Results: Median age was 46.5 years. The CURB-65 score, which is the scoring system for severity of community acquired pneumonia, had a median of 1. Median duration of symptoms was 3 days. All had abnormal chest x-ray findings. The median number of days after the hospital visit that Chest CT was performed was 1. The reasons for chest CT performance were radiographic findings unusual for pneumonia (n=13) and unexplained dyspnea (n=7). GGO was the most predominant pattern on CT (n=13, 65.0%). Parenchymal abnormalities were observed in both lungs in 13 cases and were more extensive in the lower lung zone than the upper. Central and peripheral distributions were identified in ten and nine cases, respectively. One showed diffuse distribution. Peribronchial wall thickening was found in 16 cases. Centrilobular branching nodules (n=7), interlobular septal thickening (n=4), atelectasis (n=1), pleural effusion (n=5), enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (n=6 and n=7) were also noted. Conclusion: Patchy and bilateral GGO along bronchi with predominant involvement of lower lungs are the most common chest CT findings of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia.


Photoselective netting is a new group of colored netting developing in the past few decades. The effect of colored (red, green, and yellow) netting was studied on physiological traits of Codiaeum and Aglaonema in a trial in Flowers and Ornamental Plants Research Station of Lahijan, north of Iran. The trial was based on a split-plot experiment with two factors. The first factor was devoted to colored netting at four levels (no netting, green, yellow, and red) and the second factor was devoted to plant species at two levels of Codiaeum and Aglaonema based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed the positive effect of yellow netting on improving the vegetative capability of the plants, so that the highest plant height, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, and leaf area were observed in the plants grown under the yellow netting. Also, the highest anthocyanin, carotenoid contents, and catalase activity were obtained from the red netting and the highest Brix° and total chlorophyll from the red and yellow netting. According to the results, the highest vegetative growth rate was related to Codiaeum. The application of the colored nets provided the plants with more optimal growth conditions.


This book discusses combustion and heat recovery, engines and batteries, and applications and technologies. Some of the topics covered include: energy-saving technologies; heat exchangers, fluidized bed exchangers, industrial heat pumps; fluidized bed combustion; waste heat recovery; orc machines and cascading; engines and flywheels; new types of engines; advanced batteries; fuel cell; chemical industry and catalysis; metallurgy; textile industry; food industry; microwave applications; and cement and glass ceramic industry.


The purpose of this research was to analyze the organizational structures of the different federations and entities representing the modalities of trail-running, skyrunning, and mountain running and how they have settled in the current sports landscape. The main task of these entities is to act as hosts of the legally established modalities, both internationally and nationally, applying their respective regulations and statutes unilaterally. Through an in-depth review of the different regulations, statutes, and current articles of all the organizations that represent the different disciplines, we can observe how a sport modality that seems to be the same is nevertheless distant in its execution (regulations, championships, classifications, systems of points, etc.), which has led to the international level being established in different sport modalities (trail running and skyrunning). At the level of the Spanish territory, it has led to an administrative dispute to know who has the powers to approve sports competitions.


In order to meet the needs of the rapid development of China's pet market in recent years, to solve the inadequate and imperfect pet care market, improve the way of pet raising and pet living environment and other status quo. This paper proposes a design scheme of intelligent collar and supporting facilities. As the main core component, the collar backs up and transmits the pet physiological health data through ali Cloud service platform and MQTT. The pet activity is calculated by JY901 gyroscope, and the pet heart rate is detected by MAX30102 heart rate sensor module. AntrackerA9G module is used to locate the location in time. When the pet is lost, it is easy to find it back. All the data will be uploaded to the cloud regularly for sorting and saving. The control of the gravity sensor on the raspberry PI platform is used to realize automatic feeding, weight health monitoring, and regular cleaning of cat litter and other living areas. The design and development will be applied to the development direction of smart pet raising, and promote the pet raising industry to continue to advance towards the development direction of "modern, intelligent and green".


The widely used Pd/C catalysts for synthesis of fine chemicals in the industrial fields suffer from a complicated two-step process involving impregnation and reduction, and require large amounts of solvents and reducing agents. This finally leads to a series of issues such as time-consuming, resource waste, and environmental pollution. Herein, we developed a one-pot low-temperature reduction strategy for the synthesis of ultra-small Pd nanoparticles uniformly anchored on carbon nanotubes (Pd/CNTs). The present process/technology is very sensitive to and controlled by the supports and solvents, and the carbon support and acetic acid are requisite and synergistically help and promote the fast production of Pd/C catalysts. Also, the used solvents can be recycled and reutilized, meeting the requirements of sustainable chemistry and green economy. The simple, scalable and environmentally friendly strategy can be extended to the anchoring of Pd nanoparticles on various carbon materials, shedding a new light on synthesizing the Pd/C catalysts. The as-obtained Pd/C catalysts are subsequently used to catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, where the Pd/CNTs catalyst achieves a conversion efficiency as high as 99.3% and a high selectivity up to >99.9%.


The invention discloses a method for heating an industrial pure titanium plate blank, in particular to a method for heating an industrial pure titanium plate blank by a common step-by-step heating furnace. The invention provides a method for heating an industrial pure titanium plate blank by adopting a common step-by-step heating furnace for heating a steel billet. The heating method keeps the temperature of all heating sections below the temperature needed for generating chemical reaction on the industrial pure titanium plate blank by adjusting the combustion capacities of burning nozzles of all heating sections of the heating furnace, ensures that a front furnace temperature adjusting steel billet enters the heating furnace for adjusting furnace temperature before the pure titanium plate blank enters the heating furnace and ensures that a rear furnace temperature adjusting steel billet is discharged out of the heating furnace after all pure titanium plate blanks are discharged out of the heating furnace, thereby ensuring the heating quality of the whole heating process.


In the following article, I will be discussingBernard Gui 's fourteenth-century Inquisitor's manual in relation to the modern institution of literary criticism. The manual contains many model interrogations. Each is presented as an interrogation of a witness, but they are preserved for us and weredisseminated to contemporaries as interrogations (and manipulations) of texts. My concern here is with the use in that exegetical process of standard academic training and tools, in particular, the language of rhetoric.


Mesostructured titanium dioxide materials were prepared by Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA) method using titanium isopropoxide and a cationic surfactant. The titania phase could be tuned by simply varying the aging time. As the aging time increased, hierarchically structured mesoporous materials with mixed phases of titania were obtained. The rutile content was found to generally increase with length in aging time. The mesostructured materials were evaluated for hydrogen production, and a mixed phase consisting of 95% anatase and 5% rutile showed the highest activity. This study indicates that the aging time is an important parameter for the preparation of mesostructured materials with hierarchical porosities and mixed phase(s) of titania.


Sovereign cryptocurrencies are a digital means for turning mutual trust into liquidity. Their purpose is to provide a foundation for a grassroots digital economy. (Informally, a distributed system is grassroots if it can have autonomous, independently-deployed instances—geographically and over time—that can interoperate once interconnected.) Their coins are units of debt that can be issued digitally by anyone—people, communities, corporations, banks, municipalities and governments—and traded by anyone. With sovereign cryptocurrencies, independent local digital economies can emerge without initial capital or external credit, and gradually merge into a global digital economy. Sovereign cryptocurrencies naturally support many structures that emerged in the history of economy, such as community and corporate currencies, private banking, Hawala trust-based fund transfer networks, credit unions, and Universal Basic Income. Any central bank may issue its own sovereign cryptocurrency to serve as a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), with which it can provide and withdraw liquidity to its local economies at will, with surgical precision and without leakage. Sovereigns operating their own cryptocurrency—people, organizations and institutions—are amenable to analysis with standard notions of international and corporate finance, including foreign debt, trade balance, velocity, and liquidity ratios. Cryptocurrencies of mutually-liquid sovereigns are pegged to each other with a 1:1 exchange rate via the novel notion of coin redemption. As each sovereign provides


Aiming at the lack of theoretical foundation of examining and correcting matrix elements,and the process inconveniently in the condition that judgment matrix is not satisfied with the consistency condition when using AHP,this paper proposed an improved AHP based on the primary weight sequence.It guaranteed the people's logic thinking and made it easy construct judgment matrices.At the same time,it discussed the choice problem of distance unit in the primary weight sequence,and confirmed the standard measurement unit.Finally,experiment results show that the improved AHP can effectively reduce computational complexity and improve the precision of judgment matrix consistency.


We prepared chitosan from chemical treatment of crab shell. The average molecular weight of chitosan in viscosity was determined using a Ubbelohde viscometer. The degree of deacetylation and molecular weights of chitosan in viscosity were determined to be 98.7% and 9.8 × 10(6), respectively. In the case of Pks and Prm extract obtained using n-hexane, Pks has revealed higher antimicrobial effect than of its Prm toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, it has shown that Pks and Prm extract obtained using methanol showed similar antimicrobial effect each other. However, combinatorial effect of chitosan with Pks and Prm extract were observed toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. We expect to use chitosan with Pks and Prm having combinatorial antimicrobial effect as food preservatives.


Expressive therapy interventions are a useful resource for counselors working with a wide range of presenting issues. This article illustrates a series of improvisational acting exercises that can be used within a family counseling context. Clear directions for specific exercises are provided, along with illustrative case examples.


This paper presents a linguistic processor for Japanese continuous speech recognition with a large vocabulary. The linguistic processor receives a syllable lattice which is produced by an acoustic processor. It searches the lattice for an optimal word sequence which satisfies the linguistic constraints. The linguistic knowledge prepared is task-unspecified and consists of a 5000 word dictionary, a "part of speech" network and a word connection table. A best-first search method is used to search the lattice more efficiently. The evaluation experiments were made using 200 phrase utterances made by four talkers, totaling 800 phrases, spoken continuously. The results showed that the phrase recognition score for the first ranking was 71.5% on an average. The cumulated score up to the 10th ranking was 90.1% on an average.


There is a lot that can go wrong while starting an online business. Where most people fail is when they think they can do it within a month. Building ...


Alcoholism is linked to disruption of the biological clock Alcohol and drug addiction are complex disorders with environmental, drug-induced and genetic components. It is likely that multiple genes contribute to the development of an addictive disease. There is a growing body of evidence implicating circadian clock genes in mechanisms of drug-abuse related behaviours. The clock genes, including, Per1, Per2, Cry1 and Cry2, underlie the ability of the biological clock to provide endogenous rhythms of physiological functions with a periodicity of 24 hours, without any environmental cues. These genes regulate oscillations in the levels of the transcription factor complex, CLOCK-BMAL1, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Such oscillations are generated by inhibitory feedback loops, in which the protein products of the clock genes down-regulate their own transcription. This study by Spanagel focuses on one such clock gene, Per2, and its role in alcoholism. They investigated a Per2 mutant mouse, in which the Per2 protein is rendered nonfunctional. As a result, neurochemically these mutant mice exhibited serious disturbances in the glutamatergic system. A significant reduction in the astrocytic expression of the EAAT1 glutamate transporter, which clears glutamate from the synaptic cleft, produced a three-fold increase in extracellular glutamate in the ventral striatum. On a behavioural level, the Per2 mutant mice voluntarily consumed more alcohol compared to wild-type mice. On administration of acamprosate, an anti-relapse drug, the Per2 mutants showed a reduction in augmented extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens and their alcohol consumption was normalised to below wild-type levels. This latter finding lends support to the theory that acamprosate acts by reducing the hyperglutamatergic state in alcohol-dependents. In humans Spanagel found that the Per2 gene had an analogous function in the regulation of alcohol consumption. By sequencing the Per2 gene of alcohol-dependents, they identified a haplotype of four gene variants associated specifically with the subjects with low alcohol consumption. In summary, Spanagel identifies glutamate to be the link between disruption of the Per2 and increased alcohol consumption. It is proposed that glutamate alters the alcohol reinforcement processes in the brain, most likely via modulation of the dopamine reward pathways. In the clinic, acamprosate increases abstinence rates in just 10-20% of cases compared to placebo. Further research is required to determine if certain polymorphisms in the Per2 gene confer a positive acamprosate response. Thus it would be possible to predict if a patient would benefit from this therapy. LMS & SJT Spanagel R, Pendyala, Abarca C, Zghoul T, Sanchis-Segura C, Magnone M, Lascorz J, depner M, Holzberg D, Soyka M, Schreiber S, Matsuda F, Lathrop M, Schumann G, Albrecht U. The clock gene Per 2 influences the glutamatergic system and modulates alcohol consumption. NATURE MEDICINE 2005;11:35-42.


The authors present a technique for broadband study of the optical waveguides used for midinfrared quantum cascade lasers. This method allows insight into the waveguide properties and helps in improving the waveguide design. Using this method the waveguide losses in the whole range of waveguide transparency of about 1.8–9μm have been found for a λ∼4.4μm In0.53Ga0.47As∕AlAs0.56Sb0.44∕InP quantum cascade laser. The polarization dependence of waveguide losses in a quantum cascade laser is discussed.


Passive location in the air and underwater environment is rapidly developing directions today. The main problem caused by specific external noise. Configurable model of generators of the most probable noise signals in the frequency ranges from 15 kHz to 270 kHz and from 1 kHz to 23 kHz based on the analysis of possible noise sources for hydro and acoustic systems relatively. Scalable system of adaptive filters to identify the desired signal in an environment with a variable background noise made by this model of noise signals. The simulation results presented to illustrate the efficiency of this method in passive hydro and acoustic locations. Because this filter system allows minimizing the effect of changing background noise on the received signal and it is configurable for different sampling rates.


Design basics and example application of coiled tubing intervention to clean-out a 17,000-ft well with 16,000-psi BHP and 380° F temperature.


In this paper secondary lining of an underwater tunnel which had appeared I-longitudinal crack was taken as study object according to theory of fracture mechanics. Finite Element analysis was carried out to calculate the stress intensity factor at the tip of I-longitudinal crack which located in vault, then to analyze the extended state of crack based on double-K fracture criteria. The computation results indicate that the stress intensity factor at the tip of I-longitudinal cracks which appear within 20 degrees of the vault do not exceed unstable fracture toughness, lining is in stable growth stage and do not occur instable failure. The stress intensity factor at the tip of I-longitudinal cracks appeared in vault is maximum and appeared in both side of vault is minor, the further away from vault the less of stress intensity factor. When water level below the top of tunnel, with the rise of water level the stress intensity factor at the tip of I-longitudinal decrease and the external water pressure has restrain effect to the crack extension. When water level exceed the top of tunnel, with the rise of water level the stress intensity factor at the tip of large depth of crack decrease rapidly until arrive negative value, then increase backward until greater than unstable fracture toughness and cause lining structural local instable failure.


The aim of research is to describe the Rukun Santoso water user associations (P3A) Konarom West Village, District Southeast Dumoga and analyze behaviour of its members. The collection of data was carried out for five months, from January until May 2015. The primary data collected through face to face interviews. Respondents was selected for 30 respondents by using random sampling mechanism. The interviews was conducted based on questionnaires that have prepared before. The secondary data was obtained through agencies that related to this research topic. The data analysis is descriptive. The results showed that knowledge of water user farmer groups in the organization is very good and then supported by the attitude of members of water user farmers is positive in favor of any program that is planned and the action of water user farmer association is good enough so that each program can run as expected. Keywords : knowledge, attitude, action, Rukun Santoso, Southeast Dumoga


Powdery mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases that cause severe damage to grapes. Grape growers spend lot of money for chemical control of this disease, which eventually increases the cost of cultivation. Use of grape varieties resistant to powdery mildew in grape cultivation is cost-effective as well as environmentally friendly. Hence breeding varieties for disease resistance is an important objective of any grape improvement programme. A wild species of grapes Vitis rotundifolia, being a good source of resistance to powdery mildew is a natural choice in grape breeding programs all over the world. In the present study, 136 hybrids were developed from a cross of V. rotundifolia cv James as a female parent with 6 commercial varieties (Beauty seedless, Gulabi, Sharad seedless, Kali Sahebi, Kishmish Beli and Tas-A-Ganesh) grown in India. They were screened for powdery mildew in epiphytotic conditions in 2014–15 and 2015–16. Out of these hybrids evaluated, eleven hybrids were selected on the basis of powdery mildew disease resistance as well as quality traits. Seven hybrids were rated as resistant and 5 hybrids as moderately resistant on the basis of the severity index. Of these three hybrids identified from a cross of James and Kishmish Beli (H-1301, H-1302, H-1308) showed resistance along with desirable fruit quality characters. These hybrids are being further tested for commercial use and can further be used as genetic resistance source for management of the disease in national grape improvement program.


Amulets and coins from 11th century cemeteries on Bornholm By Hanne Wagnkilde
Investigations of early Christian burial sites on the island of Bornholm show that the pagan burial customs continued well into the 11th century, although they were declining. The article presents a burial site with 516 graves situated by the farm of Ndr. Grodbygard in the Aker parish. The grave goods and coins from the graves throw light on the exact time for the introduction of Christianity on the island. The grave goods mirror the gradual "amuletization" which the rich heathen equipment undergoes. Whereas the pagan Viking graves contained women with magnificent jewellery and fine clothing and wealthy men buried with weapons, wagons, and horses, the Christians islanders are just given the odd frail buckle, bead, knife, or coin. The systematic use of stereotype amulets as grave goods is a Baltic Sea phenomenon, which – in a Danish context – is only known from the early Christian graves on Bornholm. The many stereotype grave items lead one to ask whether the prayers said at the funerals went to the pagan gods or to The Almighty. This is a difficult question to answer, as the burial site has no certain traces from a church or a fence or other demarcation. However, some grave items have a cross ornament, which must reflect the faith of the deceased. The grave goods indicate the sex of the buried person, and anthropological analyses confirm the archaeological evidence of a burial place with special areas for either sex. In spite of poor preservation conditions for skeleton material, an identification of sex and age was made using skull features and teeth. The results were compared to the grave goods combination. The grave goods indicate that the population had a close contact with the pagan Slavs in Mecklenburg and Pomerania. Thus, silver beads and "Schlafenringe" (Slavic temple rings) are identical with the broken silver jewellery found in contemporary hoards. Knives with Slavic sheath mounts are also found in the graves. The relations with the Slavs is a central issue in the silver hoard research, as the hoards are often thought to have been buried as a result of raids by the Wends. However, this theory does not agree with the peaceful grave finds. The burial sites are finally fitted into a larger settlement context including the settlements of the 11th century, the hoard finds, and the structure of the contemporary society.


Although much attention is given to the newer forms of atypical work, a large percentage of employees still have a 'classical' part-time employment contract. 1 Despite long-standing legal protection against discrimination, these part-time workers risk receiving less favourable treatment. This article discusses the principle of non-discrimination in the field of occupational pensions from the perspective of part-time employment. It aims to show the adverse impact that seemingly neutral measures can have on the occupational pensions of part-time workers. By way of illustration, two cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union: the Schönheit and Becker case (length of service) and the Kleinsteuber case (split pension formula) are examined in detail. It is further argued that, in Kleinsteuber, the CJEU appears to have broadened the possibilities of justifying differential treatment. This tendency could threaten the efficiency of the principle of equal pay and non-discrimination for part-time workers as regards occupational pensions. Finally, the impact of these judgments on Belgian and Dutch occupational pension schemes is examined.


Static task scheduling on network of workstations is well known to be an NP complete problem in a strong sense. Some heuristic algorithms have been proven to be sub optimal under some restrictive conditions. In this paper, the authors present a heuristic algorithm named DAG (directed acyclic graph) partition and sub graph reconfiguration algorithm, which is a fast and effective one used in parallel task scheduling. The complexity of this algorithm is O (log |V| ×(|V|+|E|)) . It adopts recursion to implement DAG partition and sub graph reconfiguration, then builds task clusters to carry out the task scheduling. At the same time, it even optimizes the number of processors to some degree for it has not been solved before. The performance has been observed in a representative example compared with other existing scheduling schemes in terms of several valuable factors. The experimental results show that this algorithm is feasible.


RFC5139 defines explicit tags for interior building location such as
"BLD" (building), "UNIT", "ROOM". There is wide variation in how
interior spaces are named, and the rigid element names provided do not
allow accurate representation of interior spaces that don't use the
element tags defined. This memo provides an alternative mechanism that
provides an extensible flexible way to name spaces in any kind of
addressable location.


Abstract : Results and recommendations based on a survey of the coatings literature, on discussions with a number of investigators in the field, and on very simple analyses include the following. High-packing-density films should be vapor deposited using ultraclean deposition conditions including thorough baking of the entire system before deposition, high-purity single-crystal starting materials, special care in evaporation, state-of-the-art substrate preparation, and ultrahigh vacuum. Values of film absorptance A(f) per surface of A(f) = . 0001 or absorption coefficient Beta(f) = 0.5/cm roughly, are desired. A major problem is that the values of Beta(f) usually are much greater than the corresponding bulk values beta(b). Material-selection guidelines, including a bulk absorption coefficient less than 0.5 and a value of the index of refraction in the required range, are developed and used to select the following 10.6 micrometer candidate materials: ThF4, NaF, BaF2, SrF2, NaCl, KCl, KGaF4, As2S3, As2Se3, ZnS, ZnSe, and TlI. A method of distinguishing between surface and bulk absorption in coatings by utilizing the fact that the electric field is zero on the surfaces of certain types of coatings and nonzero on others is proposed.


A significant proportion of machinery and equipment is operated up to a number of cycles greater 108, which is in the range of conventionally fatigue limit design. For materials with a face‐centred cubic crystal lattice and for high‐strength steels with a body‐centred cubic crystal lattice fatigue failures were observed even in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) regime of load‐cycles greater N = 107. To reduce the testing time in the VHCF regime, one possibility is to perform the tests at a higher frequency. In addition to the typical servo‐hydraulic testing machines or resonant fatigue testing machine with test frequencies up to f = 400 Hz, ultrasonic fatigue testing machines with frequencies up to f = 20 kHz were used. In different comparative investigations it was shown that the testing method has a significant influence on fatigue life and fatigue strength. In this paper the influence of the testing method and test frequency on fatigue behaviour in the VHCF regime is presented using the example of steels and aluminium alloys and different hypotheses for the decrease in fatigue strength in this area are discussed.


Cirrhosis of the liver with its complications is the 7th major cause of death. The development of portal hypertension and the first hemorrhage from varices sharply reduces the life expectancy of the cirrhotic. The probability of surviving five years is about 45%. The immediate mortality with the first massive bleeding episode is over 70%. It is apparent, then, that the emergency treatment of bleeding is the most important aspect of the treatment of portal hypertension.' , 2


In the maglev transportation system, the track beam may vibrate under the dynamic levitation force of the maglev vehicle due to its own elastic characteristics, which may cause the vehicle to vibrate. At present, the general method of suppressing vibration is to improve the stiffness, density, damping of the bridge, and the accuracy of track installation, which will result in higher construction costs. In this article, the simulation analysis of the vehicle-rail coupling vibration is carried out from the perspective of suspension control characteristics. Through theoretical derivation, a mathematical model is established, and the mechanism of the vehicle-bridge coupling system vibration is analyzed through simulation. The internal influence of the main parameters of the controller on the system vibration is discussed. Theoretical analysis and simulation research show that the mismatch between the structural parameters of the track beam and the controller parameters will cause coupled vibration, while adjusting the parameters to match the track beam structure can suppress vibration to a certain extent. Taking the 25-m simply supported beam of Changsha Maglev Express as the research object, the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration characteristics test under 75–140-km/h operating speed is carried out, and the dynamic response of the vehicle and the bridge frame is obtained. Dynamic experiments show that proper controller parameters can maintain a stable suspension of the vehicle. This research provides theoretical and experimental references for vehicle-track coupled vibration suppression and maglev transportation system optimization.


Battery-powered electronics rely on integration and power efficiency for size and operational life. Switched-inductor converters play a critical role in this because most portable systems depend on dc-dc converters to supply power efficiently. Understanding the collective impact of shrinking dimensions on total power losses in a switching converter is therefore important when selecting a process technology for the power-supply chip, because the optimal choice results in longer battery life. This paper analyzes and validates the effects of finer CMOS technologies (which feature shorter minimum channel lengths LMIN, higher oxide capacitance, and lower breakdown voltages) on the efficiency performance of switched-inductor dc-dc converters in continuous- and discontinuous-conduction modes (CCM and DCM). Simulation results show that conduction and gate-drive losses in switches rise with LMIN1.5 and bias and bandwidth-critical quiescent losses with LMIN and LMIN3, respectively. In other words, because parasitic components and gate-drive voltages rise with LMIN, efficiency drops with coarser technologies: E.g., the efficiencies of optimized 0.18-, 0.35-, and 0.5-μm buck converters peaked at 93%, 89%, and 79%.


The use of ICT solutions in developmental activities and the deployment of them in modern telecentres have been widely accepted phenomena. In this article, we examine the use of FOSS – Free/Open source software in ICT solutions and categorize them into two types: 'FOSS in' and 'FOSS for', in order to emphasize the difference between those solutions, where FOSS play a meager or symbolic role and those solutions that are specifically developed to address a community need. We discuss about our experience in developing a FOSS-based ICT solution that is specifically built to address the needs of a community information system. We illustrate our three-tiered multi-stakeholder model of development, deployment and usage. We also describe our experience in the process of development and pilot deployment of our solution in various locations of India, and emphasize on the synergies between our model and the FOSS mode of ICT solution development.


Behavioral styles of managers in achieving organizational goals and objectives affect their employees both positively and negatively. For this reason, managers must be careful and attentive to their behavior towards their employees while achieving organizational goals. Motivation is an important factor in achieving organizational efficiency in our age. Corporate efficiency and productivity are the inevitable reality that a well-functioning management can achieve. Good governance is made up of managers who are responsible to their employees, who value them and understand them. The purpose of the study covered in this framework is; to reveal the effect of managerial behavior on the motivation level of employees. In the study, an application was made on the teachers working under the direction of Tokat Provincial National Education Directorate. The data were tried to be compiled using the questionnaire method. One way ANOVA was performed to determine the differences between the groups. The purpose and the analysis of the correlation was used to reveal the effect of manager behaviors on the motivation of employees. In the study, when teachers evaluate managers in terms of managerial behaviors, it is found out that there is a difference between the schools and the managers in general have positive behaviors, and as a result, they have a positive influence on the motivation of the teachers.


dl-2,6-Diamino-4-hexynoic acid, a lysine analog, was synthesized by the interaction of N-(4-chloro-2-butynyl)phthalimide and the sodium salt of ethyl acetamidomalonate. A two-step hydrolysis yielded the desired acetylenic diamino acid. dl-Lysine, identical with the known amino acid, was obtained by the reduction of the triple bond in I. This acetylenic analog of lysine inhibited the growth of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in resting cell suspensions of pneumococci at a concentration of 100 mcg./ml.


Theoretical background: These studies are motivated by three reasons: (1) the Competitive Intelligence (CI) approach is a critical factor in increasing the organization's ability to monitor and strengthen competitive advantage; (2) too little research has been done on the use of new management theories in the CI approach and (3) there is no research devoted to computer-assisted CI. Purpose of the article: This study proposes a comprehensive framework for extending the CI's potential in the organization's activities and its computer-assisted support. The purpose of this article is to develop a new CI construction theory and propose a holistic, conceptual CI model, as well as carry out its initial verification. Research methods: The comprehensive CI model is based on the following theories: (1) Resource-Based View (RBV), Industrial Organization (IO) and Business Model Canvas, which were used for CI design, (2) theories for measuring and validating CI implementation, i.e.: Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM), Industrial Critical Success Factors (ICSF) and (3) theories for integrated computer-assisted CI. The validation of the proposed comprehensive CI model was based on data on the opinions of SUV class users. Main findings: The results obtained during the validation of the CI model show great importance for a comprehensive look at the topic of computer-assisted CI. This contribution is significant because in the literature there are no such studies and conclusions obtained from them. The results obtained and conclusions should be useful for all organizations that need to analyze competitiveness using a comprehensive CI model.


It was found that the flourescence intensity of rufloxacin hydrochloride was enhanced in the precense of CTMAB and β CD. A simple and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was proposed. At the range of rufloxacin hydrochloxide of 6.58×10 -8 ~5.0×10 -6 mol/L, the value of the fluorescence intensity appeared good linear relations with the concentrations of RFLX. The relative coefficient was 0.9998 and the RSD was 0.9%. The detective limit was 2.19×10 -9 mol/L.


As is well known, it is extremely difficult to quantify pain objectively using current technology. As a first step toward adequate pain assessment, we propose a method to evaluate the reactions of the automatic nervous system (ANS) in response to painful stimuli by observing arterial wall impedance based on the fact that elucidation of the ANS is a major factor in the management of pain. Under the proposed method, the mechanical impedance (stiffness and viscosity) of the arterial wall is calculated from blood pressure and plethysmogram measurements on a beat-to-beat basis, and the normalized stiffness and viscosity ascertained from values at rest are used as indices to evaluate pain. In the experiments performed, we tested ten subjects (aged 22 23) by applying external forces (1 [N], 2 [N], 3 [N]) to the central parts of their palms as painful stimuli, and evaluated changes in levels of arterial wall stiffness and viscosity during stimulation. The results indicated that stiffness during stimulation showed a significant increase (p = 0.0058, p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0155 for the stimulus changes from 0 to 1 [N], 1 to 2 [N] and 2 to 3 [N] for all subjects), but the ratio of viscosity to stiffness did not. We also compared the coefficients of variation in the measured stiffness and visual analog scale (VAS) values during stimulation, and found that the mean coefficients of variation for stiffness (0.36, 0.26 and 0.25 for the stimuli of 1, 2 and 3 [N] for all subjects, respectively) were smaller than the ones of the VAS values (0.76, 0.63 and 0.64, respectively). From these results, it was confirmed that changes in the level of measured stiffness can be used to quantify the level of pain felt by a patient. 血管粘弾性インデックスの変化を指標とした 機械的侵害刺激に対する疼痛の定量的評価


Emoticon is often used in short messages to shortly describe actions, feelings and so on. That can also represent sentimental intention such that it's difficult to describe by only language. Recently the sentiment analysis has been focused in cases of election, economic market and so on. Consideration of emoticon is also useful in such cases and in the first place, emoticon extraction from text is the important step to analysis them. However, to extract the emoticon correctly is difficult since recent emoticon uses Unicode characters as compared to former emoticons characters. Therefore, we have proposed a novel approach to extract emoticon focusing on characters describing eyes and the symmetry of emoticon's string.


We investigate the dineutron in the $2^+_1$ state of $^6$He via analysis of its decay mode by using the complex scaling method. In this letter, we propose the cross section for the resonant state to distinguish the resonant contributions from the nonresonant ones. As the results, it is found that the shoulder peak appears in the cross section for the resonant state as a function of $\varepsilon_{n\text{-}n}$. Furthermore, we show that the $S$ = 0 component of the cross section, where $S$ is the total spin of the valence two neutrons, has a peak around the shoulder peak, which comes from the dineutron configuration in the $2^+_1$ state. Thus we conclude that the shoulder peak is expected to indicate the existence of the dineutron in the $2^+_1$ state.


Background: Sleep disorders have been notified as one of the main health problems in the society. Most university students suffer from poor sleep quality which is a direct cause for daytime malfunction. There is a scarcity of data about sleep quality and its associated factors among university students in Ethiopia. The main aim of this study is to determine the magnitude of poor sleep quality and its associated factors among health sciences students in Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May27 to June 27; 2017.Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 422 students. Data were collected using a semi-structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS Version 20 for Windows were used for data entry and data analyses respectively. Frequencies, means, and proportions were used for descriptive data analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between poor sleep quality and independent variables. Statistical significance was taken at P< 0.05. Results: A total of 404 students completed and


Several years ago, as I was about to start working on a doctoral dissertation, it was suggested to me that I might try to combine my interest in literature with the linguistic focus of the classes I was helping to teach at the University of Liège. This was a challenging point of departure for, despite the fact that linguistics and literary studies approach the same object – language – from different perspectives, these fields of research are still separated by a border that is all too rarely crossed. The discipline of stylistics, however, has tried to exploit the common ground between the two domains. As such, it provided the methodological basis for my thesis, which, I decided, would focus on contemporary Nigerian fiction.


While the meaning and general implications of the ongoing "securitization revolution" within the American real estate market have been a consistent point of focus in the social science literature of recent years (see Harvey, The Enigma of Capital [Oxford University Press, 2010]; Brenner and Theodore, Spaces of Neoliberalism [Oxford University Press, 2004]; Gotham, "The Secondary Circuit of Capital Reconsidered," American Journal of Sociology [July 2006]), few academic studies have attempted to examine the political, economic, and social effects of securitization in situ. While the aforementioned scholars have been quick to condemn the rapid ascendance of such innovations as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or multinational Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) on a theoretical level, no serious academic study to date has attempted to place these innovations in context by examining their rise and effects within the political, economic, and developmental trajectory of any one particular geographic region. This article fills this gap within American urban history by examining the dynamic relationship between real estate-related financial innovations (specifically, REITs) and the political economy of one American county: Fairfax County, Virginia. Fairfax County's consistent economic growth and resilience in the face of recession (owing to the prevalence of defense contractors operating in the county) have made its real estate market especially prominent as an outlet for transnational investment, and thus an ideal place for the study of the multifaceted effects of real estate securitization at the local level. By focusing exclusively on Fairfax County, this article offers a much more complex picture of securitization, its causes, and its effects than that typically offered by the existing social science literature. By examining securitization within the defined geographic and historical context of Fairfax County, this article elaborates, first, the various conditions that allowed Fairfax County to become a veritable proving ground for real estate-related financial innovations in the late-20th and 21st centuries; and, consequently, the multifaceted (and sometimes ambiguous) effects of those innovations for the political and economic structure of the county.


The dynamic (gas saturation) method was used to determine upper and lower limits for the dissociation pressure of the complex formed when MoF/sub 6/ is absorbed by NaF. The limits were 0.4 to 4.6 mm Hg at 100 deg C and 8.4 to 27 mm Hg at 150 deg C. A lower limit, 64 mm Hg, was determined at 200 deg C. As a check on the method the dissociation pressure of the complex UF/sub 6/ - (NaF)/ sub 3/ was determined at 100, 200, and 240 deg C. The measured values were in satisfactory agreement with accepted values of dissociation pressure for this compound. (auth)


Over time, with the advent of institutions like PCORI, patients have played an increasing role in the design of the healthcare systems and modalities that serve them. With that shift in mind, it is interesting to consider how patients and families view the current situation in which, thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person appointments with primary care providers have been replaced by telehealth. Although patients are the ultimate consumers of telehealth, they have had virtually no input into how it works so far, or how it is used. What do they think of this new approach? In this brief we will examine the patients' perspective on the use of telehealth for diagnosis. Yes, it provides safety from COVID-19 transmission, but what else? Do they like it? Is it easy to use? Does it meet their needs? How is it impacting the quality and safety of their health care? And what would they change, if they had the chance?


Although Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) has become standard practice rather than the exception in most Western countries, empirical evidence of the phenomenon is only just emerging in developing economies. This paper examines the use of the internet as a medium for the voluntary communication of financial information by publicly traded companies on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) in Sri Lanka. The 244 companies listed on the CSE were analysed by its 20 industry sectors. The results indicate that IFR is still at a nascent stage in Sri Lanka and there are considerable opportunities and challenges for all stakeholder parties. While 59 percent of companies maintain websites, only 63 of these (about 43%) use their websites to communicate financial information. This indicates that companies in Sri Lanka do not fully garner the benefits of engaging in IFR. However, the online annual reports of the latter IFR companies were found to be highly accessible, with 87 percent of the websites enabling users to locate information in three mouse clicks or less. Industry affiliation is found to be an important factor in determining the intensity of IFR practices as revealed by the statistically significant Pearson Chi-square test and the Likelihood ratio. It was also found that although a variety of reporting formats are utilised for engaging in IFR, PDF is the most widespread format with 92 percent of CSE listed companies using this medium.


I Western Christians, concerned to spread brotherhood, justice and peace are acutely conscious of the issue of 3 I racism in places like the United States and South Africa. 1 They are, however, all too frequently unaware of the I much larger forms of racism in other countries. We hear a -, great deal about the instances of racism in South Africa but I little of the enormous racism and terrible injustice which


Aiming at searching the intelligent education, based on the theory of extremum of function of many variables and majoring the teaching experiment by the way of discussing the applicationg of direction alderivative and whole differential so as to judge the extremum of the dual function, this paper makes an initial probe into the intelligent type of maths teaehing method, the purpose of which is to widen the students ′ mentality and nurture the students ′ sensitivities of exploration and innovation.


High power ratings gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors are usually used with low switching frequency in high power applications current source converters (CSCs), i.e., rectifiers and inverters. Space vector modulation (SVM) technique for CSC is established by dividing ac-side line current cycle into six sectors. Each sector is divided into certain number of space vector (SV) cycles. SV cycle is divided into three states, two active and one zero state. SVM technique generates fifth and seventh harmonics (HD5-7 ) in the CSC ac-side current when operated with low switching frequencies, i.e., low number of SV cycles. Minimal reduction in HD5-7 was achieved by using certain states sequence inside SV cycle, and by calculating states on times at once in the middle of each SV cycle. In this paper, fuzzy logic-dependent technique for calculating states on times in SVM-CSC is proposed. First, two straightforward techniques are discussed. One calculates each state on time from SVM equations in the middle of each state effecting time period. The other calculates all states on times from SVM equations at once when the effective state is changing from one active state to the other. Both techniques give high reduction in HD5-7. Fuzzy logic technique adjusts states on times to give the least possible HD5-7 with a compromise between both straightforward techniques, fuzzy logic tune states on time calculating instants in SVM-CSC. The target for fuzzy logic is to achieve fast states on times adjustment with fixed least HD5-7 in steady state for states on times. States on time's adjustment with fuzzy logic is applied also to a CSC with a small size ac-side filter. An experimental investigation is introduced.


INTRODUCTION I examine whether timely loss recognition affects the sensitivity of firm investment to cash flows, a proxy for internal funds (see Hayashi, 1982). (1) Two related streams of literature motivate my analyses. First, timely loss recognition may arise not only out of a contracting need (Watts, 2003), but also out of the need to reduce information asymmetries between managers and investors (e.g. LaFond and Watts, 2008; Biddle et al., 2009). Where managers have significant information advantages over investors, timely loss recognition may act as a governance mechanism by resulting in a more conservative estimate of firm value. In line with this argument, timely loss recognition has been shown to be negatively related to cost of capital (e.g. Zhang, 2008; Lara et al., 2010), indicating investors consider conservative firms to be less risky. Second, financial reporting may have real effects in that managers take into account financial reporting practices when making operating and investment decisions (see Kanodia, 2007; McNichols and Stubben, 2009). Recent studies by Bushman et al. (2005), Ahmed and Duellman (2011), Francis and Martin (2009), and Lara et al. (2009) provide evidence that timely loss recognition improves capital allocation and investment profitability. Collectively, these findings support the argument by Ball (2001) and Ball and Shivakumar (2005) that conservative accounting forces managers to be mindful ex-ante of how they will report the outcomes of their investment decisions to investors ex-post. Given the potential for timely loss recognition to reduce external capital costs and affect managers' investment decisions, I examine its impact on one of the more established relations in the corporate finance literature, namely, the sensitivity of firm investment to cash flows. (2) Because of its ability to decrease external capital costs, timely loss recognition should be associated with a lower sensitivity of firm investment to cash flows. Furthermore, to the extent that timely loss recognition provides governance benefits, its impact on the investment-cash flow relation should be strongest in firms with a high agency costs (see LaFond and Watts, 2008; Francis and Martin, 2010). To test these predictions I expand the basic investment-cash flow model (e.g., Myers and Majluf, 1984; Gurgler et al., 2007; Chen et al., 2007) and examine whether the sensitivity of investment to cash flows is decreasing in timely loss recognition. I then introduce agency costs into the model to determine whether the impact of timely loss recognition on the investment-cash flow relation is dependent upon a firm's potential for agency problems. Results support my predictions; timely loss recognition is associated with a lower sensitivity of firm investment to cash flows, and this effect is strongest in firms with high agency costs. These findings are robust to both a changes specification of my primary empirical model and alternative measures of timely loss recognition. My study contributes to theory by Ball (2001) and Ball and Shivakumar (2005) that suggests conservative accounting has implications for corporate investment. I complement existing empirical studies by Ahmed and Duellman (2011) and Francis and Martin (2010) that find managers in firms with more timely loss recognition make better investments, and by Bushman et al. (2011) and Lara et al. (2010) which find that greater timely loss recognition improves capital allocation efficiency. My findings also add to the literature on the information benefits of conservative reporting. LaFond and Watts (2008) argue that timely loss recognition is most valuable in firms with high levels of information asymmetry. Francis and Martin (2010) lend empirical support to this argument by documenting that conservative firms make more profitable acquisitions, especially those firms with the potential for substantial agency problems. I provide additional support by documenting that firms with high agency costs benefit more from timely loss recognition in terms of their investment-cash flow sensitivity. …


eastern engagements to western ones (such as Thoreau and Ruskin). The Gandhian theory of reading that Hofmeyr outlines in the next chapter involves concentration and 'extended thought and contemplation' (139). Less is more – it is better to read closely, slowly and deeply than to read widely without depth and understanding. It is important to re-read and recite important texts and the true satyagrahi will also help to further circulate them. As in other aspects of his life, Gandhi retains a certain asceticism in his approach to both reading and writing. This seems ironic given his own voracious appetite for reading and his prolific writing over his lifetime. Perhaps by being the primary selector of texts for translation and dissemination at the ashram, we might see Gandhi playing a role analogous to the 'editor' of the various dialogues published in the paper. For in these dialogues between the editor and the reader staged in pamphlets such as the Hind Swaraj (which Hofmeyr reads closely, reminding us of its specifically South African Indian addressees), despite their willingness to engage in a genuine and respectful dialogue, the editor holds the upper hand, 'changing [the reader] from a hasty and impatient interlocutor to a patient and considered individual' (145). In an elegant conclusion the book invites us to ponder the significance of a Gandhian theory of reading for our own times. In this age 'of Internet magpie reading, a bit of this and a bit of that' where the authority of the 'book' is increasingly being questioned, readers are turning to genres such as summary, excerpt and the 'lower empire of periodicals' (159). This is a textual world familiar not only in Gandhi's time but also in many areas of the global South. A Gandhian theory of reading suggests 'discontinuous reading has and always will be the most widespread form of reading. A Gandhian reality focuses more on how, rather than on what, one reads' (160). Notwithstanding this emphasis on the how rather than the what, Gandhi's Printing Press is a book that deserves a close, slow, careful reading.


A method using magnitude and phase spectrum components for fault detection of catastrophic and parametric faults is presented. A procedure is developed, discrimination factors are defined and their values are adjusted to include circuit parameter deviations. Comparative results from linear and nonlinear configurations of operational amplifier circuits are given, showing a significant increase in fault detectability over a previous method and also an improvement in fault coverage by the use of the power supply current against the output voltage signal.


This essay offers a brief response to Johannes Voelz's call for an engagement with the aesthetics of security and, in particular, insecurity. It raises the question of whether there exists a co-con ...


The operation of RFID systems often involves a situation in which multiple readers physically located near one another may interfere with one another's operation. Such reader collision must be minimized to avoid the faulty or miss reads. Specifically, scheduling the colliding RFID readers to reduce the total system transaction time or response time is the challenging problem for large-scale RFID network deployment. This paper, therefore, aims to use a successful multi-swarm cooperative optimizer called PS2O to minimize both the reader-to-reader interference and total system transaction time in RFID reader networks. The main idea of PS2O is to extend the single population PSO to the interacting multi-swarms model by constructing hierarchical interaction topology and enhanced dynamical update equations. As the RFID network scheduling model formulated in this work is a discrete problem, a binary version of PS2O algorithm is proposed in this study. Numerical results for four test cases with different scales, which ranging from 30 readers to 200 readers, have been presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology.


The varied agro-climatic condition of Meghalaya favours cultivation of different horticultural crops, particularly different fruit crops, and pineapple is the most notable of them. The present study was conducted on 200 tribal pineapple growers of Meghalaya in the North Eastern Himalayan region of India in the year 2017-2018. The article highlighted the technological gap among pineapple growers with special emphasis on the differences in agro-economic, socio-psychological and extension-communication characteristics between the Khasi and the Garo tribes of Meghalaya in the north-eastern Himalayan region of India. The average level of the technological gap of Garo farmers (61.78%) was slightly higher than that of Khasi farmers (57.85%). The Mann-Whitney U test reported that the mean scores of the technological gap for the farmers of West Garo Hills and Ri Bhoi were indicating a significant difference in the technological gap between the farmers of these two tribes. The study suggested the need to understand the differential characteristics of these tribes and to introduce location-specific technologies to minimize the technological gap and increase pineapple production in these tribal areas.


Malaysian folktales are one of the intangible cultural heritages that mirror and carries the lineage of the past generations to the present. It deserves to be preserved systematically but thus far; such effort is scarce if not lacking in this country. Consequently, a study is conducted to create a structural classification of the folktales with an aim to preserve such valuable heritage. Nevertheless, before the classification begins, an important task precedes which are an identification of the Malaysian folktales in a form of literary sources. The identification taskis guided by a combination of two qualifying factors: an operational definition established in the study and also an ownership of the folktales. Ultimately, this paper presents the method employed in the identification process and also the number of the accepted and excluded Malaysian folktales along with the titles of the folktales as findings of the process. © 2016 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


With call for profiling sport tourists specifying heterogeneous segments and their expenditure patterns, this study applied an expenditure-based segmentation on running event travelers to the running events of the United States. The study employed expenditure volume as the segmentation base. Based on the segmentation base, the profile was framed to present expenditure, travel characteristics, and demographics. Results pointed out that the heavy spenders were the representative segment in all of expenditure categories, which were responsible for the most of the participants' total expenditure. In addition, findings disclosed that all three segments allocated the largest budget on lodging while they all spent the least budget on entertainment. Implications for event organizers and future researchers were discussed.


ABS TRACT The Wnt sig na ling path way (WntSP) plays im por tant ro les du ring em bri yo nic de ve lop ment and in ho me os ta tic mec ha nisms. Ab nor mal Wnt/be ta-ca te nin sig na ling is as so ci a ted with many di se a ses inc lu ding car di o vas cu lar di se a ses, can cer, obe sity and de ge ne ra ti ve di sor ders. Mu ta ti ons in the com po nents and the ac ti va tors or in hi bi tors of WntSP ca u se a wi de spec trum of di se a ses. Sin ce each one of them is in vol ved in so me re gu la tory pro ces ses, mu ta ti ons may le ad to aber rant re gu la ti ons as well as se ve re cli ni cal con se qu en ces. Sin ce ac ti va ti on of WntSP is clo sely as so ci a ted with the de ve lop ment of many can cer types, se ve ral Wnt path way spe ci fic in hi bi tors are cur rently un der de ve lop ment. In hi bi ti on of WntSP ga ins im por tan ce for the new the ra pe u tic ap pro ac hes in can cer tre at ment, du ring which, the aim is to re du ce be ta-ca te nin and thus T-cell fac tor-de pen dent trans crip ti on. Inac ti va ti on or si len cing of tu mor sup pres sors, which ser ve as Wnt an ta go nists, ca u ses va ri o us hu man can cers and tu mor for ma ti on. In this re vi ew ar tic le, WntSP as a the ra pe u tic target in can cer the rapy, its sig ni fi can ce in obe sity tre at ment, its in vol ve ment in the pat ho ge ne sis of bo ne-re la ted di se a ses, aor tic val ve cal ci fi ca ti on, de ge ne ra ti ve musc le di se a ses as well as so me ne u ro de ge ne ra ti ve di se a ses we re dis cus sed. WntSP along with its com po nents and con tri bu tors ap pe ars to be a new path way du e to its clo se as so ci a ti on with di se a ses ga i ning im por tan ce thro ug ho ut the world in re cent ye ars. In ves ti ga ti ons per for med on each one of the se pa ra me ters and on this comp li ca ted path way as a who le will be help ful in the pre ven ti on and du ring the tre at ment of the car di o vas cu lar di se a ses and so me ot her clo sely as so ci a ted di se a ses.


In every communications medium, today, including newspapers and magazines, television and radio, and even in personal conversations, we are constantly alerted to the problems of pollution. More often than not, we are asked to do something about these problems. Most of us are learning of little things we can do individually, in our personal lives, to help reduce pollution.


An efficient method for the synthesis of N-alkylated 2-(4-substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde has been developed starting from oxindole and indole using Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of organic azides to alkynes. The effect of catalysts and solvent on these reactions has been investigated. Among all these conditions, while using CuSO4·5H2O, DMF was found to be the best system for this reaction. It could also be prepared in a one-pot three-component manner by treating equimolar quantities of halides, azides, and alkynes. The Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction was performed using CuSO4·5H2O in DMF with easy work-up procedure.


peated hemorrhages for the past ten years. She had been on the Lenhardtz treatment and her history had been published as one of the successful cases treated by the Lenhardtz method. Three or four months ago she again had a hemorrhage and the symptoms were typical of gastric ulcer; we advised operation. A small thickening in the fundus of the stomach was found; all the glands along the curvature were enlarged and there were some adhesions. However, the mucosa was not thickened. The Finney operation was performed and the symptoms disappeared. Such cases show that we should be more careful in our diagnosis of gastric ulcer, and I think that it should only be diagnosed when the symptoms are absolutely classical. Besides hemorrhage there should be a distinct history of pain with distinct relation to food and position of the patient. I have found it to be one of the most reliable signs of ulceration if turning a patient to the opposite side the pain diminished almost immediately. Most patients can sleep on the left side when they cannot lie on the right side at all. Dr. E. Rixford: Dr. Brown said that gastric hemorrhage in connection with appendicitis is not an unusual ocurrence, but it seems to me, judging from a considerable experience, that it is very rare. I have yet to find in my own practice a single case in which there has been anything at all comparable to gastric hemorrhage in connection with appendicitis. Of course, since Moynihan's article and the work of Mayo and a good many other abdominal surgeons, the evidence of pyloric spasm as indicating something wrong lower down in the bowel has become rather full, and we are inclined to look upon it as a physiological protective process. That such a spasm may be sufficiently vigorous to cause bleeding from the mucous membrane is perfectly possible and probably there is something more to it than that. There has recently been some work done with regard to congestion of the base of the right lung as an early symptom in appendicitis. One of our own students here recently had a gangrenous appendix and when examined by the clinicians it was a question whether his trouble were not really a beginning basal pneumonia of the right lung. There was distinct evidence of congestion which all cleared up after the removal of the gangrenous appendix. I have had one case in my experience which might be mentioned in connection with this, though perhaps the connection is rather remote. The patient was brought to the hospital suffering from symptoms of renal or ureteral calculus; there was hematuria and localized pain, with very little, if any, muscular spasm on the right side of the abdomen. The diagnosis of renal calculus seemed justifiable. Examination and washing out of the bladder by a prominent specialist failed to find any calculus. His opinion was that the bleeding was due to a calculus in the ureter, probably located at a point where the pain occurred. Incision over this region by myself showed a very much inflamed appendix, not lying very far from, though not adherent to the ureter. Removal of the appendix was followed by a complete subsidence of te hematuria. Whether these phenomena of congestion have any relation with the phenomenon of bleeding I am not prepared to state. The thing is certainly suggestive. Dr. W. E. Garrey: We know the effect of absorption of toxins on the condition of the cells of the kidney and the appearance of blood in the urine; it might be well, in the cases of the type under discussion, to have a histological examination made of the mucosa of the stomach to determine whether or not there is any pathologic change in the secreting cells of this organ. In connection with the recent work done on internal secretions, substances have been found along the whole alimentary tract which have an effect upon the whole metabolism of the body. I recently saw some of the results of work done by Lewis and Mathews on the duodenum, showing that death resulted from removal of certain parts of this structure, but had no relation whatever to the surgical operation itself other than the removal of the secretions. The death took place seven days after the operation with definite toxic symptoms which these workers attributed to the removal of a necessary internal secretion. A considerable question has been raised as to the possibility of the appendix having such an internal secretion. We know there are substances which are secreted in the upper portion of the alimentary tube not found in the lower part, and vice versa-a consideration which we ought to bear in mind as possibly related to the conditions reported by Dr. Levison. Other facts have been brought out by Moynihan's observations on the movements of the stomach, which are the first clinical corroboration of Cannon's experimental work, in which he shows that the peristaltic movements of the stomach begin toward the antrum and continue through the pylorus. The antrtim is the most motile part of the stomach and this is the only clinical report of this fact I have seen.


This paper presents a new face normalization method based on eyes location. First, the face is roughly located from the original image using a rapid face detection scheme based on a boosted cascade of simple Haar-like features. Second, we accurately locate the pupils of eyes in the face image according to the proportional relationships of face features and gray information. Then a coordinate system is established. Finally, we normalize the rotation, scale and grayscale of the face image. The experimental results show that this algorithm can detect and normalize the face image efficiently and accurately, and it can also improve the face recognition obviously.


Many researchers have found that estimating the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) using the output gap to proxy for real marginal cost tends to produce a counter-intuitive coefficient sign in the model, whereas using the labour income share produces the expected coefficient sign. This article investigates the potential cause of this puzzle: What causes these differing signs for the coefficient for real marginal cost? We find that this coefficient sign crucially depends on the covariance between inflation and marginal cost. Moreover, this covariance in turn critically depends on the cyclicality of the marginal cost proxy that is used.


Brake rigging device is one of the necessary parts of high speed power car. It affects directly running safety of train. This article presented brake rigging device′s design and theoretic calculation of brake distance of the first high speed power car in our country. Calculation shows that the given design meets the design requirement of brake distance.


The distribution of HIV cases varies cross-nationally. We separate the influences of Islam at the macro- and micro-levels to understand the role of religion in shaping the spread of HIV. Drawing on biomarker data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we construct a multilevel database (Individual N = 568,476; Country N = 30). We examine a series of national- and individual-level predictors that may mediate the relationship between Islam and testing HIV-positive. Individual religious affiliation and proportion Muslim retained their risk-reducing effects even when accounting for a range of mediators and suppressors. Islam has a sui generis effect on testing HIV-positive.


Frio and Vicksburg sandstones in the McAllen Ranch and Hinde fields in south Texas show two depth-related zones of secondary porosity. Anomalously high porosity in the upper zone, from 4,000 to 6,500 ft (1,220 to 1,980 m), is related to the dissolution of analcime cement by acidic pore fluids released from adjacent shales. Much of this acid may be produced by the reduction of octahedral iron in smectite clay. Sodium released by analcime dissolution may be responsible for abnormally high salinities calculated for pore fluids in these sandstones. Calcite cementation below the upper zone may be related to fluids rich in calcium carbonate that have migrated up fault zones from great depth. The lower zone of secondary porosity extends from 8,400 to 10,000 ft (2,560 to 3,050 m) at Hinde and from 8,400 to 14,000 ft (2,560 to 4,270 m) at McAllen Ranch. The top of this zone also corresponds to the clay dehydration depth and the top of the abnormally pressured zone. At this depth and temperature, randomly interstratified illite and/or smectite clay becomes ordered and a large amount of water is expelled from the clay structure by potassium fixation. Smectite illitization produces minor amounts of kaolinite and chloritemore » and, more importantly, releases silica and acidic pore water. The acidic pore water migrates into adjacent sandstones and enhances the dissolution of feldspar grains and calcite, creating secondary porosity. The shales at McAllen Ranch have undergone more extensive illitization than those at Hinde, and more secondary porosity is observed in the McAllen Ranch sandstones. Data from detailed chemical and mineralogical analyses were used in mass-balance calculations to confirm that the amounts of acid produced by these reactions can account for the observed secondary porosity in these sandstones.« less


The invention provides a coal boiler, comprising a boiler body and a grate; the lower side of the grate is provided with a lower fan which is communicated with a combustion chamber which is arranged at the bottom of the boiler; smoke in the boiler body enters a deduster through a high temperature heating surface and a low temperature heating surface; the coal boiler is characterized in that the lower side of the deduster is connected with a first smoke re-circulation pipeline which is provided with a re-circulation fan and communicated with the lower fan by a gas conveying pipe; the smoke and combustion air at the bottom of the boiler are mixed and enter the combustion chamber at the bottom of the boiler; the gas conveying pipe is provided with a flux control adjuster; the first smoke re-circulation pipeline is provided with a first isolation adjuster which is used for isolating and adjusting the smoke quantity; the first smoke re-circulation pipe is connected with a second smoke re-circulation pipeline provided with a second isolation adjuster; the second smoke re-circulation pipe is communicated with a hearth by an upper layer fan; the isolation adjuster and the re-circulation fan are respectively provided with a interlocking device; and the coal boiler can improve the boiler efficiency, reduce the smoke, the darkness of the smoke and the exhaust of NOX simultaneously, and can reconstruct the existing coal boilers of different types and capacities.


We recently reported that 3′‐sulfonoquinovosyl‐1′‐monoacylglycerol (designatedA‐5) extracted from sea urchin intestine was effective in suppressing the growth of solid tumors. Although the major fatty acid component of A‐5 was a saturated C16 acid, there were five other fatty acids, 14:0, 18:0, 14:1, 16:1, and 18:1, which constitute minor components of A‐5. Therefore, it remains unclear as to which of these six fatty acid components of A‐5 has the anti‐tumor effect. In this study, we synthesized sulfolipids each containing only one of these six fatty acids and tested their cytotoxicity against tumor cells and in vivo anti‐tumor effects on nude‐mice bearing solid tumors of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A‐549. The IC50 values of all products against tumor cells were more than 10‐5M, suggesting weak cytotoxic activity compared with other chemotherapeutic compounds for cancer. On the other hand, in vivo anti‐tumor assay showed that sulfoquinovosyl‐monoacylglycerols (SQMG) composed of 14:1 and 18:1 (designated SQMG(14:1) and SQMG(18:1), respectively) were significantly effective in suppressing the growth of solid tumors. Our data suggested that these two SQMGs had a substantial anti‐tumor effect in vivo, and they are of interest as candidate drugs for anti‐cancer treatment.


A variable shelf for a communication rack is provided to easily mount and dismount a backboard by easily separating a front body part and a rear body part when a shelf is mounted and dismounted in the backboard. An upper/lower end member capable of installing a front PCB(100) is composed in an upper/lower end of a front body part(200). Front panels(210,220) fixed and installed at both sides of the upper/lower end member are formed in the front body part(200). A plurality of assemblage screws(230) having a uniform length and height are formed at one side of the front panels(210,220) to be combined with a rear body part(300). Rear panels(310) are formed at both sides of a rear body part(300). The rear panels(310) have panel fixed plates(330). A uniform part of the panel fixed plates(330) is protruded and formed to closely adhere to the front panels(210,220) of the front body part(200) and be fixed and installed in the front panels(210,220). A shelf support(350) for supporting the rear panels(310) is formed at an upper side of the rear body part(300). A PCB guide(360) for safely receiving a plurality of rear PCBs(400) is formed in a lower end of the rear body part(300).


In this work, we present a 3D single-particle tracking system that can apply tailored sampling patterns to selectively extract photons that yield the most information for particle localization. We demonstrate that off-center sampling at locations predicted by Fisher information utilizes photons most efficiently. When performing localization in a single dimension, optimized off-center sampling patterns gave doubled precision compared to uniform sampling. A ∼20% increase in precision compared to uniform sampling can be achieved when a similar off-center pattern is used in 3D localization. This work is the first to thoroughly investigate the photon efficiency of different emission patterns in a diffraction-limited system and achieve higher precision than uniform sampling. The ability to maximize information from the limited number of photons demonstrated here is critical for particle tracking applications in biological samples, where photons may be limited.


Purpose: To estimate the agreement between subjective refraction and autorefractions. Method: Data were collected for 53 subjects(106 eyes, mean age 24.9±3.8years) using 4 kinds of aurorefractors(RK-2, ARK-530A, RK-F1, NVision K-5001) and subjective refraction. Results: A comparison of subjective refraction and autorefraction results shows statistically significant differences for mean spherical equivalence(F = 62.274, p = 0.000), Jackson`s crosscylinder at 0°(J0, F = 10.546, p = 0.000), and Jackson`s cross-cylinder at 45°(J45, F = 2.998, p = 0.018). Comparison of mean difference between subjective refraction and autorefractors, autorefractors yield more negative than subjective refraction for spherical equivalence(SE), same or more positive for Jackson`s cross-cylinder at 0°, and same or more negative for Jackson`s cross-cylinder at 45°. Percentage agreement between data obtained for the autorefractors and subjective refraction is as follows; 15.1% for RK-2, 21.6% for ARK-530A, 15.1% for RK-F1, and 33.0% for NVision-K 5001. Conclusion: Data obtained with autorefractors do not substitute the subjective refraction but it may be used as a starting point for subjective refraction.


Stepping into the Editor's role for this issue of Journal of Family Studies has prompted to me to reflect on the importance of research being made accessible for policy-makers, practitioners, and parents themselves. This is not because the articles in this issue are not accessible for non-researchers! Rather, flowing out of the recent Excellence in Research in Australia (ERA) initiative that seeks to assess 'research quality' within Australia's higher education system, (1) there is some confusion about whether academics' work should be assessed simply by how much and where they publish, or whether the 'real-world' impact of their work should also be counted. Regardless of the direction of ERA, research translation is a topic that needs to be brought into this important debate. Research translation remains a serious problem in Australia. (2) Many researchers do not translate their findings for policy or practice. In addition, while much research is funded in Australia, the end result is that printed reports often sit on tables at conferences and workshops. As a consequence, readers are often left to try to make sense of a piece of research. This is no easy task without relevant expertise in the area of interest. In an ideal research world, how would research translation work? To begin with, researchers would write simply and clearly, and offer ideas on the possible implications of their findings for policy and practice. They would disseminate key findings through the media, specialist seminars, workshops, and conference presentations. Leaders in a field would write review articles summarizing the key studies in an area and draw conclusions for policy and practice on the basis of systematic reviews. Funding bodies (especially government departments and agencies) would help to coordinate events where policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and other interested parties could meet to make sense of research in applied context. In Australia, the latter already happens to some degree. The Australian Institute of Family Studies in Melbourne and the Social Policy Research Centre in Sydney each host a national biennial conference in alternate years; the Family Law Section of the Law Council of Australia also hosts a national biennial conference; Family Relationship Services Australia hosts an annual conference. For the past 2 years, the Attorney-General's Department has hosted a 2-day Family Law System conference in Canberra. The Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (FaHCSIA) also holds an annual conference where researchers talk about their findings and discuss the implications for social policy. Moreover, the two large Australian longitudinal studies in the social sciences--the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey--each hold biennial conferences showcasing studies using their data. At the local level, there are many state-based conferences (e.g., the Queensland Law Society Family Law Residential, and the New South Wales Legal Aid Conference). In addition, many Family Law Pathways Networks hold their own conferences in their respective regions (e.g., Coifs Harbour, Canberra, Toowoomba and Perth). There are also specialist groups, such as the Family Law Council and the Child Support National Stakeholders Engagement Group, that meet regularly with researchers from around Australia to remain in touch with the latest empirical findings. Many other conferences take place, and many other groups exist that make use of research to shape their work. Yet, while there is no shortage of opportunities for researchers to talk about their work, research translation at conferences and workshops continues to be problematic. Often there are too many papers and sessions, and not enough time allocated for the sort of discussions or questions that might assist in linking findings to relevant practice. …


THE campaign against air pollution during recent years has stimulated -L medical research and other scientific effort to find the true relationship between fogs and epidemics. It is more than coincidence that the death-rate from pulmonary disease and influenza should be so much greater after these visitations of fog. In short, fog stands convicted as the culprit responsible for more deaths from influenza and respiratory disease than are recorded during an average


This paper probes into the countermeasures for creating learning-type enterprise from recognizing the significance of the creation of learning-type enterprise,establishing a set of dynamic system,cultivating a habit,and improving the overall quality of enterprise staffs,etc.


Currently many small and medium-sized enterprises(SMES) have been on the road of internationalization and have been engaged in international trade.SMES have become important driving forces in developing our national economy and society and played an irreplaceable role.But at the same time SMES also faced many problems such as capital,technology and information problems.After global financial crisis of 2008,the export of SMES has been affected inevitably.This paper analyzed the macroeconomic conditions and problems faced by SMES when engaging in international trade and put forward some adjustment strategy.


Mass measurements of exotic nuclei is a fast, developing field which is essential for basic nuclear physics and a wide range of applications. The method of storage ring mass spectrometry has many advantages: (1) a large amount of nuclides can be simultaneously measured; (2) very short-lived (T-1/2 greater than or similar to 50 mu s) and very rare species (yields down to single ions) can be accessed; (3) nuclides in several atomic charge states can be investigated, (4) half-life measurements can be performed with time-resolved mass spectrometry. In this contribution we concentrate on some recent achievements and future perspectives of the storage ring mass spectrometry.


In modern organization work, adoption and execution of teams are almost in every sector to
increase continues work in current organizational trends finding evidences of complex city in modern
organizational work is tough but important to find. In industrial trends uses of teams are just like the soul of any
organization. There are multiple challenges to analyze and evacuate the full bloom of organizational task force to
manage the high performance of organizations be should meaningfully heads towards the art and science of high
performance standard through team work. There are multiple theories and mind sets towards team formations
that lead us towards different issues and unmanageable psychologies that which creates boundaries in work
development issues, collectively leverage in human capital. These special issues offer some restrictions as well
as new opportunity which leads us towards advance research in future that will build practical approach towards
realistic view point on high performance team work.


Abstract A preparation of a triacontanol-containing compound was studied for its effect on cells involved in the inflammatory response. C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with various concentrations of this compound and investigated for total body weight, wet weight of thymus tissue, number of thymus cells and splenocytes, interleukin 1 production of spleen monocytes, and response of splenocytes to the T cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin. Mice treated with the triacontanol preparation exhibited decreased total body weight, 24% reduction in thymus weights, 39% decrease in the number of thymus cells, and 21% depression in total splenocytes. Splenic monocytes of these animals produced a significantly reduced amount of interleukin 1 and splenocytes had a significantly depressed response to phytohemagglutinin. It is concluded that triacontanol has an inhibitory effect on at least some of the cells responsible for inflammation.


Hypothalamic AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of food intake in mammals. Its role in reproduction at the central level and, more precisely, in gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) release has never been investigated. We showed that each subunit of AMPK is present in immortalised GnRH neurones (GT1‐7 cells). Treatment with 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐d‐ribonucleoside (AICAR) and metformin, two activators of AMPK, increased dose‐dependent and time‐dependent phosphorylation of AMPKα atThr172 in GT1‐7 cells. Phosphorylation of acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase at ser79 also increased. Treatment with AICAR (5 mm) or metformin (5 mm) for 4 h inhibited GnRH release in the presence or absence of GnRH (10−8 m). Specific AMPK inhibitor compound C completely eliminated the effects of AICAR or metformin on GnRH release. Finally, we determined the central effects of AICAR in vivo on food intake and oestrous cyclicity. Ten‐week‐old female rats received a 50 μg AICAR or a saline i.c.v. injection. We detected increased AMPK and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, specifically in the hypothalamus, 30 min after AICAR injection. Food intake was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in animals treated with AICAR than in animals injected with saline, 24 h after injection. This effect was abolished after 1 week. Moreover, during the 4 weeks following injection, the interval between two oestrous stages was significantly lower in the AICAR group than in the saline group. Our findings suggest that AMPK activation may act directly at the hypothalamic level to affect fertility by modulating GnRH release and oestrous cyclicity.


Maharashtra state particular has faced the problem of control of pink bollworm in cotton as a more pronounced during last year and the incidence has been identified from the middle of crop season seriously damaging the cotton in late pickings. Hence the Pink bollworm of Bt. (Bacillus thuringiensis) otton is the major pest in observed in this state. So the present study was conducted in Beed district of Marathwada region from Maharashtra state. In Beed district and three tehsils namely Beed, Wadwani and Majalgaonwere randomly selected on the basis of area under Bt cotton. From each tehsils 4 villages were randomly selected and from each village 10 respondents were randomly selected to comprise 120 respondents. How profile characters affecting adoption of IPM in Bt Cotton was the major objective of the study. Regarding independent variables age had negative significant relationship with their adoption of Integrated Pest Management for controlling pink bollworm. Independent variables of: i) education, ii) occupation, iii) land holding, iv) annual Original Research Article Deshmukh and Ghuge; CJAST, 40(4): 68-71, 2021; Article no.CJAST.65854 69 income, v) social participation, vi) economicmotivation, vii) innovativeness, viii) ix) risk orientation, and x) knowledge had significant relationship withtheir adoption of Integrated Pest Management for controlling pink bollworm and extension mcontact had positive and highly significant relationship with their adoption of Integrated Pest Management for controlling pink bollworm.


Study Design: This was a prospective blinded validity and reliability analysis. Objective: The aim of this study was validation and reliability evaluation of the HipDys-plasiaApp. Methods: Two independent observers performed radiographic measurements of radiographs of 73 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Given the fact that 2 x-rays were measured for each hip of the 73 patients (the first diagnostic X-ray and the one at the end of treatment), a total of 4 hip x-rays were measured for each case, resulting in a total of 292 hips measured by the observers. They measured the Acetabular Index (AI), the Center-Edge (CE), the Acetabular Depth-Width Ratio (ADR), the femoral head extrusion index or Reimer Index (RI), the Congruity Index (CI), the Sharp's angle (SA), Tonnis grade of dislocation (TG), the Acetabular Index of the Weight-Bearing Zone (AIW) and the Congruence Index (CG) of a total of 292 hips using the HipDyspla-siaApp. They also performed manual measurements using the classical method on an X-ray viewer. Measurements were performed on an iPhone (Apple) and, for the classic method of measurement, the observers used pencils, a protractor and rulers. The validity, as well as the interobserver and intraobserver reliability, were calculated using the intraclass coefficient (ICC) between the HipDysplasiaApp and the manual measurements. Results: The intraclass coefficient (ICC) of the intraobserver and interobserver reliability and validity of all indexes (AI, AIWB, CE, RI, ADR, CI, SA, TG, CG) were between 0,994 and 0,999 (p < 0,001) for the HipDysplasiaApp. The time needed to measure using the HipDysplasiaApp, when compared with the manual measurements, is significantly shorter (mean time 35 seconds for the HipDysplasiaApp vs 34 39 minutes when measured manually). Conclusion: The intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Hip dysplasia App, as well as its validity when compared with the manual measurement, is excellent. The ap-plication is valid for clinical evaluation. It is a handy tool for an orthopaedic surgeon. By choosing a few points of measurement on the screen of the application, it calculates the whole range of measurements in seconds. The built-in features can compare the results with a reference database. Furthermore, categorization offers a major helping tool in every-day clinical setting. The values are stored and can be used for later evaluation. Level of Evidence: Level I (Diagnostic Study).


To understand the effects of nitrogen(N) in precipitation on agroecosystems,the precipitation samples at the Shenyang Ecological Station located in lower reach of Liaohe River Plain were collected from 2004 to 2006,and their N forms and amounts were measured.The results showed that the N amount in precipitation had an obvious seasonal change,being the highest in summer due to the higher concentrations of NH4+-N in precipitation and atmosphere.The proportions of dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and NO3--N to total nitrogen(TN) in precipitation were all about 24%,and the annual N flux imported to the agroecosystems by wet deposition was more abundant in recent three years than 20 years ago.The N amount in precipitation in 2005 was increased by one time,compared with that in 1985.On average,the N import from precipitation in 2004-2006 accounted for 28.3% of the applied fertilizer N,suggesting that the N input from precipitation had greater effects on agroecosystem.


UNLABELLED
We previously reported the clinical meaning of measurements of the relative contributions of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins with [123I]iodoamphetamine after oral (in an enteric capsule) and rectal administration. The same method was used to map blood flow in the liver from both of these veins in 82 subjects, 31 with chronic hepatitis and 51 with cirrhosis.

METHODS
Three hours after administration of a capsule containing 22.8 MBq of [123I]iodoamphetamine, data showing hepatic blood flow from the superior mesenteric vein were collected for 10 min. Next, 111 MBq of [123I]iodoamphetamine was administered rectally and data showing hepatic blood flow from the inferior mesenteric vein were collected for 30 min. Shunt indices from the superior and inferior mesenteric veins were calculated from these data.

RESULTS
In patients with chronic hepatitis, blood from the superior mesenteric vein flowed into the right lobe or both lobes, but, in some patients with cirrhosis, blood from this vein flowed into the left lobe. In some patients with chronic hepatitis, blood from the inferior mesenteric vein flowed into the left lobe, but, in most patients with cirrhosis, the liver was not visualized during this examination and evaluation was not possible. Of the 53 patients in whom blood flow from both veins could be evaluated, 47 had blood from the two veins mixed to some extent in the liver and 6 had portal streamlining, with blood from the superior mesenteric vein going to the right lobe and blood from the inferior mesenteric vein going to the left lobe.

CONCLUSION
These results suggest that blood flow in the superior and inferior mesenteric veins can be found mixed in the liver in most subjects with liver disease.


Internet of Things (IoT) technology is being increasingly used in the smart grid to enable real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of power systems. With the Internet as processing centre for IoT, various physical devices such as sensors, meters, and controllers, it enables them to exchange information and interact among each other. In an IoT system, edge computing provides a decentralized computing environment where data can be processed close to the source, reducing latency and network traffic. By integrating IoT edge computing, the smart grid system can collect real-time data on grid operations and use this information to optimize its performance. However, the large volume of data generated by IoT devices in a smart grid system can cause delays in processing and decision-making. To overcome this challenge, delay optimization techniques such as workload allocation is needed to ensure that the smart grid system can quickly and accurately process the data it receives from IoT devices and make decisions based on that data. By using deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we can implement and evaluate the proposed method which is the workload allocation technique. DRL algorithms can learn to decide which action is the best based on the situation of the grid, optimizing delay without the knowledge of the system itself. By using edge-computing as proposed technique, it is proven that it can outperform the cloud computing method based on the result from the simulation.


Medical oversight (MO) means the advice and direction provided by a physician to rescue workers who provide medical care or carry patients at the scene of an emergency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilization of MO and related factors among some 119 rescue workers in Gwangju. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 153 rescue workers in these 119 safety centers. The data were analyzed by SAS version 9.3. Overall 82.4% of the subjects uti-lized MO during the past month. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the married subjects (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.22~12.27), level 1 emergency medical technicians (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.02~8.09), and subjects who treated cardiovascular emergency patients (OR = 9.19, 95% CI = 1.87~45.08) had significantly higher odds ratios for the utilization of MO. The experience of MO accounted for 82%. The development of strategies and education plans taking these results into consideration will help to improve the utilization of MO.


State and federal tax policy in the United States generally favors nonprofit organizations, and particularly nonprofits classified as 501(c)3 nonprofit charities. This favorable tax treatment comes from two types of tax policies. First, nonprofits are exempt from paying a variety of taxes, including the federal corporate income tax (CIT) and many state and local taxes. Second, individuals are encouraged to donate to nonprofit charities through favorable policies in the federal income tax, state income taxes, and the inheritance tax. In this chapter we present some basic material on the tax treatment of nonprofit organizations and then examine what we know and what we do not know about state and federal tax policy toward nonprofit organizations.