaluations presented in this paper are carried on the basis of analyses and studies of the evolution of open access in the past decade. On this ground the conclusion is drawn, that in spite of the difficulties, barriers and resistance, the achievements made so far show some optimism for the future of OA. The first steps in this regard are taken through the creation of a more effective and cheaper global network for communication in science, which possesses and distributes enormous databases. Such a system should outline the road to coordination and relationship within particular fields of knowledge. It should also resolve a basic question, namely the possibility of the representatives of research communities at large, regardless where they are, to work in an interactive mode throughout the entire research cycle - from the exchange of ideas, research methods, instruments, data, and information to the final result of their collective labor. Additionally, this report also provides a short examination of OA within the context of both international practices (with a focus on European experience in the Open Access field, as well as looking at the current tendencies regarding this publishing model in Bulgaria).


ABSTRACT:This essay focuses on the work of two Yoruba-language poet-performers, Lanrewaju Adepoju and Olatubosun Oladapo, as an example of artistic treatment of secularism. Both are accomplished poets with several poetry volumes, scores of audio LPs and cassettes, and studio broadcasts to their credit. They work in the genre of ewì, Yoruba poetry composed in print and recited over an orchestra of percussive music, with or without sung sequences. Though they compose and perform exclusively in Yoruba, the social impulse of their work is to an inclusive Nigerian public that is imagined to be differentiated and representative of the world at large. It is from this conception that I shall explore the idea of secularism, a worldly practice of political critique emerging out of the simultaneity of socioeconomic-artistic spheres that is flexible, incorporative, and open to change. The essay analyzes the changing political critiques in these poets' works as discourses of the secular.


A method is presented to search for a hypertorus symmetry axis by the alignment of distant objects. This offers greater sensitivity than previously proposed object-based methods. When applied to the catalog of objects with z > 1, we find no evidence for a compact dimension. We deduce a lower limit to the compact dimension size D > 0.9 of the distance to the cosmic horizon. This is consistent with independent constraints from the recent analysis of the WMAP microwave background data.


The present invention relates to a method for calibrating, or adjusting, the level of oxygen in respiratory gas related to the level of oxygen in the blood circulation of the individual, comprising providing a level of oxygen in the gas flow passing into, or out, of the respiratory system of the individual and producing a corresponding first output, providing a level of oxygen in the blood circulation of the individual and producing a corresponding second output, providing a computer for receiving and storing at least two measurements, each measurement being the concurrent output of said first output and said second output within a data structure, in which the two stored outputs are mutually related, in data storage means associated with the computer, the at least two measurements being conducted at respective levels of oxygen in the gas flow passing into the respiratory system, and calibrating the level of oxygen in the gas value in response to a delay between the level of oxygen in the blood circulation of the individual and the level of oxygen in the gas flow passing into, or out, of the respiratory system of the individual.


The main results and the present status of technology developments for future launch vehicle liquid rocket engines under development at Astrium, Space Infrastructure Division (SI) are shown. A summary of recent technology efforts for enhanced heat transfer to the coolant for expander cycle engines is given. The main technologies for enhanced heat transfer investigated by subscale chamber hot-firing tests are • Increase of chamber length • Hot gas side ribs in the chamber • Artificially increased surface roughness. For upcoming subscale chamber tests with new injection elements as high mass flow elements and for tests simulating hot preburned propellants as for staged combustion cycle engines a new modular subscale chamber injector was designed and manufactured. This injector allows for an easy exchange of different injection elements. By this, cost effective hot-fire tests with different injection element concepts can be performed. The Astrium subscale chamber has been modified by introduction of a segmented cooled cylindrical section which gives the possibility to test different manufacturing concepts for cooled chamber technologies by exchanging the individual segments. Hence, a very cost effective tool for hot-fire tests is available. Advanced thrust chamber manufacturing technologies with the main objective to reduce the manufacturing cost are presently being developed and prepared for demonstration by hot-fire tests on the segmented subscale chamber. Among these technologies the soldering technique for closing the milled coolant channels by a metallic outer jacket is presently under investigation. A combined composite manufacturing of a cooled liner presently under development combines the advantages of the newly introduced rapid pulse plating electrodeposition technique with the soldering of the manifolds to the liner. The recent results of hot-fire tests with thermal barrier coatings applied to the segments of the new segmented subscale chamber are shown.


In the present invention, the boundaries of a play area 184 are set by a prescribed rule, using as a reference the boundaries 182a, 182b of a field of view of an imaging device 12, in a real space that includes a user 120. A warning state assessment unit assesses the need for a warning when the user goes outside the play area 184, and overlays a warning image on a display image. In accordance with orientation, the situation, etc. in the real space, changes can be made with respect to whether to provide a margin region between the boundaries of the play area 184 and the boundaries 182a, 182b of the field of view, or the width of such margin region.


Model extraction attacks are a kind of attacks in which an adversary obtains a new model, whose performance is equivalent to that of a target model, via query access to the target model efficiently, i.e., fewer datasets and computational resources than those of the target model. Existing works have dealt with only simple deep neural networks (DNNs), e.g., only three layers, as targets of model extraction attacks, and hence are not aware of the effectiveness of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in dealing with time-series data. In this work, we shed light on the threats of model extraction attacks against RNNs. We discuss whether a model with a higher accuracy can be extracted with a simple RNN from a long short-term memory (LSTM), which is a more complicated and powerful RNN. Specifically, we tackle the following problems. First, in a case of a classification problem, such as image recognition, extraction of an RNN model without final outputs from an LSTM model is presented by utilizing outputs halfway through the sequence. Next, in a case of a regression problem. such as in weather forecasting, a new attack by newly configuring a loss function is presented. We conduct experiments on our model extraction attacks against an RNN and an LSTM trained with publicly available academic datasets. We then show that a model with a higher accuracy can be extracted efficiently, especially through configuring a loss function and a more complex architecture different from the target model.


This paper shows an application of the already proposed final-state control method to a cart and pendulum system and demonstrates that the method is useful for positioning control of mechanical systems with a flexible mode. In numerical calculations and experiments, we assume that the effective length of the pendulum changes, and the settling characteristics and the robustness of the final-state control performance under this parameter variation are investigated. It is shown that the final-state control performance with the feedforward input is better than that without it within a certain range of parameter variation, and that the use of the feedforward input designed by considering the parameter variation is effective in improving the robustness.


Research purposes: The planed Xiangride-Huashixia Highway is located in Qinghai Province,with total length of 156.61 km,Starting in Xiangride to connect the G109 National Highway,and ending in Huashixia to connect G214 National Highway.The sea level elevation of the most parts of the section between K 88 +200 and K 156 +610 with total length of 68.41 km is above 4 000 m and the highest sea level elevation is 4 445.647 m in the Zhuowoyi gap.This Highway is located in the east Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the development edge of of the permafrost area.This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics and the change law of permafrost along the highway based on the analysis of the surveyed data.Research conclusions:The analysis of the surveyed data shows the permafrost in this area so closely correlates with sea level elevation that the permafrost is mainly located in the front and rear areas of Zhouwoyi gap with the sea level elevation of above 4 200 m.There are some residual permafrost in the area of lacustrine soil with sea level elevation of 4 000~4 200 m.The permafrost along the highway is in degenerate status and the permafrost on the south slope is degenerated seriously and the temperature of north slope is lower than south slope.


A low-pass filter (LPF) for ATM traffic measurement is presented and an admission control method based on it is proposed. Instantaneous rate is estimated with the LPF and the maximum instantaneous rate (MIR) observed over the monitoring period is used to determine the residual bandwidth in the method. Hence we call it the MIR method. We developed an analytical model to investigate the performance of the MIR method. We confirmed that the MIR method regulates the number of connections properly even for connections with long holding time. In addition, the MIR method is robust against long range dependent traffic, which degrades the robustness of many previously proposed methods. Because the MIR method does not assume any mathematical model and can be implemented with simple hardware, it is well suited for practical ATM switching systems.


Abstract The Europium chalcogenide (EuX) thin films have been deposited bare glass substrates by chemically spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures, in aqueous medium. The films synthesised were studied morphologically. The effect of substrate temperature on morphological properties has been investigated. The XRD studies reveal that the films are polycrystalline in nature and the deposited material was europium sulphide. The SEM analysis conform the formation of small grains on overall substrate.


Previously, we reported the development of comprehensive pathophysiology (FKJ) and clinical medicine (MPS) lecture pairs with the primary objective of integration in the physician assistant (PA) didactic curriculum at LMU‐DCOM. The PA program had 4 physiology/pathophysiology courses (I–IV) spanning all 4 semesters of the 13‐month didactic curriculum. In the Spring 2015 semester Physiology/Pathophysiology III course, the integrative topics were hypertensive crisis, heart failure, circulatory shock and chest pain. All materials have been previously covered in the previous Fall 2014 semester in the Physiology/Pathophysiology II and Clinical Medicine I courses from an organ system point‐of‐view. Lecture pairs were delivered "back‐to‐back" in the last lecture block of the Physiology/Pathophysiology III course and were tested on the final exam of the course using higher order pathophysiology and clinical scenario based questions. Scores for the pathophysiology questions increased by 9 points (100 point scale), and scores for the clinical medicine questions increased by 6 points (100 point scale) compared to the respective fall courses. Anonymous, voluntary end‐of‐course survey in Likert scale format was used to evaluate the students' perceptions of these lectures. The survey was completed by 51% of the class. Of those students, 98% agreed that these lectures enhanced their understanding of pathophysiology (strongly agreed: 70%; agreed 28%) and clinical medicine (strongly agreed: 72%; agreed 26%). Additionally, all participating students agreed (strongly agreed: 74%; agreed 26%) that these lectures helped to integrate pathophysiology with clinical medicine. Students found all topics similarly useful: 98% agreed (strongly agreed: 60%; agreed 38%) that the hypertensive crisis, 97% agreed (strongly agreed: 57%; agreed 40%) that the heart failure, 100% agreed (strongly agreed: 60%; agreed 40%) that the circulatory shock, and 98% agreed (strongly agreed: 62%; agreed 36%) that the chest pain lectures were useful in understanding the course material. These results suggest that lectures with the specific objective of integration of pathophysiology and clinical medicine materials are useful and well received by the students. We concluded that using pathophysiology and clinical medicine lecture pairs is an effective way to integrate basic science and clinical medicine materials.


This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the Nsoatre cooperative credit union. The objective of the study was to examine the credit union's operations; assess the loan performance of the credit union; examine the sources of deposits of the union and how the union raises funds and the utilization of their funds mobilized.
The research was purely an exploratory; for the information and operations of credit unions are not widely circulated coupled with little literature especially in print media in the District. The research design adopted for the study includes face- to- face structured interviews and administration of questionnaires. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study simply because the 9 sample selected who were also respondents were considered to have in-depth knowledge of the problem studied. Notable among the findings for the study include low disbursement rate. The operations of the union were not the best hence they need more training and support to enhance their effectiveness and competiveness. The credit union was found to be performing well in mobilizing savings and raising funds for investment, yet the cooperative was beset with high loan loss and weak credit administration though it significantly improved in the 2014 financial year. In conclusion, the study revealed that between 2010 and 2014, the union performed well in mobilizing deposits; the cooperative union invested the funds prudently to ensure maximization of returns and they improved tremendously in rescuing their loan loss rate. The loan recovery rate was good although the loan selection criteria were weak. The disbursement rate was also low because of the union's unwillingness to take much risk. However, this could be an encumbrance to the union in fulfilling its mandate of providing financial support for their members. The union needed to improve their systems and structures to help make the organization effective in the discharge of its mandate.%%%%A Thesis submitted to the Department of Accounting and Finance, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration (Finance Option)%%%%KNUST


Today, women are actively pursuing politic sphere, holding top government posts, and participating in government at the federal and municipal levels. However, the area of women's political image making is still insufficiently studied. Most Russian women politicians shape their image based on male techniques. However, the electorate perceives women quite differently than men; in addition, the gender stereotyping of politics is an extremely acute issue for Russia, which must be taken into account.


This commentary discusses global environmental changes and the need for an integrated Earth information and data management system. The social, economic, and scientific forces that are driving the development of such a system are detailed. Taking action on the aforementioned 3 imperatives will benefit countries worldwide and help shape sound decisions by policymakers, industry, and the public on environmental issues impacting on the marine environment.


Towards the end of the 19 century, the technologies of the British industrial revolution began to spread to countries outside Europe and the USA. While colonial India was no exception, her industrial performance in this period was unimpressive, particularly if compared to European offshoots such as Australia and Canada, but also if compared to a Japanese colony such as Korea (Kohli, 2004). A long-standing argument made both by nationalist politicians and prominent economic historians (Nehru, 1947; Bairoch, 1989) blames this modest performance on British trade policy. By keeping India open to imports of cheap British manufactures, they argued, the imperial power made it excessively hard for Indian industry to emerge. This argument is supported by the observation that Australia and Canada, by then substantially independent colonies, decided to protect their nascent industry behind a high tariff wall. Indeed, economists have found that countries with higher industrial tariffs industrialised faster in this period (Lehman and O'Rourke, 2012).


The increase of the older population makes relevant the discussion about citizens' rights. This research had the objectives: to understand which are the main laws related to older people, to understand how public policies are made, and to identify if the design study area has contributions to make. We made a literature review and a workshop based on the double diamond method. The workshop was done with people representing the public power and the older civil society from the West region of Belo Horizonte – MG. The conclusions were that design can contribute in organizing the ideas at meetings and make them more efficient.


In this paper, a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial modulation (SM) technology based on traditional SM and double spatial modulation (DSM) technology, which is called three-symbol spatial modulation (TSSM) technique, is proposed for high speed railway (HSR) wireless mobile communication systems. In the proposed TSSM scheme, TSSM technology is adopted and one or two modulation symbols can be applied to transmit information bit through one or two active antennas in the different time slot at the base station (BS). The maximum likelihood (ML) detector is used for detecting the correct modulation symbols index (SI) and antenna index (AI) on the train. The maximum data rate (MDR), receiver computational complexity (RCC) and bit error rate (BER) performance of the TSSM system under HSR wireless mobile communication scenario are analyzed, verified and discussed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed TSSM scheme has significant improvement in the MDR compared to SM and its RCC greatly reduced compared to DSM with MDR is almost not decrease. The proposed scheme TSSM is able to achieve a good compromise between the performance of MDR, RCC and BER for HSR wireless mobile communication systems.


SummaryPlants of a tomato cultivar of normal fruit-size, weak vegetative development and high productivity (L. esculentum cv. New Yorker) and another of small fruit-size (cherry) and strong vegetative development (L. esculentum var. cerasiforme cv. PE-62) were grown in an unheated plastic greenhouse and irrigated with 0 and 140 mM NaCl water (control and saline treatments, respectively). The shoot and leaf dry weights and leaf area reductions induced by salinity were related to the osmotic adjustment achieved at each time and cultivar. Plants of cv. PE-62 showed a decrease in shoot to root dry-weight ratio in response to salinity. Yields of both cultivars were reduced significantly by salinity; a result of a fewer fruits and smaller fruits. Fruits from salt treated plants contained a higher concentration of reducing sugars and organic acids than those of control plants. The fruit life span was shortened in plants under saline stress. In both cultivars, the leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψos) level...


Atom probe tomography, thanks to the advent of laser-assistance (LA-APT), is becoming a promising tool for confined volume materials characterization in the semiconductor industry. A prime example is APT's potential for dopant profiling, or more general compositional analysis, in confined three dimensional nanostructures and nanodevices [Van17]. Nevertheless, the standard APT analysis of heterogenous systems still encounters several artefacts, due to for instance the non-stoichiometric evaporation and detection of different atomic species, non-ideal reconstruction algorithms for 3D volumes and differential laser light adsorption. Therefore more (fundamental) studies are required to bring APT up to the required accuracy and precision. In this work we specifically address the challenge of quantification accuracy and compositional profiling of Si x Ge 1-x compounds in thin films and the more complicated 3D devices (such as the gate-all-around (GAA) field-effect transistor, Fig A.), which are of high interest for future semiconductor applications (see e.g. [Mer17]).


The loess-paleosol sequence in the central Loess Plateau of China is produced under arid to sub-humid climatic conditions and contains abundant carbonates. These carbonates could be partly detrital derived from provenance by aerosol and partly authigenic precipitated during weathering and pedogenesis after deposition of the aerosol. Some previous studies have examined oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of the carbonates by means of whole rock samples containing various amounts of detrital carbonates.This study separates authigenic carbonate from detrital one and only examines the former in order to investigate isotopic composition of the pedogenic carbonate and to discuss its relationships to the Asian paleomonsoon probably existing during the last interglacial time.


This paper first analyzes the runnable mechanism of cleaner production. It is considered that cleaner production is influenced by the government, market, enterprise, public and society. From these five aspects, the paper discusses the problem of cleaner product faced in China, and gives some advice.


The objective of this study was to analyze the molecular regulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) gene expression in human cells. Allergic diseases (e.g., asthma) comprise one of the most prominent medical problems in Canada, and their incidence and severity are on the increase here as in most industrialized countries. Allergic responses are initiated by contact of allergens with specific IgE antibodies on mast cells, leading to cellular activation. Such activation induces mast cells to release very large amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF -a which, by itself, mediates much of the cellular recruitment associated with the allergic late phase response (LPR). Most of the pathology of allergic diseases is directly attributable to the LPR. The molecular mechanism regulating TNF -a expression in mast cells, as opposed to that in macrophages (which can also produce an abundance ofTNF-a) is poorly understood. My hypothesis is that if TNF -a were differentially regulated in mast cells, it might be possible to therapeutically manipulate its highly pathogenic contributions to allergic diseases without affecting the other roles of this cytokine in the body. I examined the kinetics of TNF -a gene transcription and protein expression in mast cell-differentiated KU812 cells which I stimulated with phorbol-12, 13-myristate acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMA and A23187 effectively mimic F cERI stimulation of mast cells). RT-PCR and ELISA methods were used to detect TNF-a mRNA and protein, respectively. My results indicate that low levels of TNF-a is stored in the unstimulated cells (but not in the supernatant fluids), high levels of TNFa were secreted into the culture supernatants within 2 hr after stimulation. The critical regulatory elements in the human TNF -a promoter were studied. A human TNF -a gene promoter fragment ( -625 to


The ratio of doubly to singly charged ions was measured in the plumes of a 30 cm and of a 40 cm ion thruster. The measured ratio was correlated with observed erosion rates and thruster operating conditions. The measured and calculated erosion rates paralleled variation in the j(sup ++)/j(sup +) ratio and indicated that the erosion was dominated by Xe III. Simple models of cathode potential surfaces which were developed in support of this work were in agreement with this conclusion and provided a predictive capability of the erosion given the ratio of doubly to singly charged ion currents.


Broadcast satellite network 200 digital real-time program information and the best of a plurality of router node 230 from the source (201) and transmits the data to the port. A router node from the received multiplex signal ereul example via satellite Best-in is especially suitable as an extraction port, the number of data streams to. A large number of management techniques are described. According to one technique, the packet 150 and the destination address to route the packet to the destination, based fixed manner to the second header (156) to determine the payload of the packet syntax and semantics to be analyzed, one facing panel key or it is formed to have a network layer header 152 includes a payload 158 that contains commands to be executed by the individual to be more managed nodes (230). Packet is transmitted many times over one or a plurality of nodes including a higher node to be managed, an instruction of a particular packet is only run once. According to other techniques, it is divided into the node 230 group. In one technique, a unique self-check is assigned to each group, the packet containing the command includes the identifier. Packet is sent once and received by all nodes comprising a group of nodes that are assigned to the same self-check. Just run the only nodes in the group who have the same check command. According to another embodiment, the manager node 212 maintains a list of all the nodes in the group address, and by transmitting the packet to the one automatically to each of the address to enable the automatic communication of the same packet to multiple nodes.


Michel Foucault's work is marked by a continual displacement. In particular between two axes: power-knowledge on one side, subjectivation on the other. Foucault introduces a new line of thought in his philosophy, in which the subject takes up an active role in his own constitution as such. The concept of transgression, taken from Georges Bataille, is key to understanding this third Foucault and allows for a better understanding and shaping of what may be called, following Immanuel Kant, a modern attitude. K e y w o r d s Foucault, bataille, subjectivation, modern attitude, transgression, limit, freedom. 1 Dennis Schutijser, professeur agrégé, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. (PUCE). firstname.lastname@example.com


In this paper, I argue against word-external suppletive triggers for participant number suppletion (Bobaljik & Harley 2017; Toosarvandani 2016). I show that, cross-linguistically, reduplication and suppletion overlap in their distribution to mark participant number. I argue that this provides evidence for a unified account of participant number where there is a verb-internal node that reflects number. This node is valued by the features of the closest argument and triggers Vocabulary Insertion (VI) of the suppletive root or is realized as a reduplicative affix. My analysis, therefore, expands on current issues of locality. I propose that by examining reduplication and suppletion for participant number, a stricter locality condition can be maintained: the trigger for suppletion is always in the complex X.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing a solar cell, comprising the following steps: a, providing a cylindrical silicon; step B, a cylindrical cutting a silicon substrate to form a plurality of disc-shaped wafers; step C preform PN junction, a plurality of disc-shaped, comprising a laminated and disposed in contact with a first silicon layer, and a second silicon layer; step d, the cutting of the disc-shaped preform to obtain a plurality of PN junction second PN junction structure, a second PN junction structure each having an arcuate surface; step E, a plurality of said second PN junction structure are sequentially arranged along a line so that a plurality of second PN junction structure a curved surface side by side, and an electrode layer form a second PN junction between every two adjacent structure. The method of preparing a solar cell of the present invention is efficient use of raw materials, and prepared a solar cell of high photoelectric conversion efficiency.


A method to apply the RBF to the optical encoder system for error correction and compensation. For Radial Basis Function(RBF)network modelling, random error contained in the experimental data can cause the over-fitting phenomena and then influenced the model's precision. Two strategies for pretreatment to original data were introduced to cope with the defect, that were data's moving average and outlier data's diagnosis and deletion. The results show that models set up with pretreated data have better performance and the precision of the system improved further then before. The effectiveness is proved for all of these methods.


Emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion are reducing the ratio 13C/12C, δ13C, in atmospheric CO2 and in the carbon in the ocean and terrestrial biosphere that exchanges with the atmosphere on timescales of decades to centuries. Future changes to fossil fuel emissions vary across different scenarios and may cause decreases of more than 6% in atmospheric δ13CO2 between 1850 and 2100. The effects of these potential changes on the three‐dimensional distribution of δ13C in the ocean have not yet been investigated. Here, we use an ocean biogeochemical‐circulation model forced with a range of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP)‐based scenarios to simulate δ13C in ocean dissolved inorganic carbon from 1850 to 2100. In the future, vertical and horizontal δ13C gradients characteristic of the biological pump are reduced or reversed, relative to the preindustrial period, with the reversal occurring in higher emission scenarios. For the highest emission scenario, SSP5‐8.5, surface δ13C in the center of Pacific subtropical gyres falls from 2.2% in 1850 to −3.5% by 2100. In lower emission scenarios, δ13C in the surface ocean decreases but then rebounds. The relationship between anthropogenic carbon (Cant) and δ13C in the ocean shows a larger scatter in all scenarios, suggesting that uncertainties in δ13C‐based estimates of Cant may increase in the future. These simulations were run with fixed physical forcing and ocean circulation, providing a baseline of predicted δ13C. Further work is needed to investigate the impact of climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks on ocean δ13C changes.


This paper presents a distributed optimization method to solve the optimal reactive power flow(ORPF) problem for multi-area interconnected power grid. A simplified external network equivalence method is used to implement the regional ORPF calculation of each sub-grid, and the inter-area coupling constraint is transformed into equality constraints of boundary bus as injection power modified equation afterwards. Therefore, the distributed solution of multi-area ORPF problem can be realized through the update and transfer process of equivalent injection power and its corresponding boundary bus voltage vector. The proposed method omits the tedious process of network equivalence and reduces the burden of coordination layer, which accord with the local feature of reactive power optimization and control properly. The numerical simulation results of several IEEE cases show that the proposed method is effective and suitable for online application.


This report presents updated estimates of life expectancy based on provisional mortality data for the full year, January through December 2020.


Two years earlier, unenhanced CT (Fig. 1) obtained for similar complaints disclosed the unsuspected presence of left-sided ureterocele with dilated ipsilateral pelvic ureter; urolithiasis, pelvicalyceal dilatation and signs of acute renal colic were absent. Unfortunately, this finding mentioned in the CT report had not received any treatment. Currently, ultrasound (not shown) confirmed the known ureterocele. Urine cultures tested positive for E. coli and Klebsiella infection. CT-urography (Figs. 2, 3) confirmed the orthotopic ureterocele with unchanged size, morphology and thin uniform walls compared to previous CT study, and the characteristic "cobra head" appearance on excretoryphase acquisition. The ipsilateral pelvic ureter showed stable dilatation, and development of lithiasis consisting of several tiny, closely grouped calcific calculi. A blind-ending accessory ureter was noted. The kidneys showed normal size, parenchymal thickness and enhancement, non-dilated single collecting systems. Cystoscopy (Fig. 4) confirmed the orthotopic ureterocele bulging into the bladder lumen, without signs of inflammation. Endoscopic meatotomy and lithotripsy were planned. Discussion:


An approach which is based on the use of artificial neural networks and finite element analysis is used to solve the inverse problem of system identification. The approach is used on a test problem to identify location, material and values of unknown sources within an inaccessible region. A comparison of actual and predicted values of the unknown parameters demonstrates the validity of this approach.<<ETX>>


To improve the accuracy of the radar-estimated rainfall, we observe and analyze the vertical profile of the rain drop size distribution (DSD), then create a new formulation of vertical profile of DSD related to rainfall type and build up an algorithm for estimating ground rainfall using radar. Observation of the vertical profile of DSD is carried out by a vertical pointing VHF Doppler radar named the MU (Middle and Upper) Radar, which can detect vertical profiles of Doppler spectrum that composed of bothrain drop itself and air movements.


The US Army Missile Command is conducting a program to develop and demonstrate a simple, low cost machine vision system capable of allowing an unmanned ground vehicle to perform autonomous road following and obstacle avoidance while using a minimum sensor suite. Current work is focused on developing this vision system to perform its function using color and monochrome TV imagery. The first phase of the program has involved the development and application of color and monochrome image processing techniques to the task of discriminating a road from the surrounding environment. With the road defined, a guidance vector is determined for vehicle steering.<<ETX>>


The invention discloses a high-performance foaming agent for lightweight thermal insulation material, comprising the following components by weight: 5-10 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3-6 parts of N, N'-dilauroyl-ethylenediamine-sodium diacetate, 1-5 parts of sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1-3 parts of dodecyldimethylamine oxide, 2-4 parts of triethanolamine, 0.5-1.5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-2 parts of diethylene glycol diethyl ether, 1-2 parts of bone glue, 1-2 parts of modified chitosan and 80-100 parts of water. According to the invention, modification of chitosan reduces surface tension of liquid film and increases interfacial viscosity of the liquid film, so as to gain high foam ability, and improve half-life period and stability of the foam. The foaming agent produced by the invention has excellent foaming capacity and foaming stability; and the produced foam has surface adsorption film with high strength and good temperature adaptability and dispersion uniformity, and is low-cost and easy for usage.


By using a linear scalarization method, we establish sufficient conditions for the Holder continuity of the solution mappings to a parametric generalized vector quasiequilibrium problem with set-valued mappings. These results extend the recent ones in the recent literature, (e.g., Li et al. (2009), Li et al. (2011)). Furthermore, two examples are given to illustrate the obtained result.


Background: Mission hospitals in low-resource regions of the world face significant challenges in providing high-quality, accessible care to patients. External funding is limited and can fluctuate significantly from year to year. Additionally, attracting and retaining well-qualified healthcare professionals for more than short stints can seem almost impossible. Located in a remote region in Northeast India, the Makunda Christian Leprosy & General Hospital has developed a model over the past 25 years that has enabled it to sustainably expand access to high-quality care for the region's poor, which we evaluate in this paper. Methods: We combine an external assessment by a research team at the Wharton School of Business with internal insights from two leaders at Makunda Hospital to evaluate the Makunda Model. The external assessment included 31 in-depth, on-site interviews of patients, employees, and competitor hospital administrators; physical observation of Makunda's facilities and operational practices; and an analysis of years of financial documents and hospital statistics. Results: We studied the impact of the Makunda Model on volumes, efficiency, quality, and community impact. In 2018-19, Makunda Hospital provided 109,549 outpatient visits, 14,731 hospital admissions, 6,588 surgeries (2550 major), and 5,871 baby deliveries in a 162-bed facility with a bed occupancy rate of 88%. The hospital operates with an annual budget of $2.7M ($1 = INR 75.70) and receives only 2.5% of its operating revenue from external sources. The hospital has developed a strong reputation in the community and beyond for providing excellent maternal care and catering to the poor. Discussion: The hospital's business model revolves around two key business strategies: (a) poor-centric strategies and (b) thoughtful cost management. Innovative poorcentric strategies include "ability-to-pay"-based pricing, equal services for all (in contrast to a freemium model), hyper-tailored charity (using the "shared meals" and "vital assets" tests), and community engagement. Thoughtful cost management is accomplished by "revised gold standard" treatment protocols and recruitment and retention of an efficient workforce. 38 Flint, Ismavel, Miriam June 2020. Christian Journal for Global Health 7(2) Conclusion: We conclude that Makunda Hospital's unique combination of poor-centric strategies and thoughtful cost management have enabled it to achieve the volumes necessary to sustainably improve access to care for the poor in Northeast India.


The main objective of a brain-computer interface (BCI) is to create alternative communication channels between the brain and a machine using information from cerebral responses. Among the possible paradigms to design a BCI system, this work focuses on Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP). SSVEP are brain responses synchronized with fast repetitive external visual stimuli. The SSVEP-BCI system is able to meet many of the requirements of a strict BCI, but still needs to reduce the influence of noise on the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal in order to improve its performance. In this paper, a novel SSVEP-BCI system is presented and analyzed in detail. The system is based on three pillars: spectrum estimation, systematic feature selection - for which different heuristics were proposed here -, and linear classification.


Objective:To study the efficiency of homemade covered expandable metallic stent in the treatmnet of esophageal fistula.Methods:A total of 57 patients with various types of esophageal fistula due to esophageal carcinoma or crooh disease were treated with homenade covered expandable metallic stent.Results:Stent placement was technically successful and the fistulas were colsed in all patients,with no immediate procedural complication.The long-term clinical results were satisfactory and the patients could swallow without difficult.Conclusion:The treatment of esophageal fistula with homemade expandable metallic stents is safe,good in effect and has less complication.


Direct torque control (DTC) is a method to control machine with utilizing torque and flux of motor controlled. The torque and current ripples are occurred in the conventional DTC. Reason of undesired torque and current ripples is low number of voltage vectors applied to the motor controlled by the conventional DTC technique. Base on the analysis of basic DTC of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a modified DTC based on flux error vector algorithm (FEVA-DTC) is proposed to reduce torque and flux ripples in this study. Simulation results from the conventional and FEVA-DTC are presented and compared. Result shows that the torque and flux ripples are decreased with the FEVA-DTC.


The sodium-based aqueous energy storage devices possess the advantages of low cost, high safety and wide application. However, the low energy density of traditional carbon-based sodium storage mate...


This chapter examines how the important epistolary conventions used to support the composite nature of Philippians are often misidentified or identified in restricted ways when other identifications are equally possible or more probable. These misidentifications and restricted identifications are perpetuated in the literature and need to be reexamined. The epistolary conventions found at what have been identified as the seams between the fragments of the three letters used to create the current form of Philippians have been the focus of the unity-disunity debate. The chapter relies mainly upon the work of scholars who have carefully analyzed Philippians according to epistolary conventions and the papyri. It shows that when the epistolary conventions usually noted to support the composite nature of Philippians are more carefully analyzed they are better interpreted as transitions within one letter and support the unity of Philippians. Keywords: epistolary conventions; papyri; Pauline letter; Philippians


Economic globalization has dual influence over the political stability in China. During the active involvement in globalization, China pushes forward socialist modernization, relaxes principal contradictions in its society, optimizes all-round structures with deep reforming and strengthens its national power by using later-coming advantages and expanding opening-up programs; thus, these make a positive impact on political stability in China. Meanwhile, with great participation in the globalization process, China meets more factors unfavorable to stability in economy, politics, culture and ideology, which must be focused. Therefore, the paper proposes a strategic measure to keep politics stable, i.e. we should establish a dynamic outlook of political stability to control the overall situation among reform, development and stability, pursue an active and prudent reform for political system, propel political and democratic progress, and further develop socialist culture and ethics, etc.


Face recognition is a biometric-based technology that mathematically maps a particular person's or individual's facial features and stores all that data as a face print. By using this technique, the information on the face of a person is saved mathematically or in the format of graphs in the database, which is used for detecting that particular face.The face recognition model in our system will find a match of that person in the database. If a match is found, it will be notified to the police and the guardian of that person. In this paper, we will use the ideas of the AWS facial recognition algorithm which is based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and will detect faces with the maximum accuracy to find the missing person.


A valve for regulating fluid flow includes a housing base defining a lower cavity and comprising a pinch structure within the lower cavity, a gas inlet providing external access to the lower cavity, a base fluid inlet, and a base fluid outlet. A housing cover defines an upper cavity and comprises a cover fluid inlet and a cover fluid outlet. The cover fluid inlet is in fluidic communication with the base fluid outlet between the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the cover fluid outlet provides external access from the upper cavity. A diaphragm is disposed between the housing base and the housing cover. A pinch plate is disposed in the lower cavity and comprises a pinch point disposed opposite the pinch structure. A pinch tube is in fluidic communication between the base fluid inlet and the base fluid outlet in the lower cavity.


This project explores the extension of previously discovered Fe-based catalysts with unprecedented Fischer-Tropsch synthesis rate, selectivity, and ability to convert hydrogen-poor synthesis gas streams typical of those produced from coal and biomass sources. Contract negotiations between the U.S. Department of Energy and the University of California were completed on December 9, 2004. During this first reporting period, we have modified and certified a previously decommissioned microreactor, ordered and installed a budgeted gas chromatograph, developed and reviewed safe operating procedures and data analysis methods, and reproduced successfully previous synthetic protocols and catalytic performance of catalytic materials based on Fe-Zn-Cu-K oxide precursors synthesized using precipitation methods, drying using surface-active agents, and activated in synthesis gas within Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tubular reactors.


Objective: To determine if weight <3rd and <10th centile at 2 years in extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants is associated with problems of development and motor skills, and whether this association is explained by perinatal risk status.


Research observations by L. SECHREST in the Philippines have been reported in a previous issue of this Review (Transcultural Psychiatric Research IV (April I967), I8-25). Further studies by this investigator in the same cultural area concerned themselves with the concepts and management of mental disorder in a number of negro communities and with the relevance of sibling rank to psychopathology in Filipino patients. B. G. BURTON-BRADLEY reports from Papua and New Guinea on the practice of betel-nut chewing which is ultimately wrapped up with the social life and customs of the indigenes. A description is given of the association of betel-nut chewing with social functions and of its pathological effects. There are three fairly well defined syndromes associated with betel-nut chewing—habitation, addiction, and psychosis. R. I. LEVY discusses the reasons for the decline of alcoholism in the Society Islands of French Polynesia. In a previous issue of this Review (Transcultural Psychiatric ResearchIII (October I966), I03-I6) R. SALISBURY reviewed the literature on Possession on the New Guinea Highlands (with special reference to studies carried out by L. L. LANGNESS) and reported observations of his own among the Siane in New Guinea. The views expressed by SALISBURY gave rise to a discussion between L. L. LANGNESS and himself. This discussion is presented.


Tungsten in form of a macrobrush structure is one of candidate materials for ITER divertor. In the tokamak ITER even for moderate and weak ELMs with a rather weak evaporation rate, when the vaporized material does not protect the armour surface from the impacting plasma, the main mechanisms of metallic armour damage is surface melting and melt motion erosion caused by direct action of dumped plasma which moves with the velocities of 10 – 10 m/s along the target surface. In case of strong transient events such as the Type I ELMs and the disruptions the heat loads of GW/m range result in melting and a violent evaporation at the surface of metallic divertor armour. Due to formation of an ionized vapor shield the exposed target is essentially protected from the main heat load, and the evaporation is mainly caused by the radiation from the plasma shield. Due to finite width of the shielding layer, an inhomogeneous distribution of plasma pressure along the target surface forms. The pressure gradient generates a rather intense plasma motion along the surface [1] with plasma velocities of 10 – 10 m/s. Earlier the melt motion erosion at the surface of bulk and W-macrobrush brush tungsten armour caused by single and multiple transient events (TE) was numerically investigated using the code MEMOS [2-4] without accounting the droplet formation and melt splashing under the high heat loads. However, formation of droplets and the splashing of melt layer anticipated during ITER ELMs and disruption thermal quench phase may be substantial for the erosion of W armour. Under typical ITER TE the droplet formation may be caused by rapid growth and further breakaway of liquid at the peaks of the waves generated at the liquid – incident plasma interface (in case of weak ELMs), or the liquid-plasma shield interface (in case of essential evaporation during intense TE), or at the interface between moving melt layer and background solid surface. Depending on the intensity of TE, different mechanisms may be responsible for those perturbations. In the case of weak ELMs the direct action of the plasma stream impacting on the target surface under a rather low angle of 2-5 degree produces the perturbation of Kelvin-Helmholtz type (KH) at the liquidplasma interface. In the case of strong TE with developed plasma shield, small initial perturbations of the surface heat loads together with a rather rapid vapor flow along the target surface are responsible for the liquid-vapor interface perturbations of different types, like the instabilities by Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor, and the capillary wave instabilities. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability may also generate the perturbations growing in the melt layer at the macrobrush edges which may lead to the formation of the bridges between the brushes. Droplet splashing of thin liquid films was investigated mainly for three cases: a gas-liquid flow in channels (annular flow) [5], droplet formation under intense laser heat loads and laser welding (for instance [6,7]), and the impact of either droplets or liquid spray on the solid walls [8,9]. The case of annular flow is the most investigated case, the experimental data on droplet formation, their size distribution and droplet velocities in annular gasliquid flows and several models of droplet formation are reviewed in [5]. The most developed model is based on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism. In case of the droplet impact at the solid surface the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability plays a major role which can be also relevant to the melt layer splashing occurring during the melt motion caused by the plasma stream. In this study two most important mechanisms of melt splashing and melt bridge formation under ITER TE heat loads are analyzed, namely the growth of the bridges between neighbor brushes and droplet splashing at the brush edges due to the RT instability, the growth of surface waves due to the KH instability caused by the impacting plasma stream, and a simplified phenomenological model for practical estimations of mass loss rate due to the droplet formation. The conditions of intense droplet formation in the QSPA experiments [10], in typical ITER weak ELMs, and ITER Type I ELMs (giant ELMs) are analyzed. It is assumed that the droplets are formed due to the breakaway of liquid at the peaks of unstable waves. An approximate criterion for the droplet ejection is applied based on comparison of surface energy of a droplet with the kinetic energy of the surface layer element of the velocity equal to that in unstable wave [6]. The critical radius of the brush edges rounding is determined which prevents the growth of the RT instability and bridge formation at the macrobrush edges.


We consider nonautonomous quasilinear parabolic equations satisfying certain symmetry conditions. We prove that each positive bounded solution u on ℝ N × (−∞, T) decaying to zero at spatial infinity uniformly with respect to time is radially symmetric around some origin in ℝ N . The origin depends on the solution but is independent of time. We also consider the linearized equation along u and prove that each bounded (positive or not) solution is a linear combination of a radially symmetric solution and (nonsymmetric) spatial derivatives of u. Theorems on reflectional symmetry are also given.


quite strong before this attack, but had fallen away very rapidly in flesh since. He never had any syphilitic affection. He had had ilo treatment previous to admission, except the application one evening of a rnustard poultice to his throat. On admission, he experienced difficulty in breathing and pain in swallowing. He had loss of voice. He had a copious expectoration of muco-purulent matter tinged with blood. A firm swelling existed on the left side of the neck, which appeared to be pressing upon the larynx. There was nothing to be seen on looking into the throat except a slight increased redness, and a little ulceration at the back of the pharynx. He was ordered a blister and a gargle of alum. September 10th. He was not much better. The throat was directed to be touched with the sponge dipped in a solution of nitrate of silver. September 14th. Another blister was ordered to be applied to the throat. Septemilber 15th. He expressed himself as rather easier since the second blister. He was ordered to have ten grains of Dover's powder at bed-time. September 17th. His breathing was much worse to-day; and, after holding a consultation, it was aareed that tracheotomy was his best chance of relief. It was accordingly performed, and his breathing soon became very much easier, and swallowinig less painful. September 18th. He slept comafortably during the night. He had for nourishment, milk, arrowroot, eggs, and beef-tea. September 24th. He was ordered to have fifteen minims of dilute niitro-muriatic acid in water three times a day. October 9th. The tumour was increasing rapidly, and appeared as if it contained fluid. He breathed comfortably, but always through the tube. October 26th. He was getting very weak. The tumour continued to increase, pushing the trachea forwards, and to the riaht side. October 28th. He died this afternoon, having used the tube for six weeks all but a day. POST MORTE3r EXAMINATION showed well marked malignant disease, which appeared to have commenced in the lymphatic glands of the neck. The swelling consisted of a number of cysts filled with yellowish fluid. Under the microscope were seen numerous cells, corresponding in appearance to that denominated the cancer-cell. Both the trachea and wsophagus, more particularly the latter, were the seats of extensive ulceration. REMARKS. We have in this case unmistakable evidence of tracheotomy not only having relieved severe symptoms, but prolonged life. The patient survived for six weeks all but a day after the operation; and had his breathing not been relieved at the time it was, he could not have existed many hours. The performance of tracheotomy for the relief of aneurism and tumours generally, has often been a disputed point; and those who oppose it, do so on the ground that as it can do no permanent good, it is only inflicting unnecessary pain upon the patient, and tending to bring the operation of tracheotomy into disrepute. It is the duty of every medical man to do his utmost to relieve and prolong life, if he cannot cure the disease. The operatiorn of tracheotomy is a slighlt one; and if, in cases of aneurism or tumours pressing upoll the trachea, we can relieve the urgent symptoms, the patient ought surely to have the benefit of it. Contrary to brin,ging discredit upon surgery, it is placing it above medicine. The physician, having done his utmost, calls in the aid of the surgeon to prolong the patient's life.


In this work we present a model for the analysis of the convection at a vertical flat plate embedded in a saturated porous medium, where the temperature of the plate is defined by an imposed temperature. The computational aspects are presented in the context of a lumped-parameter model for the flow. The nonlinearities generated by the temperature variation are included in our study. The governing equations of the phenomenon that are partial derivative equations are transformed in ordinary differential equations by using the similarity method. Similarity solutions can be obtained by solving the simplified models based on Prandtl boundary layer equations.


Abstract Five pathways involving different ring structures led to generation of fourteen thienylbenzamides (7–20) which display the structure-activity relationships of class I HDAC inhibitors. All the synthesised compounds inhibit HDAC1 and HDAC2 selectively over other isoforms and many inhibit DLD1 and HCT116 cells more effectively than a parent compound. Compounds 8 and 16 inhibit HCT116 cells by activation of the apoptosis pathway. Graphical Abstract


In contrast to diradicals connected by alternant hydrocarbons, only a few studies have addressed diradicals connected by nonalternant hydrocarbons and their heteroatom derivatives. Here, the synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of pyrrole-2,5-diyl–linked bis(nitronyl nitroxide) and bis(iminonitroxide) diradicals are described. The diradicals show characteristic electron spin resonance spectra in dilute glassy solutions, from which conclusions about the presence of distinct conformations, their symmetry, and interspin distance were made. X-ray diffraction analysis of the diradicals revealed that paramagnetic moieties lie in the plane of the pyrrole ring, because of the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond, ONO…H−N, with O…H distances of 2.15–2.23 Å. The N–O groups participating in the formation of H-bonds have greater bond lengths (~1.29 Å) as compared with nonparticipating groups (~1.27 Å). The nitronyl nitroxide and iminonitroxide diradicals showed an intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction, with J = −77.3 and −22.2 cm−1, respectively (H = −2JS1⋅S2).


The dynamics leading from intention to start‐up remain poorly understood. Drawing on the mindset theory of action phases, our empirical study identifies a motivational and a volitional phase in the pre‐start‐up stage. Only during the motivational phase does entrepreneurial intention help identify future starters. Once individuals have crossed the so‐called entrepreneurial Rubicon, it no longer matters. We also show that, through this process, the support needs expressed by individuals evolve to become implementation‐driven. To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply the mindset theory of action phases to nascent entrepreneurship. We discuss key implications for researchers and practitioners.


Context: There is a need to find the optimal postoperative duration and the choice of starting antibiotics for cases who presumed infected or at the time of second stage exchange arthroplasty in two-stage revision of infected cases. Evidence Acquisition: Delegates in workgroup 3 of the consensus meeting on PJI reviewed English literature for relevant articles. Sixtytwo of 221 articles were relevant to the 5 following questions regarding perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent periprosthetic joint infection. Results: Postoperative antibiotics should not be administered for greater than 24 hours after surgery. In a patient with a presumed infection when culture results are pending, empiric antibiotic coverage should depend on the local microbiological epidemiology. Culture data should assist in the tailoring of antibiotic regimens. The appropriate preoperative antibiotic for the second stage should include coverage of the prior organism (s). Cemented arthroplasty components should be inserted with antibiotic-laden bone cement (strong consensus). Conclusions: Recommendations for choice, duration of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in hip and knee arthroplasty were provided based on evidences in the literature and consensus of expert delegates from consensus meeting.


difference being the degree of severity-is put down as a subungual hyperkeratosis, a disturbance of the nail-bed (Swaniker, 1948). Various exciting causes have been blamed, from severe trauma-" Ostler's toes," or more chronic injury due to too short shoes-to peripheral neuritis, syphilis, tabes, leprosy, ichthyosis, hemiplegia, and heart disease with peripheral stasis. Even heredity has been blamed, especially in conjunction with dental deformities and hypertrichosis. In other cases no apparent cause except neglect, dirt, and senility has been found. The condition is rare before middle age. When the condition is severe, treatment is mechanical removal of the deformed nails, though often they grow again in the same deformed manner, and the nail-bed may have to be excised. The provision of properly fitting shoes, cleanliness, and regular chiropody help to control the condition. In the present case, the patient's age and his ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis would account for the neglect, as he was unable to stoop sufficiently to attend to his toenails.


The basis of fire protection of production, retail, warehouse, and other facilities are automatic fire extinguishing installations, internal fire fighting mains, and water curtains, which are an integral part of the water supply system. When designing such systems one shall perform the hydraulic analysis, the results of which allow selecting the required equipment mix, estimating performance of systems under different modes, and so on. The hydraulic analysis is usually performed either manually/with partial automation or using algorithms that implement numerical simulation methods. The latter requires readily available programs that greatly simplify making up the system of equations by forming an analytical model from the nodes and connecting branches. The software products currently available on the domestic market are either fail to deliver the expected benefits or have high cost and require user training. We present the conceptual and mathematical statement of the flow distribution problem with non-fixed nodal flows for an arbitrary pipeline system, including fire-fighting one, and the corresponding modification of the nodal pressure method that factors in the dependence of the flow through the nozzles (sprinkler, drencher) on the pressure (head) upstream. This and other problems lend themselves to solving with the help of the "ISIGR" online application package.


Dendrogram for clustering retail items is a tool used in customer relationship management (CRM) for implementing homogeneous schemes for all the items in one cluster. In agglomerative hierarchical clustering, dendrograms are developed based on the concept of 'distance' between the entities or, groups of entities. These entities may be the customers, retail items, business units etc. as per the business problem. The present paper focuses on agglomerative hierarchical clustering of retail items based on the concept of 'similarity' of the items which is regarded as the inverse of 'distance' (or 'dissimilarity'). Similarity is measured based on the strength of association rule/s containing the candidate items to be merged. An algorithm has been proposed for developing dendrogram and it has been explained with an example in retail sale. The algorithm overcomes the negative impact of negative association between the items on the quality of clustering.


By developing a nonperturbative quantum-field scattering theory, we treat the Kapitza-Dirac(K-D) diffraction effect observed by Batelaan et al. our theory shows that in the case of strictly antiparallel (non-focusing) standing-wave laser light, K-D effect occurs only when the incident angle and outgoing angle of the electron beam subject to the Bragg's law. Our theory also shows that with a focusing standing-wave laser light, a perpendicularly injected electron beam can produce the diffraction pattern. With increasing laser intensity,the envelope of the diffraction pattern shows a crescent line shape which indicates the middle case passing to the angular splitting observed by Bucsbaum et al. from patterns observed by Batatelaan et al.


The problem in this study was whether there are influence of trade financing, profit loss sharing, and ratio of non-performing financing to the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia. This study aimed to whether the sale and purchase financing, financing for the results, and the ratio of non-performing financing and simultaneous partial effect on the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia.
 The population in this study are all Islamic banks in Indonesia.from 1o Islamic banks in Indonesia selected 3 Islamic banks using purposive sampling. The data used in this study are monthly financial report which has been published in www.bi.go.id. Data analysis technique used is multiple regression with SPSS 19. In fulfillment of his classic assumption in this study using data transformations to be normally distributed.
 The results of this test indicate that the variable purchase financing, financing for the results and the ratio of non-performing financing simultaneously affect the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia. However,partial trade financing only variable and ratio non performing financing which affect the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia, while results profit loss sharing financing for partial do not affect the profitability of Islamic banks.

 The conclusion of this study is financing the sale and purchase, financing and profit sharing ratio of non-performing financing simultaneously affect the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia.


The lyrics interviews to do the right thing - Lou Reed interview Vaclav Havel a scream looking for a mouth - Lou Reed interviews Hubert Selby the bells.


The potential of greasy wool colour subjective assessment Visual Colour Score (VCS) and the yellow predictive test (YPC) as indirect selection criteria for reduction of clean wool colour (CWC) in Corriedale sheep was examined. The heritability of these wool colour traits and the wool production traits, greasy (GFW) and clean fleece weights (CFW), and mean fibre diameter (MFD) and the phenotypic and genetic correlations among these traits were estimated from a Corriedale flock using AIREML procedures. A high genetic correlation between YPC and CWC was observed, indicating that YPC could be a suitable indirect selection criterium for CWC. However, direct selection against CWC was predicted to produce faster genetic improvements in CWC than that expected under indirect selection via YPC. Single trait selection based on VCS or YPC were expected to reduce the response in CWC to 51% and 49% of that estimated for direct selection. The positive genetic correlations of CWC, YPC and VCS with CFW and MFD would cause a reduction in both MFD and CFW to result from selection that reduces wool colour. The results showed that the most effective way to genetically improve CWC was through indirect selection to reduce MFD, CFW or GFW, followed by direct selection, but the premiums for CWC in the Corriedale breed may not be sufficient to justify the expected losses in CFW.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the base temperature of escarole and to apply in the phenological analysis of crop during four growing periods. The study was carried out with escarole (Chicorium endivia) 'Escarola Lisa' cultivar, at the Federal University of Santa Maria, campus Frederico Westphalen-RS. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with four sowing periods (P1: 2/15/2015; P2: 04/29/2015, P3: 07/22/2015, P4: 10/16/2015) and 10 replicates, each replicate being one plant. The evaluations consisted of counting the number of leaves, performed three times a week after transplanting date until the harvesting point. To determine the base temperature, the following methods were used: standard deviation in degree-days (SDgd), standard deviation in days (SDd), coefficient of variation in degree-days (CVgd), coefficient of variation in days (CVd), regression coefficient (RC) and X-intercept. The base temperature for emission of two successive leaves in the escarole is 4.7°C, obtained by values of 4.0 and 5.5°C, observed in the SDgd and RC methods. For two leaves emission, the temperature between 16.6 and 27.8°C day leaf-1 is necessary.


Triacylglycerols (TAG) in viper bugloss oil were isolated from raw pressed oil by silicic acid column chromatography. The obtained blend of TAG was separated by silver ion thin-layer chromatography (TLC Ag + ) into nine fractions, varying in terms of unsaturation level and molecular polarity. The composition of TAG in viper bugloss oil was determined by HPLC coupled with a diode-array detector and an evaporative light-scattering detector. The results showed that the first three fractions were combinations of TAG containing palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Fractions 4 and 6 contained TAG of a similar acid composition as above, but with the addition of γ-linolenic acid. The remaining fractions (7-9) were the most varied in acid composition. They were found to contain 26-39% palmitic acid, 12-15% oleic acid, 13-41% linoleic acid 8-24% γ-linolenic acid, 1.5-5.5% α-linolenic acid and 1-5% stearidonic acid. The analysis of fatty acid allocation in TAG of viper bugloss lipids revealed that linoleic acid (ranging from 2 to 100%) was the only acid found in all isolated fractions. In the investigated oil, the predominant TAG included: LnLnG (11.38%), LnLnSt (11.17%), LnGSt (7.71%), LnStSt (6.19%) and LnLnLn (5.44%). Almost 86% of the TAG contained α-linolenic acid, while γ-linolenic and stearidonic acids amounted to 49 and 38%, respectively.


Abstract Volcanic ash can cause physical damage to an aircraft to the point of mechanical and electrical malfunction. In the event of an ash plume, aircraft would likely be diverted or grounded, leading to economic losses. This article presents two indices to compare the economic vulnerability of flight paths to volcanic ash plumes. The first index includes three factors for a flight path: wind direction, distance to the volcano, and flight-path attributes (i.e., number of flights per day, number of potential passengers, and average ticket cost). The second index compares the threat posed by different volcanoes to an airline flight-path network. A case study is presented for two airlines in the northwest United States to a Mt. Adams eruption. The results show that although the first airline has more flight paths in the region, the second airline is slightly more vulnerable due to the spatial relationships of its flight paths to the volcano and their attributes.


Based on the Evolvable Hardware(EHW) technique,a bio-inspired fault-tolerance system is design and constructed,and the evolvable repairing ability is researched under the different fault modes and quantities.This paper obtains some relations between the faults and the evolvable repairing ability through analyzing the measured data.And there are two most valuable results:(1)With the increase of the quantity of faults,the main influence factors of the evolvable repairing ability are shift from the efficiency of evolution strategy to the probability of the fault avoided;(2)The evolvable repairing ability and the fault quantity are in accord with the exponential decay law.