Implementation of the internet of things (IoT) by equipping various objects in the world with wireless sensor nodes would result in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. However, since power supply including energy-harvesting is always crucial for wireless sensor nodes, one of most important technological issues must be minimization of power consumption on the nodes. In this report, ultra-low power wireless sensor nodes for monitoring of chicken health and for power saving are introduced, and as the key technologies for node power reduction, low power sensing ("tipping bucket") and communication methods are presented. In addition, as another application of these technologies, vibration-powered sensor nodes for pump condition monitoring are reported.


The climate and environment have changed greatly as a consequence of global warming over the last century.Climate change has brought some adverse effect on natural ecology system,especially on water resources,including quantity,quality,spatial-temporal distribution,water supply and water demand.After the "South to North Water Transfer(E)" project being set up in practice,the self-purification capability will be decreased in the Yangtze River,especially in lower water period,so the wastewater discharge of Shanghai will have an influence on wetland environment in the mouth of the Yangtze River.Using the simulation of four CCCma models provided by DDC of IPCC,the situation of climate change along the mouth area of the Yangtze River in the next 50 to 100 years due to the effects of human activities was analyzed in this paper.It is indicated that the climate change in this area has some effect on precipitation.The precipitation will show,to some degree,an increasing tend,and the increase in annual precipitation intensity is obvious.


In this paper,a binary information hiding algorithm with automatic adjusting ability for medical images is proposed,which can add robust oblivious digital watermark switched from text medical record in images.Arnold Scrambling technique can keep watermark's secrecy.The robustness to a number of standard image processing attacks is demonstrated using the criteria of the latest popular tests.


Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for birthweight (n=2905), weaning weight adjusted to 205 d (n=2264), and preweaning daily gain (n=2264) in four herds of Brahman cattle in southeastern Mexico. Six animal models were fitted for each trait, ranging from a simple model, with the additive direct effect (o2a) as the only random effect, to the complete model with o2a, additive maternal effect (o2m), covariance between them (oam) and maternal permanent environmental effect (o2c). The six models included as fixed effects contemporary group of birth (herd-year-season), sex and parity number. The likelihood ratio test proved that for all traits o2m and o2am were important (P 0.05). Ignoring maternal effects in the models tended to increase direct heritability, while ignoring oam tended to increase error. Elimination of o2c did not affect direct and maternal heritability estimates. Spearman correlations of direct and of maternal animal genetic values, between models with and without o2c were 1, suggesting no differences in the ranking of animals. The genetic correlations between additive and maternal heritabilities for all characteristics were negative, which affected estimated total heritability (lower than in models omitting oam). The additive genetic variance, given maternal effects (o2a.m), was constant across models suggesting a correct partition of additive genetic effects into their direct and maternal components. In conclusion, the most appropriate model must be selected for each characteristic, in order to reduce bias in genetic evaluation.


: The life and work of Chilean writer María Luisa Bombal, as well as her publishing history in Spanish and English, constitute a complex and singular latticework. By living and publishing in both Latin America and the U.S., she guaranteed herself a wide and heterogeneous audience. Furthermore, her unique prose has captivated North American academic circles, which have analyzed her work from a number of diverse theoretical and critical perspectives. This study focuses precisely on her reception within both academia and publishing in the U.S., and analyzes the processes by which her works were translated from Spanish to English and from English to Spanish. This work on the Chilean writer a new in our series Observatorio/Observatorio Studies , which to the reception of All the issues in this new will be introduced with the same Translaciones literarias/Literary shifts (in the or –the terms 'translaciones' and 'shifts' denoting a change of location as well as the notions of transformation, adaptation and, of course, translation. When literary works are transposed to a country other than that where they originated, not only do they move physically but their in the new in language, as is the case here) implies a new reception and interpretation. The word travels and is in the


Abstract Environmentally oriented product policy is in general determined by the relationships between its aims – subjects – objects - tools. It is based on the integrated approach to the product life cycle, which anticipates an enormous amount of information. It has to solve the questions of the international trade as well as the rules of the International Trade Organization. New forms of preventive environmental strategies and especially Green Marketing are being introduced helping to solve environmental problems and environmental motivation of producers. Many producers face great attention of the public regarding their approach to the environment. Despite the fact that the customers buy products fairly prudently and their behaviour is markedly affected by prices, a particular part of the population prefers the products that do not burden the environment. This brings about a situation, in which the producers within their mutual competition and in relation to customers are enforced to behave responsibly.


Based on materials on the localized Chinese overseas, including the Melaka Babas, who are mostly Malay-speaking Chinese, this article reflects on the use of such terms as acculturation and assimilation, as well as hybridization and creolization, in relation to highly localized Chinese. All these concepts are seen as different ways of describing cultural formation in transcultural context. In particular, the relevance of using creolization to refer to the kind of creative process of cultural formation beyond its original usage in the Caribbean is discussed. This results in the identification of fragmented creolization as in the case of the Caribbean and a rooted creolization as in the case of the Babas. The author shall first discuss the issues of assimilation and integration, followed by hybridization and creolization. This is followed by the discussion on localization of Chinese overseas and identity. The concluding section provides some remarks on the concepts reviewed, and three main categories of acculturated Chinese are identified, namely, Chinese who are linguistically assimilated but still observe major Chinese traditions, Chinese who are so acculturated to the mainstream society that they hardly practice Chinese traditions, and Chinese who are both highly localized and highly mixed "racially".


A 10-Gb/s serial link transceiver is demonstrated using double-edged pulsewidth modulation to overcome frequency-dependent losses in electrical interconnects. Time domain modulation is discussed as a means to enhance the spectral efficiency in channels with sharp frequency roll-off similar to multilevel voltage-domain modulation such as 4-PAM. The transmitter and receiver are high-speed programmable digital-to-time and time-to-digital converters that adapt to channel bandwidth characteristics with a timing resolution of 40 ps. This paper presents a low-jitter, phase rotation architecture for cycle-to-cycle transmit pulsewidth control. The transceiver includes an elastic buffer to move data between synchronous and plesiochronous clock domains and is implemented in 45-nm CMOS SOI. Transmitter and receiver functionality is demonstrated to 10 Gb/s at a BER of under 10-12 and is compared against NRZ schemes at the same rate. The inductor-less transmitter and receiver active circuitry respectively occupy an area of 93 × 94 and 218 × 160 μm2, and consume a total 107 mW from a 1.2 V supply.


Axisymmetric full Busemann and discretely approximated Busemann inlet geometries with a design Mach number of 6.0 are numerically simulated by the solution of the Euler equations (inviscid flowfield) at their design point speeds, as well as at oversped and undersped conditions. The flow solutions are presented graphically, and performance parameters at the throat, namely pressure recovery, static temperature ratio, static pressure ratio and adiabatic compression e!ciency, are computed for each design and flight condition. When oversped to Mach 8.0, the compression e!ciency of the full Busemann inlet decreases by 12.3%, and when undersped to Mach 4.0, actually increases above the design point e!ciency by 2.9%. Discrete conical frustum-based approximations to the continuously-curved Busemann inlet geometry, dubbed "quasi-Busemann" inlets, are examined for their performance at 100 frustums and 40 frustums. Quasi-Busemann designs are found to yield reasonably high performance levels as compared with their exact counterparts, even when they are oversped and undersped. A quasi-Busemann inlet approximating the true inlet with 100 discrete conical frustums has a relative compression e!ciency approximately 1% less than the true geometry at the design speed. When the approximation is made more coarse, with 40 conical frustums, the relative compression e!ciency is only 1.1% less than that of the true geometry. These results indicate that a quasi-Busemann design, which has significant manufacturability benefits compared to the true Busemann geometry, especially as the number of frustums is decreased, can have reasonable performance. Visualizations of all the flow solutions studied clearly show the shock structures occurring in each case, including uncancelled throat shock formation as well as shock reflections.


In this paper we derive a theory which describes the effects of field cycles on the magnetization in particulate systems, i.e., the reptation effects. This theory predicts that the difference between reptation and time‐dependence measurements arises from time dependence which occurs during the cycling of the magnetic field, i.e., during the field sweep. These predictions are found to be in good agreement with experimental data published in the following article [Lewis et al. (these proceedings)].


ABSTRACT Co/Ni multilayers have important application in magnetic random access memories(MRAM) and spin transfer torque(STT). The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) of Pt based with Ta inserted Co/Ni multilayers which prepared by magnetron sputtering technique was studied in this article and the thickness of Ta was modulated. The PMA of the samples become better significantly as Ta inserted in the under layer and the squareness is optimum when the inserted Ta is 1 nm. The periodical number n was also modulated and the samples have good PMA all with n changed from 1 to 4. The squareness is best, moreover, the hall resistance is maximum when n is 4. Finally, the optimum sample was obtained as Ta(1 nm)/Pt(5 nm)/Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm) /Co(0.3)/Pt(3 nm).


The utility model relates to a lysimeter for measuring the evaporation of soil, and in particular relates to an automatic lever-type weighing lysimeter. The automatic lever-type weighing lysimeter comprises a weighing sensor, a support, a weight, a balance rod, a soil vessel and a sleeve, wherein the weighing sensor and the balance rod are respectively installed on the ground surface through the support, a pit is dug below one end of the balance rod, the sleeve is arranged in the pit, the soil vessel is hung on one end of the balance rod and contained in the sleeve, undisturbed soil dug from the pit is placed in the soil vessel, the other end of the balance rod pushes against the weighing sensor, and the balance rod is provided with the weight for facilitating the balance of the balance rod. By utilizing the lever principle, not only can the evaporation quantity of the soil be conveniently measured in real time, but also the error caused by that the evaporation quantity is far smaller than the weight of the soil and the weight of the vessel can be eliminated or reduced, and the measuring precision can be improved.


Delaware Technical Community College (DTCC) is a two-year, open admission college that has served the needs of Delawareans for over 50 years. Throughout these years, low pass rates in certain developmental and gatekeeper courses have been a noticeable problem. Two such courses are Elementary Algebra (MAT020) and Anatomy & Physiology I (BIO120). Different attempts to address this problem include revision of syllabi, course redesigns, reorganization of the tutoring services, and incorporating technology into the classroom. Despite these efforts, the problem still persists at the college and continues to be a challenge to student success. In order to ameliorate this problem, DTCC implemented a new program in supplemental instruction. ☐ Created in 1973 at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC), supplemental instruction (SI) is a peer-led academic support service. An SI coordinator, a college staff or faculty member trained in the UMKC model, leads the SI program. SI is characterized by sessions in study skills and notetaking as well as incorporation of group collaboration and various learning strategy activities. These sessions are developed and managed by a trained SI leader who has previously taken the course, been highly successful in it, and attends the class again to serve as a model student. DTCC launched its new SI program in August 2016, starting with two sections of BIO120 and two sections of MAT020. The main goal of the SI program is to increase the pass rates in BIO120 and MAT020, which will lead to greater student success. The purpose of this Education Leadership Portfolio (ELP) is two-fold: (1) to illustrate my leadership role in the research, development, and implementation of the new SI program, and (2) to analyze the effectiveness of the program in order to make recommendations for future improvements. ☐ Creating, implementing, and evaluating SI at DTCC involves multiple steps. SI coordinators were interviewed, hired, and trained in the UMKC SI model. Then, the SI coordinators had to recruit, hire, and train the SI leaders. Each semester, the SI coordinators and SI leaders work closely to make the program successful. There are a few ways to analyze the program's effectiveness. First, SI coordinators compare the grades of the students who attend the SI sessions to the grades of the students who did not attend at all. Next, the coordinators conduct weekly observations of the SI sessions and examine the results to determine if the expectations of the program are being met. Finally, student surveys and interviews determine which aspects of the program the attendees liked and which ones they would change, as well as the possible reasons that non-attendees did not go to the SI sessions. ☐ The results of the grade, observation, and survey analyses show how well the program is meeting its goals. Moreover, this ELP provides the insight needed to make recommendations for improving the program in the future. Through continued professional training and rigorous evaluation, this program has the potential to…


The rationalization used by rapists to justify their criminal behavior are a risk factor for relapse. The modification of cognitive distortions is a therapeutic purpose for rehabilitation (Someda, 2009). Using Rape Scale (Bumby, 1996) we evaluated the participants' (N=480, 57 convicted rapists, 223 students non-rapists) level of cognitive distortions related to rape. Using ANOVA we identified differences between convicted rapists, psychology or law students and polytechnic students (F(3,461) = 60,69, .000, η2p =0.283). In line with previous research (Bell, Kuriloff & Lottes, 1994), men are more lenient with rapists, accept more justifications about rape and blame the victim more. We identified differences between male and female participants and between male students and convicted rapists (F(2,477) = 98,88, .000, η2p =.293).This research brings new evidence for the importance of cognitive restructuring for implicit cognitive distortions. We discuss possible limitations and directions for future research.


The drivers of vehicles on the roads want freedom from accidents. Quite some number of the same drivers want as well freedom to speed, acceleration, enjoyment and excitement on the roads. In a number of areas in the society stringent ethical norms are established. For the road traffic, however, we find no ethical norms. The basic evaluation ends in a conclusion that we can not obtain both freedom to auto enjoyment as well as freedom from road traffic accidents. We have to select the one of the two. If the society change the priority and set freedom from accidents as the first priority, the auto enjoyment on the public roads will have to be taken away. The driving of cars would then be limited to the main purpose to move from A to B. The clear advantage of keeping the freedom To, away from the public roads are the added freedom From for the rest of us. Safe traffic may be analyzed from three angles which all together have to be safe to get a safe traffic. These are safe vehicles on safe roads with careful drivers. If all these three items are safe, the chances for a safe journey are rather good. If one of the factors is not good, the journey may not be safe. The vehicles are improved in the task to protect the people inside against injuries in the case of an accident. The safest roads have at least two lanes in each direction with a solid barrier in between. In Sweden a 2+1 lane system has been taken in use over the last years. Between the two directions a strong mid barrier is installed. This design prevents the damaging head-on collisions by one car coming over in the wrong lane. Seen from a safe traffic point of view, the drivers are the main important item. If the drivers are careful and responsible, even lack of safety connected to the car or the road can be compensated. If the driver goes for speed and enjoyment on the road, this may end in accidents even if the car and road are perfect. The drivers are therefore the key element in a strategy towards safe traffic. From a technical point of view the vehicles may be equipped with a black box, knowing exactly where the car is at any time using the GPS system. This means that the car may know the speed limit at the road. The navigation box may include a verbal speed informing system, a high speed preventer and a data logger writing speed data. Zero vision is a long term aim to avoid any killed or seriously injured in the road traffic. Is it possible at all to keep the freedom to speed and enjoyment and at the same time approach zero accidents? The zero vision is by definition close to impossible. If this impossible aim shall have any chance to succeed, this mean that the freedom From accidents have to get the first priority.


Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides effective treatment of hematological malignancies and other disorders. However, the procedure temporarily compromises the immune system resulting in damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called mucosal barrier injury (MBI), and neutropenia. The GI tract is host to billions of micro-organisms that not only share our body space but are essential for health. These micro-organisms constitute the microbiome and seldom cause us harm. However infection can, and does, occur when the mucosal barrier of the gut is injured. Fortunately antimicrobial agents are employed to prevent and treat infectious complications.

Never the less, as this thesis shows, almost all HSCT recipients develop fever that is the result of inflammation induced by certain drugs employed to prepare for the transplant. Furthermore, measuring the blood concentrations of the amino acid citrulline provides a means of assessing MBI and indicates that MBI, rather than neutropenia, defines the period of risk of fever and bacteraemia following transplant. With the ready availability of blood, this simple and reliable test can help to explore ways of ameliorating MBI to reduce inflammation and fever which, in turn, would lead to a more tailored approach to antibiotic treatment. This can only be a good thing as it will help reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Knowing the citrulline level could also help decide whether a patient needs to be admitted to hospital or can be treated safely at home.


Polycarbonate (PC) materials are widely used for the packaging of drinkable water. The use of PC materials as food packaging raises some concerns for the migration of Bisphenol A (BPA), which is the monomer of PC. Therefore, in this research, it was aimed to determine the quality of new (not used before) and old (life time ended) PC water carboys in terms of residual BPA and BPA migration levels with respect to storage conditions. For this purpose, BPA migration was determined by storing at three different temperatures (5, 20 and 40  C) for seven different storage times (1., 5., 10., 20., 30., 45. and 60 days.) Residual and migrated BPA levels were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detector. As a result, PC water carboys contained low levels of residual of BPA, and lower or higher residual BPA levels were detected in old materials compared to new materials. The BPA migration level increased by temperature and time, and storage under sunlight increased the level of BPA migration. BPA migration levels under all storage conditions were below the specific migration limit for BPA. In order to reach the tolerable daily intake of BPA even under the worst storage condition of PC water carboys, daily water consumption was calculated as 16 liters for a person with a body weight of 60 kg. On the other hand, this daily water consumption might not be rational for a person. Therefore, it was concluded that PC water carboys possessed no risk in terms of BPA migration levels under the conditions


This chapter considers the civilian Scots located in the Swedish capital city, Stockholm, and their influence on commerce. It considers the civilian activities of the Scots in Stockholm, to evaluate their significance, in order to place them into a comparative context with their sister communities elsewhere. The Stockholm-Scots were a mix of military, mercantile and artisan families and strove to maintain a distinctive economic and linguistic community in the same way as the Dutch. Scots resident out with the city were oft en buried in Stockholm's churches, some of them being laid to rest among the elite of the nation in Riddarholms Kyrka. The chapter establishes a number of features about the Scottish civilian presence in the city that evolved from the arrival of a single merchant into a thriving community of merchants, entrepreneurs, artisans, scholars, clergymen, soldiers, sailors, administrators, noblemen and humble servants. Keywords: commerce; commodity; Dutch; entrepreneurs; merchants; Scottish civilian; Scottish community; seventeenth century; Stockholm-scots; Stockholm's churches


The invention discloses a novel thermo-sensitive transparent biocompatible material, which consists of four monomers, namely 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylamide (AM). The thermo-sensitive transparent biocompatible material is copolymer hydrogel synthesized by a thermal polymerization method, and the optimum ratios of the four monomers are disclosed. The thermo-sensitive transparent biocompatible material is high in moisture content and high in light transmittance, has the advantages of flexibility and comfort, has transparency and a thermo-sensitive characteristic, has a bright application prospect in aspects of the release and absorption of heavy metals, the control and release of medicines and the like, and is suitable for corneal contact lens materials for sustained-release medicines.


This article describes the use of an adjustable frequency drive for a water pump in a waste water treatment plant. In addition to reducing energy consumption, maintenance costs were reduced and the efficiency of the plant and the primary clarifier was increased. Variations in water level are reduced by improved control of the pump speed, rather than an on/off response to water level.


Piercing is today's popular form of body art and self-expression. It may seem totally safe because some celebrities use piercings to flaunt their style or attitude. The oral and perioral piercing has a long history as part of religious, tribal, cultural or sexual symbolism and nowadays there is a high incidence of oral and perioral piercing in the adolescent population. This practice has a long history as part of religious, tribal, cultural or sexual symbolism. This is of concern to dental and medical professionals because of the risk and complications to their health. This article reviews current knowledge on injuries or diseases that might be produced by piercing in the oral cavity.


The invention relates to a device composed of a snap-fit LED tube and a snap-fit used for clamping the LED tube, belonging to the technical field of LED lamps. The tube comprises a tube body, a chip set and a power supply, wherein the top of the tube body is arranged with a hook; the hook comprises a hook body which is vertical to a baseplate, and a hook arm which protrudes outwards from the top of the hook body; and the snap-fit comprises a U-shaped buckle, two lower ends of the U-shaped arms of the buckle are provided with buckle crooks which protrude inwards, and a pressing plate is formed by extension from the outside of the U-shaped arms in a skewed upward direction. The instalment comprises the following steps: pressing a pressing plate, enabling the hook to stretch into the U-shaped opening, loosening the pressing plate to enable the U-shaped arms of the buckle to reset and the lower edge of the hook arm to contact with the upper edge of the buckle crook, so that the hook is clamped by the snap-fitand the instalment of the LED tubes is over. The invention has the advantages of convenient instalment and stable connection; and the snap-fit is in small volume and needs fewer materials, so that the production cost is reduced.


By 1516 Luther charged that the Schoolmen had grotesquely inflated the significance of natural virtues. Thereafter, he increasingly was provoked by the suggestion that human effort—touched only lightly, if at all, by grace—could accomplish more healing than harm. But it is commonly supposed that opinions Luther then condemned were opinions he had condoned in his earliest works, in which he is said to have assumed God's willingness to accept the best efforts of sinful persons as virtuous preparation for grace. Certainly Luther's ambitious remarks about partial merit (mentum de congruo), which found their way into his marginal notes on Lombard's Sentences (1509–1510) and into his Dictata super Psalterium (1513–1515), contrast with his later repudiation of the "sufficiencies" of natural powers for moral achievement and of moral achievement for divine acceptance and reward. Luther himself conceded his schoolboy admiration for Ockham, who probably inspired the semipelagianism of much of the late medieval soteriology that Luther came to detest. Understandably, Luther's early apparent endorsements of semipelagian features of scholastic soteriology have attracted considerable scholarly attention. His passage from nominalism to Protestantism, choreographed variously with leaps and stumbles or as an orderly march, has been a topic for debate ever since new fragments of Luther's early theology surfaced and were pieced together in the nineteenth century. Yet two early sermons have generated comparatively little discussion. Copied together from a manuscript in Erfurt and published twice before 1900, they are clearly witnesses from Luther's early career and their contribution to the determination and evaluation of his early semipelagianism ought not to be undervalued.


Electric vehicle planetary gear speed change device of the present invention is provided with a first sun gear, a second sun gear, a first planetary gear, a second planetary gear, a carrier, a ring gear and a clutch. The first sun gear is rotated in conjunction with the drive shaft, the second sun gear is provided to enable idle rotation on the drive shaft. The first stage the speed change when the carrier is fixed the first planetary possible gear and the second planetary gear rotates, and rotate the ring gear, the second sun gear is held stationary during two-speed first planetary gear and the second planetary gears are rotated on a carrier and it is coupled to rotate with the revolution and appliances. The clutch of claim 1 can be a variable speed by selectively fixed to a flange which is provided with the sun gear and second sun gear, and hence, possible shift, and the revolution rate and the reduction ratio of the output gear of the speed change.


Today"s fierce business environment and the recent economic downturn are compelling organizations to focus not only on quality but on learning as well so as to be able to distinguish themselves from others. Recent studies have proved that organizations" rate of learning and reacting is a significant source of sustainable competitive advantage (Jashapara, 2003; Skerlavaj and Dimövski, 2006). For the purpose of this study, ISO 9001 certification has been used as an indicator of quality. An adapted version of the survey questionnaire developed by Watkins and Marsick was used to collect data from ISO 9001 certified organizations across different sectors in Mauritius. The results and implications of the survey are analysed and discussed. It was found that the organizations do meet the characteristics of learning organizations. The research revealed that leadership is one of the main areas of strength. Leaders empower others and they also support requests for learning and training. Consistency of actions is ensured and employees are given time to support learning. Moreover, it was found that an atmosphere of trust and respect prevails in the organizations. As far as weaknesses are concerned, reward seems to be a major cause for concern. Rewards at both individual and team level received rather poor ratings. Measurement of results of training, alignment of vision and communication are other areas that need to be improved upon. The predominance of questionnaire items with a mean score of about 3 allows the deduction that learning does occur in quality-oriented organizations.


Appropriately substituted N-centered urazolyl radicals are capable of generating interesting cage-like structures upon forming N-N bonds. The radicals are generated by the oxidation of the corresponding NH urazole precursors. We synthesized a triurazole precursor that we hoped would dimerize through the formation of three N-N bonds to afford a large molecular cage. Unfortunately, the attempts at the oxidation of the urazoles to form urazolyl radicals instead only lead to random oligomerization, forming plastic-like materials rather than the desired cages.


In this chapter we discuss several methods for solving the LCP based on principal pivot steps. One common feature of these methods is that they do not introduce any artiicial variable. These methods employ either single or double principal pivot steps, and are guaranteed to process LCPs associated with P-matrices or PSD-matrices or both. We consider the LCP (qqM) o f order n, which is the following in tabular form. w z q I ;M q wwz > = 0 w T z = 0 (4:1) 4.1 PRINCIPAL PIVOTING METHOD I This method is most useful for solving LCPs (qqM) in which M is a P-matrix. It only moves among complementary basic vectors for (4.1) which are infeasible, and terminates when a complementary feasible basic vector is obtained. It employs only single principal pivot steps. The initial complementary basic vector for starting the method is w = (w 1 : : : w n). In this method, the variables may c hange signs several times during the algorithm, beforea complementary solution is obtained in the nal step. In a general step, let q = (q 1 : : : q n) T bethe updated right hand side constants vector in the present canonical tableau of (4.1). If q > = 0, the present complementary


In a survey of diseases of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) near Charleston, S. C, in 1945, severely mottled pods were observed on several plants of the Tendergreen variety. It was suspected that the mottling was caused by the virus of southern bean mosaic (bean mosaic virus 4, Marmor laesiofaciens Zaum, and Harter) (^, 7).^ However, inoculations of the Pinto variety of bean with expressed juice from the mottled pods produced local lesions unlike those produced on it by the southern bean mosaic virus. Inoculations of other varieties also showed differences not only in the local lesions produced by the two viruses but also in varietal susceptibility. The systemic-mottled symptoms produced by these viruses on leaves were difficult to differentiate. Nothing is known about the distribution of this virus under field conditions or about its economic importance. Since this virus is readily transmitted mechanically, it is not unlikely that it could be spread by field laborers, by farm machinery such as cultivators, by wind-blown sand, and by other means. This paper reports the results of a study of the new virus in comparison with southern bean mosaic virus, which it most closely resembles. The data presented, which are the basis for the identification of this virus, show how it differs from similar viruses. Because of the extreme mottling that this virus produces on the pods of certain systemically infected varieties, the disease produced by it is called pod mottle. The name proposed for the virus conforms to Holmes^ system of virus classification {3).


For the problem of distributed manufacturing resource evaluation and selection,based on manufacturing resource evaluation indexes system,an evaluation model combined fuzzy theory with analytic hierarchy process and law of comparative judgment was presented.The method solves the problem of deciding the weight factors when there are many evaluation indexes,and making the evaluation more scientific and reliable.An application example of the method was illustrated to demonstrate its effectivenes.


ABSTRACT This paper compared two soil moisture downscaling methods using three scaling factors. Level 3 soil moisture product of advanced microwave scanning radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) is downscaled from 25 to 1 km. The downscaled results are compared with the soil moisture observations from polarimetric scanning radiometer (PSR) microwave radiometer and field sampling. The results show that (1) the scaling factor of normalized soil thermal inertia (NSTIs) and vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI) are better than soil evaporative efficiency in reflecting soil moisture; (2) for method 1, NSTIS is the best in the downscaling of soil moisture. For method 2, VTCI is the best; (3) no significant differences of the correlation coefficients (R2) and the biases were found between the two methods for the same scaling factors. However, method 2 shows a better potential than method 1 in the time-series applications of the downscaling of soil moisture; (4) compared with the relationship between the area-averaged soil moisture of AMSR-E and that of PSR, R2 of the 6 sets of the downscaled soil moisture almost do not decrease, which suggests the validity of the downscaling of soil moisture with the two downscaling methods using the three scaling factors.


BACKGROUND: Processing parameters and material properties of epoxy resins can be vastly influenced by choice of curing agent. In this work, metal complexes were investigated as initiators for anionic and cationic epoxide polymerization. Systems for thermally induced and electron beam-induced curing are described.

RESULTS: Zinc or cobalt imidazole complexes of the type [M(imidazole)2(anion)2] are efficient initiators for anionic polymerization of glycidyl-based epoxy resins. The complexes can be employed to prepare tailored resin systems ranging from fast curing systems at slightly elevated temperatures to systems with very high thermal latencies curable at temperatures far above 150 °C. Silver complexes [Ag(L)n]SbF6 (L = crown ether or alkene) are highly efficient initiators for cationic curing and low initiator contents of around 1% are sufficient to reach high degrees of crosslinking. The complexes are excellent initiators for both thermally induced and electron beam-induced polymerizations.

CONCLUSION: Metal complexes are powerful initiators for the homopolymerization of epoxy resins and can be designed not only for anionic and cationic polymerization but also for thermal and radiation curing. Based on this study and additional work, a library can be compiled which allows retrieval of optimized metal–ligand–anion combinations and adjustment of the initiators to the respective processing and material demands. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


Based on the length weight data collected from New Ferry Wharf (NFW), Sasoon Docks (S.D) & Versova landing centres, the length-weight relationship for two important catfishes, Arius caelatus and A. tenuispinis from Mumbai waters has been reported in the present communication. There is no significant difference in growth between sexes for both the species, based on the ANACOVA test. Length-weight relationship derived were W = 0.00419 * L 3.263 (R 2 = 0.899) and W = 0.0306 * L 2.720 (R 2 = 0.953), for A. caelatus and A. tenuispinis respectively. Growth pattern study showed isometric growth for A. caelatus and A. tenuispinis.


Based on the basic theory of spray drying process,green micron ceramic microspheres were prepared through spray drying method by using metakaolinite as the raw material.Slurry concentration,inlet temperature and spray pressure were taken into account to explore their influences on the particle size and morphology and formation mechanism of the microspheres.Through the experiments to optimize process parameters,it is found that processing under the condition including the spray pressure of 1.2MPa,the inlet temperature of 140℃ and the slurry's solid content of 25 wt% can give almost perfect microspheres with uniform particle size.After the secondary sintering,high sphericity and highly dispersed metakaolinite microspheres with high strength,high hardness and smooth surfaces can be obtained.The secondary sintering following the spray drying can become a new method to manufacture microns ceramic microspheres.


Sila-substitution (C/Si exchange) at the 4-position of the piperidine skeleton of the σ receptor ligand panamesine (1a, EMD 57445) leads to sila-panamesine (1b). Compounds 1a and 1b were synthesized in multistep syntheses, starting from 1-benzyl-4-piperidone and tetramethoxysilane, respectively, and were isolated as the hydrochlorides 1a·HCl and 1b·HCl. ESI-MS studies of aqueous solutions of the silanol 1b and the corresponding disiloxane 14 at different pH values revealed a remarkable stability of 1b. The identities of 1a·HCl and 1b·HCl were established by elemental analyses and multinuclear NMR studies. The σ1 and σ2 receptor affinities of the C/Si analogues panamesine (1a) and sila-panamesine (1b) were determined in competitive radioligand receptor binding studies. It was shown that the C/Si exchange results in a 3-fold enhancement of σ1 receptor affinity.


The purpose of the paper is to present a new generalization of the dual Fibonacci quaternions called  the generalized dual bi-periodic Fibonacci quaternions. This new generalization allow us to state several number of dual quaternion sequences in a unique sequence. Furthermore, we give the generating function, the Binet formula, the norm value and some basic properties of these dual quaternions.


Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have challenged real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods The CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus real-time RT-PCR panel was modified to create a single-plex extraction-free proxy RT-PCR assay, VOCFast™. This assay uses the nucleocapsid N1 as well as novel primer/probe pairs to target VOC mutations in the Orf1a and spike (S) genes. For analytical validation of VOCFast, synthetic controls for the Wuhan, alpha/B.1.1.7, beta/B.1.351, and gamma/P.1 strains were tested at various concentrations. Clinical validation was performed using patient anterior nares swab and saliva specimens collected in the Denver, CO area between Nov 2020 and Feb 2021 or in March 2021. Orthogonal next-generation sequencing (NGS) was also performed. Results Similar N1 quantification cycle (Cq) values corresponding to viral load were observed for all strains, suggesting that VOC mutations do not affect performance of the N1 primer/probe. Orf1a-mut and S1-mut primer/probes generated a stable high Cq value for the Wuhan strain. Conversely, Orf1a-mut Cq values were inversely correlated with viral load for all VOC. The S1-mut Cq was inversely correlated with viral load of the alpha strain, but did not reliably amplify beta/gamma VOC. The limit of detection was 8 copies/uL. The first set of COVID-19 patient specimens revealed no amplification using Orf1a-mut whereas 53% of specimens collected in Mar 2021 demonstrated amplification by Orf-1a. Orthogonal testing by the SARS-CoV-2 NGS Assay and COVID-DX software demonstrated that 12/12 alpha strains, 2/2 beta/gamma strains, and 33/33 Wuhan strains were correctly identified by VOCFast. Detection of VOC in clinical specimens and validation by NGS Conclusion The combination of the N1, Orf1a-mut, and S1-mut primers/probes in VOCFast can distinguish the Wuhan, alpha, and beta/gamma strains and it consistent with NGS results. Testing of clinical samples revealed that VOC emerged in Denver, CO in March 2021. Future work to discriminate beta, gamma, and emerging VOC is ongoing. In summary, VOCFast is an extraction-free RT-PCR assay for nasal swab and saliva specimens that can identify VOC with a turnaround time suitable for clinical testing. Disclosures Brian L. Harry, MD PhD, Summit Biolabs Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Shareholder) Mara Couto-Rodriguez, MS, Biotia (Employee) Dorottya Nagy-Szakal, MD PhD, Biotia Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Niamh B. O'Hara, PhD, Biotia (Board Member, Employee, Shareholder) Shi-Long Lu, MD PhD, Summit Biolabs Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Shareholder)


The extra‐curricular sphere may possess certain qualities that could make it a useful arena for the advancement of education for sustainable development (ESD) work in higher education (HE). Speculation on these qualities and potential functions is examined with reference to research into UK HE practice, including a postal questionnaire survey of UK universities and an ongoing case study to explore the impact of extra‐curricular practice at one institution over a year. Extra‐curricular ESD practices are found to be common in UK HE. Their potential utility is confirmed but set alongside several limiting factors. The case study in progress illuminates some of the connective attributes speculated to be useful in a systemic change process.


Observed post-construction settlement records of three large sanitary landfills in Los Angeles County, California, are analyzed to identify the interrelationships between settlement rates and fill depth, length of construction period, and elapsed time measured as median fill age. The field data are then used for comparision with published field and model studies by other investigators. Preliminary conclusions of this analysis indicate the following: (1) The rate of settlement appears to decrease linearly with logarithmic median fill age; and(2) settlement rate increases with fill depth in general. However, there seems to exist a limiting depth. Greater than this limiting depth, there is no significant increase in settlement rate with further increase in depth. This depth for the cases studied is about 100 ft (30.5m).


This paper presents an investigation into the development of an intelligence parametric identification for a single-link flexible manipulator system using genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The global search technique of GA and PSO employ different strategies in the area of algorithm design, natural basis and computational effort in order to find the solution of a given objective function. A simulation environment characterizing the dynamic behavior of flexible manipulator system was first developed using finite difference (FD) method. The flexible manipulator was driven by a bang-bang torque and the input-output data of the system acquired is used for system identification using GA and PSO techniques based on autoregressive model structure. The identification is performed on basis of minimizing the mean-squared error (MSE) between the measured and estimated outputs of the flexible manipulator. The validation of the algorithm is assessed with correlation tests and in time and frequency domains. It is demonstrated that the PSO has perform far better with the value of MSE is 3.0147×10-6 compared to GA with 1.4908×10-4. The best model obtained characterizes the dynamic behavior of the system well and will be used in the future for control design and development


The present study was initiated with the aim of determining the diversity of endomycorrhizal fungi leads to the regeneration of forest systems (reforestation of local species). To achieve this, root and soil samplings were carried out under Acacia feet developing in the regions of Rhamna-Sidi Bouathman (Bounaga, Jbilat) and Haha (Amhach,). Spores were isolated from soil samples by wet sieving and the roots were stained with cresyl blue. The observation of the roots shows an arbuscular mycorrhization of all the species of the studied genus Acacia. The frequency of mycorrhization of roots varies from 50% to 83.33%. The highest mycorrhizal intensity was observed in Acacia raddiana roots and the lowest in Acacia aneura roots. Vesicles were not observed and arbuscular contents ranged from 8.85% in Acacia raddiana roots to 0.23% in Acacia aneura roots. The number of AMC spores isolated from different soils varies from 13 to 29 spores per 100g of soil in the bare soil of the sites surveyed and from 13 to 32 spores per 100 g of soil in the rhizosphere of the acacias. These spores represent 41 species of MA fungi that belong to 12 genera: Glomus (10 species), Rhizophagus (2 species), Funneliformis (4 species), Claroideoglomus (1 species), Dentiscutata (2 species), Gigaspora (3 species), Scutellospora (2 species), Racocetra(1 species), Acaulospora (6 species), Entrophospora (1 species), Diversispora (1 species) and Ambispora (1) to 7 families (Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Gigasporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Entrophosporaceae, Diversisporaceae, Ambisporaceae) and 3 orders (Glomerales, Diversisporales, Archaeosporales). The species Claroideoglomus etunicatum is the most common species among the studied sites; its frequency of occurrence is of the order of 12% of all isolated MA fungi.


An analytical, power-law derived hypersonic waverider model is developed using a three-dimensional wedge-based flowfield with viscous effects. The model is designed for simple parametric tradeoffs, and understanding of more complex optimization results. This analytical model is validated against a viscous optimized conical waverider created using an inverse design technique. Off-design performance of the analytical model at varying Mach numbers and angles-of-attack is validated using an optimized shock defined waverider (which itself has been validated with an Euler CFD calculation). Both the variable wedge angle waverider and shock defined waverider calculations had the same magnitude of error in comparison to the CFD validation L/D's (maximum of 2% difference). The variable wedge angle method calculated the same aerodynamic and geometric properties of higher order methods in orders of magnitude less time.


Recent field investigation that collected and characterized vadose zone sediments from beneath inactive liquid disposal facilities at the Hanford 200 Areas show lower than expected concentrations of a long-term risk driver, Tc-99. Therefore laboratory studies were performed to re-create one of the three processes that were used to separate the plutonium from spent fuel and that created most of the wastes disposed or currently stored in tanks at Hanford. The laboratory simulations were used to compare with current estimates based mainly on flow sheet estimates and spotty historical data. Three simulations of the bismuth phosphate precipitation process show that less that 1% of the Tc-99, Cs-135/137, Sr-90, I-129 carry down with the Pu product and thus these isotopes should have remained within the metals waste streams that after neutralization were sent to single shell tanks. Conversely, these isotopes should not be expected to be found in the first and subsequent cycle waste streams that went to cribs. Measurable quantities (~20 to 30%) of the lanthanides, yttrium, and trivalent actinides (Am and Cm) do precipitate with the Pu product, which is higher than the 10% estimate made for current inventory projections. Surprisingly, Se (added as selenate form) also shows about 10% more » association with the Pu/bismuth phosphate solids. We speculate that the incorporation of some Se into the bismuth phosphate precipitate is caused by selenate substitution into crystal lattice sites for the phosphate. The bulk of the U daughter product Th-234 and Np-237 daughter product Pa-233 also associate with the solids. We suspect that the Pa daughter products of U (Pa-234 and Pa-231) would also co-precipitate with the bismuth phosphate induced solids. No more than 1 % of the Sr-90 and Sb-125 should carry down with the Pu product that ultimately was purified. Thus the current scheme used to estimate where fission products end up being disposed overestimates by one order of magnitude the partitioning Sr-90, Cs-137, and Sb-125 and by at least two orders of magnitude the portioning of Tc-99 to the first and subsequent cycle waste streams that went to cribs. Conversely, the current scheme underestimates the lanthanide and yttrium fission product quantities that went to cribs by a factor of about 3. « less


At present, 80 percent of the populations in developing countries rely largely on plant-based drugs for their health care needs. The present medicinal plants value chain is characterized by the informal nature of its upstream base (producers, gatherers and collectors) and its better organized and more formally structured actors downstream (processors and wholesalers/retailers). Overall, the value chain operates with little vertical integration and almost no horizontal collaboration. The goal of this analysis is to provide a diverse group of stakeholders with the information needed to make sound decisions and plan interventions focused on developing productive and globally competitive industries dependent upon the sustainable management of scarce natural resources that will benefit local people. The collection and marketing of medicinal plants from the wild is an important source of livelihood for many of the poor in developing countries. Value chain strengthening is a potentially powerful tool for promoting NHWP (Nature, Health, Wealth and Power) related development goals, but deliberate interventions are necessary to create opportunities for the rural poor. Medicinal plants can be collected from wild and cultivated areas. The supply chain is often very long with as many as six or seven marketing stages involving primary collectors and producers, local contractors, regional wholesale markets, large wholesale markets and specialized. Medicinal Plants supply chains have varying requirements for their cultivation, resource management in the wild, harvesting, processing, and importantly marketing. In order to become competitive in the medicinal plants global market place, value chain must become more flexible, innovative, and efficient, so it can bring to market new products in a timely fashion.


Abstract The international introduction industry, more commonly known as the 'mail order bride' industry, is often portrayed in American media as a conduit of human trafficking or a ploy by women from 'third world' countries to gain access to American citizenship. This study addresses how men participating in the international introduction industry perceived the industry and the agency/sincerity of women who participate in it across three different geographic spaces, namely Ukraine, Colombia and the Philippines, and how these perceptions often adopt racialized discourses that portrays white Ukrainian women as sexy 'scammers', while women of color are more likely to be portrayed as victims of poverty and patriarchy. Based on empirical data collected on romance tours within all geographic spaces with male participants, I suggest that men's racialized assumptions regarding women's intentions within the industry, as well as what type of agency they possess, are heavily based on tropes of the third world as backwards, traditional, and static.


We present a theoretical investigation on the transport properties of the nanostructures consisting of magneticelectric barriers produced by the deposition,on the top of a heterostructure,of metallic ferromagnetic stripe with an applied voltage.Both the transmission probability and the conductance are found to be greatly dependent upon the applied voltage.When a positive voltage is applied to the stripe,both the transmission probability and the conductance shift towards low-energy region and increase.Conversely,they move towards high-energy direction and reduce for an applied negative voltage.


The aim of this thesis is to assess the suitability of a concept design for a tactical surveillance system. The design relies on a compressed air launcher, known as the Initiator, to launch a small projectile, known as the Spy. At the top of its trajectory the Spy passively deploys a set of blades and uses auto rotation to slow its descent. As it falls, an on-board electrical arrangement transmits live video feed to the user, giving a birds eye view of the ground below. This report focuses on the the Initiator. First an initial design is developed and a prototype constructed. A pressure test was conducted on the prototype to confirm its structural integrity. When the a threaded joint failed this test, the project scope changed to an analysis of the PVC threaded joint to quantify where the internal pressure exceeded the thread strength. Finally, a redesign is conducted to address shortcomings of the original prototype.


The study investigated the work performance and the leadership styles of the workers in the Chittoor Sugar factory located at the Chittoor town of South India in order to know the correlation between the work performance and the leadership style of the workers. The study mainly concentrated on the three interesting leadership styles that are at the top, bottom and the middle of the leadership authority hierarchy, namely the autocratic, democratic and the laissez-faire leadership styles. Upon study it has been found that the more productive workers are indeed inclined towards the autocratic leadership style, the least productive workers have more of the laissez-faire leadership styles and the medium productive workers are more inclined toward the democratic style.


ings. Needham, gaining in experience and attracting ever new collaborators, shows how rich is this unexploited mass of materials. Again and again, reading his work, my eyes would be drawn to the Chinese characters that accompanied his translations and explanations for the myriad technical and semitechnical terms in which the texts of that tradition are couched. Reading on, I began to dream that perhaps, when Needham's great labor was done, Cambridge University Press would find workers to collate from this sweep of volumes an indexglossary with explanations and cross-references, so that all those trying to embark on similar studies would be able to learn systematically what Needham had learned before them. Thus, perhaps in the 1990s, one would begin to be able to make a truer assessment of whether or not China had indeed entered that dialogue of world science, and if so, when. It would be Needham's finest final gift to the spirit of rational enquiry.


Measurements of the angular distributions of the C(B,Li !O reaction were performed at three energies of a B beam: 28, 35, and 40 MeV. The results were analyzed in the frame of the exact finite range disto wave Born approximation of the first and the second order assuming the simultaneous and sequential tr of the neutron and thea particle. Such an analysis was also performed for previously measured angu distributions of theC~d,Li !Be reaction at Elab 5 78 MeV. In both reactions under investigation dominance was found of the simultaneous transfer of the a particle and the nucleon correlated to the He (Li ! cluster in the ground or the first excited state. @S0556-2813 ~96!01507-5#


The economic interests of the telecommunications industry are increasingly dependent on global markets. This globalization is in great measure due to the past successes of the industry's efforts to provide global information movement and management (GIM and M) services through facilitating compatible national and international standards. The provision of ever-improving GIM and M services based on widely implemented global standards is essential to both the telecommunication service industry and the vast array of businesses using these services. Increasingly, "taking care of business"' will involve global standards that facilitate use of the best technology to achieve responsive, flexible (user-friendly), manageable, information movement between and among points distributed around the globe as determined by the needs of customers of these services. >


High voltage (HV) silicon-carbide (SiC) MOSFET has multiple advantages over its silicon (Si) counterpart including lower losses, higher blocking voltage, and improved thermal performance. SiC-based high-frequency power conversion solutions start to penetrate into medium voltage (MV) high-power areas due to high-density and high-efficiency. However, faster SiC switching transitions in MV lead to electromagnetic emissions, insulation degradation, and system-integration challenges. This paper provides several examples of using SiC high-frequency power conversion solutions in medium-voltage high power areas to illustrate the challenges and recent advancements. SiC device in series for MV two-level converters, HV PD-free PCB bus structure, SiC solid-state transformers, and MV insulated auxiliary power supply system are discussed.


Over the past four decades, Morocco has experienced an Islamist challenge to the dominance of the ruling elites. The context of existing Literature on the subject of Islamism delineates three main perspectives. First, there is an approach focusing upon the activist role of Islamist minorities, the causes of their radicalization and their organization and scope of influence. Second, there is an approach that focuses on the Islamist discourse and ideology including radical trends. Third, there is a cultural approach that deals with the culture of Islamism and the question of their identities. The author limits himself to one aspect of cultural embedding: how do Islamists conceive of leadership? Are they solely inspired by their dogmas or also by the social representations of the cultural soil? He argues that Islamism is a culture that gives birth to radical thought under particular social, economic and political constraints. Keywords: cultural approach; Islamism; Islamist leadership; Morocco


This study aims at exploring the perceived impact of grammar competence among the students of English literature. Participant observation and in-depth interview are conducted to the students of English literature in Universitas Sains Alqur'an in academic year 2017/2018. The data is then comprehensively analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. The result of this study shows that based on the students` perception, the grammar competence really influences the students' speaking ability. Mostly the students perceived that the goodness of speaking ability depends on the grammar competence. There is only in the certain condition that the student has good speaking ability in less of grammar competence. The students also have different attitudes/ways to develop the speaking ability and grammar competence.


Bw ETWEEN the years 1948 and 1963 rural Colombia was lashed by political conflict so intense that it has become known by its generic name, la Violencia. The dimensions of this orgy of guerrilla warfare, assassination, extortion, torture, and mass murder have prompted one observer to state: "No other country in Latin America and few nations of the world have in mid-twentieth century experienced internal violence and guerrilla warfare as has Colombia."' The impact of la Violencia upon Colombian society and the Colombian political


Story telling has universal appeal as the oldest medium through which to pass on knowledge in a way that engages the interest of others. A type of story telling based on therapeutic principles is especially accessible to children as it uses the natural language of metaphor and dreams. Therapeutic stories are a powerful intervention in the lives of children who have experienced abuse, neglect, loss, bereavement or rejection. Using casework examples, this paper demonstrates how an educational psychologist can effectively use therapeutic stories to enable children either individually or in groups to have their feelings of hurt acknowledged through carefully constructed and co-constructed stories. This technique provides an evidence-based resource for educational psychologists to use, enabling the damaged identities of children to begin to be repaired.


We read with interest the article of Giaretti et al. [2] associating specific gene mutations with aneuploidy of sporadic colorectal carcinomas, and the central role of the KRAS2 gene in this process, but we would like to raise some points of discussion on the data presented. The majority of sporadic colorectal cancers present chromosomal instability (CIN), which is believed to be reflected by DNA aneuploidy, and this is thought to be one of the key genomic events in colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression [3]. Despite extensive research efforts in the area, the mechanisms which give rise to this phenotype are still largely unknown [1,4–7]. Giaretti et al. [2] found a significant association of specific mutations on KRAS2 and APC genes, and genomic losses on 1p34–36, with aneuploidy. Within KRAS2 mutations the authors found that only G–C and G–T transversions, and not G–A transitions, were strongly associated with DNA aneuploidy (and, by inference, CIN). It would be interesting to speculate about the biological consequences that these different mutations have, and how this affects mechanisms involved in maintenance of the integrity of the genome, and more specific the chromosomes. Also putting these data in perspective of other findings, gives further food for thought. As said before, adenoma to carcinoma progression is largely believed to be determined by the onset, or at least acceleration of chromosomal instability. For instance, in a study by Hermsen et al. [3], progressed adenomas appeared to show more commonly G–A transitions than G–C and G–T transversions in the KRAS2 gene. Also at the other hand of the spectrum of precursors of colorectal cancer, KRAS mutations appear to play a role. KRAS mutations are frequently found in aberrant crypt foci and most of these lesions hardly ever progress to malignancy [8]. The role of KRAS in aneuploidy in the context of colorectal carcinogenesis still seems to hold some enigmas.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of oxymorphone extended release (ER) in patients with cancer-related pain.

DESIGN
Post hoc analysis of two-1-year open-label extension studies.

SETTING
Multiple US cancer treatment facilities.

PATIENTS
Patients with cancer pain who had participated in two short-term crossover comparator trials of oxymorphone ER: one open-label and one double-blind randomized.

INTERVENTIONS
Patients who had been taking oxymorphone ER continued the dose established in the previous study. Patients who had been taking a comparator opioid were switched to an equianalgesic dose of oxymorphone ER. All patients underwent individualized oxymorphone ER dose titration to optimize effectiveness and tolerability.

ASSESSMENTS
Current, average, worst, and least pain scores were normalized to a 100-point scale. Patients rated treatment on a five-point global assessment of study medication (Poor = 1 to Excellent = 5). All adverse events (AEs) were recorded.

RESULTS
Of the 80 patients who entered the extension trials, 26 completed 52 weeks, 7 discontinued owing to loss of effectiveness, and 20 discontinued owing to AEs, most of which were unrelated to study drug. No significant increase in mean (standard deviation [SDD average pain intensity was observed from baseline (30.5 [19.6], 100-point scale) to final visit (35.9 [21.1], p = 0.37). The most common AEs were concomitant disease progression (28.8 percent, n=23), nausea (22.5 percent, n=18), dyspnea (16.3 percent, n=13), fatigue (16.3 percent, n=13), and edema of the lower limb (15 percent, n=12).

CONCLUSIONS
In these patients with pain related to cancer, oxymorphone ER was generally well tolerated and provided stable long-term pain control.


It is a researching hot spot about how to apply mobile computing technology in education sufficiently and effectively.Trying to design a mobile learning system possessed characteristics of medical education,and in order to meet the demand that adapt the development of modern educational technique and improve medical education reform.The foundation on which application of mobile learning,designing a structure based on WAP learning system,and analyzing the functional modules,describing the development and running of the structure.Using the system in teaching practice makes mobile learning based on connecting with browsing come true.At the same time,it has confirmed the system feasibility.This has laid the foundation for mobile learning in the medicine education further application.


A special high-energy spark ignition system which designed to ignite air-fuel mixtures at high gas pressures and a local gas flow velocity of above 100 m/s was experimentally investigated in the work. A specific feature of the system is the automatic stabilization of the discharge current when an arc length is growing. Due to this, volumetric ignition of the air-fuel mixture is ensured to provide a reliable start of gas turbine engines.


This paper presents the design of a wideband X-band microstrip 4×4Butler matrix. The wideband performance of the Butler matrix means that it possesses equal coupling and difference of phases throughout the operating band. Design of the wideband components such as 3-branch branch line hybrid, crossover and Schiffman line phase shifter are presented in this paper. A final design of the Butler matrix is proposed. The Butler matrix exhibits couplings and phase errors within −6.7 ± 0.7 dB and 10 ◦ over a 20% bandwidth with a center frequency at 10 GHz.


Smart tourism is a 21st-century technological phenomenon where tourism suppliers and tourists are interconnected. The Malaysia National Tourism Policy's 2020-2030 concurs that one of the tactical strategies to increase visitor's economy in the rural areas is through 'digitalization'. Parallel to this, community-based tourism's (CBT) homestay programs have long been a government's endeavor in assisting rural tourism's economics. In heading towards smart tourism, CBT must be consistent with the progress. However, current investigation on CBT's readiness to accept smart tourism in Malaysia is still infancy. This is a proposed study with objectives to explore the concept of smart CBT within Malaysian context, to investigate the readiness of CBT in Malaysia to adopt smart tourism, and to identify the strategies for Malaysia National Tourism Policy. The study will employ qualitative approach where semi-structured interview will be conducted with industry experts associated with tourism and homestays from different regions in Malaysia. The expected findings will establish the current setting of smart tourism in the CBT context, which will derive input for Malaysia National Tourism Policy.


The PhD thesis focus on the analysis and investigation of a crucial issue related to increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs). This recent issue is the unintentional (i.e. uncontrolled) islanding operation in distribution network with large penetration of DERs based on power electronic converters. Particular focus has been addressed to the interaction between DERs, protection systems and new connection rules required by standard bodies. The aim of the research activity is the investigation on the causes and the influencing factors of unintentional islanding in medium and low voltage (MV and LV) distribution network.
The unintentional islanding issue has interested many studies and publications over the last decades. However, the literature research is lacking of considering the lately introduced European standards and technical specifications for DERs. Therefore, during the PhD research, novel aspects of how requirements and ancillary services influence the unintentional islanding operations have been studied, highlighting novel relevant factors, such as the role of the loads characteristics, the influence of the frequency measure and the inverter regulation speed.


Type: Cases and controls. Level of evidence: III. it was directed interview looking for inconsistencies between physical examination, electromyography and symptomatology referred to by the patient and image studies and determined whether or not suspected simulation. Seventy six patients selected were valued at random that were operated column in the period 1994-2010. The data were statistically evaluated with frequencies and measures of association, where 14 simulators patients were found. Risk factors were identified to be simulator, resulting 3.4 times more likely to be a patient simulator if concerns close to 10 similar scale pain. It is 5 times more likely to be simulator is requesting a pension by the disease. It has a history of psychiatric pathology, rises 6.7 times be simulator to this being the factor that showed greater partnership. No patient had a previous psychiatric assessment. Patients should have a psychiatric assessment if you suspect simulation and all patient must be operated only if there is consistency between it and the objective. This study will serve as a basis for a guide to clinical identifying and handling of patient's postoperated simulators spine.


University towns are influenced by the features of urbanization and impact greatly on the health of the inhabitants. This paper evaluates the impacts of urbanization on the Third Ward communities that are located within Texas Southern University and the University of Houston. The paper further assesses how characteristics of the urban environment may have affected the population health. The historical background of the Third Ward Houston Texas is first reviewed to determine the extent to which urbanization and the presence of universities have impacted on the quality of life of the residents. The overall effects of urbanization are reviewed using all the available literature with broad emphasis on the physical, and social environments, and access to health and social services. Irrespective of the presence of universities and colleges, the surrounding neighborhood communities of the Third Ward Houston continue to face formidable historic challenges to improving public health and general quality of life. Although, urbanization has brought about reinvestment initiatives, changing demographics, and growth creating changes that offer new opportunities for improving health while requiring that health systems be adapted to residents' health needs, however, the communities remain stagnant and unique. Ultimately, the key factors affecting the quality of life in the Third Ward communities are the physical environment, the social environment, and access to health and social services. Overall, the neighborhood communities of the Third Ward do not seem to respond positively to developmental influence of the universities and colleges and are negatively impacted by urbanization. It is suggested that improvement in the Third Ward areas should require setting local, state, and national agendas for progress. Therefore, certain priorities must be put in place namely, development must reorient around the educational and population dynamics, including cultural diversity, and the growing numbers of elderly. @JASEM


Rhythm in soundscape characterizes the time structure of the soundscape with its distinctive sound events embedded in comprehensive acoustical scenery. The "Nauener Platz" evaluation was balancing between acoustic measurements, architectural planning, and the expertise from people living in the area to contribute to the reconstruction of the place. Information of a new understanding and concept of a public place was underlying the development of the new Soundscape based on noise reduction and audio islands playing the sound people like to live with in that area. This Soundscape will be provided here in musical performance also explaining the cultural and social issues behind. The Soundscape Project is a module of the Project "Nauener Platz‐Remodelling for Young and Old" in the framework of the research program "Experimental Housing and Urban Development (ExWoSt)" of the "Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs (BMVBS)" by the "Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR)." It...


The problem of formation of the informational and educational space of the university reveals in the article. It is described the mechanism of integration processes in the informational and educational space of the university and the library's role in these processes. It is shown that process of creation of informational and educational space of the university is substantially provided with library. The university library is considered as a backbone element of informational and educational space from the standpoint of a systemic approach. Ability of library to interaction with other subjects of the informational and educational space of the university, which introduces high-quality change in its activity, is emphasized. According to the title, the article determines the integrative library function of the university, which provides the effect of the integrity of the informational and educational space in two directions: internally and externally. The implementation of the integrative library function, which integrates all the subsystems of the institution, is described in detail, creates filling of documentary level of the informational and educational space and maintains its integrity. Also the external direction of integration in which the university library provides access to the global informational and educational space of the city, region, country and world by implementing integrative function. The article gives a detailed analysis of the library's role in the creation of educational resources in the informational and educational space of the university. Conclusions are drawn that if the internal integration is aimed at providing integrity of the informational and educational space of the university and is based on the interaction of its subject of the university, the external integration involves combining educational resources of various institutions (not only universities). Opportunities, which are opened by external integration at the modern stage of development of the information society, through to new information technologies, are listened. This article is of interest to employees of university libraries, as well as researchers, who consider the question of modernization of activities university libraries.


With the development of mobile communication networks,wireless video surveillance in many fields has undergone an unprecedented development,but because the faults of low-bandwidth and high-error-bitrate of the mobile network,wireless video transmission is facing great challenges.Wireless video transmission mainly related to these questions,the first one is bandwidth,the other is transmission.This paper has done many research in these key technologies,and gives a new solution by using multi-network to transmission data,and designs a system based on mobile network which is composed by code transmission equipment,management server and user client.


An end-to-end CNN-LSTM network with salient feature attention and context-guided feature selection mechanism for robust visual odometry (VO) on monocular image sequence is developed in this paper. Deep learning-based visual odometry methods have drawn significant concerns comparing with traditional methods. Existing learning-based VO methods usually ignored the redundant features would increase error accumulation, and their rotational and translational motion parameters coupling would enlarge trajectory drift. A scheme on enhancing the visual salient features and decoupling motion parameters to alleviate these problems is investigated in our approach. The classical FlowNet paralleled with a VGG-based salient feature model to reinforce perceptive fields is designed based on an attention mechanism to extract the prominent geometric features from successive monocular images. Furthermore, to reduce the coupling of different motion patterns, a motion decoupled dual Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) scheme based on guided feature selection mechanism is designed to select guided features to separately regress rotational and translational parameters. Experiments on KITTI dataset show competitive performance of the proposed approach compared with state-of-the-art deep learning based visual odometry methods.


A constitutive model has been developed to capture the behavior of cross-anisotropic frictional materials. The elastoplastic, single hardening model for isotropic materials serves as the basic framework. Based on the experimental results of cross-anisotropic sands in isotropic compression tests, the principal stress coordinate system is rotated such that the model operates isotropically within the rotated framework. Experimental plastic work contours on the octahedral plane are plotted for a series of true triaxial tests on dense Santa Monica Beach sand to study the effects of cross anisotropy on the evolution of yield surfaces. The amount of rotation of the yield and plastic potential surfaces decreases to zero (isotropic state) with loading. The model is constructed for cases where the principal stress and material symmetry axes are collinear and no significant rotation of principal stresses occur. The model incorporates fourteen parameters that can be determined from simple experiments, such as isotropic compression, drained triaxial compression, and triaxial extension tests. A series of true triaxial and isotropic compression tests on dense Santa Monica Beach sand are used as a basis for verification of the capabilities of the proposed model.


In May 2010 Castlemaine Goldfields Ltd took ownership of the Ballarat Gold Project and began exploring the northern areas of the Ballarat East goldfield from the existing underground workings. The project was on a care and maintenance status at that time with a small team of core professionals and staff of ten people. However, following the decision in early 2011 to resume mining and processing the team has since grown to more than 100 persons with first gold production in September 2011 and a continued ramp up in activities.


Objective To provide modern surgical management of complex intracranial aneurysms and to evaluate its clinical outcome. Methods Direct microsurgical repair of complex intracranial aneurysms was performed in 42 patients. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was conducted to evaluate surgical outcome. Results Aneurysms were clipped in 37 cases, trapped in 3 cases, and wrapped in 1 case. Proximal parent artery was occluded in 1 case. At the time of hospital discharge, good outcomes(GOS scores of 4 or 5) were achieved in 37 cases, poor outcomes (GOS scores of 2 or 3) in 3 cases, and 2 patients died. A total of 29 cases were follow up in 4 months to 7 years, good outcomes were achieved in 27 cases, poor outcomes in 1 case and death in 1 case.Conclusions Until now surgical intervention of complex intracranial aneurysms is still very challenge and difficult. Multiple surgical techniques such as wide exposure, temporary occlusion of parent arteries, brain protection, decompression of aneurysms, shrinkage of wide aneurysmal neck, aneurysmorrhaphy and vessle plastic should be taken to get good outcome. In the future surgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms, combined operative and endovascular techniques in a complementary way is a useful management for the best prognosis.


Based on the reality of business process reengineering of enterprises, the paper proposes a business process reengineering method with case-based reasoning to support the optimization, evaluation and reengineering of business process and focuses on describing the feasibility and features of the method and the representing and retrieval approaches of the case.


One thing clearly needs to be decided. Either support should be given to a bill that is truly a "total ban" on all human cloning, or else support should be given to a bill that is only a "partial ban" on human cloning. If a bill purports to be a "total ban" on all human cloning, but is really just a "partial ban", then the public needs and has the right to know that fact. This is not about a "perfect" bill, or about "incrementalism". It is about stating the truth about a bill that is purported to be a "total ban" but in reality is only a "partial" ban on human cloning.


The information storage medium aspect of the invention (1) comprises a rewritable area (A1, A2, A3), the rewritable area user area (UA) comprises a storing user data, and a storage management for rewritable defective area on the defect management area information of a defect management area (DMA), the defect management area comprises first and second defect management reserved area (DMA0, DMA1), the first defect management reserved area (DMA0) for storing defect management information in the initial state, and a second defect management reserved area (the DMA1) at a predetermined timing for defect management information stored in the transfer.


Most mechanical excavation of rock is done with picks. The present limitation on economic pick application is the inability of the tools to physically withstand operation in hard and abrasive rocks. One way of improving this situation is to use hybrid rock cutting systems. This may involve water jet assistance or assistance given to the pick by the use of different types of cutting tool. The overall aim is to increase the range of rocks that can be cut by picks and to reduce wear. Recent laboratory studies using very blunt disc cutting tools have shown that the lateral extent of cracks between adjacent cutters is much greater than has been previously reported. The experiments are detailed and it is suggested that the cracked rock between adjacent disc cutter grooves may be efficiently removed by either pick or water jet. Further work has shown that while blunt discs produce wide lateral cracks, sharp discs produce deep vertical cracks. It is suggested that with the appropriate application of these two types of tool, picks and water jets, increases in cutting efficiency, reductions in tool wear and excavation of stronger rocks may be possible.


Introduction: The increasing number of patient visits in the Hospital Emergency Room (IGD) causes the phenomenon of overcrowding. The phenomenon of overcrowding is associated with an increase in unexpected events, service delays, increased mortality and length of hospitalization. The throughput factor is the main focus of crowding handling in the ER and an important indicator of the patient throughput process in the ER is the Emergency Department Length Of Stay (EDLOS). Too long a patient's time in the ER in getting special treatment, can give the patient's family a response to feel anxious and afraid. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the factors of length of stay and the level of anxiety of the patient's family in the Emergency Room at Immanuel Hospital.
Method: uses quantitative research methods. The research design uses correlational analysis with a Cross Sectional approach. The population of patients who visited the ER in July-August 2022 was 1097 and the sample used was non-probability random sampling, through the calculation of the slovin formula, the number of samples was 91 respondents. The instruments used are observation sheets and questionnaires.
Results: of the spearmen rank test obtained a p value of 0.000 <0.05, which means Ha is accepted, which means that there is a relationship between the factors of length of stay and the level of anxiety of the patient's family in the ER Immanuel Hospital.
Conclusion: Emergency Department Length Of Stay (EDLOS) at Immanuel Hospital in the fast category includes; time for laboratory examination, review and consultation time, waiting time for transfer, while anxiety in families in the category of not having anxiety. recommendation are expected that health workers who carry out effective therapeutic communication in the ER can be further improved so that there is no prolonged length of stay which causes the patient's family to experience severe anxiety.

Keywords : Length of Stay, Level of Anxiety, Emergency Room


The variations of the hyperfine structure of a glycocoll monocrystal irradiated with x rays were studied as a function of the crystal orientation and the temperature. A spe cial attempt was made to determine the temperature domain where the spectral variations occur. (tr-auth)


PATIENTS IN the West Midlands will be able to seek advice from nurses via their digital televisions in two new pilot projects launched this month.


Norredam M, Garcia‐Lopez A, Keiding N, Krasnik A. Excess use of coercive measures in psychiatry among migrants compared with native Danes.


Biochemical Analyzer aids in the analysis of biological fluid samples for the concentration of desired analyte and other characteristics. This measurement of substances is used in various settings — from diagnostics to prognostics and even in security checking. Current biochemical analyzers are quite expensive, need large space for installation and not suitable for field applications due to non-portability. The current study is focused on the design and fabrication of a low cost, portable and reliable biochemical analyzer for on-site application. Briefly, the device was conceptualized comprising of an optical assembly, rotator-gear system, interfacing hardware and software components. The outer housing and the proper positioning of each component was designed on SolidWorks. The same was fabricated from Acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene (ABS) by 3D printing. The optical unit incorporates inexpensive light emitting diode (LED), photo electric transducer (L14F2 photo transistor) and low cost optical interference bandpass filters. The optical filter was validated by a custom made paper craft spectrometer. An Arduino UNO board was used for interfacing the detector with an LCD, which displays the readings. The measurements were based on Beer Lambert's law; thus a series of experiments were conducted to get optimized alignment of sensor-sample holder-light source trio. Though the device has the options to accommodate multiple optical filters, the current study was based on single bandpass interference filter with peak absorption at 505 nm (with a target to estimate blood glucose level). For an easy selection of these optical filters, a mechanical gear system was employed. As the final step, the device would be validated for its accuracy by estimating blood glucose and comparing the same against the reading by an IVD certified biochemical analyzer, Evolution 3000. Such a low cost hand held biochemical analyzer has the great potential to be used effectively in remote rural health set ups and medical camps.


In order to study the training needs of the farm women and their constraints, 120 farm women were selected randomly from Raigad district ofKonkan region. The special designed schedule was used for collection of data. The data were collected for the year 2009. The qualitative data were quantified using suitable statistical tools. 55.00 per cent of the farm women were of opinion that training was needed more in respect of use of fumigants at stored place' followed by 'use of preventive measures at stored place (46.67 %), identification of stored grain pest, its nature of damage and control measures (40.00 %). Major constraints faced by the respondents in food grain storage practices were, high cost of improved storage structure (85.00 %), lack of knowledge on identification of stored grain pest (69.16%), unavailability of different storage structures (56.66 %).


Phytoplankton phenology studies require a dataset that is continuous in time and space since missing data have been shown to affect the accuracy of seasonality metrics. The interpolated GlobColour product provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) meets these requirements by being 'gap filled', thus yielding the highest spatial coverage. Despite being validated on a global scale, a regional comparison to in situ Chl-a concentrations should be conducted to enable product application in optically complex waters. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the GlobColour interpolated product in British Columbia coastal waters via a statistical match-up analysis and a qualitative analysis to determine whether the data reflect the region's large-scale seasonal trends and latitudinal dynamics. Additionally, the statistical performance of the GlobColour interpolated product was compared to the original GlobColour and Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) merged chlorophyll-a products based on in situ observations. The GlobColour interpolated product performed relatively well and was comparable to the best-performing product for each water type (RMSE = 0.28, r2 = 0.77, MdAD = 1.5, BIAS = 0.90). The statistics for all the products degraded in Case 2 waters, thus highlighting the dilemma of applying algorithms designed for Case 1 waters in Case 2 waters. Our results indicate how the quality of products can vary in different environmental conditions.


This study investigated the impact of using Physics Education Technology (PhET) simulations in teaching Electromagnetism on the learners' performance. Also, the study sort to establish the impact of using PhET simulations on the learners' attitude towards Electromagnetism. The study was done on sixty-three 11th grade learners from Kantanshi Secondary School in Mufulira District of Zambia. Two intact grade-11 classes classes were randomly selected for this study. Then the two classes were randomly assigned to the experimental and the control groups respectively. A non-equivalent group pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental research design was used. The experimental group (N = 33) and the control group (N = 30) were taught the topic of Electromagnetism using PhET simulations and the traditional lecture method respectively. The collected data were analysed using t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests in SPSS version 20. The findings of the research were that; the use of PhET simulations had a significant positive impact on the learners' performance in Electromagnetism (i.e. t = 3.253 ; df = 61 ; p = 0.002). PhET simulations equally had a significant positive impact on the learner's attitude towards Electromagnetism (i.e. U = 378.0; p = 0.050 ). Therefore, the study recommends the use of PhET simulations rather than the traditional lecture method in teaching electromagnetism.


The coupling compound of Biotin (Vitamin H) and redox molecule ferrocene through covalent bonding was studied. Synthesis and structure identification of Biotinylated 1 - (- 2- aminoethyl) ferrocene were performed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS. The ultimate goal of this paper is to develop derivatives of ferroceneservingas an electrochemical probe that would enhance the performance of immunosensor.An immunosensor based on polypyrrole-streptavidin layer as platform for immobilization of biotinylatedferrocene and antibodies was developed. The measurement of redox signal of ferrocene was analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method and underlined a variation of redox properties upon the antigen interaction. The introduction of the redox biotinylatedferrocene into streptavidin-polypyrrole layer affords a good sensitivity of the biosensor with a detection limit of 0.16 pg.mL-1.


Contrary to the standard view in the Kant literature, I argue that the concept of "existence" is the real focus of Kant's investigation in the "First Moment" of the "Analytic of the Beautiful" in the Critique of the Power of Judgment. That is, "existence" is not a secondary or subordinate part of a more general discourse concerning the "disinterestedness of aesthetic judgment". Rather, the whole characterization of the judgment of taste as a "judgment of an object grounded on a delight in it which is without any interest" shall be considered here as a means to constructing a new definition of the modal concept of "existence". More generally, the four moments of the "Analytic of the Beautiful" contain preliminary work on the modal concepts of existence, possibility, necessity — and, of course, contingency, which is very important because it is required for the definition of the very special modal status of the "maxims of judgment".


Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease due to the reduction of mass or bone tissue so that the bones become brittle. One of the causes of the fragility of bone is the formation of free radicals due to oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can stimulate bone resorption. Lycopene is a compound contained in tomatoes found in large quantities. Lycopene is known to have strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this research is to know the activity of lycopene as antiosteopotosis from tomato fruit through antioxidant mechanism using molecular docking method in silico. The stages of this research are preparation of 3D lycopene structure database and SOD and GPx protein, protein preparation using Chimera 1.10.1 application, optimization of lycopene 3D structure using HyperChem 8 application, and validation of molecular docking and lycopene docking methods on the proteins using Autodock application 4.2. The results showed that lycopene was able to interact with SOD and GPx proteins shown by negative bond energy, ie -0.75 and -1,61 kcal mol respectively. These interactions show that lycopene can neutralize free radicals by inducing SOD and GPx proteins so that oxidative stress triggering the bone resorption which as one of the causes of osteoporosis can be prevented


Article 308 EC If action by the Union should prove necessary, within the framework of the policies defined in the Treaties, to attain one of the objectives set out in the Treaties, and the Treaties have not provided the necessary powers, the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament, shall adopt the appropriate measures. Where the measures in question are adopted by the Council in accordance with a special legislative procedure, it shall also act unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after obtaining the consent of the European Parliament.


A case study of Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph's Masada for bassoon and string quartet (1989) and its reception history allows for observations to be made regarding the extent to which musicological debates of the last three decades have shifted ideas on musical meaning and authorial control, including the impact these debates have had on the relationship between composers and musicologists. Masada was conceived in the final hours of apartheid and it greeted the dawn of democracy in the form of a recording. In this guise, it surreptitiously entered the art music canon of the 'New South Africa' where its status and importance remained unquestioned for more than a decade. In 2011, my conference paper about Masada stirred a controversy around the work that continues to affect its reception history. Events that followed the conference raise concerns regarding the divided interests of composers and musicologists, which extend to questions around the mandates and ethics of scholarly practices relating to composition and musicology in South Africa. This article flows from that original paper and includes the events that followed, since these now form a crucial part of the discourse on Masada .