【Objective】The area of reserved cultivated land resource in Xinjiang is 1 425.60×104 hm2,accounting for about 21.69% countrywide.The function of cultivating land protection of Xinjiang is becoming increasingly important in China with the emerging land conflict and food security by the accelerating urbanization and industrialization and growing population.This paper analyses strength,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of cultivated land protection of Xinjiang by SWOT analysis method in order to provide bases for making and implementing relevant strategies to protect cultivated land.【Method】SWOT analysis method was used in our research.【Results】(1) From 1997 to 2007,the area of cultivated land of all provinces in China decreased except that in Xinjiang.There are three stages of change of cultivated land area.The first stage is the rapid growth period from 1997 to 2001;the second is rapid decreasing period from 2001 to 2004;the third is rehabilitating period from 2004-2007.(2) The comparative advantages of protecting the cultivated land in Xinjiang lie in its abundant light,heat,water and soil resources,favorable agricultural productive conditions and excellent quality of agricultural products.The weakness is the severe shortage of water resources,impoverished soil,and soil erosion and salinization.The opportunities facing us are the increasing demand for our agricultural products in the surrounding regions and countries,the increased yearly economic efficiency of cultivated land and the greater investment by Xinjiang and the state.Challenges are that the environment around the oases is constantly deteriorating and the ecological water is challenging the agricultural water,so the sustainable utilization of land is undergoing an austere test.【Conclusion】Conclusion can be drawn from the result of SWOT analyses: appropriate methods are likely to protect the cultivated land in Xinjinag and sustainable development of agriculture can be ensured.However,the shortage of water resources restricts its protection efforts in this area.Based on the above analyses,the stratagem of protecting cultivated land can be described as maintaining the area of the cultivated land,controlling land acquisition,promoting cultivated land quality and utilizing efficiency.


Besides ensuring property and exclusive rights to holders of intellectual creation, intellectual property protection allows innovation and spread of knowledge, balancing the interests of the holder and the benefits to society. In this sense, Intellectual Property is strategic in the globalized and competitive world scenario, in which knowledge and innovation capacity play an important role in the development of a country. Therefore, aiming at intellectual property management with focus on innovation, it is necessary to encourage cooperation between the ICT and companies, for the accomplishment of conjoint research works and technology development, besides boosting licensing procedures and technology transfer. Therefore, ICTs, with the help of NITs, should adopt policies for managing intellectual property, creating legal instruments and adapting the academic environment to the current regulations. The ICTs are responsible for stimulating the protection of intellectual property generated in the institution, by means of the NITs. They may operate in a network, improving and advancing the management of intellectual property. Intellectual property is a strategic factor for scientific and technological innovation. In Brazil, the collaboration between public and business sectors has been sought, aiming at the scientific, technological and social development of the country, through a continuous process of conjoint and coordinated actions.


This study explored how children and adolescents with a neuromuscular disorder (NMD) and their parents experienced barriers and enablers to the child's participation.


We investigate chaos synchronization in coupled chaotic oscillators by local feedback injections (pinnings). A novel approach to count the dimension of unstable manifold of coupled systems and to characterize the controllability condition of chaos synchronization is suggested. The relation between pinning density and the diffusive and gradient couplings is investigated in detail, and it is shown that high control efficiency can be achieved at strong gradient coupling.


An investigation of the ethanolic extract of the pods of Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth. afforded a A spectrophotometric method is proposed for determining sulfonamides in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations, based on the charge-transfer (CT) complex formation between phenosafranine as an acceptor and sulfonamides as donors in acetate buffer ( P H 3). The factors affecting the formation of the CT- complex were studied, linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range 1.07 – 16.70 µg/ml at 25oC. The minimum detection limit is in the rang 0.428-0.573 µg/ml. The same complexes have been studied in aqueous media for conductometric measurements. The method could be successfully adopted for pharmaceutical preparations. The molar conductivity coefficients were found to increase with increasing temperature (25-35 0 C) in all the systems studied. The stoichiometry of the sulfonamides phenosafranine complexes was found to be 1:1 in both techniquecs. Keyword: Charge transfer, spectrophotometry, conductometry, sulfonamides, phenosafranine


Water is a natural resource that fulfills the livelihood of many people, so it needs to be protected in order to remain useful in the life of sentient beings. The importance of water for the survival of the people in Pontianak City, so established PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa which is specialized in the management and distribution of clean water in accordance with health standards. It should be that the PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa performs its functions in accordance with the prevailing standards as contained in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and begins to apply the standard function of ISO 9001: 2015 quality assurance system to the quality of customer service for customer satisfaction (consumer) And achieve the effectiveness and efficiency of the company. But in reality, the standard of ISO 9001: 2015 quality assurance system has not been applied by PDAM Kota Pontianak. This is due to various constraints regarding the quality of customer service, among others: the number of leakage pipes, dirty water quality, brownish color and smelly water. In an effort to find out about the standard function of quality assurance system of ISO 9001: 2015 to quality of customer service of PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa pursuant to Consumer Protection Act, empirical research method is used with sampling of consumer of PDAM water service user and interview with PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa. Basically the quality assurance system of ISO 9001: 2015 on the quality of customer service is closely related to the fulfillment of consumer rights contained in the Consumer Protection Act, but the PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa has not been able to apply it due to the public budget conditions to have sophisticated technological equipment Plays an important role in the distribution of clean water, and the lack of qualified human resources, and water production services that are not in compliance with clean water standards. Therefore, it is expected that PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa can improve its service to the community in Pontianak City by increasing its human resources capacity, production capacity is upgraded and in accordance with health standards and replacing old equipment with more sophisticated technology. Hopefully in the future PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa can apply the standard of ISO 9001: 2015 quality assurance system to the quality of customer service and fulfill the consumer rights according to Consumer Protection Act.


Nowadays, the software industry is faced with challenges regarding complexity, time to market, quality standards and evolution. To face those challenges, two strategies that are gaining interest both in academy and industry are Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Software Product Lines (SPL). While SOA aims at building applications from an orchestration of services, SPL consists in building a set of core-assets and a derivation strategy based on such assets. Adopting such approaches involves important challenges with regard to existing software artifacts that must be transformed in order to respect an architecture that focus on modularity and reuse. This paper presents an industrial experience of such transformation. We propose a non-intrusive reverse engineering process for the development of modular services obtained automatically from existing software artifacts, and a variability-driven derivation process to assembly products out of such services. To validate our approach, we have implemented the reverse engineering and derivation processes using real software JEE artifacts from a component framework of reusable functionalities in several different enterprise applications. The results show important benefits in terms of the development time and flexibility.


In this work, we address the effect of C+ ion implantation on the formation of nickel-germanosilicide NiSi<inf>0.8</inf>Ge<inf>0.2</inf> on relaxed Si<inf>0.8</inf>Ge<inf>0.2</inf> layers. The layer morphology and sheet resistance are investigated as a function of the C+ implantation dose and annealing temperature. The presence of C atoms increases the NiSiGe thermal stability by about 200°C. We demonstrate that the carbon atoms retard the growth of germanosilicide layers, stabilize the NiSiGe phase and, due to C segregation at grain boundaries and interface during annealing, smooth the Ni Si<inf>0.8</inf>Ge<inf>0.2</inf>/Si<inf>0.8</inf>Ge<inf>0.2</inf> interface.


Effects of in situ etching of InP surfaces with PCl3 followed by low‐temperature in situ chemical vapor deposition of phosphorus‐nitride in a phosphorus‐rich ambiance using NH3/PCl3/H2 on trap states of the interfaces were studied. The breakdown field of the phosphorus‐nitride films was as high as 1×107 V cm−1 and the films showed trap‐assisted conduction in high electric field with resistivity higher than 1×1014 Ω cm near the electric field of 1×107 V cm−1. Interface properties were found to be critically dependent upon PCl3 molar fraction, both the etching and deposition time, and the etching and deposition temperature. The frequency dispersion of capacitance‐voltage characteristics in accumulation was about 3.3% for the frequency range from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. The hysteresis was as low as 0.17 V for the field electrode voltage swept between −6 and +6 V. The density of interface trap states, Nss, was 2×1011 cm−2 eV−1 at about 0.3 eV below the conduction‐band edge of InP and was 8×1011 cm−2 eV−1 near the bu...


Sweden has become a multicultural country which means that nurses encounter patients from diverse cultural backgrounds that in need of palliative care, this makes it important to examine the ability of nurse on how to deal with difficulties that may occur in the caring for patients in transcultural palliative care.The purpose of this study is to describe nurse's experience in transcultural palliative care. A literature review based on 11 articles describing nurse's experiences in transcultural palliative care. The articles used in the study are qualitative articles and has been researched in the database CINAHL, Medline and PubMed.The results show that communication has a vital part in providing a quality care for patients with different cultural backgrounds. An understanding of the patient's verbal and non-verbal communication is essential in order to create a good relationship between the nurse and the patient in palliative care. Using an interpreter requires that the nurse has the skills and knowledge of how to communicate through an interpreter in order to overcome communication barriers. The results show that different cultural beliefs can create challenges in transcultural nursing in palliative care. The nurse's knowledge of cultural differences is important in order to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. The result also shows that awareness, cultural sensitivity, patient autonomy and the family, are the factors that are important to give a good transcultural nursing in palliative care.The thesis shows that nurses' general knowledge about cultural sensitivity, respect and openness to different cultural differences and empathy may be important prerequisites for avoiding cultural challenges in transcultural nursing in palliative care. The nurse's ability to provide care that is personalized with a holistic view of the patient's situation and good communication is essential in order to perform good transcultural nursing in palliative care.


Various configurations of NbTi and Nb 3 Sn superconductors are of potential value for a large number of applications involving both dc and pulsed fields. The great diversity of superconductor magnet designs has required the development of a broad range of new conductor configurations. In design of conductors several objectives must be considered including stability, mechanical strength, cost and ease of handling. These objectives can be met through the use of monoliths, special sheathing, mixed matrices, cables, braids and combinations of these. Such combinations can be constructed to more closely match the required specifications than may be possible by using only one technique.


The objective of the study was evaluate the use of new technologies during residence period by residents of Anesthesiology to acquire theoretical contents and learning or improving practice clinical skills. Moreover, we wanted to know if Castilla y León hospitals had technology to do that and also if residents would spend any free time (out of working hours) in training with this technologies.
 To do that, we designed cross sectional study involving 46 residents of Anesthesia and Resuscitation of different hospitals in Castilla y León.
 83% of survey respondents have used or use usually new technologies to acquire theoretical knowledge, meanwhile only 10% use them to acquire or improve practice clinical skills. All survey respondents would spend part of their free time in training with technology, out or their working hours.
 The majority of the residents of Anesthesiology do not use new technologies to acquire or improve practice clinical skills.


has, on the present occasion, been adduced, almost for the first time, in furtherance of such investigations ; and I trust that the interesting results developed by this means may stimulate archaeologists to seek a more intimate acquaintance with the character of ancient remains, and the details of processes in arts or manufactures, which may prove, even in our own times, of no trifling practical advantage.


This paper investigates partitioning the ways of a shared last-level cache among the threads of a symmetric data-parallel application running on a chip-multiprocessor. Unlike prior work on way-partitioning for unrelated threads in a multiprogramming workload, the domain of multithreaded programs requires both throughput and fairness. Additionally, our workloads show no obvious thread differences to exploit: program threads see nearly identical IPC and data reuse as they progress (as expected for a well-written load-balanced data-parallel program). Despite the balance and symmetry among threads, this paper shows that a balanced partitioning of cache ways between threads is suboptimal. Instead, this paper proposes a strategy of temporarily im-balancing the partitions between different threads to improve cache utilization by adapting to the locality behavior of the threads as captured by dynamic set-specific reuse-distance (SSRD). Cumulative SSRD histograms have knees that correspond to different important working sets; thus, cache ways can be taken away from a thread with only minimal performance impact if that thread is currently operating far from a knee. Those ways can then be given to a single "preferred" thread to push it over the next knee. The preferred thread is chosen in a round-robin fashion to ensure balanced progress over the execution. The algorithm also effectively handles scenarios where an un-partitioned cache might outperform any sort of explicit partitioning. This dynamic partition imbalance algorithm allows up to 44% reduction in execution time and 91% reduction in misses over an un-partitioned shared cache for 9 benchmarks from the PARSEC-2.0 and SPEC OMP suites.


The paper deals with aspects related to monitoring relying on two dedicated data acquisition systems (DAS). Electrical quantities in an industrial hall are addressed. One of the DAS is fixed, the other one is mobile. The recorded data was processed with original dedicated software tools, based on FFT and three wavelet transforms (Discrete, Stationary and Wavelet Packet). The level of electromagnetic disturbances in the studied industrial hall is high, sometimes resulting in unacceptable low values for the parameter "Signal to Noise Ratio". Therefore denoising techniques had to be implemented. Considering the high degree of variability characterizing the daily power consumptions, the acquired data recording was performed on a regular basis (e.g. every 30 minutes). Certain indices yielded by the power quality analysis are presented. Some of them (e.g. the current harmonic distortion and power factor) disobey the limits imposed by standards. A representative case study is presented and discussed. The realized dedicated data acquisition systems along with the original dedicated software packages allowed for the identification of the problematic consumer (a chiller) and proved to be very useful tools for the designing of corrective measures.


Extracted from text ... 0 - TWA July / August 2006
hazardous materials
A corrosive issue
When a decision is made to transport
hazardous corrosive materials, it is
vitally important that the owner of such
chemicals knows his/her responsibilities
and where his/her liability begins
and ends. For this reason, it is highly
recommended that the transport of such
chemicals be left to trustworthy and
reputable transporters.
According to Richard Durrant, director
of health safety and environment
at Cargo Carriers, it is of the utmost
importance that the transporter carries
comprehensive insurance to cover the
risks to the goods or substances while
being transported. ..


Purpose
This study aims to examine the corrosion and flexural behaviour of advanced hybrid aluminium matrix nanocomposites (HAMNCs) made with a vacuum-assisted stir die casting (two-layer feeding) and reinforced with titanium oxide (TiO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles. The previous researchers have shown that TiO2 and Y2O3 nanoparticles make aluminium composites much more resistant to corrosion and wear.

Design/methodology/approach
Salt spray corrosion tests were done on the samples over time as well as the pre-and post-corrosion morphology of the test samples was also investigated. The density, porosity and energy dispersive X-ray of the fabricated samples were observed.

Findings
It was observed that a lower corrosion rate of 0.127 mils/year and 0.573 mils/year was seen in the Al/5 Wt.%TiO2/5 Wt.%Y2O3 (HAMNC1) and Al/7.5 Wt.%TiO2/2.5 Wt.%Y2O3 (HAMNC3), respectively. It was evident from the results that the pores and densities of the samples varied with the filler concentrations and matrix filler wettability. HAMNC1 has the lowest values of density and porosity at 2.568 g/cm3 and 9.91%, respectively. At the same time, a significant improvement in the flexural strength of 72 N/mm2 was also seen in the HAMNC1 configuration.

Practical implications
The proposed hybrid samples are well suited for aerospace and automobile structural components such as brake drums, discs, engine cylinders and fins.

Originality/value
The mixed influence evaluation of TiO2 and Y2O3 nanoparticles with pure Al on composite samples has not been studied. This research aims to examine the combined influence of nanoparticles on the corrosion aspects of two-step feeding vacuum stir casted products, as well as their morphology.


OPERA is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment built to provide the final and unambiguous proof of the neutrino oscillation hypothesis in the atmospheric sector by observing ντ emerging from the CNGS νμ beam. The detector is a hybrid apparatus installed in the Hall C of the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. Runs with CNGS neutrinos were successfully carried out in 2007 and 2008. In this paper the detector and the analysis strategy are briefly described and the status of the analysis of the 2008 run events is discussed.


PurposeThe aim of this paper is to revisit the albedo for uncertainty. The albedo is considered as a fuzzy value due to some realistic reasons which they will be discussed in details. After defining an appropriate uncertain albedo by using fuzzy set theory, the related energy balance model is also redefined as a fuzzy differential equation by using the concept of fuzzy derivative.Design/methodology/approachThe well-known Earth energy balance model is redefined as a fuzzy differential equation by using the concept of fuzzy derivative. Thus, instead of an ordinary differential equation, a fuzzy differential equation arises which it's solution procedure will be discussed in details.FindingsResults indicate that the fuzzy uncertainty for albedo causes more real results after solving the fuzzy energy balance equation. Considering albedo as a fuzzy number is more realistic than considering a single certain number for albedo of a surface. This is due to this fact that the Earth's surface coverage is not crisp and the boundaries of different types of lands are not consistent. The proposed approach of this paper can help us to provide more realistic climate models and construct dynamical models which can model the albedo based on its variability.Originality/valueIn this paper, we defined fuzzy energy balance model as a fuzzy differential equation for the first time. We also, considered albedo as a fuzzy number which is another novel approach.


Although a numerical effluent limit has not been proposed for vanadium, San Francisco Bay Area refineries have been investigating reasonable source control and treatment measures to limit the discharge of vanadium as part of their National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements because vanadium may contribute to aquatic toxicity. The NPDES permit issued for the Shell Martinez Manufacturing Complex (MMC) by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (CRWQCB) required that in the investigation of control strategies for vanadium, consideration must be given to source control measures that would reduce the discharge to the extent practicable. This paper summarizes the results of bench- and pilot-scale studies to remove vanadium from process effluent of the Shell MMC. This study has resulted in the following conclusions: vanadium in the Shell MMC refinery wastewater is generated by two major sources--the Flexicoker and Stretford processes; ferric and ferrous salts are both effective in removing vanadium from wastewaters; there are tradeoffs between the initial vanadium concentration, the final pH, and the final dissolved vanadium concentration, for both ferrous and ferric reagents; recycle of iron hydroxide sludge can reduce the amount of reagent needed to attain a given vanadium concentration; other things being equal, less ferricmore » than ferrous reagent is required to produce the same removal of vanadium; the dewatered sludge from the pilot plant was tested for its hazardous waste characteristics; a high pH sludge regeneration and reuse process appears to be a promising method of cleaning up the hazardous iron sludge.« less


The invention provides a distributed electric heat energy storage heating control system and method. The system adopts a double-closed-loop control manner, wherein a temperature sensor is mounted in each heating environment; the output end of the temperature sensor is connected to the input end of a signal processing device; the output end of the signal processing device is connected to an upper computer, so that closed-loop control of the heating environments is formed; the upper computer is connected to the input end of an electric heat storage heating controller; the output end of the electric heat storage heating controller is connected to the input end of a control executing mechanism; the output end of the control executing mechanism is connected to the input end of an electric heat storage boiler; the electric heat storage boiler is connected to a heating pipeline; meanwhile, the temperature sensor in the electric heat storage boiler is used for feeding the temperature information to the electric heat storage heating controller in real time to form the closed-loop control of the temperature of the electric heat storage boiler. Through the adoption of the double-closed-loop structure, not only the temperature of the electric heat storage boiler can be effectively controlled, but also the heating strength can be adjusted in real time according to the requirements of users and the environment temperature.


Abstract We evaluated a female patient with an unusual form of Naxos disease, who presented with central cyanosis and clubbing, simulating congenital heart disease. Adjuvant low-dose colchicine therapy (0.5 mg once daily) showed positive eff ects and has been continued for six months. Colchicine has anti-infl ammatory and anti-fi brotic properties. It inhibits mitosis by disrupting tubulin assembly and enhances cellular apoptosis. Follow-up showed improvement in the patient's clinical status, with a dramatic disappearance of the electrical storm and reductions in cyanosis and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Low-dose colchicine may be safe and eff ective in patients with Naxos disease and may reduce related complications.


Based on the development of several different HRI scenarios using different robots, we have been establishing the SERA ecosystem. SERA is composed of both a model and tools for integrating an AI agent with a robotic embodiment, in human-robot interaction scenarios. We present the model, and several of the reusable tools that were developed, namely Thalamus, Skene and Nutty Tracks. Finally we exemplify how such tools and model have been used and integrated in five different HRI scenarios using the NAO, Keepon and EMYS robots.


AIM Because the endothelial cells of arteries play a causative role in microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, the aim of this study is to observe whether enalapril has the protective effect on endothelial cells of the mesenteric vascular bed in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high sucrose and fat diets. Four weeks later, streptozotocin (30 mg·kg -1 ) was injected ip to induce type 2 diabetes. Another 4 weeks later, enalapril (10 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) was given ig for 4 weeks. The technique of constant flow perfusion of isolated mesenteric vascular bed was adopted. The mesenteric vascular bed was precontracted by norepinephrine (1 μmol·L -1 ), then the endothelium dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh, 1 μmol·L -1 ) were tested to evaluate the function of endothelial cells of the mesenteric vascular bed. RESULTS The endothelium dependent relaxation of mesenteric vascular bed to ACh in diabetes model group (33±8)% was significantly less than normal control group (79±8)%, while the relaxation of enalapril treated group (52±6)% was significantly higher than diabetes model group. After removed endothelial cells with saponin (1 μmol·L -1 ), the endothelium dependent relaxations of mesenteric vascular bed to ACh in three groups were significantly decreased, and there was no difference in three groups. Moreover, the relaxations of mesenteric vascular bed to sodium nitroprusside had no difference in three groups before and after removing endothelia cells. CONCLUSION Treatment with enalapril may protect the endothelial cells of mesenteric vascular bed in type 2 diabetic rats.


In a certain bridged gutter engineering, the box beam adopted a post-tension prestressing system. To verify the design data of the friction loss of prestress, to accumulate construction information, to control the stretching force accurately and to insure the construction quality of the bridged gutter, a field conduit friction test was made. We gained the coefficient of conduit friction μ and the coefficient of deviation k, and compared them with the specified values in correlative specifications.


The large-scale application of new technologies such as cloud computing in power supply companies makes the mode of traditional power security zones cannot efficiently support the existing business. A simplified interaction protocol of crossing security zones is proposed based on the TCP, which encapsulate the file transfer protocol in the base of isolation devices. It unifies the exchange interface between the production & control zone and the management & information zone, and accord with the transmission modes of request/reply and subscription/publication. Multi-channel data transmission in isolation devices is implemented by multi-thread technology. It established data confirmation mechanism by priority control in crossing security zones. It implemented high reliability of transmission between forward & reverse isolation devices. Finally, it gives process and results of verification through comparing. The method helps to improve the quality of data sharing for application systems crossing different security zones.


We study the theories I∇n, L∇n and overspill principles for ∇n formulas. We show that IEn L∇n I∇n, but we do not know if I∇n L∇n. We introduce a new scheme, the growth scheme Crγ, and we prove that L∇n Cr∇n I∇n. Also, we analyse the utility of bounded collection axioms for the study of the above theories.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 03F30, 03H15.


Objective To observe the effect of Weipixiao on intestinal metaplasia in chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) rats with spleen deficiency.Methods Spleen-deficiency CAG rat models were established by free intake of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG)solution,irregular diet,and qi-consumption and purgation method.After gastric gavage of Weipixiao 15g/kg,7.5g/kg,3.75g/kg for 12 continuous weeks,we observed the pathological changes of gastric mucosal intestinal and colonic metaplasia.Results The results of pathological examination showed no obvious changes in normal rats.But in rats of the model group we were found uneven focal distributed intestinal and colonial metaplasia in gastric mucosa,and Weipixiao in low-,middle-and high dose reduced the area of intestinal and colonial metaplasia to various degrees.Conclusion Weipixiao can reverse intestinal and colonial metaplasia in gastric mucosa,showing certain anti-CAG effect.


By using one of image processing technology direct to sun smart tracking methods, we can properly rotate solar energy collecting devices such as solar water heaters and solar panels, making them straight to sun to improve the efficiency of collecting solar energy. In the process of image processing, we use hough transform to abstract straight lines and intersection points of images, through which we calculate direction angle and elevation. We can collect solar energy effectively by rotating solar collecting devices to proper positions driven by drive motors. This application has an important significance to make good use of solar energy and environmental protection of China even the whole world.


A modified ionic model is presented which allows the prediction of the standard enthalpies of formation of simple lanthanide compounds at 298.15K with a typical uncertainty of 5-10 kJ mol/sup -1/. General guidelines are offered for predicting the relative stabilities of lanthanide(II), (III), and (IV) compounds in various chemical environments. 48 references, 5 figures, 7 tables.


Aims Assessment and Planning Units have increased globally however, models of care literature is limited. With high malnutrition prevalence amongst ageing populations, this case report identifies demands for dietetic services. Methods Descriptive data compared and contrasted two service including medical models, eligibility criteria, malnutrition screening, dietetic services, clinical follow-up, and team composition. Results High malnutrition prevalence (17 per cent, 31 per cent) was evident with different screening approaches successfully implemented. Both units favoured rapid assessment and intervention. Conclusion Dietetic expertise was required for malnutrition assessment, and ongoing management in acute or community setting as determined by differing health-care system arrangements.


To analyze the relationship between morphology and chromosome abnormality in the human preimplant ation embryos.Preimplantation genetic diagnosis were performed in 67embryos from 6patients with chromosome abnormality.Embryos morphology were assessed and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to analyze the chromosome in human preimplantation embryos.Emb ryos were divided into normal and abn ormal chromosome group.Among 67embryos,16were normal and 51were abnormal.The percentages of t he≥6cells embryos in the normal and abnormal were 68.75%and 62.75%,respectively.The percentages of fragment 20%embryos were 100%an d 94.12%,respectively.The percent ages of further cleavage were 73.33%and 79.54%,respectively.The differences were not significant between the two groups.[Conclusion]Fluorescence in situ hybridization can be used to analyze the chromosome and the relationship between morphology and chromosome abnormality in t he human preimplantation embryos.


The isothermal adsorption of dyes on a variety of sisal based activated carbon fibers (SACFs),and the influence of pH and temperature on adsorption are discussed in this paper.The results indicate that the adsorption of methylene blue,crystal violet and Eriochrome blue black R on SACFs shows type I isotherms and can be described by the Langmuir equation or the Freudlich equation.The acidity of solution has greatly influence over the adsorption amounts of methylene blue,crystal violet and Eriochrome blue black R.As pHs of the solutions were adjusted to increase or decrease from the original acidity of the solution(4.7,4.1 and 4.0 for methylene blue,crystal violet and Eriochrome blue black R,respectively),the amounts of dyes adsorbed on SACFs increased.The adsorption temperature(in the range of 25-50℃) exerts little influence on the adsorption amount of methylene blue,crystal violet and fluorescein.For azo dyes (Eriochrome blue black R and Eriochrome black T),however,the adsorption amount increases slightly with the elevation of temperature.


This chapter deals with the realisation of human rights. It discusses police leadership, education and training of police. The chapter provides bases for sessions on programmes for police leaders and for teachers and trainers of police. It focuses on the implications of human rights for police leaders. The chapter also provides a specific basis for reflection and discussion on what police leaders have to do in order to secure respect for and protection of human rights, on how human rights can be realised by police leaders. It discusses the enlightenment of police in human rights and humanitarian standards by teachers and trainers of police through education and training. The purpose of such enlightenment is to affect the attitudes and thence the behaviour of police officials so that they deliver effective, lawful and humane policing.Keywords:enlightenment; human rights; humanitarian standards; leadership; policing; realisation


The purpose of this paper is to review, from a practical viewpoint, analytic gain-bandwidth theory and commercially available CAD techniques as applied to matching problems. Modern approaches and so called real frequency techniques to gain bandwidth problems are summarised to provide the necessary background for the reader to gain easy access to the relevant literature.


Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an n‐3 fatty acid present in high amounts in structural lipids of the brain and retina where it plays key roles in neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth, and the visual transduction pathway. Inadequate dietary n‐3 fatty acids during development may have short and long‐term implications for brain development, but whether n‐3 fatty acid deficiency occurs among pregnant women sufficient to limit DHA transfer for optimum fetal brain development is unclear. We used a longitudinal intervention with 400mg/d DHA or placebo from 16 wk gestation until delivery, n=220, and assessed language development at 9 mths of age. DHA supplementation increased the maternal mean erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine DHA by 30% at 36 wk gestation. The ability to detect contrasting consonants not present in the native language(s) is present in young infants but lost with development, usually about 9 mth age. We assessed language development using infant‐controlled habituation procedures, as the ability to discriminate phonetic difference in a voiced English and Hindi contrast. More infants of mothers in the DHA supplement than placebo group were unable to distinguish the contrast, consistent with better language development in the supplement group. DHA status in pregnancy is to be important for early infant neural development, yet in some women poor DHA status may be limit infant development. Supported by CIHR.


In Korean companies in France, the relationship between a local (korean) employee and an employee sent from Korea is characterized by the structural...


A 2 X 2 factorial design was used to investigate the effects of copper and cobalt therapy of Hereford steers grazing Lotononis-Pangola pastures on the wet heath areas of coastal south-eastern Queensland. Copper was given as a subcutaneous injection of copper glycinate and cobalt as an intra- ruminal cobalt oxide pellet. Liver samples were obtained at three-monthly intervals for 18 months. The liver copper concentration of untreated animals decreased to low levels (<10 p.p.m.). Copper therapy increased (P<0.01) and cobalt therapy decreased (P<0.01) liver copper levels. There were, however, no significant differences in bodyweight gains.


In this work, we present a reinforcement-based learning algorithm that includes the automatic classification of both sensors and actions. The classification process is prior to any application of reinforcement learning. If categories are not at the adequate abstraction level, the problem could be not learnable. The classification process is usually done by the programmer and is not considered as part of the learning process. However, in complex tasks, environments, or agents, this manual process could become extremely difficult. To solve this inconvenience, we propose to include the classification into the learning process. We apply an algorithm to automatically learn to achieve a task through reinforcement learning that works without needing a previous classification process. The system is called Fish or Ship (FOS) assigned the task of inducing classification rules for classification task described in terms of 6 attributes. The task is to categorize an object that has one or more of the following features: Sail, Solid, Big, Swim, Eye, Fins into one of the following: fish, or ship. First results of the application of this algorithm are shown Reinforcement learning techniques were used to implement classification task with interesting properties such as provides guidance to the system and shortening the number of cycles required to learn.


Public software repositories offer a great opportunity for researchers. GitHub is a repository with more than 10 million projects. GitHub has an implementation of a defect tracking system. This paper describes the process developed to extract defects from GitHub repository, one of the most widely used public repositories. In this work, besides of the process, it is presented the appeared difficulties, during data mining. With obtained data, it is pretended to apply neural networks to get defects prediction.


aeoethnobotanical vineyards for some time, I sympathize with the lament that Scarry notes very early in her introduction. In spite of the fact that palaeoethnobotanical studies have contributed much to the understanding of the evolution of foodways in eastern North America, and have helped define eastern North America as a geographic area where agriculture developed independently of other centres of food production, Scarry, speaking for her colleagues (p. 4), notes a sense of shared frustration that


Abstract An effort has been made to retrieve surface spectral reflectance from satellite radiance measurements. For this purpose, a simple cubic equation with surface reflectance as one of its roots has been derived. Besides satellite measured radiance, the other required quantities in the equation are calculated by using the actual solution of radiative transfer equation by a discrete ordinate method, taking into account the inhomogeneous aerosol distribution. The method has been tested for internal consistency by numerical simulations using realistic aerosol profiles. Finally, it has been tested with a Landsat image, giving good agreement with ground observations.


ABSTRACT We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on endurance performance, as well as possible effect-modifying factors. Searches were done in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus on 12 July 2022. We additionally searched the bibliographic references and citations on Google Scholar of the papers whose full text was analyzed. Eligible studies were randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that compared sleep deprivation and habitual-sleep night effects on endurance performance in healthy humans. The studies' quality was examined by the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. We calculated the pooled standardized mean differences (pooled SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) by a random-effects model. A mixed-effects model analyzed subgroups. Thirty-one studies were analyzed (n = 478), generating 38 effect sizes in full. The overall risk of bias was low in 8% of the studies, unclear in 74%, and high in 18%. Sleep deprivation in general had a moderate negative effect on endurance performance (polled SMD [95%CI] = −0.52 [−0.67; −0.38]). Training status, sleep deprivation magnitude, assessment time, exercise mode, and endpoint type did not influence the sleep deprivation effect, whereas longer exercises (>30 min) were more affected by sleep deprivation than shorter ones (P = 0.035). Therefore, the available evidence supports that sleep deprivation's deleterious effect on endurance performance is of moderate size and depends on exercise duration. This information can be useful to estimate the performance decrement of endurance exercise practitioners under sleep deprivation in training routines and competitions. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021229717. Highlights Sleep deprivation causes a moderate deleterious effect on endurance performance. Sleep deprivation similarly impairs endurance performance in untrained, recreationally-trained, and trained people, but its effect on well-trained and professional endurance athletes is unknown. One or more nights of partial sleep deprivation or one night of total sleep deprivation similarly compromise endurance performance. Uncertainties about the effect of more than one night of total sleep deprivation warrant more studies. Sleep deprivation impairs walking, running, and cycling endurance performance regardless of the exercise endpoint being unknown (i.e. incremental or constant load tests) or known (i.e. time trial tests) and assessment time. However, sleep deprivation causes a more deleterious effect on endurance performance in exercises lasting more than 30 min.


A 27-year-old man developed acute headache, vomiting and abnormal behaviour for more than 3 days; on the third day, he developed bilateral visual loss, progressing over several hours to complete blindness. There was no fever and no history of seizures or trauma; he initially denied excessive or unusual alcohol consumption. He presented to us 1 month later for the evaluation of blindness. On examination, he had no light perception in either eye. His pupils were dilated and non-reacting, and fundoscopy showed bilateral optic atrophy (figure 1). Routine haematological and biochemical blood tests were normal. An MR scan of the brain showed bilateral haemorrhagic putaminal necrosis (figure 2). On direct questioning when alone, he described drinking local-made alcohol on the day of his illness. Initially, with his …


UV(ultraviolet) spectrum based on atomic materials is represented,and UV measurement technique is proposed through using UV sensor.This is very important in countering and studying UV guided missiles.According to relative theory,how to get UV spectrum by atomic materials,especially produced by alkali metal atoms,is mainly discussed.The measured data of spectral line are given.They are measured by using the single-colour detector and UV sensor after the suitable UV material is selected.Finally,the experimental results and measuring curve are given,and they are all satisfied.


The chemical states of the heavy metal elements V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Sr,Mo,Cd,Sb,Ba and Pb existing in pyrite cinder were investigated by using sequential chemical extraction,and the states of these elements including exchangeable,reducible,oxidable and residual state were gained.The concentrations of these elements in all states were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results show that Mn and Zn were the main heavy metals in pyrite cinder and their total contents in all states were 3 971 mg/kg and 3 485 mg/kg,respectively;Pb and Ba were the second and their total contents were 903 mg/kg and 901 mg/kg,severally.The individual contents of V,Cr,Co,Ni Cu,Sr,Mo,Cd and Sb in all states was less,no more than 45 mg/kg.The linear ranges of determination for these elements were got,the correlation coefficients were more than 0.995.The detection limits were from 0.005 to 0.01 μg/L,and RSDs were less or equal to 4.5%.


A systematic capacitance-voltage (C-V) study has been performed on GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 as gate dielectrics and indium tin oxide (ITO) as the metal gate. The transparent conducting ITO gate allows homogeneous photoillumination on the whole MOS capacitance area, such that one can easily observe the low-frequency (LF) C-V and quasistatic C-V of GaAs at room temperature. The semiconductor capacitance effect on GaAs MOS devices has also been identified and insightfully discussed based on the obtained LF C-V curves. The semiconductor capacitance effect becomes more important for devices with high-mobility channel materials and aggressively scaled high-k gate dielectrics.


The soil reinforcement technique has been used in Japan for almost 40 years. The earth reinforcement technique has come to be used for various applications to reinforce soil in this period. The economical efficiency of the earth reinforcement structure has been evaluated in recent years, and the earthquake resistance was proved when the Great Hanshin Earthquake occurred in 1995. Many earth reinforcement techniques have been introduced as an indicator of the road earthwork in Japan today. This paper describes the kinds of earth reinforcement application that have been used in Japan, the case history, and the statistical analysis. For the covering abstract see ITRD E125786.


Laser shock processing (LSP) in water confinement regime was investigated for an incident 20-25 ns/40 J/(lambda) equals 1,064 micrometers pulsed laser beam. Experimental measurements of the shock wave temporal profiles induced by LSP have been performed with velocimetry interferometer system for any reflector. Above 10 GW/cm2 the peak pressure is limited and the pulse pressure duration is reduced by parasitic plasma occurring in the confining water. The observation of the interaction zone with fast camera shows that the breakdown at the surface of the confining water is the only phenomena limiting the efficiency of the LSP. This plasma absorbs the incident laser energy and the power density reaching the target decreases. The duration of shock wave induced in the target is then shortened. This experiment explains the current limit of LSP in water confinement mode and opens new research field to understand the plasma effect at the surface of the confining water.


This project aims at the application of spatial query and spatial analysis and information display technology, the scheme proposed emergency geographic information system, build a set of complete, reliable, consistent with the actual needs of the emergency command system, to meet the requirements of fast and efficient emergency command.


The objectives of this paper were to verify the influence of the multi-breed model and pedigree structure in the estimates of the genetic components to birth weight in a mestizo herd. Using 1234 birth weight records in two ways, one dataset with complete pedigree information (n = 1028) and another with incomplete pedigree information (n = 1234). The pedigree was composed for 10 sires, 366 and 448 dams for complete and incomplete pedigree, respectively. Used for analysis the maximum restricted likelihood method about the animal model, considering the birth weight trait, for a dataset with or not complete pedigree. The direct heritability coefficients in both datasets did not present large difference, 0.06 and 0.09 to best models in the complete and incomplete pedigree, respectively. However, in the incomplete pedigree, the maternal heritability was 0.29. The residual variance, which on the best model of the dataset with complete pedigree presented 0.51 and 0.35 for the best model of the dataset with incomplete pedigree. In conclusion, there was an influence of de multi-breed model only in the dataset with complete pedigree, being the best model that considered the direct and breed effects. In the dataset with incomplete pedigree, the better model was that considered the direct and maternal additive effects. In both datasets, the modeling of contemporary groups as fixed effect presented the best estimates of genetics components to birth weight in this mestizo flock.


The petroleum industry has had considerable success in recent decades in developing unconventional shale plays using horizontal drilling and multi-zonal isolation and stimulation techniques to fracture tight formations to enable the commercial production of oil and gas. Similar well completions could be used in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) to create multiple fractures from horizontal wells. This study assesses whether well completion techniques used in the unconventional shale industry to create multi-stage fractures can be applied to an enhanced geothermal system, with a focus on the completion of the EGS injection well. This study assumes an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) consisting of a central horizontal injection well flanked on each side by horizontal production wells, connected to the injection well by multiple fractures. The focus is on the design and completion of the horizontal well. For the purpose of developing design criteria, a reservoir temperature of 200 degrees C (392 degrees F) and an injection well flow rate of 87,000 barrels per day (160 kg/s), corresponding to production well flow rates of 43,500 barrels per day (80 kg/s) is assumed. The analysis found that 9-5/8 inches 53.5 pounds per foot (ppf) P110 casing string with premium connections meets all design criteriamore » for the horizontal section of injection well. A P110 grade is fairly common and is often used in horizontal sections of shale development wells in petroleum operations. Next, several zonal isolation systems commonly used in the shale gas industry were evaluated. Three techniques were evaluated -- a 'plug and perf' design, a 'sand and perf' design, and a 'packer and port' design. A plug and perf system utilizes a cemented casing throughout the length of the injector wellbore. The sand and perf system is identical to the plug and perf system, but replaces packers with sand placed in the casing after stimulation to screen out the stimulated perforated zones and provide zonal isolation. The packer and port completion approach utilizes an open horizontal hole that zonally isolates areas through the use of external packers and a liner. A review of technologies used in these systems was performed to determine if commercially available equipment from the petroleum industry could be used at the temperatures, pressures, and sizes encountered in geothermal settings. The study found no major technical barriers to employing shale gas multi-zonal completion techniques in a horizontal well in a geothermal setting for EGS development. For all techniques considered, temperature limitations of equipment are a concern. Commercially available equipment designed to operate at the high temperatures encountered in geothermal systems are available, but is generally unproven for geothermal applications. Based on the study, further evaluation of adapting oil and gas completion techniques to EGS is warranted.« less


Spices are important agricultural commodities throughout the world due to their high unit price. Spices and condiments are vegetable products or mixtures thereof free from extraneous matter, used for flavouring, seasoning and imparting aroma in foods. The term applies equally to the product in the whole form or in the ground form. It is, therefore, necessary to give attention to this commodity with particular reference to quality and value addition (Purthi, 1998).


Fresh Water Fish Management System is a decision support system that is developed to help the fish farmers and organization itself to manage and handle the fish production more effective and efficient. Recently, this industry is expanded rapidly and become profitable. Therefore, the main objective in developing this system is to help the fish farmers to decide the best alternative and solutions in fish management in the way to increase their benefit and income. This system is developed using Prototyping Evolution approach. The Linear Calculations Model is used as the model in decision support system to support the decision making. Based on the current system which was managed manually, the system is developed to increase the fish production. Within the realization on this system, it is hopefully that it will help the officer in the organization in reducing their time and man power and to improve the effectiveness and prestige the organization in fish management.


A LTHOUGH the meaning of the term "shock" is controversial, 1 there is general agreement that the cardinal manifestation of both experimental and clinical shock states is a deficiency of blood flow. 2-5 The lowered systemic arterial pressure observed clinically often is treated with vasopressor drugs, but their use has been discouraged 6 because of concern that a further reduction in systemic blood flow might result. A variety of therapeutic agents has been recommended to increase blood flow in shock, including vasodilators, 7 ganglionic block agents, 8 adrenergic blocking agents, 9 isoproterenol 10 and corticosteroids. 11 Dextran has been widely used in the emergency treatment of shock associated with blood loss, 12 but it has not been routinely employed in hypotensive patients without a history or signs of blood volume depletion. The ten patients studied in the present report became acutely hypotensive without obvious blood loss. Right atrial pressures were not significantly elevated, indicating the absence of overt right


Usually, effects of a system under PID control with considerable time delay are not satisfied. However, model-based predictive control is an advanced control strategy that uses a move optimization method for achieving satisfactory closed-loop dynamic responses of complex systems. This paper describes a real time scheme that utilizes DMC algorithm to deal with a large pure time delay in process and adopts nuclear radiation to measure thickness of battery separator. The system has been designed and implemented in one of the battery separator plants of China. And the method of measure and control has wide applicability for similar continuous thin material process.


The highly stable Ca2+ binding protein, parvalbumin, is prevalent in fish white muscle tissue. The properties of this protein make it a promising antigen for use as a specific biomarker for fish identification. Parvalbumin was purified from white muscle of an adult common snook Centropomus undecimalis using ammonium sulfate precipitation, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and anion-exchange HPLC. Parvalbumins were characterized by the presence of an 11-kDa band following gradient-SDS gel electrophoresis and by their immunoreactivity against mouse anti-parvalbumin antibodies. Anion-exchange chromatography of the parvalbumin fraction separated from the SEC column yielded nine fractions. Subsequent analysis of these fractions by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis led to a total of seven parvalbumin isotypes, which may lend themselves as biomarkers in fish identification. The presence of these seven parvalbumin isotypes was confirmed independently by reversed-phase HPLC. A dilution endpoint immunoassay was developed for C. undecimalis parvalbumin using a monoclonal antibody directed against its highly conserved calcium binding site. The utility of parvalbumin isotype distribution and specific monoclonal antibodies against fish parvalbumin in species identification is discussed.


Mechanical properties of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend reinforced with Dura and Tenera palm press fibers were studied. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as compatibilizer in the blend composites. Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to study the effect of treatment on the fibers and fiber/matrix adhesion respectively. The uncompatibilized blend composites exhibited higher Young's modulus than the compatibilized blend composites. Impact strength of compatibilized blend composites of Tenera fibers (FM) increased by 161% at 10 wt% fiber load more than the uncompatibilized blend composites at same fiber load. The Dura fibers (FN) enhanced impact strength by 133% at 10 wt% fiber load. Tensile strength increased by 40% for compatibilized FM blend composites. In conclusion, it was observed that DCP incorporation resulted in good interfacial adhesion as revealed by the FESEM micrographs and evidenced in the improved mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:763‐768, 2013. a 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers


Chest pain is a common cause of accident and emergency (A&E) presentation. In the United States, it accounts for 5–6% of new emergency department attendances.1, 2 The principal challenge in these patients is to identify those with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Early diagnosis allows effective treatment and inadvertent discharge may have disastrous consequences for patient and doctor: in the United States, between 2–5% of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) are discharged from the emergency department and 20% of malpractice claims against emergency physicians relate to the management of ACS.3

The problem with the A&E assessment of these patients lies in the limitations of diagnostic tests for acute coronary ischaemia—initial ECG is diagnostic of AMI in only 40–65% of patients and is even less useful in unstable angina.4 Despite recent advances, serum markers for myocardial necrosis detect, at best, 66% of AMIs on arrival.5 Faced with these diagnostic difficulties and the consequences of misdiagnosis, A&E physicians have a low threshold for admitting patients with chest pain in whom the diagnosis is not immediately clear. Some 60–65% of these patients have an eventual diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain3 and while serious pathology is diagnosed in a minority, this traditional approach to chest pain is both time consuming and expensive.

It is against this background that the concept of A&E based chest pain evaluation units emerged—the aim being to provide medically equivalent care at a lower cost for A&E chest pain patients with a probability for ACS that is low, but not sufficiently low to allow discharge. The concept originated in, and has been almost exclusively confined to, the United States. The first chest pain evaluation unit was set up in 1981 and, by 1997, 15% of emergency departments in the US had followed suit.6 The …


Motivated by black holes surrounded by accretion structures, we consider in this series static and axially symmetric black holes "perturbed" gravitationally as being encircled by a thin disc or a ring. In previous papers, we employed several different methods to detect, classify and evaluate chaos which can occur, due to the presence of the additional source, in time-like geodesic motion. Here we apply the Melnikov-integral method which is able to recognize how stable and unstable manifolds behave along the perturbed homoclinic orbit. Since the method standardly works for systems with one degree of freedom, we first suggest its modification applicable to two degrees of freedom (which is the our case), starting from a suitable canonical transformation of the corresponding Hamiltonian. The Melnikov function reveals that, after the perturbation, the asymptotic manifolds tend to split and intersect, consistently with the chaos found by other methods in the previous papers.


Vanadium carbide coatings on carbon and alloyed steels were produced by the method of diffusion saturation from the borax melt. Thickness of the vanadium carbide layer was 5-15 ^m, depending upon the steel grade and diffusion saturation parameters. Microhardness was 20000-28000 MPa and wear resistance of the coatings under conditions of end face friction without lubrication against a mating body of WC-2Co was 15-20 times as high as that of boride coatings. Vanadium carbide coatings can operate in air at a temperature of up to 400 °C. They improve fatigue strength of carbon steels and decrease the rate of corrosion in sea and fresh water and in acid solutions. The use of vanadium carbide coatings for hardening of various types of tools, including cutting tools, allows their service life to be extended by a factor of 3 to 30.


Human development emphasizes on enlarging people's choices and improving their well-being. Education is a key to meet the goals of human development. It could be seen through Mean Years Schooling (MYS) as an indicator indicating education achievement of community. Bogor regency has a potential human resource dominated by productive age. However, their Mean Years Schooling is still under the Mean Years Schooling achievement of West Java Province and national level. The purpose of this research was to formulate a strategy in improving Mean Years Schooling in Bogor regency. This study used SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) as analisis methods. There were seven alternative strategies formulated by SWOT analysis that then were prioritized using QSPM in order to obtain a priority strategy. It was finally determined that implementing a productive budget allocation on education development was the priority strategy for increasing Mean Years Schooling in Bogor Regency.
Keywords: MYS, education development, SWOT, QSPM


The paper presents a physical and mathematical model developed by the authors that is capable of adequately resolving space-time regions with acoustic waves and zones of hydrodynamic non-stability. The initial validation and verification of the developed numerical method was performed.


Eco Labels give lubricant formulators safe guidelines for the development of biolubricants. The european lube-Ecolabel will play a leading role in all 27 EU-member states in the future. Positive lists with appropriate single additives and packages facilitate and accelerate the formulation of biolubes. Effective, ashless high performance additives are available for each variation of biolubricants and will ensure their necessary technical performance.


The Tutte polynomial, a considerable generalization of the chromatic polynomial, associated with a graph is a classical bivariate polynomial, which gives various interesting information about the graph structure. In this paper, we first present a formula for the Tutte polynomial of a class of special compound graphs. Then as applications, we obtain the Tutte polynomials of some complex network models in the context of statistical physics and the Tutte polynomials of some chemical polycyclic graphs. Moreover, explicit expressions of the number of spanning trees for these considered graphs are determined, respectively.


Recently there has been interest in all-optical switching devices that may be implemented in optical communications or optical computing. I derive soliton solutions for the birefringent fiber filter coupler with the assumption of an ellipticity angle of 35°. In particular, I calculate the soliton switching behavior and illustrate it with some simple examples. I describe the conditions for soliton switching in terms of initial conditions and optical fiber parameters.


【Objective】The insect community structure of Eucalyptus forest,Castanopswas hystrix forest and the boundary line near the two forest was compared and the effects of Eucalyptus forest on insect communities were investigated to provide references for scientifically planning development of Eucalyptus.【Method】Sample plots were positioned by GPS.Using visual inspection,bagging tremor and identification of collection,the species and populations of the insect on Eucalyptus pure forest,Castanopswas hystrixpure forest,and the boundary line near the two forests were surveyed.Richness,evenness and diversity index were analyzed.【Result】Fifteen orders,74 families,148 species and 12874 individual insect were found in the four types of forests.The sequence of number of insects in the four types of forests was Castanopswas hystrix forest near boundary line =pure stands of Castanopswas hystrixEucalyptus forest near the boundary line pure stands of Eucalyptus.The sequence of family number of insect individual was Castanopswas hystrix forest near boundary line pure stands of Castanopswas hystrix Eucalyptus forest near the boundary linepure stands of Eucalyptus,as which the number of species and families had the same ranking.The sequence of total number of insect individual was pure stands of Eucalyptus pure stands of Castanopswas hystrix Eucalyptus forest near the boundary line Castanopswas hystrix forest near boundary line.The insect diversity index and richness of four types of forests had the same order,which was Castanopswas hystrix forest near boundary line pure stands of Castanopswas hystrix Eucalyptus forest near the boundary line pure stands of Eucalyptus.The sequence of insect community evenness index was Castanopswas hystrix forest near boundary line pure stands of Castanopswas hystrix pure stands of Eucalyptus Eucalyptus forest near the boundary line.【Conclusion】The insect species diversity of Eucalyptus forest was lower than that of Castanopswas hystrix forest.Insect species diversity near boundary line was higher than that of pure stands.The two types of forest could be planted near each other.


This work presents a three-level three-phase current source based converter for adjustable speed applications. The topology obtains all the benefits of multi-level topologies such as reduced harmonic distortion in voltage and current waveforms as well as a symmetrical sharing of the load power among the power valves. It is shown that the dc link voltage balancing issue found in multi-level voltage source topologies is also found in the proposed topology; however, in this case, the issue is the balancing of the dc link currents. It is found and presented a simple closed control loop that keeps the dc link currents perfectly balanced and operates independently of the additional control loops. The preliminary results show very low distorted voltage and current waveforms at the motor side of the topology, which makes it suitable for high performance ac drives. As expected, any modulating technique can be used to gate the arrange of power valves; in this document, a carrier based PWM technique is used to illustrate the gating signal generation method. The document presents the power topology, the model in the stationary abc frame, a simple carrier based modulating technique that allows the dc link current balancing, and a steady state analysis and comparison


Historically speaking, up to the end of the 18 th century, new words had been mentioned as borrowings whereas after that they began to be called neologisms, yet not all neologisms are borrowings and not all borrowings are neologisms. People call them so because such words are not very spread in the common language (Ariana, 1997: 987). In fact, neologisms are words that play a major role in the process of lexicalization. There is a sort of agreement on the concept of neologism by different scholars. Nida and Taber (1974: 203), for instance, define neologism as "an expression which has been newly created, often expressed to give an effect of novelty or of individuality; opposed to archaism and contemporary usage". Similarly, Newmark (1988b: 33) looks at neologisms as "newly created lexical items or existing lexical units that acquire a new sense". Others have connected the definition to the appearance of words in dictionaries saying that any word that does not appear in the dictionary is considered a neologism (Cf. Niska, 1998: 11, Cabre, 1999: 2, Crystal, 2002, Garynlenko, 2005: 2, among many others).


Although the role of micronutrients in balanced plant nutrition is well established, information regarding their status in most Ethiopian soils is scanty. Even, the current fertilizer recommendation for major crops in Ethiopia is only for macronutrients; continuous application of one or two macronutrients may in due course deplete the soil reserve of other nutrients and limit the crop yield. In order to assess the status of Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) in the Vertisols of the central highlands of Ethiopia, fifty representative composite surface soil samples (0-30 cm depth) were collected from five districts viz., Akaki, Gimbichu, Ada'a, Lume and Minjar-Shenkora. These micronutrients were extracted using diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and their concentration is determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The analytical results confirmed that the status of Fe and Zn fall in the deficient range in the majority of the samples. Generally, 96 and 98% of the samples were found to be deficient in Fe and Zn, respectively. Manganese deficiency is evident only in 11% of soil samples whereas, the status of Zn was in sufficient range in all soil samples, Therefore, future research should focus on assessing the availability of these and other micronutrients by collecting large number of soil and plant samples and conducting field trials in the area.


This article presents a systematized review of scientific production between the years 2012 and 2016 of the use and application of mobile devices in Spanish universities. The objective is to interpret academic interest in Mobile Learning and the attributes of this production. In order to do this, 50 articles from journals and minutes from international congresses indexed in the databases of Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar were selected and subsequently analyzed within four categories: information about the authors, the publications' bibliographic information, information about the populations studied and scientific-methodological information. The results indicate that this is an emerging topic of development, given the limited number of articles and communications found, yet this output demonstrates the importance of the research groups and projects funded, which have defined a research trajectory in several authors. Likewise, some Spanish autonomous regions and certain disciplines addressed in the studies are underrepresented. The predominant methodology is quantitative and the most frequent research technique is the questionnaire, although there is also a growing number of experimental designs. The evidence found suggests a broad field for research into the pedagogical potential of mobile devices in higher education and puts forward an agenda for future studies.


INFECTION with Pseudomonas pyocyanea has become a serious problem in large hospitals. The use of broadspectrum antibiotics and the high rate of cross-infection render the post-operative patient, and patients with burns, susceptible to infection with resistant organisms. Reports have suggested that the incidence of infections with Gramnegative bacilli in hospital practice is rising (McHenry and Martin, 1960), and serious complications in those patients surviving initial septicremia are now being recognized.


Concepción is currently the most active composite volcano in Nicaragua. Ash explosions of small to moderate size (volcano explosivity index 1–2) have occurred on a regular basis. Gravity data collected on and around the volcano between 2007 and 2010 confi rm that a younger cone is built atop an older truncated edifi ce of denser material, predominantly lavas. The bulk density of the volcanic cone is 1764 kg m–3 (with an uncertainty of at least ±111 kg m–3), derived from gravity data. This estimated bulk density is signifi cantly lower than densities (e.g., 2500 kg m–3) used in previous models of gravitational spreading of this volcano and suggests that the gravitational load of the edifi ce may be much lower than previously thought. The gravity data also revealed the existence of a possible northwest-southeast–oriented normal fault (parallel to the subduction zone). Episodic geodetic data gathered with dualfrequency global positioning system (GPS) instruments at fi ve sites located around the volcano's base show no signifi cant change in baseline length during 8 yr and 2 yr of observations along separate baselines. Structures deformed after the Tierra Blanca Plinian eruption ca. 19 ka, which signifi cantly altered the form and bulk density of the volcano, may be due to the spreading of the volcano, but may also be related to volcano loading, magmatic intrusions and their subsequent evolution, and other volcano-tectonic processes, or a combination of any of these factors. A joint interpretation of our gravity and geodetic GPS data of Concepción suggests that this volcano is not spreading in a continuous fashion; if it is episodically spreading, it is driven by magma intrusion rather than gravity. These results have important implications for *firstname.lastname@example.com Saballos, J.A., Malservisi, R., Connor, C.B., La Femina, P.C., and Wetmore, P., 2013, Gravity and geodesy of Concepción Volcano, Nicaragua, in Rose, W.I., Palma, J.L., Delgado Granados, H., and Varley, N., eds., Understanding Open-Vent Volcanism and Related Hazards: Geological Society of America Special Paper 498, p. 77–88, doi:10.1130/2013.2498(05). For permission to copy, contact email@example.com. © 2013 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. on January 14, 2014 specialpapers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from


Considering the organizational innovations introduced by the reform of the Primary Health Care in Portugal, we intend to analyze the implications of the contractualisation of performance indicators in the clinical work of General Practice and in the foundations of its professional model. Based on a case study developed in two different organizational contexts, it was possible to verify the emergence of some perverse effects of managerialism in the professional world of this medical specialty, such as an increased volume of more bureaucratic workload, a restrictive evaluation of professional performance or the constraints to develop a patient-centered medicine.


This guide, commissioned by Constructing Excellence in Wales, undertaken by Arup and funded by the Welsh Assembly Government, is the result of a review of literature in the social housing sector, case studies of large-scale voluntary transfer (LSVT) organisations in south Wales and meetings and workshops with participants from these LSVTs and the Welsh Assembly Government.


Joint aqueous solutions of branched dextran and linear pullulan are investigated with respect to their phase separation. The experiments demonstrate that the polymers are – depending on the molar mass of dextran – incompatible in aqueous solutions despite their chemical similarity. This finding can be modeled on the basis of an approach accounting for chain connectivity and conformational relaxation of the components. According to these calculations, the polymers exhibit a miscibility gap in joint solutions despite the favorable interactions between them. Using information on the subsystems H2O/dextran and H2O/pullulan, the assumption of complete miscibility of the polysaccharides is required to model the observed phase separation. This analysis predicts the existence of two islands of immiscibility for the ternary system.


Segal and Cover (1989) content analyzed newspaper editorials to devise measures of the ideological values of the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. Because their measures came from sources independent of the judicial vote, scholars have widely adopted them. This note updates, backdates, and extends the Segal and Cover research by adding the two Bush appointees and the seven Roosevelt and four Truman nominees whose service extended beyond the start of the Vinson Court. While we find that the ideological values of the Eisenhower through Bush appointees correlate strongly with votes cast in economic and civil liberties cases, the results are less robust for justices appointed by Roosevelt and Truman. Ideological Values and the Votes of Justices Revisited A predominant, if not the predominant, view of judicial decision making is the attitudinal model. It supposes that the ideological values of jurists provide the best predictors of their votes (see Segal and Spaeth 1993). Although this proposition has gained wide acceptance, testing it in a valid way presented the seemingly intractable problem of circularity: judicial attitudes were often measured through the very votes one sought to predict. In a 1989 article, Segal and Cover set out to solve the circularity problem as it pertained to U.S. Supreme Court decision making. They did so by devising a set of measures— reflecting the justices' ideological positions— from sources independent of judicial votes. As we describe below, Segal and Cover gathered these measures from editorials (published before the Senate confirmed the nominee) in four newspapers. They then used the scores to demonstrate the aptness of the attitudinal model. Specifically, they found a correlation of .80 between judicial values (as measured by newspaper editorials) and votes in civil liberties cases for justices appointed between 1953 and 1988. This note has two purposes. First, we update the Segal/Cover scores by adding the two Bush appointees (Souter and Thomas) and backdate them by including the seven Roosevelt (Black, Reed, Frankfurter, Douglas, Murphy, Jackson, and Rutledge) and the four Truman (Burton, Vinson, Clark, and Minton) nominees whose service extended beyond the start of the Vinson Court. In and of themselves, these tasks serve an important function. For, despite the relative recency of their appearance, judicial specialists have widely adopted the Segal/Cover scores (e.g., Segal, Cameron, and Cover 1992; Mishler and Sheehan 1993; Sheehan, Songer, and Mishler, 1992; Kearney


Jorge Luis Borges once told a story about a library of infinite knowledge—'The Library of Babel'—a library so comprehensive that it contained a copy of every book ever written, every book that could be written, a library so vast that it even included books not yet written, books started but not finished, or even books that had only ever been imagined. But what such a library could never contain is the way in which a book changes by being read—the ways that reading impacts on, and potentially even re-writes, the story of the text itself. This essay is a series of meditation on, around and alongside Borges's story, asking after the limits of writing as an archiving of information with the specific intent to nuance some of the idiosyncrasies of Borges's tale in order to explore other forms of thinking about writing. For while 'The Library of Babel' outlines one destiny of writing as an infinite number of structural variations, to reduce writing to the production of information is to miss the embodied potential of a text seen otherwise. This paper meditates on the performative and inscriptive complexities of the written word, extrapolating towards larger trajectories of ephemerality in the processes of writing and performance.


Rumination has been shown to be important in both the maintenance and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Increased rumination has also been linked to perceptions of increased stress, which in turn are significantly associated with increased PTSD severity. The present study sought to examine this relationship in more detail by means of a mediation analysis. Forty-nine female survivors of interpersonal violence who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) criteria for PTSD were administered the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II). Results indicated that perceived stress mediates the relationship between rumination and PTSD, but did not do so after controlling for depression. Such results provide further evidence for the overlap between PTSD and MDD, and, in broader clinical practice, translate to a sharper focus on rumination and perceived stress as maintenance factors in both disorders. 1University of Missouri–St. Louis, USA 2Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA Corresponding Author: Emily Hu, Center for Trauma Recovery, University of Missouri–St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, Saint Louis, MO 63121, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 511697 JIVXXX10.1177/0886260513511697Journal of Interpersonal ViolenceHu et al. research-article2013 at THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY on October 7, 2014 jiv.sagepub.com Downloaded from 2 Journal of Interpersonal Violence XX(X)


Radiation contribution to the total heat transfer at the immersed surface in high-temperature fluidized beds has been a controversial subject. Some investigators have reported that it is significant, and others say it is not. The controversy has resulted from the ambiguity of the specification of the temperatures of the beds and heat transferring surfaces. Most experiments were conducted in a combustion fluidized bed with water-cooled tubes immersed in the beds. Radiation effects might not appear when the surface temperatures are low, even if the bed temperatures are high. In this report, a gas-cooled thin tube was immersed in a gas combustion fluidized bed, in order to keep both the bed and tube temperatures high enough to observe the radiation effects. The results show that the radiation contribution to total heat transfer becomes significant as both the tube and bed temperatures increase. The transient temperature profiles and the characteristics of the exhaust gas of the gas combustion fluidized bed are also reported.


Objectives In modern society, which is continuously changing due to advances in science and technology, the 4th industrial revolution has accelerated the changes in human life. In this study, in order to draw implications for the reflection of advanced science technology in the future revised curriculum, we investigate how the topic of advanced science technology appears in the 2015 revised curriculum.
Methods In this study the advanced science technology were defined base on the findings of the recent science and technology prediction survey and advanced science technology were divided into six groups and fourteen major issues depending on their importance. Also, advanced science and technology are classified into five descriptive categories: basic, principle, usage, influence, and profession. The achievement goals and learning contents of the 2015 revised curriculum were analyzed using this classification framework for middle school science, high school science.
Results In the 2015 revised science curriculum the ecology/eco friendly group showed the highest percentage among the advanced science technology issue. The topic groups with the lowest frequency were the transportation/robot group and the information/communication group. When examining topic groupings, the high school elective courses were cited the most, particularly life science subjects with 8 cases and science history subjects with 3 cases. As a result of the frequency according to the advanced science technology content description category, the proportion of use, principle, and social impact was high, whereas the proportion of basic and profession description categories was small, confirming that the description method of advanced science and technology was biased.
Conclusions First it is vital to diversify the advanced science technology categories given in curricula and textbooks. It is necessary to provide the non-biased contents of diverse sectors of the advanced science technology. Second, it is necessary to expose openly major advanced science technology topics. Third, it is required to deliver the class in a manner that may be adjusted in a variety of ways so that students can truly investigate or experiment with the advanced science technology.


Visions. Sounds. Stockholm : a piece for jazz trio and string quartet performed live with the screening of a documentary


This paper described the advantages of using multimedia technology in the course of TV program making, and obtained application methods in optimizing and improving the quality of teaching. The paper gives the details to the steps and techniques for the production of television videos and describes specific operation of the non-linear video editing soft wares used on the production such as Lead Video Studio and the sound software Gold ware, aiming at promoting the television media entrepreneurial skills of university students through the production of the television video and the integrated creation of combining theory and practice.


Motivation is the process of directing the behavior of people in an organization in such way that employees can meet their own needs while at the same time accomplishing the goals of the organization. People join organizations primarily expecting benefits for themselves, but this actually turns out to be the integration of company goals and individual motives. Business performance is typically seen as accomplishments of an organization in terms of the set objectives, which implies the involvement of individuals and teams towards the said objectives. Job satisfaction is a result of employees' perception of the extent to which their job allows them to accomplish things which they consider as important. The importance of job satisfaction highlights the positive correlation with the life satisfaction and the impact of satisfaction on personal, social and professional life. Only satisfied employees can make significant professional accomplishments, and therefore employers should use the adequate positive motivation which leads to satisfactory business results for the organization as a whole.


School nurses interact with students, parents and school personnel for health education, physical activity, physical education, nutrition and health services, psychological services, counseling, social services, physical environment, social climate, emotional climate and family engagement aspects. Effective communication, teamwork and interprofessional collaboration improve this interaction. Overweight of children and adolescents, alienation, sexual health and pregnancy, sleep pattern and mental health are some actual subjects in international articles published in the last decade related to school health nursing, which are summarised below.


Breathing is essential for human survival. During clinical and intraoral evaluations, dentists can identify some phenotypic characteristics that have been linked to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Therefore, dentists could be engaged in screening and, when indicated, refer patients with high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to appropriate medical specialists for a full diagnosis. Participation by the dentists in future interdisciplinary management can follow. Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an established imaging modality in dentistry, it still carries some challenges related to volume rendering management and interpretation. This article outlines the challenges of assessing available CBCT and the use of commercially available rendering tools of the upper airway. The focus of this article is on important considerations regarding the use of this advanced imaging modality for nasopharyngeal obstruction assessments and volume reconstructions. It is suggested that dentists have an essential role in SDB screening, and when CBCT is already available, it could be used as a complementary tool for volumetric airway assessment. Such involvement implies the need for a more robust understanding of current CBCT imaging limitations and potential. Finally, the role of three-dimensional printing from upper airway three-dimensional imaging for educational purposes in dentistry is discussed.


Objective To study the correlation of P-glycoprotein expression and breast mucinous adenocarcinoma.Methods The P-glycoprotein expression in breast mucinous adenocarcinoma were detected by SP immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive rate of P-glycoprotein in the simple type mucinous adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than that in mixed mucinous breast adenocarcinoma( P 0. 05). The positive rate of P-glycoprotein was negatively correlated with the amount of mucinous adenocarcinoma( P 0. 05),positively correlated wiht tumor size,lymph node metastasis,clinical stage( P 0. 05),and not correlated with tumor metastasis( P 0. 05). Conclusion P-glycoprotein expression shows high levels in mixed mucinous breast adenocarcinoma and can be used as an important indicator in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.


Objective To study the significance and value of anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies and rheumatoid factor(RF) in the diagnosis for rheumatoid arthritis.Methods 321 serum samples(156 RA,165 non-RA patients and 120 normal controls) were tested.The level of APF and AKA were tested simultaneously by indirect immunofluorescence,anti-CCP were tested by ELISA,RF were tested by immunoturbidimetry.Results The sensitivity of APF,AKA,anti-CCP and RF in the diagnosis for RA was 78.21%,51.92%,73.08% and 80.76%,while the specificity was 98.95%,97.90%,98.25% and 82.46%,respectively.The sensitivity of AKA was the lowest in these test index and there was significantly different among APF,anti-CCP and RF(P0.01).No significant difference were found in the sensitivity of APF,anti-CCP and RF.The specificity of RF was the lowest one and was significantly difference among APF,AKA,anti-CCP(P0.01).Patients with RF who were negative in RA can be positive in APF,AKA,anti-CCP.Conclusion The APF and anti-CCP presents a good sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of RA.To exam APF,AKA,anti-CCP and RF simultaneously can enhance the sensitivity and was useful for early diagnosis for rheumatoid arthritis.


Treating chloromethylated polystyrene with anthranilic acid and then various PdI2 complexes gave palladium complex catalysts. The colloidal palladium catalysts, containing rnetal particles of 2-13 nm in diameter, were prepared by the reduction of Pd2+-chelate resin complex with 1:1 methanol-water (pH = 12). The hydrcgenation activities of these catalysts were correlated with the polarity parameter, ET(25), of the solvents used in the reaction. The hydrogen uptaken increased with decreasing the electron donor constant, En, of the ligand of Pd complex. The colloidal Pd catalyst, containing metal particles of 4-5 nm in diameter, was active catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes.


A negative implication is commonly associated with MS amniotic fluid. Most frequently, it is indicative of fetal distress or asphyxia. We report that the finding of MS amniotic fluid has a positive, clinical usefulness. It is a highly accurate antenatal index of fetal maturity and the risk of the infant to HMD.From 1973-1976, we reviewed the maturity and incidence of HMD among 1165 MS infants. Gestational age in LBW infants was assessed by the Dubowitz score. Of the total 1165 infants, 909 (78%) were mature; 170 (15%) were postmature and 77 (7%) were premature. Among the premature infants, 82% were ≥35 wks; 10% were 34 wks; 7% were 32-33 wks and 1% was <32 wks. Since asphyxia is a potent stimulus to the fetal passage of meconium, we determined the incidence of MS amniotic fluid in a group of infants with 1 minute Apgar ≥6 (N=555). Of the 555 infants, 36.3% of the full-term and 68.2% of the postmature passed meconium, as compared to only 2.6% of the prematures (p<0.01). The exception was noted in infants of drug dependent mothers (IDDM). Out of 56 premature IDDM with low Apgar, 20% had MS amniotic fluid.The incidence of HMD among MS infants was very low (0.5%). Thus, the finding of MS fluid surpasses the predictability of many antenatal tests of fetal lung maturity including the L/S ratio. The incidence of HMD among premature MS infants was 8% as compared to 17% in our general premature population (p<0.05). This difference is related to the large percentage (82%) of premature MS infants being ≥35 wks gestation.CONCLUSION: MS amniotic fluid correlates highly to fetal maturity. Only in 7% will the infants be premature and most (82%) will be ≥35 wks. The only exception is with the IDDM, because of the association of MS with fetal drug withdrawal. The incidence of HMD among MS infants is 0.5%. Thus MS amniotic fluid can be an accurate indicator of fetal lung maturity.


In this paper several components for a highly integrated digital beamforming (DBF) antenna array for Ka-band satellite systems are presented. The general concept of array construction based on a modular approach is introduced and the construction of a constituent array module discussed. Following this outline, different components, designed and tested to later be incorporated into the array module, are treated with the focus set on the Ka-band receiver and transmitter frontends.


Introduction: Football is a physically demanding sport that calls for significant amount of fitness, technical and tactical expertise.Interestingly, team positioning is one of most crucial components because it exhibits shared decision-making and player interaction inconformity with team principles of gameplay. Football training guidelines should be based on the unique necessities of distinguishableplaying positions. The goal of this article was to confirm inconsistencies and consolidate existing research.Materials and methods: Searched databases included PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline. Inclusion criteria was published articlebetween 1991 and 2021, human subjects, being available in English, including population relating to football and have the outcomeof interest.Results: Based on relevance, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative syntheses.Discussion: Research suggests that activities during football game are directly influenced by playing position, and athletes tend todevelop physical characteristics following the demands of their specific position. Physiological, physical and behavioral monitoringtechniques are utilized to assess the changes occurring during a competitive game.Conclusion: Patterns and level of work rate observed during game play vary from individual to individual and cannot be generalizedthroughout even players playing at a similar position, let alone the entire population of football players.


[1] Conventional descriptions of the stress dependence of acoustic velocities in rock are often based on microcrack models. A more general, model-independent description that ignores microstructure is third-order elasticity theory. This theory has had much success in metals and crystals, and has recently been applied to rocks as well. We measured third-order elastic constants in several rocks both dry and water saturated. A five-velocity-measurement technique was used where a rock sample is stressed either hydrostatically or uniaxially, and compressional and shear velocities are measured as functions of stress. In dry rocks we find that third-order elasticity theory provides a good description of velocity versus stress. However, in water-saturated rocks, agreement between theoretical predictions and measurements is significantly worse than in dry rocks. This indicates that third-order elasticity theory does not fully describe the stress dependence of velocities in water-saturated rock under our experimental conditions. Detailed analysis of the velocity data suggests that rock dilatancy may be responsible for the discrepancies between theory and experiment.