Eu:CROPIS (Euglena Combined Regenerative Organic Food Production In Space) is the first mission of DLR's Compact Satellite program. The Compact Satellite is a small, highly customizable and high performance satellite bus, providing a platform for scientific research as well as for demonstration of innovative concepts in space tech-nology. The launch of Eu:CROPIS onboard a Falcon 9 is scheduled in Q4 2018 within Spaceflight Industries SSO-A mission. The name-giving primary payload features a biological experiment in the context of coupled life support systems. The stability of such kind of a system shall be proven under different gravity levels with a focus on long term operations. In this context the rotation of the spacecraft will be used to utilize simulated gravity for the first time.
A further biological experiment dealing with synthetic biology comprising genetically modified organisms (GMOs) was provided by NASA Ames Research Center as secondary payload.

The integration and acceptance of a satellite flight model containing biological experiments faces constraints regard-ing schedule, facility certification and process definition. The driving parameters for the Eu:CROPIS AIV campaign are the degradation time of chemicals stored inside the primary payload, the GMOs used in the secondary payload, which cause handling and transport restrictions due to biosafety regulations, as well as schedule constraints due to the chosen dedicated rideshare mission. Furthermore the development of a spin stabilized system for gravity simula-tion had impact on the overall verification approach, especially towards the attitude control subsystem.

This paper describes the model and verification strategies to design and build the spacecraft under said constraints. The applied verification processes comprises the hardware, software as well as all third party payloads and focuses on the utilization of a flexible tabletop engineering model approach. To achieve a smooth transition to project phase E, this concept enables co-alignment of the ground segment development and verification with spacecraft AIV as of early phase C. Furthermore scientific projects like Eu:CROPIS, with small project teams and financial budgets, en-counter few personnel redundancy. The existing structural organization gets confronted with challenges where de-pendability, testability and safety of the processes and the product are expected to be achieved with minimal effort. The paper presents how the technical management adapts work flows, cooperation and tools in project phases C and D to achieve a reliable system realization.


Housing is a part of man's total environment and hence it is to some extent responsible for the status of his health and well-being. The residential environment may affect man's physical health by influencing the transmission of communicable diseases, by not fulfilling his physiological needs, or by causing injury. Although approximately 60% of the U. S. population is currently covered by an adopted local or state housing code, it has been estimated that 16 to 20 million of the some 70 million dwelling units in the United States are so far below standard they should be replaced. To cope with environmental problems related to housing and to protect the health of the nation's citizens, health agencies must accept the role of either stimulating or carrying out the four kinds of governmental action set forth below: (a) adoption of minimum health standards in housing; (b) conduct a program to achieve and maintain such standards; (c) conduct periodic evaluation of the standards to ensure their current adequacy;...


Volumetric region growing methods are usually used to extract volumetric region of interesting (VROI) from volume data. A volumetric region growing algorithm based on Fisher Distance (FD) is proposed in this paper. In order to reduce the effect of noise and strengthen the feature of volumetric region, and also to shift the anisotropic volume data to the isotropic, the preprocessing for volume data including 3D median filtering and interpolation is taken. The Fisher Distance (FD) is taken as the criteria to judge the growing condition. Furthermore, the formula for solving gray level standard deviations in FD is transformed to speed up the computation. Simulation results show that the volumetric region growing algorithm is not inferior to 2D region growing, while it has the superiority of saving time and reducing operation.


At the University of Huddersfield the acquisition of skills and underpinning
knowledge through simulation has been firmly embedded into the pre-registration
nursing curriculum. This workshop will provide a summary of a pilot project
on student evaluation, and the outcomes from a phenomenological study
involving final year nursing students' experiences of simulation throughout the
curriculum. Simulation took several differing approaches in order to maximize
learning opportunities and provide innovative assessment strategies


This article explores the culture of servitude of Kolkata's (formerly Calcutta) respectable classes against the backdrop of their project of modernity. In societies with long and unbroken histories of domestic servitude such as India, the institution is central to understanding self and society. The relations of paid domestic work are intimately tied to the self-conscious evolution of a modern Indian elite. We highlight three premises with origins in pre-independence Kolkata which continue to shape its culture of servitude today: first, servants are essential to a well-run and well-kept household; second, servants are 'part of the family' and bound to it by ties of affection, loyalty, and dependence; and third, servants comprise a category with distinctive lifestyles, desires and habits. Yet at the close of the 20th century, this culture of servitude is no longer hegemonic. The first premise sits uncomfortably with contemporary notions of privacy and ideologies of the nuclear family, especially in the more confined space of the apartment. The second is complicated by the entrance of capitalist and corporate discourses about employers and employees. The third is challenged daily in a political culture where democratizing discourses circulate in both state and civil society.


Writing in the middle of the last century, Albert Camus brilliantly illustrated that, in times of plague, no shortage exists of those who confidently proffer nostrums, no matter how spurious. The Plague1 also depicted how quickly, when crises abate, memory fades.


COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world globally. To prevent and reduce the virus from spreading, many countries have implemented lockdown, including Malaysia. Restrictions on people movements include social distancing and virtual working. These have impacted the construction industry because it needs real-time inspections at the site and on-site work. The negative impacts on construction projects during lockdowns such as project delay, lack of raw material, shortage of labour, and loss of income would increase the probability of implementations on remote working, Artificial Intelligence, increase in Force Majeure Claims, and requirement of the local worker to face against COVID-19 situation in the new norm. Therefore, this research is essential to be explored to obtain more details about the current construction industry: the impacts of pandemic COVID-19 on construction projects in Malaysia and the prospects of construction projects post COVID-19 as mitigation strategies to survive this pandemic. This pilot study was conducted in Klang Valley (Selangor and Kuala Lumpur). The respondents were directly involved in the projects, i.e., project managers, engineers, and site supervisors. The sample population was registered for construction projects in 2020, obtained from Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB). Collected data from the questionnaire were analysed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS). Consequentially, the results of this research will benefit Malaysia's construction industry in justifying the impacts of COVID-19 on construction projects. Hence, offering alternatives to sustain and prepare the construction industry with unexpected circumstances that could happen during this unprecedented pandemic.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Mixing Behavior of a Molecular Acceptor and Polymeric Donors in Organic Solar Cell Blends M.A. BRADY, N.D. TREAT, L.A. PEREZ, J.E. COCHRAN, UCSB, M.F. TONEY, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, C.J. HAWKER, M.L. CHABINYC, E.J. KRAMER, UCSB — Organic photovoltaics represent potentially low-cost, solution-processable materials for sustainable energy generation. The concept of a bulk heterojunction relies on the belief that separated domains of donor and acceptor exist to maximize interfacial area for exciton dissociation, while pathways are retained for charge transport to each electrode. Although phase-pure domains are believed to exist due to phase separation of acceptor (PCBM) and donor (P3HT) components, our results suggest otherwise. In this work, the rapid interdiffusion of PCBM and P3HT is investigated using dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry and grazing-incidence wide angle X-ray scattering, illustrating the significant miscibility of PCBM within P3HT amorphous regions, especially at temperatures (150 ◦C) at which devices are often annealed to improve performance. The solubility of PCBM in the P3HT-rich phase decreases at lower temperatures. This mixing behavior is contrasted with that of PCBM with PBTTT, a poly(thiophene) of reduced side chain density. Michael Brady University of California, Santa Barbara Date submitted: 03 Jan 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


In this article, a dual‐wideband filtering power divider is proposed by using a center‐fed three‐line coupled structure with three open stubs and two isolation resistors. The center‐fed three‐line coupled structure can generate two wide passbands separated by a transmission zero (TZ). The three open stubs can achieve four TZs around the two passbands, which is conducive to the frequency selectivity. Compared with the reported designs, the bandwidth is extended and the performance of isolation, insertion loss and circuit size can reach balance. The proposed design is implemented with size of 0.22 λg × 0.39 λg (λg is the guided wavelength at the center frequency of the lower passband) which exhibits the 3‐dB fractional bandwidths of 56.5%/24.27% and the insertion loss of 0.51/0.68 dB at the center frequency of two passband (f1/ f2) of 1.94/4.2 GHz, while the isolation at f1/f2 are higher than 22.5/20.1 dB.


Group transfer polymerization (GTP) monomer (acrylonitrile)was reported.It has very high GTP activity and an explosive polmerizationcan be observed.A detail description for acrylonitrle GTP was given.Becauseacrylonitrile is no a good solvent for poyacrylonitrile,bulk polymerization isa precipitation polymerization and difficult to conduct the plymerization heat.An explosive reaction happens in bulk polymerization.But it can be controlledby N,N-dimethylformamide solvent in solution polymerization.lf solvent vol-ume is no less than monomer volume,this solution polymerization is a ho-mogeneous polymerization and the explosive polymerization can be avoided.


Ultra dense cellular networks (UDNs) are concerned in this paper, which employ Macro-Diversity- Coordinated Multipoint (MD-CoMP) to deal with the serious inter-cell interference. Considering the constraints of inter-cell resource allocation posed by CoMP and the difference of load in each cell, a joint clustering and inter-cell resource allocation is necessary. To achieve a feasible solution, the joint optimization is approximated by two sub-problems, i.e. clustering based on load information using game theory and inter-cell resource allocation based graph-coloring algorithms. Thus a two-step joint clustering and scheduling (TS-JCS) scheme is proposed. Simulation results illustrate that TS-JCS has the capability to jointly consider clustering with the requirements on resources. Compared to No-CoMP and the comparing scheme without consideration of resource allocation, TS-JCS can significantly improve the system performance, demonstrating the necessity and superiority of joint CoMP clustering and inter-cell resource allocation.


The integration experiment simulation system of Pharmaceutical Engineering,taking erythromycin fermentation preparation of raw materials as a starting point,the chemical synthesis of its derivatives,erythromycin ethylsuccinate raw materials,preparation of erythromycin ethylsuccinate capsules,tablets and other dosage forms,and then to the finished product quality testing and pharmacological experimental simulation,and the entire operation process basing on the pharmaceuticalproduction line,is a practical and systematic highly experimental simulation system.


Speed of transformation and simplicity of implementation are one of the key contributors in permutation researches. The paper reviews the implementation of arbitrary bitness permutation in the field of computer engineering on one of the classes of combination structures of linear complexity from the number of variables –one-dimensional cascades of structural units.The fact that the reflectionformed by the specified linear structure is completely the same asthe reflectionof the corresponding Mealyfinite state machine as a prototype of the structural module of the cascadeis used.This allowed us to explore the properties of structural units and the cascade as a whole in the context of the concepts of the theory of digital automata.The implementation of arbitrary bitnesspermutationsis based on usage of the connected graphs for state table and on usage of unique combinations without repeats for each row of output table. The purpose of this permutation is to convert large volumes of data in fastand simplewayusing hardware or software with the ability to be used in multiple areas of researches. The study of providing the bijectivity of the reflection and the equivalence analysis of permutations was performed. The algorithm of constructionof finite-statemachines for implementationof direct and invertedpermutationsis shown, as well as examples ofstateand outputtablesconstruction. Examplesofhardware implementationusingfield-programmable gate arraysare given. The sizeof stateand output tables for the software implementation is estimated. The number of unique bijective reflections and amount of key information for the investigated permutation in cryptographic transformations has been estimated. The theoretical speed of transformations of the bijective reflection is estimated for both field-programmable gate arrays and software implementation according to the modern indicators of types of computing devices memory speed. The practicalverification of processingspeed is made with software implementation. Areas of application of the investigatedarbitrary bitnesspermutation are proposed.


— This study introduces distributed energy resources (DERs) to the optimal aggregation and pricing scheme developed by Patel et al. (2013) to group residential electric customers according to their cost-to-serve in wholesale electricity markets [1]. The bisection algorithm used in Patel et al. (2013) was applied to several use cases of distributed solar and/or storage considering various ownership structures and deployment strategies. Utility management of solar and/or storage resources results in a lower total cost of procurement than the deployment of the resource at the customer level for demand charge management and energy arbitrage. The average cost to serve customer groups of all sizes decreases significantly when customers have access to both solar and storage compared to either solar or storage alone.


Abstract: The structural and the harmonic vibrational frequency analyses of (E)-N'-(3, 4 dimethoxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (DMBINH) were carried out at the hybrid density-functional method (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). The recorded FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of (DMBINH) in the mid-IR region in the solid phase have been weighed against those of the theoretically computed frequencies. The electronic properties such as HOMO-LUMO.


Financing Agreement (Second Multisectoral HIV/AIDS Project) between the Republic of Burundi and the International Development Association (with schedules, appendix and International Development Association General Conditions for Credits and Grants, dated 1 July 2005, as amended through 15 October 2006). Bujumbura, 16 July 2008


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mountable-demountable rechargeable battery on which charging and maintenance can be performed in a proper period. SOLUTION: A memory 40 to store its condition information is arranged in a battery 30 to operate an electronic device 80 such as a cardiac defibrillator. When a battery support device 20 detects an error condition of the battery, error data is inputted to a mail box 50 arranged in the memory of the battery. When the other electronic device or the battery support device (or this electronic device itself, later on) is connected to this battery, proper processing can be performed by reading the error data in the mail box. Since an ID is imparted to the battery, it is effective in an operational environment in which the battery, the battery support device and the electronic device do not correspond one to one to each other.


The effect of Cd and Pb on the germination and growth of Z..elegans Jacq.was studied in the paper.The results showed that the germination of seeds was inhabited with the increasing of Cd and Pb in the soil.The chlorophyll content and the content of MDA were decreased obviously with the increasing of concentration of Cd and Pb.The concentration of Cd in the plant reached a maximum when the concentration of Cd in soil was 100mg/kg.And the concentration of Pb absorbed by the plant reached a maximum when the concentration of Pb in soil was 1000mg/kg.


Smart metering systems require an early awareness of their massive implications with data protection and privacy issues. Consideration from the outset enables the development of special architectures designed for privacy, which may decisively reduce privacy risks.The requirement for the obligatory consent of consumers to the installation of smart meters should be avoided, since it threatens the goals—improvements in energy and cost efficiency as well as consumer information—of the new technology.The collection and processing of the detailed consumption data of consumers could be based on various other legal foundations, of which the existence of a specific and valid legal obligation is the most favourable and firmly based as far as it reasonably balances the needs of the utility providers and the privacy rights of the consumers.Consumer's privacy rights may not be overridden, since their positive acceptance of and active use and involvement in the new technology are key concerns and parameters for achieving its very creditable goals.


Abstract : The program centers on a study of the mechanical properties of particulate metal-base composites. New processing techniques, principally through powder metallurgy processing, have been developed for attainment of ultrafine structures in particulate composites. Some of the discoveries made on the program are: materials with high 'threshold stresses' for creep; high specific modulus materials with isotropic properties; superplastic white cast irons, and enhanced densification of powders through phase transformation cycling.


Recent developments in research into superconductivity in organic materials are reviewed. In the epoch-defining quasi-one-dimensional TMTSF superconductors with T c ∼1 K, T c decreases monotonically with increasing pressure, as do signatures of spin fluctuations in the normal state, providing good evidence for magnetically-mediated pairing. Upper critical fields exceed the Zeeman-limiting field by several times, suggesting triplet pairing or a transition to an inhomogeneous superconducting state at high magnetic fields, while triplet pairing is ruled out at low fields by NMR Knight-shift measurements. Evidence for a spatially inhomogeneous superconducting state, Fulde–Ferrel–Larkin–Ovchinnikov state, which has long been sought in various superconducting systems, is now captured by thermodynamic and transport measurements for clean and highly two-dimensional BEDT-TTF and BETS superconductors. Some of the layered superconductors also serve as model systems for Mott physics on anisotropic triangular lattice....


Objective: The second leading cause of blindness worldwide, glaucoma, occasionally requires surgical procedure for control. Given that Brazil has an Unified Health System (SUS) and a political-economic crisis in 2016, we aim to evaluate the financial impact on the therapeutic decision of glaucoma in the last 6 years in Brazil, and to consider the current discussion about early interventionist indication in its therapeutic algorithm. Methods: Ecological study of the Brazilian population, based on the SUS Hospital Information System, evaluating the temporal behavior of SUS surgical procedures on glaucoma treatment, and dollar variation as influencing the temporal trend on the procedures. Simple Linear Regression analysis was performed, with statistical significance of P <0.05. Results: Between 2013 and 2018, 24888 individuals were hospitalized for glaucoma, male prevalence (51.68%), whites (32.57%) and elderly (57.84%). Southeast (45.61%) and Northeast (26.36%) Regions with the largest number of hospitalizations, and Trabeculectomy (84.18%) being the main procedure performed. There was an association of trabeculectomy and valve implantation, individually and linked, with dollar values in the Midwest ( β = 1.103 with P = 0.007 for Trabeculectomies and β = 1.105 with P = 0.012 for both procedures) and South ( β ). = 16,727 and P = 0,006 for Implants), and association between increased Implants in the South region and greater coverage in primary care ( β = 0.64 and P = 0.009). Conclusion: Non-dollar interference was observed, and increased procedures in the South and Midwest. The results corroborate an interventionist tendency and may be represented, possible, by the use of procedures provided by the SUS in an early manner.


(54%) related to research, while legislation and policy action accounted for 15% of recommendations. Ecological management and issues related to sustainable use each represented 7% of recommended actions, and capacity-building actions and education activities each accounted for 6%. Ex situ management recommendations represented 5% of suggested actions. Particular areas in the priority activities listed above where zoo and wildlife veterinarians can contribute include the following. RESEARCH We must continue to explore and investigate the world's biodiversity—this includes the full gamut from pure to applied research. Although this research emphasis was not unexpected, considering the recommendations were coming from SSC scientists, many of whom do research full time, it is true that we really know very little about the species we are trying to save. Research that has been recommended covers the range of study on freeranging animals, including status surveys, distribution, and interactions with other species in the ecosystem, and study on captive wildlife, including husbandry, nutrition, and reproductive research. In addition, this research needs to integrate the information from other disciplines beyond biology such as economics, sociology, and psychology. The results of the research are put to the test as the multisector management teams for free-ranging wildlife implement their recommendations. This role in conservation research has become particularly important in light of events in which disease threatened wildlife populations, such as the outbreak of canine distemper in the Serengeti or the recent die-off of vultures in India. Canine distemper virus caused an epidemic in Africa that affected lions, hyenas and bat-eared foxes. 10 Vulture die-offs


It was certainly received as such in the press. Newsweek reviewed it among a clutch of six novels that &dquo;use the handover of Hong Kong back to China as a dramatic backdrop to their narratives&dquo; (adding, &dquo;Sadly, none of these novels is particularly good&dquo;).' In the London Observer, &dquo;The handover to China is approaching and the story is what you might expect.&dquo;2 Kevin Kwong, a Hong Kong reviewer, said it was written &dquo;simply to cash


Chapter 2 asks the critical question of whether healthcare is different from other consumer-driven markets. In the past, many pushed back on the notion that healthcare could be a consumer-driven industry, arguing that it is fundamentally different from other markets. This chapter acknowledges and reviews these critiques, highlighting four areas that might present challenges to increasing consumer choice in healthcare: the special relationship between doctor and patient, ethics and morality, individual choice versus collective benefit, and the health consequences of consumer choice. In doing so, this chapter also presents a schematic for thinking about the different types of healthcare choices, arguing that not all choices are equal and consumers may be more prepared to make decisions in some areas as opposed to others. In presenting the counterargument to consumer choice, this chapter asks the reader to consider the drawbacks and potential limitations of consumer choice in healthcare.


Many tourist travel bureaus had made tourist / tour package. Actually, just few that succeed selling and operating tourist package professionally. That's failure one of them triggered by lack of planning matured in make tourist / tour package. In order to tourist package getting well/positive mat, then travel bureaus must considering tourist package processes production, doing steps in planning tourist package accurately and diligent, calculation of time also placing object and attraction tourist done effectively and efficiently.


A new general synthesis of o-(N-methylamino)-cinnamic acid, N-methyl-2-quinolone, and 3,4-dihydro-N-methyl-2-quinolone has been developed, which involves the sequential reaction of N-methylaniline with (i) t-butyl hypochlorite, (ii) ethyl 3-phenylthiopropionate, and (iii) sodium methoxide to produce the reactive intermediate o-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-phenylthioethyl)-N-methyl aniline, which is readily converted into the aforementioned products.


On 10 November 2014, the Italian Council of Ministers adopted legislative decree no. 163 implementing Directive 2012/28/EU on certain permitted uses of orphan works (i.e. works whose rightholders cannot be identified or located) by publicly accessible libraries, educational establishments and museums, as well as by archives, film or audio heritage institutions and public-service broadcasting organisations (see IRIS 2012-10/1).


The basic hydrolyses of some alkyl and aryl N-(4-nitrophenyl) carbamates in the presence of micelles of cetyl (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethylammonium bromide ( chedab )were studied. For compounds which react by the BAC2 mechanism, verysimilar results were obtained in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( ctab ) and in chedab micelles. However, for compounds which react by the E1cB mechanism, the intermediate p- nitrophenyl isocyanate was trapped by the hydroxy group of the functional micelle to form a new carbamate directly bound to the detergent molecules of the micelle. It was shown that this new carbamate decomposed by a BAC2 mechanism. p- Nitrophenyl isocyanate added to an alkaline solution of chedab gave N-(4-nitrophenyl)- carbamate ion. Thus, the isocyanate has to be generated within the micelle for trapping to occur. The rate of reaction of p-nitrophenyl isocyanate with OH-/H2O is faster than the rate of solubilization within the micelle.


Abstract Study Objectives While light therapy has proven effective in re-entraining circadian rhythms, the potential of such an intervention has not been evaluated systematically in post-comatose patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC), who often have strongly altered circadian rhythms. Methods We recorded skin temperature over 7–8 days in patients with DOC in each of two conditions: habitual light (HL), and dynamic daylight (DDL) condition. While patients were in a room with usual clinic lighting in the HL condition, they were in an otherwise comparable room with biodynamic lighting (i.e. higher illuminance and dynamic changes in spectral characteristics during the day) in the DDL condition. To detect rhythmicity in the patients' temperature data, we computed Lomb–Scargle periodograms and analyzed normalized power, and peak period. Furthermore, we computed interdaily stability and intradaily variability, which provide information about rhythm entrainment and fragmentation. Results We analyzed data from 17 patients with DOC (i.e. unresponsive wakefulness syndrome [n = 15] and minimally conscious state [n = 2]). The period length of the patients' temperature rhythms was closer to 24 h in the DDL as compared to the HL condition (median median deviation from 24 h: DDL = 0.52 h, HL = 3.62 h). Specifically, in 11/17 (65%) patients the period length was closer to 24 h in the DDL condition. Furthermore, the patients' rhythm was more pronounced, more stable, and less variable in the DDL condition. Conclusions Our results indicate that DDL stimulation entrains and stabilizes circadian rhythms. This highlights the importance of adequate room lighting as an adjunct therapeutic approach for improving circadian rhythms in severely brain-injured patients. Trial Registration Information German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00016041); registration: 18.01.2019; recording start: 04.06.2019 https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00016041


This manuscript describes the measurement of ozone uptake rates to probe the properties of shikimic acid particles under different humidity conditions in a controlled chamber. Linearized rate expressions for diffusion-limited and volume-limited consumption are fitted to apparent degradation rates of aromatic bonds lost through oxidation by ozone to determine the dominant mechanism for ozone uptake at high and low RH regimes. The decreased rate of uptake and lack of degradation in bulk-phase aromatic bonds at lower RH despite competing processes increasing organic molecule concentration and higher solubility of ozone in organic than aqueous phase are used to infer increased viscosity of the solution at low RH. This manuscript presents a novel application of a reactor coupled with STXM to semi-quantitatively study uptake mechanisms which elucidate particle-phase properties under high and low RH regimes. It is


The monotonicity of a function plays an important role in the general mathematics curriculum in Vietnam, because it is considered as an effective tool for solving mathematical problems involved with the monotonic intervals of functions, their extreme, absolute maximum value and absolute minimum value. Normally, students commit errors in solving these problems because of their complexity and difficulty. In addition, specific characteristics of knowledge also make children make mistakes. The sample consisted of 362 students, and they had the task of identifying errors in false assumptions. From the results of the survey, it was found that when dealing with the monotonicity of the functions, students were still misled. Article visualizations:


637Arbitration — Jurisdiction — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — General Declaration, Principle B — Interpretation of reference to "Majlis position" — Whether obligation to submit disputes to arbitration should be restrictively construed — Restrictions on capacity of representatives of Iran to bind Iran to Algiers Declarations Arbitration — Procedure — Preliminary hearing on jurisdiction — Requirement that respondents should have adequate time in which to prepare their case — Allegations that tribunal and its chairman displayed bias International tribunals — Iran-United States Claims Tribunal — Jurisdiction — Procedure Treaties — Validity — Specific restrictions upon competence of a State's representatives — Requirement of prior notification — Whether notoriety of national law restrictions constitutes sufficient notification — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969, Article 47 — Treaty obligation contrary to rule of national law of fundamental importance — Vienna Convention, Article 46


The invention provides a switching power supply control chip and an application circuit thereof. The switching power supply control chip comprises a modulator circuit, a constant-voltage loop unit, a comparison circuit, a ground pin, a power supply pin, a direct current output pin and a current signal detection pin, wherein the power supply pin is used for inputting a starting voltage or inputting the external supply voltage of the chip, the direct current output pin is used for outputting low-voltage direct current voltage and inputting the low-voltage direct current voltage as a sampling signal into the chip, and the current signal detection pin is used for detecting a current signal. According to the switching power supply control chip, the constant-voltage loop unit directly receives a voltage feedback signal from the power supply pin, the number of the pins of the switching power supply control chip is reduced to four, the production cost can be effectively lowered, the structure is applicable to TO92 type packaging, thereby further simplifying the packaging process, and beneficial to wide application of the application circuit of the switching power supply control chip.


The core of the paper is an analysis of the meaning of sociology in the USSR, as defined by the participants and outsiders alike. The review is based on the study of programmatic statements, the character of references in sociological writings, and available biographical information on their authors. All of these help to locate Soviet sociology within the intellectual enterprise in general and to establish whether it is actually a counterpart of what is called "sociology" in the West, or a different branch of intellectual activity which for some reason uses its name. Most of the findings are derived from an analysis of Sotsiogicheskie lssledovania (Sociological Research), the only specifically sociological journal in the USSR, published since 1974. These findings are compared with parallel observations on representative samples of the American Journal of Sociology and the American Sociological Review. The conclusion is that Soviet sociology, although it uses some of the methods of Western sociology, is an...


A great deal of attention is being focused on the effort of reducing fossil fuel use and emissions around the world, especially in large, crowded cities. Vehicle emissions are being held responsible for a great deal of the pollution problem in urban environments. In response to environmental problems, Lockheed Martin has produced a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) propulsion system that increases fuel economy while reducing the exhaust emissions of city transit buses. The HybriDrive propulsion system is being provided for transit bus companies to incorporate into their vehicles and sell throughout the United States and Canada. This paper provides an outline for the HybriDrive propulsion system by discussing the various components. It outlines some of the performance criteria as well as the benefits of the overall system. The electronic control of the system is also discussed in some detail to demonstrate the true flexibility of the system.


Background: Total abdominal hysterectomy is a major surgical procedure associated with significant post-operative pain, which arises from several traumatized structures during surgery. This study compares the analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) versus rectus sheath block (RSB) with 0.5% Bupivacaine in providing post-operative analgesia following Total Abdominal Hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical study was designed to determine the post-operative analgesic efficacy of TAPB versus RSB following total abdominal hysterectomy. A total of 60 patients posted for elective total abdominal hysterectomy assessed under ASA physical status 1 and 2 were randomly assigned to two groups. At the end of the surgery, 30 patients received TAPB, and the remaining 30 patients received RSB with 0.5% bupivacaine. All surgeries were done under spinal anesthesia. Visual analogue pain scores, heart rate, blood pressure and rescue analgesia were monitored at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours. Result: In the present study, it was observed that Visual analogue pain scores were less in the TAPB group when compared to the RSB group. Also, rescue analgesic requirement was less in the TAPB group compared to the RSB group. It was also observed that post-operative heart rate was less in the TAPB group compared to the RSB group. Conclusion: The present study concludes that TAPB provides better post-operative analgesia compared to RSB in terms of lower visual analogue pain scores, haemodynamic stability and lesser need for rescue analgesia.


This blog entry explores how Scottish attitudes to the two options vary according to national and party identity. They find that perceptions of national identity polarise assessments of Scotland's performance under independence more so than they do for DevoMax. Also, people's assessments of Scotland's future do not always match their actual constitutional preferences, suggesting that the referendum result is more uncertain than opinion polls may suggest.


It is important to analyze the intensity dependent action manners of differentiation associated genes in ES cell. For this purpose, single-cell injectoassay was performed by femto-injection method using a single-cell manipulation supporting robot. An Oct3/4 expression vector was introduced into mouse ES cell quantitatively and its effect was evaluated by a cell shape change indicator defined by the perimeter to radius ratio (PR ratio). In the cases of no injection control and the injection control, PR ratio was 7.3-8.0 until 72h. In contrast, when the vector concentration in the injector capillary was 300 ng/micro-L, the rate of differentiation was 33% (2/6). This rate further increased up to 86% (6/7) at 1200 ng/micro-L. These indicate the feasibility of the single-cell injectoassay.


The non-trivial ground-state vacuum fields of QCD form the foundation of matter. Using modern
visualisation techniques, this presentation examines the microscopic structure of these fields. Of
particular interest are the centre vortices identified within the ground-state fields of lattice
QCD. Our current focus is on understanding the manner in which dynamical fermions in the QCD
vacuum alter the centre-vortex structure. The impact of dynamical fermions is significant and
provides new insights into the role of centre vortices in underpinning both confinement and
dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in QCD.


Abstract : An induction plasmatron application for testing of thermal protection materials is discussed in presented paper on the basis of 35-years experience of Plasma Laboratory of IPM RAS. Metodology of testing of thermal protection materials in plasmatrons was based on simulation of hypersonic reentry heating near stagnation point using subsonic plasma jets, possibility to regulate pressure and flow enthalpy smoothly and independently of one another and the using of plasmatron's advantages such as purity of plasma flow, its high stability and reproducibility as well as wide ranges of realized pressure and heat flux. Purity of plasma flow allows to fulfill longterm aging tests (up to 100 15-minutes testing cycles for one sample) at excellent stability and reproducibility flow parameters. Conventional techniques of measurements and analysis such as pyrometry, SEM etc. are discussed together with developed approach to study of thermochemical stability of materials using complex application of optical spectral analysis, tests in different gases and methods of post test analysis.


Through the analysis of the existing uneven development of the theory and practice of the sports discipline construction at present,the paper discusses the feasibility and necessity of open experimental teaching,and the open experimental teaching,teaching form,teaching content and teaching reform achievements in physical education major in university are presented.It aims to cultivate the students' experimental ability,innovation ability and practical ability.


Describes the similarity between two nonlinear control systems, shown in a large number of physical systems of interest in many engineering applications. By utilising similar information, robust controllers for large-scale nonlinear similar composite systems with uncertain parameters are proposed. The results obtained show that the similar structure of composite systems possesses a holographic property and can simplify the analysis and design of nonlinear systems.


Simulations of the vehicle dynamics of the superconducting maglev system currently under tests in Yamanashi, Japan, have been performed. This research focuses on how imperfections in the guideway influence ride characteristics. In order to identify the resonance frequencies of the system, periodic imperfections in the guideway were introduced. First, a simple, one-dimensional model was analyzed and resonance peaks near 1.16 Hz and 4.63 Hz were found. Then, a more accurate, six-dimensional model, where the forces between each coil are calculated, was used to confirm the results, and, at resonance, the ride was judged as poor. However, in reality, because the guideway imperfections are not periodic, a simulation, where the imperfections in the guideway were randomly determined, was performed. When the imperfections are within a certain range, the ride remained good.


The Grand Challenge in Event Processing serves as a common goal and mechanism for coordinating research across the spectrum of people working on event processing. The Grand Challenge is a single, though broad, challenge that impacts society which the community can use as a basis for measuring progress in research and application.
 In this paper we will present an analysis of the recent development in the realization of the Grand Challenge and elaborate on its implementation using the current development in the so called Real-time Web - a decentralized, global, Internet-like infrastructure, built upon widely-accepted open standards.
 We present a particular solution that has been developed in the scope of the EU project PLAY (www.play-project.eu), that is aiming to develop an elastic and reliable platform for dynamic complex event-driven interaction in large highly distributed and heterogeneous federated service systems. The main outcome is an Event Marketplace Platform which offers and consumes real-time data of all sorts and across the whole Web.
 We explain the theoretical principles behind the Event Marketplace, discuss the research and technological challenges required for its efficient development, present the implementation and evaluation details and demonstrate several applications that have been built on the top of the Platform so far.


A linguistic cubic variable (LCV) is comprised of interval linguistic variable and single-valued linguistic variable. An LCV contains decision-makers' uncertain and certain linguistic judgments simultaneously. The advantage of the Dombi operators contains flexibility due to its changeable operational parameter. Although the Dombi operations have been extended to many studies to solve decision-making problems; the Dombi operations are not used for linguistic cubic variables (LCVs) so far. Hence, the Dombi operations of LCVs are firstly presented in this paper. A linguistic cubic variable Dombi weighted arithmetic average (LCVDWAA) operator and a linguistic cubic variable Dombi weighted geometric average (LCVDWGA) operator are proposed to aggregate LCVs. Then a multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method is developed in LCV setting on the basis of LCVDWAA and LCVDWGA operators. Finally, two illustrative examples about the optimal choice problems demonstrate the validity and the application of this method.


A model of consecutive placements of two different immiscible fluids, possessing different densities and rheological properties, into an expanding fracture is presented. Hydraulic fracturing technology, based on such a fluid placement, is expected to allow better fracture shape control. Mathematically, the problem is reduced to solving a two-dimensional second-order nonlinear partial differential equation describing pressure distribution in a semiellipsoid domain with moving boundaries. The level set method is used to track the interface between the fluids in time. Numerical examples of the placement of power-law fluids are presented, and the accuracy of the computations is investigated.


The experimental observation of hadrons correlated back-to-back with a (semi-)hard trigger in heavy-ion collisions has revealed a splitting of the away side correlation structure in a low to intermediate transverse momentum (P{sub T}) regime. This is consistent with the assumption that energy deposited by the away side parton into the bulk medium produced in the collision excites a sonic shock wave (a Mach cone) that leads to away side correlation strength at large angles. A prediction that follows from assuming such a hydrodynamical origin of the correlation structure is that there is a sizable elongation of the shock wave in rapidity due to the longitudinal expansion of the bulk medium. Using a single-hadron trigger, this cannot be observed because of the unconstrained rapidity of the away side parton. Using a dihadron trigger, the rapidity of the away side parton can be substantially constrained and the longitudinal structure of the away side correlation becomes accessible. However, in such events several effects occur that change the correlation structure substantially: There is not only a sizable contribution due to the fragmentation of the emerging away side parton but also a systematic bias toward small energy deposition into the medium and hence a weakmore » shock wave. In this article, both effects are addressed.« less


A possibility of parity-violating strong interactions is discussed. A particular emphasis is made in order to understand the unique situation: the parity conservation could be satisfied with very good accuracies for low energy phenomena in nuclear and particle physics even when strong interactions are P-violating.


Recent data indicate a higher level of effectivity of β‐lactam antibiotics if serum concentrations are kept above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen. This concept would favor continuous infusion over bolus dosing. However, it is usually not the serum concentration but the free interstitial concentration in the target tissue that determines antibiotic activity. We therefore set out to measure effective drug concentrations in the interstitial space of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and to compare trough levels and times above the MIC after bolus versus continuous infusion of cefpirome.


Continuous‐wave laser operation at 300 °K at 941 and 1059 nm has beeen demonstrated using Nd : CAMGAR. Discrimination against the 1059‐nm line required only tuned dielectric mirrors because of the strong 941‐nm fluorescence. Gain and loss coefficients at 1059 nm were determined.


Aim:  The aim of this study was to review a consecutive cohort of adolescent females on warfarin to determine the effect of warfarin on menstruation, management options and their perceived efficacy.


In this article, an attempt is made to utilize the exhaust gases of a small gas turbine to augment power output through the employment of a thermoacoustic system. A simple gas turbine cycle is selected as the base cycle and it is assumed that the thermoacoustic system is powered only by the waste heat of the base gas turbine. A comprehensive cycle analysis of the integrated gas turbine thermoacoustic engine (IGTTE) is carried out from an energy and exergy point of view. Exergy efficiency and internal exergy efficiency are calculated for the different components of the base gas turbine engine as well as the IGTTE. Value and exergy flow diagrams are used to investigate the possible improvements. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is performed by considering different conditions for the thermoacoustic system. The results clearly indicate some improvements with respect to exergetic efficiency from a simple thermodynamic point of view.


The discussion and comparison of software architectures of different Augmented Reality systems is often difficult because of the heterogeneous ways the developers document them. They use different notations, different abstraction levels, and have different intentions. On the other hand, there are terms that are quite well-known and understood among the developers of Augmented Reality systems that describe an employed abstract pattern or technique, such as scene graphs or OpenGL for rendering. Such patterns can be found at different abstraction levels. We propose to describe Augmented Reality systems by a system of such patterns. The base is an abstract generic architecture which describes the common subsystems found in most Augmented Reality systems. This approach allows to compare and discuss Augmented Reality systems by comparing the patterns they employ to implement a particular subsystem. We present a set of patterns that we identified in study on software architectures for Augmented Reality systems. As an example we describe the DWARF Pathfinder system by its employed patterns.


Objective To evaluate the safety of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) in treating upper gastrointestinal cancers accompanied with varices. Methods Clinical data of 7 patients with upper gastrointestinal caners accompanied with varices treated by ESD or EMR between April 2005 and August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 7 patients,4 had early gastric cancers,and the other had early esophageal cancers;6 had esophageal varices,1 had gastric fund varices. All ESDs and EMRs were successfully caarried out,and none developed upper gastrointestinal varicose hemorrhage. Conclusions ESD and EMR do not increase the risk of varicose hemorrhage in patients with upper gastrointestinal caners accompanied with varices.


The object of this research is the basic consideration in the decision of the judges Number: 06/Pid.S/2004/PN.Malang about using fake diplomas in the nomination of members of the legislature and how the accountability of legislative candidates in the use of fake diplomas in the nomination of members of the legislature.
This study uses sociological juridical approach, the type of data containing results of research and field observations coupled with legislation and books and scientific papers relating to the use of fake diplomas and accountability in the use of legislative candidates for fake diplomas on the candidacy of legislative members.
Results of the analysis show that the basic consideration in examining judge and adjudicate these cases the use of fake diplomas is in conformity with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code. If cases of the use of fake diplomas in the nomination of members of the legislature was made at the time of the nomination of members of the legislature and reported to the Election Supervisory Committee within a period of 3 (three) days of fake diplomas is used, the perpetrator accountable based on Law Number 10 Year 2008 About the Election Members of the House of Representatives, Regional Representatives Council, and the Regional Representatives Council. However, if the use of fake diplomas are known by the time 3 (three) days of the perpetrator accountable based on Law Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education System. and if the two laws can not be applied before returning to the Book of Criminal Justice Act.
Should be in making decisions about the use of fake diplomas judges must use the basic consideration in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code and related laws, the charges and the prosecutor general, compliance with evidence, and the things that lighten the burden and the defendant. And not only legislative candidates be held accountable, but also the political party since political parties play an important role in verifying the nomination of members of the legislature.

Keywords: Decision of justice, certificate forgery, member of the legislature


A new type of amphiphilic chitosan was synthesized by the attachment of succinyl group and lauroyl group to the CS backbone.The modification was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR.The degree of succinyl substitution was 41.27%,and the degree of lauroyl substitution was 6.32%.Lauroyl-succinyl chitosan(LSCS) could dissolve at pH3.0 and pH6.5,and its solubility decreased within the pH range at isoelectric point and its vicinity.The LSCS with long alkyl chain could aggregate in water solution through inter-molecular interaction,so the viscosity of the solution increased significantly with the increasing of concentration,and as its mass fraction was up to 2%,it presented gel-like behavior.The gel was sensitive to NaCl.As the concentration of NaCl increased,the strength of gel decreased.


The interaction of the diatomic molecules, H2, N2, O2, CO, and NO, with the anions, H-, Li-, and F- is theoretically examined using a density functional method (B3LYP). It was found that the charge transfer from the anions to diatomic molecules easily occurs and overcomes the electronic repulsion to form the anion clusters. The clustering of the H2 around H- is controlled by the novel conjugation through the σ* orbitals of the H2 coordinated to the H- anion center. For the other diatomic molecules, the π* orbital plays a key role on the clustering process. The charge transfer from the H- or Li- to the π* orbital of the N2, O2, CO, and NO induces the attractive interaction between the π* orbitals and generates the anion cluster with a pentagonal cyclic form consisting of two diatomic molecules and one anion, which is unknown so far according to our knowledge. The geometric structure of the anion cluster significantly depends on the electronic nature of the anions and the diatomic molecules. The interaction...


The approximate complexity of divide-and-conquer algorithms is often described by recurrence relations of the formT(n) = kT(n/c) + f(n).The only well-defined method currently used for solving such recurrences consists of solution tables for fixed functions f and varying k and c. In this note we describe a unifying method for solving these recurrences that is both general in applicability and easy to apply. This method is appropriate both as a classroom technique and as a tool for practicing algorithm designers.


Nowadays computers can perform symbolic computations in addition to mere number crunching operations for which they were originally designed. Symbolic computation opens up exciting possibilities in Structural Mechanics and engineering. Classical areas have been increasingly neglected due to the advent of computers as well as general purpose finite element software. But now, classical analysis has reemerged as an attractive computer option due to the capabilities of symbolic computation. The repetitive cycles of simultaneous - equation sets required by the finite element technique can be eliminated by solving a single set in symbolic form, thus generating a truly closed-form solution. This consequently saves in data preparation, storage and execution time. The power of Symbolic computation is demonstrated by six examples by applying symbolic computation 1) to solve coupled shear wall 2) to generate beam element matrices 3) to find the natural frequency of a shear frame using transfer matrix method 4) to find the stresses of a plate subjected to in-plane loading using Levy`s approach 5) to draw the influence surface for deflection of an isotropic plate simply supported on all sides 6) to get dynamic equilibrium equations from Lagrange equation. This paper also presents yet another computationally efficient and accurate numerical method which is based on the concept of derivative of a function expressed as a weighted linear sum of the function values at all the mesh points. Again this method is applied to solve the problems of 1) coupled shear wall 2) lateral buckling of thin-walled beams due to moment gradient 3) buckling of a column and 4) static and buckling analysis of circular plates of uniform or non-uniform thickness. The numerical results obtained are compared with those available in existing literature in order to verify their accuracy.


Reduction of the heteroleptic metal carbonyl complex Mo(CO)3(η5-Cp)H with the metallic salt Cs5Bi4 in the presence of [2.2.2]crypt (= 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) in liquid ammonia led to single crystals of bis[(4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane)caesium] pentacarbonylmolybdate, [Cs(C18H36N2O6)]2[Mo(CO)5] or [Cs([2.2.2]crypt)]2[Mo(CO)5]. The twofold negatively charged anionic complex corresponds to the 18 valence electron rule. It consists of an Mo atom coordinated by five carbonyl ligands in a shape intermediate between trigonal–bipyramidal and square-pyramidal. The Mo—C distances range from 1.961 (3) to 2.017 (3) Å, and the C[triple-bond]O distances from 1.164 (3) to 1.180 (4) Å.


Recently, economists appear to have abandoned a central precept of environmental policy: optimal environmental taxes are equal to marginal environmental damage (MED). As a consequence of labor market distortions, optimal environmental taxes are now generally argued to typically lie below MED, and given realistic policy constraints on optimal tax reform, sometimes well below MED. This new consensus is reflected in over a dozen papers published without rebuttal in prestigious economics journals, in important survey articles, and in policy-oriented manuscripts. How was it possible that such a radical transformation of economic thinking occurred with essentially no debate in the literature? (JEL Q21)


Decision support technology, expert systems, executives information systems, and artificial neural networks have been reported to be useful tools to enhance the performance of managers as they helped them to gain more knowledge, experiences, and expertise and consequently enhance the quality of the decision making. They can also be used as a training tool to transfer the knowledge of the expert to middle and top management and thus improve the performance of new employees. This communication reports the conclusions of a study conducted to verify the impact of the use of the EDSS technology expert decision support systems on the performance and satisfaction of new employees in the business world. A laboratory experiment using the control groups and the treatment groups was held to test the research model. The results indicate that EDSS technologies do have a positive impact on the performance of the users.


The study of the growth and development of many species of animals, plants and other organisms over time may be approached in the following manner. At some point in time a set of individuals called ancestors or the zeroth generation is identified. These produce offspring and the collection of offspring of all the ancestors constitutes the first generation. The offspring of these first generation individuals constitute the second generation and so on. If one specifies the rules by which the offspring production takes place then one could study the behavior of the long time evolution of such a process, called a branching process. Questions of interest are the long term survival of such a process or its extinction, the growth rate of such a population, fluctuation of population sizes, effects of control mechanicisms etc. In this article several simple mathematical models and some results for these will be discussed. Many of the assumptions made, especially the one about independence of lines of descent, are somewhat idealistic and unrealistic. Nevertheless, the models do prove useful in answering some general questions, since many results about long term behavior deviate somewhat from the basic assumptions.


This article describes the development ofthe Occu pational Peljormance History Interview, an instru ment designed to gather an accurate and clinically useful history ofan individual's work, play, and self-care performance from psychosocially and/or physically disabled adolescents, adults, and older persons. FolloWing the identification and validation ofcontent and the development offormat, the in strument was field-tested and revised. An examina tion ofreliability across time and raters indicated that although part ofthe instrument ratings met or exceeded levels ofacceptable stability, further de velopment and testing is indicated.


This review of Pedro Poyato's book, El sistema estetico de Luis Bunuel (Bilbao, University of Pais Vasco, 2011), highlights aspects such as the impulse-images of Calanda's genius; the 'ugly-ist' iconography; the suspension of the meaning of the narrative; the declarative statements turned into terms of aggression; the 'diminished' narrators; the free adaptation that turns the literary text of departure into the final film; and the construction of the surrealist form, which does not so much follow Bunuel's written scripts as the takes he elaborates based on his words and often those of others.


The twin 6.5m Magellan Telescopes have been in routine operations at the Las Campanas Observatory in the Chilean Andes since 2001 and 2002 respectively. The telescopes are owned and operated by Carnegie for the benefit of the Magellan consortium members (Carnegie Institution of Washington, Harvard University, the University of Arizona, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Michigan). This paper provides an up to date review of the scientific, technical, and administrative structure of the 'Magellan Model' for observatory operations. With a modest operations budget and a reasonably small staff, the observatory is operated in the "classical" mode, wherein the visiting observer is a key member of the operations team. Under this model, all instrumentation is supplied entirely by the consortium members and the various instrument teams continue to play a critical support role beyond initial deployment and commissioning activities. Here, we present a critical analysis of the Magellan operations model and suggest lessons learned and changes implemented as we continue to evolve an organizational structure that can efficiently deliver a high scientific return for the investment of the partners.


The medieval Church is viewed as a franchise system. The paper analyzes the licensing of the friars as an institutional innovation which the popes of the 13th century initiated in order to appropriate the rents made possible both by the systematic development of the concept of purgatory and the introduction of resale price maintenance for indulgencies and penances. Using a game theoretic approach it can be shown that this institutional change forms a subgame perfect equilibrium. Historical evidence supports the predictions generated by the model.


Objective Investigate dietary determinants of subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), blood pressure (BP), resistin, adiponection and leptin, as well as the interrelationship among these variables, in normal‐ and overweight children.


A very simple black body calibration target is described for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The target combines random scattering, impedance matching and power absorption to produce a low return loss to incident radiation over a broad range of wavelengths. The design uses a unique light-weight silicon carbide based open cell foam 111 coated with a commercially available ferrite absorbing resin [21 to provide both high thermal conductivity and a high absorption coefficient. The cell size of the foam can be used to tailor the frequency range of operation. Materials other than silicon carbide can be used to form the foam base if different thermal or mechanical properties are desired without greatly affecting the absorption coefficient. This design is an alternative to much more difficult to fabricate periodic scatterers/absorbers. [3-71 which perform a similar function.


A new type of thermostatic steam trap is developed by exploiting the property of shape memory alloy (SMA). Its structure, operation principle, and actuation feature are discussed, and the design method of SMA spring is described also. Comparing the SMA steam trap with the bimetallic strip actuator, it can be found that the development of SMA steam trap have favorable prospects.


This paper presents a novel sparsity-aware CNN accelerator supporting the edge-level image recognition even for noisy images. In the proposed accelerator, we characterize the class of input noises by utilizing the FFT-based on-the-fly noise classifier. The proposed convolution engine then accesses the external memory to load the dedicated network that provides the accurate inference processing for the detected noise class. To save the energy consumed by the external DRAM accesses, in addition, we present the filter-level pruning algorithm with the memory-reduced indexing scheme, which can reduces the processing latency by utilizing the indexing method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the proposed CNN accelerator is implemented in the commercialized FPGA-based platform, achieving the processing rate of 57.6GOPS at the speed of 100MHz. Utilizing the dedicated network for each noise type, the prototype accelerator reduces the energy consumption by 62% compared to the conventional network with a similar recognition accuracy, which is suitable for the intelligent edge-level devices subjected to the various noises in practice.


The article gives a brief history and background of the Langdon Branch Station in North Dakota. Langdon Station began in 1907 as a part of North Dakota State University. In 1935, it was temporarily discontinued due to lack of available funds in the Great Depression Era.


Blood‐based biomarkers are gaining interest for response evaluation in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). However, it is unknown how blood‐based biomarkers relate to quantitative 18F‐FDG‐PET features. We correlated extracellular vesicle‐associated miRNAs (EV‐miRNA), serum TARC, and complete blood count (CBC) with PET features (e.g., metabolic tumor volume [MTV], dissemination and intensity features) in 30 cHL patients at baseline. EV‐miR127‐3p, EV‐miR24‐3p, sTARC, and several CBC parameters showed weak to strong correlations with MTV and dissemination features, but not with intensity features. Two other EV‐miRNAs only showed weak correlations with PET features. Therefore, blood‐based biomarkers may be complementary to PET features, which warrants further exploration of combining these biomarkers in prognostic models.


The summatory function of a q-regular sequence in the sense of Allouche and Shallit is analysed asymptotically. The result is a sum of periodic fluctuations multiplied by a scaling factor. Each summand corresponds to an eigenvalues of absolute value larger than the joint spectral radius of the matrices of a linear representation of the sequence. The Fourier coefficients of the fluctuations are expressed in terms of residues of the corresponding Dirichlet generating function. A known pseudo Tauberian argument is extended in order to overcome convergence problems in Mellin-Perron summation.
Two examples are discussed in more detail: The case of sequences defined as the sum of outputs written by a transducer when reading a q-ary expansion of the input and the number of odd entries in the rows of Pascal's rhombus.


In this issue of the Journal, Aspelin et al.1 report findings from a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial that compared iodixanol, a third-generation, iso-osmolar, dimeric, nonionic iodinated contrast agent, with iohexol, a low-osmolar, monomeric, nonionic contrast agent. The use of iodixanol resulted in significantly fewer nephrotoxic effects in high-risk patients undergoing arteriography than iohexol did — findings that are important because a beneficial effect of this iso-osmolar agent on renal function had not previously been conclusively demonstrated in a randomized study. Before the late 1960s, all iodinated contrast agents used for radiologic imaging were ionic monomers with an ionizing carboxyl group . . .


Purpose – Living wage campaigns are popular responses to counter increasing inequality in advanced industrial countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine how voluntary living wage employer certification engages business in multi-sectoral coalitions to reduce poverty. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilize qualitative interviews with 30 members of a living wage employer certification program in Vancouver, Canada as a case study to explore campaign participation by the business community and business case outcomes. Findings – Certifying voluntary living wage employers engaged business community members as partners and advocates in a living wage campaign. Certified living wage employers fulfilled business case projections for worker compensation fairness, human resource improvements and corporate branding advantages. Research limitations/implications – The study focussed on the early stages of a living wage employer certification program. As the number of living wage certification programs ...


The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented health and social crisis which is affecting all aspects of our societies. The pathogen causing COVID-19 is called severe...


1. I am a professor of political science at the University of California, Irvine. … I am thoroughly familiar with the congressional districts delineated in Assembly Bill 2X as implemented with the so-called March 17, Technical Changes. The congressional districts of A.B. 2X (Plan II, passed in 1983) as implemented constitute an egregious form of partisan gerrymandering. Methods of Gerrymandering Gerrymandering is a technique which operates to minimize or cancel out the voting strength of racial or political elements of the voting population by one or more of the following twelve methods: (1) Packing the voting strength of a group to insure that much of its voting strength is wasted in districts which are won by lop-sided margins—in particular, packing its strength to a greater extent than is true for the voting strength of the group controlling the district. (2) Fragmenting or submerging the voting strength of a group to create districts in which that group will constitute a permanent (or near certain) minority. (3) Reducing the re-election likelihood of some of a group's representatives by altering district boundaries to put two or more representatives from the group into the same district. (4) Reducing the re-election likelihood of some of a group's representatives by altering district boundaries to cut-up old districts so as to make it impossible for these representatives to continue to represent the bulk of their former constituents.


A process model is called rule-based if the semantics of its case data and activity flows are expressed by means of rules. Rules have been recognized before as powerful representation forms that can potentially define the semantics of data and process resources. To date, however, there is no consensus on how to link the enforcement of rules, the manipulation of data and the execution of processes. Moreover, it is witnessed that complex data and process resource descriptions in the form of a number of constraints, deduction and reaction rules lack expressivity and comprehensibility. In this paper, we set out for using process and rule set metamodels to concisely represent the semantics of case data and activity flows in business process models. In addition we show how to generate a syntactically verified and semantically validated corpus of definite Horn clauses that can be used in the execution of the modeled process.


When dealing with practical applications of hyperspectral imaging, the development of efficient, fast and flexible
classification algorithms is of the utmost importance. Indeed, the optimal classification method should be able, in a
reasonable time, to maximise the separation between the classes of interest and, at the same time, to correctly reject
possible outlier samples. To this aim, a new extension of Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), namely
Soft PLS-DA, has been implemented. The basic engine of Soft PLS-DA is the same as PLS-DA, but class assignment is
subjected to some additional criteria which allow samples not belonging to the target classes to be identified and rejected.
The proposed approach was tested on a real case study of plastic waste sorting based on near infrared hyperspectral
imaging. Household plastic waste objects made of the six recyclable plastic polymers commonly used for packaging were
collected and imaged using a hyperspectral camera mounted on an industrial sorting system. In addition, paper and not
recyclable plastics were also considered as potential foreign materials that are commonly found in plastic waste. For
classification purposes, the Soft PLS-DA algorithm was integrated into a hierarchical classification tree for the
discrimination of the different plastic polymers. Furthermore, Soft PLS-DA was also coupled with sparse-based variable
selection to identify the relevant variables involved in the classification and to speed up the sorting process. The tree-
structured classification model was successfully validated both on a test set of representative spectra of each material
for a quantitative evaluation, and at the pixel level on a set of hyperspectral images for a qualitative assessment.


ABSTRACT We examined the influence that wetland brown water had on the toxicity of copper to aquatic species in Swamp Creek basin, Wisconsin. Copper was added to Swamp Creek water and to laboratory-prepared reconstituted water and tested for toxicity using daphnids (Ceriodaphnia dubia and Ceriodaphnia reticulate), larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), and larval walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). The toxicities of copper in Swamp Creek water, which contained dissolved organic carbon (DOC), were significantly lower than in water with no DOC. Therefore in successive experiments. using cultured C. dubia as the test organism, we experimentally reduced DOC in Swamp Creek water. We established that increased concentrations of DOC and hardness increased the odds of survival of C. dubia in the presence of potentially lethal concentrations of copper. In the Swamp Creek watershed which contains brown water and in watersheds where DOC concentrations are substantial, DOC, and hardness could be the principal factors in developing site-specific criteria involving copper and perhaps other metals.


Abstract The Alto Douro Wine Region, a region located in the northeast of Portugal, presents an abundant building heritage which consists of tabique constructions, a vernacular construction technology. This technology uses raw materials such as stone, an earth-based material and wood, besides metal nail sensure the timber connections and the required structural safety. Previous research works have shown that most of the existing tabique buildings, in this region, present signs of marked deterioration and some of them are clearly near collapse. This reality is justified, among others, by the non-engineered character of this construction technology and subsequent loss through time of the associated empirical technical knowledge, consequently, conservation and repairing works are urgently needed. These aspects, added to the dearth of knowledge related to this building heritage have motivated this research work which is focused on studying the nails traditionally applied in those tabique buildings. In this article, and for the first time, a nail geometrical and material characterization is presented and discussed. The results highlight a wide nail dimensional variety, being iron the main chemical element identified. Beyond that, this study demonstrates that those nails should no longer be maintained in service and that new nails should be applied in future conservation and strengthening works. Finally, some guidelines regarding tabique rehabilitation and nail rusting prevention are mentioned.


High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction have been used to examine the structure of lengenbachite, of approximate composition PbuAso(Ag,Cu)rS,r. The structure deduced consists of a semicommensurate intergrowth of a pseudotetragonal layer (Q, a sheared four-atom-thick { 100} PbS-like slice, and a slightly distorted five-atom-thick pseudo-orthohexagonal { I I I } MrS3 slice (O). Both layer types contain Pb and As atoms in cation sites, giving layer stoichiometries of T : (Pb,As)oSo and O : (As,Pb)rS.. The structure is in agreement with the cell geometries and compositions proposed by earlier workers. The relationships with the structures ofcylindrite and "franckeites" are also discussed.


Based on the connotation of regional reclaimed water rights,its manifestations were discussed in terms of utilization modes,utilization forms,and utilization deadlines of reclaimed water resources in order to determine social,economic,and environment objectives of public water rights,and to determine the allocation objectives of private water rights.The influencing factors and principles of regional reclaimed water rights allocation were analyzed.The interest relationship between supplier and demander was studied as it relates to public and private water rights.The water rights allocation of regional reclaimed water was investigated preliminarily and an allocation model of published reclaimed water rights was developed to provide a basis for reclaimed rational development,effective utilization,and optimal allocation of regional reclaimed water.


Ill health caused by parasitic infection is of concern to all community professionals. Humans may host insects, worms, lice and mites - with varying medical consequences - or suffer allergic reactions to their presence in the environment. Some, such as head lice and threadworms, cause social distress out of all proportion to their medical importance, whereas the Toxocara species, natural parasites of the dog and cat, can have a devastating effect on accidentally infected humans.


Proteins are complex biomolecules which perform critical tasks in living organisms. Knowledge of a protein's structure is essential for understanding its physiological function in detail. Despite the incredible progress in experimental techniques, protein structure determination is still expensive, time-consuming, and arduous. That is why computer simulations are often used to complement or interpret experimental data. Here, we explore how in silico protein structure determination based on replica exchange molecular dynamics can benefit from including contact information derived from theoretical and experimental sources, such as direct coupling analysis or NMR spectroscopy. To reflect the influence from erroneous and noisy data we probe how false-positive contacts influence the simulated ensemble. Specifically, we integrate varying numbers of randomly selected native and non-native contacts and explore how such a bias can guide simulations towards the native state. We investigate the number of contacts needed for a significant enrichment of native-like conformations and show the capabilities and limitations of this method. Adhering to a threshold of approximately 75% true-positive contacts within a simulation, we obtain an ensemble with native-like conformations of high quality. We find that contact-guided REX MD is capable of delivering physically reasonable models of a protein's structure. Author summary Protein structure prediction, that is obtaining a protein structure starting from a sequence using any computational method, is a great challenge. Over the past years a broad variety of methods evolved, ranging from algorithms for "blind" or de novo predictions using Monte-Carlo or physics-based biomolecular simulation methods to algorithms transferring structure information obtained from known homologous proteins. Recently, purely data-driven approaches using neural networks have shown to be capable of predicting high-quality structures. However, some local structural motifs are only poorly resolved and need further refinement. Here, we explore to what extent contact information helps guiding replica exchange molecular dynamics towards the native fold. By adding a contact pair bias potential to the energy function, we effectively guide the search towards the target structure by narrowing the conformational space to be sampled. We find that such an energetic bias, even if containing false-positive contacts to a certain extent, greatly enhances the refinement process and improves the chance of finding the native state in a single run.


The post-operative monitoring of free-flaps can be a challenge, particularly for junior staff on-call and in patients with darker or mottled skin. We present a case employing paediatric pulse oximetry to monitor a free flap where clinical assessment was challenging, illustrating its value as an adjunct to existing techniques such as doppler.

 A 23-year-old patient underwent tenolysis to his anterior right leg compartment due to a painful, tethered scar following injury. He subsequently had a superficial circumflex iliac perforator (SCIP) flap anastomosed end-to-side to his posterior tibial artery. The operation was technically challenging, but the flap had a strong doppler and remained clinically well until day 4 post-op, where it became mottled but remained warm and soft. Clinical assessment was equivocal, and a paediatric pulse oximeter was taped to the flap, consistently showing saturations >95%, providing reassurance out-of-hours and facilitating the decision to delay haematoma evacuation for the following day. The flap survived and the patient did well.

 The use of paediatric pulse oximetry to assess free flaps is a useful technique for clinically ambiguous cases where re-exploration could compromise survival. It is cheap, widely accessible and can be easily employed by junior clinicians and nurses who may be relatively inexperienced in their assessment of flaps' clinical condition.


Ulcerative lesions of the cornea account for 47 to 70 % of all corneal diseases. In the case of a favorable course of corneal ulcers, opacification of varying degrees of intensity is formed. The currently existing methods of treating this pathology are not always effective, so the search for adequate models for experimental studies of new drugs is relevant. Purpose. To study the clinical and histological features of the healing of a corneal ulcer in rabbits. Material and methods. Animals were randomly divided into three groups of 29 rabbits (58 eyes) each. Rabbits of the first group received traditional treatment. Rabbits of the second and third groups underwent intrastromal administration of an antibiotic. The third group, against the background of traditional treatment, received a combination of intrastromal administration of an antibiotic into the cornea with PRP instillation. Animals underwent euthanasia on the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 14th and 21st days after infection of the cornea, 1 and 6 months after treatment. The results of the study showed that the timing of the decrease in the inflammatory response and the timing of the disappearance of purulent discharge in all three groups coincided (7th day) and amounted to 25.9 ± 5.7 %, 43.1 ± 6.5 % and 70.7 ± 6.0 % of cases, respectively. The number of epithelized ulcers by the 14th day of treatment in rabbits of the third groups is 3.4 and 1.7 times more than in rabbits of the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. Histomorphological studies have shown that the inclusion of PRP in the complex therapy of corneal ulcers in the early stages of the inflammatory process in the cornea (the phase of alteration and exudation) leads to a reduction in the time of relief of the inflammatory process, accelerates the time of corneal epithelization. Keywords: corneal ulcer, PRP, intrastromal administration


Objective: To determine the frequency of portal vein thrombosis on ultrasound in patients presenting with cirrhosis. Material and Methods: This study was cross sectional including 140 patients, conducted at Radiology Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from August 2010 to February 2011. Results: In this study, out of 140 participants, Portal Vein Thrombosis was found in 20 patients presenting with cirrhosis liver on ultrasound, resulting in prevalence of 14%. Conclusion: Portal vein thrombosis is a substantial clinical, economic and social problem which mostly goes unrecognized unless routine screening with ultrasound of patients with cirrhosis is performed.


I examine why the performance of an organization is often subject to gradual erosion. I assume that players are motivated partly by psychological factors, norms and morale, and that they are willing to exert extra efforts if others do so. I show that repeated random shocks induce the erosion of the extra efforts supported by norms and morale, but they do not completely decay; in the long run a certain range of efforts are sustainable. Hence different organizations typically enjoy diverse norms and morale, which persist for a long time, in the vicinity of the equilibrium determined by material incentives.


The fact that a debate should persuasively express itself`s opinion allows the possibility of contribution from rhetoric in regard to the debate since rhetoric has an object of providing an adequate method of persuasion in any argument. Aristotle introduces three factors as a method of persuasion in rhetoric: Speakers ethos(character), audiences` pathos(emotion), and seeking logos which itself is an argument. And with these means he specifies through 5 norms of idea, expression, arrangement, presentation, and process of memory. Idea defines related issues, makes an opinion to support the position, and finds the evidence. In rhetoric`s idea, there is a lot of duplication with the discovery of the basis of an argument in debate and provides a new idea in discovery of the basis of an argument which many debaters use. What is the most important to Aristotle in method of persuasion is ``logos which comes from the argument itself``. Therefore, in a situation where it is differentiated with dialectic, he discusses the rhetorical inference which is a unique method of persuasion of rhetoric. However, rhetorical inference is to do with argument method but not a practical content. It is necessary to have a premise or a basis of argument in rhetorical inference, and these are expressed as 말터, a sum of premisses, that is in other words topos. Topos has an original meaning of a ``place`` which, in rhetoric, is a place where a speaker can look for the method of persuasion for application. Topos provides the available basis of arguments for different situations. This paper would discuss how topos, which plays a part of the basis of argument, contributes to the discovery of the basis of argument in debate.


There are variety of conceptual and methodological approaches to teaching, development and improvement in the system of physical education of students. Forming potential of physical activity is characterized by not only quantitative characteristic of physical progress and active attitude to the satisfaction of interests and needs of the motion but also by achievement of the optimal health level, body conditions, and useful physiological changes in the organism.


available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30815976 Editorial Comment: Ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures after urinary diversion are difficult to manage. In this study the authors used indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence to assess ureteral vascularity during robotic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion. Of the patients 47 underwent ICG testing during surgery and 132 did not. With a followup of approximately 1 year there were no cases of ureteral stricture in the ICG group compared to a 10.6% stricture rate in the nonICG group. Thus, the use of ICG fluorescence during robotic cystectomy with urinary diversion may decrease the incidence of ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures. As ICG technology becomes standard on the latest generation robot, it would seem to be an easy step to add to potentially decrease the incidence of ureteral strictures. David S. Wang, MD DIAGNOSTIC UROLOGY, URINARY DIVERSION AND PERIOPERATIVE CARE 857 Copyright © 2020 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.


"STRONG PASSIONS OF THE MIND": REPRESENTATIONS OF EMOTIONS AND WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE BODIES IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND by Erin Nicole Johnson This thesis examines the ways in which early modern medical texts presented the mind-body connection as it impacted child-bearing women in seventeenth century England. The medieval rediscovery of ancient Greek medical knowledge dominated understandings of health and healing for centuries but reached its widest audiences with the explosion of vernacular language printed materials in the early modern period. Foundational to these repurposed ancient medical theories was the belief that the mind and body interacted in complex ways, requiring frequent monitoring of emotional states to achieve good health. For practitioners concerned with women's reproductive health, women's emotional regulation was vital to desirable physical outcomes throughout the period of childbearing, lasting beyond modern designations of conception and childbirth. Thus, this thesis challenges assumptions of how early modern historians should mark the phases of reproduction and argues instead that childbearing, at least for women, continued through the first years of an infant's life. "STRONG PASSIONS OF THE MIND": REPRESENTATIONS OF EMOTIONS AND WOMEN'S REPRODUCTIVE BODIES IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND


The content and primary results of research on causes and suitable mode of bed size increase in large general hospital in China are systematically introduced.The contents include research framework,literature review and data analysis in the recent 30years,the internal and external factors influencing bed size increasing,the assessment of different increasing mode,international experience introduction and reference and suitable bed size measurement.The aim of this research is to give evidences on bed resources allocation policy making for health authorities and hospital administrators.


With the aspects of the geographical distribution,species and characteristics,the immense commercial profit and the future of genetically modified crops(GMC)were analysed.The security of GMC was also evaluated,especially for the food security,ecology security,recovery security of transgenic escape and confirmation security of biological species genes.It is appropriate and responsible to develop the GMC under effective control.


Let R be a commutative ring with identity. A proper ideal I of R is said to be 2−absorbing if whenever x1x2x3 ∈ I for x1, x2, x3 ∈ R, then there are 2 of the xi's whose product is in I. In this paper, we prove that if R is a Noetherian ring, then for every proper ideal I of R, I is a 2−absorbing ideal if and only if I[[X]] is a 2−absorbing ideal in the formal power series ring R[[X]].


ABSTRACT This study aims to reveal the most notable obstacles that primary school teachers face in using the educational platform MADRASATI during the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis. A descriptive survey with a questionnaire tool was employed, and there were 20 questions on the potential obstacles. The randomized sample comprised 390 teachers in state primary schools in Riyadh City (from 22,458 teachers in total). The results revealed that the main obstacles were "difficulty in applying the educational platform to primary beginner students" and "overcrowded virtual classes [which] do not allow the use of the platform MADRASATI." However, the teachers ranked responses such as "the students' abstention from dealing with new types of education" lowest, with only an average degree of agreement on whether this was a notable obstacle. The study also revealed statistically significant differences in the obstacles to using MADRASATI, with male teachers in the sample more likely to use the platform. However, other variables such as educational qualification and pedagogical experience were not associated with any statistically significant differences in obstacles the teachers faced.


The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol is a reactive on demand routing protocol used in multi hop wireless ad hoc networks. DSR makes the network self-organizing and selfconfiguring. Two important mechanisms in DSR are Route Discovery and Route Maintenance. Nodes discover and maintain routes through the network using these mechanisms. DSR uses source routing, which allows routing of packets to be loop free and also allows caching of routes in nodes for future use. This paper describes the design of the DSR protocol and the important mechanisms of the protocol. Then the paper describes the support in DSR for Heterogeneous Networks and Interconnection to Internet and Mobile IP. The DSR protocol is then compared to another reactive protocol called AODV. Based on certain earlier simulation results DSR protocol is analyzed and conclusions are drawn.


no reason to suppose that the cause of the epistaxis in the instance before us, and the bleeding from the gums, may not have been a sudden hypertrophy of blood-vessels, such as we just described as appearing on the skin. And it appears to us that to the well-known haemorrhagic diathesis as a cause of hEmorrhage there must be also added a sudden hypertrophy of the blood-vessels and rupture of their coats, as exemplified in the case before us." Conclusion.-I find it difficult to classify the case I have recorded. Notwithstanding the history of epistaxis in childhood and the subsequent rectal bleeding I hesitate to include the case in the fourth group. The rectal bleeding is exceptional but occurred in Anderson's case, and the epistaxis has not been recurrent over years. There is 110 family history of bleeding OY epistaxis. And lastly, the site and picture of the telangiectases is peculiar. A prolonged observation probably will alone determine the nature of the case.


Preventing Campus Alcohol Abuse: a Controlled Comparison of Two Media Programs by Jennifer Dawn Karmely Dr. Brad Donohue, Dissertation Committee Chair Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology University o f Nevada, Las Vegas Alcohol misuse on university and college campuses has contributed to a variety of problems experienced by students, including driving injuries and fatalities, alcohol poisoning, academic failure, potential long-term alcohol abuse, and risky or nonconsensual sexual activity. This investigation examined the efficacy of two prevention programs targeting campus alcohol misuse (Alcohol 101; Collegiate Guide to Responsible Drinking, CORD). Alcohol 101 disseminates information regarding the consequences of alcohol abuse in a psycho-educational, interactive DVD format. CORD includes some DVD-based psycho-educational material while primarily focusing on empirically derived cognitive behavioral techniques. Ninety-two participants recruited from university psychology courses were randomly assigned to receive one of the experimental prevention programs immediately after their completion o f a battery of standardized baseline measures relevant to their use of alcohol. The same assessment battery was re-administered 30 days after program completion. Both programs demonstrated significant reductions in the amount and frequency of alcohol use for both