Chapter 2 focuses on the experience of using three types of personal screens: mobile phones, personal computers, and television sets. The survey shows that age trumps socioeconomic status and gender as the main structural factor in who accesses which devices and how frequently they are used. The interviews reveal the centrality of the meanings interviewees attribute to their different devices, and that orient their experiences of them. Thus, to many interviewees the mobile phone has become a prosthetic, an artificial body part with which they have a difficult time parting; the computer a tool they use primarily for work or study or both; and, the television set a companion, often turned on but in the background. The phone's prosthetic quality is tied to the significant level of attachment people feel to the device. The chapter ends with a discussion about how the uptake of mobile phones is tied to a reconstitution of sociality.


Antireflection coatings have been the subject of two books and of numerous scientific and technical papers.1,2 until recently, there have been no systematic studies made to determine the optimum performance that can be achieved for a given set of specifications and coating materials. Willey has published two papers with empirical studies of this problem.3,4 He has presented equations which, for a given set of coating materials and for an overall thickness of the multilayers, give an estimate of the lowest achievable reflectance for a normal incidence antireflection. The two equations presented by Willey are valid for a certain range of coating materials, widths of the spectral region and overall thicknesses of the multilayer. They are based on the calculated results obtained for a number of different examples . It will be shown in this paper that, whilst giving a good first estimate of the attainable results, the formulae are not accurate for any one set of coating materials.


We have developed a new algorithm for generating color Doppler ultrasound images, i.e., gray-scale images with color velocity overlays. By combining the blood flow velocity computation (VC) and tissue/flow decision (TFD) algorithms into one, our algorithm requires less computing cycles since the time-consuming process of VC is not needed if a pixel is determined to be tissue by the TFD. Our algorithm has been developed so that it can run efficiently on superscalar and very long instruction word processors that can perform multiple operations concurrently. Our algorithm is also designed to handle the tissue and flow characterization and velocity computations concurrently with the input and output (I/O) data loading. Thus, the processing unit's computing power can be dedicated to performing pixel-based operations while the I/O operations are handled by an independent direct memory access controller. Our integrated VC/TFD algorithm was implemented on a multimedia and imaging system based on the Texas Instruments TMS320C80 Multimedia Video Processor. An execution time of 16.6 ms was achieved when the input data are comprised of one 304 X 498 12-bit complex image from the autocorrelator of an ultrasound machine's color flow unit, one 304 X 498 12-bit power image, and one 304 X 498 12-bit gray-scale image.


Estimates suggest that 70 percent of the world's population has little or no access to formal land administration systems and hence their rights are often neither recognized nor secured by governments. A system of organized land rights information, embedded in a broader land administration system, is argued as a key pillar for underpinning any sustainable economy and equitable economic development. Cadastres are a core ingredient of any land administration system. Traditional methods for cadastral surveying and mapping are however, often lengthy and labor intensive. In response, remote sensing based techniques have great potential and are being increasingly employed for rapid creation and upgrading of cadastral maps: the Global Land Tool Network (GLTN)'s fit-for-purpose (FFP) land administration guidelines provide ample evidence in this regard. Furthermore, (semi)-automatic methods for detecting cadastral boundaries are currently under development. These methods seek to make use of very high resolution (VHR) satellite images or sensors capable of similar resolutions. Creating approaches that are both highly automated and transferable between contexts remain a challenge owing to diverse morphologies of parcel boundaries found across contexts. Anyhow, object-based image analysis methods appear highly promising as they mimic the human interpretation process to identify features from an image. A pre-step to utilizing any of these methods should be determining the quantity of the boundaries that are actually identifiable through visual interpretation. Therefore, in this paper, we assess the quantity of visible/non-visible boundaries in different contexts with the aim of determining the percentage of known cadastral parcels that are completely visible via VHR satellite images. For this purpose, we selected subsets from case locations in the contexts of Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Guatemala and Nepal. To cover different landscapes, a combination of rural, peri-urban and urban areas were included. In each case, control cadastral data (i.e. vector files or existing cadastral maps) served as a reference for the assessment. Results show significant difference between visual identification for the samples from seven contexts. The percentage of completely visible cadastral parcels ranged from zero to 71 percent when compared to the reference cadastral map. These were parcels for which all boundaries were fully visible, i.e. a closed polygon. Considering the result of the study, it appears that (semi)-automated cadastral boundary extraction methods using VHR imagery will have high utility in specific contexts (e.g. smallholder and rural), whereas their use in complex urban environments may be challenging and require other methods or data. Nonetheless, an approach like this will greatly enhance the application of FFP approach in Land Administration for cadastral mapping in areas where no relaible data exists, for e.g. even if a small amount of boundaries could be automatically generated (e.g. 30 percent), potentially large cost reductions in cadastral surveying and mapping could be achieved.


Nutrient bioavailability is indubitably important to any feeding system, but it seems not possible to have a general statement about phytate-P bioavailability to poultry, given the complexities of the interaction amongst minerals relative to the influence of other dietary components, plus the complex nature of factors influencing phytate hydrolysis. Therefore, in ascertaining the effect of phytate on mineral bioavailability, 4-week old male chicks of a laying strain were utilised to estimate simultaneous nutrients retention as affected by either dietary phytate-P (added in gradual replacement 0.0, 33.33, 66.67 and 100% of the phosphorus contributed by dicalcium phosphate in the control diet) or increasing phytase level (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4g/kg). At 21 days of age, 45 chicks were individually caged at random in two sets of metabolic cages with ad libitum access to starter diet. On day 28, the chicks were fed on a marker diet containing 0.3% ferric oxide for 4h and then fasted for 16h, fed synthetic diet for 4h and returned to the starter diet containing the marker. On day 29, the same procedure was repeated, except that the synthetic diet was replaced by the experimental diets. Intakes of synthetic and experimental diets were measured and total marker-free faeces for both synthetic and experimental diets were collected, starting at the end of the first batch of marked excreta and ending at the beginning of the second batch of marked excreta. In Trial 1, feeding increasing levels of phytate-P resulted in a significant decrease in iron, copper, magnesium and phosphorus retentions (P 0.05) with a similar pattern in response to phytate-P addition. Dietary phytate-P seemed to reduce the retention of the measured nutrients. In Trial II, the influence of feeding increasing level of exogenous phytase showed a significant increase (P<0.01) in iron and calcium retentions but zinc retention showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). However, both copper and nitrogen were insignificantly affected by increasing phytase level. Supplemental phytase at 0.4g/kg diet yielded the highest retentions of iron (94.7%), copper (96.1%), calcium (92.2%), phosphorus (91.0%) and total nitrogen (92.9%), and had the lowest retention of both Zinc (53.9%) and magnesium (70.5%).


The article reveals and compares the receptions of stoicism in the world literature of the late 19th - first half of the 20th century. It enables to trace the transformation of its narrative images. The analisys is based on the works of A.P. Chekhov, L. N. Tolstoy, M. Gorky, H. Sienkiewicz, F. Pessoa, E. M. Remark, E. Hemingway, T. Wilder, B. Brecht,      W. Percy and critical research. The study starts from assumptions of discerning of the concepts of «the teaching of Stoic» (school doctrine) and «stoicism» (reflection on Stoic's doctrine). It takes into account the special, almost anonymous way of being of Stoicism in Western culture and the existence of images and cliches, which are customary to associate with the Stoics, but which are not related to them. The study consider s a broad historical context and makes it possible to better understand the significance of the Stoic heritage for the culture and philosophy of the 20th century Western world.


Anesthesiology has evolved into the specialty of perioperative medicine because the anesthesiologist is involved in preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, postoperative care, and early pain management of the patient. New surgical therapeutic options bring forth challenges for the anesthesiologist to deal with before, during, and immediately after colorectal surgery.


One significant challenge in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is to identify and classify active appliances used in a building. This research focuses on the classifying process, exploring different approaches for the feature extraction of the appliances' power load to improve the classification accuracy. In this paper, we present a new method - Spectral Entropy and Instantaneous Frequency-based Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (SE-IF BiLSTM). It uses feature extraction from the power load to obtain information, such as instant frequency, spectral entropy, spectrogram, Mel spectrogram and signal variation, to feed BiLSTM Neural Network. We also test different options for the BiLSTM to decide the most optimal settings. This method improves the classification performance, achieving up to 98.57% classification accuracy.


Face and person recognition have recently achieved remarkable success under challenging scenarios, such as off-pose and cross-spectrum matching. However, long-range recognition systems are often hindered by atmospheric turbulence, leading to spatially and temporally varying distortions in the image. Current solutions rely on generative models to reconstruct a turbulent-free image, but often preserve photo-realism instead of discriminative features that are essential for recognition. This can be attributed to the lack of large-scale datasets of turbulent and pristine paired images, necessary for optimal reconstruction. To address this issue, we propose a new weakly supervised framework that employs a parameter-efficient self-attention module to generate domain agnostic representations, aligning turbulent and pristine images into a common subspace. Additionally, we introduce a new tilt map estimator that predicts geometric distortions observed in turbulent images. This estimate is used to re-rank gallery matches, resulting in up to 13.86\% improvement in rank-1 accuracy. Our method does not require synthesizing turbulent-free images or ground-truth paired images, and requires significantly fewer annotated samples, enabling more practical and rapid utility of increasingly large datasets. We analyze our framework using two datasets -- Long-Range Face Identification Dataset (LRFID) and BRIAR Government Collection 1 (BGC1) -- achieving enhanced discriminability under varying turbulence and standoff distance.


Within the domain of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is used to obtain highly accurate numerical solutions for fluid flows. However, this approach for numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations is extremely computationally expensive mostly due to the requirement of greatly refined grids. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) presents a more computationally efficient approach for solving fluid flows on lower-resolution (LR) grids but results in an overall reduction in solution fidelity. Through this paper, we introduce a novel deep learning framework SR-DNS Net, which aims to mitigate this inherent trade-off between solution fidelity and computational complexity by leveraging deep learning techniques used in image super-resolution. Using our model, we wish to learn the mapping from a coarser LR solution to a refined high-resolution (HR) DNS solution so as to eliminate the need for DNS simulations on highly refined grids. Our model efficiently reconstructs the high-fidelity DNS data from the LES like low-resolution solutions while yielding good reconstruction metrics. Thus our implementation improves the solution accuracy of LR solutions while incurring only a marginal increase in computational cost required for deploying the trained deep learning model.


This paper presents an image denoising method based on a two-step empirical Bayes approach. A linear minimum mean squared error-like estimation is performed to estimate the wavelet coefficients of the denoised image. These coefficients rely on a suitable estimation of the variance of the wavelet coefficients for the "clean" image. The later uses maximum likelihood estimation over a local neighborhood. As opposed to the approach presented in [3], the estimation of the variance of the coefficients for the "clean" image is performed only at locations corresponding to father and descendant wavelet coefficients greater than a threshold T. Thus, the proposed method is based on a mixed local-global criterion in the wavelet domain and the results achieved are among the best reported in the literature.


Cocoa is a plantation commodity whose role is essential for the economy, so it is necessary to be aware of its health to maximize production. Cocoa plant disease data is a time series data because it is observed continuously. One of the time series forecasting models is the Fuzzy Time Series Markov Chain (FTS-MC), a combination of the Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) and Markov Chain models. The model uses the principle of fuzzy logic by transferring FTS data to fuzzy logic and using the obtained fuzzy logic groups to derive the Markov chain transition matrix. In this research, a Python script of the FTS-MC model was built in the Google Colaboratory to forecast the number of cocoa plant diseases in Bendungan District to simplify and speed up the data processing. Python was used in this research because of its easy-to-use, flexible, and open-source syntax. In building Python scripts, libraries and functions are needed by utilizing loop processes and if-else statements. Based on the processing results, forecasting with the FTS-MC model using Python only takes less than 1 minute.


Labour legislation is the unique device governments use to lay down standards and conventions in the workplace and to control industrial relations. Using focused interviews with unionists, government officials, employers and other relevant parties, this field study investigated the way in which labour legislation in Botswana affects the organisation of the country's federation of unions. The findings indicate that the BFTU's organisation is affected by the Trade Union and Employers Organisation Act. In particular, the restric- tions in this Act separate policy and administration in the BFTU and this has had negative implications for the union's effectiveness. The fact that its policymaking body is part-time negatively affects coordination, communication and cooperation processes in the BFTU. According to the Act, public sector workers are not technically employees and therefore cannot belong to unions. This gives the impression that the state is not particularly convinced about the benefits of unionisation. This may create a difficult environment in which the BFTU and other unions must operate.


Land-use planning is currently characterised by three weaknesses: a relative lack of systematic analysis of the theoretical and technical aspects of planning, a neglect of methodology and a lack of interest in clarifying key concepts. The present paper attempts to address these issues in a systematic manner on the basis of an explicit epistemological background. The strategy adopted is to focus on ten critical concepts covering the key areas of the field of land-use planning theory. The discussion is organised into two main sections, one on theory and one on methodology, which are examined both in their general sense and specifically as they apply to planning theory. Through an analytical discussion of each of the ten concepts and a critique of previous approaches, the paper proposes a new kind of land-use planning theory, spatiology, considered as a prerequisite for applied land-use planning, and a new view on the structuring of land-use planning methodology. The final aim of the paper is not simply to list the concepts, but to formulate an organised conceptual whole resulting from their interrelation which can provide a solid foundation for planning theory.


During the development of biological populations, differential equation stability models are often used to analyze the effects of predation relationships between populations on population numbers. This paper uses MALAB to plot the stability of the phenomena described by the model, verifying its equilibrium point and the shape of the trajectory. In the same time, the model has been successfully promoted, providing effective rationalization suggestions for practical production applications.


INTRODUCTION Phenotypic integration is a central aspect of macroevolution. It is also an important concept in macroevolutionary theory. A number of empirical research questions and theoretical debates concerning evolution at and above the species level revolve around the issue of differential phenotypic integration through time. However, macroevolutionary studies in general and evolutionary paleobiology in particular have often conceptualized and documented phenotypic integration in ways that are not always comparable with standard, with methodological protocols and theoretical motivations often distinct from those of microevolutionary research. By extension, appreciating the status of phenotypic integration in macroevolution and its relationship with various genetic, developmental, and ecological approaches may help dissolve residual tensions between macroevolutionists and microevolutionists (notwithstanding the fact that some scholars may belong to both communities without apparent loss of sanity!). The essential tension has concerned the issue of reducibility. It is bound to disappear, though, upon recognition that macroevolution is not completely reducible 3 to microevolution because of differences in scale, in the hierarchical manifestation of evolutionary processes, in the extent and sources of contingency and constraint, and in the Erwin 2000; Jablonski 2000). None of these justifications for a relative autonomy of macroevolution are necessarily contentious nowadays, as macroevolutionary research has been rendered more rigorous conceptually, empirically, and theoretically, with operational definitions and methodologically sophisticated data collection, analysis, and modeling routinely guiding statistically testable inferences about large-scale evolutionary patterns and microevolution are at times factually and theoretically distinct, but material irreducibility is only partial, and complete decouplement is logically impossible, because actual organisms must figure in both domains. There is no fundamental incompatibility between macroevolution and microevolution in a general evolutionary theory, if such theory incorporates biological hierarchies as matters of fact or at least as heuristic representations. and the existence of biological hierarchies per se does not necessarily demand level-specific theories of process (e. 4 At issue, then, is precisely which phenomena, explanations, and theoretical constructs associated with macroevolution are equivalent to those in the microevolutionary realm, which are only partially equivalent, and which – if any – are incommensurable. The study of phenotypic integration is of special relevance in this regard, since the phenotype figures in empirical and theoretical research in population biology, in systematics, in evolutionary developmental biology, and in paleobiology. Clarifying how phenotypic integration is manifested and studied in macroevolution, and understanding the nature of macroevolutionary phenotypic integration, may help in moving beyond the perhaps overly …


The physical strain of miners in hot salt mines based on analyses of heart-rates, deep body temperatures, and sweat-rates during real work was studied. Based on these results changes in the working conditions have been realized (air-conditioning of cabins or ambient air, technological changes, workpause-regimes). Cooling-wastes are not sufficient to reduce the thermal strain in hot-dry climate in normal work of salt-mines, independent of the principle of cooling. During fire-fighters work the physical work is the more dominating stressor in relation to the thermal strain.


A study was conducted of the subcritical crack growth in a series of cordierite glass-ceramics, including the original glass, by means of the double-torsion method and measurement of the strain-rate sensitivity of the strength of specimens with controlled indentation cracks subjected to biaxial flexure. The double-torsion data showed that the same rate of crack growth required a stress intensity factor for the fully crystallized glass-ceramic about 3 times higher than for the original glass, accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the stress intensity exponent (N). The suppression in the rate of crack growth in the crystallized material at any value of stress intensity factor was attributed to enhanced crack deflection around the crystallites. Limited observations suggested that the increase in N on crystallite formation may be due to a greater degree of crack deflection at the lower crack velocities than at the higher velocities. For strength specimens of the as-received and crystallized glass with large surface flaws, the N values obtained by the strain-rate measurements and the double-torsion test showed good agreement. However, for the fully crystallized material with surface flaws too small to interact significantly with the coarser crystallites, the N value for the strain-rate data was well below the value for the double-torsion method. Indentation-fracture data of the double-torsion specimens confirmed the existence of crack-size dependent fracture toughness. Limited fracture toughness data coupled with SEM fractography indicated that with increasing crystallite size toughening occurs by crack deflection as well as by microcrack toughening counteracted by fracture through the crystallites.


The problem of multiple IRR remained unresolved for almost a century. This problem is associated only with some of the non-normal net cash flow (NNCF) that wrongly includes reinvestment income as income or benefit stream. The reinvestment income, which is not a benefit from the investment or project under analysis, causes the multiple IRR problem. This is often misinterpreted as problem of IRR but its neither a problem with IRR nor NPV. It is a problem associated with some NNCF data and the failure to update the discounted cash flow (DCF) or capital amortization schedule (CAS) methods to handle such problem.
Using NNCF data, analyses are conducted with special emphasis on topics such as: a. A modified CAS (MCAS) method that eliminates multiple IRR associated with NNCF data; b. Multiple IRR problem and the Descartes rule of sign and Norstrom's criteria; c. A NNCF data with a unique IRR under DCF/CAS methods vs IRR by MCAS method; d. Resolving the problem of multiple IRR by MCAS Method Versus MIRR; and e. A critical review of the GIRR and AIRR Methods to Estimate NNCF.
The salient findings of the present analysis are: a. The MCAS method, presented in this paper, identifies and eliminates the reinvestment income associated with NNCF investments (with positive opening balance in one or more years in the CAS) from the benefit stream; b. This new method overcomes the multiple IRR problem and leads to a unique and real IRR; The effectiveness of MCAS to handle the NNCF data is illustrated with numerical analysis; c. The assumption of reinvestment at IRR or at hurdle rate in NPV are false assertions in the cases of normal NCF and some of the NNCFs. However, such reinvestment is evident only with NNCFs with positive opening balance in one or more years under the CAS. d. The reinvestment income under the benefit stream causes multiple IRRs and multiple NPVs too. As NPV is a static point estimate (at hurdle rate) the multiple NPVs are not exposed. Without eliminating the reinvestment income, none of the criterions viz. NPV, IRR or MIRR, is useful as a decision criterion. Neither NPV or MIRR is a preferred criterion, under such circumstances, as recommended in some published works. e. The MCAS method is appropriate for both normal NCF and NNCF as illustrated in this paper. CAS or DCF method is appropriate only for normal NCF investments. f. Even when there is no multiple IRRs with some NNCFs under DCF/CAS method, the MCAS method estimated IRR or NPV, without reinvestment income, are different from that of the DCF/CAS estimated IRR and NPV. For a consistent estimate of IRR and NPV, the MCAS method is most appropriate both for NCF and NNCF investments. g. The generalized IRR (GIRR) and the Average IRR (AIRR) are also not appropriate estimates for NNCF and they are not NCF consistent as discussed in this paper. The problem of multiple IRR associated with the popular cases of NCF investments used in GIRR and AIRR, are also resolved now.
In conclusion, the MCAS method resolves the problem of multiple IRR and leads to a unique IRR that is real and NCF-consistent. Neither the NPV nor the MIRR could resolve the problem of multiple IRR.


In this study, nitrogen removal characteristics of SBR3 process, which is two-sludge system of sequencing batch reactor(SBR) type, were investigated, with comparison of those of SBR1 process, which is conventional SBR process, and SBR2 process, which was designed to enhance denitrification efficiency through step-feeding of wastewater, using domestic wastewater. SBR3 process of two-sludge type can perform external nitrification, on which nitrification occurs in separated reactor, and enhanced denitrification using biosorbed organics. In the results with domestic wastewater, T-N removal efficiency of SBR3 process was better than those of SBR1 and SBR2 processes. It was observed that bigger difference of T-N removal efficiency between SBR3 process and SBR1 & SBR2 processes was showed at low C/N ratio than that at high C/N ratio resulting from more efficient use of organics by biosorption mechanism in denitrification of SBR3 process than those of SBR1 and SBR2 processes. In addition, T-N removal efficiency of SBR3 process according to influent T-N loading rate was better than those of SBR1 and SBR2, even though influent T-N loading rate of SBR3 process was higher than that of SBR1 and SBR2 process resulting from operation of SBR3 process in short hydraulic retention time(HRT) by external nitrification.


The principle of fault liability is the basic imputation principle in tort law. In the time during the development from the 19th century to the 20th century, there were some newly noticeable developments of principle of fault liability in modern tort law as following: the objectification of negligence, presumption of negligence and negligence per se.


The utility model discloses a casing panel fastening structure, comprising a first casing and a second casing. The first casing and the second casing can be tightly buckled together by a pair of fastening components arranged on the casing walls of the first casing and the second casing and be positioned by a positioning structure, without the fixed locking of a locking screw. When the two casings are buckled, a fastener in the second casing is inserted in the corresponding fastening slot of a plate of the first casing; and then the other plate in the second casing is applied a force to bend inward and the fastener is buckled the corresponding fastening slot of the plate of the first casing to make the second casing tightly buckle the first casing. The fastening structure of the casing plates can be fast positioned and conveniently assembled, avoiding the relative displacement of the casings after assemblage.


Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), a rare sinopulmonary syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation of respiratory bronchioles of unknown etiology, is an important cause of progressive obstructive lung disease.1-3 It mainly occurs in East Asia and sporadic cases have been reported in other parts of the world.2-4 The diagnosis may easily be made by clinical and radiological features in countries where the disease is common, but in other countries the diagnosis may need to be confirmed by transbronchial or open lung biopsy.3 In many countries outside of East Asia, DPB is often unrecognized, underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, which leads to mistreatment or lack of appropriate treatment. In this report, we describe the second case of DPB in Turkey.5


The experiment described in this paper is focused on sensing snow conditions. The primary experiment site will be an igloo in the Swiss alps, but the same technology will also be used in more regular settings. The goals of the experiment are three-fold: first, to develop practical and inexpensive sensor hardware for these environments; second, to develop user interface concepts that are suitable for the indigenous people, home owners, and skiers alike; and finally, the experiment will use a Delay-Tolerant Networking router to link the sensors with the Internet.


Humans are dependent upon specific information to fulfill their needs, which suffices their social existence. Due to advancement in technology, humans try to satisfy their social needs through smart devices. However, these devices are not able to completely justify the human needs and humans strive for companionship to combat loneliness. We propose to design a robot (MAI) that can monitor, assist and interact with humans for their better livelihood.


A fluctuation model is suggested in this paper for the mode-locked laser incorporating a nonlinear mirror with intensity dependent reflection coefficient. Computer simulation with this model is conducted for varied parameters of Nd: YAG lasers and for two kinds of nonlinear crystal (KTP and KDP). The optimum parameters and conditions under which perfect mode-locking will be achieved are predicted according to the simulation calculation.


In the 22 years since its introduction, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has become firmly established in the management of biliary and pancreatic disease. It is usually as effective as surgery in treating bile duct stones and involves a shorter hospital stay.' But is it safer? The answer seems to be a qualified yes. The difficulties in comparing the two modes of treatment have been understood for some time. ' In particular, patients coming to ERCP tend to be older and in poorer general health than those undergoing surgery.' With a complication rate of around 7% and a procedure related mortality of 0-6-0-7%,4 however, therapeutic ERCP compares favourably with the morbidity and mortality of surgery for choledocholithiasis.3 When patients with malignant obstructive jaundice have been randomised to either surgery or insertion of a large diameter biliary stent, the 30 day mortality in the endoscopic group was significantly lower6 or showed a trend in that direction.' Thus, while the risks of ERCP are relatively fewer, this is not grounds for complacency. Many recent developments provide an opportunity for safer ERCP and endoscopists offering this service should consider incorporating these advances into their practice.


Abstract: The relentless pursuit of sustainable energy solutions has propelled solar power to the forefront of global discussions on clean and renewable energy sources. Solar roof plants, offering a decentralized approach to energy generation, have garnered significant attention for their potential to revolutionize power production. As the quest for more efficient and economically viable solar technologies intensifies, the integration of reflectors into solar roof plants emerges as a transformative innovation that holds the promise of elevating energy capture and optimizing economic feasibility. This study embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the performance and economic dimensions of solar roof plants with and without reflectors. By delving into the technical intricacies, operational considerations, and financial implications, we aim to provide a nuanced understanding of the benefits and challenges associated with these two approaches. Through rigorous analysis and synthesis of existing literature, technological advancements, and empirical case studies, we evaluate the advantages conferred by reflector integration in terms of enhanced energy generation and improved economic returns. We address the inherent complexities of reflector systems, including maintenance requirements and potential visual impacts. Furthermore, we investigate the performance of solar roof plants without reflectors, considering their simplicity in design and potential cost savings. We analyze the trade-offs between energy yield and economic viability, taking into account factors such as weather patterns and geographical location. The findings of this study contribute to a holistic comprehension of the intricate interplay between performance and economics in the realm of solar roof plants. By shedding light on the advantages and disadvantages of reflector-integrated and nonreflector systems, we empower stakeholders to make informed decisions that align with their energy goals, financial considerations, and environmental aspirations.


The invention discloses a low-cost mass preparation method of high-quality graphene. The low-cost mass preparation method comprises the following steps that graphite and an additive undergo a local or intercalation reaction so that boundary functionalization or intercalated graphite formation is realized; and graphite is peeled by ball milling or an ultrasonic method so that graphene is obtained. The high-quality graphene has water solubility and can forms good graphene hydrosol. Compared with graphene obtained by the traditional chemical peeling method, the high-quality graphene provided by the invention can be prepared simply, has a low cost, less defects, good conductivity and high quality and is suitable for mass production. The high-quality graphene provided by the invention has wide application prospects in photoelectric devices such as copper indium gallium diselenide, cadmium telluride and dye sensitization solar cells and in fields of panel display, supercapacitors, field emitter materials, and lithium ion batteries.


The hydrological models are important tools to evaluate the hydrological behavior of watersheds, helping in the decision making. Thus, this study had the objective of evaluating the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in the flow simulation in the Ribeirão Taquaruçu Hydrographic Basin. Flow data from two fluviometric stations were used from April 2013 to August 2015. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicated that the most influential parameters are the SOL_K (saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil) and CN2 (curve number for the condition II). The Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) objective functions and the determination coefficient (R2) indicated, in the calibration period, the following values: -0.05 and 0.55 (sub-basin 1); 0.51 (sub-basin 3), respectively. In the validation period, the following results were presented for NSE and R2: 0.44 and 0.54 (sub-basin 1); 0.24 and 0.29 (sub-basin 3), in that order. Considering that the object of study is responsible for a large part of the water supply of Palmas - TO and that the program was unable to simulate the minimum flows adequately, the results are considered unsatisfactory


Pointing against fuzzy rhetoric exists everywhere in Chinese and English languages; the paper illuminates fuzzy rhetoric from the aspects of strategy of construction,pragmatic function and explains the cause of the phenomenon.


This paper describes the implementation of an Internet of Things Home Automation System with energy measurement capabilities. The basic hardware components are the ESP8266 micro-controller by Espressif and energy meter chip HLW8012 by HLW Technology. The Software works over the TCP/IP stack and uses the MQTT protocol to communicate between the devices. The minimum configuration of the HAS includes one control device called Gateway and two or more manageable Host devices. The user friendly, simplified interface is web based. The platform has open software and hardware.


Objective To observe the protective effect of acetylcysteine against radiation pneumonia.Methods Total of 80 patients who were inoperable were randomly allocated into treatment group and control group.Using conformal radiation technology and the total dose was 65 ~ 75Gy.The patients in treatment group were given acetylcysteine and radiotherapy;the patients in control group were given radiotherapy only.Results All patients were treated radiotherapy.The effective rate( CR and PR) of treatment group was 90%,and that of control group was 85%(P > 0.05);The incidence of acute radiation pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis in treatment group were 15% and 20%,respectively;and that of control group were 33% and 45% respectively.There was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Using acetylcysteine during radiotherapy could prevent radiation pneumonia in the non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Key words:
Acetylcysteine;  Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung;  Radiotherapy, conformal;  Radiation pneumonia/pulmonary fibrosis


The electronic and magnetic properties of ferromagnet-semiconductor (FM/SC) heterostructure systems have been studied by means of fully relativistic LMTO as well as scalar-relativistic KKR-CPA band structure calculations. As a structural model for our calculations periodic multilayer systems have been assumed, taking for the ferromagnet Fe and for the semiconductor GaAs, respectively. In addition the influence of interdiffusion at the interface was investigated. Concerning the resulting magnetisation profiles the most important features are that no magnetically dead layers occurred and an appreciable induced magnetisation was found in the semiconductor subsystem. To stimulate corresponding experimental work the magnetic circular dichroism has been investigated for the L 2,3 -edges absorption spectra of Ga as well as As. In all cases the circular dichroism was found to be pronounced enough to be detectable. Investigations on the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy revealed that all of the studied systems should show a perpendicular anisotropy. Calculations of the spin-orbit induced orbital magnetic moment in a spin-resolved way allowed us to check the correlation of this quantity with the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy. It was found that the relationship suggested recently by van der Laan is quite well fulfilled.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of pathogenic wind-dispelling,collateral-dredging,heatclearing,and blood-cooling(PCHB)therapy for simple allergic purpura and its effect on cellular and humoral immune function.Methods Sixty patients with simple allergic purpura were randomly divided into treatment group(n=30)and control group(n=30).The treatment group received traditional Chinese medicine treatment with PCHB prescription,while the control group received basic Western medicine treatment.The course of treatment was 14 days for both groups.The clinical outcomes and the changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulin levels were evaluated.Results After treatment,both groups had significantly increased percentages of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood,CD4+/CD8+ratio,and serum IgG levels(P0.01)and significantly reduced percentage of CD8+T cells and serum IgA and IgM levels(P0.01),and the treatment group had significantly more improvements in these indices than the control group(P0.01).Conclusion PCHB therapy has good clinical efficacy for simple allergic purpura,and its action mechanism is relevant to the regulation of immune function.


Uncertainties widely exist in structural engineering.Interval analysis is the most effective method to calculate uncertain structure.However,interval analysis could not be applied widely in practical engineering because of low precision.Particle swarm optimization(PSO) is proposed to deal with interval analysis of uncertain structure in this paper to replace interval arithmetic by global optimization.It is shown that PSO has the more precise results than other interval arithmetic.


In this article, managerial competencies are derived from observations of public managers in action. Based on institutional theory, it is assumed that public managers are competent when they know how to play the game of public management and how to apply the rules of the game. This assumption is legitimated by the use of the concept of ambiguity, which underscores the fuzzy, contested and equivocal nature of real life policy issues. When issues are fuzzy and equivocal, multiple ways of behaving are thinkable, so public managers will not do what is "best", but what is considered to be "appropriate". In a study of 12 public managers in action, it was observed how they allocated their attention amid different kinds of ambiguity which included unstable issue linkages, unclear impacts, continuous contestation and unpredictable exposure. Individual public managers handled these conditions by being able to do three things: they interpreted signals and events; institutionalized issues by creating issue labels, meetings, meeting items and texts and by establishing political back up; and they produced appropriate texts, in time, in order to take away unnecessary "heat".


During the last couple of years there has been an intensification of the discussion concerning integration in Sweden and how it should be managed. The subject is being discussed in the society and ...


In this paper different characteristics of patch antenna with two different Substrates' materials have been analyzed. The initial antenna has been fabricated and tested. Rectangular slots have been etched in the radiating patch and ground. Two parasitic patches have been loaded to the antenna. Two different materials have been used in the substrate of the antenna and their impedance bandwidth and efficiency have been compared to each other. The Transmission Feed line is used to feed the antenna under consideration. The overall size of the final proposed antenna on Preperm L-450 is 10×20𝑚𝑚2. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 5.44GHz and a return loss of 62.38 dB has been obtained at the center frequency of 16.93GHz. This antenna on the basis of its features can be used for Ku- Band communication.


In the 1990s the idea that a 'democracy of citizens' should take the place of the 'old democracy of the parties' began to take root in Italy. After the collapse of the old party system, the politico-cultural programme of a 'fatherland for Italians' sought to provide a new principle of democratic legitimacy. Through an analysis of the meaning of the party system and a reconstruction of the 'civic-national pedagogy' undertaken in particular by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi as President of the Republic, this article shows that the notion of a 'democracy of citizens' is still struggling to define the characteristics of a mature democracy. The political fragility of the project for a 'fatherland of the Italians' is revealed, and the civic-national pedagogy of President Ciampi is found inadequate to give life to a 'constitutional patriotism' as a new principle of legitimation, partly because of the unresolved problem of the structure of the new system of parties.


Photoinduced halide ion segregation in mixed halide perovskites can introduce a detrimental effect on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells over extended light exposure. The photoconversion efficiency decreases from 5.5 to 2.3% when methylammonium lead mixed halide perovskite (MAPbBr1.5I1.5) solar cells are exposed to 25 min of continuous illumination with visible light. The formation of iodide-rich and bromide rich-regions creates traps, which serve as bottlenecks to the flow of charge carriers. Iodide treatment overcomes some of these effects and stabilizes the solar cell performance. It also facilitates quicker recovery in the dark. The decrease in open-circuit voltage following the exposure of visible light was minimal in iodide-treated solar cells. Transient absorption measurements provide insight into the influence of light exposure on charge carrier recombination processes in mixed halide perovskite films. The iodide treatment strategy presented here can aid in designing stable mix...


Stars form in dense cores of magnetized molecular clouds. If the magnetic flux threading the cores is dragged into the stars, the stellar field would be orders of magnitude stronger than observed. This well-known "magnetic flux problem" demands that most of the core magnetic flux be decoupled from the matter that enters the star. We carry out the first exploration of what happens to the decoupled magnetic flux in three dimensions, using a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) version of the ENZO adaptive mesh refinement code. The field–matter decoupling is achieved through a sink particle treatment, which is needed to follow the protostellar accretion phase of star formation. We find that the accumulation of the decoupled flux near the accreting protostar leads to a magnetic pressure buildup. The high pressure is released anisotropically along the path of least resistance. It drives a low-density expanding region in which the decoupled magnetic flux is expelled. This decoupling-enabled magnetic structure has never been seen before in three-dimensional MHD simulations of star formation. It generates a strong asymmetry in the protostellar accretion flow, potentially giving a kick to the star. In the presence of an initial core rotation, the structure presents an obstacle to the formation of a rotationally supported disk, in addition to magnetic braking, by acting as a rigid magnetic wall that prevents the rotating gas from completing a full orbit around the central object. We conclude that the decoupled magnetic flux from the stellar matter can strongly affect the protostellar collapse dynamics.


An estimated 39,010 Indiana residents were diagnosed with cancer in 2021. To address the cancer burden, Project ECHO (Extension Community Healthcare Outcomes) was launched in 2019 in Indiana to build specialty healthcare capacity among non‐specialists. Due to positive outcomes from the pilot year, the Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Survivorship ECHO was implemented for a second year. The purpose of this study was to measure the participation and regional impact of this ECHO.


With the continuous evolution of mobile communication systems, 5G technology has become a key driver for a smart home appliance ecosystem. Fifth-generation technology may create opportunities and threats for the home appliance industry in the stock market, and so companies that do not actively engage in product innovation activities will eventually be eliminated from the market because their products are not on trend. This study investigates Chinese household appliance industry firms to identify their innovation strategies, applied to cope with global competition and gain a competitive advantage, and explores the correlation and operation mode between innovation strategies and design strategies. For this study, we administered a questionnaire to analyze three innovation clusters for Chinese household appliance firms. Interviews were conducted to further understand the design strategies and priorities of Chinese home appliance companies in response to 5G technology, to explore the relationship between innovation strategies and product design strategies, and to provide a reference for the product design strategies of home appliance companies in response to global competition.


In the present paper, the application of analytical and numerical methods to an electromagnetic problem requiring an accurate representation of saturation is examined. The problem considered is that of tooth-ripple losses in salient-pole synchronous machines. To calculate these losses, two methods, one devised by Oberretl and a modified version of the considerably older one-dimensional approach of Gibbs, are compared with the results obtained from the finite-element and finite-difference methods. Using a time-stepping finite-difference calculation, the influence of moving boundaries and the imposed DC field are taken into account for the first time in this tooth-ripple calculation. A saturation factor is defined that allows the designer to calculate the tooth-ripple losses of solid salient-pole synchronous machines for a wide range of machine size, taking magnetic saturation into account. To verify the theory, the results are compared with measurements on a small model. These measurements were done using a torque meter placed between the model and a DC drive motor and were cross-checked by the Poynting vector method. Rules and limits are given for the use of the analytical methods.


Acoustic emission (AE) is a well-established nondestructive testing method for assessing the condition of liquid-filled tanks. Often the tank can be tested without the need for accurate location of AE sources. But sometimes, accurate location is required, such as in the case of follow-up inspections after AE has indicated a significant defect. Traditional computed location techniques that considered only the wave traveling through the shell of the tank have not proved reliable when applied to liquid-filled tanks. This because AE sensors are often responding to liquid-borne waves, that are not considered in the traditional algorithms. This paper describes an approach for locating AE sources on the wall of liquid filled tanks that includes two novel aspects: (i) the use of liquid-borne waves, and (ii) the use of a probabilistic algorithm. The proposed algorithm is developed within a Bayesian framework that considers uncertainties in the wave velocities and the time of arrival. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo is used to estimate the distribution of the AE source location. This approach was applied on a 102 inch diameter (29 000 gal) railroad tank car by estimating the source locations from pencil lead break with waveforms recorded. Results show that the proposed Bayesian approach for source location can be used to calculate the most probable region of the tank wall where the AE source is located.


David Beaumont Head, who was a Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry in 1952, became a Member of the RACI in 1951 and was elected to Fellowship in 1970. His research on the lower chlorides of titanium and the production of titanium metal by electrolysis of molten salts was part of an extensive investigation of Australian resources by university and CSIRO scientists.


Various optimization methods and network architectures are used by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Each optimization method and network architecture style have their own advantages and representation abilities. To make the most of these advantages, evolutionary-fuzzy-integral-based convolutional neural networks (EFI-CNNs) are proposed in this paper. The proposed EFI-CNNs were verified by way of face classification of age and gender. The trained CNNs' outputs were set as inputs of a fuzzy integral. The classification results were operated using either Sugeno or Choquet output rules. The conventional fuzzy density values of the fuzzy integral were decided by heuristic experiments. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to adaptively find optimal fuzzy density values. To combine the advantages of each CNN type, the evaluation of each CNN type in EFI-CNNs is necessary. Three CNN structures, AlexNet, very deep convolutional neural network (VGG16), and GoogLeNet, and three databases, computational intelligence application laboratory (CIA), Morph, and cross-age celebrity dataset (CACD2000), were used in experiments to classify age and gender. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieved 5.95% and 3.1% higher accuracy, respectively, in classifying age and gender.


A method is proposed to reduce the adverse lift and moment induced on an airfoil during the rapid deployment of its spoiler. The idea is to introduce a gap between the airfoil surface and the extended spoiler such that the flow through the base-vented spoiler abates the effects of the starting vortex shed from the spoiler tip. Results from an experimental study, which is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the idea, substantiate that the magnitudes of adverse lift and moment decrease with increasing gap size. In addition, variations of the angular speed, deflection of the spoiler, and the angle of attack may also influence the adverse effects.


This study examines the degree to which cognitive and affective aspects of mathematics learning shape adolescents' interest and achievement in mathematics. It specifically investigates age-related patterns of interest and achievement in mathematics based on a randomly drawn sample of 137 (male = 54 and female = 83) grade 9 students in a large urban secondary school in Bahir Dar. The adapted Amharic versions of Mathematics Self–Efficacy (MSE), Mathematics Self-Concept (MSC), Mathematics Interest (Mathematics Interest), and Mathematics Anxiety (Mathematics-Anxiety) scales originally developed for Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) were employed to collect data. Mathematics Achievement (MAch) was measured based on composite mean class scores. The adapted Amharic measures yielded acceptable internal consistency reliabilities ranging from 0.67- 0.81 and statistically significant convergent and discriminant validity coefficients among the four sub-scales (r = -.20, p < .05 to r = .67, p < .001). Hierarchical and simultaneous Multiple Regression procedures were used to address the major research questions. The findings revealed that MSE and MSC are strong predictors of Mathematics interest and achievement. On the other hand, MAch is significantly predicted by Gender, Mathematics-Anxiety, and mathematics related self-beliefs (MSE and MSC). A declining trend in Mathematics-Interest and achievement is also evident with increasing age. Finally, the study outlines the implications of the findings.


The invention discloses a processing method for composite-flavor black tea. The processing method successively comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining the following six kinds of raw material black tea with different fragrances and different tastes: mellow fruity type black tea, heave and mellow honey-orchid fragrance type black tea, strong flower fragrance type black tea, mellow high-fired fragrance type black tea, pure and mild sweet fragrance type black tea and delicate fresh sweet type black tea; 2) proportioning: blending the six kinds of raw material black tea to obtain a semi-finished product tea, wherein the six kinds of raw material black tea respectively have a weight ratio of 8-12%, 15-20%, 15-20%, 20-25%, 20-25% and 8-12%; and 3) performing fragrance extraction on the blended simi-finished product tea in a fragrance extracting machine at a temperature of 70-80 DEG C for 30-40 min to obtain the composite-flavor black tea. Through the method provided by the invention, the black tea having good and stable quality, full nutrition, a multi-layered composite fragrance, a composite flavor, a good taste and a good appearance is obtained.


Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by suprabasal cell separation (acantholysis) of the epidermis. Previous genetic linkage studies localized the gene to a 5 cM interval on human chromosome 3q21. After reducing the disease critical region to


In organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), the carrier injection from the source and drain electrodes depends on the contact resistance. Results of this study show, based on a dielectric physics analysis of a pentacene OFET as a Maxwell–Wagner (MW) effect element with the contact resistance, that the contact resistance leads to an increase in the time required for charge accumulation at the interface. Considering that background, the carrier injection, transport, and accumulation mechanisms were investigated. Capacitance frequency and time-resolved microscopic optical second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements were discussed, taking into account the usefulness of the MW model analysis, and to clarify the effect of contact resistance. Our experimental results corroborate our analysis, based on the carrier mechanism in OFETs, was supported by optical SHG measurements.


Machine Learning and Data Mining are applied to language datasets in order to discover patterns for English and other European languages, Arabic language belongs to the Semitic family of languages, which differs from European languages in syntax, semantic and morphology. One of the difficulties in Arabic language is that it has a complex morphological structure and orthographic variations. This study is conducted to examine knowledge discovery from AL-Hadith through classification algorithm in order to classify AL-Hadith to one of predefined classes (books), where AL-Hadith is the saying of Prophet Mohammed (Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him (PBUH)) and the second religious source for all Muslims, and because of its importance for Muslims all over the word knowledge discovery from AL-Hadith will make AL-Hadith more understandable for both Muslims and nonmuslims.


A nonlinear finite element analysis of the shaft loaded blister test is conducted to assess the accuracy of a commonly used analytical solution and to gain insight on the sensitivity of the calculated toughness values on test design parameters. Three sources of nonlinearity are considered in the analysis, namely elastic-plastic material behaviour, large displacements and contact at the shaft/film interface. New insights on the formation of the plastic zone and meaningful test design are obtained from the analysis of the numerical results and the comparison with the analytic solution.


Because the real road conditions are complex and changeable, the vehicle cannot drive normally according to the predetermined trajectory. Therefore, for the four-wheel drive electric vehicle, a trajectory tracking control method of joint planning layer is proposed. First, in the process of vehicle trajectory tracking, the obstacle avoidance trajectory is planned for the dynamic obstacle environment. Then, an MPC trajectory tracking controller with a velocity planning module is designed to reduce the lateral acceleration of the vehicle avoiding obstacles at high speed during trajectory tracking. Finally, CarSim/Simulink co-simulation verification and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation verification are carried out to verify the performance of the controller. The simulation results show that the trajectory planning module can successfully plan the trajectory of obstacle avoidance, and the improved MPC controller can effectively reduce the lateral acceleration of the target vehicle during trajectory tracking; HIL analysis shows that the MPC trajectory tracker with speed planning module can control the vehicle with good driving stability. Trajectory tracking control under urban road conditions will be considered in future research.


We prove that if a H\"older continuous fiber-bunched cocycle $\hat{A}$ over an invertible hyperbolic transitive shift $\hat{\Sigma}$ satisfies an appropriate strong irreducibility condition on Grassmannians, then $\hat{\Sigma}$ admits an ergodic measure $\hat{\mu}$ with full support and product structure with simple Lyapunov spectrum if and only if any other ergodic measure with full support and product structure also has simple Lyapunov spectrum.


The Internet Engineering Task Force has developed Mobile IP to handle mobility of Internet hosts at the network layer. Mobile IP, however, suffers from a number of drawbacks such as high handover latency, packet loss, and conflict with network security solutions. In this paper, we describe TraSH, a new Transport Layer Seamless Handover solution to mobility. TraSH utilizes multi-homing to achieve a seamless handover of a mobile host, and is designed to solve many of the drawbacks of Mobile IP. Various aspects, such as handover, signalling, location management, data transfer, and security considerations of TraSH are discussed. The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), with built-in multi-homing capability, is used to illustrate the concepts of TraSH.


The prognosis of tuberculous meningitis is closely linked to the stage at which treatment is started. The cerebrospinal fluid findings, however, are often ambiguous, It has been suggested by recent investigations that ADA activities in cerebrospinal fluid may help differentiate tuberculous meningitis from aseptic meningitis. In this study, cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activities were measured in 23 cases of tuberculous meningitis, 9 cases of aseptic meningitis, 9 cases of purulent meningitis, 24 cases of miscellaneous neurologic conditions and 23 cases of normal controls. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The mean ADA activity in tuberculous meningitis was 17.39±10,34 U/L, in bacterial meningitis 7.87±8.52 U/L, in aseptic meningitis 2.83±1.92U/L, in miscellaneous neurologic conditions 2.80±5.61U/L and in control 1,09±0.51U/L. 2) The ADA activitiies in tuberculous meningitis showed significantly higher values than in other groups (P<0.001), 3) Cerebrospinal fluid ADA activities differentiated tuberculous meningitis from those with aseptic meningitis being higher than 4.5U/L in all and higher than 6.5U/L in 96% case of tuberculous meningitis, but lower than 6,5U/L in aseptic meningitis and less than 3.5U/L in normal controls. 4) In tuberculous meningitis, ADA activities showed significant correlation with protein in cerebrospinal fluid (P<0.01), but in other groups, no significant correlation with available routine parameters in cerebrospinal fluid. It is suggested that measurement of ADA activity in cerebrospinal fluid is a available test which is relatively easily performed for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, especially differential diagnosis with aseptic meningitis.


The article focuses on the analysis of the phenomenon of bullying and civil paren- tal responsibility for acts committed by their children, educators of students, the state's res- ponsibility when it comes to public schools and the accountability of other in the midst of art. Fel Ci 932 of the Code of 2002, the obligation to compensate victims, and the local school en- vironment with a higher level of bullying. In general, the abuser is less, it is not responsible for their actions does not mean that there will be no liability to pay compensation because the Constitution states in Article. 5 of the right to compensation for moral damages.


Chemotherapy works through its activity on cancer cells. It generally suppresses cell-mediated immunity but also improves cell-mediated immune response by making tumor cells vulnerable to killing by cell-mediated immune responses as well as through its action on immunostimulant and immunosuppressive cells. Outcome of chemotherapy seems to be dependent on baseline tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TII) as well as changes in TII following chemotherapy in varieties of tumors. Evaluation of density and site of two TII is done in immunoscore. It is a better marker than evaluation of a single TII. Evaluation of TII can have prognostic and predictive value and can help in the better stratifying prognostic value of current classification.


Because of the interest aroused by a device made in this laboratory for the automatic drawing of samples from flowing gas, a brief description is being presented. The apparatus is in use here in conjunction with open-circuit respiratory metabolism determinations, the analyses for CO2 and O2 being performed on a Carpenter-Haldane analyzer, 1 but it can obviously be of service in any situation when it is desired to draw a continuous sample of gas over a set period of time. Benedict and Ritzman 2 have described a method of drawing gas samples by attaching a Lee pump 3 to gearing activated by electromagnets controlled from the gas meter. The present apparatus uses a larger pump of similar construction but with the stopcock built into the cylinder head. The driving power is transmitted by gears to the threaded shaft from an electric motor which runs the blower. The sampler has the following qualifications: Continuom drawing of a predetermined volume is obtained over a sect length of time, not dependent upon the rate of gas flow. Since a single electric motor drives both the blower and the sampler through separate gearing, variations in gas flow due to fluctuations in electric current will automatically be compensated for in the aliquot drawn. The separate gearing allows the operator to vary the collection time of samples and the velocity of air passage independently of each other but insures a constant aliquot at all times. Careful construction renders the sampler sufficiently gas tight so that a sample can be left in the apparatus (with the stopcock closed) for more than 12 hours with perfect safety. Accurate estimation of the volunie of samples can be obtained directly from the length of exposed pump shaft. In all, a rugged system has been evolved, capable of functioning continuously over long periods of time without requiring constant adjustment and attention.


Understanding wave breaking phenomena, especially the post-breaking turbulent dynamics, is a challenging problem that still lacks satisfactory understanding. The present study is concerned with the development of novel instrumentation adapted to obtain Lagrangian field measurements of essential variables that are intimately related to the physics of wave breaking. The subsequent turbulence generated upon the breaking point evolves into a complex hydrodynamic flow abounded by intense short-lived 3D vortex structures and the presence of air cavities and bubbles. In this article we describe the design, development and testing of miniature Lagrangian drifters equipped with 3-axis accelerometers as well as a High Definiton (HD) video camera. Two types of drifters were developed, one specifically designed to measure acceleration spectra and a larger version capable of measuring acceleration and bubble size distribution. Both versions are equipped with onboard flash memory units to record local quantities of the aforementioned variables. We have conducted lab experiments and also initial field observations in plunging waves with heights of 2 meters breaking over a coral reef. We have observed acceleration signatures which are believed to be the result of drifter entrainment into coherent vortex structures. We expect that after further development of these drifters, and the resulting field observations will likely yield substantial information about the Lagrangian frequency spectra of acceleration, time-dependent bubble size spectra and ultimately energy dissipation, giving us a new perspective on the dynamics of breaking waves. Furthermore, the device also shows promise for advancing our knowledge of the 3D distribution of vortex structures in the surf zone through the reconstruction of particles trajectories via dead reckoning. The authors are not aware of any previous study that reports this type of field measurements.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial resistance of clinical isolates from Shenzhen hospitals. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of the clinical isolates collected from Jan 2001 to Jun 2002 were tested by Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS In 1 734 clinical isolates, Gram positive organisms accounted for 40.6%, Gram negative ones were 59.4%. MRSA and MRCNS accounted for 37.8% and 78.8% of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci, respectively, no vancomycin resistant strains were found. 7.6% of Enterococcus faecalis was vancomycin resistant strains. The ESBLs producing strains accounted for 34.9% in Escherichia coli and 34.2% in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The resistance rates of ESBLs producing strains to most antimicrobial agents (except carbapenems) were much higher than those of non ESBLs-producing strains.CONCLUSIONS Bacterial resistance is still more serious than before. A unanimous effective strategy for this problem is urgently needed.


A new method is proposed whereby the energy spectrum of irreversible structural relaxation in metallic glasses can be reconstructed from the kinetics of torque relaxation under linear heating. The method is simple, quite accurate, and free from certain limitations inherent in known spectrum reconstruction methods. The real structural relaxation spectrum of a Co-based metallic glass was reconstructed from the analysis of a specially designed experiment. The form of the spectrum can be taken as evidence that plastic flow under the conditions of intense structural relaxation can proceed via atomic rearrangements in regions with both corrupted and good short-range order. In light of this result, doubt is expressed as to whether the concept of a pointlike defect can be used to describe plastic flow in noncrystalline materials.


A technique for electroforming pure gold margins on the abutment castings of bridge substructures made from gold alloys or base metals alloys has been described. The margin of gold can be burnished to compensate for errors inherent in the production of these castings and ceramic procedures. A modification of this procedure permits marginal adjustment to completed crowns and bridges with deficient margins.


Sparse CNN (SCNN) accelerators tend to suffer from the bus contention of its scatter network. This paper considers the optimizations of the scatter network. Several network topologies and arbitration algorithms are evaluated in terms of performance and area.


New Zealand immigration policy settings are based on the assumption that the macroeconomic impacts of immigration may be significantly positive, with at worst small negative effects. However, both large positive and large negative effects are possible. Reviewing the literature, the balance of evidence suggests that while past immigration has, at times, had significant net benefits, over the past couple of decades the positive effects of immigration on per capita growth, productivity, fiscal balance and mitigating population ageing are likely to have been modest. There is also some evidence that immigration, together with other forms of population growth, has exacerbated pressures on New Zealand's insufficiently-responsive housing market. Meeting the infrastructure needs of immigrants in an economy with a quite modest rate of national saving may also have diverted resources from productive tradable activities, with negative macroeconomic impacts. Therefore from a macroeconomic perspective, a least regrets approach suggests that immigration policy should be more closely tailored to the economy's ability to adjust to population increase. At a minimum, this emphasises the importance of improving the economy's ability to respond to population increase. If this cannot be achieved, there may be merit in considering a reduced immigration target as a tool for easing macroeconomic pressures. More work is required to assess the potential net benefits of an increase in immigration as part of a strategy to pursue scale and agglomeration effects through increased population, or whether a decrease in immigration could facilitate lower interest rates, a lower exchange rate, and more balanced growth going forward.


This paper presents the results of shaking table tests on a 1:15 scale 25-story RC flat plate residential building model. The following conclusions are drawn based on the test results: (1) Fundamental periods obtained from the white noise tests were about three times the period estimated by using the empirical equation for the other structures in Korea building code(KBC2009). (2) In the test simulating maximum considered earthquake(MCE), the maximum roof drift during shake-table excitations is smaller than that during the free vibration after termination of the shake table excitations. And, (3) The vertical distribution of acceleration under the initial excitations revealed the effect of higher modes with the free vibration after the shake table excitations being governed by the first mode.


Celonites montanus Mocsáry, 1906, described from the Alai Range in Kyrgyzstan, is synonymized with C. kostylevi Panfilov, 1961, syn. nov. and C. haemorrhoidalis Gusenleitner, 2012, syn. nov. (both also described from Kyrgyzstan). The species is reported from Kazakhstan (Almaty Province) for the first time. It was collected at nototribic flowers of Lagochilus platyacanthus Rupr. (Lamiaceae). Trophic relationships between C. montanus and its forage plant are discussed.


The available methods for tonometric measurement only provide the possibility of performing intermittent registrations. A new method allowing continuous tonometric measurement has been developed and tested in an in vitro model. A standard tonometer for intestinal measurement was modified to allow continuous perfusion of the balloon with physiological saline solution in a closed system. The in the system was determined in a specially constructed measurement chamber with a TCM20 percutaneous monitor. In this in vitro model the tonometer balloon was placed in a saline bath with a constant concentration and the measurements from the closed circulating system were compared with those obtained from a standard tonometer placed in the same bath. In 8 and 24 h experiments the circulating system measured the value as accurately and reliably as traditional tonometry. This study indicates that the new method makes continuous monitoring of possible. Keywords: tonometry, continuous, measurement


This chapter describes the current state of the art with regard to the contribution of prosody and gesture to the semantic and pragmatic expression and interpretation of negation. A review of the literature shows that three types of speech acts involving negation (e.g. denial, rejection, and metalinguistic negation) can be encoded through differentiated prosodic and gestural means across languages. Negative elements in denials tend to be prosodically highlighted through the use of high tones in tonal languages or pitch accentual prominence in intonational languages. By contrast, specific intonational contours are used differently across languages to express a speech act of rejection, whether in questions or in statements. Metalinguistic or corrective speech acts, which express a speaker's attitude of disapproval, can also be identified by means of prosodic prominence. All three types of speech act tend to be accompanied by specific gestures. This chapter also shows the central role played by prosody and gesture in the interpretation of the semantic scope of negation, as well as in the interpretation of negative shifts affecting so-called double negation phenomena and bare polar particle responses. The chapter concludes by analyzing the interaction between prosodic and gestural modes of communication in adult and child speech, and suggests possible avenues for further research on the prosody–gesture negation interface.


We display the entire structure R2 coding Σ1and Σ2elementarity on the ordinals. This leads to the first steps for analyzing pure Σ3-elementary substructures.


In a pair of temporal bones serial sectioning revealed widespread Paget's disease with otosclerosis on both sides and, at the right side, adenocarcinoma added. Stapedial fixation was produced on the right by otosclerosis, and on the left by Paget's disease. In the contest to reach the inner cochlear space, Paget was the winner on the left, where, at the tympanic scala, otosclerosis and Paget's disease almost met, while the immediately adjacent organ of Corti was uninvolved.


The utility model provides a dynamic tester with function of isolating test signals and power supplies. The dynamic tester comprises an RS485 communication circuit, a starting circuit and a hall current sensor circuit. The input end of a first isolation amplifier module circuit is connected with an input voltage test signal, and the signal output end of the first isolation amplifier module circuit is connected with a singlechip circuit; the input end of the hall current sensor circuit is connected with an input current test signal; the output end of the hall current sensor circuit is connected with the signal input end of a second isolation amplifier module circuit; the output end of the second isolation amplifier module circuit is connected with the singlechip circuit; the RS485 communication circuit, the starting circuit, a relay starting circuit and a buzzer starting circuit are connected with the singlechip circuit respectively; a third power supply circuit is connected with the first and the second isolation amplifier module circuits; a fifth power supply circuit is connected with the hall current sensor circuit; and a seventh power supply circuit is connected with the singlechip circuit and the RS485 communication circuit. The technical scheme ensures the complete isolation function among the input signals, the output signals and the power supplies, avoids the overvoltage phenomenon, and greatly improves the safeness.


The three Jnatas, the three aspects of wisdom, are sarva jna(ta), margajnata and sarvakara-jfiata. These are said in the Maha Prajnaparamitasutra (abr. MP) and the Abhisamayalamkara (abr. AA). We want to clarify the character of the three Jnatas, researching their development. The three Jnatas, in good order, are explained as follows: 薩婆若是一切聲聞辟支佛智, 道種智是菩薩摩詞薩智, 一切種智是諸佛智1). (sjhawujnata is the wisdom of all sravakas and pratyekabuddhas. Margajnata is that of bodhisattvas, mahasattvas. And sarvakarajnata is that of all buddhas.) But this definition is not always fixed throughout the MP. For instance, it is said everywhere in the MP that bodhisattva attains sarva-jnata and sarvakarajnata also. And the order of the three jnatas is unsettled especially in the earlier parts of MP. Even in the MP by which the definition of the three jnatas is given, we find this uncertainty and changing process of the three jfiata. Therefore, we ought to consider it, tracing back to early Buddhism.


......................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION............................................................. 3 Description and Definition of Multiple Disabilities............................................... 3 Transition to Adulthood.............................................................................. 4 Description and Definition of Problem Behaviour................................................ 6 Prevalence of Problem Behaviour in Young Adults with Multiple Disabilities............... 6 Factors that Maintain Problem Behaviour.......................................................... 7 Impact on the Individual and their Family.......................................................... 9 Description and Definition of Respite Care........................................................ 15 Impact of Respite Care on Family Environment................................................... 16 Māori Perspective of Disability and Intellectual Disability....................................... 18 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW................................................. 21 Common Approaches to Behaviour Problems..................................................... 21 Understanding Problem Behaviour.................................................................. 24 Functional Analysis........................................................................... 24 Functional Assessment........................................................................ 26


Although well understood in the single-agent framework, the use of traditional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in multi-agent systems (MAS) is not always justified. The feedback an agent experiences in a MAS, is usually influenced by the other agents present in the system. Multi agent environments are therefore non-stationary and convergence and optimality guarantees of RL algorithms are lost. To better understand the dynamics of traditional RL algorithms we analyze the learning process in terms of evolutionary dynamics. More specifically we show how the Replicator Dynamics (RD) can be used as a model for Q-learning in games. The dynamical equations of Q-learning are derived and illustrated by some well chosen experiments. Both reveal an interesting connection between the exploitation-exploration scheme from RL and the selection-mutation mechanisms from evolutionary game theory.


A new green technique for producing chromic acid via an electrosynthesis method was studied. The kinetic experiments were carried out on the direct electrosynthesis reaction of chromic acid from sodium dichromate in a self-made electrosynthesis reactor with a multiple-unit metal oxides combination anode, a stainless steel cathode, and a reinforcing combination Nafion (R) 324 cation exchange membrane. The apparent kinetic data were experimentally measured at different reaction time under different reaction conditions by relating many essential cell processes and their interaction, as well as their synergistic effect to the whole electrochemical synthesis process. The results show that the electrosynthesis reaction process follows a quasi-first-order reaction kinetic characteristic. The apparent kinetic model of the electrosynthesis reaction was established, and kinetic parameters were calculated.


were without doubt the foremost of their kind, with sources going back through Roman Republican and Hellenistic art to Athens in the late fifth and fourth centuries B.C. Research over the last quarter of a century has shown that these two altars had counterparts elsewhere in Italy (Perugia and possibly the Alban Hills, for instance), in southern France (Lugdunum-Lyons, Vienne, Arles and other cities), in Spain (Merida, Barcelona), and perhaps in the Greek imperial world.' In Attica, western to southwestern Asia Minor, and on Cyprus, Agrippa, Lucius Caesar, Augustus and others were shown in some form of commemorative relief.10 Permanent, public Julio-Claudian altars or historical precincts with sculptures in relief were probably fashioned as late as the first few years of Nero's reign (54 to 68). These buildings were often relatively small structures built of Italian or Greek marbles rather than local stones, although there was a class of such reliefs, somewhat more rustic, in which regional limestones were employed. In general, this form of imperial commemoration belonged almost exclusively to the cults of Augustus and his vast family. It never really survived the decimation of that family, which culminated in the inept, tragi-comic suicide of Nero. The Flavians and their successors into Antonine and Severan times, including Hadrian, preferred triumphal arches and columns or grand tours de force in the Pergamene tradition, such as the Great Antonine Altar at Ephesus and sundry theater balustrades.


A significant drawback of the activated sludge process is the production of excess 'sludge'; the disposal of which can account for 50–60% of the running costs of a wastewater treatment plant. We investigate a model for the activated sludge process in which the influent contains a mixture of soluble and slowly biodegradable particulate substrate. Within the bioreactor, the particulate substrate is hydrolyzed to form soluble substrate. In turn, these are used for growth by the biomass. Biomass decay produces slowly biodegradable substrate and non-biodegradable particulates. Steady-state analysis is used to investigate how the amount of sludge formed depends upon the residence time and the use of a settling unit. We show that when the steady-state sludge content is plotted as a function of the residence time that there are three generic response diagrams. The value of the effective recycle parameter determines which type of response diagram is observed. If this parameter is greater than a critical value, then the sludge content is guaranteed to be greater than a target value. The dependence of this critical value upon the chemical oxygen demand in the feed and how the chemical oxygen demand is partitioned between its constitutive components is investigated. Copyright © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Samuel Beckett's novels and plays are filled with lively vessels: emergent sites of subjectivity that blur the borderline between the human and nonhuman. When Malone Dies is read next to anthropological theories of the homunculus, a protocol of container animation emerges. Vital to this process is André Breton's image of the communicating vessels, a visual metaphor Beckett revises in The Unnamable. By adopting material containers as surrogate bodies, or by imagining life in hollow vessels, Beckett's characters encounter a self that exceeds the limits of the body—a form of projective identification that anticipates psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion's theorizing of the "container-contained."


The postnatal development of stereocilia was studied in the Syrian golden hamster. The purpose was to describe tae morphological changes underlying the differentiation of stereocilia bundles and to define the time course of their growth in different regions of the cochlea. Differentiation of the hair bundle occurred by progressive changes in stereocilia number, dimensions, and spatial relationships. The overall transformation of the bundle is interpreted as a four‐stage process involving the initial production of stereocilia (stage I), differentiation into tall and short populations (stage II), formation of distinct ranks (stage III), and resorption of excess stereocilia (stage IV). The orientation and arrangement of stereocilia during stage II began to occur before the tectorial membrane grew over the hair cell field.


White electroluminescence (EL) from ZnO/GaN structures fabricated by pulsed laser deposition of Zn:In onto GaN:Mg/GaN structures MOCVD-grown on Al2O3 substrates has been observed. The white light is produced by superposition of two strongest emission lines, narrow blue and broad yellow, peaked at 440 and 550 nm, respectively. The intensity ratio of different EL lines from ZnO/GaN/Al2O3 structures depends on the ZnO film quality and drive current. The white EL is due to the high density of structural defects at the n-ZnO/p-GaN interface. A band diagram of the n-ZnO/p-GaN/n-GaN is constructed and a qualitative explanation of the EL is given. Conditions of ZnO deposition strongly affects the properties of the recombination emission and predetermines the EL spectrum of the LED structure if it does not have high quantum efficiency (more than 1%) such as in commercial LEDs.


Author(s): Brown, Scott; Heathcote, Andrew | Abstract: Sequential sampling models of choice response time assume that many independent and noisy samples of evidence are accumulated during the course of making a single decision. The relative proportions and rate of evidence accumulation determine the response made and its latency. We show that a very successful sequential sampling model, Usher and McClelland's (2001) leaky competitive integrator model, may function adequately even without the fundamental sequential sampling assumption of variable evidence accumulation. It seems that other sources of (between-trial) variability commonly included in such models are sufficient to model the data. This reduced model (the ballistic accumulation model, or BAM) is shown to pass many of the most stringent tests for choice response time models.


Large-scale land acquisition projects by foreign investors, also known as "land grabbing," raise difficult questions about the processes of valuing land in Sub-Saharan Africa that the current literature does not sufficiently explore. Land acquisitions can help developing countries like Tanzania achieve their economic and development goals. Nonetheless, it can also threaten local livelihoods and well-being due to displacement, lack of access to natural capital, and conflicts between land users. Empirical evidence is limited on how local contexts affect the recognition and incorporation of multiple values that people hold about land into decisions on land acquisition projects in Tanzania. Plural valuation (PV) is needed to design more comprehensive and deliberative policy instruments that enhance nature's contributions to people. This empirical study uses sociocultural valuation approaches to assess the diverse values of land in the Bagamoyo district of Tanzania, impacts of EcoEnergy land acquisition project on local livelihoods, and contextual factors that enable or hinder incorporating PV into decisions. The findings suggest that synergies and conflicting values of land exist, and PV can serve as a negotiation support tool to reconcile the differences and land conflicts. The success of PV relies on the (1) extent of partnership and participation, (2) design of asset valuation process, (3) stakeholder goals, and (4) sociopolitical context. Currently, the risks of land acquisition projects outweigh the benefits to people in rural Tanzania. However, to realize the sustainable and equitable flow of the contributions of land to Tanzanians, the government should consider improving the valuation processes by (i) fostering recognition of neglected voices and marginalized people, (ii) rectifying power imbalances and injustices that result from current land valuation processes, (iii) reinforcing customary land rights and compensation policies, and (iv) adhering to the principle of free, prior, and informed consent.


The invention discloses an information sending method, is applied to a server, and is used for saving network resources. The method includes: obtaining first information that a first user terminal needs to send to a second user terminal, and first information being information related with first environment; obtaining first environment information of the first environment; judging whether the second user terminal is in the first environment based on the first environment information; and sending the first information to the second user terminal when the second user terminal is judged and determined to be in the first environment. The invention also discloses an information sending method corresponding to the abovementioned method and applied to user terminals, and discloses electronic equipment applied to a network side and electronic equipment applied to a user side which correspond to the two methods.


Gamma process has been extensively used to model monotone degradation data. Statistical inference for the gamma process is difficult due to the complex parameter structure involved in the likelihood function. In this paper, we derive a conjugate prior for the homogeneous gamma process, and some properties of the prior distribution are explored. Three algorithms (Gibbs sampling, discrete grid sampling, and sampling importance resampling) are well designed to generate posterior samples of the model parameters, which can greatly lessen the challenge of posterior inference. Simulation studies show that the proposed algorithms have high computational efficiency and estimation precision. The conjugate prior is then extended to the case of the gamma process with heterogeneous effects. With this conjugate structure, the posterior distribution of the parameters can be updated recursively, and an efficient online algorithm is developed to predict remaining useful life of multiple systems. The effectiveness of the proposed online algorithm is illustrated by two real cases.


This paper presents an analysis of multiple scrambling in Korean, where more than one constituents move to the sentence-initial position. To provide an analysis of multiple scrambling, I follow Kim (2011), where long-distance scrambling is analyzed as an instance of A-movement, whose landing site is the Spec TP in Korean. The guiding idea of my analysis is that multiple scrambling is subject to the same principles that apply to single-constituent scrambling. Peculiar behavior in multiple scrambling is that the scrambled phrases are interpreted locally to each other (Kempson & Kiaer 2010). I show that this locality is subsumed under the Minimal Link Condition (Chomsky 1995). I also show that a binding phenomenon in multiple scrambling is accounted for in my analysis. The locality and the binding in the multiple scrambling construction are subsumed under the general principles which are independently motivated in the theory of grammar.


Politeness in Chinese is a well-researched concept in pragmatics; however, this pioneering book sheds an original new light on the subject. It provides a thorough diachronic investigation of Chinese politeness, and argues for universality in politeness theorizing. The author takes us on a journey through changes in Chinese politeness from Confucius to the present day, showing how these processes are reactions to the changing world, rather than to changes in the principles of politeness itself. He splits Chinese face into Face1 and Face2 – the former referring to the person and the latter to the persona of the speaker - and presents a model of Chinese politeness (MCP). He then proposes B&L-E (Brown and Levinson Extended) by incorporating the theoretical constructs of self-politeness and impoliteness. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.


As a Christian theologian and a feminist, Anne Carr sees her task as the critical correlation of the Christian message with the contemporary experiences of women. Her conversational style is clear and accessible and the book competently argues the compatability of feminism and Christianity. A systematic attempt to explore the inherently liberative and empowering strands in Christian doctrine, the book suggests that women can live both in alienation from, yet also in critical relation with, the androcentric bias of traditional theology. Carr's reflections on the central Christian doctrines of God, Christology and Soteriology, provide a sure-footed guide to the state of scholarship until the time of publication. So also does the unusually full bibliography. Of particular interest is the light that she throws on points of contact between feminist writers and the Roman Catholic theologians, K. Rahner, E. Schillebeeckx and J. B. Metz, concerning theological anthropology. The clearly identified need is for an anthropology that better heeds the experiences of women and yet which does not set up a duality between male and female. Originally published in 1988, the book does not provide the type of analytic study of the debate between 'essentialism' and 'social construction theories' that is now required. Nevertheless, her comments upon the symbolic frameworks of relations between the sexes articulate the need for continued debate about the concept of gender and its social meanings. The closing chapter on Christian feminist spirituality probes distinctive elements within Christian spirituality and the implications for women. Central in much Christian and non-Christian feminism is the search for a spirituality that affirms women and the values which they have come to advocate. Carr's work contributes to an ongoing, fresh appreciation of the processes of imagination and deep emotional concentration that spring from women's experience. The book is a timely re-statement of the emancipatory and transformative content of Christian faith.


The technical flowsheet of selective copper flotation—cyanide leaching of gold of the arsenicand sulfur concentrate-cyanide tailing to be adopted for the recovery of gold and copper in an ore overseas was introduced.The ore contains 3.40g/tAu,16.9g/tAg,1.07%Cu,1.16%As and 5.38%TS,the gold and copper minerals of which are finelydisseminated and complicatedly embedded and the gold distribution in which is scattered,most of which are wrapped by sulfide and gangues.Meanwhile,the content of arsenic is relatively high.So it belongs to a complicated and refractory gold-copper ore containing high arsenic.The combined inhibitor of lime and sodium sulfite was adopted to suppress arsenic,which can get the qualified gold-copper concentrate that can be directly sold.When hot-press pre-oxidation was adopted to recover gold in the sulfur-arsenic and cyanide leaching was adopted to recover gold in the tailings.The comprehensive recovery of copper and gold was reached 83.47% and 87.20%respectively.


Much effort is devoted to explaining and forecasting changes in marketings of agricultural commodities. The usual procedure involves formulating hypotheses about behavior of individual producers, then testing them and quantifying relationships by using aggregate data. The purpose of this paper is to suggest and illustrate a procedure that may provide a foundation for improved explanation and prediction of period-to-period changes in marketings. The procedure uses data obtained from individual producers to test hypotheses about period-to-period changes. Results obtained from an application of this procedure (to analysis of year-to-year changes in hog marketings) suggest that expected profitability alone is unlikely to provide either a very complete explanation or accurate predictions of year-to-year changes.