The free trade system requires UMKM to be able to compete, and made this moment to be able to introduce the best UMKM products in the global market. In the current era of global trade, the emergence of counterfeiting or piracy often appears, for this reason, legal protection is needed for Intellectual Property Rights, especially for UMKM  over brands. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of the brand and legal protection provided by the State of the brand for UMKM. The research method used in this research is the method of legal sociology which is an approach that analyzes how reactions and interactions occur when the norm system works in society. The results of this study are the first Brand Function provides legal protection for business people, UMKM products will be better known to people, consumers' trust in their products will increase, can create personality, help promotion. Legal protection of trademarks based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning brands and geographical indications, legally protected marks are registered trademarks, protection is also in the form of civil damages or compensation. Legal protection for brands is also in the form of preventive and regrentive legal protection.


Objective To understand the status of the mental health of the urban junior middle school students in Taiyuan City.Methods A total of 859 urban junior middle school students were investigated with Symptom Checklist 90.Results The mental health status of the urban junior middle school students was worse than that of normal adults.The incidence of the evident mental problems was 15.0%.The mental health status of the female students was worse than that of the male students,and the mental health status of the female students in higher grades was worse than that of those in lower grades.Conclusions We should pay more attention to the mental health of junior middle school students,and take appropriate measures to the different kinds of groups.


BACKGROUND: Sustained hyperglycemia leads to multiple health complications associated with oxidative balance and metabolic pathways alterations. Current treatments for hyperglycemia are not entirely effective thus, the identification of natural products from food sources, such as Ugni molinae berries, to reduce hyperglycemia and prevent the deleterious effect of oxidative stress is attractive to develop new therapeutics. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and glycogen phosphorylase A of polyphenolic extracts from different genotypes of U. molinae berries and to comparatively analyze their polyphenolic profile. METHODS: Berry extraction was performed by exhaustive maceration with increasing-polarity solvents. The antioxidant capacity, and inhibitory activity on enzymes were analyzed by different spectrophotometric methods. Moreover, the chemical profile of bioactive extracts was comparatively evaluated through LC-MS. RESULTS: 16 semi-purified extracts were obtained and showed antioxidant capacity and inhibitory activity on the evaluated enzymes. Moreover, the chemical analysis showed differences in phenolic profile among the extracts and, particularly, the acetonic extracts were more concentrated in phenolic compounds, which is associated with the more potent activities. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that murtilla berries' acetonic extracts include a mixture of phenolic compounds that inhibit the activity of two enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism and have a promising antioxidant capacity.


An investigation into the influence of Britain's navy on the American revolutionary economy, particularly its agricultural sector, and the damage that Britain inflicted by seizing major colonial centres and denying Americans access to overseas markets.


The security of the widely-used RSA public key cryptography algorithm depends on the difficulty of factoring a big integer into two large prime numbers. For many years, the integer factorization problem has been intensively and extensively studied in the field of number theory. As a result, a lot of deterministic algorithms such as Euler's algorithm, Kraitchik's, and variants of Pollard's algorithms have been researched comprehensively. Our study takes a rather uncommon approach: rather than making use of intensive number theories, we attempt to factorize RSA modulus n by using random-restart hill-climbing algorithm, which belongs the class of metaheuristic algorithms. The factorization time of RSA moduli with different lengths is recorded and compared with the factorization time of Pollard's rho algorithm, which is a deterministic algorithm. Our experimental results indicates that while random-restart hill-climbing algorithm is an acceptable candidate to factorize smaller RSA moduli, the factorization speed is much slower than that of Pollard's rho algorithm.


SUMMARY The present invention is a surgical system (10) that can include a remotely controlled surgical instrument. The surgical instrument can be coupled to a tool drive (1602) that can be spun to operate the instrument. The instrument can include an actuator rod coupled to the end effector (1710) and removably connected to the push rod (1654). The push rod (1836) can move with respect to the handle to activate the end effector. The end effector can include a fitting that conforms to the shape of the needle (1712). The handle (1812) can be secured to the tool drive by inserting pins into corresponding slots located on both the tool and the tool drive. The instrument can be controlled by the operator by a pair of handles (1806). Each handle can be mechanically balanced by a counterweight. The surgical system may also include a touch pad (1808) that allows an operator to enter system parameters.


The invention provides a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus receptor CD163 knock-out swine and a cultivation method thereof. A constructed CD163 gene knock-out carrier pSSC-Larm-Sarm-CD163 uses a genome of Chinese experimental miniature swines as a template, and adopts a PCR method to amplify a homologous left arm and a homologous right arm of the swine CD163 gene; the cloned homologous left arm and the homologous right arm of the CD163 gene are subcloned to a pSSC-9 carrier respectively; and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus receptor CD163 knock-out swine is cultivated, wherein the CD163 gene is not expressed, and the swine is not infected by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.


Objective To summarize the experience in iron nail stab injury in earthquake-stricken areas.Methods The clinical data of 125 patients with nail stab wound aged 6~65,97 males and 28 females,86 local residents and 30 non-local rescuers,in the earthquake-stricken area of Nanba Town,Pingwu County,Sichuan Province,were analyzed.Results Of the 125 patients,34 visited the medical workers within 6 h after the nail stab,45 within 6~12 h,33 within 12~24 h,and 13 more than 24 h later.The location of stab included foot bottom(n=103),shank(n=12),and palm(n=10).In 11 cases the wound was in the skin only,in 48 cases deep to the superficial fascia,and in 57 cases deep to the muscles and tendons.The palm or sole was penetrated in 9 cases.Infection occurred in 27 cases,and the 125 cases that sought medical help 24 h after the injury had occurred all suffered from infection.Early thorough debridement,washing,and drainage were conducted.Tetanus antitoxin was injected,and anti-anaerobic antibiotics were used.All the wounded persons were cured.Conclusion Nail stab injury is common in earthquake-stricken-areas where wood structure houses are prevalent.Early treatment is very important.The prognosis is good.


The biosynthesis of 3α-acetoxy and 3α-hydroxytriterpenoids, ganoderic acids T and S, in cultured mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum fed with [1,2-13C2]acetate, was investigated by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The 13C-labelling patterns of ganoderic acids T and S indicate that (3S)-squalene 2,3-epoxide is a precursor of 3α-hydroxy triterpenoids in higher fungi as well as of those in higher plants.


SUMMARY The fishery 1. The fish resource considered comprises stocks of bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exploited by fisheries landing their catch in England and Wales. Three different 'stocks' have been used for assessment purposes: • Southeast (southern North Sea and eastern English Channel), • Southwest (western English Channel), • West coast (Celtic Sea and Irish Sea). Recruitment of bass appears highly variable. The 1984-86 year-classes were poor but year-class strength improved from 1987. The 1989 year-class was exceptionally large. 2. The fishery is exploited by commercial fishermen and recreational anglers. It is estimated that in 1992 there were around 272 full-time commercial vessels employing about 430 fishermen and over 1,000 part-time vessels. The estimated first sale value of commercial bass landings in 1993 was £7.9 million, with a wholesale value of £9.9 million. The recreational sector is an important element in the fishery. It is estimated that there were around 361,000 bass anglers in England and Wales in 1992, spending £18.3 million on their activities. 3. The real wholesale price of bass in the UK has been falling since 1990 with a substantial fall of over 15% in 1993. The main factor has been increasing quantities of farmed bass available in the various European markets. This situation is likely to be sustained, to the longer term benefit of UK consumers. 4. Prior to 1990, control of the exploitation of bass was by means of minimum landing sizes only. In the mid-1980s, there seemed to be an increasing tendency for small bass to be exploited in situations where they were particularly vulnerable. This trend was one of the main factors leading to a package of national management measures which were introduced in 1990. The measures 5. The objectives of the measures were to maintain or increase yields from the bass fishery in England and Wales and to safeguard the bass spawning stock. The measures adopted were: • an increase in the minimum landing size of bass from 32 cm to 36 cm total length. • a prohibition on the use of gill-nets and similar enmeshing nets with mesh sizes between 65 mm and 89 mm, south of a line between Donna Nook in Lincolnshire and Haverigg Point in Cumbria within the 12-mile fishery limit; • a prohibition on bass fishing from any vessel in 34 specified nursery areas for all or part of the year. The minimum landing size is the basic …


Objective To study the molecular genetic polymorphism of exons 1,5, 6, 7 of HLA-C gene in Chinese population and evaluate the significance of additional sequencing based typing at exons 1,5, 6, 7 of HLA-Cw gene in clinical HLA matching, Methods A total of 324 individuals were typed at exons 2,3, 4 of HLA-C gene by sequence-based typing. If ambiguities appeared outside of exons 2 -4, we designed a total of 5 in-house sequencing primers and optimized the sequencing reaction, additional sequencing based typing at exons 1,5, 6, 7 was performed to solove the emerging ambiguities. Results In the three hundred and twenty-four samples typed by PCR-SBT at exons 2, 3 and 4 of HLA-Cw gene, 23.8 % (77/324) of the typed samples were assigned the conclusive genotype in four digital level 76. 2% (247/324) of the typed samples were given with the ambiguous allele combination results, in which 73 kinds of ambiguous allele combinations were detected. Increasing the additional sequencing analysis at exons 1, 5, 6, 7 of HIA-C gene, ten frequent ambiguities including Cw* 030201/030202, Cw* 070201/0750, Cw* 040101/0409N/0430, Cw* 0403/0409N/0430, Cw* 080101/0822 could be distinguished. ConclusionsIncreasing the sequencing anlysis at exons 1, 5, 6 and 7 of HLA-Cw gene will help to make clear the ambiguous SBT results and also improve the accuracy of HLA-Cw typing. It shows important significance in clinical histoeompatibility matching.

Key words:
HLA-C antigens;  Histocompatibility testing;  Genes;  Exons


arsenic with DNA. By and large, the chapters comprise short reviews of the various topics, emphasising the key papers which have been published over the past 25 years or so. This approach leads to a measure of overlap or repetition between the contributions, but which at the same time serves to highlight some important questions which still need to be resolved. What is the role, if any, of arsenic in nutrition? Is there any animal species which can serve as a valid model for chronic arsenical


Possibly, the most complicated and time-consuming task in experimental research is represented by the phase of data interpretation, especially for what concerns the relationship between the local data and the overall experimental behavior of the structures. One of the advantages in adopting the by-component modeling approach for the analysis and simulation of composite connections in structures is that it is possible to closely simulate the local behavior of a number of connecting members, and to put it directly in a relationship with the overall simulated behavior, thus highlighting patterns and providing explanations, which might not have been immediately discernible just by examining the recorded data separately. The paper discusses an experimental test involving two one-story, two-bay steel-concrete composite frames with partially-restrained connections, subjected to a series of loading/unloading cycles up to failure. The experimental data is interpreted by means of a mechanical model of the connections, specifically developed for the task at hand. The analysis of the structural behavior by means of the proposed modeling approach allows to closely relate the experimentally observed phenomena to the local behavior of single components, such as the connecting elements, the steel-concrete interface, the column web panel, etc, with an accuracy that would not else be possible. The by-component modeling approach demonstrates to be a very useful tool in data interpretation, especially for the case of partially-restrained connections, the behavior of which is generally very difficult to assess.


Abstract: This paper describes the simulation of multi area multiple-units restructured power system with frequency regulation capability of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIGURE) through price based frequency-linked (PBFL) secondary control. Modified inertial control scheme responding proportionally to frequency deviations is used for DFIGURE to participate in frequency control of a mixed generation restructured system. Price based frequency-linked control acts as a supplementary control. The PBFL control is proportional to the unscheduled interchange (UI) based frequency linked pricing signal of availability based tariff (ABT) mechanism. The concept of contract participation factor (CPF) matrix is used to simulate the bilateral and contract violation transactions in the three area deregulated system. Integral gain of individual generating units are optimized through classical particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique, in order to have an optimal response of area frequencies, tie-lines power and power deviations of Gencos. MATLAB based simulations are carried out for three area deregulated power system to show the dynamic participation of doubly fed induction generator with frequency-linked pricing control in system frequency regulation. The various system responses have been studied to perceive the effects of the bilateral and contract violation transactions in deregulated market with consideration of different levels of wind penetration.


Background: Laser corneal refractive surgery suits, technology and nomograms are improving with time. This may improve the refractive and visual outcomes of the patients. Objectives: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, stability, and predictability of wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy and Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis in patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism over 1-year using WaveLight® EX500 Excimer Laser machine. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, refractive and visual outcomes in 596 eyes (365 patients), either having myopia or myopic astigmatism were assessed. Patients were divided into Two groups: 1) Patients who underwent PRK (53 eyes have myopia and 217 eyes have myopic astigmatism), 2) Patients who underwent LASIK (53 eyes have myopia and 273 eyes have myopic astigmatism). Results: At 12 months postoperatively 94.3% of the myopic patients reached their preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity at the final one year follow up visit post PRK and LASIK. In patients with myopic astigmatism who underwent LASIK and PRK, 95.2%, and 96.3% of the patients reached their preoperative best corrected distance visual acuity at the final one year follow up visit post LASIK and PRK, respectively. The efficacy and safety indices were 1.00 or more for all groups with no eye lost any line of best corrected distance visual acuity. Conclusion: Our study results confirm the excellent efficacy, safety, good predictability and stability of myopia / myopic astigmatism correction by either wavefront- optimized LASIK or PRK over 1-year follow-up without significant differences between them using the WaveLight® EX500 excimer laser system.


High sodium ion (Na+) consumption leads to high blood pressure which causes many health issues. Real-time determination of Na+ content in food is still important to limit Na+ intake and control the taste of food. In this work, we have developed an electrochemical sensor based on agglomeration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) modified on a screen-printed silver electrode (SPE) for Na+ detection at room temperature by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The AgNPs were synthesized through a simple green route using Pistia stratiotes extract as a reducing agent under blue light illumination and mixed with the GO to be a Na+ selective sensing nanocomposite. The AgNPs/GO/SPE sensor showed high sensitivity (0.269 mA/mM/cm2), high selectivity, linear relationship (0–100 mM), good stability, and excellent reproducibility to Na+ detection as well as low limit of detection (9.344 mM) for food application. The interfering species such as K+, Zn2+, Na+, Mg2+, glucose, and ascorbic acid did not have any influence on the Na+ determination. The AgNPs/GO/SPE sensor was successfully applied to determine Na+ in real samples such as fish sauce and seasoning powder of instant noodle.


"Energy Control of Ions Incident to Wafer by Using Active Bias" N.Yasui, M.Sumiya, H.Tamura, S.Watanabe Hitachi, Ltd. This paper describes a method to modulate the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) of an UHFECR reactor with a bias frequency of 400 kHz. For these low bias frequencies, the ion energy distribution is typically bi-modal with peaks of equal intensity for the lowest and highest ion energies. It is known that the distribution can be modulated by using a RF signal, which is not sinusoidal. This is typically accomplished by using a signal generator and a power amplifier. This paper presents a method where active elements like diodes and MOSFET's are incorporated into the bias matching network (hence the term "active bias"). The IEDF's were measured in experiments, in which RF voltage waveforms were controlled by a clip circuit and a sag correction circuit. When the RF voltage waveform is clipped flat and is applied to the electrode, the voltage waveform at the wafer surface is sloped (sag). By electric correction, i.e. by clipping the electrode voltage waveform with a reverse slope, the voltage waveform on the wafer becomes flat. As a result, it was shown that the high energy peak ratio of ion energy distribution could be enhanced to more than 80% of the entire distribution.


Political opportunities and threats are important to tactical choices. Yet, scholars have not examined how the political environment affects the tactical choices of social movement organizations in the media arena. In this article, I analyze how political threats and opportunities affect the media strategies and tactics of two reasonably successful and long-lived social movement organizations on opposite sides of the abortion debate, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) and the National Right to Life Committee (NRLC), from 1980 to 2000. In particular, I examine how political shifts affect the tactics these groups use in response to their allies over time. I find that different social movement organizations respond to political opportunities and threats similarly. In times of political opportunity, groups remain silent on their allies' activities because silence distances their organizations from rancorous public debates and buttresses their political legitimacy. During political threats, groups cooperate with their allies in the media arena but they use public coalition work to advance their own political and media goals. Conceptually, this research broadens how we think about media tactics, which vary far more than scholars currently recognize, and deepens our understanding of coalition work and movement dynamics.


Let a cluster (network) of sensors be connected by the communication links, each link having a capacity upper bound. Each sensor observes a discrete random variable in private and one sensor serves as the cluster header or sink. Here, we formulate the problem of how to let the sensors encode their observations such that the direction of compressed data is a feasible flow towards the sink. We demonstrate that this problem can be solved in a distributed manner by adapting an existing maximum independent flow (MIF) algorithm in polynomial time. Further, we reveal that this algorithm in fact determines an optimal solution by recursively pushing the remaining randomness in the sources via unsaturated communication links towards the sink. For those networks with integral communication capacities, we propose an integral MIF algorithm which completes much faster than MIF. Finally, we point out that the nature of the data compression problem in a sensor cluster is to seek the maximum independent information flow in the intersection of two submodular polyhedra, which can be further utilized to improve the MIF algorithm in the future.


The present study attempts to evaluate the phytochemical activity and in vitro anticancer activity of Eupatorium triplinerve methanol extract against lung cancer cell line A-549 and normal cell line Vero. The compound was analyzed for the presence of various phytoconstituents and screened for its cytotoxicity at five different concentrations by MTT assay. The phytochemical profile exhibited the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and steroids. The study documented that the percentage of cell viability has been reduced with the increased concentration, as evidenced by cell death. Eupatorium triplinerve extract shows potential cytotoxic activity with CTC50 of 450 μg/ml and 110 μg/ml against A-549 and Vero cell line respectively. The result obtained was comparably potent, the crude extract showed moderate activity against cancer cells and it was less toxic to the normal cells. In future, research need to be explored in the purification of this extract and identification of lead compound which could be used as a therapeutic tool against lung cancer.


Burn-out is a clear and present danger for teachers and is something that Victoria Hewitt – who you might know as @MrsHumanities – has experienced. But it is possible to protect yourself and pull yourself back from the brink…


A query Q is said to be effectively bounded if for all datasets D, there exists a subset DQ of D such that Q(D) = Q(DQ), and the size of DQ and time for fetching DQ are independent of the size of D. The need for studying such queries is evident, since it allows us to compute Q(D) by accessing a bounded dataset DQ, regardless of how big D is. This paper investigates effectively bounded conjunctive queries (SPC) under an access schema A, which specifies indices and cardinality constraints commonly used. We provide characterizations (sufficient and necessary conditions) for determining whether an SPC query Q is effectively bounded under A. We study several problems for deciding whether Q is bounded, and if not, for identifying a minimum set of parameters of Q to instantiate and make Q bounded. We show that these problems range from quadratic-time to NP-complete, and develop efficient (heuristic) algorithms for them. We also provide an algorithm that, given an effectively bounded SPC query Q and an access schema A, generates a query plan for evaluating Q by accessing a bounded amount of data in any (possibly big) dataset. We experimentally verify that our algorithms substantially reduce the cost of query evaluation.


We present the first data on the geochemistry and isotopes of carbon graphite eclogite maksyutov metamorphic complex. Found that graphite eclogites are enriched as a group of rare earth elements with a sharp predominance of LREE. In addition, they have high content of U, Th, Sr, P and Nd. Carbon isotopic characteristics vary between -22.1 to -25.0 ‰, averaging -23.8 ‰, which generally close to the 13C content in graphite dispersed in the silicate mantle rock mass. It is concluded that the graphite eclogite protolith maksyutov metamorphic complex were either carbon-igneous rocks, or they are fragments of mantle eclogites, tectonically complex embedded in the substrate interaction subducting slab upper mantle.


Consider a linear stochastic system whose initial state is a random vector with a specified Gaussian distribution. Such a distribution may represent a collection of particles abiding by the specified system dynamics. In recent publications, we have shown that, provided the system is controllable, it is always possible to steer the state covariance to any specified terminal Gaussian distribution using state feedback. The purpose of the present work is to show that, in the case where only partial state observation is available, a necessary and sufficient condition for being able to steer the system to a specified terminal Gaussian distribution for the state vector is that the terminal state covariance be greater (in the positive-definite sense) than the error covariance of a corresponding Kalman filter.


Increasingly, MS patients ask neurologists about the risk that their close relatives will also develop MS. We calculated age-adjusted empiric recurrence risks from data on 815 index cases and over 3,000 of their siblings and children. In general, the risk for these relatives to develop MS is 3 to 5%, which is 30 to 50 times the 0.1% rate for the general population.


A simple, mild and one-pot straightforward microwave-assisted route for the synthesis of
alkenyl halides is presented. Overall, the reaction proceeds through condensation between
alcohols and terminal acetylenes with a halide substitution, which is originated from simple
and commercially available zinc halides. This methodology is amenable with different halide
source and furnished a divers alkenyl halides.


To solve the problem that current algorithms for detecting firewall filters conflicts had poor performance,this paper proposed a fast algorithm called FRCD for detecting conflicts.FRCD constructed two binary trees for every dimension.Experiments verify its good performance.


Previously, a model of the UL‐94V test combining a comprehensive two‐dimensional pyrolysis model with an empirical heat feedback model of the burner and polymer flames was developed and tested using extruded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). PMMA samples with and without insulated sides were used to investigate edge effects: the propensity for the flame to ignite and spread at the edges. Flame growth dynamics were quantified by processing video recorded at 900 nm wavelength. UL‐94V tests were simulated using a numerical solver, ThermaKin2Ds; flame length was predicted well for the insulated samples but not for the non‐insulated samples, likely due to edge effects. In this study, the model was evaluated against UL‐94V tests of seven other polymers of different UL‐94V ratings, using both insulated and non‐insulated samples. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed in 5 vol% oxygen to check the materials' sensitivity to oxygen; only high‐impact polystyrene was affected, for which a surface oxidation expression was developed. For the materials that sustain flame, predictions of flame spread for insulated samples were good after dripping and soot accumulation were considered, although initial flame length was underpredicted for two materials. Predictions for the non‐insulated samples were worse for all materials, likely due to edge effects. For the materials that did not sustain flame, the model predicted extinction correctly in 50% of them. It was unable to predict extinction due to gas‐phase flame inhibition since such effects are not included in the model. However, for these materials, predicted flame lengths before extinction were excellent.


The wolf spider species Wadicosa ghatica sp. nov. is described on material of both sexes from the states of Karnataka and Kerala in India. The species is morphologically close to W. quadrifera (Gravely, 1924), a widespread species from Sri Lanka and southern India. For comparison, the copulatory organs of both species are illustrated in detail. The males of both species are characterized by a corkscrew-like embolus which exhibits species-specificity in details of configuration. The embolus shape is unique to these two species.


As artificial intelligent agents are employed to increase the cognitive capability of systems leveraged by human machine teams, intra-team communication presents a significant challenge. To address this challenge, we propose an intelligent agent for the express purpose of maintaining a computational representation of human intent for the multi-agent environment. This computational representation, referred to as operationalized intent, seeks to provide a designed shared mental model that can be leveraged by the humans and agents as a shared semantic space. Following the example of high performing human teams, the shared mental model is explicitly trained to both the human operators and the intelligent agents. The model of intent is represented by a hierarchy of goal statements and a summary of constraints. The model is extended by estimating future states of the intent model as part of planning activities. This projection of intent allows the intelligent agents to understand what is important to the human operator now and in the near future. This enhanced context could be used by intelligent agent designers to impart greater responsiveness and anticipatory behavior into a multiple intelligent agent environment, ideally without increasing the human's workload. The system level implications of enhanced context are laid out in the intent architecture pattern as an aid to system designers. Finally, operationalized intent proposes a direct evaluation method to assess the agent's interpretation of the human's intent to evolve the design.


The Tony Pastor Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center Introduction Masaniello or, Fish Catcher of Naples The White Crook The Fawn Romeo and Juliet or, the Beautiful Blonde Who Dyed for Love Macbeth Yeast Lynne or, the Humors of Lady Isabel Go West! or, the Emigrant Palace Car in an Uproar The Pie-Rats of Penn-Yann Mysteries of Gotham New York Mechanics Joe Kidd in Fistiana High Life and Low Life or, Scenes in New York The Tenth Ward by Day and Night Bibliography


A 23-year old Saudi female patient is reported, who ingested an alkaline cleaning solution. The patient was managed in a conservative fashion at a local hospital for one month. At the end of that time she developed a tracheoesophageal fistula that caused respiratory failure and prompted transfer to a tertiary institution. Her degree of injury and late transfer made definitive care impossible. This case is presented to discuss the early and late management of caustic esophageal injury and to call for prompt transfer to a referral institution for definitive diagnosis and immediate management.


It analyzed the history of product function requirement, the characteristic of design and methodology, presented the trend of several domains such as design model, CAD, CAE and integration, cooperation and innovation.


The immune system is useful to maintain the condition of the body against pathogenic microorganisms. When the immune system is not able to work well, improving the immune system becomes very important to keep the immune system still works optimally to face microorganisms attack. Temu giring is a plant and its rhizome has an activity against immune system. The objective of this study was to know the immunomodulatory effect of extract of temu giring rhizome to delayed type hypersensitivity response and antibody titer of immune cells of male mice. In this study, immunomodulatory effect test of temu giring rhizome extract (Curcuma heyneana Val. et van Zijp.) to delayed type hypersensitivity response and antibody titer of immune cells of male mice. Temu giring rhizome extract was administered orally with a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg. Cyclophosphamide dose of 50 mg/kg as a positive control, 1% CMC suspension as a negative control, and sheep red blood cells as antigens. From the results of statistical testing, administraton of temu giring rhizome extract is able to increase delayed type hypersensitivity response and antibody titer significantly to the control group (p<0.05). Thus concluded that temu giring rhizome extract have immunomodulatory effects to delayed type hypersensitivity response and antibody titer of immune cells of male mice.


Genetic diversity based on different markers, plays a key role in breeding programs and one of the most important criteria for selection of Parents. In this study the genetic diversity among 13 accessions of Lolium Multiflorum was investigated using 9 ISSR primers. These primers could identify 66 bands. The average of bands was 7.36 for each primer. Average PIC in the used primers was 0.404 that the highest amount of PIC related to primers IS11, IS14 and IS16 and primers IS5, IS11 and IS13 with the lowest value of PIC don't have ability in the separation of accessions. A desirable polymorphism between genotype was observed based on ISSR markers, which the primers of IS9, IS10, IS11, IS14 and IS16 were determined for genetic variation study in Lolium Multiflorum as desirable primers. Also, cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis using Dice similarity coefficients were calculated and dendrogram was drawn using the UPGMA for 13 accessions. Grouping of accessions indicated that genetic variations do not agreement with the geographical distribution of accessions. The coordinate analysis was performed using of the similarity matrix and confirmed the results of cluster analysis.


The accurate knowledge of the neutron-induced fission cross-sections of actinides and other isotopes involved in the nuclear fuel cycle are essential for the design of advanced nuclear systems. These experimental data can also provide feedback for the adjustment of nuclear model parameters used in the evaluation process, resulting in further developments of nuclear fission models. In the present work, the 240Pu(n,f) cross-section was measured at CERN's n_TOF facility over a wide range of neutron energies, from a few meV to several MeV, using the time-of-flight technique and a set-up based on MicroMegas detectors. This measurement was the first experiment to be performed in n_TOF's new experimental area (EAR-2), which offers a significantly higher neutron flux compared to the existing experimental area. Preliminary results as well as the experimental procedure, including a brief description of the facility, the sample mounting, the read-out process and the data handling and analysis, are presented.


Objective The aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of two volumes of articaine in conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis, and in cases of anesthetic failure, its complementation with periodontal ligament injection (PDL). Methods Ninety patients with irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars received conventional IANB with 1.8 mL or 3.6 mL of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. In cases of IANB failure, the same volumes were administered in the PDL. Presence of pulpal anesthesia and absence/presence of pain during pulpectomy were evaluated by electric pulp stimulation and verbal analogue scale, respectively. Relative risks (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each outcome. Results 27% and 42% of the patients achieved pulpal anesthesia following IANB with 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL, respectively (RR = 0.63, CI 95% 0.35 to 1.14, p = 0.12). Analgesia during pulpectomy was present in 64% and 73% of the patients, respectively, for 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL (RR = 0.87, CI 95% 0.66 to 1.16, p = 0.36). In cases of IANB failure, 75% and 42% of the patients that received 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of PDL injection, respectively, achieved pulpal anesthesia (RR = 1.80, CI 95% 0.87 to 3.72, p = 0.11). During a new attempt at the pulpectomy procedure, analgesia was present in 69% and 75% of the patients, respectively, for 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL (RR = 0.91, CI 95% 0.57 to 1.45, p = 0.71). Conclusion Increasing the volume from 1.8 mL to 3.6 mL of the 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in the IANB and in the PDL, did not significantly increase the success rate of pulpal anesthesia and clinical analgesia during the pulpectomy procedure. Therefore, both volumes presented a similar efficacy, though neither resulted in effective pain control during irreversible pulpitis treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02422823.


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Depression is the most common psychiatric co-morbidity among people living with HIV (PLHIV), with prevalence rates ranging from 25% to 36%. Depression impacts negatively upon adherence and response to combined antiretroviral therapy (CART) and the transmission of HIV infection through increased sexually risky behavior. This cross-sectional study presents data from a reference HIV-outpatient service in Dourados (Brazil) that evaluated the association between depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life, and clinical, socioeconomic, and demographic factors in newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients. Using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 61% with a predominance of self-deprecating and cognitive-affective factors. Depressive symptoms were associated with lower income (p = 0.019) and disadvantaged social class (p = 0.005). Poorer quality of life was related to depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001), low educational level (p = 0.05), and lower income (p = 0.03). These data suggest that socioeconomic factors, including level of income and education, are mediating the risk of depression and poor quality of life of PLHIV. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed, including the possible role of stigma.


Few Power Engineers seem to be interested in becoming network engineers, yet some of the most recent significant advances in the electric power industry have come in the form of communications-assisted protection and control schemes. Communication is playing a larger role in electric power conversation. However, there remains a mystique surrounding the lowlevel details pertaining to how these communications networks operate, which often results in confusion and misinformation being taken as fact. The operational and performance data disseminated to end users are often ambiguous, seemingly focusing on arbitrary figures and numbers that lack the proper context and background needed for an engineer to make informed decisions regarding the use of such technology.


This article deals with the synthesis of a new pyrazolo[4ʹ,3ʹ:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives by the reaction of 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]-pyrazole-5-carbonitriles with ethyl cyanoacetate catalyzed by triethylamine (TEA) in ethanol under reflux conditions. All the synthesized compounds have been checked for their purity by melting point and TLC, and have been characterized through various spectroscopic techniques such as H and C NMR, IR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial, antimalarial and antituberculosis activity.


This article provides a comparative analysis of the sustainable development indicators among the Southeast Asian countries. A set of indicators are used to specify the level of sustainable development of the Southeast Asian countries based on the secondary data. A comparative analysis of the major indicators was carried out to determine the current status sustainable development among the countries. The study reveals that Singapore and Brunei have categorized very high human development country and Malaysia belongs to high human development country while Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines and Vietnam have included in the medium human development country and Myanmar has enlisted in the low human development country based on human development index (HDI). High level of poverty have found in Myanmar (32.7%), Philippines (25.2%) and Lao PDR (23.2%). Besides, majority of the countries public expenditure on education and health are found to low. Moreover, Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore are the major producer of Carbon dioxide emission per capita while Indonesia is the highest urban polluter among the ASEAN countries. Thus, most of the Southeast Asian countries are lagging behind from sustainable development where the critical issues such as poverty, income inequality, ecological footprint, urban pollution, inter-country environmental problems which need to be addressed properly for achieving sustainable development.


Values are the general concepts of value generalzed from experiences concerned.Value is of the following properties: relativity, stability, variability, dynamic, polarization, gradation, universality, individuality, autonomy, consciousness, naturalness, artificiality, etc.. This new concept of value stresses the influence of the granting part on the receiving part of value, thus deserves studies and requiry.


Objective To investigate the expressions of p73 in endometrial carcinoma and their clinical significance and analyze the relationship of their expressions with the development of endometrial carcinoma.Methods Expression of p73 proteins was retrospectively studied by immunohistochemisty in paraffin sections from 24 normal endometrium(proliferative phase:12,secretive phase:12),20 atypical hyperplasia and 58 endometrial carcinoma.Results ①The positive expression rate of p73 in endometrial carcinoma,atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrium were 53.45%,25.00% and 4.17%,respectively.There were great differences in positive rates(P0.05).②The positive rates of p73 in different clinical stage of endometrial carcinoma was Ⅰ:31.82%,Ⅱ:56.25%,Ⅲ Ⅳ:75.00%.There were also great differences in positive rates between group Ⅲ Ⅳ and group Ⅰ Ⅱ.In accordance with histological grade,myometrial invasive depress,lymph transference,the positive rate of p73 increased.③Patients with p73(+) had worse results than p73(-) ones(P0.05).Conclusion The abnormal expression of p73 probably play a major role in the development of endometrial carcinoma.The over expression of p73 relates to the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma patients.Protein p73 may be a predictable factor.


We studied the effect of acute hypoxia on pulmonary conversion of angiotensin I to II in anesthetized dogs. When arterial Pos was decreased from 86 ± 14 (SD) to 33 ± 8 mm Hg without changing pH or Pco2, the single passage conversion of intravenous boluses of radiolabeled angiotensin I in tracer doses fell significantly (P < 0.005) from 72 ± 4 to 67 ± 6%. The effect of comparable levels of hypoxemia on the conversion of continuous intravenous infusions of pharmacological doses (1000 times physiological) of angiotensin I was greater: from 55 ± 14 to 33 ± 13% (P < 0.025). There was prompt return of percent conversion ratios to control levels when hypoxemia was reversed. We conclude that acute hypoxia is associated with a reversible decrease in pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme availability. Circ Res 46: 221-226, 1980


There are extant many studies that examine primary and early secondary students' existing and developing understanding of the concept of area for plane figures. In this paper, the focus is shifted to consider the problem-solving skills that may accrue from exposition to tasks related to the calculation of area. In particular, the working of two 7 th grade students on one specific task is examined vis-a-vis certain executive control issues about the selecting, handling and adaptation from a body of previously known methods concerning area determination.


In this paper, the analysis of the molecular structure of non-IPR isomer 4169 (Cs) of C66 fullerene is carrying out. The data on distribution of single, double and delocalized bonds are presented for the first time. Quantum chemical calculations (DFT) have shown that this isomer has a closed electronic shell. The local strains in the hexagons and pentagons adjacent to the linear combination of three conjugated pentagons are the reasons for its instability.


How to control an unstable linear system with a long pure delay in the actuator path? This question was resolved using 'predictor' or 'finite spectrum assignment' designs in the 1970s. Here we address a more challenging question: How to control an unstable linear system with a wave PDE in the actuation path? Physically one can think of this problem as having to stabilize a system to whose input one has access through a string. The challenges of overcoming string/wave dynamics in the actuation path include their infinite dimension, finite propagation speed of the control signal, and the fact that all of their (infinitely many) eigenvalues are on the imaginary axis. In this paper we provide an explicit feedback law that compensates the wave PDE dynamics at the input of an LTI ODE and stabilizes the overall system. In addition, we prove robustness of the feedback to the error in a priori knowledge of the propagation speed in the wave PDE. Finally, we consider a dual problem where the wave PDE is in the sensing path and design an exponentially convergent observer.


Since the origins of humanity, motherhood has remained a central cog around which human societies revolve. With motherhood, it is not just the ability to give birth but the unbounded love, tolerance, patience and presence associated with a mother that keep motherhood unique. The onset of the ravaging coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its variants have, however, seen a painful shift from some of these widely held expectations about motherhood. In Zimbabwe, the God-ordained Edenic bond is now under threat as mothers are now barred not only from griefly cuddling the deceased fruit of their womb but also from performing the last mourning rites on them. In line with biosafety measures, they are now to keep distance from them when they are laid to rest. Faced with such competing values, the paper advocates a compromise by arguing for safe and dignified burials as well as Mariopraxis in the midst of a seemingly defenceless situation. Employing synchronic methodologies namely close-reading and feminism, the paper interrogates the God-ordained Edenic bond which provides the basis to what motherhood is all about. The paper deliberately picks on Shona women on the grounds of acquaintance. Having been born to a Shona mother and raised within a Shona cultural environment, much of my ideas about Shona women will be drawn from interaction with my mother as well as with other Shona women. Desk research will be used to augment prior knowledge. Contribution: The research makes a unique contribution to women theology and the epidemics through proffering tangible ways to both the government and Shona mothers in dealing with emerging challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that women theology is a theology of hope, the article advocates Mariopraxis as it accords mothers the ability, through God, to face the pandemic with an assured hope that God is in control of everything.


In the following note, the authors again refer to the squeeze of the NorthWest Semitic inscription from the collection of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople published in 2022. The reading of two problematic places in the inscription is specified, the corrected reading and drawing are published. First of all, a new understanding of the symbols no. 8–10 should be noted. Instead of three letters – ṣade, aleph, pe – we now see only two here – waw and ṣade. The closest and only analogy to the last sign is found in the Ammān citadel inscription dating back to the 9th century BC. It was discovered only in 1961. This circumstance once again testifies to the groundlessness of doubts about the authenticity of the studied inscription.
The second correction concerns the missing letter in the previous drawing, following the bet (no. 19). The sign is very poorly distinguishable, due to its location on the crease of the estampage. Based on the combination of the preserved vertical and the straight horizontal crossing it at the level of the base of the bet's head, there is nothing left to do but assume that this is a tav. Thus, the new reading of the inscription is as follows:
z d t h š m y w ṣ k b h m l n ḥ z b t h w y d b r k ʕ l s k y r y n k y ? n


This paper proposes a new set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to design dynamic gain scheduled controller for linear systems with time-varying parameters. The proposed LMIs do not involve product terms of the plant state matrices and the Lyapunov matrix. It has been shown that these LMIs can further be extended to accommodate a parameter dependent Lyapunov (PDL) function in an H8 norm based minimization framework. It is found that the LMIs, for the PDL case, are easier to solve if system A-matrix has an affine structure. Moreover, the linear parameter varying (LPV) controller obtained by the proposed LMIs do not require a derivative feedback of the scheduling parameter and hence is more practically implementable than the one obtained by existing proposed LMIs. The proposed method is then applied to a Rolls Royce Spey engine using a mixed sensitivity approach. The non-linear closed loop simulations show that all the required performance objectives are satisfied.


Experimental data on thermophysical properties of solvent mixtures such as aqueous deep eutectic solvents (DES) are scattered in scientific publications. It is desirable to integrate thermophysical...


Photon radiation induced by multiple parton rescattering and corresponding parton energy loss in eA deeply inelastic scattering are investigated by using the generalized factorization of higher twist parton distributions beyond the helicity amplitude approximation.It turns out that the behaviour fo the nuclear size dependence of the parton energy loss is different in the photon and gluon radiation cases.The parton energy loss due to photon radiation depends linearly,instead of quadratically,on nuclear size due to gluon radiation.


Raman scattering spectroscopy is widely used to investigate the phase transition of ferroelectrics, including the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition. In the present paper, the phase coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases caused by Fe2O3 doping in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.2 (Zr0.5Ti0.5)0.8O3(0.2PZN-0.8PZT) ceramics was investigated by Raman scattering spectroscopy in detail. On the basis of the Raman scattering analysis on the tetragonal E(3TO) and A1 (3TO) modes and the rhombohedral R1 mode, or on the tetragonal E(3LO) and A1(3LO) modes and the rhombohedral Rh mode, the tendency of phase transition induced by Fe2O3 doping was evaluated, which has been affirmed by XRD results. This indicates that Raman scattering analysis is an effective way to investigate the doping effect on the phase coexistence in PZT based ceramics.


This article, which was originally presented as an online exhibit, explores the "language" of Champlain's maps, their shared authorship, and the way that this narrative has evolved and come to be presented as the modern maps of the 2013 commemoration of Champlain's expedition to the Ottawa-Gatineau area.


AnEscherichia coli mutant using anNAD-linked dehydrogenase instead ofan ATP-dependent kinase asthefirst enzymeforglycerol dissimilation excreted dihydroxyacetone during theinitial phase ofgrowth. Theintermediate was salvaged asgrowth oftheculture advanced. Thetransient loss oftheintermediate into themediumappeared tobepartly determined byvariation ofthelevel of glycerol dehydrogenase with growth conditions. Withupto2%casein hydrolysate asthecarbon andenergy source, thecellular level ofthedehydrogenase increased 1order ofmagnitude attheendofgrowth. Thisincrease wasprobably caused by thedepletion ofcertain metabolites andwasprevented bytheaddition ofpyruvate orglucose tothegrowth medium. Therepressive effect ofthese compounds was notlifted bytheaddition ofcyclic AMP.Diminution ofoxygen tension inthe culture mediumwithincreased cell density wasnotdirectly responsible forthe increase oftheenzymelevel. Thus, neither catabolite repression norrespiratory repression wasimplicated asanimportant control mechanism inthesynthesis of this enzyme. Since increases inthespecific activity oftheenzyme incell extracts reflected increases intheconcentration oftheenzymeprotein, post-translational control wasalso notinvolved. A novel kindofregulation ofgeneexpression is indicated. Glycerol dissimilation inEscherichia coli is normally mediated byproteins coded bytheglp system. Thecompound entering viaafacilitator protein thatcatalyzes substrate equilibration across thecytoplasmic membrane istrapped by anATP-dependent kinase. Theproduct, snglycerol 3-phosphate, isthenconverted todihydroxyacetone phosphate byoneofthetwoflavin-linked dehydrogenases, according tothe nature oftheterminal electron acceptor available(8). A multistep mutant, strain 424,was isolated inwhichtheinnate glycerol pathway (rendered inactive byabolishment ofglycerol kinase andaerobic sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) isreplaced byanewpathway with anNAD+-linked dehydrogenase asthefirst enzyme(14). Thisenzymereversibly converts glycerol todihydroxyacetone (DHA). Theprotein waspurified toelectrophoretic homogeneity andwasshowntohaveabroad substrate specificity (16). Thesynthesis ofthis enzymeinthe mutant appeared atfirst tobeconstitutive. However, during thecourse ofaquantitative study of glycerol utilization bythemutant, wewereled tothediscovery that thelevel oftheenzymeis


In the present paper, the overall amorphous-crystallization transformation kinetics of chalcogenide Se 79 Te 20 Pb 1 alloy has been reported using differential scanning calorimetry technique under non-isothermal conditions at three different heating rates (5, 10 and 15 °C/min). Amorphous nature of the investigated alloy is verified using X-ray diffraction. The glass transition region has been investigated using three empirical approaches and consonance of these methods has been discussed. The apparent activation energy for glass transition and crystallization region has been deduced using different methods. The Avrami exponent of the investigated alloy indicates one dimension growth of the investigated glass. The deduced values of Hruby's parameter and fragility index indicate that amorphous alloy has been formed from good glass forming liquids.


Review: Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy By Mark Diesendorf Reviewed by Elery Hamilton-Smith Charles Sturt University, Australia Diesendorf, Mark. Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy. Sydney, NSW: University of New South Wales Press, 2007. 413 pp. ISBN 978-086-8409-733. AU$45.95, paper. This is indeed a timely book. The proliferation of books on world environmental trends, policies and issues means that there are literally thousands of pages clamoring for the attention of those interested. Many of these are simply advocating specific conceptualizations and solutions to one or more of the many global problems. Too many of them either neglect, or are deficient on, critical assessment of the necessary evidence. Diesendorf writes with great clarity, explaining complex issues and ideas without over-simplifying or dumbing down. Essentially, after a basic conceptual review, he critically evaluates eight major strategic directions, either already practiced or commonly proposed and advocated in global policy arenas. Each of these strategies is assessed in terms of the potential resources, current status and action, environmental, health and social impacts, economic and future development potential. Essentially, he concludes that, at least in Australia and probably globally, a combination of efficient energy use, solar hot water, gas, bio-energy, wind power, improved public transport and fuel-efficient vehicles could halve greenhouse emissions within a few decades. But the political will is lacking, and much government policy action serves only to further the production of greenhouse emissions. The large and wealthy fossil fuel industries, including their infrastructural demands such as power stations, transport, urban structure and building standards, are major determinants of governmental expenditure. The whole situation is compounded by neo-liberalist politics which largely leaves long- term planning in the hands of the market, which in turn is dominated by the same big greenhouse industries. The first of the strategies examined is efficient use of energy – virtually self-evident, yet outdated and inappropriate practices are allowed to continue unthinkingly. Hand-in-hand, and increasingly accepted, the effective development of wind energy has made immense strides and very significant savings. At the same time, there are constant negative responses to increased wind power often supported by gross untruths and deliberate falsehoods. Bio-fuels production and utilization again are effective and efficient strategies. The use of solar heat and energy is clearly effective and, in the long run, efficient. Further research and development is under way, and in due course, this will deliver greatly improved systems of technology and management. Other appropriate energy technologies are also being developed – marine and hydropower, geothermal heat and energy, and enhanced energy storage systems. One of the major problems lies in the urban form and the transport industries. Both are responsible for a large number of other damaging impacts upon human health and the environment. There have been a number of positive innovations by automobile manufacturers, cyclists and others. Again, governmental policies fall far behind the front line of action. Coal remains the major source of problems, and probably will continue to do so for a very long time. This is discussed in a chapter titled "Coal and Gas: Can we bury the problem?" Although considerable claims have been made in relation to geo-sequestration, and there is considerable investment in research and experiment, the prospects do not appear very strong. Moreover, burying the emissions does nothing about the other widespread impacts which arise from the use of coal.


This study simulates the hydraulic fracturing process based on ABAQUS, and obtains the results of hydraulic fracturing fracture propagation under the influence of multi-parameters. Our research shows that:The effect of reservoir modification increases with the increase of injection rate of fracturing fluid. Under the condition of 8m3/min or above, the fracture can communicate with the fault zone 100m away from the bottom of the well. Under the condition of 10cP, the effect of fracture propagation in formation is good. Under the condition of 50cP, the effect of fracture propagation in fracture zone is good. Under the condition of 200cP, the effect of crack propagation is poor. When the injection volume of fracturing fluid is between 0 and 1440m3, the effect of fracture propagation increases gradually. When the injection volume of fracturing fluid is larger than 1440m3, the contribution of continuous injection become weak. The maximum vertical crustal stress results in the fracture extending to the depth. The maximum horizontal crustal stress results in the horizontal propagation of fractured fractures. This study analyzed the influence of formation parameters and hydraulic fracturing parameters on fracture propagation. It also plays an active role in predicting the effect of hydraulic fracturing.


Certain oscillators of the automatic gain control type can generate unsymmetrical solutions even though the oscillator equations are symmetrical. In such cases, the possible solutions exist in symmetrical pairs, giving the oscillator a bistable characteristic.


Background: Factors affecting short term adverse postoperative outcomes in esophagectomy for Esophageal cancer in low resource center are not well studied. Methods: A prospective study was conducted and data were collected on patients who underwent esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy for esophageal cancer.


Ground-based optical polarimetry and photometry of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 conducted just before and during the IUE monitoring program from November 1 to 19, 1991 are presented. The optical observations reveal strong daily variability in both flux and linear polarization. Broadband UBVRI photometry shows that the slope of the optical continuum remained relatively constant even though the object brightened by nearly a magnitude. PKS 2155-304 was near its historical photometric maximum during the last two weeks of November. The degree of polarization varied between 2 and 8 percent, and fluctuations of 2-3 percent were observed in a day. Daily variations in the position angle of the polarization were observed to be as high as 25 percent, though the position angle was observed to lie between 105 and 140 deg throughout the monitoring program. Some of the implications that these optical data have on models of the source of the continuum emission in PKS 2155-304 are discussed.


This article proposes to discuss the social identity of women in the novel Ventos do apocalipse (1999), mozambican novel by Paulina Chiziane. In it, the woman has voice to tell a historical experience from your country: the war of mozambican destabilization. Stories of female characters and a female narrative voice mix to compose the book's belligerent plot. The thread that leads the narrative is the point of view of those who suffered the war, not from those who did it. There is, in the narrative, a desire to reflect and problematize truths from the social roles in the local village, as an continuous effort to apprehend the woman's condition and his multiplicity and complexity, seeking to perceive their social identity.


Traditionally SNMP has been the preferred protocol for Management in older generation packet networks like Ethernet, Token-ring etc. Efficient, low-bandwidth transport mechanisms (UDP over IP) as well an optimized, but limited, data model were the 2 main reasons for its popularity. The simplistic data model architecture used by SNMP (a flat MIB definition) was well suited for low complexity legacy packet nodes. There are many protocols which have arisen in the past few years to address the Management requirements of Next-generation nodes based on CIM, WBEM management framework. But these rely on TCP as the transport protocol making it not the optimal solution for low bandwidth and intermittent packet networks. This paper proposes a management protocol based on XMLP which would serve to address the scenario described above. The paper also proposes a Management Framework which could be used to seamlessly transition the management of Legacy SNMP nodes to this new protocol.


This article presents an overview of the history of meetings of anthropology and the theory of organization in the Anglo-Saxon literature, with the emphasis put on the period of 1990-2010. It shows both the stable elements as well as the changes, which took place; and the events are presented in comparison to some broader processes - in social sciences and in the tested societies. The article ends with reflections on the possible future connection of anthropology and theory of organization.


The article reveals functional and semantic peculiarities of the English names of music bands, albums and songs based on chemical terms in the context of language and culture. The author gives examples showing the functional specificity of the names, the analysis of semantic fields and proves that the names present an onomastic space field of the English language.


With the central government promoting urbanization constructions, Nanchang city real-estate market has realized fast development. Meanwhile, the property prices have fluctuated in a larger scale. Combined with the most recent policies made from the central government within the period of the third plenary session and the comparison between the development of domestic real-estate market and that of Nanchang real-estate market in the last decade, this paper analyzes the cause and the solution of the partial heat in Nanchang city real-estate market in recent years and put forward rational suggestions to the future development of Nanchang real-estate.


The article considers teachers' professional training content constructing in the higher education of Belgium. The author analyzes the substantial component of teachers' professional education in Belgium, as well as the activities of several educational institutions and organizations within the framework of teachers' training


Debugging tools are a practical need for helping programmers to understand why their programs do not work as intended. Declarative programming paradigms involving complex operational details, such as constraint solving and lazy evaluation, do not fit well to traditional debugging techniques relying on the inspection of low-level computation traces. As a solution to this problem, and following a seminal idea by Shapiro (Shapiro, 1982), declarative debugging (a.k.a. declarative diagnosis or algorithmic debugging) uses Computation Trees (shortly, CTs) in place of traces. CTs are built a posteriori to represent the structure of a computation whose top-level outcome is regarded as a symptom of the unexpected behavior by the user. Each node in a CT represents the computation of some observable result, depending on the results of its children nodes, using a program fragment also attached to the node. Declarative diagnosis explores a CT looking for a so-called buggy node which computes an unexpected result from children whose results are all expected. Each buggy node points to a program fragment responsible for the unexpected behavior. The search for a buggy node can be implemented with the help of an external oracle (usually the user with some semiautomatic support) who has a reliable declarative knowledge of the expected program semantics, the so-called intended interpretation.


Theoretical and practical aspects of application of the ontological approach are considered at construction of conceptual model of management by financial streams of corporation. The terminological base of a problem of management by financial streams of the enterprise of the corporate structure, reflecting specificity of the given subject domain is stated. The formalized semantic model of a subject domain in the form of subject ontology is constructed by concepts, in which the definitions set in terminological base act. Construction of the general conceptual model of corporation by means of the ontological approach allows to eliminate the semantic uncertainty inevitably arising at use of knowledge of high generality.


As a new kind of autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV),an underwater glider has valuable applications in oceanographic survey or in ocean exploration.Different from underwater gliders propelled by electrical energy,an underwater glider propelled by ocean environmental energy(temperature difference energy) was developed in the paper.Dynamic model of the underwater glider was!established using Gibbs-Appell equations.Trajectory simulation was carried out to obtain the kinematic parameters in the vertical plane.Based on dynamic behavior of the underwater glider,mechanical structure,attitude mechanism,thermal engine and control devices were designed.Experimental results of lake trials show the principle feasibility of the underwater glider propelled by temperature difference energy.The power of thermal engine designed is 47 W.The thermal engine can be used for underwater gliders.


Producers will spend nearly $2 billion during 1977 to keep some 519,000 U.S. oil wells on stream. These costs do not include completing new wells or expenditures on gas wells. At least $753 million will be spent to repair failures of artificial lift and downhole tubulars. Another $1.1 billion will be spent to work over 105,000 producing oil wells for stimulation, recompletion, and other forms of downhole modification. This forecast is based on a second quarter 1977 survey of operators covering 8 major producing areas of the nation. Mean failure rates and costs of different failure types were calculated and applied to known well distributions within each of the 8 areas. Tabular data shows distribution of 518,867 U.S. oil wells. Of these 481,146 or 92.7% are being lifted artificially. These are further broken down into 85.2% rod pump, 10.8% gas lift, 2% submersible pump, and 2% hydraulic pump. Approximately 383,000 of the artificial lift wells are strippers, producing 10 bpd or less. Abandonments of stripper wells has decreased 22% from 13,000 in 1975 to 10,100 wells in 1976. Should this decline trend continue, fewer than 9,000 wells will be abandoned during 1977. Some 85% of artificial lift wells are rodmore » pumped.« less


The MSI-based programmable counter 74LS161 is a sync binary accumulator,and is conventionally used as an accumulator with different digital systems.The logical function extension for MIS-based counter 74LS161 is discussed to develop its unconventional use,in which the logical modification technology is adopted to change its application direction,that is to say,the state output of 74LS161 is logically modified to change its counting regulation so that the state output is back fed to the input end of the setting data to reach the time sequence of "next state=setting data",and thus the logical function extension is realized.The creative part is that the logical modification technology is proposed to change the application direction of MSI-based programmable counter.


Nowadays, antenatal visits have increased over the years. Deliveries at health facilities have not increased substantially. Maternal mortality is also quite high. The purpose of the paper is to examine the correlation between antenatal care and place of delivery in Baga and Gudumbali towns of Kukawa and Guzamala LGAs of Borno State. Data was obtained from 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2011 NNPC/University of Maiduguri Environmental Impact Assessment/Baseline Survey for Seimic Activities in Chad Basin, interview, and records from the health facilities. Results showed that 80% of women delivered at home, 9% at a health facility (MCH/Clinic), and less than 11% delivered at other places. Women who were seen by skilled health professionals (doctors, midwife, and community health nurse) have higher chances of delivering at a health centre. Home delivery is high among women seen by traditional birth attendants, and having no access to antenatal care increased the odds of delivering at home. Conclusively, the study found out that the utilization of antenatal clinic and facility delivery in the study area is low.


In the Astronomy in Focus series, volume XXIXB, a number of contributions from Focus Meeting 4 and Focus Meeting 17 were omitted. The editor apologizes for this error.


Trichosporon spp. are yeast-like organisms most often responsible for superficial skin infections (white piedra) and may transiently colonize the respiratory tract. Trichosporon asahii can be an opportunistic pathogen, causing invasive disease and sometimes disseminated infections, usually in immunocompromised patients. They are the third most commonly isolated yeast species in clinical settings. They cause hemorrhagic and necrotizing bronchopneumonia due to vascular invasion; mycotic emboli are identified within hemorrhagic infarcts. Distinctive pleomorphic budding yeasts, true hyphae, and arthroconidia stain weakly with silver stain in tissue. A 53-year-old HIV-negative male with PMH of schizophrenia and intravenous drug abuse presented with shortness of breath and chest pain. Patient was admitted to the MICU for acute respiratory distress likely secondary to pneumonia. Chest CT scan revealed multiple ill-defined opacities in the lung periphery. The patient had neutrophilic leukocytosis and positive blood culture for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Candida glabrata. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal drugs (fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, micafungin) were started. Two weeks later, wedge lung biopsy revealed necrotizing pneumonia with abscess formation and pleomorphic budding yeast-like cells, measuring 3 to 6 microns in diameter; septated hyphae; and arthroconidia. Culture of a bronchial washing was confirmed to be T asahii by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF). Unfortunately, the patient died and partial autopsy of his lungs showed the same pathogen. Invasive respiratory infections caused by T asahii have increased in frequency over the last two decades. Distinctive histology in tissue (pleomorphic yeasts, septated hyphae, and arthroconidia) can suggest the diagnosis, confirmed with MALDI-TOF. Risk factors for invasion include prior antibiotic therapy, central catheterization, malignancy (often hematologic), and intensive care unit admission. Thirty-day all-cause mortality has been reported to be 42% and has been linked to resistance to amphotericin B and echinocandins.


In this paper, we propose a methodology for upscaling fractional vegetation cover (FVC) estimates derived from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to a larger area using freely available Sentinel-1/2 and Landsat-8 satellite data in the semi-arid Nama-Karoo biome of South Africa. To the best of our knowledge, such an approach is still lacking yet critical for understanding human-environment interactions, degradation, and the impacts of climate change in this vulnerable dryland ecosystem. The proposed approach utilizes ultra-high spatial resolution UAV imagery (i.e. < 5 cm) to develop a high quality FVC product. The resulting product is then used to upscale and validate satellite-based estimates of FVC. The rationale for upscaling UAV estimates to the satellite-scale is not only to cover larger areas but also to exploit historical satellite time-series data, in an attempt to understand past trends and vegetation dynamics in the Nama Karoo-Grassland ecotone. The proposed method is expected to produce the first-ever high-resolution continuous maps of FVC and its changes in the above-mentioned ecosystem. Such information is of vital importance as it could help decision makers to gain a better understanding of the extent at which mechanisms such as bush encroachment, grassland expansion, or degradation are occurring in dryland ecosystems.


The present work describes the importance of gamification as a key element in the teaching-learning process in order to generate a new historical knowledge within the framework of pedagogical mediation. This approach aims to meet a specific need that must be strengthened through renewal and innovation in the teaching that is used in History classes by * Costarricense. Máster en Pedagogía de la Diversidad y Licenciada en la Enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales por la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica (UNA). Profesora del Colegio Marista de Alajuela, Costa Rica. Académica e investigadora de la División de Educología de la UNA desde 1995. Correo electrónico: email@example.com ** Costarricense. Máster en Historia Aplicada por la Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica (UNA) y Licenciado en Estudios Sociales y Educación Cívica por la Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica (UNED). Profesor e investigador de la Escuela de Historia de la UNA. Coordinador del Proyecto Gestión de la Calidad BEESEC. Correo electrónico: firstname.lastname@example.com La gamificación como recurso pedagógico didáctico para la enseñanza de la Historia Revista Perspectivas: Estudios Sociales y Educación Cívica – No 17 ISSN-L: 2215-4728 • Julio – Diciembre, 2018 • pp. 1-22 http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rp.17.2 2 teachers in training. The Gamification is defined as a literacy process in digital competence for the appropriation of technological resources and their incorporation in learning contexts through pedagogical processes. The gamification incorporates elements of game design to take advantage of them in the teaching-learning process, but these are not used by themselves, but rather some of their principles or mechanics are taken as points, incentives, narrative, feedback, recognition or the freedom to make mistakes as a means to generate meaningful learning. The study describes a series of evaluations obtained from a group of students who is in the middle of the career of the Social Studies and Civic Education Teaching of the National University of Costa Rica on their knowledge and impact on the pedagogical mediation that gamification could generate as a teaching-learning strategy.


The important and already widely cited article by Guerin-Calvert, McGuckin, and Warren-Boulton I presents empirical evidence indicating that state takeover regulation has raised the expected value of the cost of takeovers. The deterrence effect of this increased cost would then be expected to reduce the number of takeover attempts. Further, they conclude on the basis of an existing literature review that successful changes in corporate control are generally beneficial. 2 However, despite Guerin-Calvert


Optimal and suboptimal guidance laws for short-range homing missiles are developed and compared to the commonly mechanized quidance law of proportional navigation. The optimal controller is derived as an optimal feedback regulator; the suboptimal controller is an approximation of the optimal regulator and consists of timevarying proportional navigation plus a time-varying gain term times a calculated target acceleration. Monte Carlo studies of the three controllers show that the optimal and suboptimal controllers are much superior to proportional navigation for the case of combined constant target acceleration, line-of-sight rate noise, and missile acceleration saturation.


Diethyl ether is widely used in the fields of diesel engines, agriculture, food, chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. It is necessary to carry out real-time monitoring of this molecule due to its harmful effects on human health. In this study, a highly sensitive SnO_2/rGO gas-sensing material has been prepared by a hydrothermal method. The surface adsorption and reaction processes between the SnO_2/rGO gas-sensing film and diethyl ether have been studied by the in situ diffuse-reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at different temperatures. The results show that the SnO_2/rGO gas-sensing material has high sensitivity to diethyl ether, and the lowest detection limit can reach 1 ppm, and that ethyl $\left( {{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{CH}}_2^{\; \cdot }} \right)$ ( CH 3 CH 2 ⋅ ) , oxethyl $\left( {{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}^\cdot}} \right)$ ( CH 3 CH 2 O · ) , ethanol (CH_3CH_2OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (CH_3CHO), ethylene (C_2H_4), H_2O, and CO_2 surface species are formed during diethyl ether adsorption at different temperatures. A possible mechanism of the reaction process is discussed.


Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the costs, characteristics, and outcomes of patients brought to a Texas trauma center emergenct department after apprehension by Border Patrol (BP)/Immigration and Customs Enforcement (BP/ICE). Materials and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a trauma registry/financial records (1/1/11-12/31/14). Data were extracted utilizing a structured form. A multivariate ordinary least square was estimated to identify variables associated with hospital charges. Results: A total of 128 patients were enrolled as the study group; mean age was 28.6 ± 6 years, 20.3% were female, 100% were Hispanic, the most common mechanism of injury (MOI) was motor vehicle crash (75%), and mean charge was $162,152 ± $295,441. Mean length of stay (LOS) was 13.2 ± 29.8 days; 92.2% survived to discharge. Bivariate analysis revealed that MOI differed by gender (P = 0.021). In the multivariate analysis, the only variable that associated with increased charge was LOS. Total charges for the 128 patients were $20.6M, total costs were $4.5M, and total payments were $0.99M. Conclusions: Undocumented immigrants apprehended by BP/ICE and brought to our trauma center utilized significant health-care resources.


Field experiment was conducted with five levels of irrigation at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 per cent availablo moisture regimes under uniform doses of NPK fertilizers to find out the water requirement of maize crop. The results were: (1) The water requirement of maize was found to be 27.65 acre inches (2) There was significant increase in respect of important yield components such as grain weight per plant. 1000-grain weight and the cob yield per plant as the moisture level increased and (3) The moisture level of 60-80 per cent was found to be congenial for highest grain and straw yields of maize.


The purpose of the study was to examine the differences or similarities in ICT use among 120 students from a Christian majority population and from a Muslim minority population, boys and girls, ranging from 7 to 18 years old, all living in the town of Komotini (located in North-Eastern Greece). This research was carried out as the two communities share the same area for living but have different social backgrounds. Thus, it was a challenge for the researcher to identify if their lifestyle differences, their culture, and tradition affect their use of ICTs. The research identified the different ways in which children negotiate technically their relation to ICT and uncovers the varied impacts of technology such as internet safety, influence of use of ICTs, addiction to the internet, parents awareness of ICT use, and surveillance of their children.


The Texas vanpool programme is a cooperative effort involving the Texas Energy and Natural Resources Advisory Council, a state agency, about 100 vanpool programme coordinators (almost all in the private sector), and various other state offices. This report outlines the development of the programme, describes it from the employer's point of view, and evaluates its fixed operating and total costs, and savings to the company operating a van pooling system. (TRRL)


To introduce YU Shang-de's expierences about how to master traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Dr YU emphasizes three key strongpoints:ancient Chinese prose,traditional Chinese culture,and the bringing forth new ideas of TCM.


Literature indicates that people need to possess higher order thinking skills, such as problem solving and creative thinking as well as social skills, in order to take on the many global challenges posed by the 21 century. In this paper, I refer to these skills as self-directed learning skills. Persons possessing high levels of self-directed learning skills are regarded as having a high level of selfdirectedness. Literature also indicates that most school leavers do not possess these skills because most South African classrooms are dominated by teacher-centred lessons where these skills were not necessarily fostered in learners. Although the benefits of a learner-centred approach to teaching and learning are thoroughly described in the literature, active learning still remains a dream in most South African classrooms. In this paper I argue that if student teachers are confronted with various learnercentred teaching-learning methods, they will be empowered to apply such methods as part of their daily teaching practice. This quantitative study reports on the research done to determine whether the self-directedness of Life Sciences student-teachers can be influenced if worksheets (as scaffolds) are applied in a cooperative teaching-learning environment. During the Life Sciences classes students' pedagogical content knowledge and awareness of the affordances of self-directed learning were scaffolded within the students' zone of proximal development. Depending on the particular Life Sciences content, the researcher designed appropriate worksheets which were used as scaffolds to provide support to students during the teaching-learning process. The data-analysis indicated that the worksheets may have influenced the students-teachers self-directedness. The third-generation cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) was used as a lens to identify the factors which play a role in influencing the students' self-directedness.


This study evaluates theassociation of serum lipids and Apolipoproteins with Breast Cancer riskin preand post-menopausal breast cancer women. Serum lipids and apolipoproteins were estimated in patients with Breast Cancer and Benign Breast lesion, attending Oncology Department of B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai. The study group comprised of 147 Breast Cancer patients, 27 Benign Breast lesion and 35 normal healthy subjects serving as control group. A total of 100 Breast Cancer patients had Invasive Ductal carcinoma, 17 had Ductal carcinoma in situ and 30 presented with Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma. Stage II or Stage III Tumour, was present in 78 % patients whereas the remaining 22 % had either Stage I or Stage IV tumour.A highly significant(p=0.0001) increase in Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Lp(a), and Apo B/Apo A1 ratio and significant decline in HDL-Cholesterolwas presented by patients with Breast Cancer and Benign Breast lesion.The Odds ratio indicated highest risk for development of breast cancer in patients with increased levels of Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Apo B and Apo B/Apo A1 ratio. Altered lipids and apolipoproteins cannot serve to differentiate Breast Cancer from Benign Breast Lesion.. To reduce the burden of breast cancer, a multi-sectorial approach aiming at early detection of the disease is required.


Review: The Business of Global Environmental Governance By David L. Levy and Peter J. Newell (Eds.) Reviewed by Elery Hamilton-Smith Charles Sturt University, Australia David L. Levy and Peter J. Newell (Eds.) The Business of Global Environmental Governance. Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press. 2005. 360 pp. ISBN 0-262-62188-6 Pbk.) $US27.00. Traditional approaches to both international relations as a discipline and environmental governance and management have all too often been simplistic. Levy and Newell have set out to develop a more powerful conceptual basis for finding insight into and understanding of the new dynamics that have evolved as major companies play an increasing role in environmental policy and practices. They are concerned to encompass " . . . the rich and complex process of bargaining and negotiation among a range of actors, most importantly firms, industry associations, NGOs, state agencies and international organisations (which can also serve as a forum for these negotiations)." (page 5) They propose a paradigm for understanding based in Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony. In brief, Gramsci saw human decision making and behavior as often being based in a series of inter-related and consensual hegemonic beliefs that arise from both political and civil society. His framework certainly provides an intellectual environment within which beliefs can be negotiated or determined by interaction within any level of society from the global to the individual; at the same time, it provides for understanding the vertical influence from each level to the others. Although Gramsci was never able to complete his very complex project, he has inspired many others to take his ideas and apply them in a range of areas. The coherence and value of the resulting neo-Gramscian theories have continued to increase and are now a central tool in many theoretical contexts. So, it is no surprise that Levy and Newell have built upon this foundation. Other contributors to the volume have applied their paradigm in a diversity of arenas where business now plays a central role in negotiating environmental governance. Some tackle such issues as climate change, protection of the ozone layer, genetic engineering, water supply and control of toxins, while others examine the processes of lobbying, construction of alliances, the ISO as a regulatory mechanism, insurance and security. From my own experience, I regret some of the omissions, particularly issues about land tenure and control, the marine environment, the mining and quarrying industries and the international aid industry. Doubtless, others would identify different omissions. At the same time, their paradigm is a robust one and is well demonstrated. I believe that I could very easily use this volume as a key reference from which to enhance my own analysis of the omissions. …


The self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is primarily used to map high-dimensional data into low-dimensional spaces for pattern classification applications. The pre-defined connections in the SOFM lattice and the weight adaptation algorithm enable topological associations to emerge within arbitrary numeric data. The degree of association or similarity between neighboring nodes on the lattice is largely influenced by mathematical and statistical measures between the data vectors assigned to the nodes. The relationship between neighboring nodes, or cluster units, can be visually interpreted by an observer if this information is displayed as colors and/or distortions on the SOFM lattice. This paper describes how a SOFM that starts as a tessellated unit sphere can develop a closed surface topology of arbitrary N -dimensional data vectors that reflects information content as defined by the mathematical or statistical measure. Transforming the numeric data into a closed geometric form enables the information embedded in large high-dimensional data sets to be easily transferred into an immersive 3D virtual reality environment for interactive scientific data visualization. The implementation of the proposed methodology is illustrated using both high-dimensional synthetic data and the more common Fisher's Iris data.


Abstract 1. Competing foragers are affected by the distribution of resources, but can also affect resource distribution. Intraguild predators may affect the distribution of both the shared prey and the intraguild prey, which are also their competitors.


By GWENDA R. BARER. Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield There is disagreement as to whether precapillary anastomoses exist between the bronchial and pulmonary arteries of normal adult animals and men. The demonstration showed anastomoses found in adult cats and in foetal and new-born lambs, kittens and puppies. They were regularly found in these species in vinyl casts and in specimens injected with a radiopaque substance or with dyes. In adult cats and in lambs and puppies a few weeks old the anastomoses were coiled and constricted (mean size 31.5,t); none were found in adult dogs. In foetal and new-born lambs, kittens and puppies the anastomoses were straighter and wider and the bronchial arteries appeared as ordinary branches of the pulmonary arteries. Narrowing probably occurs after a few weeks of extrauterine life and may coincide with the development of a difference in pressure between the systemic and pulmonary arteries. The pressure distal to an obstruction in the pulmonary artery of adult cats was always only slightly higher than the left atrial pressure under a wide variety of circumstances; this suggests that the anastomoses were not carrying a large volume ofblood from the systemic to the pulmonary arteries.


The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of broiler chickens dietary kaolin, bentonite and zeolite supplementations on broiler thigh meat water holding capacity (WHC), lipid oxidation (TBARS), pH, and meat color during frozen storage. A total of 448-dayold sexed broiler cockerels were randomly assigned into 28 experimental units. A cornsoybean meal basal diet with 0, 15 and 30 g/kg kaolin, bentonite and zeolite as feed additive were added to control and 6 dietary treatments. Chickens were slaughtered and the left thighs kept at −20°C and analyzed after 1 and 150 days of storage. Experimental treatments had no effect on meat WHC, pH and color. Freezing at −20°C for 150 days impaired meat quality and caused chicken rancidity; however, lipid oxidation measured by TBARS value was significantly lower in chickens received diets including 15 g/kg bentonite and kaolin comparing to control diet after 150 days of frozen storage (P<0.05). It was concluded that though adding silicate minerals did not significantly influence WHC, pH and color in experimental treatments, they had influenced lipid oxidation and decreased chicken meat rancidity during frozen storage period


The aim of this study is to identify and quantify factors which influenced exporting firms' performance during the last global financial crisis. A structured questionnaire is utilized to interview a sample of Greek exporters. The survey generated a unique dataset describing the firms' characteristics and the degree to which various trade factors affected their exports. The econometric analysis which implements a multinomial logistic model incorporates various firmsAƒÂ¢A¯Â?½A¯Â?½ profile and trade factor variables to estimate firms' changes in export volumes over the crisis. From this exercise we highlight the factors that discouraged exports and conclude that the crisis's impact was uneven across firms of different characteristics. Firms' age, size, destination markets and the impact of taxation, euro exchange rate and foreign demand are statistically significant predictors of firms' exporting performance during the crisis period.


This exploratory study reports qualitative data gathered from focus groups with social workers who work with immigrant clients in New York City. Social workers were asked to identify challenges and opportunities they encounter as they work with immigrant clients, families, and communities. The author conducted focus groups with 36 social workers. The findings highlight challenges with service delivery systems, how to improve serving the immigrant population, and policy consequences. Most previous studies related to immigration have been from the vantage point of the client. This study fills a gap by exploring the challenges faced by the worker and offers solutions about how to manage the difficult work when serving immigrant clients, particularly the undocumented.


Introduction: Emergency Department (ED) crowding is an international health system issue that is worsening. Further, ED crowding and "hallway medicine" has been identified as one of the most significant healthcare challenges currently facing Canadians. One contributor is preventable transfers from long-term care facilities (LTCFs) to Emergency Departments (EDs). In Canada, there were 63,752 LTCF patient transfers to the ED in 2014, with 24% (15,202) of them due to potentially preventable conditions. Each preventable transfer exposes patients to transport and hospital-related complications, and costs the healthcare system thousands of dollars. There have been many proposed and studied interventions aimed at alleviating the issue, but few attempts to assess and evaluate different interventions across institutions in a systematic manner. Methods: A scoping review of the literature using three electronic databases was conducted. A scoping review methodology was used due to the range of interventions and the heterogeneity in study design and outcome. Inclusion criteria included: studies on interventions designed to reduce transfers from LTCFs, studies that reported key outcomes such as number of ED transfers, and studies with a control or comparison group. Articles were screened by two independent reviewers (Cohen's k = 0.68), and study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute quality assessment tools. Results: Findings were organized into five intervention types (telemedicine, outreach teams, interdisciplinary teams, integrated approaches, and other), and both a tabular and narrative synthesis was completed. Eleven studies had a good quality assessment rating, 13 studies had a fair rating, and two studies had a poor rating. Twenty out of the 26 studies reported statistically significant reductions in ED transfer rate, ranging from 10-70%. Interdisciplinary healthcare teams staffed within LTCFs were the most effective interventions. Conclusion: There are several promising interventions that have successfully reduced the number of preventable transfers from LTCFs to EDs, in a variety of health system settings. Further analysis of the relative resource requirements of each intervention, and practices that can enable successful implementation are needed to inform healthcare policy and administrative decision making. Widespread implementation of these interventions has the potential to considerably reduce ED crowding.