Philo of Alexandria can hardly be called a philosopher, especially given a certain speculative or systematic philosophy. But also, contrary to the prevailing opinion in contemporary research, it could hardly be defined as an exegete, especially given the modern content of the term. At the same time, the impression remains that the most often associated concept with his name – allegory (allegorical interpretation) is usually perceived too narrowly, and not enough attention is paid to the actual literary and hermeneutical skills of the author. Modern translations of his works often do not reflect the symbolism used by Philo at all, as is the case with music imagery in the opening paragraph of De Posteritate Caini. The musical theme and symbolism in Philo's work undoubtedly deserve a special and thorough study, which would go far beyond the scope of this article.


The utility model relates to an automatic impulse type washing device of a heat exchanger. The automatic impulse type washing device comprises the heat exchanger and a controller, the two sides of the heat exchanger are respectively provided with an air side differential pressure sensor, a washing mechanism is arranged nearby the heat exchanger and comprises a water spraying tube, more than one nozzle is arranged in the water spraying tube, an outlet of the nozzle faces the air facing side or the air outlet side of the heat exchanger, and the air side differential pressure sensors are electrically connected with the controller for controlling whether water is discharged from the nozzle or not. The water spraying tube is connected with a water tank, a waterway solenoid valve and a water side pressure switch are further arranged on the water spraying tube and arranged between the water tank and the nozzle, and the controller is respectively connected with the waterway solenoid valve and the water side pressure switch electrically. A water supplement tube is arranged on the water tank, a booster pump is arranged on the water supplement tube, an impulse switch is arranged on the controller, and the heat exchanger is a finned heat exchanger. The automatic impulse type washing device has the advantages of being simple and reasonable in structure, flexible in operation, good in washing effect and low in energy consumption.


This paper presents the application of different Neural Network (NN) models for classifying the power system states as secure/insecure. Traditional method of security evaluation involves performing load flow and transient stability analysis for each contingency, making it infeasible for real time application. Pattern Recognition (PR) approach is recognized as an alternative tool. The NN models adopted for classification includes Multilayer Perception (MLP), Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and Adaptive Resonance Theory Mapping (ARTMAP). A two-step modeling procedure is proposed. First knowledge is acquired from a test bed of power systems based on detail load models of a bus to the distribution level. Then, the test bed data is used to develop a composite NN model. The developed NN model is updated based on measurements. A case study on a power inverter controlling an induction motor load is presented.
Keywords- Newton Rap son (NR) load flow; Voltage stability assessment; feed forward neural network; fast voltage stability indicator (FVSI)


The main objective of this study is to identify the effect of nostalgic feelings on consumer loyalty to the prevailing brand following the extinction of a brand in a merger/acquisition process. We also propose an explanatory model of the relationships between tests of relevant constructs. Based on a review and theoretical reflection on the constructs under study, this paper outlines a theoretical model in which attitudes in relation to both extinct and prevailing brands mediate the relationship between nostalgic feelings and customer loyalty, which was subsequently analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed the effect of nostalgic feelings on customers' attitudes toward both extinct and prevailing brands and the influence of switching costs on building brand loyalty. The study contributed to the expansion of the theoretical framework on the subject of marketing by developing and validating a comprehensive model that adds to existing research, expanding the horizon of the study of the phenomenon.


Chest radiographs commonly contain projections of foreign objects, such as buttons, brassier clips, jewelry or pacemakers and wires. The presence of these structures can substantially affect the output of computer analysis of these images. An automated method is presented to detect, segment and remove foreign objects from chest radiographs. Detection is performed using supervised pixel classification with a kNN classifier, resulting in a probability estimate per pixel to belong to a projected foreign object. Segmentation is performed by grouping and post-processing pixels with a probability above a certain threshold. Next, the objects are replaced by texture inpainting. The method is evaluated in experiments on 257 chest radiographs. The detection at pixel level is evaluated with ROC analysis on pixels within the unobscured lung fields and an Az value of 0.949 is achieved. FROC analysis is performed at the object level, and 95.6% of objects are detected with on average 0.25 false positive detections per image. To investigate the effect of removing the detected objects through inpainting, a texture analysis system for tuberculosis detection is applied to images with and without pathology and with and without foreign object removal. Unprocessed, the texture analysis abnormality score of normal images with foreign objects is comparable to those with pathology. After removing foreign objects, the texture score of normal images with and without foreign objects is similar, while abnormal images, whether they contain foreign objects or not, achieve on average higher scores. We conclude that removal of foreign objects from chest radiographs is feasible and beneficial for automated image analysis.


A low cost, fast, and feasible synthesis method of MCM-48 was proposed by adjusting the temperature(303—313 K) and co-surfactant. The product yield of the synthesized MCM-48 was up to 98%. Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopic(TEM) images, scanning electron microscopic(SEM) Images, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms were used to characterize the synthesized samples.


Sonuc: Kat›l›mc›lar›n sal›k davran›fllar›n›n orta duzeyde olduu saptanm›flt›r. Sal›k davran›fllar›n›n ust duzeye ulaflabilmesi birinci basamak sal›k cal›flanlar›n›n daha etkin dan›flmanl›k ve giriflimle- ri ile gercekleflebilecektir. Anahtar sozcukler: Sal›¤› gelifltirme, sal›kl› yaflam bicimi, kad›n. Summary Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify the health pro- moting attitudes of women, which have a positive impact in the maintanance of families health status and the affecting condi- tions. Methods: One hundred ninety women defined by simple random sampling method within a region of 2700 dwellings region and who accepted the visit have constituted the sampling of this study. The data in the study were gathered through a question- naire form containing questions on the demographic information and health related habits of the subjects as well as the "Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile" (HPLP) scale developed by Pender. The HPLP scale measures the attitudes promoting the health of the individuals related with their healthy life style. The scale consists of a total of 48 statements and involves 6 sub-scales. The lowest score for the scale is 48, and 192 is the highest. The HPLP mean scores and the independent variables of women were compared in the light of the data obtained in the study. Results: The women's mean HPLP total score was found to be 129.12±17.76 and the Cronbach value was found to be 0.92. The mean of the total scale and sub-scale scores of the women who was working, apply Breast Self Examination, and check for ane- mia, was found to be higher than the others (p<0.05). Conclusions: As a result of the research, the health promoting attitudes of the participants were found to be at a moderate level. More effective consultancy and efforts by primary health care workers may increase the level of the health promoting attitudes


The ecosystem-atmosphere flux of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) has important impacts on tropospheric oxidative capacity and the formation of secondary organic aerosols, influencing air quality and climate. In particular, this is true in managed boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere, where BVOC emissions often dominate over anthropogenic sources of VOC.

Here we present measurements of BVOCs in a managed boreal forest located at the ICOS station Norunda in Sweden, collected using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). This managed forest consists of a mix of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). These long-term PTR-MS measurements were collected at six heights (4m, 8.5m, 13.5m, 19m, 24.5m, and 33.5m) in the forest canopy over several periods during 2014 to 2016. Ozone concentrations were simultaneously measured in conjunction with these PTR-MS measurements. The main BVOCs investigated with the PTR-MS were isoprene, monoterpenes, methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone. The distribution of BVOC sources and sinks in the forest canopy was explored using several Lagrangian dispersion matrix methods, including localized and continuous near-field theory. The canopy resistance and deposition velocities for ozone and the BVOCs were investigated, and the results for isoprene and monoterpene emissions were found to agree well with several standard BVOC emission algorithms. These results will have importance for constraining BVOC emission estimates from managed boreal forests in the future.


The private enterpriser is special social group in China, their quality and ability represent the future hope of economy development of China. Therefore, this text analyzed the factors of the private enterpriser offending legal and the distortion of value view according to the performance of private enterprisers in capital market. The analysis believed that the private enterpriser's value orientation will directly affect the development and business direction of private enterprises and is the thought root of the private enterprises offending law. Impelling healthy development of the private enterprises must regard the perfect and standard system restraint as safeguard. In this foundation, the text put forward the basic idea which undertaking the social responsibility, enhancing social morality and social responsibility consciousness is the premise conditions to realize the sustainable development of the enterprises.


The invention discloses a kit and a method for detecting 50 tumor-relevant hotspot mutation genes. According to the method, a capture method of 207 hotspot mutation regions of 50 relevant genes (including oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes) and a preparation method of a liquid-phase hybridization library used in capturing are researched aiming at oncology. The method particularly comprises the steps of selecting sequence information of 207 hotspot mutation regions, designing a PCR primer, preparing a biotin labeled liquid-phase hybridization library by virtue of a PCR method, hybridizing the biotin labeled liquid-phase hybridization library with a constructed target genome DNA library, and carrying out high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on captured fragments, so as to obtain the mutation condition of nucleic acid sequence sites of a sample. By virtue of the method provided by the invention, high-quality sequencing data can be obtained, the relatively high capturing efficiency and the relatively good uniform capturing of the target sites can be realized, the disadvantages of low efficiency, poor uniformity and the like of solid phase hybridization are solved, and the sequencing cost is greatly lowered.


Electronic networks of practice and research around this social web 2.0 platform has gained traction within the last few years with the advances in social media technologies and their proliferated use. Therefore, this article examined the types of interactions within an electronic network of practice open to those within the software engineering field. This research found that narrative posts, with certain aesthetically appealing qualities, can allow better social learning and interaction in network discussion forums, thereby enabling richness of knowledge constructed. The use of dimensional analysis a qualitative framework enabled this research to develop a model to gain a comprehensive insight into various factors that contributed to social learning within networks of practice.


CdS nanoparticle was prepared by deposited method.CdS-SiO2 was synthesized by CdS in the tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) hydrolyzed under the catalysis of ammonium.Pt was loaded onto CdS by photodeposition method.The samples were characterized by XRD and UV-Vis techniques,and photocorrosion of samples were monitored using an electrochemistry method.The photocatalytic activity of catalyst was investigated through a photocatalytic H2 production from formic acid solution under visible light irradiation as a probe reaction.The results indicated that the SiO2 coatings enhanced the dispersancy and prevented photocorrosion of CdS nanoparticles,the activity of CdS for photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation was improved greatly.


The invention provides a flow sleeve for a combustor of a gas turbine. The flow sleeve comprises an annular support sleeve disposed at a forward end of the flow sleeve assembly. The support sleeve comprises a forward portion axially separated from an aft portion. An aft frame is disposed at an aft end of the flow sleeve assembly. An annular flow sleeve extends from the aft portion of the support sleeve towards the aft frame. The flow sleeve includes a forward end that is axially separated from an aft end. The forward end of the flow sleeve circumferentially surrounds the aft end of the support sleeve. An annular impingement sleeve extends between the aft end of the flow sleeve and the aft frame. A forward end of the impingement sleeve is connected to the aft end of the flow sleeve, and an aft end of the impingement sleeve is connected to the aft frame.


In the secular, contemporary world, many people question the relevance of religion. Many also wonder whether religiously-informed speech and beliefs should be tolerated in the public square, and whether religions hinder freedom. In this volume, Wendell Bird reminds us that our basic freedoms are the important legacies of religious speech arising from the Judeo-Christian tradition. Bird demonstrates that religious speech, rather than secular or irreligious speech based on other belief systems, historically made the demands and justifications for at least six critical freedoms: speech and press, rights for the criminally accused, higher education, emancipation from slavery, and freedom from discrimination. Bringing an historically-informed approach to the development of some of the most important freedoms in the Anglo-American world, this volume provides a new framework for our understanding of the origins of crucial freedoms. It also serves as a powerful reminder of an aspect of history that is steadily being forgotten or overlooked-that many of our basic freedoms are the historical legacies of religious speech arising from Judeo-Christian faiths.


Solution 1.1. After converting to polar coordinates, our PDE can be written as the following problem on the circle  urr + 1 rur + 1 r2uθθ = 0 0 < r < a, −π ≤ θ ≤ π u(r,−π) = u(r, π) 0 < r < a uθ(r,−π) = uθ(r, π) 0 < r < a u(a, θ) = 1 + 2 sin(θ) −π ≤ θ ≤ π limr→0 u(r, θ) <∞ −π ≤ θ ≤ π Step 1 — Separation of Variables: The PDE has periodic homogeneous angular boundary conditions, so we look for a solution of the form u(r, θ) = R(r)Θ(θ). For such a solution, the PDE implies


We study the problem on the existence of positive solutions for a class of second-order singular differential equations with nonlinear integral boundary conditions.By using Schauder fixed point theorem and some analysis techniques,we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions to the above boundary value problems.Our results generalize and improve the one made by KONG Ling-ju.


Compression ignition engine modeling draws great attention due to its high efficiency. However, it is still very difficult to model compression ignition engine due to its complex combustion phenomena. In this work, we perform a theoretical study of steam injection being applied into a single-cylinder four-strokes direct-injection and naturally aspirated compression ignition engine running with diesel and biodiesel fuels in order to improve the performance and reduce NO emissions by using a two-zone thermodynamic combustion model. The results obtained from biodiesel fuel are compared with the ones of diesel fuel in terms of performance, adiabatic flame temperatures, and NO emissions. The steam injection method could decrease NO emissions and improve the engine performances. The results showed that the NO formation characteristics considerably decreased and the performance significantly increased with the steam injection method. The relative errors for computed nitric oxide concentration values of biodiesel fuel and diesel fuel in comparison to the measured ones are 2.8% and 1.6%, respectively. The experimental and theoretical results observed show the highly satisfactory coincidences.


The National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS) is conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis program to increase our understanding of private forest-land owners in the United States. The information is intended to help policy makers, resource managers, and others interested in the forest resources of the United States better understand the social context of forests and formulate more informed opinions and decisions. Every year, a different set of approximately 6,500 private forest-land owners from across the country were asked to participate in the NWOS. This document describes the design, implementation, and processing of data for the NWOS from 2002 through 2006. For updates to this report and additional information visit: www.fs.fed.us/woodlandowners.


In this research were studied the chemical and mineral compositions of some iron ores in Mongolian the western region. Also the study investigated the effect of calcium fluoride on decomposition temperatures of calcite in the raw mix for obtaining cement clinker. The chemical investigation result showed that iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) content in the western Mongolian iron ores represents in Uvgondatsan (Khovd) – 87.23%, Suul Khar (Khovd) – 85.00% and Kharganat (Uvs) – 89.29%, respectively. Iron ores of Kharganat and Uvgundatsan are mostly contained magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) while iron ore of Suul Khar is mostly contained hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ). The decomposition temperature of calcite (CaCO 3 ) was reduced by 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C when calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) in the raw mix for obtaining cement clinker that consists of Shokhoit limestone, Shal clay and Kharganat iron ore was added up 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.204 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p75-79


Upon contact with the host cell, translocator proteins are secreted out through the injectisome to form a tip on the injectisome, which then forms pore in the host cell membrane [Håkansson et al., 1993; Neyt & Cornelis, 1999a; Sarker et al., 1998]. These translocator proteins have been found within the host cell membrane, immediately after infection [Blocker et al., 1999; Goure et al., 2004]. For all T3SS known so far, there are three translocator proteins, encoded together in one large operon called the "Translocator operon" In addition to these translocators, the operon also encodes a chaperone and a regulatory protein of T3SS. The operon in Yersinia spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Aeromonas spp are well conserved while such conservation is not seen in Shigella spp, Salmonella spp and E. coli. Yet, there lies a high resemblance in biochemical and functional characteristics amongst the translocators and chaperones of these families [Hueck et al., 1995; Kaniga et al., 1995; Venkatesan et al., 1998].


Abstract Different actuators have been developed for active noise control. A broadband linear actuator, typically a loudspeaker, is often used. However, this is not an absolute necessity, the impor ...


In the actual context, marketing in the dental care services field is confronting with more and more challenging demands. Among them one of the most important one is refering to the need to integrate consumers motivation in the field of marketing strategy. The present research aims to investigate the content and the different corelations of consumer habits regarding dental hygiene. The results are intended to be used in developing new promotional campaigns build on motivational techniques for dental offices.


The following is a letter to the chair of the General Medical Council.

Dear Professor Stephenson,

I write to you about what seems to be a serious misjudgment by the GMC regarding Hadiza Bawa-Garba.1

To set the context for my concerns, I am, among other things, a non-executive director of a major acute hospital trust, president of the charity Healthwatch, which promotes evidence based medicine, and the longest serving member of the Royal College of Physicians' committee on ethics in medicine.

On all three criteria—management, evidence, and ethics—I fear the GMC has misjudged this case. As a journalist and broadcaster I suspect that one of the factors might have been pressure from the media, and I remind you that newspaper reporters are out to make a story, not nuanced judgments, and their printed …


Received September 11, 2003 Abstract Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is endemic in Hong Kong. Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) occurs in 30% to 60 % of children with PTB. The treatment of EBTB is different from PTB without endobronchial involvement as systemic steroid is required. We report a 20-month-old boy who presented with a two-day history of cough and shortness of breath and was subsequently diagnosed to have EBTB by flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy. He was treated with standard anti-tuberculosis drugs plus steroid and recovered after 6 months of treatment.


Abstract The relationship between a uniform change in mortality and the corresponding change in expectation of life or life-table death rate is examined. The concept of "elasticity of life expectation" is introduced, its practical computation is demonstrated, and some examples of its potential applications are given.


This is a mixed type paper: we define and list basic properties of elliptic functions,
and consider problems of different types of interpolations by these functions.


On the basis of practical engineering,the author analyzes the design,construction and on-site testing of lime pile foundation,and shows by practices that technology and analysis of the foundation treatment is feasible, in order to offer basis for popularization and application of fly ash-lime pile.


bibliography). We use colour preference and handwriting frequently as confirming symptoms in case analysis. So we will describe them briefly before we continue with the periodic system. Clinical symptoms: Colour preference and handwriting Thetrue colourpreference(oraversion) is a non-structured, formless elemental symp-S U M M A R Y The structure of the periodic table of elements has a deep homeopathic significance. Jan Scholten's element theory of 'series' and 'stages' has been independently verified by many homeopaths worldwide. We describe twenty of our cases of the elements of the silver series, thereby showing the dynamics of this series, and one case of the iron series. Further, confirmed clinical symptoms like colour preference and handwriting are included, and it is shown how we use them.


Introduction. Periodontitis is an inflammatory process in response to dental biofilm and leads to periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was the comparison of outcomes using either an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) or a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) in regenerative periodontal therapy after 6 and 12 months. Methods. Using a parallel group, prospective randomized study design, we enrolled 19 patients in each group. The primary outcome was bone fill after 12 months. Attachment gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, and recession were secondary variables. Additionally, early wound healing and adverse events were assessed. Data analysis included test of noninferiority of NHA group (test) compared to EMD group (reference) in bone fill. Differences in means of secondary variables were compared by paired t-test, frequency data by exact χ 2 test. Results. Both groups showed significant bone fill, reduction of PPD, increase in recession, and gain of attachment after 6 and 12 months. No significant differences between groups were found at any time point. Adverse events were comparable between both groups with a tendency of more complaints in the NHA group. Conclusion. The clinical outcomes were similar in both groups. EMD could have some advantage compared to NHA regarding patients comfort and adverse events. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00757159.


It discloses a release coating formulations comprising one or more non-silicone additives. The formulations without adversely affecting the release performance, by replacing the silicone base polymer in the release coating system, it is possible to achieve a cost reduction of the release coating. The release coating formulation includes a silicone-based polymer of one or more non-silicone additives. Non-silicone additives can include stearyl methacrylate. Further, the method using a mold release coating formulation, a release liner, the adhesive article is described.


Thank you for the excellent learning zone article (April 11) on the management of patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Dave Burns notes that the two conditions frequently co-exist, have similar aetiologies and genetic and environmental influences.


This extended abstract discusses current work in progress that identifies the various technical communication genres that sex workers use to create communal spaces online for sharing safe work practices, content creation, and knowledge. Using a feminist methodology, the initial research step is to search through various forums, such as the Sex Work Safety subreddit, and the Sex Workers Outreach Program (SWOP USA) to identify various sex worker technical genres being deployed. The extended abstract will discuss both the preliminary data on the TC genres sex workers use online to legitimate their work as "work" and create a discourse community through genre and next stages for the project.


Debris flows are classified into some types by flow mechanism. Viscous debris flow and muddy debris flow have a common important characteristic that lots of surges flow intermittently. Authors have shown that surges are generated by flow instability as same as roll waves. This paper is reported the influence of nonuniform solid concentration in the flow into surge occurrence of muddy debris flow or viscous debris flow. It is difficult to discuss a general solution of any solid concentration form in the flow. Therefore it is simplified that the flow has two different concentration layers. The concentration of a lower layer is C`, thickness h` from bottom to h`, the concentration of an upper layer is Cu, thickness hu from hl to surface of the flow, and C` is greater than Cu. From the theoretical consideration, when the concentration is nonuniform, the flow is stable than uniform concentration. A theoretical result on muddy debris flow is as follows,


Excessive application of fertilizers can cause wastage of fertilizer which increases input cost and environmental pollution. Implementation of Precision Agriculture through site specific nutrient management is the best suitable solution to increase nutrient application efficiency and thereby increase crop productivity. The present study was carried out in the Instructional Farm of KCAET campus, Tavanur, Malappuram, Kerala, to access the spatial variability of different soil chemical properties. The methodology follows the delineation of the study area, location of sampling points and soil samples were collected and analysed for the soil chemical properties such as pH, Electric Conductivity, Available Nitrogen, Available Phosphorous, Available Potassium, Boron and Sulphur using standard methods. Spatial variability maps of soil chemical properties were prepared by using Inverse Distance Weighing method of interpolation in ArcGIS. From this study, it could be concluded that, GIS along with GPS could be used as an effective tool for preparation of spatial variability maps for determining the spatial distribution of chemical properties of soils and thereby helps to achieve site specific nutrient recommendation which improves crop productivity, quality and reduce environmental stress. It also involves a lesser number of soil analysis and thus reduces the cost of operation compared to plot-to-plot analysis.


The Ares I-X flight test, scheduled for 2009, is the first opportunity for the Constellation Program and Ares Projects to obtain important data on the in-flight loads, first stage recovery, and ground-handling characteristics of the Ares I crew launch vehicle. The flight test vehicle will incorporate a mix of flight and mockup hardware, reflecting an acceptable representation of the mass and outer mold line characteristics of the operational Ares I vehicle. It will be powered by a four-segment solid rocket motor from the Space Shuttle inventory and will include a fifth, inert spacer segment and new forward structures to make it the same shape as the Ares I first stage. The vehicle also includes mass simulators for the upper stage, Orion crew module, and launch abort system to match the outer mold line of Ares I; an active roll control system; and avionics derived from Shuttle and Atlas hardware. This suborbital mission will take the flight test vehicle from stacking in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) through liftoff, maximum dynamic pressure, first stage separation, and recovery. Ares I-X presented NASA with unique project management challenges. This presentation will address those unique challenges, including managing a virtual nationwide team under a constrained timeline; designing and building the launch vehicle and ground systems; working concurrently with Space Shuttle activities; and integrating technical and management functions. It also will identify key data collected and lessons learned from the flight that will be applied to future exploration missions.


Abstract Milled wood lignins (MWLs) were isolated from sound and naturally brown-rotted Pinus massoniana (decayed by brown-rot fungus Poria cocos) by Björkman and Lundquist techniques. Both lignins were characterized by FT-IR, UV, 1 H NMR, GPC, ESR spectroscopy, and chemical analyses methods. The results indicated the brown-rotted lignin was higher in the total acidic group, carbonyl, carboxyl, and phenol hydroxyl contents, but lower in methoxyl content than sound lignin. The C9 formulas were calculated for sound and brown-rotted lignin as C9H8.78O2.85(OCH3)0.83 and C9H8.63O3.01(OCH3)0.71, respectively. Sound lignin had 0.75 aliphatic hydroxyl group and 0.17 phenolic hydroxyl group per C9-unit, and brown-rotted lignin had 0.62 aliphatic hydroxyl group and 0.30 phenolic hydroxyl group per C9-unit; lignins were mainly guaiacyl-type lignin, and β-O-4 structures constituted the main intermonomeric connections. Based on the analytical results and proposed reaction mechanism, demethylation, oxidation, and depolymerization were the most important modifications of lignin by brown-rotted fungi.


The mode of thinking is one kind form of social consciousness, which also stems from the social culture. As the most deep-seated factor in the cultural system, the mode of thinking has the stipulation of quality that can distinguish different cultural system. Since the difference between the eastern and western mode of thinking shows different cultural phenomena, and also reflects the diversity of world culture. Moreover, the modern history of China has proved that the extensive cultural exchange not only can promote the prosperity and progress of the social culture but also can drive the transformation and development of the mode of thinking of the human so as to advance the modernization course of the society.


We propose a Bayesian approach to statistical inference in emulation and calibration of a numerical model with a basis-function representation. Numerical models are commonly used now-a-days as a surrogate for real-life events or experiments which, due to either rarity of occurrence or associated expenses, can be observed only a limited number of occurrences of this event. The goal of our modeling effort is to match the numerical model output with the ones collected from actual events. In addition to unknown parameters in the field experiments, the input-output relationship is also treated as unknowns, allowing a full treatment of all possible sources of uncertainty. To combine these field observations with a collection of runs from the numerical model, we employ a fully model-based approach using the Kennedy-O'Hagan framework of computer model validation. Compared to the conventional Gaussian process emulators, we have achieved greater efficiency with a basis-function representation in terms of smaller predictive uncertainty, greater control over model sparsity and shorter computational time. We have developed an efficient estimation scheme that allows the user to treat the number of functions and their inclusion probabilities as unknown quantities and to estimate them via a reversible jump Monte Carlo sampler. The performance of the model depends on how efficiently we can choose the basis functions so that they can span an wide range of response functions. Here, we use a generalized polynomial chaos expansion depending on the stochastic model for the input, an optimal class of orthonormal polynomial functionals is chosen from the Askey scheme to represent the emulator. We show that this hierarchical specification provides prior support for a large family of response functions. Along with several simulation examples focusing on different model characteristics, our approach is also implemented with a real dataset from a series of laboratory experiments related to astrophysics.


AbstractResampling of standard particle filters will cause particle depletion and require abundant particles in the state estimation, which can hardly meet the accuracy and velocity requirements of...


One kind of metal ceramic cored wire-Fe-based Cr3C2 was used.The coating was deposited on A3 steel substrate by arc spraying.This paper uses optical metallographic microscope and the scanning electron microscope to observe the coating microstructure.And then carries the experiments of the hardness test,the abrasive wear resistance and erosion resistance at high temperature of coating.The results show that this coating has good mechanical properties,especially the excellent erosion resistance at 650℃.


Free content websites that provide free books, music, games, movies, etc., have existed on the Internet for many years. While it is a common belief that such websites might be different from premium websites providing the same content types, an analysis that supports this belief is lacking in the literature. In particular, it is unclear if those websites are as safe as their premium counterparts. In this paper, we set out to investigate, by analysis and quantification, the similarities and differences between free content and premium websites, including their risk profiles. To conduct this analysis, we assembled a list of 834 free content websites offering books, games, movies, music, and software, and 728 premium websites offering content of the same type. We then contribute domain-, content-, and risk-level analysis, examining and contrasting the websites' domain names, creation times, SSL certificates, HTTP requests, page size, average load time, and content type. For risk analysis, we consider and examine the maliciousness of these websites at the website- and component-level. Among other interesting findings, we show that free content websites tend to be vastly distributed across the TLDs and exhibit more dynamics with an upward trend for newly registered domains. Moreover, the free content websites are 4.5 times more likely to utilize an expired certificate, 19 times more likely to be malicious at the website level, and 2.64 times more likely to be malicious at the component level. Encouraged by the clear differences between the two types of websites, we explore the automation and generalization of the risk modeling of the free content risky websites, showing that a simple machine learning-based technique can produce 86.81\% accuracy in identifying them.


We study fractional Brownian motion– (FBM–) driven fuzzy stochastic fractional evolution equations. These equations can be used to model fuzziness, long-range dependence, and unpredictability in hybrid real-world systems. Under various assumptions regarding the coefficients, we investigate the existence-uniqueness of the solution using an approximation method to the fractional stochastic integral. We can solve an equation with linear coefficients, for example, in financial models Application to a model of population dynamics is also illustrated. An example is propounded to show the applicability of our results.


BACKGROUND
Chronic stress is a contributing factor to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, characterizing the role of chronic social stressors in the development of problematic drinking trajectories in humans is complicated by practical and ethical constraints. Group-housed nonhuman primates (NHPs) develop social dominance hierarchies which represent a continuum of social experiences from enrichment in higher-ranked (dominant) monkeys to chronic social stress in lower-ranked (subordinate) individuals. This framework provides a translationally relevant model of chronic social stress that can be used to characterize its effects on vulnerability to AUD.

METHODS
12 male cynomolgus monkeys living in three social groups with established social dominance hierarchies were provided access to ethanol and water for 22 hrs/day, 4-5 days per week, for one year. Ethanol-free periods (2- or 3-day "weekends" or longer periods up to 10 days) were spent in social groups to maintain stability of the social hierarchies. Observational studies conducted six months into the year of drinking assessed signs of ethanol withdrawal. After one year, monkeys were individually housed 24 hours/day, 7 days/week for four consecutive weeks to examine the effect of eliminating the "weekends" spent socially housed.

RESULTS
Subordinate monkeys had significantly higher mean daily ethanol intakes than dominant monkeys across one year of open access. Subordinates also had higher intakes on the first day back drinking following ethanol-free periods of 9-10 days. Moreover, during the last four weeks of open access, intakes on the first drinking day after an ethanol-free weekend increased significantly in subordinate monkeys. This effect diminished when all monkeys were individually housed for four weeks, indicating that the increased intake in subordinates was driven by the social environment.

CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that social subordination, which is associated with chronic social stress, results in increased vulnerability to the development and maintenance of heavy drinking trajectories.


In this work, we investigate the characteristics of the spin-singlet state $\eta_b$ of the bottomonia family via the radiative decays of $\Upsilon(nS)\to \eta_b+\gamma$. The theoretical estimation of the decay widths is carried out in terms of the light-front quark model (LFQM). Recently CLEO and BaBar collaborations have measured $\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(3S)\to\gamma\eta_b)$ and the mass of ${\eta_b}$. In terms of the data we fix the concerned input parameters in our calculations of $\Upsilon(nS)\to \eta_b+\gamma$. A special attention is paid on the transition of $\Upsilon(5S)\to \eta_b+\gamma$. The BELLE data showed that the width of $\Upsilon(5S)\to \Upsilon(2S,1S)+\pi\pi$ is two orders larger than that of $\Upsilon(4S)\to \Upsilon(2S,1S)+\pi\pi$, thus some theoretical explanations have been proposed. Among them, it is suggested the inelastic final state interaction (IFSI) $\Upsilon(5S)\to B\bar B\to \Upsilon(1S)+\pi\pi$ may be a natural one. If so, a similar mechanism also applies to $\Upsilon(5S)\to B^{(*)}\bar B^{(*)}\to \eta_b+\gamma$, the precise measurement would serve as a good test whether $\Upsilon(5S)$ possess exotic components. Our calculation in the LFQM indicates that the rate of the direct process $\Upsilon(5S)\to\eta_b+\gamma$ is not anomalous compared to $\Upsilon(mS)\to\eta_b+\gamma (m=1,2,3,4)$, thus if the IFSI does apply, the rate of $\Upsilon(5S)\to\eta_b+\gamma$ should be larger than the others by orders.


The implementation of legal aid is a manifestation of Indonesia as a legal state that guarantees the human rights of citizens to equality before the law which is guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution. Within the framework of implementing this citizen's human rights, the provision of free legal aid is, among other things, obligated to advocates based on Article 22 Law on advocates and their implementing regulations. From this, two problem formulations were made as follows: What is the juridical review of the provision of pro bono legal aid? And what is the role of advocates in providing pro bono legal aid? This research is based on normative legal research, which is a research conducted by reviewing and analyzing legal materials and legal issues related to the problems studied. The results of the author's discussion found that free legal aid is the right of the poor to obtain the same justice as other communities, so that the protection of their rights is well fulfilled and the principle of equality before the law. Advocates are obliged to provide free legal aid to justice seekers, and to obtain free legal assistance, justice seekers must submit a written application to an advocate organization or legal aid institution.


The letter from Mr. J. Bonnar (16 February p. 287) reporting a relatively high incidence of ectopic gestation in patients using progestogen-only oral contraception is of sufficient importance to demand prompt comment. In our studies of 535 women taking these preparations for a total of 4594 months we have encountered three ectopic gestations. Case 1. Age 30. Para 5 + 3. Started chlormadinone acetate .5 mg daily in June 1969. Irregular menstruation and an incident of abdominal pain 25 September 1969. Laparotomy 22 October 1969 - left fimbrial ectopic gestation. Case 2. Age 23 Par 2 + 0. Started norethinsterone .35 mg daily in April 1969. Pain 27 June 1970. Laparotomy 1 July 1970 for ruptured left tubal pregnancy located 3 cm from fimbria. Case 3. Age 19. Par 2 + 0. Started megestrol acetate .5 mg in oil daily in January 1971. Eight weeks amenorrhea and suprapubic pain led to laparoscopic diagnosis of a ruptured left tubal pregnancy on 23 June 1971. In case 2 the patient admitted to missing some pills but this was not so with cases 1 and 3. The computed (life table) rates for ectopic gestation are .6 1.2 and 1.0 per 100 woman-years for chlormadinone acetate norethisterone and megestrol aceate in oil respectively- not so high as Mr. Bonnars figure of 2 per cent 100 woman-years but directly comparable with Tietzes calculation of .8-1.2 ectopic pregnancies per 100 woman-years in patients not employing any contraception at all. We have thus found no evidence that progestogen-only oral contraception tends to cause ectopic gestation. On the other hand there is little doubt that this procedure has the property of preventing intrauterine pregnancy but not preventing intrauterine pregnancy but not preventing tubal pregnancy - a situtation somewhat resembling that with intrauterine devices. There were 35 pregnancies in our study of which three were ectopic. The patient taking progestogen-only oral contraceptives who present with symptoms suggesting early pregnancy would be considered to have an increased risk of ectopic gestation. The basic significance of these observations seems to have escaped comment. The mode of action of low-dose progestogens in preventing pregnancy can not as has been claimed be an effect on cervical mucus as this would prevent ectopic pregnancy also. It seems likely that their direct action on the endometrium is responsible for the contraceptive action.(Full text)


This study aim ed to determine the effect of adobe flash based interactive media on the PGSD students' listening ability at FKIP Universit as Riau. Th is study involved 38 students consisting of 36 female students and 2 male students. The method in this study wa s pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design . The instrument to collect the data was a test consisting of 50 questions both in pretest and posttest. The n, the data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical techniques. The results showed that there was adobe flash based interactive media had no effect on th e students' listening ability at FKIP Universit as Riau .


No Air? HIF Can Help! See article p. 2646 Letting Lymphoid Progenitors In See article p. 2665 A GAP in Transendothelial Migration See article p. 2807 Blood-Borne RNA Correlates with Disease Severity in SLE See article p. 2854


Visible wavelength lasers are much sought after for many applications. In this paper we report that significant powers at blue (46 mw), green (5 mw) and red (30 mw) are now available from Tm3+ and Pr3+-doped ZBLAN fiber lasers using very convenient pumping schemes based on the Yb3+-doped silica fiber laser


Report that investigates the possibility of conserving coal despite its extensive use in railroad locomotives across the United States. Includes an experiment using different grades of coal in an approximation of a locomotive, as well as data regarding fuel utilization and loss.


Thetracheal isolation ofUreaplasma urealyticum fromcritically illinfants was investigated todetermine iftheorganism was associated withan inflammatory response. Twentynineneonates consecutivelyadmittedforacuterespiratory disease, withbirthweights of<1301gand noevidence ofviral, chlamydial, orbacterial infections, wereidentified. Culture results forureaplasmas werecorrelated withwhitecelil countsandclinical and radiographic features. Sixteen infants had tracheal aspirates and/or bloodspecimens positive forU urealyticum. Pneumonia was diagnosed more frequently in the U urealyticum positive infants thaninthe 13whowerenegative fortheorganism. The mean totalwhitecellcount,absolute neutrophil, andbandformcountswere significantly higher intheU urealyticum positive groupthaninthenegative group. Thesedatasuggest thatU urealyticum caninduceaninflammatory response in selected individuals who presentwith clinical, radiographic, and,in some instances, histological features ofpneumonia. DisChild 1995; 73:F37-F40)


Ancient Chinese scholars considered the nature as the philosophical proposition
of life's reflective objects and applied it in life. The passions of human
(pleasure, anger, sorrow and joy) often come from the natural landscapes.
Lao-Zhuang philosophy proposed the philosophical view of advocating the
nature and laid the natural landscape garden culture foundation. Meanwhile,
this acts on the landscapes of scholars. Chinese paintings and classical garden
culture are important constituent parts in traditional Chinese culture. Both of
them have a close relation. The former has the spiritual pursuit beyond the
world, while the latter endows spirit with entity, hoping for being a hermit in
the world. Beginning with theory of paintings, garden appreciation and garden
interest shown in Six Chapters of a Floating Life, the author studied Shen
Fu and his wife's comprehension on paintings, their contact details with
scholars in the same era, as well as life interest and life attitude in gardens,
trying to understand spiritual ballast of Qing scholars displayed in classical
gardens through small ones.


In this paper three new species of the genus Trocnadella are described from Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces, China. All the type specimens are deposited in the Guizhou Agricultural College.


The starting frequency within the range of the oscillator used, the width of each frequency step and the number of measurements within each step can be chosen. The computer produces the desired frequency which is compared with the actual spectrometer frequency shown by an 8- (or 7-) display digit frequency counter. After digital-to-analogue conversion via an add-and-hold circuit, the difference frequency signal tunes a free-running oscillator; this synchronises a super-regenerative oscillator, which is sensitive to the NQR absorption. The spectra obtained are calibrated to within +or-3 (or+or-10) Hz and are exactly linear with respect to frequency.


Egg burial behaviour, that is, when parents bury the eggs with a layer of nest material during the egg-laying stage, has been described in various egg-laying animals. Several functions of egg burial have been described in animals with different life histories and breeding traits, but rarely reveal distinctive functions between sister species. In the polygamous Eurasian penduline tit, Remiz pendulinus , sexual conflict over care has been proposed to drive egg burial since, during egg laying, females hide eggs from males to prevent them abandoning the nest. Females then have the option to desert the clutch themselves and leave parenting to the male. However, in a congeneric species, the Chinese penduline tit, Remiz consobrinus , males have been seen with females in the nest at night, which indicates males know of the eggs' existence. In this study, we investigated egg burial function in Chinese penduline tits and experimentally tested four hypothesized functions of egg-burying behaviour. (1) We found that egg burial is unlikely to play a role in sexual conflict resolution, as both males and females appeared to bury eggs during egg laying and both freely entered and roosted in the nests with eggs exposed at night. (2) Egg burial does not prevent nest parasitism, as no egg rejection or clutch abandonment was observed in clutches with model parasitic eggs. (3) Our results do not support the temperature regulation hypothesis since the temperature difference between buried and experimentally unburied eggs did not affect hatching success. (4) Notably, our results support the novel egg protection against wind hypothesis since the burying layer efficiently prevented the eggs from rolling out of wind-swayed nests. The difference our study found between the two Remiz species highlights that one behaviour, egg burial, can serve different evolutionary functions between closely related species.


We describe a learning algorithm that generates behaviors by self-organization of sensorimotor loops in an autonomous robot. The behavior of the robot is analyzed by a multi-expert architecture, where a number of controllers compete for the data from the physical robot. Each expert stabilizes the representation of the acquired sensorimotor mapping in dependence of the achieved prediction error and forms eventually a behavioral primitive. The experts provide a discrete representation of the behavioral manifold of the robot and are suited to form building blocks for complex behaviors.


Based on integral modeling method,FLUENT software was used to simulate fluidized bed jet mill to explore the changes in internal flow field under different actuating medium. Simulation results showed that there is little difference in air flow velocity pressure with different actuating medium,while a higher outlet velocity can be obtained when actuating medium with lower molecular weight flow through the Laval nozzle. Meanwhile,higher velocity of injective air in grinding chamber provides more chance for particles to enter the axial velocity area. Therefore,an actuating medium with lower molecular weight can increase the grinding efficiency effectively. Simulation results for different inlet pressure and back pressure on grinding airflow showed that the airflow velocity increases obviously with the building up in the inlet pressure,but less effected by the building up in the back pressure.


Since the concept of adaptivity has been introduced into the time-reversal mirror (TRM) in order to steer nulls and is referred to as the adaptive time-reversal mirror (ATRM), the ATRM has been applied to focus selectively on a weak target and to have multiple focusing simultaneously. In this study, the ATRM is applied to nulling the crosstalk between receivers in underwater communication when independent symbol sequences are sent simultaneously to different receivers. The nulling process utilizes probe source transmissions from the receiving locations in order to find the ATRM weight vectors to be backpropagated. The algorithm is applied to long-range underwater acoustic communication to show, via simulation, that the crosstalk at multiple receiving locations can be cancelled.


A girl aged 2was first brought to hospital with scabies, the child being carried despite her age. Inquiry showed that bullae had been present on her feet each summer since birth. The severity was such that she could not get out of the upstairs flat for four to five months each summer unless she was carried. Her younger brother, aged 1, was already affected. Her mother was affected, as were the maternal grandmother, great-grandmother, and great-great-grandmother. The condition was so obviously inherited from the mother's family that the father (who claimed not to have known about it before marriage) was annoyed to the extent of threatening to leave the house and family. There was no other abnormality present, the hair, nails, and teeth all being normal. The full family tree is shown.


Feminism and Addiction and Feminist Perspectives on Addictions examine a wide array of issues related to women and addictive behaviors. Bepko's book is "an attempt to redress the imbalance of focus in mainstream treatment paradigms by exploring women's issues . . . and looking at our constructs about addiction" (p. 1). Van Den Bergh's goal is to develop "an anthology that would include an examination of a broad base of addictive disorders, as well as taking a particular look at certain at-risk-for-addiction population groups, through a feminist lens" (p. vii). To accomplish their goals, both women developed edited volumes. Bepko's book consists of 12 chapters, all written by family therapists. Topics include theory related to women and addiction; application of feminist approaches to training and treatment; and special issues such as shame, and male and female codependency. Van Den Bergh's 14 chapters cover gender roles, power, and addictions; substance dependencies; and process dependencies, including codependency, gambling, compulsive sexual behavior, and compulsive work. Authors are from psychology, sociology, social work, psychiatry, and counseling. An emphasis on the unique issues and experiences of women with addictive behavior patterns lies at the heart of both volumes. The influences of society in shaping women's sense of powerlessness and lack of control, the development of low self-esteem, and the social inequities that women face are all familiar themes. Many of the chapters focus on sex-role conflicts and the experience of physical andlor sexual abuse as unique aspects of the experience of women with addictive behaviors. Common treatment themes focus on providing treatment in women's treatment programs with women clinicians and providing an integrated treatment


Objective
To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and provide basis for early diagnosis of OCCC.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on 45 patients with OCCC, who were pathologically diagnosed and treated in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2005 to May 2017.

Results
In forty-five cases of OCCC, forty-six lesions were found (forty-four cases of unilateral ovarian lesions, one case of bilateral ovarian lesion). Among forty-six lesions, thirty-two (69.6%) were regular in shape, fourteen (30.4%) were irregular. Among forty-six lesions, forty (87.0%) had clear margin, six (13.0%) had blurry margin. The maximum diameter of lesion was 4.8-17.6 cm with mean value of 10.2±3.4 cm. Fifteen lesions (32.6%) were predominantly solid, twelve lesions (26.1%) were cystic, and nineteen lesions (41.3%) were mixed. The color Doppler examination showed that twenty-eight (69.9%) lesions had abundant blood flow, while eighteen (39.1%) lesions had little blood flow. Ascites was found in six (13.3%) cases.

Conclusions
OCCC usually appears as a large unilateral mass with mixed component, clear margin and abundant blood flow.Ultrasound examination can play an important role in the early diagnosis of OCCC, and provide valuable information for surgical treatment.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Ovarian tumors; Ovarinan clear cell carcinoma


Dispersion of nano-sized gold particles into polymers was investigated from the viewpoint of terminal groups and molecular motion of the matrix polymers, and from morphology of vapor-deposited gold. NH
 2
-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-NH
 2
) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used as the matrix polymers. When gold with a thickness of 20 nm was vapor-deposited onto a melt of PEO-NH
 2
 at 60 °C, nano-sized gold particles were smoothly dispersed into the melt. On the other hand, gold vapor-deposited on a melt of PEG formed only conglomerates. When gold with a thickness of 3 nm was vapor-deposited onto PEO-NH
 2
 and PEG films kept at 20 °C, it formed particulate films. The gold particles formed were not dispersed into the polymer films by heat-treatment below the melting point of the polymer. However, when the polymer films were melted by heat-treatment at 50 °C, the gold particles were dispersed only into PEO-NH
 2
. When gold with a thickness of 20 nm was vapor-deposited on the polymer films, it formed conglomerates, therefore the dispersion of gold particles into both polymers was not observed even upon heat-treatment at 50 °C. Measurements of spin-spin relaxation time by solid-state 1
H NMR indicated that the molecular motion of PEO-NH
 2
 was restricted below the melting point. Therefore, the dispersion of the nano-sized particles occurred only above the melting point of PEO-NH
 2
.


Hereditary cerebellar ataxias are a group of neurodegenerative diseases with clinical and genetic heterogeneity and variable age at onset. Next-Generation Sequencing technology has revolutionized the paradigm of clinical diagnostics, helping to end the long search for a genetic cause. A Targeted Next-Generation Resequencing Panel, containing 273 genes known or supposed to be related to hereditary ataxias, was performed in 39 index ataxic patients, recruited from the Ataxias Clinic of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science Department of the Federico II University. We identified eighteen probands out of 39 (46%) carrying pathogenic variants in ten different genes: SPG7 (five probands), PNPLA6 (three probands), SYNE1 (two probands), SETX (two probands), RNF216, ZFYVE26, ANO10, PMM2, ATP13A2 and TGM6 (one proband each). Variants of unknown significance were found in nine probands (23%). In the remaining twelve out of 39 cases (31%) no candidate variants or variants with unlikely pathogenicity were identified. Our findings suggest that after exclusion of repeat expansion ataxias, ataxia Targeted Next-Generation Resequencing Panel, could be a good first tier diagnostic line, when a specific single gene is not immediately suspected to be causative.


Due to the increasing demand for renewable energy resources, there is an increase in the demand for dam construction for the purpose of producing hydropower. India plans to produce 175GW of its power from renewable resources by 2022, including several new dams that are located in highly seismic zones. The seismic performance evaluation of concrete dams has been an extensive area of research specifically after the Koyna Dam incident in India, and various numerical evaluation approaches have been proposed to evaluate the seismic performance of dams such as discrete and smeared crack approach, and the extended and discrete finite element methods. In this study, the performance of the Koyna Dam was evaluated utilizing a scaled finite element model and performing nonlinear time history analysis. The concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model was used to represent the structural behavior as well as the tensile damage development during earthquake loading. Loma Prieta's time history record, scaled to IS 1893 spectrum for zone 4, was implemented for the analysis. The acceleration response and the maximum strains in selected regions were compared with those from a shake table test carried out on a scaled model of the Corra Linn dam in British Columbia, Canada. These results will help refine critical region locations of concrete gravity dams, especially for the Koyna Dam, and the analysis will help identify weaknesses in the design and the viability of seismic performance assessment approaches.


The isotopic shift of the v2 NO3−1 absorption of mixtures of K15NO3 and K14NO3 at 800 and 825 cm−1 has been used to demonstrate that Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy is a technique which is useful for quantitative analysis of solid mixtures.


The job market concerning the accounting area in Brazil has been undergoing profound changes, challenging Brazilian Universities to adapt, as necessary, their curriculum of undergraduate courses. Therefore, describe the perspectives that the students of Accounting Sciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul have about their professional future will allow to understand their preferences and motivations in the accounting area, contributing to educational institutions regarding these adjustments. The descriptive research was carried out at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, counting on a sample of 91 students from the Accounting Sciences course of which 33 students were from the first semester, 27 students from the fourth and 31 from the eighth semester. The results show that the majority of the students are male, between 18 and 24 years of age. They studied both Elementary and High School in public schools and only 13% is already graduated or engaged on other courses. Approximately 49% of the students work in the accounting area, highlighting the Audit and Expertise areas, with 8 students each. Most of the students had as main motivations to choose the course, to believe that the job market provides good employment opportunities and to have increased ease in mathematical calculations. It was observed that the eighth semester students expect a lower monthly income after graduating, if compared to the first and fourth semester students. Finally, it was pointed out that about 30% of the students intend, within 5 years, to be employed elsewhere. 26% expect to work in public bodies in the Accounting area and 25% intend to work with Audit.


This study examined the different ways in which job complexity influences employees' job crafting. Specifically, we draw on conservation of resources (COR) theory to hypothesize that job complexity is positively related to approach crafting via work engagement (i.e., resource gain process). At the same time, job complexity may also induce employees to engage in avoidance crafting (i.e., resource loss process) as employee energy resources are depleted. Our data consist of 251 employees working in Macau. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus software to test the proposed hypotheses. Our findings confirm that job complexity has differential effects on approach and avoidance crafting through work engagement and energy depletion. These findings highlight the importance of costs and benefits of job complexity and the importance of resources in the employees' job crafting process. We discuss the practical implications for modern organizations in which complex jobs are prevalent.


Uniquely among birds of coastal North Africa, Brown-throated Martins breed during the northern winter. Over ten years, the amount of rainfall in the six months before the breeding season was positively correlated with numbers of nests in November, and negatively with nest numbers in January. The evidence available suggests that winter breeding is most likely a response to the availability of insect food, acting through rain-induced vegetation growth, rather than a strategy to avoid predation, competition, or adverse weather conditions. This species may be more able than other species to breed in winter, because their deep nest tunnels provide protection against severe weather.


ABSTRACT In this paper we examine necessary and sufficient conditions on the sequences of norm of the derivatives of functions in such that their spectrum (the support of their Fourier transform) is contained in a given compact set in .


As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to permeate various domains, concerns surrounding trust and transparency in AI-driven inference and training processes have emerged, particularly with respect to potential biases and traceability challenges. Decentralized solutions such as blockchain have been proposed to tackle these issues, but they often struggle when dealing with large-scale models, leading to time-consuming inference and inefficient training verification. To overcome these limitations, we introduce BRAIN, a Blockchain-based Reliable AI Network, a novel platform specifically designed to ensure reliable inference and training of large models. BRAIN harnesses a unique two-phase transaction mechanism, allowing real-time processing via pipelining by separating request and response transactions. Each randomly-selected inference committee commits and reveals the inference results, and upon reaching an agreement through a smart contract, then the requested operation is executed using the consensus result. Additionally, BRAIN carries out training by employing a randomly-selected training committee. They submit commit and reveal transactions along with their respective scores, enabling local model aggregation based on the median value of the scores. Experimental results demonstrate that BRAIN delivers considerably higher inference throughput at reasonable gas fees. In particular, BRAIN's tasks-per-second performance is 454.4293 times greater than that of a naive single-phase implementation.


A tacit assumption, often made by patients and practitioners alike, is that the properties of contact lens solutions (e.g. relative acidity, buffering capacity, osmolarity, viscosity...) are dictated directly by the intended use(s) listed on a product's label. But for the assumption to be correct, another assumption might be made as well, that is, that there should be a single "best" combination of properties to accomplish the label stated mission. Another way of saying this is that solutions in a particular use class might be expected to hover within narrow limits, around a set of ideal (pH, buffer, viscosity..) values, and consequently would end up looking very similar to one another in their property profiles.


The theory of fuzzy set is applied to discuss the fuzzy fault tree analysis and its application based on triangular fuzzy number arithmetic operations.The methods to transform various kinds of fuzzy number into triangular ones are discussed,which are adaptive to the need of practice.Finally,an example is given to illustrate the method.


This paper make a brief introduction to overload capability of HVDC, and show the necessity and feasibility of using overload capability of HVDC in China Southern Power Grid. Overload capability of Tian-Guang HVDC and Gui-Guang HVDC transmission systems and its practical use in China Southern Power Grid are analyzed. Some problems in the practical use are pointed out and solutions to these problems are given.


Eco-environmental conservation has been a long challenge and even bottleneck for sustainable hydropower development. This study comprehensively reviewed the advances of researches on river damming impacts on biogeochemical cycling and thereby the aquatic eco-environment effects, zoobenthos habitat, fish habitat and migration routes, as well as structure and non-structure conservation measures. It analyzed the current challenges in fundamental researches and engineering applications as well as the underlying reasons, and highlighted the core aspects for future investigations. These include:① Long-term in-situ monitoring to discover the interception, transformation and transport processes of biogenic elements, and reveal the associated mechanism as well as the accumulated eco-environmental impacts; ② Reservoir induced changes in effective accumulated temperature regime for fish gonadal development and critical temperature regime for fish spawning, and consequently their joint effects on fish reproduction. In particular, the study pointed out the irrationality of some mandatory measures for indigenous fish conservation at present, and proposed the options such as ecological flow and tributary habitat compensation for high dams, and finally it provided some novel technologies to quantitatively assess the efficiency of conservation measures.


Changes in the middle cerebral arteries, especially in the media, of rats with experimental hypertension were electron microscopically studied. The animals whose brains showed gross hemorrhage or softening were excluded. Medial lesions were severer than intimal ones. Medial smooth muscle cells exhibited focal cytoplasmic degradation, and most of the necrotic parts were found in autophagic vacuoles. There were also vacuoles which resulted from disposal of the degraded cytoplasm in the autophagic vacuoles. The disposed necrotic parts, discharged out of the cells were seen as vesicles varying in size around the smooth muscle cells. The medial smooth muscle cells became smaller as if torn off, and finally disappeared.


International business activity is increasingly prominent, even among the smallest and newest organizations. This paper explores, from the SME perspective, five elements (the 5Rs) associated with their international activity. The characteristics of firms within the diverse SME sector imply that they would have different rationales for entering overseas markets, different views on government support and so on. While firm size does influence decision making in a minority of areas, international intensity (the percentage of exports within total sales) is usually the key factor in understanding the internationalization process. These findings should be valuable to policy makers, practitioners and academics.


Samuel Merrill, born October 29, 1792, in Peacham, Vermont, and died in Indianapolis, August 24, 1855, was the second son of Jesse and Priscilla Merrill. The first American Merrill was a Puritan who left England in 1637, and settled the next year in Ipswich, Massachusetts. His name was Nathaniel. His descend ants in a direct line to the subject of the present notice, were Abel, Nathaniel, Samuel, Samuel and Jesse. The second Samuel lost his father when very young, and seems to have been thrown entirely on his own resources; which, however, were sufficient. By farm ing and lumbering he acquired a handsome property. He joined the Revolutionary army during Burgoyne's invasion, and as cap tain of a company, was present at the surrender at Saratoga. The following paragraph from a private letter written by a granddaughter of Captain Merrill gives something of his char acter, as well as that of his wife: "Our grandfather was a man of a good deal of energy and independence of character, with great firmness and tenacity of pur pose. Of course, this made an enterprising man. Such he was. His business extended over much of New Hampshire and Ver mont. Withal he was eminently social, quick at repartee, a most genial companion, and not wanting in the little comities of life. Now, if you have known in any of his descendants, a something of the severe (not sour or morose, hardly indeed severe) with an apparent determination not to be driven to talk, and an ability to> confer with one's self, notwithstanding surroundings, added to all a sarcasm seldom used, but always ready and keen as 'Damascene blade/ making the flesh to quiver at the thought of it, I say when you find these traits, it is their inheritance from Abigail Eaton, the wife of Samuel Merrill, a woman of great excellence of character and propriety of manner, of whom all the world were ready to aver that she never uttered a wrong or useless word.


In Eisner's discussion of whether or not VtSUaI culture s1lolAd be an integral part of an art curriculum, he expresses concem abou1lhe IranstormatJon 01 a studen'l froma "pt'o(1JCbve youngartist" into an -analytic spectaIOl' .· Why cent a productIVe art studefl1 be synonymous with an analytic spectatorwith regard10 the inevitable immersion in visual culture? " the student is educated in the study of visual cunure. howoces that negabYety artect the an product heJshe produces? We wouldarguethat contrary to Eisnef's assertIOn. amstsare inevitably analytic spectators. A curriculum lor VisualCulture Study shouldexposequestiOnable mediapractrces, illuminatethe power 01 images. and leach students 10 cnbcal'y analyze ttIe viSual cenure mat permeates their lives. In earlier wntlngS. Eisner (1995) argues thalll an art curriculumincluded the study of popular images. the arts ctme vernacular wouldat least in principle help developa level 01critical consciousness that is now generally absentin our culture. Eisner's earlier writings seem to contradict his arguments in the present article.


The utility model relates to a single-clack type check valve which comprises a valve disc, a fixing part and a seal device. The seal device comprises a first seal element and a second seal element, the valve disc is provided with a fixed end and a movable end, the fixing part comprises a pin arranged at the fixed end of the valve disc, an elastic part is sleeved between the pin and the valve disc, the first seal element is arranged at the position, close to the fixed end, of the valve disc, and the second seal element is arranged at the movable end of the valve disc. The single-clack type check valve has the advantages of being small in size, flexible in movement, favorable for production, low in cost, good in seal performance and capable of effectively reducing loss of fluid.


We deduce momentum sum rules for the parton structure functions of a photon target. Non-perturbative QCD contribution to the momentum sum rules follows from conservation of the energy--momentum tensor and it is calculated through the hadronic part of the photon vacuum polarization operator. The contribution of the unresolved photon unambiguously follows from gauge invariance, renormalizability and asymptotic freedom in QCD. We also compare available parametrizations of parton distribution in a photon with the deduced sum rules.


The Software Cost and Quality Engineering methodology developed over the last two decades at IBM Federal Sector Div. is used to plan the NASA Space Station Data Management System (DMS). An ongoing project to capture this methodology, which is built on a foundation of experiences and lessons learned, has resulted in the development of a PC-based tool that integrates cost and quality forecasting methodologies and data in a consistent manner. This tool, Software Cost and Quality Engineering Starter Set (SCQESS), is being used to assist in the DMS costing exercises. At the same time, DMS planning serves as a forcing function and provides a platform for the continuing, iterative development, calibration, and validation and verification of SCQESS. The data that forms the cost and quality engineering data base is derived from more than 17 years of development of NASA Space Shuttle software, ranging from low criticality, low complexity support tools to highly complex and highly critical onboard software.


Abstract : This report is the second of three volumes that describe the Ammunition Resupply Model (ARM). The model was designed to simulate those activities associated with ammunition resupply. This manual contains the FORTRAN code of the ARM simulation and a description of the major event subroutines. Volume I contains the user instructions and methodology of the ARM model. The third volume contains a standard European Heavy division data base. (Author)


Abstract : Several papers on the thermal dehydration of liquids - liquids in dispersed state, presented in the All-Union Conference on Heat and Mass Transfer, are reviewed. Problems of the analysis and design of the processes of heat and mass exchange during spray drying are defined.


Digital elevation models (DEM's) have been used wide range of application in civil engineering, planning, natural resource management, earth science and military studies. DEMs also became an indispensable source for Geographic Information Systems, which is playing a vital role for example in decision-making, urban and town planning. The generation and updating of DEM's in urban areas has to be fast, accurate and economic, because of the rapid development in such areas. Terrestrial measurement are too time consuming and expensive. Together with recent progress of image matching techniques and intelligent filtering, the automatic generation of DEM's became possible. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the automatic creation of DEM's under the difficult condition of a build up area. The operational steps, general aspects, problems and restrictions of automatic generation of DEM's are investigated by using aerial images of Hannover, Germany as a test data set. KENTSEL ALANLARDA OTOMATİK SAYISAL YÜKSEKLİK MODELİ ÜRETİMİ, SORUNLAR VE SINIRLAMALAR


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the association of callous-unemotional traits, hostile attribution bias, and relational victimization experiences among 228 Greek preadolescent students attending the last two primary school grades. No significant gender differences were found. Correlations showed positive associations among relational victimization, callous-unemotional traits, and hostile attribution bias. Multiple regression indicated that preadolescents with high callous and unemotional traits and hostile attribution bias who experienced physical aggression were more likely to be relationally victimized. Results emphasize the role of both personal and social-cognitive factors in relational victimization, and are discussed in terms of their practical implications.


The present invention relates to a local distribution of agricultural products monitoring method. Regions agricultural distribution monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention is the local agricultural distribution data by using the agricultural information data for a specific area transferred to the central control of the remote through a mobile terminal equipped a (Global Positioning System) GPS Module in the regional agricultural distribution monitoring method for generating and managing the step of receiving the area information of the specific area from the user via the mobile communication terminal, comprising: receiving the produce information of a specific area from the user via the mobile communication terminal and the mobile communication further comprising: a terminal generates an agricultural information data for a specific area using the area information and agricultural information, the mobile communication terminal analyzes the steps and a central control portion produce information data to be transmitted to produce information data over the Internet as part a central control of the remote the regional agricultural minutes Characterized by generating a grape and managing data.


The article made characteristics of the investment attractiveness of AIC of Ukraine. Based on foreign experience assesses the investment industry are implemented. The basic priorities and directions of investment activity to ensure rapid development of food processing industry are established.


The smooth and nonsmooth approaches to the discrete element method (DEM) are examined from a computational perspective. The main difference can be understood as using explicit versus implicit time integration. A formula is obtained for estimating the computational effort depending on error tolerance, system geometric shape and size, and on the dynamic state. For the nonsmooth DEM (NDEM), a regularized version mapping to the Hertz contact law is presented. This method has the conventional nonsmooth and smooth DEM as special cases depending on size of time step and value of regularization. The use of the projected Gauss‐Seidel solver for NDEM simulation is studied on a range of test systems. The following characteristics are found. First, the smooth DEM is computationally more efficient for soft materials, wide and tall systems, and with increasing flow rate. Secondly, the NDEM is more beneficial for stiff materials, shallow systems, static or slow flow, and with increasing error tolerance. Furthermore, it is found that just as pressure saturates with depth in a granular column, due to force arching, also the required number of iterations saturates and become independent of system size. This effect make the projected Gauss‐Seidel solver scale much better than previously thought. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The orthogonal signal generation (OSG) based single-phase phase-locked loops (PLLs) are probably the most popular and widely used single-phase PLLs within the areas of power electronic and power systems. The main difference among these PLLs lies in the OSG technique they use in their structure. The Kalman filter, second-order generalized integrator, all-pass filter (APF), transfer delay, Hilbert transform, and differentiator are well-known OSG techniques. Thanks to its ease of implementation, the APF is one of the most attractive OSG techniques. Despite its simplicity, using the APF has a serious drawback: the fictitious signal created by the APF is not orthogonal to the original single-phase signal when the grid frequency deviates from its nominal value. To deal with this problem, the frequency estimated by the PLL can be fed back to APF to make it frequency adaptive. Some stability concerns about adding such frequency feedback loop to the PLL structure, however, has reported in literature. Proposing two approaches to deal with this problem of APF based PLL is the main aim of this paper.


Objective To compare the electric resistance,stratum corneum thickness,and biochemical composition in acupoint and non-acupoint skin,and the osmotic properties of sinapine by acupoint and non-acupoint administration with Baijiezi Tufang(Baijiezi liniment prescription),to investigate the effect of dermal biophysical characteristics on cutaneous administration of sinapine,and to provide the experimental support of acupoint transdermal of Baijiezi Tufang for the treatment of asthma.Methods Skin electrical resistance was measured with a specially designed meter,the thickness of stratum corneum was detected through microscope after the skin slice was stained by HE,and the skin biochemistry ingredients were compared by laser Raman spectroscopy.The permeability through acupoint and non-acupoint skin was examined with the modified Franz diffusion cell in vitro and tape-stripping in vivo,using sinapine as index.The content of sinapine was determined by HPLC.In in vivo permeability experiment,the stratum corneum was isolated and the distribution of drugs in various layers of acupoint and non-acupoint was compared.Results The dermal resistance in acupoint was lower than that in non-acupoint(P 0.05) and the stratum corneum of acupoint was thinner than that of non-acupoint(P 0.05).However,the biochemistry ingredients of them were almost the same.The 24 h cumulative amount through the acupoint skin was about 6.8 times as that through the non-acupoint skin,and the steady-state flux of sinapine across acupoint skin was 6.1 times as that across in non-acupoint skin.Sinapine retention in acupoint skin was significantly higher than that in non-acupoint skin(P 0.05) both in vitro and in vivo after 24 h of administration,and the retention in stratum corenum of acupoint was also higher than that in stratum corneum of non-acupoint at different time points within 24 h.Conclusion The permeation and retention of sinapine in Baijiezi Tufang through acupoint skin are higher than those through non-acupoint skin,which relates to the lower electrical resistance and thinner stratum corenum of acupoint skin.It suggests the rationale evidence for acupoint administration in clinic application of Baijiezi Tufang.


An inability to react emotionally and to " feel " in the highest sense of the word is a disturbance, the concept of which has evolved slowly in psychiatry and has come to assume ever-increasing importance. The grosser degrees of the condition have been known for a long time and recognized as a sign of unfavourable outcome. Thus over 100 years ago, in 1838, Esquirol wrote, "When the sensibility of lunatics is so weakened that they can look at the sun, that they have lost taste and smell, and that they remain unmoved by all discomforts, they will not get well". From Kraepelin's classic account of dementia praecox which first appeared in the earlier edition of his textbook at the end of the nineteenth century, it is clear that he regarded this affective change as one of the cardinal features of this disease entity, for he described not only such signs as causeless, inappropriate laughter, but also subjective complaints of emotional emptiness and lack of feeling (Kraepelin, 1919). At the beginning of this century lack of affect began to attract serious detailed discussion. Stransky described a disturbance of coordination between the intellectual attributes of the whole psyche and the affective attributes, which he called intrapsychic ataxia (Stransky, 1909). Bleuler, in his famous monograph on dementia praecox first published in 1910, built up a vivid clinical picture with illustrative examples from patients he had seen (Bleuler, 1950). He regarded lack of affect as a bad prognostic sign and evidence of chronicity, remarking that " it has been known since the early years of modern psychiatry that an acute curable psychosis became chronic when the affects began to disappear ". For him it is one of the primary signs of schizophrenia and peculiarly typical of that ill-defined group. He recognized that it frequently appears in organic dementias, although it is then overshadowed by changes in the cognitive sphere. Bleuler was the first to observe that these patients have not in fact lost the capacity to react emotionally, but that they react in an unusual and frequently incomprehensible way. We can confirm this from our own experience, having a vivid recollection of several very chronic schizophrenic mental hospital inmates whose affect appeared to have been lost, but who showed all the signs of fear in an exaggerated form when confronted with a Benedict-Roth basal metabolism apparatus (Harris, 1938). This observation has been further borne out by recent experimental work (Malmo, Shagass, and Smith, 1951). The most accurate term for the affect in these patients is " inappropriate ", but we prefer to use as a rule the more convenient word " flat ". Affective flattening has also been described as a reversible phenomenon produced by oxygen lack (McFarland, 1932; Hoskins, 1937), and by von Economo in encephalitis lethargica (von Economo, 1931). Some attempts have been made to explain it. Thus Kant (1942) regarded it as a reaction of frustration to mental disintegration and loss of capacity for normal responses. Abely and Abely (1932), after trying to distinguish disturbances in the separate spheres of mood, emotion, and feelings, decide that the phenomena are all explicable on the basis of a failure of association in the Wundtian sense as postulated by Bleuler in the case of schizophrenic thought disorder. The orthodox Freudian view seems to be that it is a symptom of libidinal regression to the ego and of the consequent narcissism (Fenichel, 1934; Symons, 1941). Bleuler's demonstration that the course of schizophrenic illnesses was variable and the outlook not uniformly bad led to various prognostic enquiries. In these the uniformity with which many different workers found affective flattening to be an adverse factor was striking (Strecker and Willey, 1924; Stalker, 1939; Malamud and Render, 1939; Gildea and Man, 1943). However, papers also appeared describing patients with affective flattening who did get well (Strecker and Willey, 1927; Rennie, 1941). A follow-up study, covering the whole group of the functional psychoses, found it to be the one clinical sign of definitely grave prognostic significance, although in 11 % of the patients who showed it the disease ran a favourable course (Harris and Norris, 1954). Many of these authors made it clear that it is not a feature of many illnesses diagnosable as 308 gest. P rocted by coright.


Gold (Au) huge particles were prepared by a pyrolysis process of AuCl3 dissolved in distilled water in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the obtained samples. The results showed that Au huge particles with a diameter close to 500 nm were fabricated. The electrocatalytic performance of the huge Au particles modified graphite electrode in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV). It indicated that the pyrolysis time was a key factor that can affect the electrocatalysis of Au huge particles towards ORR. Developing a novel and simple method of pyrolysis for fabricating Au huge particles is the main contribution of this work, which will be very helpful in the preparation of Au huge particles on a large scale.


High density polyethylene (PE) due to the high hydrogen content (14%), low oxygen content, low-cost and largely existed and alkali lignin (AL) one of main constituents in biomass, were employed in this study. PE and AL were mixed at various ratios, which were 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 (mass ratio) respectively, using planetary ball mill. TG-MS was used to study the thermal mass-loss characteristics and the evolution character of syngas of the mixture of PE and AL in an inert atmosphere. There was a distinct mass loss stage (420-526 °C) during the co-pyrolysis of the mixtures, the temperature corresponding to the maximum mass loss rate was lower than the estimated value which was calculated from the experimental data of individual component pyrolysis regarding the mixing ratio, and the maximum mass loss rate was larger than the estimated value, which indicated that PE and AL could promote each other to decompose. The mass loss of the thermal degradation process was approximately linear to the ratio of PE. The main gaseous products of PE were CO, CH4, H2O, and little H2, while the ones of AL were H2O, CO2, CH4 and CO. The corresponding peak areas of CO and H2O was larger than the estimated value in the co-pyrolysis of the mixtures, which indicated that there was a mutual promotion between PE and AL.


Forecasting the full distribution of the number of earthquakes is revealed to be inherently superior to forecasting their mean. Forecasting the full distribution of earthquake numbers is also shown to yield robust projections in the presence of "surprise" large earthquakes, which in the past have strongly deteriorated the scores of existing models. We show this with pseudo-prospective experiments on synthetic as well as real data from the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) database for California, with earthquakes with magnitude larger than 2.95 that occurred between the period 1971-2016. Our results call in question the testing methodology of the Collaboratory for the study of earthquake predictability (CSEP), which amounts to assuming a Poisson distribution of earthquake numbers, which is known to be a poor representation of the heavy-tailed distribution of earthquake numbers. Using a spatially varying ETAS model, we demonstrate a remarkable stability of the forecasting performance, when using the full distribution of earthquake numbers for the forecasts, even in the presence of large earthquakes such as Mw 7.1 Hector Mine, Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah, Mw 6.6 Sam Simeon earthquakes, or in the presence of intense swarm activity in Northwest Nevada in 2014. While our results have been derived for ETAS type models, we propose that all earthquake forecasting models of any type should embrace the full distribution of earthquake numbers, such that their true forecasting potential is revealed.


For quite some time, Beatriz Sarlo has been at the forefront of the debate over the possibility of ascertaining the aesthetic value of art. The Argentine critic's dismissal of value-neutral approaches to art has been often criticised as a repackaging of the aestheticist tradition inherited from the European Enlightenment. Using Sarlo's own critical practice – a selection of Sarlo's key texts on Argentine literature written since 1980 – as a testing ground for her theoretical insights I argue in favour of re-evaluating Sarlo's project as an aporetic discourse with positive implications for cultural politics that should be refined rather than abandoned.


Today, Americans increasingly concerned about the matter of immigration in the United States. A growing number believe that immigrants are burden to the country, taking jobs and housing and creating strains on the health care system. Many Americans are also worry about the cultural impact of the expanding number of newcomers to the U.S. This paper aims to present a brief but concise discussion by reviewing literature that deals on the development of ethnic identity of first generation immigrants' students in the U.S. This is a relevant study since the influx of immigrants coming in the U.S. has made great impact on the over-all societal changes.


. The concrete is modeled as a material with damage and plasticity, whereat the viscoplastic and the viscoelastic behaviour depends on the rate of the total strains. Due to the damage behaviour the compliance tensor develops different properties in tension and compression. There have been tested various yield surfaces and flow rules, damage rules respectively to their usability in a concrete model. One three–dimensional yield surface was developed from a failure surface based on the Willam–Warnke five–parameter model by the author. Only one general uni-axial (cid:27) (cid:0) (cid:15) –curve is used for the numeric control of the yield surface. From that curve all necessary parameters for different strengths of concrete and different strain rates can be derived by affine transformations. For the flow rule in the compression zone a non associated inelastic potential is used, in the tension zone a Rankine potential. Conditional on the time-dependent formulation, the symmetry of the system equations is maintained in spite of the usage of non-associated potentials for the derivation of the inelastic strains. In computations viscoplastic rested on an approach to The parameters of this law selected that there only exists a pseudo dependence the strain


This research has a purpose to provide financial ratios in predicting financial distress of bank. The financial ratios that are used are CAR, ROA, ROE, LDR, BOPO, NIM and NPL. By using purposive sampling method, there 11 banks which experience financial distress and 11 banks which do not experience financial distress as comparison. This research used Logistic Regression to analyze financial ratios in predicting financial distress. Logistic Regression was used twice by using data of 2 years prior to financial distress and 1 year prior to financial distress. The result showed that logistic regression model by using data of 2 years prior to financial distress was a good model while model by using data of 1 year prior to financial ratios was not a good model and could not be used. The final result showed that CAR, NIM, and NPL have positive influence while ROA, ROE, LDR and BOPO have negative influence in predicting financial distress of bank. Keyword: financial distress, financial ratios, logistic regression


The article highlights certain aspects of the set theory and topology in Puzyna's work Theory of analytic functions (1899, 1900). In particular, the following notions are considered: derivative of a set, cardinality, connectedness, accumulation point, surface, genus of surface.