The establish solid phase extraction-HPLC method for the determination of carbamate residues in aquatic products.The residue was extracted with acetone / dichloromethane,amino solid phase extraction column purification,and analysis of the samples in accordance with five kinds of urethane particular wavelength of maximum absorption was measured by using a variable wavelength.The results showed that,compared with conventional liquid chromatography-UV detection method,this method had a better purification effect and the method recoveries were 62.40% to 90.25%;By reducing the minimum detection limit,aldicarb,metolcarb,carbofuran,carbaryl,isoprocarb detection limits were 1.47,1.15,0.74,2.56,3.25 μg/kg,respectively;It is suitable for aquatic carbamate class Determination,and has good the laboratory application prospects.


We study a reconstruction algorithm for the general inverse scattering problem based on the estimate of not only medium properties, as in more conventional approaches, but also wavefields propagating inside the computational domain. This extended set of unknowns is justified as a way to prevent local minimum stagnation, which is a common issue for standard methods. At each iteration of the algorithm, (i) the model parameters are obtained by solution of a convex problem, formulated from a special bilinear relationship of the data with respect to properties and wavefields (where the wavefield is kept fixed), and (ii) a better estimate of the wavefield is calculated, based on the previously reconstructed properties. The resulting scheme is computationally convenient since step (i) can greatly benefit from parallelization and the wavefield update (ii) requires modeling only in the known background model, which can be sped up considerably by factorization-based direct methods. The inversion method is successfully tested on synthetic elastic datasets.


Aim\ To amplify the gene of 26-Kilodalton glutathione S-transferases of Schistosoma japonicum and construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression vector.Methods\ One pair of primers was designed according to the sequence of GST.The gene fragment of Sj26GST was obtained by RT-PCR,then it was cloned into a vector pcDNA3.It was corroborated through restriction enzymes cleaving,PCR and sequencing.Results\ GST-pcDNA3 recombinant clone was constructed successfully.Conclusions\ Sj26GST is a promising candidate of vaccine for Schistosoma japonicum.GSTrecombinant clone was achieved in the experiment.It is prepared for further study for DNA vaccine. \ \


The relationship between the executive compensation and the performance of the corporation is difficult to be answered by a linear relation.Trust-agent theory,signal theory,incentive theory and contract theory have many conjectures and premises,however,the empirical research conclusion by using the data of listed companies depends on data examples,calculating method and variables of corporate pay and performance,thus,whether empirical conclusion or theoretical models have no certainty on the relation between corporate performance and CEO pay.Research into China's CEO incentive should add economic institution,law and humanistic environment to incentive models.


Optical implementations of quantum communication protocols typically involve laser fields. But the standard description of the quantum state of a laser field is, surprisingly, insufficient to fully understand the quantum nature of such implementations. We give here a quantum information-theoretic description of a propagating laser field and reinterpret typical quantum-optical experiments in light of this. In particular we show that contrary to recent claims [T. Rudolph and B. C. Sanders, quant-ph/0103147], a conventional laser can be used for quantum teleportation with continuous variables and for generating continuous-variable entanglement.


The present invention discloses a branched hydrophobic associating polymer displacing agent and its preparation method, the polymer flooding by copolymerizing acrylamide, sodium acrylate, a hydrophobic monomer, and from functionalized backbone monomer, the hydrophobic allyl monomers of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, the functionalized backbone monomer is a polyamide substituting 2 - amine dendrimer backbone monomer with maleic anhydride or acrylic anhydride in diethyl to form a reaction solution sulfoxide. The present invention utilizes a polyamide - branched amine dendrimer skeleton, enhanced intermolecular interactions and reduces chain flexibility of the molecule, and rely on molecular chain association of hydrophobic groups in an aqueous solution, to improve the low molecular weight polymer solution of thickening ability, their preparation principle reliable, simple, synthetic polymers still having a good thickening ability at a high temperature, high salinity and strong shearing action, with broad market prospect.


The monomeric phosphanylgallanes R2GaPR'R (R = tmp, Mes; R' = H, tBu; R' Mes, tBu), the diphosphanylgallane mesGa(PtBu2)2, and diphosphandiylbisgallane [tmp2GaP-(tBu)]2, have been synthesized from alkali metal phosphides and substituted gallium chlorides. Low-temperature NMR studies of the phosphanylgallanes reveal no barrier to rotation about the gallium-phosphorus bond. Analysis of the crystal structures of tmp2GaPtBu2 confirms the monomeric nature of these molecules. The gallium-phosphorus bond lengths are found to be 237.5, 233.5, 235.4 pm (averaged), and 242.3 pm, respectively, with all phosphorus atoms being pyramidally coordinated.


Most accounts of Juri Lotman's legacy note his interest in information theory and cybernetics which is closely tied to his desire to use exact methods in the humanities. However, this connection itself has hardly been studied. This article focuses on a pair of terms with cybernetic origins found throughout Lotman's works : "mechanism" and "ustrojstvo". I try to show that these terms and the way they are used are not accidental but belong to an important strand in Lotman's thought. An overview is presented of Lotman's direct contacts with cybernetics and cyberneticians, and how the terms "ustrojstvo" and "mechanism" found their way into his metalanguage. The main focus is on exploring how Lotman understands this pair of terms. Translation problems related to them are also discussed.


Soybeans and Power: Genetically Modified Crops, Environmental Politics, and Social Movements in Argentina , by Pablo Lapegna, Oxford University Press, 2016.


Thiolato-bridged dibromo- and diiododiruthenium complexes [{Cp*RuX(μ-SR)}2] (X = Br, I; R = Me, iPr) have been prepared and characterized by X-ray analysis. Examination of their catalytic activity in propargylic substitution reactions of 1-phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol with some nucleophiles has revealed that the complexes [{Cp*RuX(μ-SiPr)}2] (X = Br, I) work as catalysts but less effectively in comparison with the well-investigated dichloride analogue [{Cp*RuCl(μ-SiPr)}2].


A 1990 national sample survey shows that the Chinese population was concerned with issues relating to reform, economic and social grievances, and democracy. Although neither political issues nor social cleavages were the same as in the West, the same dynamics affected the process of ideological alignment. Social position and cognitive sophistication help explain why members of the population hold liberal or conservative attitudes.


In this paper, we discuss two types of vibrators, that connected by a single screw and that by a strain shell, respectively. The thick-end lengths of stepped horns are varied to find out their influence on the thin-end length, the gain of displacement amplitude, and the variation of displacement amplitude at the thin end. Optimized thick-end length are then selected out. For the vibrator connected by strain shell, the displacement amplitude of the thin end and the relationships among resonant frequencies and diameter of both the thick end and the thin end are determined. The relation between the thin-end length and resonant frequencies is also studied. The method for designing improved vibrators is given.


This thesis was trying to analyze the time,area and factors when the players lose possession of the soccer by analyzing videos,focusing on the 28 balls fumbled by Asian teams in the World Cup Football Final in South Africa.The result showed that the last 15 minutes of the game is the essential time when players lose possession of the ball,the second central region in penalty area is the main area where football players lose possession of the ball,and the main fumbling factors include:a.players cannot get tight opponent;b.players didn't close off the shooting route;c.players failed to get to the attacking point.


Jerome B. Zutell, Jr. Faculty of Early and Middle Childhood Education College of Education The Ohio State University IXRespond to what the child is trying to do." Having presented and decried 'conventional wisdom' in reading instruction in the form of his Twelve Easy Ways to Make Learning to Read Difficult, Smith (1973, p. 195) offers this dictum as the one difficult way to make learning to read easy. Smith urges the teacher to focus attention on the learner rather than on methods and materials, which for so long have dominated American reading instruction, and which so often seem to interfer with, rather than facilitate, a positive and informed interaction between teacher and learner during the reading act. But although Smith's point is well taken, his one difficult rule often leaves teachers frustrated and confused (even after reading Psycholinquistics and Reading). What should I look for? How can I find it? How should I respond if not in the manner prescribed by my teacher's manual? These questions raised by teachers are also points well taken. Responding is neither easy or simple. It requires 1) an understanding of the reading process as it is practiced by the fluent reader, 2) the knowledge and ability to recognize and distinguish between those aspects of the child's reading performance that mark developmental progress toward fluent reading and those that may be interfering with learning to read, and 3) the ability to decide what teacher behaviors will provide the necessary feedback to enable the learner to redirect and reshape reading strategies so that they more closely approximate those necessary for fluent reading. Responding requires no less than using a theory of reading to analyze reading behavior and to guide practical classroom applications. In order to respond knowledgeably teachers must have 1) a basic understanding of the reading process, 2) a method of evaluating a child's reading performance based on knowledge of that process, 3) information from research about what patterns of behavior characterize poor and fluent readers and 4) some sense of how various activities and teacher behaviors can orient poor readers toward more successful reading strategies. In the following sections of this paper I will attempt to address each of these areas, concentrating particularly on how various pat-


The artificial insemination is a common practice in domestic animals, but the use of frozen semen compromises the fertility of goat spermatozoa based on pregnancy rates from AI. This could be due to a poor resistance of goat spermatozoa to cryopreservation stresses compared to sperm from other domesticated mammals. Lipid peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species limits the success in this species. Reports revealed that inclusion of antioxidants in cryopreservation media improved quality of semen against LPO. Moreover, inclusion of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants (vitamin C, glutathione reduced etc) in diluents at appropriate concentration can help in holding the semen at refrigeration temperature for many days.


For this work a web page has been prepared, as well as a file in KML format, shared on the same web page, both with information on Isobioclimates of Peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands, published in 2015. HTML5, W3C standard for geolocation, and Open Layers for generation of open source web mapping, have been used. This format can be read by multiple applications on different operating systems and in both fixed and devices (computers) and portable (mobile and tablets). So the user can consult, "in situ", information about the Isobioclimate of its present position in the field. R. MARCO GARCÍA, et al. 216 The Isobioclimates are defined by all hierarchized bioclimatic factors of an área, and are named with a phrase which includes Macrobioclimate, Bioclimate, Biioclimatic Variant (if any) and Bioclimatic Belt -Thermotype and Ombrotype-. The Isobioclimates allow to recognize he areas with equal biological potentiality. The prepared geodata contain the information on the 72 Isobioclimates found in the territory of Peninsular Spain and the Balearic Islands.


Objective To collect information regarding hearing status among middle school students in the city of Xi'an for prevention against premature hearing loss. Methods A cohort of 1,567 students (793 males and 774 females) were randomly sampled from middle schools in the city of Xi'an to be studied via questionnaires, otological examination and audiometric tests. Results 1. hearing loss was detected in 36 students (2.30%). Hearing loss was disabling in 2 students (0.13%). Hearing loss was conductive in 13 students, sensorineural in 20 students and mixed in 3 students. 2. The most commonly identified etiologies included noise exposure, otitis media and impacted cerumen. 3. Logistic regression analysis indicated correlation between hearing loss and the following: gender, use of portable listening devices, sleep disorders, genetic background and use of ototoxic medications, of which use of portable listening devices was an independent risk factor. 4. The prevalence of hearing loss increased with the length of use of portable listening devices, especially affecting high frequency hearing. 5. Acoustic immittance tests showed mostly type A tympanogram and no type B among students with normal hearing. Conclusion Prevalence of hearing impairment is increasing among middle school students. Using portable listening devices at inappropriate volume levels appears to be an important cause. Gender, sleep disorders, genetic background and use of ototoxic medications are also potential factors affecting hearing in this population.


The research on forecasting techniques for payments on current and proposed construction contracts reported in this paper was performed as part of a study to develop a system for generating a l-to-2-year forecast of monthly cash flows for the Virginia Depan:ment: of Highways and Transportation. The study revealed that presently used cash flow forecasting methods consistently underestimate ending cash balances. In addition, it showed that the behavior of individual contracts varies widely, with the percent paid out at the halfway point in the schedule ranging from zero to 93 percent. Furthermore, contractors' schedules, .. . . .. _ ---•--'----~ ---un wn.1.cn curren"C r:ureca.::sc:i:; cut;! ua.:::s~u. a.i.t:: not reliable indicators of contract duration, payout patterns, or final cost. By the end of the scheduled duration (contractual time limit not allowing for shutdowns) contracts are typically less than 70 percent complete. Cost overruns average 7. 8 percent of the contract amount. Seasonality is a critical determinant of construction payout, as is exhibited by the fact that payouts can be six times as high in September as in January. A simple technique that emphasizes the effects of seasonality on payout and realistic estimates of contract duration explained more than 93 percent of the variation in a retrospective test of a sample data base. The accuracy of the forecasting method in actual use will depend on the variability of the weather and on the prompt entry of information on contracts let and scheduled ad•:ertisernent dates into the forecasting data base. During the past several years revenues for most highway departments have become volatile and unpredictable, and construction expenditures have been subjecled to unprecedented rates of inflalion. During such periods an agency runs a serious risk of encountering an inadequate cash balance in carrying out its construction and maintenance program. This risk can be minimized by (a) maintaining large cash balances that divert funds from current needs or (b) developing and using reliable management tools for short-term forecasting and monitoring of cash inflows and outflows. In Virginia the latter approach has been the chosen course of action, and in this paper one phase cf improving the current forecasting technique--a more reliable construction payout model--is described. Improved techniques for forecasting revenues, federal-aid reimbursements, and other cash flow components are beyond the scope of the paper, although research to improve these aspects of the forecasting tecnn1ques is be1ng cone1uctee1. In t:nis paper t:he data required to derive the construction contract monthly payout forecast are discussed, the techniques currently used in Virginia are critiqued, a new forecasting technique is explained, and, finally, a test of the technique is presented. CASH FLOW FORECASTING IN OTHER STATES States that have systematic cash forecasting methods, or are developing them, include Alabama, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, New York, Florida, Iowa, California, Utah, and Idaho. The project team reviewed in detail the methods that have been developed in Pennsylvania, New York, and Florida and concluded that the forecasting techniques in use in New York held the most potential as a basis for developing a forecasting method for use in Virginia. These techniques are described hereafter in the section on the monthly factors model= In addition to details on forecasting techniques, the project team gained two significant insights from analyzing the forecasting systems in these states. The first is that a technically accurate forecasting technique, although vital to success, is not sufficient to generate good forecasts if the information system employed does not provide to the forecasting system a steady flow of up-to-date, accurate, and easily accessible data. The second insight is that an accurate cash flow forecasting system can be a useful management tool only if the forecasting function is closely integrated with the programming function, because programming changes must be promptly reflected in the forecasts and forecasted cash flow surpluses or shortfalls must be properly taken into account in programming decisions. DATA COLLECTION AND PROFILE Data were collected on 173 contracts that began after July 1, 1979, and were completed by August 1982. The payment data were plotted by computer against elapsed time for each contract, and these plots were compared to identify ann exr.l nne from the analysis contracts that exhibited unusual payout patterns. After exclusion of the outliers, the sample consisted of 162 contracts representing 19.5 pPrr.Pnt of the construction activity during fiscal 1980, 27.4 percent during fiscal 1981, and 9 percent during fiscal 1982. The distribution of contracts by contract amount and duration given in Table 1 indicates that half of the sample consisted of contracts of $500,000 or less and 12 months or less in duration and that 9 percent were greater than $2,500,000 and longer than 1 year. Contracts from $500,000 to $2,500,000 and from 1 to 2 years in length made up 23 percent of the sample, or 37 contracts. This mix of large and small, short and long contracts is representative of the total work program of the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. The distribution of the dollar volume of construction activity by size of contract (Table 2) reveals that the 14 largest contracts accounted for over 50 percent: of t:ne aoJ.J.ar volume of construction activity for the sample and that the 92 smallest contracts


Hemingway's one-time secretary and daughter-in-law, author of Running with the Bulls: My Years with the Hemingways, Valerie Hemingway offers her memories of dining with the author, presenting him in a humorous and human light and reminding us of the sense of community and storytelling that develop around a dining table.


Breast cancer (BC) is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. BC is most often derived from the epithelial tissue of the mammary gland and is a global problem due to the steady increase in morbidity and mortality in most countries. A particular problem today is the triple negative subtype (TNBC), which accounts for approximately 10-15% of breast cancer cases. BC occurs most frequently in young women and is characterised by various biological characteristics, an unfavourable clinical course and a poor prognosis. Recent studies to detect the effects of histamine receptors on breast cancer have shown that all H1R-H4R receptors are also hyperactive in the cancer microenvironment. Chronically maintaining a high level of histamine in the tumour-affected tissue contributes to increased angiogenesis at this site, induction of cancer cells proliferation and T lymphocyte dysfunction. The rising incidence of breast cancer is contributing to an increasing amount of research into targeted therapies. Studies on the effect of histamine antagonists through H1R-H4R receptors have proven their effectiveness in the treatment of breast cancer. Among those in the study, there was a reduction in tumour growth, cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. The use of histamine antagonists also contributed to a reduced risk of death from breast cancer and increased overall survival (OS). Therefore, targeted therapy is needed to improve the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.


This article aims to identify views on usury in various perspectives and identify problems with usury and identify solutions. Usury in various perspectives is a cause of problems in the economy, which also refers to humanitarian issues globally. Learning about solutions to eliminate usury in the economy is a study that is developing, so that this is part of the development of civilization towards an economy that is growing and developing. Islamic economics and finance is a solution to build a humanitarian and civilized economy.


Society needs a continous flow of upgradding products and services which are responsive to needs, are reliable, cost-effective and safe. When this does not occur, excessive regulation and resulting stifled technology and production results. Excesses in both directions have occurred in other fields such as medicine, the automobile industry, petro-chemicals, motion pictures, building construction and pharmaceuticals. Disasters based on poor design and implementation in information processing have occurred in ballot-counting systems, law enforcement systems, billing systems, credit systems and dating services. Business has been undersold and oversold and sometimes reached the brink of ruin in its increasing reliance on computer systems. The only answer is a balanced degree of self-regulation. Such self-regulation for software systems is presented here.


A method for jointly estimating frequency,elevation,azimuth and range of near-field narrowband sources is proposed.The parameters of multiple sources can be obtained directly using the eigenvalues of the constructed cumulant matrices and the corresponding eigenvectors.The proposed method doesn't require any spectral peak search,has medium computation load, and can be applied to additive Gaussian noise environments.Furthermore,this method can reduce the loss of array aperture effec- tively by using a non-centro-symmetric cross array.The performance of the proposed method is verified by computer simulations.


The key of the scientific strategic choice for the colleges and universities Science is to seize the opportunity to meet the challenges and implement the effective strategic management.On the basis of the analysis of the connotation characteristics of a strategic choice,clarify the strategic choice that based on the strategy information,begins with a strategic assessment,strategic program which aimed at the identification,then made the scientific measures of the strategic choice for colleges and universities.


9567 Background: African American (AA) women have a lower risk of breast cancer (BC) than Caucasian(C) women, but tumors in AAs are more likely to be poorly differentiated and estrogen receptor neg...


There is a gap within the current capability of engineering companies' information system infrastructure where there is no system that currently captures, manages and shares the full scope of informal engineering communication. This paper presents an over


Reading comprehension Question-Answering (QA) for College Entrance Examination (Gaokao in Chinese) is a challenging AI task because it requires effective representation to capture complicated semantic relations between the question and answers. In this paper, a novel method of Chinese Automatic Question-Answering based on a graph is proposed. The method first uses the Chinese FrameNet and discourse topic (paragraph topic sentence and author's opinion sentence) to construct the affinity matrix between the question and candidate sentences and then employs the algorithm based on the graph to iteratively calculate the importance of each sentence. At last, the top 6 candidate answer sentences are selected based on the ranking scores. The recall on Beijing College Entrance Examination in the recent twelve years is 67.86%, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.


This book provides a
grammatical description of Noon, an Atlantic language spoken by fewer than
32,000 people in 33 villages and neighborhoods in the outskirts of Thies.

The study, based primarily on new data collected by the author, provides an
analysis on phonology, morphology, nominal classification, verbal system,
ideophones, interjections and linguistic routines, syntax and divination
systems.

This work constitutes an important step forward in the nominal classification
system. There are two nominal class systems in Noon: a Niger-Congo agreement
system for modifiers that are attached to the head noun and another system for
independent modifiers. The second nominal class system, based on human and
diminutive semantic features, has an additional agreement singular/plural class
pair for human nouns.

The author also describes the divination practices in Noon by presenting an
overview of divination systems in Senegal based on audio/video recordings
collected in a natural setting. This empirical work, carried out in a
linguistic and multimodal perspective, allows to focus first on the forms of
divination of Noon, then on their meanings and expressions, and finally on some
characteristic features in divination practices.


Building the index system for bearing capacity analysis on resource and environment of paper industry has important practical and scientific value for sustainable developments of China paper industry,resource and environment.In this paper,we select separate index system of raw material bases and pulp and paper industry,and in combination with the actual development of China's paper industry of regional differences,then using the analytic hierarchy,detach regional to determine the weight values of every index.The study shows that the index system for carrying capacity on resources and environment of paper industry is operational.The results are reasonable and can provide technical support for the regional paper industry environmental management.


Objective To explore the application of portable sleep monitor(PM) to the diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) in adults.Methods A PM system was applied to 34 adult patients with suspected OSAHS,and polysomnography(PSG) as the gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PM system.Results The differences of apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),oxygen desaturation index(ODI),the lowest SpO2(LSpO2) and the mean SpO2(MSpO2) between the two kinds of monitoring systems were statistically insignificant(P0.05).Regarding PSG as golden standard,the sensitivity,specificity and the accuracy of PM was 100%,75%,and 97.14% respectively.Conclusion As a simple,convenient,sensitive detection method with high diagnostic value for OSAHS in adults,PM is worthy of clinical application.


A new family of circuit-board-to-backplane connectors has been developed for general-use packaging of electronic telecommunications equipment. They provide a range of interconnect densities between the circuit board and the backplane of from 16 to 48 connections per inch of printed-circuit-board height, up to a total of 324 connections. The family consists of four connector styles which provide two, three, four, or six columns of contacts which mate with selectively gold-plated pins inserted into a backplane on a 0.125-in grid. Each socket-type contact in the circuit-board portion provides two gold-plated contact points with a minimum end-of-life normal force of 100 g. The maximum connector insertion force is 140 g] contact. The two- and three.column connectors are attached to the printed circuit board by the heat staking of integrally molded bosses, and the terminals are connected by wave soldering. The four- and six-column connectors are riveted to their printed circuit boards and the contact tails are reflow soldered to the circuit-board conductors. A variety of environmental tests and connector characterization tests indicate that this connector family will perform reliably in telecommunications equipment.


In coding for distributed storage systems, efficient data reconstruction and repair through accessing a predefined number of arbitrarily chosen storage nodes is guaranteed by regenerating codes. Traditionally, code parameters, specially the number of helper nodes participating in a repair process, are predetermined. However, depending on the state of the system and network traffic, it is desirable to adapt such parameters accordingly in order to minimize the cost of repair. In this work a class of regenerating codes with minimum storage is introduced that can simultaneously operate at the optimal repair bandwidth, for a wide range of exact repair mechanisms, based on different number of helper nodes.


Broadband communication technology transmits data in high speed. Broadband communications using aerial cable as its transmission medium, will radiate electromagnetic field into its surrounding environment. The radiated electromagnetic field is a potential source of interference, especially with other frequency radio devices, which are operated in the same frequency range. In this case, the long wires carrying broadband signals will generate a radio frequency electromagnetic emission. This paper makes a study about interference from the xDSL (Digital Subcriber Line) communication broadband signals, which using an existing telephone subscriber loop cable network as its transmission medium. Generally, the subsciber loop cable is an aerial cable. In order to make the radiation influence does not impact the other radio equipment performance, the standard CISPR 22 regulates the limits, which are 35 dBuV (average) at a distance of 30 for Class A (industrial) equipment and at a distance of 10 m for Class B (residential) equipment.


Looking for something to do? Youth Services are providing youth bus sessions, which has a playstation and computers on board as well as other games and activities.


Implications for the Small Mammal and Earthworm Communities in a Degraded Ecosystem Jennifer A. Edalgo At Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Pennsylvania, we trapped small mammals in areas dominated by Morrow's honeysuckle, an invasive shrub, and we determined that prebaiting 1 and 2 days before the actual trapping period did not improve trapping success. We do not recommend using the added resources (i.e., time, money, personnel, and equipment) to incorporate prebaiting into trapping regimes because trapping success was not improved. We fluorescent powdertracked mice in old field and forested areas with Morrow's honeysuckle encroachment to determine the microhabitat they selected. Mice selected paths with high shrub and tree cover and low herbaceous cover. They selected native herbaceous vegetation and avoided exotic vegetation. We determined shrubs (native and exotic) and soil characteristics that were associated with 4 earthworm species. Earthworm densities were largely dependent upon the shrub species and this will be useful for understanding the effects that worms may have on soil conditions and shrub species.


Driven by the huge market demand, the glass lenses made of various optical glasses are required to be more diversified in sizes/shapes, to have better form accuracy/ surface roughness, to be more environmental durable, and to be more competitive in price. In comparison to conventional refractive lens, diffractive lens (diffractive optical element, DOE) has the advantages of being thinner and lighter, and is widely used in optical systems such as lighting and photovoltaic systems. Glass moulding process(GMP) is regarded as a very promising technique for mass producing high precision optical components such as spherical/ aspheric glass lenses and free-form optics. However, only a handful of materials can sustain the chemical reaction, mechanical stress and temperature involved in the glass moulding process. Besides, almost all of these mould materials are classified as hard-to-machine materials. This makes the machining of these materials to sub-micrometer form accuracy and nanometer surface finish a rather tough and expensive task. As a result, making service life of mould longer has played a critical part in the GMP industry. The excessive stress and/or temperature involved in the moulding process are amongst the main reasons for pre-matured mould failure. This research aimed to analyze the stress/strain conditions and the obtained dimensional accuracy under various molding parameters by simulations. Molding experiments were subsequently carried out to verify the simulated results. A glass DOE of 14.8 mm in diameter and 3.36 mm in thickness are successfully produced in this research and the difference between the simulated and the molded DOE is around 15μm.


Abstract The major ethical problems which confront neonatal paediatricians are: (i) the problem of resources; (ii) the question of informed consent; (iii) the use of organs from anencephalic new-born infants for organ donation and die pituitary gland from more mature fetuses for the treatment of Parkinson's disease; (iv) the withdrawal, or non-institution, of intensive care for damaged babies. The judgments in four fairly recent legal cases have had the effect of bringing die law and clinical practice together. A baby's prognosis is ascertained as accurately as possible using modern imaging and electrophysiological techniques. The present situation is that treatment does not have to be continued on purely legal grounds. Several important principles emerge. First, mat physicians should be recognized to be acting in die best interests of their patients. Secondly, at every stage the physician must weigh the advantages of a proposed course of treatment against its side-effects and complications. Thirdly, a cl...


The thermal decomposition of polycarbonate (PC), PC containing resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and PC—acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PC–ABS) blend containing RDP was studied by thermogravimetry. Volatile and solid products of thermal decomposition were collected at different steps of thermal decomposition and characterized either by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry or infrared and chemical analysis. It was found that phosphorus accumulates in the condensed phase. Upon combustion of the fire-retardant mixture PC–ABS + RDP, accumulation of phosphorus is observed in the charred layer, at the surface of the burning specimens. It is suggested that PC undergoes a Fries-type rearrangement upon thermal decomposition, and RDP reacts with the formed phenolic groups through a trans-esterification mechanism. Kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of PC containing RDP supports the proposed mechanism. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1863–1872, 1999


In a number of physical environments, electron collisions with molecules and molecular ions initiate and drive the chemistry of the system. In general due to the large mass difference between the electron and target, the cross section is dominated by resonant processes, where the electron can temporarily attach to the molecule and change the forces felt between its atoms for a period of time comparable to a vibrational period. This can lead to resonant vibrational excitation and dissociative attachment, for neutral targets, or dissociative recombination in the case of ions. We outline the basic theory that underlies these processes, and our approach to study them. We then illustrate the method with the study of dissociative recombination for the He2+ , Ne2+ , and Ar2+ molecular ions and dissociative attachment of C2H2.


In his only organized treatment of the subject, Marx presents alienation as partaking of four broad relations which are so distributed as to cover the whole of human existence. These are man's relations to his productive activity, his product, other men and the species. Productive activity in capitalism is spoken of as 'active alienation, the alienation of activity, the activity of alienation'. Asking 'What, then, constitutes the alienation of labor?', Marx offers the following reply: First, the fact that labor is external to the worker, i.e., it does not belong to his essential being; that in his work, therefore, he does not affirm himself but denies himself, does not feel content but unhappy, does not develop freely his physical and mental energy but mortifies his body and Tuins his mind. The worker therefore only feels himself outside his work, and in his work feels outside himself. He is at home when he is not working, and when he is working he is not at home. His labor is therefore not voluntary, but coerced; it's forced labor. It is therefore not the satisfaction of a need; it is merely a means to satisfy needs external to it. In claiming that labor does not belong to man's essential being, that in it he denies rather than affirms himself and that it is not a satisfaction of a need but merely satisfies needs external to it, Marx's point of reference is species man.


This report describes the machine translation system tuning experiments leading to CMU system submissions to the WMT 2011 French-English and Haitian-English translation tracks. For each language track, we tune a standard phrase-based SMT system to a variety of metrics including BLEU, TER, and several variations of METEOR. We select a balanced Tuning version of METEOR that performs well across tracks as the tuning metric for our official submissions.


A continuous hyperplasticity model named kinematic hardening modified cam clay (KHMCC) is a constitutive soil model based on thermodynamic principles. This model has addressed some shortcomings of the modified cam clay (MCC), specifically on small strain stiffness. Because of employing multiple surfaces plasticity, it can simulate a smooth transition from elastic to plastic behaviour as well as the effect of immediate past stress. This article aims to present some important issues on the numerical implementation of the continuous hyperplasticity non-linear KHMCC model. The incremental stress–strain response is calculated based on a rate-dependent algorithm. A significant advantage of the rate-dependent calculation is that it is not necessary to attach with the consistency condition during calculation of plastic strains. Effect of time step and number of yield surfaces in rate-dependent algorithm will be also presented. A discussion on using of numerical integration rules of hardening functions is addressed. Furthermore, model verification is performed against analytical solution of ideal undrained response which has been obtained from theoretical integration of the MCC function over the imposed stress or strain path. Finally, some numerical demonstrations are also carried out to illustrate several key features of the model.


Objective:To observe the efficacy and changes of cognitive function in patients with mood disorders being treated with modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT)under modes of either DGx or LOW0.5.Method:Seventy patients with mood disorders according to ICD-10 were randomly divided into two groups,group DGx(n=35)and group LOW0.5(n=35).Participants were treated for 6 times by ECT instrument.Clinical efficacy were evaluated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)and Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS),and the effects on cognitive function was assessed with the Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS),Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)and Continuous Performance Task(CPT)at baseline,the end of the treatment and 2 week after treatment individually.Clinical efficacy and effects on changes of cognitive function were compared between the two groups.Results:The rate of significant improvement in clinical efficacy of patients with manic state and depressed was 100% in group LOW0.5.In group DGx,the rate of significant improvement of manic patients was 100%,while that of patients with depressed was 94.1%.There was no significantly difference between two groups(P0.05).The WMS,WCST and CPT scores at the first day after treatment in group LOW0.5 were higher than those in group DGx.There was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups at 14th day after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion:There is no significant difference in clinical efficacy between DGx and LOW0.5 MECT in patients with affective psychosis.The effect on cognition function of LOW0.5 mode is lower than that of DGx mode.


OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of chronic activities of daily living (ADL) disability and to analyze the sociodemographic, health status, adverse lifestyle, and leisure‐time physical activity predictors for chronic ADL disability.


Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GONFH) is a common refractory joint disease characterized by bone damage and the collapse of femoral head structure. However, the exact pathological mechanisms of GONFH remain unknown. Here, we observed abnormal osteogenesis and adipogenesis associated with decreased β-catenin in the necrotic femoral head of GONFH patients. In vivo and in vitro studies further revealed that glucocorticoid exposure disrupted osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by inhibiting β-catenin signaling in glucocorticoid-induced GONFH rats. Col2+ lineage largely contributes to BMSCs, and was found an osteogenic commitment in the femoral head through 9 months of lineage trace. Specific deletion of β-catenin in Col2+ cells shifted their commitment from osteoblasts to adipocytes, leading to a full spectrum of disease phenotype of GONFH in adult mice. Overall, we uncover that β-catenin inhibition disrupting the homeostasis of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation contribute to the development of GONFH, and identify an ideal genetic modified mouse model of GONFH.


Three kinds of preconditioners are proposed to accelerate the generalized AOR (GAOR) method for the linear system from the generalized least squares problem. The convergence and comparison results are obtained. The comparison results show that the convergence rate of the preconditioned generalized AOR (PGAOR) methods is better than that of the original GAOR methods. Finally, some numerical results are reported to confirm the validity of the proposed methods.


Glutamate receptor phosphorylation has been implicated in several forms of modulation of synaptic transmission. It has been reported that protein kinase A (PKA) can phosphorylate the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR4 on Ser842, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we studied the regulation of GluR4 phosphorylation and intracellular trafficking by PKA and by metabotropic receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase (AC), in cultured chick retinal amacrine‐like neurones, which are enriched in GluR4. The regulation of AMPA receptor activity by PKA and by metabotropic AC‐coupled receptors was also investigated by measuring the [Ca2+]i response to kainate in Na+‐free medium. Stimulation of AC with forskolin (FSK), or using the selective agonist of dopamine D1 receptors (±)‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐(1H)‐3‐benzazepine‐7,8‐diol (SKF38393), increased the [Ca2+]i response to kainate, GluR4 phosphorylation at Ser842 and GluR4 surface expression. Pre‐incubation of the cells with (2S,2′R,3′R)‐2‐(2′,3′‐dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG‐IV), an agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), which are coupled to inhibition of AC, inhibited the effect of FSK and of SKF38393 on AMPA receptor activity, GluR4 phosphorylation and expression at the plasma membrane. These results indicate that there is a functional cross‐talk between dopamine D1 receptors and group II mGluR in the regulation of GluR4 phosphorylation and AMPA receptor activity. Our data show that GluR4 phosphorylation at Ser842 by PKA, and its recruitment to the plasma membrane upon phosphorylation, is regulated by metabotropic receptors.


Abstract To recycle the phosphorus in P-bearing steelmaking slag and use the slag as phosphate fertilizer, it is necessary to study the distribution of P2O5 between the P-rich phase and matrix phase in P-bearing steelmaking slag. The addition of MgO and MnO into the slag has no effect on the phosphorus form of existence in the slag and has little effect on the %(P2O5)SS. In contrast, Na2O and CaF2 in the slag change the phosphorus form of existence in the slag and increase %(P2O5)SS obviously. Lp', γP2O5(SS) ${\gamma _{{{\rm{P}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_5}(SS)}}$, γP2O5(M) ${\gamma _{{{\rm{P}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_5}(M)}}$, CP(M) and CP(SS) were calculated, and it was found that %(CaO), %(T.Fe) and %(P2O5) in the P-rich phase and matrix phase significantly affect Lp'. MnO and MgO in the slag have little effect on the distribution of P2O5 between the P-rich phase and matrix phase, whereas Na2O and CaF2 affect the distribution of P2O5 between the P-rich phase and matrix phase.


The main purpose of inquisitive semantics is to enrich the notion of semantic meaning in such a way that it does not only embody informative content, but also inquisitive content. That is, the meaning assigned to a sentence should not only determine the information that the sentence provides, but also the issue that it raises, and the range of responses that would resolve this issue. Such a notion of meaning, and a semantics that assigns such meanings to sentences in the language of first-order logic, has been developed and investigated in quite some detail in recent work [2,4,6,9]. The resulting system, InqA, deals with informative and inquisitive content in a satisfactory way. A second important goal of inquisitive semantics is to establish a suitable logical notion of compliance, which judges whether an utterance in a conversation is logically related to what was said before. Such a notion has been proposed in [6]. As long as we restrict our attention to the language of propositional logic, this notion seems to give satisfactory results. However, problems arise in the first-order case [2,3]. These problems do not just show that there is something wrong with the particular notion of compliance proposed in [6]. Rather, they reveal that certain first-order sentences which intuitively have a different range of compliant responses are entirely equivalent in InqA, which means that the very notion of meaning adopted in InqA is not fine-grained enough to serve as a basis for a suitable notion of compliance in the first-order setting [2,3]. Thus, InqA fulfills our primary purpose, in that it suitably deals with informative and inquisitive content. However, it does not achieve the second important goal, in that it is too coarse-grained to deal with compliance. In this paper we develop a more fine-grained inquisitive semantics, InqW , which is intended to overcome this limitation.


The purpose of this paper is to develop mass integration strategies for nonconventional applications to support planetary habitation systems. The system is aimed at recovering agricultural nutrients from crop-growth wastes. These wastes are processed through a combination of biological, physical and chemical systems to render harvested biomass into usable or recoverable materials. Aerobic composting was carried out followed by leaching and filtration. Tailored experiments were carried out to track the dynamic release of nutrients via aerobic composting. In order to maximize the use of recovered nutrients, a mass integration framework was developed for the optimum scheduling the allocation of composting products. The experimental results were used in a mathematical formulation that optimizes nutrient recovery, the operation of the system, and the scheduling of waste input and nutrient output. A case study on the composting of sweet potato biomass was solved to illustrate the usefulness of the experimental results and the integration framework.


Introduction Preterms and neonates on a neonatal intensive care unit are particularly susceptible to colonization and subsequent endogenous infection with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Due to numerous factors of these patients that could inhibit decolonization (nasogastric tubes, arterial/venous lines etc.), it is unclear how effective an attempt of MRSA decolonization in the hospital setting could be. Potential drugs for decolonization are not, or only with restrictions, authorised for preterms and neonates. The aim of this paper was to identify parameters that can influence the MRSA-status in the initial phase of colonization and to determine the effect of an attempt of decolonization on the MRSA-status and prevention of infection. Possible side effects will be analysed. Methods The retrospective analysis included 50 preterms and neonates with detection of MRSA of Charité University Medicine Berlin ́s neonatal units. A portion of the children were treated with the following drugs for decolonization for five days: 0,05% octenidine-solution as a whole body


Colon delivery systems for oral administration have grown in popularity since the 1990s, primarily because of the increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has broadly been demonstrated to benefit from topical pharmacological treatment [1]. Moreover, selective release of biotechnological drugs to the large bowel has been proposed as a viable strategy to have their oral bioavailability enhanced with respect to gastric and/or small intestinal delivery as yielded by conventional peroral dosage forms [2,3]. So far, a wide range of targeting formulation approaches have been explored, which are generally based on physiological parameters typically differing between the large bowel and more proximal regions of the digestive tract [4]. Entericcoated systems, in particular, are intended to pursue colon delivery by exploiting differences in the pH of gastrointestinal fluids. Polymethacrylates with a pH-dependent dissolution threshold ranging from pH 6.0 to 7.0 are mainly used as coating agents aimed at protecting the drug core from gastric and small intestinal contents, Eudragit® S (EuS), Eudragit® L (EuL), and Eudragit® FS (EuFS) (Evonik Industries) being popular brands thereof [5]. This is notably the formulation strategy behind most of anti-inflammatory drug products that are commercially available worldwide for the therapy of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (IBD). It is well known, however, that the dissolution pH thresholds of the employed enteric-soluble polymers may physiologically be exceeded within the small bowel, particularly in its distal portions. In addition, acidic pH values were disclosed in the right colon of healthy subjects by a radiotelemetry study performed almost 30 years ago [6]. The fall in pH would be due to accumulation of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum and proximal large intestine resulting from bacterial fermentation activities. It ensues that exposure of the coating polymers to fluids having pH above their dissolution threshold may not be long enough to enable drug release within the target site, particularly in the presence of high coating levels that are generally resorted to in order to prevent drug release into the upper gut. Such issues may become especially challenging in the case of ulcerative colitis sufferers, who reportedly undergo pathology-related alterations in the pH of colonic contents [7]. Indeed, the reliability of pH-dependent formulations has recurrently been questioned over the last decades. In the early 1990s, the time and site of disintegration for EuS-coated tablets dosed to fasted healthy volunteers were found to be highly variable [8]. It was thereby concluded that enteric-coated formulations would be unsuitable for consistent colonic release. In a more recent ɣ-scintigraphy investigation, it was demonstrated that EuS films, irrespective of whether they were applied as an organic solution or an aqueous dispersion of the polymer, were unfit to provide selective drug release into the colon [9]. When organic coating systems were used, the dosage forms were subject to disintegration failure, whereas aqueous EuS-coated units always disintegrated before the target site had been reached. In agreement with this evidence of early release, a newly identified goal of ileocolonic targeting was proposed. The risk of a lack of timely disintegration for organic EuScoated tablets was confirmed under fasted, fed and pre-feed administration regimens, the latter consisting in a standard breakfast taken 30 min post-dose [10]. By concomitant radiotelemetric measurements, remarkable variability was highlighted in intestinal pH values. This finding, along with possibly insufficient residence time within regions having pH above the dissolution threshold of the coating polymer and paucity of water available, was deemed to hinder attainment of predictable performance from such formulations. Importantly, the duration of exposure to the acidic gastric fluid, which may penetrate the enteric layer and then delay neutralization of carboxyl groups upon pH rise, was also shown to impact on the release profile. Lately, by administering differing marketed mesalazine products for modified release to fasted healthy volunteers and measuring drug concentrations in gastrointestinal fluid and feces samples, it was hypothesized that tableted systems coated with EuS may in some cases fail to completely release its drug load [11]. Issues of poorly site-selective disintegration would concern not only singlebut also multiple-unit EuS-coated formulations. Indeed, either early drug absorption or disintegration failure was observed from pellets coated with an organic solution of the polymer [12].


This paper analyzes the general character and personality characteristics of the generation after 90s college students, then according to their personality characteristics, the writer come up with some strategies of cultivating the generation after 90s college students' personality healthy education, to provide some advices to universities and teacher's teaching.


HAX1 protein is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell motility and calcium homeostasis. Its overexpression was reported in several tumors, including breast cancer. This study demonstrates that HAX1 has an impact on collective, but not single-cell migration, thus indicating the importance of cell–cell contacts for the HAX1-mediated effect. Accordingly, it was shown that HAX1 knockdown affects cell–cell junctions, substrate adhesion, and epithelial cell layer integrity. As demonstrated here, these effects can be attributed to the modulation of actomyosin contractility through changes in RhoA and septin signaling. Additionally, it was shown that HAX1 does not influence invasive potential in the breast cancer cell line, suggesting that its role in breast cancer progression may be linked instead to collective invasion of the epithelial cells but not single-cell dissemination.


Abstract. Sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data with high spatial-temporal resolution are important in studying the global carbon cycle and assessing the oceanic carbon uptake capacity. However, the observed sea surface pCO2 data are usually limited in spatial and temporal coverage, especially in marginal seas. This study provides an approach to reconstruct the complete sea surface pCO2 field in the South China Sea (SCS) with a grid resolution of 0.5º × 0.5º over the period of 2000–2017 using both remote-sensing derived pCO2 and observed pCO2. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) were computed from the remote sensing derived pCO2. Then, a multilinear regression was applied to the observed pCO2 as the response variable with the EOFs as the explanatory variables. EOF1 explains the general spatial pattern of pCO2 in the SCS. EOF2 shows the pattern influenced by the Pearl River plume on the northern shelf and slope. EOF3 is consistent with the pattern influenced by coastal upwelling along the north coast of the SCS. The reconstructions always agree with observations. When pCO2 observations cover a sufficiently large area, the reconstructed fields successfully display a pattern of relatively high pCO2 in the mid-and-southern basin. The rate of sea surface pCO2 increase in the SCS is 2.383 μatm per year based on the spatial average of the reconstructed pCO2 over the period of 2000–2017. All the data for this paper are openly and freely available at PANGAEA under the link https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.921210 (Wang et al., 2020).


Abstract Considering the narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas, but also their applicability in upcoming technologies, this paper addresses the problem of wide-band matching, the theoretical bounds on the matching bandwidth and low-cost and low-complexity matching strategies. In this context the Bode-Fano bounds of single mode, linearly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas is evaluated, optimized and compared to the theoretical bounds on matching bandwidth of other common feeding technologies. A detailed study of the input impedance of aperture-coupled patch antennas shows how to widen the Fano bounds. Based on this, a straight-forward and effective method to optimize the Fano bound is given. After optimization of the antennas input impedance, basic matching techniques can be applied, to exploit the enlarged bandwidth potential. As an example a λ/4 $\lambda/4$-transformer as matching element is proposed. Design equations and simulation and measurement results of X-band prototypes are given as verification.


This article presents an approach to the two-dimensional Schrödinger equation based on automatic learning methods with neural networks. It is intended to determine the ground state of a particle confined in any two-dimensional potential, starting from the knowledge of the solutions to a large number of arbitrary sample problems. A network architecture with two hidden layers is proposed to predict the wave function and energy of the ground state. Several accuracy indicators are proposed for validating the estimates provided by the neural network. The testing of the trained network is done by applying it to a large set of confinement potentials different from those used in the learning process. Some particular cases with symmetrical potentials are solved as concrete examples, and a good network prediction accuracy is found.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of locking plate for triplane fractures of distal tibia in teenagers.Methods From June 2012 to June 2014, 106 teenagers with triplane fracture of the distal tibia were treated with locking plate. They were randomly divided into observation group(treated with locking plate) and control group(treated with conventional open reduction and internal fixation). Results Between the observation group and the control group, in the operation time(χ~2=5.321, P =0.000), and the blood loss in operation(χ~2=12.960, P =0.000), there were statistically significant differences(P 0.05). However, in hospital stay(χ~2=0.218, P =0.828) and fracture healing time(χ~2=0.217, P =0.828), there were no statistically significant differences between these two groups(P 0.05). All patients were followed up for average 6(4-12)months. The efficacy of two groups was compared. In the observation group, 37 cases were excellent, 16 cases good, the good and excellent rate was 100%. In the control group, 31 cases were excellent, 20 cases good, 2 cases bad, the good and excellent rate was 96.2%. There was no significant difference in the good and excellent rate(χ~2=2.038, P =0.153) between these two groups(P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the complication rate(χ~2=2.038, P =0.153) between these two groups(P 0.05). Conclusion Application of locking plate has the good therapeutic effect for triplane fractures of distal tibia in teenagers, with shorter operation time and less blood loss in operation and it also has fewer postoperative complications. It is worthy of clinical recommendation.


Generally, small-sized antennas are needed for specified low-power radio applications, especially automobile applications. Because such antennas were usually placed on the neighborhood of metal surfaces such as housings and ground planes, an antenna, being hard to be influenced from neighboring conductors, is desired. Having this fact in mind, the spiral-shaped microstrip line antenna consisting of two radiation elements being set on the surface 10 mm away from the ground plane was proposed and its performance was numerically and experimentally investigated to realize a low-profile antenna with multi-band operation in UHF band. This antenna was installed in the automobile, and the radiation patterns were evaluated.


Based on the transcriptional profiling of CHO cell culture using microarray, four key early apoptosis signaling genes, Fadd, Faim, Alg‐2, and Requiem, were identified and CHO GT (Gene Targeted) cell lines were developed by targeting these four genes. Two were CHO GTO cell lines overexpressing anti‐apoptotic genes, Faim and Fadd DN and two were CHO GTKD cell lines involving knockdown of Alg‐2 and Requiem which are pro‐apoptotic genes using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Comparisons of these CHO GT cell lines with the parental cell line in batch culture (BC) and fed‐batch culture (FBC) were performed. Compared to parental cells, the CHO GT cell lines showed apoptosis resistance as they significantly delayed and/or suppressed initiator caspase‐8 and ‐9 and executioner caspase‐3 activities during culture. FBC of CHO GT cell lines reached significantly higher maximum viable cell densities (up to 9 × 106 cells/mL) compared with the parental cell line (5 × 106 cells/mL). The recombinant interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) yields were increased by up to 2.5‐fold. Furthermore, it was observed that the IFN‐γ was more highly sialylated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


With the proclamation of the Turkish Republic, in October, 1923, Ankara became the laboratory and showcase of the nation-building project led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. A number of European architects, planners and artists were involved in the transformation of this small Anatolian town into the political and symbolic centre of the 'New Turkey': as the Republic was also known. At the same time, European observers were drawn to witness a place that was described as 'the most extraordinary capital in the world'. At a crucial juncture, in which the geopolitical space of the Orient was radically reconfigured, Ankara provided an unexpected terrain of cross-cultural encounters between East and West. This essay explores the historical traces of these encounters that emerge from an uncharted body of sources, ranging from early-1920s' travel writings to the first comprehensive accounts of the new capital published in the mid-1930s. A tropological analysis of this rich and diverse literature shows that Ankara destabilised the discursive frame through which the West had hitherto constructed the Orient as its irreducible 'other'. The accounts of this modernist experiment reasserted the hegemony of western culture while revealing, in the process, its inner fractures and contradictions.


This paper presents a thermal and PSpice modeling approach to a 5 W oven used in a telecommunication satellite to keep the oscillator frequency constant under a large temperature variation in the space. The proposed modeling approach provides a very efficient way to analyze and design the oven and other similar thermal devices, especially when considering the worst case conditions for space applications. A final optimized oven through PSpice simulation shows that a temperature variation within PC under an ambient temperature from -20/spl deg/C to 70/spl deg/C can be achieved.


Previous studies of foreign labourers or migrant workers have been heavily influenced by the neo-Marxist paradigm of the New International Division of Labour that emphasised the exploitation and subordination of labour as an integral part of the expansion of capitalist development spearheaded particularly by powerful transnationals from the West. Simultaneously, most were concerned with policy making in the control of movements of migrant workers internationally as the old heartland of manufacturing in the West began to face the consequences of de-skilling and de-industrialisation resulting from many corporations moving their production offshore. Feminist researchers also politicised the plights of young women migrant workers in the booming East Asian countries at the time when the NIEs experienced frantic, spectacular economic growth. These workers were presented as "victims" of an increasingly autocratic regime of production that practiced labour subordination. Workers were found to be abused and their rights and welfare violated. While not disagreeing with such "super-exploitation" and "subordination of labour", some critics held that the approach was limiting and simplistic and argued that a more satisfying examination and explanation must incorporate the different and diverse individual subjectivities of the workers articulated on the micro and micro/local levels without abandoning completely the macro and structural concerns.Aiming at exploring a way out of the theoretical impasse in the sociology of development and to reorient the study of international labour migration away from the deterministic "victimisation" and impersonal approach, this study, inspired by the postmodern challenge, has embraced an actor-oriented approach to investigate the various actors' perceptions of the labour subordination, particularly the use of foreign labourers from South-East Asian countries by employers in one of the Newly Industrialised Countries, Taiwan.Based on empirical fieldwork conducted through a survey and in-depth interviews in Taiwan carried out between 1997 and 2000, the exploratory study examined the Filipino workers' settlement and working experiences in Taiwan to illustrate the significance of the actor-oriented approach as a new way to understand the phenomenon of the growing tides of foreign workers moving within the East Asian region. It argued that the conventional labour subordination thesis had been made inadequate in these new times of global economy and agent activism.


"It is an undisputed fact that any nation that cannot feed itself cannot likewise gallantly parade itself as a true independent nation. So far food sufficiency has eluded us contrary to the belief that Nigeria is endowed with all the necessary natural pre-requisites for food production. The weak link has been on how to enhance these natural gifts for optimal production" (Gbenga 1990:27)
Agricultural development in Nigeria has been very slow. This is because our young ones especially the females do not have interest in the profession. This could probably be traced to the centuries – old discriminatory attitudes, laws and traditions which consciously or unconsciously, still prevail in the male dominated social structure.
The study examined the factors which influence the occupational choice of youths senior secondary school students (with respect to gender) in Kajola Local Government area of Oyo State. Information was obtained through the use of structured questionnaire. The results of the data analysis indicate that only 32 (64%) out of 50 male students sampled have favourable attitudes towards Agriculture as a career whereas only 22 (44%) out of 50 female respondents sampled have favourable attitudes towards agriculture as a career. Also, the parents are more influential in assisting the youths (Secondary school students) with their occupational aspirations in that, out of 50 female respondents, only 11 (22%) represents both the children and parents who want the children to choose agriculture as a career. Consequently, out of 50 male students studied, it is the same number and same percentage of both children and parents who wish the children to choose agriculture as a career.
Therefore, it is evident that the students' sexes and the students' parents socio-economic characteristics have a lot to do with the students' choice of career. For there is a significant relationship between these factors and the students' attitudes towards agriculture as a career.


This paper focuses on the Private Linear Transformation (PLT) problem in the multi-server scenario. In this problem, there are N servers, each of which stores an identical copy of a database consisting of K independent messages, and there is a user who wishes to compute L independent linear combinations of a subset of D messages in the database while leaking no information to the servers about the identity of the entire set of these D messages required for the computation. We focus on the setting in which the coefficient matrix of the desired L linear combinations generates a Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) code. We characterize the capacity of the PLT problem, defined as the supremum of all achievable download rates, for all parameters N, K, D ≥ 1 and L = 1, i.e., when the user wishes to compute one linear combination of D messages. We show that the capacity in this case is Φ(1/N, K − D + 1), where Φ(A, B) ≜ (1 + A + A2 + ⋯ + AB−1)−1. Moreover, we establish an upper bound and lower bounds on the capacity of the PLT problem for all parameters N, K, D, L ≥ 1. We show that for the regime where K − D is a non-negative integer multiple of L, the proposed capacity upper bound is equal to Φ(1/N, (K −D +L)/L). Also, leveraging some known capacity results, we show the tightness of this bound in the following regimes: (i) the case when there is a single server (i.e., N = 1), (ii) the case when L = 1, and (iii) the case when L = D.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of intellectual capital, ownership structure and firm size of the company profitability. The study population is 205 mining company 2012-2014. Sampling technique applied is purposive sampling, and the final sample are 78 companies. The method used in study is a partial least square (PLS). The result show that intellectual capital have a positive and significant effect to company profitability while variable ownership structure have a negative and significant effect to company profitability. However, variable firm size has no effect on the company profitability. These result indicate that there is some influence of the eksogen variable on the endogen variable are weak, it indicates there are other factors that can effect the dependent variable in this study, for the future researcher, it can be used as a reference in the development of research
Key words : intellectual capital, ownership structure, firm size, and company profitability


Modern society is increasingly permeated by realities parallel to the real one. The so-called virtual reality is now part of both current habits and many activities carried out during the day. Virtual reality (VR) is, in turn, related to the concept of augmented reality (AR). It represents a technology still in solid expansion but which was created and imagined several decades ago. This paper presents an overview of augmented reality, starting from its conception, passing through its main applications, and providing essential information. Part of the article will be devoted to hardware and software components used in AR systems. The last part of the paper highlights the limitations related to the design of these systems, the shortcomings in this area, and the possible future fields of application of this extraordinary technological innovation.


In marine plankton, the patterns of seasonal succession and free amino acid composition reveal several features in common. Fret amino acid levels are generally higher in summer than in winter communities: major changes occur during periods of community change in late spring and early winter, These levels also appear to be an index of physiological condition and productive capacity. The variations arc quantitative in terms of concentration per unit tissue weight; relative compositions are the same in both the summer and the winter dominant copepods ( Acartia tonsa and Acartia clausi). Factor analysis reveals an extremely high degree of intercorrelation within the free amino acid pools. The phytoplankton-microzooplankton, consisting primarily of diatoms and larval crustaceans in varying proportions, has greater consistency of quantitative change (one amino acid in relation to all others) than does the zooplankton. Furthermore, the amino acid communality of an estuarine phytoplankton-microzooplankton community is surprisingly high.


I commend the authors and the Journal for publishing Clinical Review 161 on the endocrine treatment of transsexual people (1). Despite the central role the endocrinologist plays in the management of these patients, there are few clinical studies or publications by the endocrine community focusing on this area. This is well reflected by the range of hormonal preparations and dosages used by different centers specializing in the treatment of transsexual people (1). Most of these clinical regimens and protocols are empiric and have not been compared or tested in a controlled and rigorous manner. This leaves the clinical endocrinologist with the responsibility of integrating recommendations from the various centers. Moore et al. (1) embarked on this difficult task and have drawn general guidelines of their own but pointed to the need for randomized clinical trials. I would like to comment on some of the issues dealt with by the authors: 1) Asscheman et al. (2) have reported an incidence of thromboembolic episodes of 2.1% in male-to-female (M3F) patients less than 40 yr of age and in 12% of M3F patients above 40 yr of age under estrogen therapy. This led them to recommend transdermal estrogen administration to subjects over age 40 yr. In a subsequent analysis of 816 M3F transsexuals, the same group reported a substantial decrease in the incidence of thromboembolic events, which could be attributed to their change in clinical practice (3). Because the risk of this severe complication is also significant in younger patients, I would propose the use of transdermal preparations as the first-choice estrogen treatment for all age groups. 2) Hyperprolactinemia is a common finding in M3F transsexual patients, and its degree is positively correlated with the dosage of estrogen (3). Nevertheless, the incidence of prolactinoma is extremely low and probably does not warrant the routine performance of visual field assessment during follow-up, as recommended by the authors (1). Prolactin levels should, in my view, be measured at the initial visit before treatment to exclude the presence of a prolactinoma unrelated to the hormonal treatment. Subsequent prolactin measurements should suffice to detect clearly elevated levels that could raise the possibility of lactotroph hyperplasia, leading to estrogen dose adjustment. 3) Moore et al. (1) recommend assessment of bone mass in M3F transsexuals after surgical castration. Female-to-male (F3M) transsexuals are also at risk for osteoporosis. It has been shown that in the M3F population, estrogen treatment prevented bone loss after testosterone deprivation, whereas in the F3M group, testosterone treatment was in general unable to prevent the decrease in bone mass associated with the decline of serum estradiol levels (4). Furthermore, the change in bone mineral density correlated inversely with serum gonadotrophin levels. High LH levels appeared to be the best predictor of bone loss and reflected hormone undertreatment (4). Therefore, it would be wise to recommend performance of densitometry studies for F3M subjects as well and to incorporate measurements of LH to the other variables to be tested during the follow-up of these patients. 4) Endometrial hyperplasia is a serious concern in testosteronetreated F3M transsexuals. Consequently, periodic uterine sonography, which can be performed through the abdominal wall if technically feasible, is advised until hysterectomy is performed. On the other hand, pelvic exams are very demanding for these patients from the psychological point of view. Because most of them do not have sexual contact that involves intercourse, the performance of routine Pap smears, as recommended, is probably not necessary, based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force for screening for cervical cancer (5). 5) Preservation of fertility is an important issue that should be discussed with patients. Freezing and storage of sperm should be proposed to M3F transsexuals before hormone therapy is initiated. In conclusion, much improvement is needed in the quality of treatment that transsexual people receive, together with an empathic and supportive approach that these patients require.


This paper describes a simulation model combining the main components of water balance and growth of perennial grassland steppe in Chilean Patagonia, to estimate long-term annual production (Yr, kg ha -1 ) and sheep carrying capacity (GC, sheep equivalent [EO] ha -1 ). The model is based on climate-water balance relationships, where the basic process is evapotranspiration. The model calculates Yr depending on the accumulation of transpiration and the water use efficiency from the time of growth initiation until the grassland accumulates the maximum amount of dry matter (DM). Depending on Yr, the DM requirement of EO, the proper use factor of grassland and a slope correction factor, a range site GC is calculated. Simulations were performed using actual climate data sets of eight growing seasons at Kampenaike (52o41' S; 70°54' W; 12 m.a.s.l.) and a long-term simulation in the same location, using a stochastic weather variables generator. Through the model it was possible to estimate the water loss associated with the components of water balance and estimate the restriction imposed by water deficit on Yr. By simulating many years, it was possible to establish a normal distribution of GC with 0.629 EO ha -1 yr -1 , associated with 80% probability of being exceeded, which is lower than values reported in field assessments. This method calculates GC with a conservational approach, taking into account soil and climatic variability in semiarid ecosystems.


This contribution is framed on the theory and current anthropology of the senses, and in particular, tries to explore the sense of taste —the sensual taste— in the urban culture of Veracruz, Mexico. The article is an ethnographic study about the place that rhetorics and practices, related to food and sex, have in the society and social imagination from Veracruz. For this purpose, I take as reference my fieldwork during the 90s in this city. Stories and discourses are analyzed in an approach to understand the singular and hegemonic "cosmo-tasting" among the people from Veracruz. I focus my analysis on sociability, gastronomy and sexuality that engage the senses in veracruzan daily life. In particular, I study the sensory as identity rhetoric, the veracruzan meals as cultural world maps, the ambigu taste, the compound pleasure and the libertine taste from veracruzan males. Finally, I identify the main categories of morphological Veracruzan taste


In present work,variation of open circuit potential of niobium steel and carbon steel in seawater at ambient temperature with time was studied.The AC impedance spectra of the interface between steels and the seawater by different time were measured.The results show that:(1)The charge transfer resistances of niobium steels in sea water exhibited a tendency to become higher and higher with time,which implied that corrosion products of niobium steel were much compact than those of carbon steel;(2)The corrosion potential of niobium steel increased gradually with increasing corrosion period,while carbon steel remained constant.Therefore the corrosion resistance of the niobium micro-alloyed steel is better than that of the carbon steel.


It was only used for the special gatherings to taste the fruit of the harvest. The pot was made of dark clay and decorated with intricate light-blue lines. Each line, the elders explained, told a story. And in those gatherings everything was solved—the hurricane was tamed and the absence of rain was given a name and the dead were given a meaning. The pot was eventually broken. For decades people tried to remake it: they used dark clay and light-blue paints, they dug deeper than a goldmine for the right consistency; they even used twigs, sackcloth and diamonds; they even stole old pots from museums. They failed. The hurricane lifted cows off the ?elds, the drought parched the soul, the dead were meaningless. The new pots were wonderful to look at.


Plants are often exposed to abiotic stresses such as salinity, which represents a barrier to the cultivation of agricultural species mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this studs was to evaluate the development of four saccharine sorghum genotypes for tolerance to different levels of salinity. For this, an experiment was conducted in a 1 Doutoranda em Agronomia/Fitotecnia, UFC, CEP: 60455-760. Fortaleza, Ceará. Fone: (85) 98752-5717. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Doutorando(a) em Agronomia/Fitotecnia, UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará. 3 Mestrando em Engenharia Agrícola, UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará. 4 Prof. Doutor, Depto de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará. 5 Prof. Doutor, Depto de Engenharia Agrícola, UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará. M. L. S Silva et al. greenhouse using a randomize block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five salt concentrations in the irrigation water of 0.5 (control), 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 dS mand four saccharine sorghum genotypes (CSF 11, CSF 15, P 76 and P 298), with five replicates. The plants were evaluated for dry matter production, leaf area, height, stem diameter, gas exchange and relative chlorophyll content. The growth and gas exchange measurements of sorghum plants were significantly affected by saline stress. The genotypes CSF11 and CSF15 were the ones that presented smaller reductions in growth and the genotype P 298 showed bigger reductions. Considering the results obtained, we can classify the genotype CSF 11 as the most tolerant to saline stress, whereas the genotype P 298 showed to be the cultivar most sensitive to the salinity conditions.


With windows QTL cartographer v2.0,Quantitative trait loci for maize ear length under two nitrogen levels were mapped on to the SSR molecular marker linkage map by using maize RIL population derived from a cross between Mo17 and huangzaosi.One QTL for ear length on chromosome 1 were detected at high N level,four QTLs for ear length,two on chromosome 1 and the others on chromosome 5 were identified at low N level.The interaction between N levels and QTLs for maize ear length was therefore suggested.Based on this interaction and different respose to low N stress between two parents,it was supposed that some QTLs only detected at low N level might be related with the ability of maize to tolerate low N stress.


DC and AC electricity charge EVs at the charging station. DC charges quickly, but AC charges slowly. The microgrid has few AC loads but lots of DC quick charging. High harmonic current from several AC and DC conversions will increase power usage and decrease microgrid solidity and richness. Hence, the traditional hybrid AC/DC microgrid that mainly relies on an AC microgrid fails in such conditions. Charging stations powered by a hybrid microgrid may help regulate power flow and reduce transmission losses in today's power grid. Nevertheless, when battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are charged without coordination with the hybrid microgrid, the associated renewable energy sources are not used to their full potential. In addition, a multiport charging facility is part of the growth of new charging stations that is expected to strain the power grid. Our unique hybrid microgrid system for electric car charging stations is proposed as a solution to these problems. To better accommodate electric vehicles (EVs) on the grid, this research proposes and evaluates a novel form of photovoltaics (PV) hybrid DC/AC microgrid for EV charging stations. Components of the proposed model include renewable energy sources, a diesel generator, a PV model, storage devices, linear loads, and non-linear loads (RESs). The effectiveness of the suggested model for electrical car charging stations is shown by the simulation results.


Techniques for determining the properties of bubbles in bubble columns. Three different methods for the determination of bubble size parameters namely (i) flash-photography followed by image analysis, (ii) use of a conductivity probe with two electrodes and electronic processing of the signals, and (iii) the electro-optical probe with the same signal processing as the conductivity probe are compared and contrasted from the viewpoint of their optimal use, their accuracy, and their scope of application.


In his On the Duties of Man and Citizen, seventeenth century natural law theorist Samuel Pufendorf argues that the source of obligation lies in 'the command of a superior'. This so-called 'voluntarist' position was famously criticized by the 'rationalist' Gottfried Leibniz. However, I wish to highlight several neglected aspects of the debate. Leibniz implicitly proposes a solution to a central moral problem: how one can be obligated voluntarily. His answer reflects a sort of motivational internalism, whereby the ideas of justice provide some motive cause of action, and virtue provides the rest. In this way, the agent acts voluntarily by making the principles of justice the principles of her action. Secondly, I show how this argument for the principles depends implicitly on his 'science of right', established in his earliest writings on jurisprudence. These principles are constituent of the nature of rational substance. It then becomes clear that Leibniz had long developed a foundation for self-governance, similar to Kantian autonomy, consisting in the agent's internal moral power to act (jus) and moral necessity to act (obligation). These points are exposed through a close reading of Leibniz's criticisms of Pufendorf on the end, object and efficient cause of natural law.


Many methods exist to quantify the deformation of bodies under stress. Strain gauges and extensometers are commonly used to provide a measure of average displacement but they are unable to provide data on microstructural deformation. Several high-resolution non-contact optical techniques exist that are more sutable and these have previously been applied to PBXs . The PBX of interest is formed from HMX and ~1% nitrocellulose (NC) which is swollen with an organic plasticiser to form a gelatinous binder. The inherent mobility of the plasticiser has precluded the adhering of a phase-grating to the PBX surface, this being required for the use of optical Moiré interferometry, as used with other PBX compositions. This paper reports the successful application of Digital Image Cross Correlation, a non-contacting imaging technique, to the study of the PBX microstructure and reviews the results from Brazilian mechanical testing.


The role of fat in the human organism may be considered as material, esthetic, and psychic. The first may be physiologic, pathologic, or economic in its aspect; the second may mark the difference between the rounded anatomic contour, displaying at its best the human form divine, the beauteous Venus, the plump Cupid, and the haggard ugliness shown in emaciation, or in the stage of the "shrunk shank" and "the lean and slippered pantaloon." The psychic manifests its influence over the temperament and disposition from earliest infancy throughout life, and I shall endeavor to prove that in this particular the role of fat has not received sufficient consideration. Protein, that prolific source of animal energy and vigor, needs no advocate to plead its rights, for by its very nature the protein content will always command a liberal share of attention. Fat, however, is often unappreciated, often misunderstood, and more often unjustly


Multigrid method and acceleration by conjugate gradient method for first-order system least squares (FOSLS) using bilinear finite elements are developed for various boundary value problems of planar linear elasticity. They are two-stage algorithms that first solve for the displacement flux variable, then for the displacement itself. This paper focuses on solving for the displacement flux variable only. Numerical results show that the convergence is uniform even as the material becomes nearly incompressible. Computations for convergence factors and discretization errors are included. Heuristic arguments to improve the convergences are discussed as well.


11606Background: PD-1, PD-L1 and B7-H3 are co-signaling molecules involved in CA immunology. There are limited data on expression of these molecules in HIV-infected (HIV+) lung CA pts and these pts...


The incidence of brain tumours has increased in recent years. They represent the second most common cause of death attributable to neurological conditions. Although expansive brain lesions often lead to observation by Neurology or Neurosurgery, it is not uncommon for psychiatric symptoms to be the reason for initial contact with medical care. Brain tumours may present as symptomatology similar to the so-called primary, or functional, psychiatric disorders. However, in contrast to psychiatric disease in other types of cancer, where adjustment disorders predominate, organic syndromes are the most frequent diagnosis in patients with CNS tumours. Anatomic location represents one of several factors that contribute to the nature and severity of psychiatric conditions. Tumours of the frontal lobe are more frequently associated with changes in executive function, amotivational syndrome and personality changes. Temporal tumours can trigger psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. The treatment of the symptomatology will essentially involve removal of the lesion whenever possible. Nevertheless, symptomatic treatment of psychiatric manifestations should always take place. Psychopharmacology, psychotherapy and psychoeducation of caregivers are the best modes of treatment.


Open Educational Resources (OER) are freely accessible, openly licensed documents and media that are useful for teaching, learning, research, and assessing. OER are usually conceptualized as Learning Objects (LO). While there is a big abundance of OER available today, finding, querying, and integrating/interlinking these resources, to say the least, is difficult. On the other hand, Linked Data is a mechanism to tackle the issues related to publishing and to exploring data on the Internet. Linked Data allows a person or machine to explore the Web of Data. In the last years, many efforts have been carried out using Linked Data in different domains. However, Linked Data has not been used extensively to publish and explore OER. In this paper, we review the current status of use of Linked Data to manage OER and we propose the use of Linked Data to enhance the use of OER. Linked Data offers a mechanism where OER can be most easily found to use, reuse, sharing and remix.


This study explored 316 EFL college students' out-of-class English learning activities, learning difficulties, and the relationships between genders, grades, weekly hours of independent English study, and English learning activities. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) More than 51% of the students write emails in English, read English news online, study English online, and watch English movies to learn English. (2) Most students study English for future career and for personal interest. (3) Most students believe that their reading abilities are better than listening, speaking, and writing ones. (4) Writing is the most difficult language skill for EFL college students. (5) Limited vocabulary is students' major problem in improving four language skills. (6) EFL college students tend to tackle their learning difficulties by using self-learning magazines and asking for English teachers' help. (7) Students with higher entrance exam scores tend to spend more time in out-of-class English learning. (8) Gender and learning activities are not closely related, except that more male than female students write email in English. (9) Students' English scores and their learning activities (i.e., email writing, listening to ICRT, reading English magazines, reading news online, watching movies, and studying English online) are related. (10) Learning activities and time spent are not closely tied.


In order to assess the efficacy of high‐dose irradiation to the posterior fossa and low‐dose irradiation to the spinal axis, we reviewed the results of 60 patients with biopsy‐proven medulloblastoma treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy (JCRT) between 1968 and 1984. The 5‐ and 10‐year actuarial survival rates for all patients were 68% and 44%, respectively. The median time to recurrence was 19 months. Extent of surgery, age, and radiation dose to the posterior fossa all were of prognostic value. Complete or subtotal gross resection appeared to be a favorable prognostic indicator compared with biopsy only (P < 0.05), with a 69% versus 40% actuarial survival rate at 5 years, respectively. Infants 2 years of age or less had a diminished 5‐year actuarial survival rate of 48% (P < 0.05) compared with older age groups. The posterior fossa was the predominant site of recurrence and accounted for 78% of all failures. Local control in the posterior fossa was dose dependent. Seventy‐nine percent of the tumors that received 5000 cGy or greater were controlled versus only 33% of the tumors that received less than 5000 cGy (P < 0.02). There were no supratentorial failures, and there was only one isolated spinal cord failure. There were no solitary spinal failures in 24 patients who received a median dose of only 2400 cGy to the spinal axis. We concluded that low‐dose irradiation to the spine and whole brain may be indicated with maintenance of a posterior fossa dose of greater than 5000 cGy.


The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) consists of a large number of 12 m diameter antennas that will operate up to 950GHz. The mechanical performances in terms of surface accuracy, pointing stability and residual delay are very tight. The antennas must work at full performances in free air during night and day with also the request to observe the sun. The mechanical performances are affected by all the not repeatable error sources and in particular by the temperature variations and wind component blowing from different directions. The design of the antenna has been done in order to have a very light and stiff structure, in particular all the elevation structure is in carbon fibre with also a very low thermal expansion coefficient, but to achieve the ALMA specification, two different systems able to predict the above error sources have been implemented in the control of the antenna. The first system is composed by a determined number of thermal sensors distributed in the alidade of the antenna (is the only part in steel ) and compensates the elevation axis deformation due to the temperature variation by means of a deformation matrix. The second system is based on two high accuracy inclinometers with a very short recovery time opportunely placed on the antenna and correct the wind induced errors. These innovative systems and instruments have been design and tested in the prototype antenna to the production phase.


Fiscal fatigue may lead a country to stop adjusting when debt continues rising in spite of a prolonged fiscal adjustment. Once fiscal fatigue sets in, the country may stop adjusting, thus compromising debt sustainability. However, the absence of sufficient adjustment may be the consequence of governments implementing delayed adjustment as a result of the domestic policy-making process. This paper investigates the factors that will lead to delayed adjustment instead of fiscal fatigue in the face of rising debt. Strong institutions and underlying macroeconomic conditions can be useful in averting the fiscal fatigue, and lead to an improvement in the fiscal balance once the debt limit has been reached.


Learning Objectives Learn how an employee wellness program was developed to impact cardiovascular health risks with $5,500 program start up funding. Learn how expanding the application of an existing employee health risk reduction program can substitute for developing a separate and potentially expensive new program. Observe participant health measurements and possible health risk improvements.


Today, the vast amount of inforamtion preserved in and available through public libraries, private associations, electronic databases, photo archives, museums, and special collections makes ready information retrieval a problem. Now here is a veritable "Yellow Pages" of the best book, periodical, electronic, public and private information resources.