Hydro-glaciological investigations are carried out in Greenland to investigate the hydrological conditions for hydropower plants. Data for hydrological model simulations are collected from 41 automatic stations designed to work under the rigorous conditions of arctic climate. The automatic stations are supplemented by manual measurements of temperature, rainfall, snow distribution, runoff and ablation. The data are subjected to parameter analysis to provide input for the model simulation. In this data interpretation satellite information is useful to describe air temperature and snow distribution and delineate drainage basins on the Inland Ice. Data interpretation is resource consuming, but the level at which data can be interpretated is high. The two step process of data interpretation and data analysis simulation makes it possible to describe a hydrological system on the basis of only a few years of measurements. Introduction Hydro-glaciological investigations are carried out in Greenland by Greenlands technical Organization (GTO) and the Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU), both state agencies under the Ministry of Greenland. The objective is to investigate the hydrological conditions for the establishment of hydropower plants. There are no hydropower plants in Greenland today, but investigations are carried out in twenty basins (Fig. 1 ) . The first power plant is expected to be projected in 1987, and four other plants to be put into operation before the year 2 000. The investigations cover a description of the hydro-glaciological regimes and procurement of the hydrological basis, based on long time-series of the essential parameters such as runoff, precipitation, ablation and temperature for the dimensioning of hydropower plants. Data from automatic hydro-meteorological stations are used for the hydrological calculations. The automatic stations are supplemented by manual measurements of temperature, rainfall, snow distribution, simultaneous runoff measurements in subdrainage basins (synchron measurements) and ablation measurements on local glaciers and the Inland Ice. 273 274 Thorkild Thomsen s Henrik Hojmark Thomsen The collected data are subjected to a data parameter analysis. Satellite information is included in this data interpretation. The data parameter analysis is followed by model simulation the final data analysis. The two step processing of data provides more degrees of freedom for the determination of uncertain parts and a better possibility of interpreting the results. Automatic data collection Since 1977 a network of 41 stations has been established in the relevant basins making registrations every three hours. The criterion of a data registration system in Greenland is that it works under extreme climatic conditions. Wind velocities can be as high as 80 m/sec. (300 km/hour) and temperatures have been measured as low as -54 degrees Celsius. This entailes special internal reference measurements and the possibility of transmission of data through communication satellites. At present the ARGOS system is used. Satellite transmission is made in order to monitor the stations and to optimize time for manual measurements of temperature and precipitation, and the time for station inspection. The stations developed by GTO have been built to fulfil this objective and is thus an expensive but reliable system. The hydrological data system developed to-day offers a reliability of return data from Greenland of 90-95%, depending on the transducer group considered. The data registration system has been built up around a data logger of the DATEL type, meeting certain military specifications, including being operative at temperatures of -40 degrees celsius for certain circuits. The data logger has 64 channels and data cassette collection medium. The energy supply is 12 V DC, the logger being however, operative from approximately 10 to 14,5 V DC. "Battery lowflag" is however set on tape when the nominal 12 V voltage drops to 11 V. The system continues however, within specifications until the voltage drops to 10 V from the 12 V nominal voltage supply. The current required is typically 80 mA when taping, and typically 500 \i A during stand-by. The registration interval is pre-set and may be varied from continous registration to a 3 0-hour interval. At each registration time is stated to the nearest second. All registrations are stored on tape with a 3 6-bit clock in BCD code and channel values of 14 bits in binary code. The resolution on single values is, however, 12 bits at 32 channels and 8 bits at the other 32 channels. Four different station types have been developed, measuring a varying number of parameters. In our daily terminology these stations are limniloggers, climate stations, ice-windload stations, and hydro-climatic calibration stations. A few commercial water gauges are also used. At the hydro-climatic calibration stations more detailed temperature and radiation measurements are made. This is done in order to set up a general energy model for snow and ice melting and calculate water balance in a well-defined arctic precipitation drainage basin when adequate measuring series become available. This will allow work to be focused on evaporation values in an arctic precipitation basin using the water balance and radiation measurements. This can then Hydrological data collection in Greenland 275 FIG.l Hydrological investigation sites in Greenland. be extrapolated to other areas in West Greenland. The measurements will also be used to control the single parameters, precipitation gauges, wind velocities etc. Table 1 shows the various single parameters measured. Different parameters are measured at the four stationtypes. Reference readings of the internal voltage supply for the logger and transducers are measured simultanously with the climatic parameters. Comparison between automatic and manual sampled data shows good agreement (Braithwaite, 1983). There were earlier problems with the measurement of precipitation, but this was partly solved by mechanical adjustment of the Belfort precipitation gauge mechanism. With the tape and energy consumption stated, the stations 276 Thorkild Thomsen & Henrik Hojmark Thomsen Table 1: Transducer da t a Temperature in water and rock Température in air, sur race Wind Velocity


Older people with dementia often deteriorate cognitive functions, which may lead to difficulty performing daily activities. One of the best non-pharmacological treatments for dementia is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), developed in the United Kingdom. The study aims to determine the effect of the Cognitive Stimulation Therapy – Malaysian version (CST-M) on cognitive functions. The results of this randomised controlled trial indicate a significant difference in cognitive functions among participants in the experimental group. CST-M should be encouraged as a standard treatment for older people with dementia in Malaysia.
Keywords: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy; Older people; Mild dementia
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3737


Microstructural properties have been examined to investigate the effect of mineral admixtures on the sulfate resistance of concrete. Concrete and cement paste specimens made with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) or ordinary Portland cement incorporating 20% fly ash (FA) or 30% ground blast furnace slag (GBFS), were made and exposed to 250 cycles of the cyclic sulfate environment. Microstructural and Microanalytical study was conducted by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Results indicate that the pore structure of concrete after sulfate exposure possesses the fractal feature. The OPC concrete presents more complex pore internal surface, higher porosity and less micro-pores than the concrete incorporating fly ash and GBFS. Portlandite in OPC concrete and OPC-FA concrete is mainly converted to gypsum; while for OPC-GBFS concrete, both gypsum and ettringite are formed. In the cyclic sulfate environment, repeated hydration and dehydration of sulfates produce the expansive stress in pores, aggravating the demolishment of concrete structure.


The accessory protein CooC, which contains a nucleotide-binding domain (P-loop) near the N terminus, participates in the maturation of the nickel center of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH). In this study, CooC was purified from the chromatophore membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum with a 3,464-fold purification and a 0.8% recovery, and its biochemical properties were characterized. CooC is a homodimer with a molecular mass of 61–63 kDa, contains less than 0.1 atom of Ni2+ or Fe2+ per dimer, and has a λmax at 277.5 nm (ε277.5 32.1 mm −1cm−1) with no absorption peaks at the visible region. CooC catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP and GTP with K m values of 24.4 and 26.0 μm andV max values of 58.7 and 3.7 nmol/min/mg protein for ATP and GTP hydrolysis, respectively. The P-loop mutated form of K13Q CooC was generated by site-specific replacement of lysine by glutamine and was purified according to the protocol for wild-type CooC purification. The K13Q CooC was inactive both in ATP hydrolysis andin vivo nickel insertion. In vitro nickel activation of apoCODH in the cell extracts from UR2 (wild type) and UR871 (K13Q CooC) showed that activation of nickel-deficient CODH was enhanced by CooC and dependent upon ATP hydrolysis. The overall results suggest that CooC couples ATP hydrolysis with nickel insertion into apoCODH. On the basis of our results and models for analogous systems, the functional roles of CooC in nickel processing into the active site of CODH are presented.


Objectives: We investigated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination with psychological well-being and life satisfaction among a community sample of unauthorized Hispanic immigrants in the United States. We also assessed whether ethnic/racial group identity centrality moderated this relationship. Method: A community sample of self-reported unauthorized Hispanics (N = 140) completed questionnaires assessing perceived ethnic discrimination, ethnic/racial group identity centrality, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction. Results: Discrimination negatively predicted psychological well-being and life satisfaction, and ethnic/racial group identity centrality moderated these relationships. High ethnic/racial group identity centrality reduced the association of discrimination with psychological well-being and life satisfaction. Ethnic/racial identity centrality lent psychological protection for those who reported higher levels of discrimination. Conclusion: Ethnic discrimination is a salient stressor for unauthorized Hispanic immigrants. Yet high ethnic/racial group identity centrality may protect these individuals from the negative effects of discrimination by providing a sense of belonging, acceptance, and social support in the face of rejection.


Abstract:  NCX1 is modeled to contain nine transmembrane segments (TMS) with a large intracellular loop between TMS 5–6 and two reentrant loops connecting TMS 2–3 and TMS 7–8. NCX1 also contains two regions of internal repeats. The α repeats are composed of TMS 2 and 3 and TMS 7 and 8 and are involved in ion binding and transport. The β repeats are in the large intracellular loop and are involved in binding of regulatory Ca2+. Our studies on the structure/function analysis of NCX1 have focused on the α‐ and β‐repeat regions and on how the TMS pack in the membrane. We have examined the α1 repeat by mutagenesis of residues modeled to be in the reentrant loop and TMS 3 and by determination of ion affinities of the mutants. Our results show that TMS 3 and not the reentrant loop is involved in Na+ binding. No mutants demonstrated altered affinity for transported Ca2+. We have synthesized a fusion protein composed of the β1 repeat. This fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The fusion protein binds Ca2+ and shows conformational changes on binding. The crystal structure of the β1 repeat shows that it is composed of a seven‐stranded β‐sandwich with Ca2+‐binding sites located at one end of the sandwich. Four Ca2+ ions bind to the β1 repeat in a manner reminiscent of Ca2+ binding to C2 domains. Packing of TMS in the membrane has been studied by cross‐linking induced mobility shifts on SDS‐PAGE. Interactions between TMS 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 have been identified.


Penicillium spp. are capable of degrading plant wastes by producing large amounts of enzymes such as cellulases. These form a complex capable of acting on cellulosic materials and producing sugars with industrial interest (e.g., ethanol production). Cellulases are also used for (a) pulp and paper industry (b) in the textile industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cellulolytic capability of 17 strains of Penicillium isolated from soil of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and conserved under mineral oil at the URM Culture Collection. All strains were re-grown from mineral oil and re-identifiied. Each strain was grown in synthetic medium with carboxymethylcellulose as the carbon source and incubated for 5 days at 28°C. Strains were subjected to heat shock for 16h at 50°C. Thereafter, onto each colony was added 5 ml of Congo red stain solution in Tris-HCl. After 30 min this solution was removed and the cultures were washed and submerged under 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution for 5 min. Finally, an enzymatic index was calculated from the ratio of the diameter of the halo around each colony to the diameter of the colony. All of the 17 strains tested showed a halo of cellulose degradation, indicating enzyme production. The enzymatic ratios varied between 0.2 (Penicillium brevicompactum URM5994) and 3.3 (Penicillium glabrum URM6009). Thus, Penicillium glabrum URM6009 is evaluated as a high producer of cellulase. It was selected for quantitative production of this enzyme and additional studies are taking place in order to verify potential industrial application for clarification of fruit juices.


All striping equipment, no matter how simple, requires maintenance. This article provides an overview of what parts of striping equipment should be double-checked before the start of the spring construction season. Spray guns, hoses, valves/balls, filters, tips, pumps, engines, electrical systems, hydraulics and the paint system all present potential maintenance problems. These components should be checked, and then changed, lubricated or replaced as necessary. Equipment that is well-maintained before the season starts is more likely to make it through the coming months without problems.


The location problem is to find a point M whose sum of weighted distances from m vertices in p-dimensional Euclidean space is a minimum. The best-known algorithm for solving the location problem is an iterative scheme devised by Weiszfeld in 1937. The procedure will not converge if some nonoptimal vertex is an iterate, however. This paper solves the problem of vertex iterates and presents a general proof permitting a variable step length within certain bounds. This property is used, in particular, to show the convergence of a modified gradient Newton-Raphson type of procedure.


Traditionally, the shipping industry spends a considerable amount of money on pre-trip inspections (PTIs) of refrigerated reefer containers. The objective of this work is to cut these expenses and to improve the fault detection performance using online system monitoring. The presented approach is based on advanced statistical methods and creates fingerprints for each container to determine normal and faulty operation. The novelty is that a refrigeration unit simulation code has been integrated tightly with the detection algorithm using one generalized model for all container types running with either R134a or R404A as refrigerant. Measurements and simulation results are eventually combined to assess the units' performance and to trigger or to postpone maintenance and repair actions. After 5 years of operation and millions of analyzed trips, the efficiency of the reefer maintenance operations could be improved by over 40%.


Discharge of Pucciniastrum goeppertianum (Kuhn) Kleb. basidiospores from witches' brooms on lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx.) in central New Brunswick occurred at irregular intervals from mid-May to late June in 1973 and 1974, but more than 75% of the total catch occurred in a 1-week period each year. Annual timings were related to spring weather variation so that discharge peaks each year coincided with shoot elongation of the aecial host, balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). Measurable rainfall preceded all major discharge peaks; relative humidity and temperature were factors only as they affected the rate of drying of the hypertrophied twigs. Basidiospore concentration at 15, 90, and 150 cm above the ground level brooms decreased at a ratio of 7:2:1.


Calc. for 2CH30CO2H: 19-08 ml.). The sodium acetate was degraded by the Schmidt reaction to CO and methylamine, which was oxidized with per- manganate to C02 (Phares, 1951). Stepwiwe degradation of 2-methylbutanal 2:4-dinitrophenyl- hydrazone. The method followed closely that given by Strassman et al. (1956), with the conditions for the Schmidt reaction described by Phares (1951). Yields of BaCO3 (from 245 mg. of 2-methylbutanal 2:4-dinitrophenylhydrazone) were: from C-5, 179 mg.; from C-li, 172 mg.; from C-8, 190 mg.; from C-9, 164 mg.; from C-10, 120 mg.


Currently, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. Though the origins of breast cancer are not fully understood, abnormal protein regulation has shown to adversely influence cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and homeostasis. Due to the intricate nature of cell signaling networks, monotherapies aimed at affecting a single target often fail from adaptive drug resistance. To counter this effect, targeting entire signaling networks with multiple drugs are being considered. We hypothesize that treating breast cancer cells with specific kinase inhibitors in a drug cocktail will produce a synergistic effect against cell proliferation, and will reveal additional signaling mechanisms involved in aberrant cell proliferation. Our model system is represented by the SKBR3 breast cancer cell line that overexpresses EGFR/HER2 receptors, that was treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and highly selective kinase inhibitors of HER2 (Lapatinib), IGF-1R (Linsitinib), and PI3K/AKT (GDC-0068). The drug treatments included the use of Lapatinib alone, or of Lapatinib in mixture with Linsitinib and GDC-0068. The effect of drug treatments was evaluated by analyzing the drug-treated cell extracts by mass spectrometry, and interpreting the data with a combination of bioinformatics tools. Results indicate that the cell treatment with the drug cocktail upregulated proteins involved in DNA repair, gene silencing, and apoptosis, and downregulated proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion and proteolysis through major signaling pathways (MAPK, NF-KB, Wnt, TNF,etc.). The proteins that appeared to be up/downregulated only in the Drug Mixture treatment, but not in the Lapatinib treatment, were further investigated. Overall, this study revealed that a monotherapy with Lapatinib did change the signaling pattern of proliferating cells, but the Drug Mixture contributed to more pronounced cell apoptosis. Use of Kinase Inhibitors to Illuminate Signaling Pathways in Breast Cancer


The physics of quantum degenerate atomic Fermi gases in uniform as well as in harmonically trapped configurations is reviewed from a theoretical perspective. Emphasis is given to the effect of interactions that play a crucial role, bringing the gas into a superfluid phase at low temperature. In these dilute systems, interactions are characterized by a single parameter, the s-wave scattering length, whose value can be tuned using an external magnetic field near a broad Feshbach resonance. The BCS limit of ordinary Fermi superfluidity, the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of dimers, and the unitary limit of large scattering length are important regimes exhibited by interacting Fermi gases. In particular, the BEC and the unitary regimes are characterized by a high value of the superfluid critical temperature, on the order of the Fermi temperature. Different physical properties are discussed, including the density profiles and the energy of the ground-state configurations, the momentum distribution, the fraction of condensed pairs, collective oscillations and pair-breaking effects, the expansion of the gas, the main thermodynamic properties, the behavior in the presence of optical lattices, and the signatures of superfluidity, such as the existence of quantized vortices, the quenching of the moment of inertia, and the consequences ofmore » spin polarization. Various theoretical approaches are considered, ranging from the mean-field description of the BCS-BEC crossover to nonperturbative methods based on quantum Monte Carlo techniques. A major goal of the review is to compare theoretical predictions with available experimental results.« less


Abstract Simultaneous acquisition of Landsat TM imagery and sea truth data from sample sites in Himmerfjarden bay on the Swedish east coast was conducted on 10 May 1988, and 7 May 1990. The data were used to develop and verify regression models for the estimation of surface chlorophyll-a concentrations. The case 2 waters studied partly hold suspended sediment concentrations known to complicate the mapping of chlorophyll-a. The disturbing spectral influence from suspended sediment was reduced by using a process based on an existing Landsat TM sediment retrieval algorithm and a priori knowledge about water depths, bottom sediments and river outlets. The results suggest that a ratio of TM bands TMl/(log TM3+1) should be used in waters influenced by terrigenous influx and the earlier suggested ratio of TM bands 1/2 only in ocean waters. The discrimination power indicated a capability to quantify chlorophyll in connection with algae blooms.


Pauling determined an empirical logarithmic dependence of bond order (bond valence), s, to bond length, R, s = exp(R0 – R/ b), where R0 is unit bond length and b is a fitting parameter. Recently, an expression was derived for relating the b fitting parameter to theoretically derived atomic orbital exponents. With a method to calculate b, both R0 and atomic orbital exponents can be experimentally determined through optimized fitting for Cr-O, Cr-S, Mo-O, and Mo-S. In the present study, bond length – valence relationships are found for Cr-O, Cr-S, Mo-O, and Mo-S chemical bonds using published crystallographic data. In addition, atomic orbital exponents were found for chromium and molybdenum: Cr = 1.247 and Mo = 1.381. Finally, bond lengths of unit bond valence, or true single bonds, were found using the bond valence model: Ro(Cr-O) = 1.770 Å, Ro(Cr-S) = 2.159 Å, Ro(Mo-O) = 1.893 Å, and Ro(MoS) = 2.264 Å.


The equations governing the plasma in the positive column of a dc discharge are analyzed for wavelike perturbations about equilibrium. Conservation‐of‐number equations are used for ions and metastables; the Boltzmann equation is used for electrons. The tail of the distribution determines the important source terms in the number equations. The equations are solved numerically for several cases in argon to determine the properties of the waves. Growing waves that propagate from anode to cathode are found for densities below a critical value, corresponding to the Pupp limit. The group velocity is in the opposite direction.


The feature of central projection will result the pixels offset for UAV aerial photos. This problem can be solved by way of correcting relief displacement of DEM that was constructed by dense point cloud. During the image processing procedure, the creation of dense point cloud spent the most time. By cutting the image into blocks to reduce the creating time of high dense point cloud is the main issue of this paper. The coordinate difference between the whole area and the block cutting are another discussion. All in the whole area, 16 feature points were selected to be the check points. When image blocks were merging back, if the difference between two points is less than 1 pixel, the image-block cutting method will be considered workable. By cutting an image into blocks, it can be performed in parallel and distributed way. It can reduce the hardware requirement and make the difference of points matched. This is the contribution of the paper.


The influence of ion implantation of 56Fe and 63Cu on the bulk properties of the conduction electrons in aluminium has been investigated with the reflection conduction electron spin resonance (CESR) technique at 21 GHz. The doses were kept low and varied from 3*1013 to 5.4*1014 atoms cm-2. Below 25K, large line broadening and an unexpected g rise has been found in the nonannealed Fe implanted samples, which indicate the existence of surface spins. From the similarity between pure and ion implanted Al it is concluded that surface spins may be important in the so called pure Al too.


The study is focused on the extracting polysaccharide from Dendrocalamus latiflorus with assisted enzyme and cool water to maintain its biological activity. The optimized conditions for the cellulase process are listed as follows The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature stays 50°C. The mass fraction of cellulase (MFC) is 0.4% on the basis of the mass of dry leaves. The volume of water added in is 20mL on the basis of the mass of dry leaves and the pH value of buffer solution remains 4.6. Under these conditions, the ratio of polysaccharides (RP) can be 0.92% after two extractions for 180min in total and its RP is 12.05% higher than the traditional process.


Abstract : Two feeding facilities, Ft. Myer and Bolling Air Force Base were studied for the microbial quality of their products and the state of their sanitation. With the exception of a cream pie, produced and served at Bolling Air Force Base, all food samples were well within the recommended microbial constraints. Sanitation at Ft. Myer was superior to that at Bolling Air Force Base, whereas the incidence of improper cooking and serving temperatures noted were comparable. Two additional monitoring aids, a paper thermometer 'thermo- label', used to determine the adequacy of the rinse water temperature of the warewasher and a swab technique capable of being used in the field were found to be useful aids in evaluating sanitary practices.


At present,the immoderation or shortage of the Chinese university students' main body awareness has become a hot issue that the educators and society concern.The university students' main body awareness forms during the object activities,and it is the cognition and recognition that to the relationship of their own and the object world as well as their own status.The corporative activities,which conforms the university students' life experience and personality development,are the effective practical path that promote the generation and development of the main body awareness of the university students.


This is the published version of a chapter published in Natural resources and regional development theory. Post-productivism in rural areas: A contested concept. GERUM Kulturgeografisk arbetsrapport N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published chapter.


Determining impoverished students is the forerunner of solving impoverished students problem。It is imperative to optimize impoverished students determining system and establish normal、modern system, which can promote the sound development of work for impoverished students。


The issue of quality in education delivery is of great concern to stakeholders because it is a fact that no educational system can rise above the quality of itsteachers. This study was designed to examine the quality assurance strategies adopted in public colleges of education in Kwara State with a view to identifyingthe specific quality assurance techniques put in place in the institutions. The study adopted a survey research type. "College of Education Quality AssuranceQuestionnaire" (CEQAQ) was designed to collect relevant information. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability. The coefficient of reliabilitywas found to be 0.74 . Six research questions were raised to guide the study. The findings indicated that accreditation, visitation process, external examinationsystem, monitoring and evaluation and students admission policy were the major quality assurance strategies adopted in the colleges. Improved physical and human Assessing Quality Assurance Strategies resources were required to achieve the desired quality in the institutions. Based in the need to improve on the present state of quality assurance strategies adopted in the institutions, it was recommended, among others, that the institutions should adhere strictly to quality assurance strategies identified for improved performance.


Traumatic diaphragmatic herniation is a well recognized complication of direct and indirect trauma to the diaphragm. It is for such hernias lo be delayed in their presentation, Mortality increases with delay, In traumatic diaphragmatic herniation


This purpose of this research was to know about career maturity of high school students. Career maturity needs to be examined considering many students not ready to choose a career direction when later graduated high school. As for this research involve 206 students from several schools in Medan City. We used the Career Maturity Inventory form C by Crites & Savickas [8] who were adapted into Indonesian language. CMI Form C provides a total score for career choice readiness, and consist of four dimension as follows concern, curiosity, confidence, and consultation. The results showed Career maturity of high school students in Medan in middle category. The dimensions of Concern and Consultation are higher than the dimensions of Curiousity and Confidence. This indicates that high school students are still not looking for more information about their career, and also not confidence about their ability. Because of that increased awareness of careers is indispensable to increase the maturity of high school student career


The pseudo critical parameters of natural gas are the gas-related fundamental calculation data. The pseudo critical parameters of sour gas are calculated mostly by Kay rule and Wichert-Aziz correction, but the sour gas density-based method has not been published at home. This paper collected 93 sour gas samples from several gas fields at home and broad and established a new equation for calculation of the pseudo critical parameters of sour gas integrated with the experimental results. Also, the deviation factors (Z) of sour gas and conventional gas for H2S and CO2 are calculated by the new equation. Compared with the experimental results obtained by Kay rule, Wichert-Aziz correction model and Standing method, the result shows that the new equation is fit for sour gas and the accuracy is higher than Kay rule and Standing equations. However, for conventional gas with low molecular weight, the accuracy of Standing method is the highest.


SummaryThe paper records the discovery of the oldest representative of the family Characeae, Aclistochara aff. jonesi, in the Liassic freshwater Kota Formation, Gondwana Group of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, Peninsular India. The species occurs in lime- mud sediments which are considered as having been deposited in brackish-water lakes with periodic oscillations of water-level under arid conditions. From the palaeontological point of view, the closure of the apex by the ends of the calcified spiral cells is interpreted as a xerophytic structure allowing the plant to persist during intervals of dessication. The increase of the average diameter of the apical pore of germination from Porochara to Aclistochara and Lamprothamnium is demonstrated.


This academic study aims to show the impact of social media on Turkish students' attitudes toward online advertising and their behavioural response. Therefore this study will reveal the influence of consumers' attitudes toward social media advertising and its impact on their advertising clicking and furthermore buying intention. To create a statistically significant test pool, 400 university students of the Adnan Menderes university, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences in Aydin/Turkey were randomly chosen and the data was analysed with SPSS version 18. A proposed model of belief, attitude and behavioural response, in the context of social media advertising, was tested along with the PCA (Principle component analysis) to support the model. The following four factors, 'Belief about social media advertising', 'Attitude toward social media advertising, 'AdClicking' and 'OnlineBuying' were tested. The aim of this study was to reveal that a positive belief about social media advertising leads to an affirmative attitude toward social media advertising which significantly influences consumers' advertising clicking behaviour which at the same time can have a favorable impact on their buying behaviour from the internet. The results of this study should be considered important for Turkish companys' marketing strategies which aim to go online to sell their products or services to their target customers through social media channels (e.g. facebook, twitter etc.).


The results of the development of technology for the preparation of graphene films for solar photocells by the Langmuir-Blodgett method are presented. A comprehenvive study of the dependence of structural, optical, electrophysical and photovoltaic properties on the chemical composition and conditions for the preparation of films based on graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and N-doped graphene oxide is carried out. It is shown that using the technology of applying graphene nanostructures to solid substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett method leads to a decrease in the amount of platinum catalysts used for electrodes of solar devices.


Objective To compare the local control and survival rates of hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy with hyperfractionated radiotherapy alone in the treatment of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods Between December 1992 and December 1995, 150 NPC patients were randomized into hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy (R+C) and hyperfractionated radiotherapy alone (R alone) groups. Radiotherapy were similar in the two groups: 1.2 Gy/f, twice a day. Chemotherapy was given to R+C patients before and during the course of radiotherapy. Results The overall 5-year survival (OS), disease-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 57.3%, 55.9% and 55.9% . The 5-year survival rates of the R+C and R alone groups were 64.0% and 50.7%, with the difference statistically significant (P=0.037). One patient in the R+C group and 5 patients in the R alone group developed nasopharyngeal recurrence and the corresponding 5-year local control rates were 98.7% and 93.4%. The acute mucosal reaction in the R+C patients was severer than that of the R alone, but well tolerated and did not develop any severe complications. Conclusions Hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus concurrent chemotherapy can improve the local control and survival in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ nasopharyngeal carcinoma with well tolerated mucosal reactions. Chemotherapy gives greater benefit on the survival of stage Ⅳ patients.


Based on the equipment parameters of continuous casting machine No.4 of Tiansteel and the thermoplastic parameters of AH36 steel,the solidification and heat transfer model of heavy plate slab has been established.The slab temperature distribution under different cooling strength and continuous casting conditions are analyzed,and the secondary cooling parameters are optimized.The application results show that the slab cracks defects have been improved effectively.


The cross-link reaction via sulfone bridges of sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) by thermal treatment at 180 °C in presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is discussed. The modifications of properties subsequent to the cross-linking are presented. The mechanical strength as well as the hydrolytic stability increased with the thermal treatment time, i.e., with the degree of cross-linking. The proton conductivity was determined as function of temperature, IEC, degree of cross-linking and hydration number. The memory effect, which is the membrane ability to "remember" the water uptake reached at high temperature also at lower temperature, is exploited in order to achieve high values of conductivity. Membranes swelled at 110 °C can reach a conductivity of 0.14 S/cm at 80°C with a hydration number () of 73.


This paper addresses a novel technique for designing Nyquist filters which have potential application for efficient implementation of high-speed data transmission systems. The Nyquist response is chosen to be a result of the combination of a transmit pulse-shaping filter and a receive front-end filter. We realize that in high data-rate applications, implementation of the receiver front-end filter in digital form is usually costly, because of the high throughput of the system. On the other hand, the transmitter pulse-shaping filter can be efficiently implemented in a digital form using a look-up table. This point which has been noted in some previous publications is emphasized in this paper. We propose a new formulation of the problem which optimizes both the transmit and receive filters for achieving a joint minimization of noise, intersymbol interference (ISI), and adjacent channel interference (ACI), subject to a fixed transmit power. We also introduce a penalty function so that a Nyquist pulse shape with good robustness to timing jitter is achieved.


This article explores the political dimensions of the power struggle that engulfed the Dutch colony of New Netherland in the 1640s and 1650s. The existing interpretations employ Native American, social, religious, moral and personal perspectives, but leave many questions. This article argues that the composition of the groups involved in the struggle changed over its course and sets it within a Dutch political context. It highlights the political affiliations of the chief protagonists and argues that the outcome was shaped by political developments in the Dutch Republic rather than in New Netherland. By focusing on the role of the New Netherland patroons and their network, this article nuances the standard view of the incorporation of New Amsterdam as a victory for that city's mercantile elite.


Based on certain literature, theoretical considerations are developed for the area of creativity management in industrial technological innovation. The creative individual is viewed as progressing through a multistage process in which multimodal methods of management are applicable. A preliminary case scenario illustrates how a variety of mechanisms may be applied by an inventor in creating a new product. Consideration of organic and mechanistic stages in the creative process led to the hypothesis that a bimodal management model is most appropriate. The postulated model allows for flexibility in providing slack or constrained environments depending on earlier performance and on whether initiation or implementation modes are desirable for stimulating creative advances.


'That great instrument of thought, the Verb,' is a phrase which must have arrested the attention of many young teachers of Latin, and helped to prevent their methods from becoming mechanical and to keep the spirit of their instruction generous and humane. To teach Latin means an increasing appreciation of the power which it derives from its inflected verb, and of the extent to which this moulded the style of the great Latin writers: they had an innate appreciation of their native advantage, used it to its fullest capacity, and developed it in the using.


Objective: To analyze the effects of Simvastatin on transient ischemic attack.Methods: A total of 92 patients with TIA were randomly divided into two groups,group A(45 patients) were given enteric-coated aspirin tablets,group B(47 patients) were treated with simvastatin.Therapeutic effects of the both groups were observed.Results:89.36% patients of group A showed improvement,higher than the 73.33% of group B(P0.05).After treatment,TC,TG,LDL level of group B was lower than that in group A,but HDL level was higher(P both0.05).In group B,the rate of cerebral infarction,and TIA recurrence rate were 6.38% and 10.64%,respectively,both were lower 22.22% and 28.89% of group A(P0.05).Conclusion: Simvastatin shows great effects on transient ischemic attack,it can significantly decrease lipid levels to reduce cerebral infarction incidence and recurrence rate,which is good for patients' prognosis.


To the Editor:— Drs. Astrachan and Boltax have a perfectly good case in questioning a paranoia of Sherlock Holmes ( 196 :1094, 1966), but they hardly make a good case for a manic-depressive disorder. Who ever heard a depressive patient, in the depths of his depression, say, "My mind rebels in stagnation" and demand problems and work? Instead, Mr. Sherlock Holmes is suffering from a mood common in normal human beings, namely, occasional inertia. Most creative people admit that they are not equally productive at all times. There are few Schuberts who simply spill beauty and create masterpieces constantly. Stimulation, the challenge, is necessary to act as a starter, which will keep the motor turning until it catches the spark and takes over. Another aspect of Holmes, which is intensely human, is his exhaustion after superhuman effort. As mentioned in A Study in Scarlet , and again in The Reigate Puzzle , "a


The experiment was conducted on Kinnow mandarins using epicotyl segments obtained from in-vitro grown seedlings. Among the different levels of BAP evaluated, maximum mean shoot proliferation, shoot number, shoot length and leaf number were observed in BAP (1 mg/litre). This shows the optimum level of BAP for morphogenic response in Kinnow mandarins. The root development was better in concentrations of 0.5–1.0 mg/litre IBA + 0.5 mg/litre NAA. The complete plantlets were obtained with a survival rate of 68.8%. This is the first report on in-vitro plant regeneration of Kinnow mandarins via direct organogenesis obtained through epicotyl segments from in-vitro grown seedlings.


Many Scandinavian stuttering therapists are overwhelmed by the massive influx of North American stuttering treatment methods into Scandinavia during the last five years. In order to get a more balanced exchange of ideas, 18 Scandinavian speech therapists participated in a conference with the aim of discerning a common Scandinavian approach to stuttering therapy that could be used as a basis for entering into a dialogue with the international Anglophone society of stuttering therapists. To a certain degree a common Scandinavian approach to stuttering therapy exists. Goals and strengths and weaknesses of stuttering therapy in Scandinavia were discussed and outlined. Further, strategies to enter into a dialogue with the international i.e. Anglophone society of stuttering therapists are discussed.


Abstract Differentiation has gained increasing attention in contemporary pedagogy as an approach to cater for student diversity. However, particularly novice and pre-service teachers seem to struggle with applying it in practice. The aim of this study was to increase pre-service English teachers' understanding of differentiation in Finland. Differentiation was approached through the 5-Dimensional (5 D) model of differentiation created by the author (e.g., Roiha & Polso, 2021b). The data of the study are 14 students' learning journals written at the end of the course in which they reflected on the course content. The data were analyzed following thematic analysis. The findings showed that some students had formed a fairly progressive and wide understanding of differentiation whereas others still perceived it in a more restricted way. While almost all students regarded differentiation as highly important, many voiced several challenges for its effective implementation. Overall, the findings of this study imply that although the 5 D model had provided the students with a basic understanding of differentiation, many students still viewed differentiation predominantly through teaching methods. Therefore, it would be important in the future to emphasize other dimensions of the model, such as assessment or learning environment, to expand students' perceptions of differentiation even more.


The current research status and the problems had been summarized about the Exoskeleton Intelligence Systems in worldwide. Human lower limbs movement data had been collected by using the VICON 460 infrared motion capture system, NOVEL pedar insole plantar pressure measure system and CASIO high speed camera. After the data had been researched, the key characteristics parameters were obtained for the human motion recognition. The results indicated that the optimal knee joint ankle was at 157°, as the assisted power was added. Foot arch GHI peak force was at 80N when hopping upward occurred, but foot arch GHI peak force was less when hopping forward occurred. The Lower Limb Exoskeleton Intelligence System model(LLEIS) had been accomplished under UG NX6.0 and exported into ADAMS R3 for the kinematics and dynamics simulation. The agreement of the final computation results with the experimental data indicates this system could be used to assist human hopping intelligently and enhance the effect of the hopping in the field of the human performance augmentation.


To investigate the gallbladder motility in Asymptomatic gallstone patients and the effect of Aspirin on it, We used B ultrasonography to observe the change of gallbladder volume in 43 patients with asymptomatic gallstone and 20 healthy controls before and after 7 days administration of aspirin (300mg daily). The results showed that (1) fasting and residual gallbladder volume were significantly higher and gallbladder ejection rate was significantly lower in patients than those in healthy controls, gallbladder empty was impaired both in fast and slow empty stage in patients compared with healthy controls. (2) changes were not observed after short term usage of aspirin both in patients and healthy controls. So, impaired gallbladder empty may be one of the pathogenesis in the formation of stones in asymptomatic gallstone patients, short term usage of aspirin had no help in improving the motor function both in patients and healthy controls.


The liver gets 25-35% of nutritional source from the hepatic artery. During routine dissection of a 70 year old male embalmed cadaver we found an anomalous branching pattern of CHA. It was found that the common hepatic artery trifurcating extra hepatically into GDA, RHA, LHA. Hepatic artery proper was found missing. In addition an accessory branch arising from the CHA to the SMA were identified and never been reported in the literature. CHA gave early branches into LHA and RHA, especially before entering into the porta hepatis. It was unusual from the classical text books, of which the RHA courses ventral to portal vein traversing to the right lobe and gives rise to two cystic arteries along with the branches to the right lobe and to the quadrate lobe of the liver. LHA courses superficial and medial to portal vein with its two segmental branches .The union of right and left hepatic ducts were not found extra hepatically. The knowledge of the multiple variant hepatic arterial patterns is essential for the surgeons and to the radiologists for the definitive surgical planning while encountering the procedures in and around the porta hepatis to avoid the injury to hepato biliary structures. Hence it was inconsistent as well as atypical the case has been reported.


One of the major bottlenecks to the development of alternatives to existing Li ion battery technology, such as Li metal or multivalent ion (Mg, Ca, Zn, or Al) batteries, has to do with the layer of inorganic and organic compounds that forms at the interface between the metallic anode and electrolyte via solvent and salt decomposition (the solid–electrolyte interphase or SEI). In Li metal batteries the growth of dendrites causes continual formation of new SEI, while in multivalent ion batteries the SEI does not allow for the diffusion of the ions. Finding appropriate electrolytes for such systems and gaining an understanding of SEI formation is therefore critical to the development of secondary Li metal and multivalent ion cells. In this work, we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the initial stages of decomposition of organic electrolytes based on ethylene carbonate (EC) and formation of the SEI on Li, Ca, and Al metal surfaces. We first find that pure EC only decomposes to CO and...


Two sediment cores from the Zaire Fan and the Angola Margin have been investigated for their composition of terrigenous and biogenic constituents, respectively. For the late Quaternary, kaolinite/feldspar ratios and variations of terrigenous element ratios of Zr, Ti, K, Rb, and Al reveal that the composition of Zaire River sediment load has fluctuated in tune with precessional variations of boreal summer insolation. In particular, the correspondence of high kaolinite/feldspar and Al/K ratios with low-latitude insolation maxima strongly corroborates the assumption that west African monsoonal precipitation and chemical weathering was enhanced during periods of increased central African heating. The most striking feauture observed is that opal accumulation has been 2 to 10 times higher in Zaire Fan sediments than outside in continental margin sediments off Angola, although biogenic Ba and Corg fluctuations from both areas indicate that changes of total paleoproductivity were of the same magnitude in the Zaire River plume and off Angola. From this we infer that the contribution of biogenic opal production to total paleoproductivity has been significantly higher within the Zaire River plume than in the oceanic upwelling regime farther to the south off Angola over the last 200,000 years. The pattern of opal accumulation rates with respect to that of marine organic carbon implies that enhanced opal production off the Zaire River to a great extent was the result of additional fluvial supply of dissolved silica during humid climates characterized by more intense chemical weathering on the continent, while total paleoproductivity created by oceanic upwelling was high in periods of increased zonal trade wind intensity at precessional insolation minima and during cold, more arid glacial climate conditions. We presume that paleoproductivity off the Zaire was controlled by the following two sources of nutrients: (1) marine nutrients including nitrate and phosphate as well as the uptake of Ba on particulate Corg caused by upwelling, and (2) silica, mainly delivered by the Zaire River dissolved silicate. Hence our results underline the importance of dissolved silicate in large rivers for marine silicate cycling in the tropical to subtropical Atlantic at a millenial timescale.


The authors have treated four patients presenting in the same limb a pseudarthrosis of the neck of the femur and an ununited fracture of the femoral shaft. All the cases were treated by fixation of the diaphyseal lesion and valgus osteotomy of the femoral neck. To achieve this, the authors recommend the use of a two-piece nail plate sufficiently long to bridge the lower fracture site. In all the cases, union occurred without necrosis of the femoral head.


The light scattered out of multimode optical waveguides formed by ion exchange from molten salts of silver nitrate was measured in order to clarify the mechanism producing scattering loss. The angular distributions of the scattered light can be explained by the loss originating not only from surface roughness but also from silver ion concentration diffused in the glass. For a relatively thick waveguide of diffusion depth greater than 4.5 μm which was obtained by diffusion time longer than 7 h at 300 °C, it was found that the effect of bulk inhomogeneities is predominant in the air radiation. The correlation length in the direction of beam propogation was estimated to be the order of a wavelength of light.


Objective:To analyse the data of coexistant rodents investigated in the last decade of the twentieth century, and to know the community structure of the rodents in Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China. Methods:Night trapping method. Results:The community of the rodents in Suzhou was composed of 4 populations, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, R.flavipectus and Suncus murinus. The densities of the rodents were higher in the special place and the important trade, reaching 2.34% and 1.41% respectively. Conclusion:The community structure of coexistant rodents in the urban is similar to that in the suburb. The community structures are dissimilar in the different habitats, and the differences of the density indices are very significant.


the donor-driven Finally, as a joint effort of PROFOGONES and Netherlands Development Organization (SNV), the project filled a coordination gap between manufacturers, implementers, donors, and government organizations by creating the National Coordination Platform. It has facilitated effective clean cookstove delivery in different market segments and between different projects and programs and has coordinated promotion efforts and the exchange of technical and social information. The principal factors that contributed to these successful management responses were the self-critical attitude of the PROFOGONES team, as well as its capacity to identify and collaborate with complementary strategic partners. The project has been able to achieve the following results: establish


Receptor molecules, 8-[3,5-bis(2,6-dihydroxy-3,5-diphenylphenyl)phenyl]-2-methylquinoline (1), 8-[3,5-bis(2-hydroxy-3-phenylphenyl)phenyl]-2-methylquinoline (2) and 5-dimethylamino derivative (3) , were synthesized, and their properties in salt formation with oxo acids such as p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) and methyl phenylphosphonate (MPP) were studied by using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. In CDCl 3 solution the salt formation of the receptors with TsOH or MPP is enhanced by hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups and the counteranion. The salt-formation enhancement of (1) over (2) suggests the presence of multiple interactions. The X-ray structure of 1-MPP-(acetone) 2 confirms that three hydrogen-bonding interactions stabilize the salt. In the salt formation of 5-(dimethylamino)quinoline derivative (3), the hydroxyl groups also affect the relative basicity of the basic nitrogens in (3). The results described here emphasize that acid-base equilibria in apolar solvents are significantly affected by intra-ion-pair hydrogen bonding (i.e, hydrogen bonding within a contact ion pair)


Is it expedient or possible to modify the content of the national accounting aggregates like GDP so that they reflect also the effect of environmental changes like pollution and noise–this is the question the author tries to answer. He points to some analogies with other national accounting problems, where the basic question is also how far should we go in modifying our measuring scale, the market price, in order to get closer to the measurement of some kind of economic welfare. Reviewing the various possibilities for modifications of the national accounting concepts, the author does not propose any substantial changes. The harm done to the environment as such cannot be measured in monetary terms. The cost of prevention is not a good approximation of the harm done to the environment, since the correlation between these two variables is not strong enough. Nor is the cost of restoration a good measure of the disfunction. Some damages, like noise, lung cancer caused by air pollution, cannot be restored. If–as proposed by some authors–the compensation for the disfunction (e.g. a swimming pool built to compensate for the water pollution) were deducted from GDP, this would not provide a good solution either, since the trouble is the disfunction itself and not the remedying action. (If no swimming pool is built, there is nothing to be deducted?) On the whole, there is no sufficiently sound basis for evaluating the monetary value of environmental damages. The author attaches great importance to getting more information on environmental phenomena. However, he prefers to supplement the national accounting information by a series of physical, chemical, biological, etc., indicators, instead of changing the national accounting concepts themselves.


Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is the most common inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. It is characterized by painful round ulcers with pseudomembranous center and erythematous borders [1,2]. The prevalence of the disease is 0.5% to 75% all over the world. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is more common in women than in men. The ulcers usually begin during the second decade of life [1]. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is classified into three clinical types; minor, major, and herpetiform ulcers [2]. Most of the patients (>85%) with recurrent aphthous stomatitis present with minor ulcers that have a diameter less than 1 cm [2]. Major ulcers (Sutton's disease) have a diameter greater than 1 cm and they can persist for weeks [2,3]. Herpetiform type presents as multiple, small ulcers with 1-2 mm in size, that may heal with scarring [1].


The Wainama West area belongs to the Cameroon volcanic Line (CVL). Three petrographic types of lavas are identified: basanites, trachytes and rhyolites. Basanites with porphyritic texture are made up of minerals: plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine phenocrysts and opaque minerals within a groundmass; trachytes with microlitic-porphyritic texture are composed of phenocrysts of sanidine, hornblende, plagioclases, pyroxene and opaque minerals enclosed in a fine groundmass showing a preferred orientation. Rhyolite shows a microlitic-porphyritic texture made up of quartz, sanidine and opaque minerals in the groundmass. According to their geochemical behaviour, major elements show an enrichment in SiO 2 (42.7–70.7 wt.%), Al 2 O 3 (13.7–16.6 wt.%), Na 2 O (2.3–6.3 wt.%), K 2 O (1.3–4.9 wt.%) and an impoverishment in MgO (8.3–0.02 wt.%) and CaO (10.0–0.5 wt.%) from basanite to rhyolite. Some binary diagrams indicate a good correlation with some minor elements (Cr, Ba, Zr, Sr, Rb, and Nb) against SiO 2 . REE patterns of the rocks are characterized by a negative anomaly in Eu (0.3 Eu/Eu* 0.4) in basanite and weak negative anomaly in Eu (0.1 Eu/Eu* 0.2) from trachytes to rhyolites, with parallel profiles. The Wainama West lavas are found to have originated from a single primary melt similar to that of OIB and the continental basalt but with slightly higher Nb/Ta content. From the Dy/Yb vs La/Yb diagrams, the major processes resulting to the generation of this primary melt is the partial melting of garnet peridotite, of the high degree (11-12%). The Wainama West alkali lavas were formed in intraplate setting of continental part of the CVL.


When a hadron is probed at high energy, a non-trivial quantum entanglement entropy inside the hadron emerges due to the lack of complete information about the hadron wave function extracted from this measurement. In the high energy limit, the hadron becomes a maximally entangled state, with a linear dependence of entanglement entropy on rapidity, as has been found in a recent analysis based on parton description. In this Letter, we use an effective conformal field theoretic description of hadrons on the lightcone to show that the linear dependence of the entanglement entropy on rapidity found in parton description is a general consequence of approximate conformal invariance and does not depend on the assumption of weak coupling. Our result also provides further evidence for a duality between the parton and string descriptions of hadrons.


The attention towards seismic mitigation using passive control systems has increased significantly over the last few decades to reduce earthquake demands and achieve the required performance objectives. Nowadays, friction pendulum bearings have proven efficient in mitigating regular RC structures subjected to a wide range of earthquakes. Nonetheless, limited studies were dedicated to investigating the performance and efficiency of this type of isolation system utilized in RC structures with various types of vertical irregularities. Besides, comprehensive parametric assessments that investigate the behavior of structures supported on friction pendulum bearings subjected to pulse-like and non-pulse-like earthquakes are scarce. Thus, this study aims to assess the behavior of RC frames equipped with friction pendulum isolators under different types of earthquakes. In the context of the paper, three types of vertical irregularities, known as soft-story, heavy-story, and stepped structures, will be modeled and investigated. Moreover, the outcomes of these buildings will be benchmarked to a regular model to illustrate the efficiency of the selected isolation systems. Furthermore, the performance of the base-isolated buildings with friction pendulum isolators subjected to pulse-like and non-pulse-like earthquakes will be reported. In general, the study results have shown that pulse-like earthquakes exhibited higher values than non-pulse-like earthquakes for the different responses of the structures at the periods of 2.5 and 3 and the damping ratios of 15%, 20%, and 25%. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-05 Full Text: PDF


Objectives. We aimed to assess the presence of liver fibrosis using transient elastography in a group of PsA patients, compared to controls, and its possible relationship with MTX treatment. Methods. We performed a prospective study on 41 patients diagnosed with PsA admitted to the Rheumatology Department of the Emergency County Hospital Craiova and a control group, of 20 sex and age-matched subjects. Patients data included demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters and were collected from every patient in accordance to the study protocol. Liver stiffness was evaluated using transient elastograhy, by an experienced investigator, using Fibroscan system (Echosens, Paris, France). Results. After assessing liver fibrosis (LF) by transient elastography, we obtained statistically significant values compared to controls (6.04+1.65 kPa vs 4.16 +0.93 kPa, p = 0.002); liver fibrosis was found in 11 patients (26.81%), 9 of them undergoing MTX treatment. Analyzing the impact of MTX treatment, we found statistically significant values between the two groups (6.04+1.65 kPa for MTX treated group vs 5.35+1.30kPa, p = 0.03 for non-MTX patients). Analyzing the differences between patients with/without liver fibrosis, we reckoned the following data: no differences for sex, age, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes or hepatic function; significant differences were observed for BMI, dyslipidemia and fatty liver. Conclusions. Hepatic involvement, especially liver fibrosis might be underestimated in PsA patients, and it is necessary to be properly and periodically evaluated in order to prevent further complications and maintain the efficient and safe dose of MTX, the first line therapeutic agent chosen for these patients. Non invasive hepatic imaging methods, such as transient elastography should certainly be considered for screening, along with a proper monitoring of comorbidities.


From the Publisher:
The exploding Internet marketplace beckons programmers to jump into this fast lane of programming. Up to now, the publishing world has more or less ignored the OS/2 programmer who wants to develop applications for TCP/IP. Steven Gutz fills the void by providing detailed techniques for creating effective TCP/IP applications using the C or C++ language. He develops complete OS/2 TCP/IP applications for ping, news, gopher, and FTP (complete source code is provided in the companion disk). This is not a "TCP/IP for Dummies" book. You should be an intermediate to advanced programmer, preferably with some OS/2 experience, who is comfortable with C++ and the concepts of object oriented programming.


The article discusses deeply about the application of symmetry in the computation of surface integral,at the same time is provides many concrete applied methods.


Certain structural aspects of two-dimensional Penrose tilings are studied using de Bruijn's pentagrid picture. The authors discuss the statistics of hexagons, decagons and 'worms' (sequences of adjacent hexagons bounded by two decagons). They show that within the discrete framework considered here, phason modes and structural transformation modes are located along particular 'worms' and they derive the spatial distribution of the latter.


ABSTRACT The study was performed in the Czech Republic during 2007 to 2009. Of Escherichia coli isolates from 275 children aged 6 weeks, 36% (n = 177) were resistant to 1 to 7 antibiotics. Of isolates from 253 children aged 6 to 17 years, 24% (n = 205) were resistant to 1 to 5 antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the prevalences of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates between these groups of children, even though the consumptions of antibiotics were quite different.


In order to establish an optimum SRAP-PCR system,the influence of the major elements of SRAP reaction system in flax was studied.The SRAP analysis of DIANA(a flax variety used for fiber) and NINGYA NO.17(a flax variety used for oil) was carried out with 88 pairs of random primers according to the optimized PCR reacting system.19 primers which could produce polymorphism bands were seleceted.The two varieties can be used as foundmental materials to construct flax genetic linkage map by the use of the two primers.


This research evaluated the psychometric properties of Friedman's (1999) Teacher Work-Autonomy Scale (TWA) to determine whether it was an acceptable instrument to measure U.S. teacher autonomy in the present educational context. A second purpose was to ascertain the current status of teachers' perceptions of their autonomy from a sample of U.S. teachers. Four hundred seventy-seven teachers from three public schools in Michigan participated in this study for a response rate of 30%. Factor analysis confirmed the multifaceted nature of teacher autonomy; however, somewhat different factor structures were found for the elementary and secondary teachers in this study, in comparison to that of Friedman. The TWA, without major modifications, appeared to be a valid and reliable instrument for use with a U.S. secondary sample but with limitation with an elementary sample. Elementary and secondary teachers perceived autonomy in the different factors in identical order, but with significant differences between their scores. Differences in school structure and conceptions of autonomy may have contributed to grade-level discrepancies. The findings suggest that administrators may be able to enhance teacher autonomy by releasing some of their power to include teachers in school leadership, specifically in the two areas teachers perceived with lowest autonomy: school finances and professional development.


The paper by Hassell, Lawton & May (1976) on the characterization of natural population dynamics by fitting field and laboratory data to a discrete model is reviewed. In particular, we study the effects of spatial degrees of freedom on the qualitative behaviour of such single population maps. Using the spatially extended counterpart of these discrete systems by means of the Coupled Map Lattice formalism, we show that space is able to induce dynamical bifurcations. As the spatial domain is increased, the stability boundaries in the parameter space are modified, driving the population through different kinds of dynamics. The same result is reached by increasing the diffusion rate for a given lattice size. Our results suggest that the dynamical behaviour shown by a population depends not only on intrinsic factors, but also on external or environmental ones


As per projections half a billion people would suffer maturity onset diabetes by 2030, world over, with concentration in middle income nations [1]. Diabetes and its complication involve complex etiology including increased susceptibility to infections. Diabetic foot ulcer is common major complication [2]. Around 15% of patients with type 2 diabetes have foot problem increasing instances of hospitalization. [3]. Neuropathy, peripheral vascular insufficiency, repeated trauma is traditionally believed to contribute to the complications. Besides the neurovascular alterations, age, gender, body mass index, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin profiles etc are found influential in various studies [4]. Evidence on predictive value of simple indicators for risk of diabetic foot is crucially required in addressing the problem. Clinical history, examination, diagnostic investigation data must undergo continuous evaluation with such intent [5]. Infection management in diabetic foot is challenging task wherein microbial diagnosis is critical. Infective organisms and their sensitivity patterns are studied regularly with changing time, demography and region. The present study has analyzed the reports of the cases of diabetic foot infections from middle and upper middle income group of North Indian patient treated at a tertiary care hospital.


Presented by Guided By Prof. (Dr.) Swapan Kumar Chakraborty DR. N.N. Barman, M.D. Head, Dept. of Roga Nidan Senior Consultant Physician Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital Formerly principal & Head of the Guwahati – 14 Deptt. of Medicine Guwahati Medical College Dean of Faculty of Medicine (GU.) Key note : Diabetic foot ulcer and Ayurvedic management. Aim : To evaluate hypoglycaemic effect of Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia) and it's healing efficacy in Diabetic foot ulcer along with Guduchyadi kwath for regular dressing. Objective : To understand genesis of Diabetic foot ulcer with special reference to ancient Ayurvedic concept and to carryout study on herbal drugs in it's management. To provide a cost effective treatment aiming to save the affected foot as amputation doesnot appear to be practical solution.


In this article the influence of mechanical activation on sintering process of magnesium-titanate and barium-zinc-titanate ceramics has been investigated. Both nonactivated and mixtures treated in planetary ball mill for 80 minutes were sintered at 1100 o C and 1300 o C. The influence of mechanical activation on phase composition and crystal structure has been analyzed by XRD, while the effect of activation and sintering process on microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that temperature of 1100 o C was to low to induce final sintering stage for both systems. Moreover,


: Population Census in India is conducted once in every ten years under the census Act 1948 and Census rules 1990. The last decennial census was conducted in the year 2011. The three broad categories of Houselisting & Housing Census are Housing condition, Amenities and Assets. Here, an attempt has been made to use four different approach using Probability theory for finding Ranks based on these House listing and Housing Census Data for rural areas. Although, there may be different Index developed to find such ranking, ranks obtained here using these different approaches are then compared and statistically tested. Statistical techniques like Probability, Weighted Geometric mean and Weighted Arithmetic mean, Correlation coefficient,and other Descriptive Statistical theories have been applied on this.


ZAM is an LTR-retrotransposon from Drosophila melanogaster that belongs to the genus errantivirus, viruses similar in structure and replication cycle to vertebrate retroviruses. A key component to its lifecycle is its reverse transcriptase which copies single-stranded genomic RNA into DNA. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of the enzymatic activities of the reverse transcriptase encoded by ZAM. When expressed in vitro, the reverse transcriptase domain associated with the RNase H domain encoded by the ZAM pol gene forms homodimers and displays an efficient RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity. It requires either Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ divalent cations, and works in basic pH, with a peak at around pH9. The so-called [RT-RH] polypeptide displays an optimal activity at 22 1C, a property that makes it well-adapted to the temperature of its host. This study contributes to our understanding of the general structures and functions of retroviral reverse transcriptases, a necessary process in the search for novel inhibitors.


The present invention relates to a method of forming a steady state non-equilibrium distribution of the free carriers with a focus on a classic ever bound phenomenon and specialty media therefor. Special medium is formed from a silicon-based (e.g., crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, such as silicon dioxide), oriented with a wide band gap material such as silicon dioxide buried enemy sized particles. The image processing system is implemented with visible light therefrom from IR.


The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) is mandated by the National Organ Transplant Act, the Final Rule, and the SRTR contract with the Health Resources and Services Administration to report program‐specific information on the performance of transplant programs. Following a consensus conference in 2012, SRTR developed a new version of the public website to improve public reporting of often complex metrics, including changing from a 3‐tier to a 5‐tier summary metric for first‐year posttransplant survival. After its release in December 2016, the new presentation was moved to a "beta" website to allow collection of additional feedback. SRTR made further improvements and released a new beta website in May 2018. In response to feedback, SRTR added 5‐tier summaries for standardized waitlist mortality and deceased donor transplant rate ratios, along with an indicator of which metric most affects survival after listing. Presentation of results was made more understandable with input from patients and families from surveys and focus groups. Room for improvement remains, including continuing to make the data more useful to patients, deciding what additional data elements should be collected to improve risk adjustment, and developing new metrics that better reflect outcomes most relevant to patients.


The spatial distribution of the landscape types for Maoershan region was found by the analysis of landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index with ARC/INFO. The results showed that there were great difference of landscape connectivity between woodland and non-woodland; the nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest; and the landscape pattern of natural forest were nearly the random distribution.


An uncertainty estimation and sensitivity analysis is performed on multi-step de-embedding for SiGe HBT small-signal modeling. The uncertainty estimation in combination with uncertainty model for deviation in measured S-parameters, quantifies the possible error value in de-embedded two-port parameters (Y and Z - parameters). The analysis is applied to a 0.35 /spl mu/m 60 GHz f/sub T/ SiGe HBT in frequency range 45 MHz to 26 GHz.


Consider a sequence of markets for goods and securities at successive dates, each market is a hybrid of plan and market, no one of which is complete in Arrow\|Debreu sense. Pseudo\|equilibrium and equilibrium of such an economic model are introduced and the existence of which is demonstrated.


My two reviewers choose to focus on the central section of my book and to pass over its wider argument, which is an attempt to rehabilitate the canonical form of the fourfold gospel as an object of study in its own right. Both reviewers are understandably preoccupied with my critique of the Q hypothesis and with the 'L/M' and 'SC' hypotheses with which I propose to replace it, and much of my response is therefore concerned with these issues. I also engage with Bauckham's attempt to distance non-canonical gospel texts from the canonical ones, and with Omerzu's proposed 'complexity theory' of gospel origins.


Significance Many chemical and biomedical techniques rely on slow diffusive transport because existing pressure-based methods or electrokinetic methods can incidentally damage the sample. This study introduces a novel transport concept termed stochastic electrotransport that can selectively and nondestructively expedite transport of electromobile molecules into a porous sample, such as fixed biological tissues. We use the method to rapidly transport several classes of molecules into whole mouse brains and other organs and achieve rapid clearing and staining of the entire tissue in record time without damaging the sample. Our new method may facilitate the application of various molecular techniques to large and dense tissues. Nondestructive chemical processing of porous samples such as fixed biological tissues typically relies on molecular diffusion. Diffusion into a porous structure is a slow process that significantly delays completion of chemical processing. Here, we present a novel electrokinetic method termed stochastic electrotransport for rapid nondestructive processing of porous samples. This method uses a rotational electric field to selectively disperse highly electromobile molecules throughout a porous sample without displacing the low-electromobility molecules that constitute the sample. Using computational models, we show that stochastic electrotransport can rapidly disperse electromobile molecules in a porous medium. We apply this method to completely clear mouse organs within 1–3 days and to stain them with nuclear dyes, proteins, and antibodies within 1 day. Our results demonstrate the potential of stochastic electrotransport to process large and dense tissue samples that were previously infeasible in time when relying on diffusion.


5G for Future Wireless NetworksRadio Propagation and Adaptive Antennas for Wireless Communication NetworksHybrid Massive MIMO Precoding in Cloud-RANAdvances in Wireless NetworksMIMO Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications Fundamental & Advanced ConceptsEncyclopedia of Wireless NetworksFoundations of MIMO CommunicationUltra-Dense Networks for 5G and BeyondTelecommunications Essentials, Second EditionRadio Propagation and Adaptive Antennas for Wireless Communication NetworksWireless CommunicationsIntroduction to MIMO CommunicationsSignal Processing for 5G: Algorithms and ImplementationsMIMO Antennas for Wireless Communication5G System DesignSpectrum SharingMassive MIMO NetworksFundamentals of Wireless CommunicationWireless Positioning Technologies and Applications, Second EditionCognitive Wireless NetworksNETWORKING 2007. Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks, Next Generation InternetFundamentals of Massive MIMOFoundations of User-Centric CellFree Massive MIMOmmWave Massive MIMOWireless Network Performance Enhancement via Directional Antennas: Models, Protocols, and SystemsMIMO Wireless NetworksWireless Information NetworksNetwork Information TheoryCWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Study GuideRandom Wireless NetworksMIMO Wireless CommunicationsWireless CommunicationsLTE-Advanced and Next Generation Wireless Networks802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive GuideMIMO Communication for Cellular NetworksAdaptive Wireless CommunicationsAd-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless NetworksMIMO-OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLABBaseband Receiver Design for Wireless MIMO-OFDM Communications


Objective The aim of this study was to compare between anesthesia with intrathecal bupivacaine only, intrathecal bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine, and caudal bupivacaine in children between 1 and 5 years of age. Background Regional anesthesia is mainly used to provide analgesia after surgery. Dexmedetomidine has been used to increase the duration of postoperative analgesia. Our study aimed to compare between intrathecal bupivacaine only, intrathecal bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine, and caudal bupivacaine in children between 1 and 5 years of age. Patients and methods Sixty-three patients were included in a clinical trial from April 2015 to September 2016 and were divided into three groups of 21 each: patients in group I were given intrathecal bupivacaine only at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg bupivacaine 0.5%; patients in group II were given intrathecal bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg bupivacaine 0.5% with 0.25 μg dexmedetomidine for every 1 mg bupivacaine; and patients in group III were given caudal bupivacaine 0.5% at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Our primary outcome measures were duration of analgesia (time from the block to first dose of analgesia or observed pain score ≥12) and frequency of analgesic consumption, whereas the secondary outcome measures were onset of block (time from performing block until recording sensory loss using the pin prick method and motor loss, which was recorded using the modified Bromage scale), level of block, effects on hemodynamics, and occurrence of complications. Results Group III had a significantly longer duration of analgesia compared with the other groups and it was longer in group II than in group I (P = 0.000). Frequency of analgesic need was significantly lower in group II compared with the other groups and in group III than in group I (I vs. II and I vs. III, P = 0.000; and II vs. III, P = 0.003). Conclusion Caudal anesthesia has a longer duration of analgesia compared with spinal anesthesia. Adding dexmedetomidine to intrathecal bupivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia and decreases the total analgesic consumption.


Abstract Jurassic eggshells are reported here for the first time. They are from three localities in the Morrison Formation of Colorado; 1) Callison Quarry of the Fruita Paleontological Area in western Colorado; 2) Garden Park near Canon City, in south central Colorado; and 3) Young Locality in Delta County, in west central Colorado. Both avian-like and chelonian-like eggshell structure can be distinguished from the Fruita Paleontological Area. Abundant shell fragments of avian-like structure have been found at the Young Locality. The single eggshell fragment from the Garden Park area is also of avian-like structure. We cannot, at this time, determine whether these eggshells are dinosaurian, or whether they are actually chelonian or avian.


This article describes a new humidity sensor using the technique of differential thermal analysis (DTA). The energy of water vaporisation is estimated via the measurement of the Seebeck voltage of miniature thermocouples used in differential mode on a Peltier module causing condensation from the ambient air. This sensor uses the sensitivity of alloys V2VI3 containing [Bi, Te, Sb, Se], 400‐440μV.K–1. Experimental measurements have been performed in a climatic chamber at constant temperature. The time variation of the differential Seebeck voltage with relative humidities HR varying from 10 to 90 per cent makes it possible to identify with precision the point of water evaporation. For each value of the relative humidity, it is directly a function of the condensate mass. The integration of these curves over time makes it possible to calculate the energy of vaporisation and the condensate mass.


Chronology of events Introduction 1. Society and social conflict during the 1840s 2. The pre-revolutionary political universe 3. The outbreak of revolution 4. Varieties of revolutionary experience 5. Polarisation and confrontation 6. The mid-century revolutions in European history Bibliography Short biographies.


It is a fascinating problem that there wasn't a magnificent sports meet like Greece Ancient Olympic Games in China even though China has a long and splendid sports history.Based on the fact that the military activity is an important origin of ancient sport,the authors try to analyze the characters of ancient wars in Chinese and Western to search for the cause of Chinese ancient sports and its development.The research finds that ethics,strategy and ordnance are much more important factors than the individual valiant in Chinese ancient war and it's impossible for the whole Chinese ancient society to adore the individual valiant,and it's the key reason for the fascinating problem.


The effects of flooding depth on gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence and growth of Melaleuca alternifolia seedlings were studied.Seedlings were subjected to two hydrological treatments:shallow flooding and deep flooding with water level at 5cm and 20cm above the soil surface,respectively.Results indicated that the effect of flooding on Melaleuca alternifolia was elevated with the increase in the flooding depth.After 270 days of flooding,the height and biomass of the shallow-flooded and deep-flooded seedlings were significantly lower,accounting for 90.86%,64.58% and 74.52%,36.46% of the control,respectively.Chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the shallow-flooded seedlings were all slightly lower,accounting for 95.39%,94.26%,90.02% and 88.94% of the control,respectively.However,these parameters in the deep-flooded seedlings were all significantly lower within 180 days of flooding,accounting for 79.44%、73.54%、61.79% and 71.46% of the control,respectively,and then approached gradually to those of the control.There were no differences in the maximum quantum efficiency of the photosystemⅡ(Fv/Fm)between the shallow-flooded and control seedlings.Fv/Fm of the deep-flooded seedlings was slightly lower within 150 days of flooding,and then recovered to the levels of the control.A slight reduction of photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)and an increase of non-photochemical quenching(NPQ)in the shallow-flooded seedlings were observed,accounting for 96.63% and 105.66% of the control,respectively.However,a pronounced decrease of qP and an increase of NPQ in the deep-flooded seedlings were found within 120 days of flooding,accounting for 94.51% and 126.66% of the control,respectively,and then approached gradually to those of the control.Moreover,M.alternifolia developed aerenchyma and adventitious roots during inundation,with root porosity in the flooded seedlings much higher than that of the control.


Mission in Asia is said to be in crisis. Some wonder why there are so few Christians in Asia, in spite of the presence of Christianity there since apostolic times. Others see the new millennium as a moment of promise when Asia will become Christian. Some feel that Christianity has failed in Asia because it has not made any serious efforts to dialogue with the developed cultures and religions of Asia. Others think that any efforts to promote interreligious dialogue undercuts the drive for proclaiming Jesus Christ as the only Saviour and spreading the Church. What seems clear from this discussion is that mission is encountering a special challenge in Asia, namely the active presence of developed religious traditions like Hinduism and Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. An additional factor today is that religious groups in Asia, affirming their identities, are in conflict, more or less violent. The Church is identified as a foreign presence in many countries and it is looked at with suspicion. It is in this Asian context that I would like to situate my reflections. I am not therefore talking about religious pluralism as an objective problem in the abstract. I am reflecting on the proclamation of Jesus Christ in the context of Asian religions. The hearers will certainly influence what and how we proclaim.


Many claims have been made in translation studies regarding foreignization and domestication, but few empirical studies have been conducted to test those claims. Against this background, a survey was conducted to investigate the impact of foreignized and domesticated translations on three groups of Chinese readers. This study was conducted in two mainland Chinese cities (Beijing and Guangzhou) and one Taiwanese city (Douliou), including a total of 143 readers responding to two renditions of an English source text, one foreignized and one domesticated. The responses were then analyzed to determine the reader's perception of the text in relation to the concepts of foreignization and domestication. Likewise, the responses were analyzed to determine whether the location of the study had an impact on the respondent's answers. This paper presents findings of the study and concludes with a number of reflections on the now common concepts of "foreignization" and "domestication."


We assessed the relationships between nutritional status and malaria infection among children with severe acute malnutrition. Baseline nutritional status was not associated with malaria infection. Malaria infection was associated with increased weight gain and decreased linear growth.


Combining the project case of Longtan roller compacted concrete gravity dam and the change of the dam temperature field when simulating thin-layer pouring.The article conducts a comparative analysis of massive concrete temperature field calculation of one dimension for stratification pouring,which contributes to worthwhile guidance and suggestions for project design and construction of similar types.The finite element method can be used to simulate layered pouring concrete temperature field in combination of theoretical decomposition so that it is better applied to simulation calculation in massive concrete construction.


This paper studied different size-distribution of recycled coarse aggregates by fractal theory. Concrete with different aggregate gradations were prepared by preparing different fractal rate of aggregate gradations. The slump, compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength were tested. The results indicated that recycled aggregate concrete performance of the same fractal dimension is different when the max particle size is different. Recycled aggregate concrete with high fractal dimension D had better self compacting fill performance, higher slump and better liquidity. But due to large amount of waste cement mortar in recycled aggregate, as the D increased, the slump of the recycled aggregate concrete increased first and then decreased. When the maximum particle size was different, the performance of recycled concrete with same fractal dimension was different. For the same fractal dimension, recycled concrete with smaller maximum particle size had higher strength.


Dipartimento di Fisica Nucleare e Teorica, Universita` degli Studi di Pavia andINFN, Sezione di Pavia, via A. Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy(Dated: October 19, 2011)The analysis of the recent neutral-current neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections measuredby the MiniBooNE Collaboration requires relativistic theoretical descriptions also accounting forthe role of final state interactions. In this work we evaluate differential cross sections with therelativistic distorted-wave impulse-approximation and with the relativistic Green's function modelto investigate the sensitivity to final state interactions. The role of the strange-quark content of thenucleon form factors is also discussed.


This study aims to determine the benefits expected by foreign tourists visiting Turkey from their holidays. We aimed to create market segmentation for foreign tourists by the determined benefits. Another aim of the study is to identify the health risk perceptions of foreign tourists visiting Turkey about Turkey. In this study, it was also aimed to determine the health-related measures taken by foreign tourists before leaving on vacation. In this context, the concepts of market segmentation and health risk perception were examined in the literature section of the study in detail. In the application section of the study, on the other hand, the questionnaire form was used as a data collection tool. The questionnaires were conducted in German, Russian, English, and Turkish languages between June-October 2019 in Istanbul, Antalya, and Izmir airports with the highest number of tourist entrance and exit. We have reached 851 tourists and we have asked the questionnaire items using the face-to-face method. In the study, descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean, median, mode, and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. In addition, analyzes such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis were also used. Six benefit factors were determined as a result of the analysis made in the study. Cluster analysis was applied to six factors determined and four market segments were obtained in the sequel. The names of the four market segments were decided as follows respectively: "Tourists Seeking for Sea-Sand-Sun Benefit", "Tourists Seeking for Cultural Benefit", "Tourists Demanding Means of Communication and Transportation, and "Tourists Seeking for Economic, Safety, and Comfort". Besides, it was found that tourists consider Turkey safe in terms of health risks. When tourists were asked to rate the health risk they perceive in Turkey, it was seen that the vast majority of tourists checked the option of least risk. It was determined that the vast majority of tourists did not receive any health advice before arriving in Turkey.


We propose a magnetic field exposure system (tetracoil) for in vitro and in vivo experiments, composed of two couples of circular coils satisfying a spherical constraint, whose characteristics are chosen in order to maximize the uniformity region of the magnetic field. Analytical calculations and computer simulations show that our system, as compared to the other most largely used magnetic field exposure systems, represents an optimal compromise in terms of field uniformity, accessibility for biological experiments, and ratio between overall dimension and uniformity region. Bioelectromagnetics 24:125–133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A power system stabilizer (PSS) installed in the excitation system of the synchronous generator improves the small-signal power system stability by damping out low frequency oscillations in the power system. It does that by providing supplementary perturbation signals in a feedback path to the alternator excitation system. In this paper we review different conventional PSS design (CPSS) techniques along with modern adaptive neuro-fuzzy design techniques. We adapt a linearized single-machine infinite bus model for design and simulation of the CPSS and the voltage regulator (AVR). We use 3 different input signals in the feedback (PSS) path namely, speed variation(w), Electrical Power (Pe), and integral of accelerating power (Pe*w), and review the results in each case.


PURPOSE
To document the changes observed at sequential magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of sarcoidosis lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) during treatment with corticosteroids.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The abnormalities detected in 24 patients (mean follow-up, 36 months) were compared before and after therapeutic periods (n = 75) that were divided into attack (high-dose), upkeep (decreased-dose), and minimal (low-dose) periods. Parenchymal lesions were classified as type 1 (enhanced with gadolinium), type 2 (demyelinating), or type 3 (lacunar) and were assessed as regressing, stable, or progressing.

RESULTS
Seven of the 24 patients had several types of lesions. Isolated type 3 lesions (six patients) were the only lesions not associated with neurologic deficit. Type 1 lesions (13 patients) regressed in 22 of 22 attack periods and progressed in nine of 27 upkeep and minimal periods. MR imaging depicted relapses in patients with multifocal CNS involvement or long-standing CNS impairment or in those who had previously received steroid therapy. Type 2 (seven patients) and type 3 (13 patients) lesions remained stable in 68 of 68 therapeutic periods. Type 1 lesions appeared in three patients with type 2 and type 3 lesions during two upkeep and three minimal periods. Findings at follow-up MR imaging contributed to the reintroduction of high-dose corticosteroid therapy in eight patients.

CONCLUSION
MR imaging can be used to differentiate between reversible and irreversible lesions in CNS sarcoidosis. MR imaging can be a useful tool for adjusting treatment to prevent irreversible CNS damage.


We determine optimal consumption paths under a series of returns scenarios for charitable endowments with distinct tastes over investment risk and inter-temporal substitution. Charities typically prefer smooth consumption paths but are investment-risk tolerant. Using a recursive, Kreps-Porteus utility function, we model the optimal disbursement from an infinitely-lived charitable trust, then, allowing a general form for the returns density, we apply stochastic dominance relations to estimate income/substitution effects whereby a change in future returns influences the current consumption rate. The elasticity of intertemporal substitution rather than risk aversion is key: optimal consumption rises or falls as the elasticity diverges from one.


(57) Abstract: Content item (49) is held on an Internet server (51). Each item, it is possible to identify the position in the corresponding URI, with the possible relevant identification number using the telephone keypad ( "1234567"). PSTN includes a intelligent peripheral (70) having a connection with the Internet (50). To access a particular content item (49), telephone user (A) inputs the service specifier code ( "333") and subsequent identification of the desired content item (49) ( "1234567"). Intelligent Peripherals (70) converts the input identification number to the desired item of URI. Next, Intelligent Peripherals (70) takes out a desired content item using this URI, typically delivered to the telephone user (A) as a voice representation of said item it.


pARENTS can keep up intellectually with their children, and the schools can help them do it. This is the tenor of a suggestion made by John S. Diekhoff, director of the Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adults, in the November issue of the National Parent-Teacher. Entitling his article, "Keeping Pace with Youth," Diekhoff begins by citing the familiar fact that many parents "take" various