The nematode Sphaerularia bombi Dufour is an obligatory parasite of Bombus Latr. queens and Psithyrus Lepeletier females. The 1–2 mm large female is fixed in the muscle layer of the foregut, the genital tract is everted into the cavity of the abdomen of the host and it enlarges up to 2 cm (Fig. 1). The biological cycle is described in detail by Madel (1966, 1973), Poinar and van der Laan (1972) and Pouvreau (1974). It is generally accepted, that parasitized queens are not able to form eggs and with it to found colonies. The ovaries are not developed. Since the corpora allata remain small, an inhibition of the endocrine system by the parasite is assumed (Palm, 1948; Röseler, 1967). However, on 18.3.1964 I captured a queen of B. hortorum L. collecting pollen (Röseler, 1967). The queen had oviposited, the ovaries contained ready eggs. In the abdomen there was an genital tract of S. bombi, but eggs were not yet released. Here I report about two infested queens of B. hypnorum L., both of them founded a colony and reared sexuals.


Coastal lagoons are natural environments localized between the continent and the ocean, being of great importance to human beings due to a series of services provided, besides serving as rainwater receiving bodies. However, these zones have been subjected to constant degradation processes due to human activity. This study had as its main goal performing the environmental diagnosis of Marapendi lagoon (Rio de Janeiro city), using as a basis the water quality historical data from three monitoring stations, from 2010 until 2017. The variables used were the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Phosphorus (TP), Nitrogen Series and thermotolerant coliforms. The data was compared with the patterns stablished by the legislation and the obtained results for all physicochemical parameters do not comply with the patterns established by the legislation in most of the time studied showing that the lagoon finds itself in bad environmental conditions, mainly due to the accelerated eutrophication process caused by the constant untreated sewage discharge into the water body. The eastern part of the lagoon, due to its greater influence of the tidal regime, presented the lowest values considering the analyzed parameters. However, the point located upstream of the lagoon presented the worst quality, due to partial silting up of this region and that can be justified by the low renewal capacity of its waters.


The Xiaojing scripts created by the Chinese Hui Muslims, areused to spell the different local spoken dialects of the Hui Chinese, and Dongxiang language(a kind of Mongolian language) and Salar language(a kind of Turkic language) as well. According to our investigation thesescripts are widely used in many provinces and ethnic minorities autonomous areas, like Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Henan, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, etc. By the adapted Arabic letters and with minor adjustment, Xiaojing scripts are similar with Arabic and Persian, namely using no-vowel-letters and phonetic symbols to indicate long, short or combined vowels. The author analyzs and examins these Xiaojing documents and studies their spelling regulations, transition of history and sections in this paperand will expect to hear all kinds of the scholarly suggestions and corrections.


This article examines the relationship between the state and informal workers' transnational labor movements. Using the case of the Self-Employed Women's Association, I illustrate how Indian informal workers are launching an alternative labor movement that addresses their unique conditions by simultaneously privileging the central role of the nation state and leveraging the power of the transnational arena. Indian informal workers use three types of transnational activism to generate new forms of integration with the Indian state. Doing so helps them increase informal workers' visibility and integrate their issues into government agendas. To attract state attention, informal workers' transnational efforts focus on local issues and a commitment to empowerment. These findings highlight the potential for Southern leadership in transnationalism and the role that democratic political structures play in shaping transnational labor efforts.


This paper builds on logical and systematic understanding of the micro insurance as a coping strategy towards improved household income and poverty reduction in Marangu Tanzania. The study determines the impact of micro insurance on the welfare of poor families in rural settings. Specifically the study aimed at examining risks that low income households face and strategic measures to mitigate them, it also assess demands for micro insurance among low income households and propose appropriate micro insurance products and mechanisms to relieve household poverty. An in-depth analysis used both secondary and primary data gathered through focus group, interviews, observation and documentary review. Data were analyzed and summarized using descriptive statistics aided by SPSS and MS-Excel. Hypothesis was tested by person correlation coefficient  and it was discovered that micro-insurance contributes positively to the lives of people in a way of handling their medical expenses though health insurance, accessing balanced diet, build modern houses, pay school fees and able to save. Micro-insurance were also found to be a powerful tool in protecting the poor and their assets from negative external shocks, compensating the effects of covariate shocks (e.g., natural disasters), they address gender-specific vulnerabilities, and freeing up household capital for investment in small enterprises. Micro insurance offers the potential for significant innovation in public-private partnership arrangements, cooperation across voluntary and private sectors, rural and urban services sector development, and the extension of social protection to underserved populations, for years to come. The study wrap up by concluding that Micro-insurance are a powerful addition to the social risk management product toolbox, and one that is flexible enough to be successfully implemented under a variety of institutional forms or frameworks. Nonetheless, careful attention and expertise are vital in designing micro insurance products and programs as they are considerably more complex than savings and credit programs offered by different organizations. Keywords: Micro Insurance, Household, Poverty reduction, Social Protection, Marangu, Tanzania


Feb. 24, 2009 PRLog -Charlotte, NC –Ivy Robinson is known for her trendsetting and unique event design. On March 5, 2009, months of planning will be showcased at Hayden Olivia Bridal's Dress in the City charity. This night of bridal fashion will feature the Vivienne Westwood gown worn by Carrie Bradshaw in Sex & The City The Movie. Proceeds from the event will benefit Dress for Success Charlotte.


Saika Siddiqui and Ramachandra S. Hosmane *Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University ofMaryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USATel.: +1-410-455-2520, Fax: +1-410-455-1148, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com,URL: http://research.umbc.edu/~hosmaneReceived: 24 May 2000 / Accepted: 13 June 2000 / Published: 18 June 2000Abstract: Synthesis of trans -1,2-bis(4-nitro-1- p-methoxybenzylimidazol-5-yl)ethene (1) asan imidazole analogue of stilbene has been reported. In order to confirm the trans geometryof the product using an UV spectral comparison, a mixture of both trans (1) and cis isomer(3) was also prepared. The synthesis involved one-step dimerization of the precursor, 4-nitro-1- p-methoxybenzyl-5-methyl-1 H -imidazole (2), using N -chlorosuccinimide catalyzed by po-tassium t-butoxide.Keywords: Dimerization, heterocycles, biaryls, imidazole, stilbene.IntroductionTrans -stilbene is an important organic compound carrying a wide variety of useful applications in o r-ganic synthesis [1]. These applications include, but are not limited to, asymmetric dihydroxylation [1a],photocyclization [1b], photoisomerization [1c], and synthesis of diphenyl acetylenes [1d], bromohydrins[1e], and benzils [1f]. Heterocyclic analogues of trans -stilbene are of interest not only for exploringthese various applications but also for their inherent potential to serve as key precursors to the synthesisof a host of novel as well as known heterocycles. We present here the synthesis of trans -1,2-bis(4-nitro-1- p- methoxybenzylimidazol-5-yl)ethene (1) as an analogue of trans -stilbene containing an imidazolering. In order to confirm the trans geometry of 1 using ultraviolet spectroscopy, a mixture of both trans(1) and cis isomer (3) was also prepared. The comparison of the UV spectrum of 1 with that of themixture corroborated the trans geometry of 1.


Much of the literature on teaching methods for economics modules demonstrates alternative ways in which the instructor can present the material to the students. In this paper the author proposes a method which puts the responsibility of the teaching and learning of the syllabus in the hands of the students themselves. In this assignment students must recreate the textbook in a more accessible way, for example, through the medium of video, interviews, podcasts, social media, games, quizzes, and case studies which are then made available as resources for the class as a whole. This article describes the assessment method, how it is structured, implemented and graded and gives some practical information and feedback which will enable other instructors to adapt it for their modules.


As inspired by the pH paper for the determination of the acidity levels of solutions, we have developed a wettability-based colorimetric test strip to differentiate the composition of gasoline/oil mixtures. These mixtures are widely used in two-stroke motor engines. A method that is rapid, low cost and simple-to-use will facilitate the differentiation of these gasoline/oil mixtures, and ensure the use of these mixtures in the proper ratios in two-stroke engines for optimized engine performance and endurance. An inverse opal film (IOF) consisting of nanopores was synthesized on the silicon strips. These strips were then functionalized with alkysilanes through chemical vapor deposition. Based on the observation that the silanized nanopores are wetted or not wetted by the gasoline/oil mixtures, we are able to differentiate between the 16:1 and 1:1 mixtures.


Mining activities can affect the availability of groundwater both in quantity and quality. Example of mining activities that can cause pollution are overburden stockpiling, construction of haul road facilities and infrastructure, coal processing and stockpiling activities, workshops, and domestic waste disposal. One effort to maintain groundwater is to analyze the groundwater vulnerability. This research was conducted to analyze the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution of PT. X in Balangan, South Kalimantan. The method used to assess groundwater vulnerability in this study is the GOD method (groundwater occurrence or aquifer type, overall lithology of aquifer, and depth of groundwater). Determining the groundwater vulnerability class with this method will be based on three parameters, namely type of aquifer, lithology or rock type, and depth of groundwater table. The GOD method divides each parameter into several classes in consonance to the weight of each parameter corresponding to the effect on groundwater vulnerability. Based on the results of the analysis, it is indicated that the area of PT. X is included in the category of negligible and moderate vulnerability. The results of the analysis can be used for recommendations for groundwater management in the study area. The GOD method can also be used to determine groundwater vulnerability in urban areas that have different land uses.


Fatigue of Niobium stabilized austenitic stainless steel (X6CrNiNb1810mod) was studied using specimens extracted from a solution annealed and quenched φ360×32 mm pipe, which fulfils all the German KTA material requirements for primary components in BWR and PWR. An experimental strain life fatigue curve was determined as a base line for component specific evaluations and for comparison with the Langer and Chopra curves, which are the basis of the ASME III and NRC RG 1.207 design criteria. Stress strain responses in strain controlled tests were carefully measured to clarify the fatigue mechanisms. In the LCF regime our data lie within a common scatter band between the Langer and Chopra curves. When approaching HCF regime (> 100 000 cycles), the curves deviate and Chopra curve becomes highly conservative for this material. Strain controlled fatigue tests ranging to 10 million cycles in RT air indicated an endurance limit behavior for this alloy.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


In view of great advances made in new weapons of war, the position of the radiologist is rapidly becoming more important. Because of his general medical training, supplemented by his knowledge of radioactive materials and of their inherent dangers, he will be of invaluable aid to both the military and civilian population. For some time one of us (S.L.W.) has been advocating the necessity of a well organized radiological defense program for California. Shortly after the initial attack in Korea, Governor Earl Warren of this state took an active part in mobilizing civilian personnel into a well organized civil defense organization. In the beginning, radiological defense was placed under medical control, as a part of the medical plan. It was soon realized, however, that an effective radiological defense program would of necessity have to be large in personnel, that it would require specialized training plans and equipment, and would best function as a separate entity apart from medical activities. In an actua...


The principal aim of the present study is to penetrate into the knowledge of the Perso- nal Style of the Therapist (EPT) and to study the relations between different functions of


Scheduling is one of the most important and challenging stages in system synthesis. A good scheduling technique can significantly improve performance of parallel and distributed systems. Applications running on these systems, such as adaptive fuzzy logic controllers, robot navigation systems, and real-time video conferencing programs are iterative or recursive in nature. To schedule them, a scheduling algorithm reads in an application represented by a data-flow graph (DFG).
This thesis discusses scheduling techniques for both non-resource constrained and resource constrained problems. Scheduling techniques for the first category are allowed to schedule applications to as many processors as they require. On the other hand, resource constrained scheduling restricts the number of available processors when scheduling is performed. A resource constrained scheduling algorithm, called the rotation scheduling framework, is studied. Based on this methodology, several scheduling algorithms are presented which solve other related scheduling problems, such as reducing pipeline hazards and communication costs.
Previous scheduling solutions deal with well-defined simple applications such as DSP image processing. However, for more complex applications, a representation of the input graph should be in the form of a hierarchical structure, i.e. a node in the graph represents a group of operations. The computation time of a node in this case can vary. The existing solutions, however, cannot efficiently deal with this consideration. A new graph model, called the probabilistic data-flow graph (PG), is introduced to reflect such uncertainties. In this research, we present a new set of probabilistic algorithms, both non-resource and resource constrained, to deal with the probabilistic graph input.
The set of our probabilistic scheduling frameworks includes probabilistic retiming, probabilistic unfolding, probabilistic list scheduling , and probabilistic rotation scheduling. The experiments in this work shows the significant improvement of using the probabilistic approaches versus the traditional non-probabilistic techniques. Finally, we present a communication-sensitive scheduling algorithm which is an extension of probabilistic rotation scheduling and is designed to handle the situation when communication costs are represented by random variables.


The present invention includes a fine and / or amorphous silicon dioxide, and carbon, to a method for producing silicon tetrachloride by a mixture of an energy donor to convert the chlorine. Energy donor is silicon, a metal silicon or silicon alloy, such as ferrosilicon or calcium silicide. Addition of donor, on the one hand results in a self-sustaining exothermic reaction, resulting in a significant reduction in the reaction starting temperature on the other hand. The fine and / or amorphous silicon dioxide, silicon-containing ash dioxide is mainly used. These are prepared by ashing skeletal structure of the silicon-containing plants such as fir Kalamata straw. Other sources of natural origin containing silicon dioxide such as filtration particles, and diatomaceous earth silica, and electrochemical production of silicon from immersion temperature of the alkaline earth metal silicate with hydrochloric acid is and the like.


Developments in technology and information in the present requires the company to further enhance business performance to gain the trust of consumers hearts. The purpose of this study is: To find out how the marketing strategy at Kaltim Post Samarinda. In this study, researchers used a Cartesian diagram analysis tool that consists of four dimensions, namely, product, price, promotion, place. The study of 96 respondents using questionnaire method  Likers Scale. The collected data were analyzed using analytical methods of customer satisfaction, the results of this study indicate that the level of customer satisfaction with the marketing strategies of Kaltim Post Samarinda is between 20-40 which means low satisfaction, namely 31,01. From the comparison of the average performance score and the average score of hope 31,01<46,27 indicates that consumers are still not satisfied with the services given. Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Cartesian diagram, Customer Satisfaction


This paper gives real time approach for detection of driver drowsiness due to fatigue or intoxication. According to survey made by government, 22% accidents are due to drowsiness and 33% accidents are due to alcohol drinking. Actually to develop such a technique in car which can detect the drowsiness of driver is a big task. To complete this task image processing technique can be more useful. The camera is supported by embedded system in which Raspbian OS is used. This embeddd system is serially interfaced with another micro controller with RS232 protocol via serial communication, which will detect the real time siuation of the driver and switch on the alarm when drowsiness is detected the system switches off the car ignition power source by microcontroller based signal. A GSM module is introduced in the system which sends sms to the person whose contact is saved in the system.


Plasmonic lattice modes (PLM) on the periodic arrays of Au hemi-ellipsoids on quartz substrates (inhomogeneous environment) is demonstrated experimentally. It is found that formation of PLM results from the coupling between the resonance of Au hemi-ellipsoids and the diffracted waves inside the substrates. The quality factor of PLM can be attributed to three factors: the weakening of zero-order diffracted waves, the strengthening of hemi-ellipsoid's resonance and the match between the period of the arrays and nanoparticles' resonance wavelength. The simulated results show that the structural parameters, such as the radius of Au hemi-ellipsoid and the environmental refractive index, have effects on the quality factor of PLM. In addition, experimental results also indicate that the backward incidence results in a sharper transmission valley than the forward incidence.


This paper deals with the prediction of the dynamic response and vibrational power flow in general three-dimensional coupled beam structures. An arbitrary loading condition is assumed and flexural waves in two perpendicular planes and longitudinal and torsional waves, may be excited simultaneously in each beam. The interaction of different wave types at the coupling boundaries is therefore expected. Suitable for the low- and medium-frequency range, the modal receptance method used here allows the prediction of the detailed structural response and power flow components carried by the different wave types through joint boundaries and at any cross section of the beam structure. The mathematical description of the three-dimensional beam structure and the manipulation of receptance matrices are presented in such a form that the vibration of any complex beam structure may be described systematically and with clear physical interpretations. The prediction of the input and output power for each component beam qua...


COVID-19 has influenced business operations all around the world, with the adoption of technology to sustain business operations and improve survival being on the rise across various sectors. This review was conducted to explore existing literature to uncover the effects that COVID-19 has had on Internet of Things (IoT) technology adoption, innovation, or research. The review was conducted through a search of literature sources detailing the impacts, the IoT technologies and solutions used as a result of the pandemic, and the various technologies and solutions that were invented before the pandemic but found higher demands because of the pandemic. The review reveals that COVID-19 has increased the adoption of IoT technology by more companies across diverse fields including healthcare, smart homes, smart offices, retail, airports, manufacturing, and hospitality. It also reveals that most businesses had plans for the gradual adoption of the IoT technologies that were already in existence before the pandemic but were pushed to procure and implement them as necessity arose. The review finally reveals that there are more IoT research and development efforts as a result of the pandemic.


Although extracellular adenosine concentrations in brain are increased markedly by a variety of stimuli such as hypoxia and ischemia, it has been difficult to demonstrate large increases in adenosine with stimuli that do not result in pathological tissue damage. The present studies demonstrate that increasing the temperature at which rat hippocampal brain slices are maintained (typically from 32.5 to 38.5°C) markedly inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission. This effect was reversible on cooling, readily repeatable, and was blocked by A1 receptor antagonists and by adenosine deaminase, suggesting that it was mediated by increased activation of presynaptic adenosine A1 receptors by endogenous adenosine. This increase in adenosinergic inhibition was not a response to hyperthermia per se, because it could be elicited by temperatures that remained entirely within the hypothermic range (e.g., from 32.5 to 35.5°C). The increased activity at A1 receptors appeared to be attributable to the direct release of adenosine via nucleoside transporters; the release of adenine nucleotides, linked to either the activation of NMDA receptors or the increased efflux of cAMP, appeared not to be involved. These results suggest that changes in brain temperature can alter the regulation of extracellular adenosine in rat brain slices and that increased adenosine release may be an important regulatory mechanism for countering increased excitability consequent to increased brain temperature.


The viability of the biological detection device and method using the tilt sensor are disclosed. Is attached to the living biological sensing device, the target organisms in accordance with the present invention, a tilt sensor for detecting fine vibration generated by the movement of the subject organism; Determination unit for determining on the basis of the fluctuation of the survival period for the update period is set of the target organisms; And a communication unit for transmitting the update packet including the determination result of the determination unit to the outside. Therefore, it is possible to determine the survival of organisms with low power consumption with a simple configuration without any complicated sensing means. Biological, living, vital, monitoring


Artificial Intelligence (AI) processors commonly use deep-learning-based neural networks (DNN), which mainly include convolution layers and fully connected (FC) layers. Both the convolution and FC layers require highly parallel multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations and generate a great deal of intermediate data. Under the von Neumann computing architecture, data transfer between processor and memory imposes high energy consumption and long latency, which significantly deteriorates the system's performance and efficiency. Computation-in-memory (CIM) is a promising candidate to improve the energy efficiency of multiply-and accumulate (MAC) operations of artificial intelligence (AI) chips. However, there are always constraints between high precision and high energy efficiency in CIM. This paper reviews the precision requirements of popular DNN models, and outlines the tradeoff between the precision and the energy efficiency in SRAM-CIM designs.


The book Build Your Own Database Driven Website Using PHP & MySQL by Kevin Yank provides a hands-on look at what's involved in building a database-driven Web site. The author does a good job of patiently teaching the reader how to install and configure PHP 5 and MySQL to organize dynamic Web pages and put together a viable content management system. At just over 350 pages, the book is rather small compared to a lot of others on the topic, but it contains all the essentials. The author employs excellent teaching techniques to set up the foundation stone by stone and then grouts everything solidly together later in the book. This book aims at intermediate and advanced Web designers looking to make the leap to server-side programming. The author assumes his readers are comfortable with simple HTML. He provides an excellent introduction to PHP and MySQL (including installation) and explains how to make them work together. The amount of material he covers guarantees that almost any reader will benefit.


This paper presents the core technology of novel enhancements to achieve toll quality at 4 kbps, our experiments and test results traditional CELP coding, coined eXtended CELP (eX-CELP). It is showed that this technology is also successful and suitable for centered on a combined and selective usage of closed-loop/open-both high and medium bit rates. Fig. I and Fig.2 illustrate the basic loop approach, and variant algorithm structure concept. The above structure of the eX-CELP encoder and decoder. two concepts are complemented by new features and refined One of the main themes of the eX-CELP technology is the existing technologies. The eX-CELP paradigm was used in judicious combination of the closed-loop approach and the open-several speech coding systems. It is the core technology of the loop approach, together with a careful selective usage of them. recently chosen candidate for the 3G-CDMA speech codec This mechanism is coined COLA, and its main objective is to standard. It was the best candidate for ITU-T 4 kbps codec intelligently employ the most appropriate approach for different qualification test, and became the basis technology for a types of input signals in order to preserve the perceptually consortium candidate to the ITU-T 4 kbps speech coding important contents. Another important feature in the eX-CELP competition.


Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Indonesia for the promotion and reciprocal protection of investments (with protocol). Jakarta, 14 May 2003


Mother's milk (ASI) is the best food for babies, especially babies from 0-6 months called exclusive breastfeeding. ASI fulfills nutritional needs, has immune substances to protect babies from the dangers of infectious diseases, hygienic, always available at all times and the temperature is right. Some mothers in the village of Pasirido do not provide ASI exclusively for various reasons.The purpose of the study: to analyze the determinant factors of the failure of exclusive breastfeeding in the village of Pasirido. Study design: using correlation research. Population and sample: population of all mothers who have children aged 6-12 months. The sampling technique used was a total sample of 30 respondents. Tools: Data were collected using a questionnaire, data were analyzed univariately by percentage formula and bivariate with chi square. The results of the study were generally obtained that there was no failure of exclusive breastfeeding in Pasirido village. The knowledge factor chi square test results obtained p = 0.18 and attitudes p = 0.09. The value of these two factors is p> 0.05, so it is concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge and attitude towards the failure of exclusive breastfeeding in the village of Pasirido. Suggestion: health education about maternal and child health is carried out continuously and scheduled with different material. New mothers immediately give exclusive breastfeeding


The spin-wave stiffness D of a series of ferromagnetic iron-aluminium and iron-gallium alloys has been measured by the neutron small-angle scattering technique. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of both a localized moment model and a simple band model, and it is found that both models are in fair agreement with the experimental measurements. The results of the fit to the band model suggest that in the iron-aluminium alloys the aluminium does not donate electrons to the 3d band of the alloy, while in the iron-gallium alloys each gallium atom contributes about one electron, which enters predominantly the spin-up sub-band.


Human nature has been molded by its interactions with animals, and these have played an essential role in the development of human societies by providing material, instrumental, and emotional resources. Despite the undeniable importance of animals in different aspects of human life, the scientific community has neglected the study of the interaction between human and other species until recently. This was the focus of interest of the anthrozoology: young interdisciplinary science devoted in the study of the interactions between human beings and animals. Anthrozoology has received a growing interest since its origin, little longer than thirty years ago, with a steady increase in its developments and publications. We performed a review of the scientific literature and present the development of a thematic group which comprehends five areas: (1) Involved evolutionary factors, (2) Developmental and learning processes, (3) Associated cultural, collective, and individual factors, (4) Health and well-being, and (5) Animals in the human family. Also, we discuss the anthrozoology developments according to its relevance and usage in health professionals' clinical practice.


Firstly, the Co-doped b-Ni OOH was synthesized by using Co-doped b-Ni(OH)2as precursor, K2S2O8 as oxidizer. Then b-Ni0.9Co0.1OOH was used as precursor, and Li OH·H2O solid-phase was sintered in the air to get Li Ni0.9Co0.1O2. The crystal structure and electrochemical performance of the two cathode materials were analyzed by XRD, SEM, CV and discharge testing.


Abstract The influence of institutions in economic growth has been widely discussed in economic literature. But, the success of these institutions is largely determined by the degree of accountability and of corruption. Institutional failure is less likely if clear responsibilities and accountabilities are shouldered by those who have accepted the responsibility to carry out governance functions, at whatever level in the institution. Many authors argue that one possible solution to these problems, and others like them, lies in improving institutional transparency. Institutional transparency is the basis of good economic governance and the first step in improving accountability and fighting corruption. In this light, the present article considers the role of institutions in economic growth. The article also discusses how the lack of transparency hampers economic growth and how better institutional transparency leads to undermine economic growth. Finally, the article highlights action steps for improving transparency in the functioning of institutions. The present work reveals that improved institutional transparency is certainly needed, but policymakers also need to be clear and careful about the sort of information about an issue, its treatment, and costs to those stakeholders who can least afford it.


This talk gives a brief account of the development of particle theory from the Yukawa meson to the quark model before the prevalence of gauge theories. An emphasis will be laid on the interplay of particle theory and field theory.


Pumping (extraction, purge) wells in the waste may be proposed as part of the design of new landfills to backup the leachate underdrain system. These wells are intended to control the leachate mound after there has been a failure of the underdrain system. Pumping wells in the waste have also been proposed to reduce the height in old landfills that are not engineered with a leachate underdrain system. Equations are developed herein for use in estimating the well radius/spacing required to control the leachate mound to a specified level for a number of different assumed conditions and hence can be used to aid the design engineer in assessing the viability of pumping wells in the waste as a leachate control measure. The equations consider the hydraulic conductivity of the waste and the percolation through the cover. It is shown that leakage through the landfill base can be readily considered provided that the leakage through the base is less than 80% of the percolation into the landfill. Anisotropy of the wa...


In this study, a detailed investigation has been conducted to understand the contamination characteristics and distributions of heavy metal pollution in terms of contributions of the heavy metal concentrations as mg/kg of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Fe and Mn in the urban soil in Eskişehir city center. The amount of these heavy metals were determined from 15 soil sample points collected within urban area and every sample point included 6 separated samples for chemical analyses. The results indicated that concentration values of all metals except Ni and Cr in soils were below the risky limit pollution values. Spatial distribution maps were created and recoded, in terms of these heavy metals concentrations as contribution to heavy metal pollution in soil, through Geographical Information Systems techniques.


There is an increasing demand for efficient, reliable and compact diode-pumped solid-state laser sources in both the continuous-wave and pulsed operation regimes. In the 1 μm spectral range, Yb3+-doped gain media are ideally suited as the absorption band is covered by highpower InGaAs laser diodes. Moreover, the very simple electronic configuration of Yb3+, based on two multiplets, reduces the number of parasitic spectroscopic processes and provides a low quantum defect, reducing the thermal effects. Finally, depending on the host, Yb-doped materials exhibit broad emission bands that enable the production of femtosecond pulses in the mode-locked regime. This thesis investigates two extremely promising groups of doubles tungstate crystals as laser media; the monoclinic double tungstates KT(WO4)2 and the tetragonal double tungstates NaT(WO4)2 , where T is a trivalent metal or rare-earth cation. The potential of monoclinic double tungstates as laser materials has not only recently be confirmed by the scientific community. As a matter of fact, the strong anisotropy of the monoclinic double tungstates results in the cumulation of the favorable features, a large and broad emission cross section particularly, for one crystal orientation. Moreover, some of these crystals can advantageously tolerate extremely high doping concentration up to the stoichiometric level (100% doping), indicating potential development of exceptionally thin active structures. The anisotropy of their thermo-mechanical properties introduces, however, some limitations and actually prevented till recently the manufacture of advantageous composite structure. In this thesis, laser experiments based on several of such composite structures are performed for the first time. In particular, composite geometries including planar waveguides and composite thin disk were studied and slope efficiencies close to the theoretical limit were achieved. Such structures were also investigated for passive mode-locking and pulse durations as short as 66 fs were notably obtained with a diode-pumped diffusion bonded Yb:KY(WO4)2 /KY(WO4)2 crystal. This corresponds to the shortest pulse ever achieved with monoclinic double tungstate lasers and any Yb laser based on a composite crystal. With Ti:sapphire laser pumping and external compression, the pulse duration could be even further shortened to 62 fs. The other group of crystals investigated, the tetragonal double tungstates, are characterized by a local disorder. Thus, when doped with rare-earth ions, the transition cross sections exhibit significant inhomogeneous broadening leading to broad and smooth absorption and emission bands. This denotes, on one hand, relaxed requirements for diode pumping and, on the other hand, a high potential for ultrashort pulse generation. For the first time, continuous-wave laser operation has been investigated with Yb:NaY(WO4)2 and a slope efficiency of nearly 70 % has been achieved. The pulse duration in the passive mode-locked regime was as short as 53 fs, which corresponds to one of the shortest pulse generated from any Yb laser.


The early identification of ocular disease (OD) detection is essential in preventing complete blindness. Although much information is available online, ophthalmologists have valuable information to diagnose the condition. Still, it also creates many challenges due to the increase in the variation in fundus images. The diagnosis of disease using hand-crafted techniques on a manual basis is time-consuming. It is unsuitable in countries like India, where the blind population is approximately 16 million. In this paper, we proposed an approach to diagnose OD automatically, where detection was done in two steps. The MobileNet architecture is used for feature extraction since it is suitable for smartphone/iPhone users those does not have computer systems at home. The architecture is faster than other available architectures, such as VGG and RESNET. The network was trained on the data of over 3500 patients and tested over 1500 patients giving an accuracy of 95.68% when validated.


This paper is focused on describing how to calculate voltage surges caused by vacuum circuit breaker interruption in an air-core armature winding. The method developed is based on a simplified lumped parameter model of the winding and a simplified model of vacuum circuit breaker behavior. It is necessary to estimate the surge voltage distribution and turn-to-turn insulation requirement to obtain a rational design before such a winding can be designed and built. In this study the Fast Fourier Transform method is used to compute the surge voltage waveform. The 10 MVA superconducting generator built at MIT for the Department of Energy is used as an example.


The carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in an exoplanet atmosphere has been suggested as a potential diagnostic of planet formation. Now that a number of exoplanets have measured C/O ratios, it is possible to examine this diagnostic at a population level. Here, we present an analysis of currently measured C/O ratios of directly imaged and transit/eclipse planets. First, we derive atmospheric parameters for the substellar companion HD 284149 AB b using data taken with the OSIRIS integral field spectrograph at the W.M. Keck Observatory and report two non-detections from our ongoing imaging spectroscopy survey with Keck/OSIRIS. We find an effective temperature of T eff = 2502 K, with a range of 2291–2624 K, logg=4.52 , with a range of 4.38–4.91, and [M/H] = 0.37, with a range of 0.10–0.55. We derive a C/O of 0.59−0.30+0.15 for HD 284149 AB b. We add this measurement to the list of C/O ratios for directly imaged planets and compare them with those from a sample of transit/eclipse planets. We also derive the first dynamical mass estimate for HD 284149 AB b, finding a mass of ∼28 M Jup. There is a trend in C/O ratio with companion mass (M Jup), with a break seen around 4 M Jup. We run a Kolmogorov–Smirnov and an Anderson–Darling test on planets above and below this mass boundary, and find that they are two distinct populations. This could be additional evidence of two distinct populations possibly having two different formation pathways, with companion mass as an indicator of most likely formation scenario.


Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, carries a high morbidity and mortality and has no specific treatment. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is considered the gold standard for assessment of unconsciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury against which other scale are compared to overcome the disadvantages of GCS.
Materials & Methods: This is Prospective Observational comparative study was conducted in total 128 who admitted with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Department of General Surgery, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar during the period from November 2016 to November 2018.
Results: A total of 128 (112 males) patients were included in the study. Among SMS, 0 is highly sensitive (72.22%), 2 is highly specific (80.43%). In GCS score < 8 was highly sensitive (97.22%) & GCS score 9 - 12 was highly specific (82.61%). In this study Marshall CT score of 4 - 6 (group II) has mortality 43.55% & CT score 1 - 3 (group I) was 13.64%. Where as in Rotterdam CT score was significant mortality with score 4 - 6 (group II) was 56.25% & CT score of 1 - 3 (group I) was 24.11%. In FOUR score with GCS, on 1 day with FOUR score 13 - 16 (group IV) has 5.56%, day 3, 13 - 16 (group IV) has 3.45%, day 7, 13 - 16 (group IV) has 3.13% & day 21, 13 - 16 (group IV) only 3.45% has mortality rate.
Conclusion: if SMS is high there is more chance of survival, this helps in patients immediate segregation of patients in casualty. Also conclude that FOUR score has a high degree of internal consistency & is an accurate predictor of Mortality and neurologic outcome in TBI patients.

Keywords: Simplified Motor Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, Marshall CT, Rotterdam CT, FOUR scale.


Traffic congestion is an outcome of interaction between physical facilities and complicated social economic system.The mechanism to form the traffic congestion was analyzed.A system dynamics model for traffic congestion problem in cities was developed.Based on the Vensim,the traffic congestion problem was simulated.As a case study,the future trend of population,transportation,and traffic congestion was forecast for 2007-2020 in Shanghai.The inherent mechanism and mutual relationship among each subsystem in traffic congestion problem were also analyzed.


The efforts of Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander to document the vascular plant, bryophyte, fungal, algal, and lichen flora of Madeira during the first circumnavigation of James Cook on Her Majesty's Bark Endeavour (1768-1771) are documented. Banks's journal (at the State Library of New South Wales, Australia) provides accounts pertinent to the species observed in this visit and also includes a list of 330 entries that were recorded during their stay in this Portuguese island. Where possible, the species documented in this list were matched with corresponding herbarium collections held in the herbarium of the Natural History Museum, London, where the herbarium of Joseph Banks is now housed. Comparisons were made with two documents also housed in this Museum, namely: Solander's unpublished flora of Madeira (Primitiae Florae Maderensis, sive catalogus Plantarum in Insula Madera) and an inventory of specimens that were collected and stored inside drying books during the expedition.


The apoptotic signaling pathway designates a set of biochemical reactions involved in programmed cell death. One of the triggering mechanisms of apoptosis is the binding of death ligands to death receptors on the cell membrane, a known stimulus for the activation of the so-called extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway. Stimulation by death ligands results in an important variability in cell response dynamics that elicits differing fates: cell survival or cell death. To understand the hallmarks of this cell fate decision and the heterogeneity of cell response, a system of ordinary differential equations based on mass-action rate laws was implemented to represent the reactions at the receptor level and evaluate the cell dynamics in response to anticancer drugs.


Offline analysis and reconstruction programs are controlled and configured using the DØ y offline framework package. This package incorporates many object-oriented techniques and patterns to make it highly extensible in terms of algorithms and operational characteristics with very low coupling to outside packages. Activities and algorithms are run-time configurable without recompilation. Several subsystems work together to provide the execution environment: a dynamic algorithm registration system, grouping and sequencing components for state machine-like behavior, a user extendible, dynamic message distribution system, and a high level control interface. A set of interactive components that make use of multithreading are being developed along with a CORBA ORB for distributed operation, mixed language use, and support of other services such as database interactions.


Pension age population and children belong to the largest risk group within insurance sphere. While the Georgia State Health Insurance Program for pension age population includes some compensation for medicines, medical insurance does not provide guarantee for financial accessibility to medical service. Healthcare for pensioners often represents catastrophic expenses and has become the major reason for their impoverishment. The most rapidly increasing and unaffordable share of health care expenses falls upon medicines. The annual limit for medicines defined by the state is low (100 GEL, with 50% co-payment). The majority of those interviewed (64%) have exceeded this limit by at least 50 GEL (about 28.5 USD). Almost 33% of the insured population cannot afford to buymedications prescribed by their doctors, highlighting low accessibility to medicines and the need for major changes to the insurance program.

Universal insurance requires large amount of financial resources that represent heavy burden for low-income countries. State financing should concentrate on high-risk beneficiaries such as pensioners who are threatened by poverty and social inequities without this kind of support. It would be sensible to expand the insurance program for the above population groups and also provide more reasonable coverage of medication expenses.


Large-area landslides occur in area A,the northwest in Shibao Iron Mine.It causes serious influence on production.Through filed survey,main reason is the interaction between a big fault F16 and two joints J1 and J2 in the slope.Thus the control measures including cutting slope and reducing load are put forward,through analysis verification using FLAC3D numerical simulation.The treatment scheme with outside push 32 meters is concluded,which has certain references for slope treatment.


This article aims to discuss recent developments in Turkey's Middle East policy. After a brief historical background of Turkey's relations with the region, it focuses on understanding the change in terms of both the level and nature of involvement in the region. Within that context, the article looks at systemic/structural as well as ideational and domestic politics explanations. Then the current policy is discussed through its three elements: improvement of relations with neighbors, characterized as "zero problems with neighbors policy"; eagerness to play third party roles in regional conflicts; attempts to increase economic interdependence with the region. Through the discussion of these cases the article attempts to discuss the possibilities and limitations of Turkey's new engagement.


With the rapid development of information network,internet enters all aspects of our social life. Since the students are the major type of people who get in touch most often with the internet,the idealogical educational work twards them is full of challenges and chaces.In this article,the writes are trying to analyze the influence of internet on the students from both positive and negative sides,aiming at strengthening the internet idealogical educational work,reinforcing the guidance towards the students and making full use of internet to ensure the healthy development of the students.


HOW DO YOU KNOW a good Web site when you see one? As creator of his organization's Internet gateway, Charles Reynolds is wonderfully candid about his Web experiences—including details about how the first design was "flamed." Fortunately out of the ashes he has come up with some very clear do's and don'ts, points he amplifies with numerous illustrations.


Elite female karatekas should have specific morphological characteristics suitable for their specializations. This study aimed to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and body composition of female karatekas according to different specializations. This study consisted of a total of 15 female karatekas divided according to specialization in kumite (fighting) and kata (form or movement pattern) disciplines. The subject sample included healthy, female senior karatekas, with no prior injuries divided into kumite (n-8, 22.75±4.65 years) and kata (n-7, 22.00±4.58 years) athletes. Morphological characteristics and body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables: body height (BH), body mass (BM), triceps skinfold (TS), biceps skinfold (BiS), back skinfold (BS), abdominal skinfold (AS), upper leg skinfold (UlS), lower leg skinfold (LlS), body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (FP), and muscle mass percentages (MP). Based on the t-test for small independent samples, findings showed that female kata and kumite karatekas do not have different morphological characteristics. Although there was no difference in morphological characteristics, for more complete conclusions an analysis should be performed on a larger sample of elite female karate athletes.


Abstract This article presents a descriptive study about social workers' advance directive communication practices with hospitalized elderly patients at several hospitals located in upstate New York. The sample consisted of 29 social workers. The research surveyed advance directive communication practices by utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. Advance directive communication was operationalized as a cumulative process incorporating the following phases, which were measured as scales: initiation of the topic, disclosure of information, identification of a surrogate decision-maker, discussion of treatment options, elicitation of patient values, interaction with family members, and collaboration with other health care professionals. Results suggest that social workers frequently and comprehensively address the phases of the advance directive communication process in their practices with hospitalized elderly patients. Implications for the role of social workers as members of the interdisciplinary health care team are addressed.


In the era of big data, the development of mobile Internet and the popularization of mobile terminals have formed massive mobile trajectory data. Reasonable usage of the data will greatly improve the service quality and experience of end users. To analyze hidden activity patterns of end-user in the data, big data query is an important operation and how to enhance the query efficiency remains a challenge issue. However, different data analysis approaches have different applications in different fields, and it is necessary to mine hidden data relationships. In addition, query time is one of important factors to evaluate query efficiency, some researches however mainly focus on query result rather than evaluating query efficiency through multiple contrast approaches. To address these issues, an ontology-based modeling and semantic query strategy for mobile trajectory data is investigated in this paper. First, we respectively employ cosine similarity, point-wise mutual information (PMI) and containment probability model to mine association relationship and containment relationship hidden in the data. Subsequently, an ontology-based model is built to visualize end-user's activity through taxonomy and comparison approaches. Finally, four semantic query methods, e.g., basic query, join query, containment query and combination (join & containment) query, are defined through SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) to evaluate query time, and the query efficiency achieved by these investigations has been demonstrated through the conducted experiments.


The present invention relates to a phytospingosine derivative generated by a condensation reaction of phytospingosine and maltose or lactose, which is an aldose-based disaccharide, and to a composition containing the same. The phytospingosine derivative of the present invention has high solubility in water compared with phytospingosine, is easy to formulate since the stabilization problem in a solution is solved, and maintains or further enhances the antibacterial effect of phytospingosine.


Using a new measure of the strength of gender stereotypes defined at the individual level and based on responses to a survey conducted with more than 4,500 Italian women in July 2020, we show that women with stronger stereotypes are more likely to state that they know a victim of violence but are not more likely to state that violence (physical or psychological) is widespread in their area of residence. They are also more likely to rank behaviours meant to control a victim's interpersonal contacts and access to financial resources as more serious than physically and sexually violent behaviours and to justify violent acts using distressing, event-specific circumstances (e.g., a period of economic distress) rather than the deep-seated psychological issues of the attackers. Finally, when personal stereotyping is stronger, respondents are more likely to suggest that a hypothetical victim of violence either not react to or deal directly with the partner rather than look for formal help. Using different controls for the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the respondents' personal and economic lives does not affect our main findings.


The present invention relates to a process of converting coal as raw material in the process of ammonia, in particular a high pressure feed coal as "atmospheric fixed bed" batch gasification of ammonia whole low temperature shift process. The present invention solves the conventional "atmospheric fixed bed" gasification ammonia conversion step batch processes and low pressure "medium - low", "medium - low - Low" problem caused by transformation temperature. The feed gas pressure of the gas conversion process comprising a step for transforming the first and second reaction furnace conversion, converting all of the steps of 3.0-4.0MPa, a first shift converter inlet temperature is 210 ~ 250 ℃, second transform inlet gas temperature of 200 ~ 230 ℃; all transform process using a high structural stability hydrolyzed sulfur-tolerant shift catalyst function. The process of making apparatus ammonia system volume is greatly reduced; improved conversion efficiency of converting the reaction product. The process for China to "atmospheric fixed bed" intermittent gasification process to produce ammonia fertilizer for small and medium enterprises of great significance.


The use of agrochemicals in agriculture aiming at increasing productivity is still very intense in Brazil due to the efficiency of these substances in the control and combat of pests that plague the plantations. Currently, there is great concern about the presence of these residues in food and soils due to their indiscriminate use. Coffee is a widely consumed product in Brazil and its cultivation is characterized by the use of large quantities of agrochemicals. The objective of this work was to evaluate coffee and soil samples from the coffee crop of the Venda Nova do Imigrante/ES region in order to quantify the presence of the chlorpyrifos pesticide using the methods of extraction by QuEChERS and ESL-PBT and analysis by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The methods QuEChERS and ESL-PBT were tested for the extraction of chlorpyrifos agrotoxic in samples of coffee beans and soil at a depth of 5 and 15 cm. The GC/MS analysis method was developed and validated and used to quantify possible residues in the samples analyzed. The analyzes were performed by fortification with 2,0 mL of a 40,000 mg.L -1 working solution prepared from the pesticide standard. However, for the analysis in the samples in question the method could not identify the presence of the same.


A liquid scintillator having an area of five square meters has been developed for the observation of the extensive air showers in cosmic rays. The scintillating liquid, in the form of a disk 10 ft in diameter and 6 in. deep, is viewed by a single 14‐in. Dumont type K1328 photomultiplier tube. The associated circuitry provides a gate whose length is proportional to the logarithm of the scintillator pulse height over a range in pulse height of 2000:1. The length of this gate can be either measured and recorded on a Berkeley EPUT timing meter or converted linearly to a pulse height and analyzed by a multichannel discriminator.


This paper describes the approach used to solve in-house the structure of human IBA57 through 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid (I3C) high energy remote SAD-phasing. Multiple orientations of the same triclinic crystal have been exploited to acquire sufficient real data multiplicity for phasing. It is described how the collection of an in-house native dataset and its joint use with the I3C derivative through a SIRAS approach decreases the data multiplicity needed by almost 50%. Furthermore, it is illustrated that there is a clear data multiplicity threshold value for success and failure in phasing and how adding further data does not significantly affect substructure solution and model building. To our knowledge, this is the only structure present in the PDB which has been solved in-house, through remote SAD, in space group P1 and using one crystal only. All raw data used, deriving from the different orientations, have been deposited to Zenodo (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.2531553) in order to enable software developers to improve methods for data processing and structure solution and for educational purposes.


The financial supervision and administrative is kind of govemmental action corresponding to the market's spontaneous movement. Being an component part of the administrative authority,it is an administrative action. The relations effecting between the financial body and some other organizations and some other related subjects must be that of administrative and law.


A research survey was undertaken to study the 'Scientists' Purpose of Visiting E‐Journal Sites'. The geographic boundary of this research study consists of 16 prominent aerospace organizations of Bangalore. The age‐group of this study is between 21‐60 years. The occupation category of this sample population has been broadly classified into, (a) Scientific / R&D, (b) Armed Forces, (c) Teaching, and (d) Manager. The broad areas of specialization of the Aerospace Scientists and Engineers have been classified into (a) Thermal and Fluid Sciences, (b) Avionics, Guidance and Control, (c) Aerospace Structures and Allied
Mechanical Sciences, (d) Materials and Metallurgy, (e) Flight Operations and other Allied Disciplines, and (f) General Engineering and Support Sciences. The major conclusions that the authors would like to highlight in this study are: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied for testing the significant difference among the 16 mean scores attained from the scientists and engineers of the aerospace organizations for the 'Purpose of visit to e‐journal sites'. It is observed that all the 16
aerospace organizations show a significant difference (P < 0.05) in their mean scores viz., 'Search bibliographic information', 'Browse the table of contents (TOC)', 'Browse only Abstracts', 'Access the full text of articles', 'For gathering research information', 'Facilitate teaching', Keep updated in your subject', 'Writing proposals, reports, thesis etc.', 'Prepare for technical presentations'.


Introduction. The problem of neutralization/decontamination of medical waste generated in medical institutions occupies a significant place among the existing epidemiological and environmental problems. Domestic and foreign colleagues consider the use of thermal methods for the disposal of medical waste to be a priority. Despite technological advances in the system of purification of «exhaust» gases, the work of enterprises for the disposal of medical waste is still of concern to the population of the territories in which they operate.
The objective of the study. The assessment of the impact of low-temperature and high-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste on the atmospheric air and public health in the zone of their influence to substantiate the laboratory control program using these technologies.
Materials and methods. The work used sanitary-chemical methods for studying emissions from installations for the thermal treatment of medical waste, modelling the dispersion of emissions with the calculation of ground-level concentrations, and the methodology for assessing the risk to public health based on «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health from exposure to chemicals polluting the environment».
Results. The results of the calculation of the carcinogenic risk to public health from high-temperature neutralization technologies are assessed as the maximum allowable and acceptable, from the low-temperature method as acceptable.
Limitations. Emissions from the main technologies for the disposal of medical waste included substances with a carcinogenic effect, but the carcinogenic risk was calculated only for those substances that had a carcinogenic potential factor.
Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, when managing production laboratory control programs and monitoring atmospheric air in the impact zone of medical waste incineration enterprises, it is necessary to include the such components in the mandatory list of monitored indicators as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended solids, cadmium oxide, nitrogen oxide, dioxins, and benz/a/pyrene; in the operating area of installations for low-temperature thermal treatment of medical waste (autoclaving), it is necessary to control chemical components as follows: benzene, dimethylbenzene, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, 2-butoxyethanol, butan-1-ol, propan-1-ol.


Introduction. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease and the most common cyanotic heart defect in children. It is clinically characterized by a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta over ventricular septal defect and right ventricular hypertrophy. There is little or no information about the oral manifestations in patients with this pathology. A report and discussion of a pediatric patient diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot, its clinical manifestations, oral findings and dental management are presented. Case Report. A four-year-old male patient diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot and epileptic attacks. The patient has deciduous teeth with many severe early childhood caries, stomatitis and cyanotic mucous, radicular remains, periapical abscess and noticeable enamel hypoplasia. Conclusions. In agreement with other authors, children with systemic diseases such as Tetralogy of Fallot have a higher rate of caries, poor oral hygiene, high susceptibility to other infections and bacterial endocarditis, cyanotic mucous membranes and enamel hypoplasia. Primary prevention is critical, proper dental hygiene, regular dental check-ups and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis are particularly important, especially in high-risk patients.


Most end-of-life care situations that neurologists mediate in intensive care units (ICUs) involve surrogate decision-makers for patients who have lost their capacity to make—or even weigh in on—such decisions. While a decision to limit life-sustaining treatment is optimally shared between a patient's medical team and family, practical difficulties often complicate this dynamic.1 Surrogates are understandably emotionally wrought and often are unsure of the patient's own wishes for prioritizing prolongation of life vs pursuing comfort measures. Efforts of a medical team to communicate with and educate surrogates on a patient's disease and prognosis may be ineffective. Moreover, a neurologist's personal or cultural background may exert a strong influence on the extent and manner to which he or she involves families in end-of-life decision-making, especially when conflict arises. Data have been published on international variations of the degree to which physicians involve families in such decisions.2 However, data specific to neurologists and ICU shared decision-making remain sparse.


This paper introduced the studying general situation of feed mechanism in our country and a few typical seed mechanisms working principal and performance characteristic were contrast analyzed. It was provided design manufacture and sculpt match of rice direct seeder with reference.


UMBİLİCAL ARTERY DOPPLER VELOCİMETRY İN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH IRON DEFİCİENCY ANEMIA Obiective: To detect possible fetoplacental vascular compromise by Doppler velocimetry in pregnant vvomen with iron deficiency anemia and to compare the outcomes of pregnancies in vvomen vvith and vvithout iron deficiency anemia. Methods: 78 vvomen vvith mild iron deficiency anemia Hb: 9.97±0.7 gr/dl, ferritin 9.6±2.1 ugr/L and 156 vvomen vvith normal Hb and ferritin values were evaluated vvith Doppler ultrasonography in the second and third trimester and the outcomes of pregnancies were prospectively evaluated at birth. Ali the cases had adequate nutrition, were nonsmokers and did not consume alcohol or narcotic drugs. Results: Four vvomen in the study group had pathological indices in Doppler velocimetry, one having intrauterine grovvth retardation, tvvo preterm birth, vvhile in the control group, 9 had pathological indices, resulting in two intrauterine grovvth retardation, three preterm births and tvvo vvith meconium aspiration. The Doppler results and adverse outcome rates were not significantly different from the control group (p for both>0.05). Conclusion: Mild iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy as objectively demonstrated by Doppler study does not cause fetoplacental vascular insufficiency that may lead to intrauterine grovvth retardation or preterm birth. Key VVords: Doppler, İron Deficiency Anemia; Pregnancy.


Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive organism, is responsible for numerous infections ranging in severity from skin and soft tissue infections to endocarditis and septic arthritis. Further, Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) caused by enterotoxigenic staphylococci is one of the main food-borne diseases. In this study, several single-seed origin clonal lines of herbs from Lamiaceae family were screened for antimicrobial applications against S. aureus. These clonal lines have consistent total phenolic content, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity as opposed to heterogenous phenolic profiles of typical herbal extracts. The clonal extracts of specific herb species were evaluated for anti- S. aureus activity. Water extracts of clonal lemon balm had the highest anti- S. aureus activity followed by clonal extracts of rosemary RoLA, sage, oregano, rosemary Ro-6, rosemary RoK-2 and chocolate mint. The anti- S. aureus activity of the water extracts correlated with gallic acid and caffeic acid content, which in pure form showed high anti- S. aureus activity. Based on the rationale that gallic acid and caffeic acid were likely proline analogs affecting proline oxidation, the countering effect of proline to overcome their anti- S. aureus activity was evaluated. Results indicated proline can overcome the inhibitory effects of gallic acid and caffeic acid. These results point to the likely role of phenolic oxidation via proline dehydrogenase, which could be an important target for inhibition by phenolic phytochemicals behaving as proline analog mimics. This mode of regulation by phenolics at the bacterial proline dehydrogenase in the plasma membrane may be an important antimicrobial defense in plants and has consequences for disruption of critical energy metabolism of invading bacterial pathogen. This rationale could be used to design new antimicrobial strategies against S. aureus and other relevant bacterial pathogens.


1. Soft metals are of service to man in many ways, extended use following each advance in knowledge. The present investigation had its origin in an attempt to account analytically for the many apparently irreconcilable properties exhibited by right circular cylinders of soft copper when subjected to appreciable strain under heavy crushing loads. During the course of the work it became clear that if advance at all were to be made general methods of analysis would require to be adopted ; and that results forthcoming would be applicable to materials, of a similar nature, other than the one directly used as a standard of comparison. The presentation of the subject matter has accordingly been arranged to give prominence to theoretical and rational aspects, references to experiment being rather for comparison than for support to the argument. Two publications will be found of service in the present connection, the one illustrative of a cogent point in the theory, the other descriptive of practice. They will be referred to as I, and II, respectively.


Objective:To explore the significance of detecting HBV pre S1 and HBV DNA.Methods:The levels of HBsAg?HBsAb?HBeAg?HBeAb?HBcAb and pre S1 were observed with ELISA.The HBV DNA was amplified with PCR.Results:The positive rates of pre S1 to HBsAg?HBeAg?HBeAb and HBcAb were 24.1%,29.4%,14.4% and 20.6%,respectively.In HBV cases,and the HBV DNAs are 56.7%,100%,12.4% and 48.5%,respectively.In the high duplication group,the pre S1s rate was 29.4%,the HBV DNAs was 100%.In the low duplication group,the pre S1s and HBV DNAs were 19.2% and 16.4%,respectively.In the control group,pre S1 and HBV DNA were all negative.Conclusions:Theres significant relevent of HBV DNA and the degree of HBV duplication.The detection power of pre S1 in HBV cases is low.


Objective To summarize the experience of locating ureteral calculi by delayed filling of involved ureter from 4h to 48h after intravenous urography (IVU) and carrying out extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) under X-ray in patients with renal colic. Methods Thirty-nine patients with acute renal colic, who were found light hydronephrosis by B-ultrasound but not calculi by KUB, were underwent IVU. In 60 min the involved kidneys were not filled with contrast medium or appeared as renal parenchyma visualization. As the ureteral spasm was relieved, renal parenchyma visualization and the following filling of pelvis and ureter above the calculi were observed under X-ray from 4h to 48h after IVU. Then the ureteral calcali were located and lithotritized by ESWL. IVU and B-ultrasound were re-examined after the calculi were discharged to determine whether the involved renal function recovered.Results The calculi of all the 39 patients, which were located poorly or impossibly by IVU, could be quickly located by delayed filling from 4h to 48h after IVU and lithotritized. During lithotripsy contrast medium could be seen clearly to pass the obstruction. Renal colic symptom remissed quickly. All the patients discharged the calculi in 2 weeks. Twenty-three of them re-examined IVU from 2 weeks to 3 months after dischargement and the involved kidneys and ureter were showed no problem.Conclusions The un-filled kidneys caused by acute obstructive ureteral calcali can be filled with contrast medium from 4h to 48h after IVU. Then the obstructive calculi can be located and lithotritized by ESWL, which can remiss the clinical symptom promptly and relieve the obstruction.


In this paper, we analyze the impact of a friendly unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) jammer on UAV communications in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. We first present channel components determined by the line-of-sight (LoS) probability between the friendly UAV jammer and the ground device, and introduce different channel fadings for LoS and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) links. We then derive the secrecy transmission probability satisfying both constraints of legitimate and wiretap channels. We also analyze the secrecy transmission probability in the presence of randomly distributed multiple friendly UAV jammers. Finally, we show the existence of the optimal UAV jammer location, and the impact of the density of eavesdroppers, the transmission power of the UAV jammer, and the density of UAV jammers on the optimal location.


INTRODUCTION:   The deadliest combination of the two devastating and killer disease TB & HIV has been closely linked since the emergence of AIDS contributing the progress and pathogenecity of each other, and As half of the HIV  patients are likely to be infected with tuberculosis, the twin challenge of this "CURSED DUET" seems to be daunting 1 . There has been increase rate of DR TB, MDR TB, XDR TB, which are difficult to treat and contribute to increase mortality. In a developing country like India, the potential extra burden of new tuberculosis cases attributable to HIV is staggering and could overwhelm the already stretched tuberculosis budgets and support services. AIMS & OBJECTIVES:  To study and co-relate clinical and radiological features of  Pulmonary TB in HIV positive patients, comparision with degree of immunosuppression. To compare the CD 4 T-cell count and sputum status before and after ATT treatment completion. MATERIALS & METHODS: This is a prospective cohort  study  conducted on 51 patients admitted to Department of Pulmonary Medicine, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack from September 2011 to august 2013.  The patients included in the study were all TB patients of age >15 years with strong clinical suspicion of HIV/AIDS. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed either with sputum smear positive or Chest x-ray. When EPTB was suspected as a possible diagnosis, every attempt was made to procure tissue/relevant body fluid for diagnostic testing. Rapid tests are in vitro qualitative tests for the detection of antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) types 1 &2 in human serum, plasma, whole blood, urine, saliva  was used for diagnosis of HIV. Patients with only extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis and no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and Patients with PCP, fungal infection and sepsis were not included because these conditions cause lymphopenia and decreases CD 4 T-cell count. RESULTS: Out of these 51 patients, most of the HIV-TB co-infected patients (62.5%) were seen among sexually active age group of 25-44 yrs. 92% of the patients were male and 8% were females. Most frequently encountered symptoms were fever(78.5%), cough (72.5%), loss of appetite(68.5%) and loss of weight(66.5%). Most common non-respiratory sign was pallor (67%), oral thrush(21.5%), lymphadenopathy(17.5%) and most common respiratory sign was crepitations (49%). B/L involvement was seen in 55% cases. About 74.5% cases were moderately or far advanced disease on the chest radiograph. The typical radiological findings of post primary TB, i.e. upper zone infiltrate, fibrosis and cavities were found in 25%, 4% and 6% cases respectively. Pleural effusion was detected in 10%, pneumothorax in 2% and hydropneumothorax in 2% cases. In our case 33% of the patients had CD4 count 0-50, 27.5% had CD4 count 51-100, 19.5% had CD4 count 101-150, 12% had CD4 count 151-200 and only 8% had CD4 count above 200. Comparing CD4 count with radiological findings infiltration and military tuberculosis were distributed over all ranges of CD4 counts. Cavitary lesions were more in CD4 count above 100. Overall sputum positive PTB was 74.5% and sputum negative PTB was 25.5%. Treatment outcome in sputum positive patients were cured in 63%, death in 23.5%, failure in 8% and defaulter in 5.5%. In patients with sputum smear negative PTB treatment completed were 69.5%, death occurred in 15.5%, defaulter and failure was seen in 7.5% each. CONCLUSION: Treatment of HIV-TB co infection requires strong commitment and a focused approach. A strong coordination between the national TB and AIDS control programmes is required for effective management of TB-HIV patients.


Naskapi and Montagnais families segregating for albumin Naskapi give evidence for close linkage of the Gc and albumin loci with a high probability. One possible case of crossover is included in the data.


We present a novel method to separate specular reflection from a single image. Separating an image into diffuse and specular components is an ill-posed problem due to lack of observations. Existing methods rely on a specular-free image to detect and estimate specularity, which however may confuse diffuse pixels with the same hue but a different saturation value as specular pixels. Our method is based on a novel observation that for most natural images the dark channel can provide an approximate specular-free image. We also propose a maximum a posteriori formulation which robustly recovers the specular reflection and chromaticity despite of the hue-saturation ambiguity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on real and synthetic examples. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in separating specular reflection.


HIV affects children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) disproportionately to the rest of the world. In 2009 there were 2.3 million children (aged 0-14 years) living with HIV in SSA, roughly 92% of the global total. With such high numbers of HIV-positive children, it is critical to understand the sources and impacts of HIV on children. However, currently, there are few data on the prevalence of HIV and associated disease patterns in children under the age of 15 in SSA. Most infected children are believed to have acquired HIV perinatally from their HIV-positive mothers and global and national HIV estimates in children generally are extrapolated from data on pregnant women using mathematical models. Whilst some studies have found evidence of horizontal HIV transmission in children (1-3), these studies often used non-representative samples or were conducted in highly localised areas.


This paper presents a numeric control system based on human machine interface(HMI),ARM and motion control chip.The system consists of three parts,such as monitoring,motion controlling and driving.And with those function parts,it can accomplish linear interpolation,circular interpolation,bit pattern interpolation and continuous interpolation,etc..It also can process high-precision products by combining all types of interpolation.Moreover,by using touch screen and ARM instead of traditional PC,in other words,using MCX314AS instead of PC_BASED motion control chip,its structure and cost are improved,it can also implement human-machine communication and control information transfer.The operating results show a higher stability and reliability.


The Orlicz ( \(\ell\)2,\(\ell\)1)-mixed inequality of integers and fractional dimensions who states that, with a bit of extend,

for all sequences of bilinear forms AL: \(\mathbb{K}\)n x \(\mathbb{K}\)n  \(\rightarrow\) \(\mathbb{K}\) and all positive integers n, where  \(\mathbb{K}\)n denotes  \(\mathbb{R}\)n or  \(\mathbb{C}\)n endowed with the supremum norm. For that we follow D.Núñez-Alarcón, D. Pellegrino, and D. Serrano-Rodríguez [1]] to extend this inequality to series of multilinear forms, with \(\mathbb{K}\)n endowed with \(\ell\)1+ \(\epsilon\) norms for all successive gradually of the general 0 ≤ ϵ ≤ ∞.


Core body temperature is tightly regulated by thermoregulatory defense mechanisms such as sweating, shivering and arteriovenous shunt vasoconstriction. Perioperative hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature less than 36 °C during surgery and the postoperative period (1,2). General anesthetics represent one of the most common cause of perioperative hypothermia. They impair several thermoregulatory defenses such as vasoconstriction and shivering and lead to thermal redistribution (3). Perioperative hypothermia is associated with several complications such as coagulopathy (4), increased transfusion requirement (5), shivering (6), thermal discomfort (2), delayed drug metabolism (7), increased risk of surgical site infection (3), tissue ischemia (8), and delayed wound healing. Additionally, it may reduce patient satisfaction, prolong length of hospital stay, and increase hospital costs (1). Perioperative hypothermia is more accentuated in the elderly population undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) surgery in part due to the excessive use of irrigation fluids and in part due to their reduced thermoregulatory capacity (9). The effect of preoperative warming on perioperative hypothermia in transurethral prostatectomies


The influence on the library science by the changes of knowledge environment and the library form have made the university library knowledge value confront the limitations of the new regulatory environment.This article,by analyzing the existing system of university libraries and the concepts of the system-building of libraries,puts forward the basic principles and contents,the realization of the university library value and the safeguard mechanisms.


This paper explores the best encroachment mode of entrant who produce high-quality product, and analysis the impact of encroachment on the incumbent, the impact of the service on the members of the supply chain. By analyzing the equilibrium solution of wholesale price, selling price and profit which between the two competing products under different scene. The results show that the encroachment of high-quality product will force incumbent to lower the wholesale price and selling price. However, the service level of the incumbent does not change. When the entrant sells product through retailer, it harms the interests of the incumbent manufacturer, but it will benefit the retailer. When the entrant sells directly, there exists a Pareto zone. The best encroachment mode of entrant to encroach depends on the combined impact of the degree of the quality difference, the production cost and the direct selling cost.


Background: Up to 20% of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) do not respond well to knee replacement surgery (KR) despite surgical success. We hypothesize that pain catastrophizing among these patients may affect KR outcomes. Objectives: To assess the validity and reliability of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in Singapore. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 675 knee OA patients enlisted for knee replacement surgery (KR) in a Singapore tertiary referral hospital from May to September 2018. Data was collected 2 weeks prior to KR. Analyses were guided by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) framework. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed through seven a priori hypotheses by correlation of overall PCS score with other patient-reported outcomes. Structural validity was evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood method. Measurement invariance across gender subgroups was assessed using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Results: There were 675 patients (mean±SD age = 65.52±6.84 years, 70.37% female) with knee OA enlisted for KR (91.7% total, 8.3% unicompartmental). The mean±SD PCS score was 12.65±10.55, 0.14% and 8.63% ceiling and floor effects. PCS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.94). Construct validity was demonstrated by fulfilment of six out of seven (85%) a priori hypotheses. The PCS model showed good fit for a two-factor structure after accounting for appropriate modification indices (CFI=0.957, TLI=0.950, RMSEA=0.073, SRMR=0.043), demonstrating good structural validity. Measurement invariance across gender groups was demonstrated. Conclusion: This study supports internal consistency, construct validity and structure validity of PCS as a measure of pain catastrophizing in knee OA patients in Singapore.Abstract THU0439 – Table 1 Hypothesized and actual correlations for hypothesis testing PCS total score Hypothesized Correlations Actual Correlation Hypothesis met Magnitude Direction R (p-value) Internal resource Pain self-efficacy questionnaire Moderate - -0.4186 ** Yes Mental well-being HADS Strong + 0.5823 ** Yes SF-36 mental health Moderate - -0.3323 ** Yes Physical well-being WOMAC physical function Moderate + 0.4767 ** Yes WOMAC pain Moderate + 0.4671 ** Yes SF-36 physical functioning Moderate - -0.2632 ** No Social well-being Lubben's social network score Weak +/- -0.0486 Yes ** p < 0.001; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Disclosure of Interests: Wei Jie Ong: None declared, Yu Heng Kwan: None declared, Julian Thumboo: None declared, Seng Jin Yeo: None declared, William Yeo: None declared, Ying Ying Leung Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Abbvie and Novartis, Speakers bureau: Novartis


Voltage dips are becoming an increasing concern to many industrial and commercial customers, due to the problems they cause on several types of equipment. In industrial plants equipped with private generating systems, in case of a fault in the supply feeder, the protection device will disconnect the customer plant from the utility system, preserving sensitive loads from interruptions, but exposing the equipment to a voltage dip due to its intervention delay. This paper describes a high speed protection device based on solid-state breakers, intelligently controlled by an artificial neural network, which is able to considerably reduce this voltage dip duration. It is shown that it is possible to predict with good accuracy the value of the RMS voltage, in order to recognise, within a few /spl mu/s, the kind of abnormal event that is about to occur on the network. The behaviour of this protection device for several system states and with different types of faults has been analysed.


Eighteenth-century Languedoc might seem like a strange choice for a global economic history. This vast region of southern France enjoyed few long-distance mercantile connections and is associated w...


In order to meet the requirements of the ground test control of gas generators, We analyze the control behavior, and puts forward an advanced object-oriented flexible control model (OOFCM) for ground test of gas generators, which accords with the developing direction of the measurement and test technology. Based on the OOFCM, a flexible control system (FCS) is realized, which can meet the requirements of the ground test control of all kinds of gas generators. The FCS has been used in the test successfully. Compared with the older test control system, the new system has higher dependability, simpler structure and more flexible manipulation.


As major companies like Spotify, Deezer and Tidal look to improve their music streamingproducts, they repeatedly opt for features that engage with users and lead to a morepersonalised user experien ...


This work uses the Finite Element Method for the development of numerical models to simulate the flexural behavior of steel I-beams strengthened with CFRP laminates. The approach used consists mainly in the predominant use of shell finite elements for the analysis. The simulations allowed considering the influence of the length and thickness of the CFRP laminates in the failure mode and loading capacity of the strengthened beams. The modeling strategy developed had its results validated with the numerical and experimental results from literature. The used strategy was adequate to simulate the behavior of the beams, presenting coherent results when predicting rigidity, load capacity and structural displacements.


We experienced a case of apocrine adenocarcinoma of the left axilla. The patient was an 83-year-old man, who had a reddish indurated plaque, 26×26×6mm in size and partly ulcerated, on his left axilla. Biopsy of the lesion showed the features of adenocarcinoma. Because no other neoplasm was found in other organs of the body, we considered the adenocarcinoma as a primary lesion. The patient underwent local resection of the lesion along with lymphnode biopsy under local anesthesia, as he had suffered from cerebral infarction one month before the surgery. Histopathologic examination of the excised lesion revealed features of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma showing decapitation secretions in glandular structures. The stroma showed marked fibrosis. The diagnosis of apocrine adenocarcinoma was established. The biopsied lymph node revealed metastasis to the node. After the surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy was given to the left axilla. The patient is currently well 24 months after the radiotherapy. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2003; 18: 165-168]


W e discuss the effect of chemical reaction on unsteady free connective heat and mass transfer flow in a vertical wavy channel under the influence of a transverse magnetic field. The unsteadiness in the flow is due to the oscillatory flux in the flow region. The coupled equations governing the flow, heat and mass transfer have been solved by using a perturbation technique with the slope d as the perturbation parameter. The expression for the velocity, the temperature, the concentration, the shear stress and the rate of heat and mass transfer are derived and are analysed for different variations of the governing parameters M, b , k and Q 1 .


Techniques for shaving size, weight, and cost without sacrificing performance are examined. These include: using off-the-shelf parts; finding and overcoming the principle bottleneck; minimizing cost; changing technology; and zero-mass design, a technique that starts with a clean slate and adds parts until one has a system that works. The compact GR-C7 VideoMovie from JVC is presented as a case study.


Macrophages are an important source of inflammatory cytokines generated during the innate immune response, but in the microenvironment of certain tumors, macrophages promote tumor progression through their preferential secretion of cytokines that support tumor cell growth and suppress antitumoral immune responses. KSHV is the causative agent of KS and lymphomas preferentially arising in immunocompromised patients, and specific cytokines, including IL‐6 and IL‐10, have been implicated in KSHV‐associated cancer pathogenesis. However, the contribution of KSHV‐infected macrophages to the cytokine milieu within KSHV‐related tumors is unclear. We found that individual KSHV‐encoded miRNA induce IL‐6 and IL‐10 secretion independently and additively by murine macrophages and human myelomonocytic cells. Bioinformatics analysis identified KSHV miRNA binding sites for miR‐K12‐3 and miR‐K12‐7 within the 3′UTR of the basic region/leucine zipper motif transcription factor C/EBPβ, a known regulator of IL‐6 and IL‐10 transcriptional activation. Subsequent immunoblot analyses revealed that miR‐K12‐3 and miR‐K12‐7 preferentially reduce expression of C/EBPβ p20 (LIP), an isoform of C/EBPβ known to function as a negative transcription regulator. In addition, RNA interference specifically targeting LIP induced basal secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐10 by macrophages. Taken together, these data support a role for KSHV miRNA in the programming of macrophage cytokine responses in favor of KSHV‐related tumor progression.


Objectives:  The study was conducted in New Halfa teaching hospital, eastern Sudan to investigate the pharmacokinetics of quinine in pregnant Sudanese women.


Physical layer security (PLS) of wireless communications is becoming increasingly significant with the advent of 6G. The reconciliation of channel-based secret key generation (SKG) methods is necessary to avoid inconsistencies after key generation, resulting in increased communication overhead, leakage of key information, and reduced security performance. This paper proposes a fuzzy secret key generation (FSKG) method that does not require the legitimate user to perform a consistency check after fuzzy extraction of the phase, which is used directly to encrypt the constellation rotation of the key. The proposed scheme allows users to code-decode the key bits to reduce the transmission error probability and improve the key consistency, and the simulation results prove that the proposed FSKG scheme outperforms traditional SKG schemes like CQA and CQG. The simulation results also indicate that the best secure key rate can be achieved by applying PSK modulation.


In this paper,every phenomenon of breaking the rule in open-shelf reading rooms that exists in library of university is analyzed.Several new methods are proposed.


Tourism is as an economic term that contributes significantly to the GDP of many countries. The travel and tourism industry of India had a share in GDP of 6.9% in 2019, but it fell to 4.7 percent in 2020 during the Covid19 period. Every country has a twin dilemma in terms of tourist sector management: the first is at the local level, and the second is at the international level. This article highlights the function of lower-level management agencies in how they may manage local tourist industry through destination management. Tourism is primarily the notion of human beings crossing some form of boundary. It is critical to manage the tourist industry in order to boost its growth and contribution to the national economy. Destination management is a critical component of the tourist industry's economic and long-term sustainability. The destination management is investigated in this study. This research examines the strategies of destination management in the face of the Covid 19 epidemic. To integrate the potential management approaches, this research utilized an exploratory technique. Covid 19 is a tourism roadblock. It's critical to figure out how to live with covid 19 in order to tackle this issue. Are these destination management groups assisting local tourist destination management? Tourism management organizations are critical for destination management. In the accounting year 2019, tourism industry accounted for 13% of overall employment, which afterwards dropped to 7.3 percent in 2020. This paper also looked at the quality of life and destination management, as well as how destination management influences quality of life.


Sufism is one of the Islamic sciences that specifically addressed the inner truth of a man (hakikat). Human existence is very dependent on the inner side, from this, human could be directed into a positive (taqwa) or negative person (fujur). Moreover, study of this hakikat is usually done through a sufistic approach. Some of the well-known Sufi figures whose worthy of research is Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali ath-Thusi asy-Shafi'I, commonly called Imam al-Ghazali. The study of the hakikat conducted by Ghazali is very influential on the Islamic world and in fact modern-west. This study uses library research approach using books and literatures on his thoughts especially related to the subject of a man and Sufism. Result from this study shows that according to Ghazali, the concept of hakikat or the inner truth is posits inside an integrated individual soul and body, the soul as determinant of life and body as a container of the soul. If someone's soul is clean (taqwa) then the body is also become clean (taqwa) and vice versa if his soul is dirty (fujur) then the body is become negative (fujur). Hakikat would be appeared when a man become a ma'rifatullah . The attainment of the soul into ma'rifatullah stage must go through three processes. firstly takhalli , secondly, tahalli and tajalli and the third is al-nafs almuthma'innah which means having a calm and peaceful soul to be always together with the eternal substance.