MOD17A3 NPP datasets from 2000-2010 and meteorological data were used to quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal variations of vegetation NPP and its correlation with meteorological factors by using linear regression and correlation analysis methods in Guangxi. Results show: (1) the annual NPP ranged from 626 to 715 g C·m-2·a-1, with an average of 663 g C·m-2·a-1. The average annual vegetation NPP was higher in the west and east while lower in the middle and north part of the study area. The highest NPP (> 900 g C·m-2·a-1) mainly distributed in Baise, Chongzuo, Fangchenggang and Wuzhou. While the lowest NPP (<450 g C·m-2·a-1) mainly located in cities of Guigang and Hezhou. (2) In recent 11 years, the linear changing trend of NPP in Guangxi was decreased slowly. The regions of NPP with no significant difference (P>0.05), increased significantly (P<0.05) and decreased significantly (P<0.05) were respectively about 93.15%, 0.80% and 6.05% of the total study area. The area with an annual NPP decreased rate lower than -10% occupied 26.96% of the total study area, and the area with more than 10% NPP increment was 8.37%, and an unchanged area (NPP variation from -10% to 10%) accounted for 64.68%. (3) At the annual time scale, the correlations between vegetation NPP and temperature/precipitation were spatially various in Guangxi. The correlation of vegetation NPP with temperature was positive in 58.41% of the total area, and negative in the rest 41.59%, while its correlation with precipitation was positive in 38.16% of the study area, and negative for the other 61.84%. The above analysis indicated that temperature affecting vegetation growth more remarkable than precipitation.


Electrocardiogram signals (ECG) are among the most important sources of diagnostic information in healthcare. During ECG measurement, there may be various noises which interfere with the ECG information identification that cause a misinterpretation of the ECG signal. In this paper, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) were used to overcome these problems. These techniques are applied to a noisy electrocardiogram abnormal signal obtained by adding white noise. A comparative performance study of these three techniques in terms of several standard metrics was used. The EEMD was chosen for its better localization of the components of the ECG signal. The non-stationary and non-linear nature of the ECG signals makes the use of time-frequency techniques inevitable. The parametric and non-parametric time– frequency techniques allow giving simultaneous interpretation of the non-stationary signal in both time and frequency which allows local, transient or intermittent components to be elucidated. In this paper, the parametric techniques used are periodogram (PE), capon (CA) and time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) and non-parametric techniques used are Smoothed Pseudo Affine Wigner Distributions (SPAWD) and S-transform (ST). The abnormal signal used is obtained from the patient with an atrial fibrillation. The PE technique shows its superior performance, in terms of resolution and interference-terms suppressing, as compared to other time-frequency techniques used in this paper. From the obtained results, the EEMD technique is a more powerful tool for elimination and restoration of the original signal than the other techniques used in this paper. This study shows that the combination of the EEMD and the Periodogram techniques are a good issue in the biomedical field.


A Markov chain model was used to model the axial mixing of solid particles in a motionless mixer having no moving parts. One step transition probabilities were determined experimentally for the model. Based on these transition probabilities, the model was able to predict spatial distribution of tracer particles up to seven steps of the Markov chain, which was equivalent to seven consecutive passes of the mixture through the mixer. Experimental results were in good agreement with those predicted from the Markov chain model.


In the article a general simulation task of index-2 differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is considered. To overcome difficulties connected with a nonlinear process dynamics, a new constraints type — the variability constraints — was introduced. The designed solution procedure is based on a multiple shooting method — it was assumed, that process dynamics in each shooting interval is constant. Therefore, the presented methodology can be treated as an extended direct shooting approach for simulation of the index-2 DAE equations with the variability constraints, which have an important practical application in various areas of applied informatics, e.g. manufacturing process modeling, simulation and optimization. Finally, the presented methodology was investigated on a two-phase reactor simulation task, which was described by the index-2 differential-algebraic equations.


Over the past 10 years, geodynamo simulations have grown rapidly in sophistication. However, it is still necessary to make certain approximations in order to maintain numerical stability. In addition, models are forced to make assumptions about poorly known parameters for the Earth's core. Different magnetic Prandtl numbers have been used and different assumptions about the presence of radiogenic heating have been made. This study examines some of the consequences of different approximations and assumptions using the Glatzmaier–Roberts geodynamo model. Here, we show that the choice of magnetic Prandtl number has a greater influence on the character of the magnetic field produced than the addition of a plausible amount of radiogenic heating. In particular, we find that prescribing a magnetic Prandtl number of unity with Ekman number limited by current computing resources, results in magnetic fields with significantly smaller intensities and variabilities compared with the much more Earth-like results obtained from simulations with large magnetic Prandtl numbers. A magnetic Prandtl number of unity, with both the viscous and magnetic diffusivities set to the Earth's magnetic diffusivity, requires a rotation rate much smaller than that of the Earth for currently reachable Ekman numbers. This results in a reduced dominance of the Coriolis forces relative to the buoyancy forces, and therefore, a reduction in the magnetic field intensity and the variability compared to the large Prandtl number cases.


Context: Prevalence of metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and osteoporosis has been increased. Herbal medicine is an accessible, safe, and low-cost option in managing and caring for metabolic disorders. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of global scientific productions in herbal medications and metabolic disorders in the Middle East countries. Study Selection: Our search terms were "diabetes", "dyslipidemia", "obesity", "osteoporosis", "metabolic syndrome", "herb", and "herbal medicine" in Middle East countries through the Scopus database until January 2020. We analyzed the data regarding publication year, main journal, geographical distribution, document type, subject area, co-authorship network, the h-index of citations by Scopus analysis tools, Visualizing Scientific Landscapes (VOSviewer) version 1.6.4, and SPSS version 15. Results: Among 6408 global publications, most of the papers (> 85%) were original articles, and mostly (44.26%) were about dyslipidemia. A significant time-trend was shown in the number of documents (P < 0.001), mostly in 2019. Medicine and pharmacology were subject areas in > 80% of papers. The top country in the global publication number was Iran. The highest cited papers in dyslipidemia, obesity and osteoporosis were original articles from Turkey and Egypt, but in T2DM and MetS the highest cited paper was a review article from Iran. The top sources were "Phytotherapy Research" and "the Journal of Ethnopharmacology". The top institutes were from Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia and the principal author in the co-authorship network assessment was from Iran. Conclusions: The time-trend growth in producing scholarly papers in the studied disorders is appreciated, but more evidence-based articles are still needed.


EVM measurements of amplifiers in sub-mm bands is a requirement for new 6G implementations. But limitations in signal generation quality and instrumentation, particularly phase noise, limits the ability to measure EVM and just as importantly, limits the ability to measure and correct distortion in sub-mm bands. Here we show a novel system using DDS derived sources which are all clocked from the same, high-performance, fundamental high-frequency clock. Derived from previous work on frequency converter measurements, this method provides a dramatic improvement in the ability to measure EVM, isolating the amplifier measurements from the phase noise of the test system. Examples in D-band and fully illustrated as well as extensions to G-band (220-320 GHz). Measurement results for several variations of systems are shown 6G, D-band, EVM, DPD, Amplifiers, DDS.


Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel comprised of modified natural extracellular matrix (ECM) components, making it a potentially attractive material for surface modification. In this paper, we hypothesize that establishing a GelMA hydrogel coating on titanium surface will accelerate osseointegration. Titanium substrates were silanized with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), which was treated by alkali-heated treatment firstly. The GelMA hydrogel coating was constructed on the silanized titanium surface by in situ photopolymerization under UV illumination. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto modifed titanium surfaces was investigated. The results showed that GelMA-coated titanium adsorbed greater amount of protein than other Ti surfaces. The differences in protein adsorption behavior could result in very different initial cellular behavior on GelMA-coated titanium implant surfaces.


The paper presents the synthesis and characterizationof an ylidic polymer derived from monosubstituted carbanion of the dipyridylium ylide and 3,3-bis-(iodomethyl)oxetane, obtained by interphase-transfer polycondens- ation reaction. The synthesized polymers are characterized by elemental analysis and 1H NMR, 13 C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The polymers obtain- ed have low molecular weights, probably due to steric hindrances, chains polarity and interphase-transfer process.


Phytochemicals are bioactive non-nutrient plant components that have gained considerable attention as photoprotective agents in providing certain health benefits and are well known for their powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential [1-2, 8]. Phytochemicals found in plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, cereals, and grains) belong to several classes according to their chemical structures and physiological functions and include polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phytoalexins, phenols, anthocyanidins, nitrogen compounds (polyamines), chlorophyll derivatives, beta carotene (pro-vitamin A), and other carotenoids, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), folic acid, and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). Figure 1 illustrates the classification of dietary phytochemicals, which are widely distributed with different structures at the tissue, cellular, and sub-cellular levels. While it has been reported that there are over 4,000 phytochemicals, the most studied are the phenolics (largest category of phytochemicals) and carotenoids [3, 5], whereas some phytochemicals are distributed only among limited taxonomic groups. For example, glucosinolates are only found in the crucifer‐ ous vegetables crops, whereas the occurrence of sulfides is restricted to the Liliaceae. Addi‐ tionally, each fruit and vegetable species has a distinct profile of phytochemicals, which is also within a special phytochemical group [4]. Many phytochemicals, particularly the pigment molecules, are often concentrated in the outer layers of the various plant tissues [5]. Some sources of phytochemicals include lycopene from tomatoes, isoflavones from soy, β-carotene from carrots, and anthocyanins from blueberries and grapes. The phytochemicals lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids found in spinach, kale, and turnip greens. Another group of phytochemicals called allyl sulfides are found in garlic and onions. http://www.cancer.org/ treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitamin‐ sandminerals/phytochemicals


We present a new ghost-imaging experiment that is realized by exploiting two intense correlated beams. The beams involved are signal and idler of a seeded parametric downconversion. The peculiarity of this scheme is that the seed field is an intense pseudo-thermal field generated by passing a laser beam through two rotating ground glass plates.


Aims: To assess patient receipt of written information. To ensure patients understand the written information about a resuscitation policy and to determine whether they disapproved of or had concerns about the policy.

Methods: All admissions to four wards of the hospital were approached for an interview. A set questionnaire was asked by one of 2 interviewers.

Results: 72% of 572 admissions were interviewed. Refusal accounted for only 2 of the people not interviewed. 11% were unable to advocate for themselves by reason of mental incompetence, inability to communicate or impairment secondary to their illness.

Of the 401 interviewed only 49% recalled receiving the patient information booklet. Few patients (17%) recalled reading the information in the patient information booklet. They were all then given the paragraph about the hospital's resuscitation policy. 352 were asked their understanding and only 61% demonstrated that they understood the paragraph. 91% of all 401 patients approved of the hospital having the option of DNR orders. 31% of people however had concerns related to DNR orders. These are discussed.

Conclusions: Many acutely unwell patients are unable to advocate for themselves. Written information is a poor method of communicating with patients. There was limited receipt of the information and many misunderstood the paragraph about the hospitals resuscitation policy. There was a wide range of patient thoughts and concerns expressed.


A rigorous method is proposed for calculating the spatial distribution of the potential of a spatially periodic electrostatic field in the gap between two planar strip lattices and for periodic structures with cylindrical symmetry. A computer is used to calculate and plot equipotential lines and the variation of the potential in the gap between structure found by rigorously solving the problem can differ appreciably (by up to 20%) from the values found from approximate solutions in which the rigorous boundary conditions are replaced by sinusoidal distributions of the potcntial in the planes of the lattice strips. (auth)


The objective of this study is to define the influ-ence of working speed on the traction force of a direct sowing machine with complex coulters and various press wheels (a narrow disc and a finger disc) under various soil compactions. The machine was pulled at three different speeds – 5 km•h -1 , 7 km•h -1 , and 9 km•h -1 – in soils of three different compactions. In the first trial soil compaction was 44 kPa at 50 mm depth, in the second trial – 493 kPa, in the third trial – 827 kPa. The traction force was measured using six sensors – three for horizontal force, two for vertical force, and one for side force. The research indicated that pulling direct sowing machine without a press wheel at working speed of 5 km•h-1 requires almost the same total traction force as pulling direct sowing machine with a narrow disc press wheel, while sowing machine with tined disc requires higher traction force at approximately 0.06 kN. Increasing the working speed of direct sowing machine with disc press wheel up to 7 km•h -1 , horizontal traction force increases, while vertical traction force decreases. Increasing the working speed up to 9 km•h -1 , the traction forces do not expose significant increase compared to the working speed of 7 km•h -1 . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.20.5.7149


The purpose of this research is to examine: (1) influence of individual factor to acceptance learning based on technology web at accountancy student in Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, (2) influence of technological factor to acceptance learning based on technology web at accountancy student in Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Respondents of this research are accountancy student Sebelas Maret University Surakarta which have accessed internet. Examination data conducted with validity test, reliability, and classic assumption. Data analysis use analysis of multiple regressions. The results of this research are: (1) there is influence of individual factor for self efficacy to acceptance learning based on technology of web at accountancy student Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. This Result consistence with Brown (2002), Tse et al. (2007), and Basile and of D Aquila (2002). Many student which like with and computer of internet and give attitude which are positive. Tse et al. ( 2007) concluding efectivity of usage of approach based on web to student taking pharmacology science, (2) there is no influence of individual factor for anxiety computer to acceptance learning based on technology of web at accountancy student Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. This Result consistence with Mc Elroy ( 2007), (3) there is influence of technological factor to acceptance learning based on technology of web at accountancy student Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Sampel which is used the next research broader, not only accountancy student in UNS. Independent variable which used in the next research suggested to be added. Because possible there are many other factor which have an effect on to acceptance learning based on web technology. Keywords: learning based on Web Ct, self efficacy, computer anxiety,


Logistics cooperation in Northeast Asia is a breaking point of its global economic development strategies,we use comparative method to analyze the four country's characteristics of logistics resources. Combining with the current logistics conditions as well as the resources characteristics of the four country, we put forward main points of the joint build of logistics cooperation highland, logistics infrastructure construction, safeguard measures and suggestions as the four country's logistics cooperation framework. The purpose is to provide advice for the government and the logistics operation parties to cooperate and to promote the logistics cooperation practice.


A vehicle-control / regulating device (10) connected to a vehicle state shift control / regulating unit for allowing an on / off switching control / regulation of an on-board device or a start / stop switch control / regulation a drive source through a normal pushing operation of a start / stop switch SSSW when the vehicle is currently stopped, and for preventing stop control / regulation of the driving source by the normal pushing operation of the start / stop switch SSSW and Eger Bender stop control / regulation of the drive source is equipped by a special pressing operation of the start / stop switch SSSW when the vehicle is currently traveling. An advancing evaluation unit (44) judges that the vehicle (12) is momentarily stopped when an abnormality in at least occurred signals to one of a plurality and all of the signals that have not been evaluated as abnormal stop signals.


This work presents a new approach to the on-line evaluation of the insulation of electric machines. Through the proposed system, it is possible to identify the stress agents causing the degradation of the insulation of low- and medium-voltage machines. In addition, the estimation of the time-to-failure (TF) of the insulation is developed based on linear stochastic models autoregressive moving average and artificial neural networks. The identification of the stress agent and the estimation of the TF give a complete prognosis for the predictive monitoring of the machine insulation.


An optimization problem concerning deterministic queuing networks is considered. The optimization problem examined is relevant to the routing policy of incoming customers which have to flow through the network. The cost functional is the customer mean flow time. The authors survey all the results previously obtained for the simplest case, and propose further results concerning more complex queuing networks.<<ETX>>


This paper introduces the procedures,its methods and its results of carrying out risk assessment in Qingdao hazardous chemicals enterprises,and offers risk control measures and advice.It plays an important role in safety production during 2008 Olympic and Paralympic sailing game.


29 Today, the microbiological conversion of biosphere renewable resources for the purpose of receiving of commercial products, in particular, the biofuel, is one of the recent problems of biotechnology [1]. Anaerobic bacteria of the Clostridiaсeae family are known as producers of one of the most promising biofuels, the biobutanol. Currently, the microbiological synthesis of butanol during the classical acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation is economically unprofitable. The creation of commercial biobutanol technology requires high-yielding strains and an affordable, cheap and preferably renewable raw material — the plant biomass [2]. Industrial production of butanol based on microbiological synthesis was established in the early twentieth century and is related to the production of acetone (as a concomitant process) by Clostridium acetobutylicum with the production of acetone, butanol and ethanol on a 3:6:1 ratio and the using of corn flour as a substrate [3, 4]. In the classical ABE fermentation, the oil, propionic, lactic and acetic acids (acid formation stage) were produced by C. acetobutylicum at the initial stages, and eventually, the hydrogen index decreased and the production stage of butanol, acetone, and ethanol began (alcohol formation stage). The increasing demand for butanol and the sharp increase in petrochemical production have led to the fact that the biotechnological process for the butanol production became economically unprofitable and has been replaced by a more efficient chemical synthesis. In recent years, there has been renewed interest in butanol biotechnology not only as a raw material in the plastic, paint and varnish production and in printing and pharmaceutical applications, but also as an alternative fuel [5]. Today, the biofuels account for only 2% of all fuels used. Biofuel consumption volume in the fuel market is projected to reach 30% in the next 5–7 years [6]. The recent studies were related to the search for new productive strains that produce butanol and cheap non-food raw materials as a substrate [7, 8] and the optimization of butanol biotechnology. The following stages of butanol biotechnology optimization can be identified: 1 — primary selection of producer strains; 2 — determination of preferable UDС 579.222 https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech12.05.029


For as long as epileptic seizures have been recognized, those who suffer them have been suspected of being under the influence of supernatural forces. At various times in human history, these forces have been characterized as either benevolent or, more commonly, evil. Although the origin of such prejudice is difficult to identify it is likely that the dramatic psychic and behavioral manifestations of convulsive seizures were largely responsible for these unfortunate misperceptions. In modern medicine, new-onset convulsive seizures are still frightening and often herald an ominous prognosis in the minds of both laypersons and health care personnel. These perceptions arise less from fears that the affected individual is "possessed" and that the brain may have been damaged by the ictal stimulus. Physicians, family members, and patients want to know what caused the seizure, will there be permanent brain damage, and is the seizure likely to recur? Among the many factors considered in the differential diagnosis of new-onset seizures, drugs and other toxins are frequently among the usual suspects. Pharmacists, toxicologists, emergency department physicians, and neurologists often face the dilemma of determining the likelihood that the seizure is drug induced, and the equally perplexing question of how to manage these events optimally. Determining the cause of a seizure suspected of being drug induced is difficult because of the


Kris Frady is an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Educational and Organizational Leadership and Development and Engineering and Science Education at Clemson University and Faculty Director for Clemson University Center for Workforce Development (CUCWD) and the National Science Foundation Advanced Technological Education Center for Aviation and Automotive Technological Education using Virtual E-Schools (CA2VES). Her research and experiences include implementation of digital learning solutions, development of career pathways including educator professional development, and analysis of economic development factors impacting education and workforce development. Kris earned an Ed.D. in Curriculum and Instruction in Education Technology from the University of Florida and also holds business and teaching degrees from Clemson University and the University of South Carolina. Kris has previously worked as a professional corporate trainer, as an instructor at a two-year institution, and as a career and technology education teacher at the high school level. Kris and the CUCWD/CA2VES team aim to develop an exchange which will help identify, understand, and elevate best practices; facilitate peer learning and deepen knowledge; spark replication and advancement across regions; and inform long-term public investment in talent development through research and educational resources.


Background In this study, we aimed to review the consequences of coronary endarterectomy with coronary artery bypass grafting, and assess outcomes of this combined surgical technique for patients with diffuse coronary artery disease in a single surgeon's practice. Methods We retrospectively reviewed outcome of 1198 endarterectomized coronary artery in 1000 patients with diffuse coronary artery disease, who have had experienced coronary endarterectomy with off pump coronary artery bypass grafting in between 2009 and 2016. Results The mean age was 61.5 ± 5.5 years. Coronary endarterectomy was performed on 74.7% in the left coronary territory (43.2% left anterior descending, 26.6% diagonal, 4.9% Obtuse Marginal), and 25.3% in the right coronary territory. Post-operative intensive care unit mortality rate was 1.9%, and there were 11 (1.1%) late deaths. Mean intensive care unit stay was 36.6 ± 6.7 hours. Patients were extubated following a mean of 9.8 ± 1.25 hours. The mean duration of hospital stay was 10 ± 1 days. One-year survival rate was 97.8% and 89.5% survival rate was at 5 years follow up. However, 91.8% of patients were angina free at median follow-up of 2.5 years. Conclusion Coronary endarterectomy with off pump coronary artery bypass grafting is attainable and accomplishes surgical revascularization in coronary artery disease patients when there is no other alternative for sufficient revascularization.


In support of LLL material safeguards program, a dynamic process model was developed which simulates the performance of a plutonium (IV) oxalate precipitator. The plutonium oxalate precipitator is a component in the plutonium oxalate process for making plutonium oxide powder from plutonium nitrate. The model is based on state-of-the-art crystallization descriptive equations, the parameters of which are quantified through the use of batch experimental data. The dynamic model predicts performance very similar to general Hanford oxalate process experience. The utilization of such a process model in an actual plant operation could promote both process control and material safeguards control by serving as a baseline predictor which could give early warning of process upsets or material diversion. The model has been incorporated into a FORTRAN computer program and is also compatible with the DYNSYS 2 computer code which is being used at LLL for process modeling efforts.


Seven new species of Cliffortia L. endemic to the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) are described. C. anthospermoides . C. cruciata . C. ferricola , C. gracillima . C. perpendicularis . C . sparsa and C. weimarckii . A further species from the Graaff- Reinet area, described by Weimarck but not formally named, is here given the name C. bolusii . New varieties C cuneata var. cylindrica and C.filifolia var arenaria are also described, and C. gracilis Harv. is recombined as C. dentata var. gracilis . Cliffortia discolor Weim. and C.  hermaphroditica Weim. are reduced to synonyms of C.  odorata L.f. and C. juniperina L.f. respectively. There are now 132 species recognized in Cliffortia, 124 of which are found in the CFR and 109 endemic to the region.


This paper discusses the extension of the steamflood process to the recovery of light oil and the state of the art of this emerging technology. A review of the various steamflood mechanisms indicates that distillation will dominate if steam is injected into light-oil reservoirs. The results of light-oil steamflood laboratory studies, computer simulations, and field projects are also reviewed. A rough screening guide for selecting a light-oil steamflood candidate is discussed. New areas of advanced steamflooding technology need to be developed and field tested before light-oil steamflooding can be applied on a routine basis, as is currently the case for heavy-oil steamflooding.


—This paper explores the extent to which senior man- agers using standard management models as tools for developing corporate strategy, structures and culture are likely to be encouraged to adopt green IT. A range of standard management models are considered: strategic, tactical and operational. Analysis reveals that many standard models, in particular older ones that rely heavily on numbers and take a narrow view of corporate responsibility, are not favourable to the adoption of green IT. Accordingly, managers need to avoid excessive reliance on such models and should consider using models which take account of softer issues, in particular those models which address sustainability directly. There is a need for the development of new management models, which more explicitly integrate traditional bottom line considerations with the wider ethical responsibilities of companies, including sustainability. Cameron and Quinn's "Competing Values Framework" is used as a tool to explore organizational culture. A statistical analysis of a survey of organizational culture and greenness is presented. It is concluded that organizational culture has a major impact on the adoption of green IT and consideration must be taken of it when introducing green IT initiatives.


Within psychology there is a long history of connectionist models that include localist representations. That is, models that contain single units that represent meaningful "things" (such as letters, words, objects, and faces). Perhaps the classic example is the interactive activation (IA) model of visual word identification by McClelland and Rumelhart (1981): words are represented with individual units, and word identification occurs when a given unit is activated beyond some threshold. By contrast, in connectionist models that include distributed representations, often called Parallel Distributed Processing models, meaningful things are coded as a pattern of activation across many units, and each unit is involved in representing multiple things. Over the past 30 years localist and distributed models have been advanced across a wide range of domains, including visual and spoken word identification, shortterm memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, object perception, face perception, motor control, etc. This distinction is fundamental because the two classes of models represent, process, and learn information in qualitatively different ways, and as a consequence, they often make different predictions about behaviour within a given domain. Accordingly, within psychology, the primary evidence for localist vs. distributed representations is based on comparing the relative successes of these two classes of models in explaining human behaviour. Within neuroscience a similar issue has been discussed, although it has played a smaller role in shaping theory. In this case, the question is whether single neurons represent specific meaningful things (grandmother cells) or meaningful things are coded by many neurons and each neuron represents many things (distributed representations). The primary evidence for and against grandmother cells comes from single-cell recording studies that assess how selectively neurons respond to various forms of inputs (e.g. faces, objects, words, etc.). For over 50 years neuroscientists have been reporting cases of single neurons responding highly selectively to meaningful things, from oriented lines in primary visual cortex to images of faces in inferotemporal cortex and hippocampus. Nevertheless, grandmother cells are generally dismissed for a variety of reasons. Perhaps most critically, research has shown that many (millions) of neurons fire in response to a given input, and all neurons appear to respond to a range of different things. Indeed, even when a neuron in a given experiment responds to only one out of many images tested, it is assumed (quite plausibly) that it would fire to some other (untested) images (e.g. Waydo, Kraskov, Quiroga, Fried, & Koch, 2006). Accordingly, the most striking examples of selective neural responding are often taken as evidence for highly sparse and selective coding rather than for grandmother cells. Does the neuroscience settle this issue? To many the answer is clear: both localist representationsandgrandmother cells are considered biologically implausible. However, a number of theoretical issues need to be addressed in psychology and neuroscience before any strong conclusions are warranted (Bowers, 2009). Let me highlight two examples. First, the rejection of grandmother cells should not be taken as evidence against localist representationswithin psychology because neuroscientists mean something quite different by grandmother cells. Grandmother cells are generally characterised as neurons that respond to only one thing, with no firing above baseline to other things (e.g. Gross, 2002). By contrast, localist representations do not share this attribute. Consider the IA model of visual word identification (McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981). When a given word is input to the model many units become active across the feature, letter, and word levels of the network, and critically, a given word unit responds to multiple words. For instance, the localist unit for DOG is activated most strongly to the input <DOG> but it is also activated (to a lesser extent) by the visually similar words <HOG> and <LOG> by virtue of their shared letters. This unit does not behave like a grandmother cell, and nevertheless, it is the prototypical instantiation of a localist representation. Accordingly, there is no reason to reject localist models based on the observation that even highly selective neurons respond to a small number of related inputs. Second, although various results from neuroscience rule out some versions of grandmother theories, there has been little consideration of whether the brain computes with localist representations. For example, do single neurons sometimes represent one specific thing by becoming active beyond some threshold while at the same time becoming partially active in response to similar things (like a localist word representations in the IA)? As noted above, the theoretical distinction between localist and distributed coding is critical, but there has been almost no consideration of the relative biological plausibility of these two approaches in neuroscience. The common rejection of grandmother cells has contributed to a failure to fully engage with many key issues in psychology and neuroscience, such as: Are some types of problems best solved with localist representations and others with sparse distributed representations, and still others with highly distributed representations? Are there computational limitations of distributed coding schemes that are overcome with localist models (or vice versa)? My hope is that this special issue will provide a collection of papers from psychology and neuroscience that will


A study was conducted entitled Data - Driven Community and Extension Services for Project Decisions with Analytics were conducted to help the selected institution in establishing its goals and making strategic decisions. The main objective of the study is to develop a system for the Cavite State University (CvSU) – Carmona campus, Philippines that would able to monitor and analyze community-related data for decision making. Specifically, it aims to develop a module for the analyzation of the possible target barangay, based on the number of households with income below in the poverty threshold, unemployment rate (by sex and barangay) and children (ages 6 to16 years old) who are not attending school (by sex and barangay); create a module for the community needs assessment that can be accessed online by the employees of the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Carmona, Cavite; recommend extension services through the use of decision tree algorithm; monitor the community extension projects; evaluate the extension project and instructor at the end of the training; provide reports which include gender distribution, trainee's performance, expenditures of different community extension service projects, tracer report of the trainees and project's sustainability; and evaluate the system in terms of the level of acceptability in accordance with ISO 25010 – Product Quality. Rapid Application Development model was used for the software development of the system, PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor as its programming language, C4.5 decision tree algorithm, and descriptive analytics for the visualization of the data. The system was evaluated by 63 respondent which composed of faculty members of CvSU-Carmona and employees of the LGU of Carmona, Cavite using the adapted evaluation form from the International Organization for Standardization 25010. The system obtained a computed weighted mean of 4.37 for the system testing and 4.71 for the acceptance testing with an adjectival rating of outstanding for both testings. It entails that the developed system was accepted and was able to use for project decisions.


This article presents quantitative results from the first three cohorts of a school leadership residency program in an urban district. The two-year leadership residencies were selective, multifaceted, and intensive, combining at least 370 hours of professional development with onthe-job training, in which aspiring school principals held either assistant-level administrative or teacher leadership roles. Using a difference-in-differences framework with school fixed-effects for all schools in the state, we present estimated effects of school staffing by leadership program residents and alumni on schools' academic achievement, behavior, graduation rates, and school culture as described by teachers. The effect of each leadership resident-by-year in an administrative role is estimated as an additional 14% of a standard deviation in math scale scores, 10% of a standard deviation in ELA scale scores, and 2.5 percentage points in four-year graduation rates. However, estimated effects on student attendance and suspensions move in the opposite of the desired directions, and there is little evidence of a relationship between leadership residency placements and teachers' reports of school culture. Robustness checks limited to the treatment city indicate some sensitivity to the definition of the counterfactual sample. Three years after program inception, due to the contracting nature of the district, one of 30 entering residents had moved into a position as a school principal. Consequently, these estimates shed new light on the effects of instructional leadership by educators in supporting roles.


Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate arm of the immune system; as such NK cells can be activated rapidly to target virus-infected and tumor cells without prior sensitization. The human NK-92 cell line is among the most widely used NK cells in preclinical research studies and have also been approved for clinical applications. In this study we evaluated how osteoblasts (OSB), which are bone forming cells and a key cellular component of the bone marrow microenvironment, modulate the cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells against the MM.1S multiple myeloma (MM) cell line. Previous studies have shown that OSB confer drug resistance in MM and other cancers that metastasize to the bone marrow. We report here that in the presence of OSB, NK-92 cells secreted less perforin and granzyme A, resulting in a concomitant decrease in MM.1S cells killing. The physical presence of OSB and NK-92 cells in the cultures also induced IL-6 and IL-10 production; two cytokines which are known to impair the NK cell immunity against multiple myeloma and other cancers. OSB supernatant also conferred cytoprotection to MM.1S, suggesting a dual mechanism by which OSB may modulate both NK and MM cells. As NK cells and their chimeric antigen receptor-modified versions become more widely used in the clinic, our results suggest that understanding the role of OSB as potential immunoregulators of the NK cell mediated cytotoxic response in the bone marrow tumor microenvironment may provide new opportunities for enhancing the activity of this potent immunotherapeutic approach.

Funding Information: This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, grant#: 1R33CA212806-01A1.

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.


With different age,different habitats and different densities of the Betula platyphylla as the natural object of study on the Inner Mongolia Daqing mountain,Set 17 standards,the measured standard wood 17.The use of non-linear weighted least-squares method to fit each different model selection,birch identified the various dimensions of individual tree volume estimation model of the optimal.The indicators tested,the identified biomass model has better fitting precision and estimated the level of practice in the production are available and can be a very good one-on birch wood biomass estimate for the reasonable operation and development of birch provide a theoretical basis.The components of the best model of biomass for Betula platyphylla: the trunk biomass model W=0.234 E3D-0.642H0.385V,branch biomass model is W=43.403 H0.619V,leaf biomass model is W=4.878E-11D9.675H0.220/(1-H9.455/D9.675),bark biomass model is W=9.688E6D1.616H-6.592V/(1+H-3.296),the wood biomas smodel is W=279.382D-0.63V,the crown biomass model is W=140.464D-0.261H0.477V,the total biomass model is W=(8.023E6D2.872H-7.368V).


We present results from numerical simulations of magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence in accretion discs. Our simulations show that the turbulent stresses that drive the accretion are less stratified than the matter; thus, the surface layers are more strongly heated than the interior of the disc.


The advantages of microstrip patch antennas include small size, adaptable surface, ease of fabrication, and compatibility with integrated circuit technology. Numerous experiments have been done over the past few decades to enhance the performance of this antenna, and both military and commercial sectors have found many uses for it. This paper introduces a microstrip patch antenna with an operating frequency of 28GHz for 5G mobile communication. This research designed and simulated a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with 3.494 mm * 5.3 mm * 0.003 mm. The proposed antenna resonates at 28 GHz with a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, a bandwidth of 280 MHz, and a gain of 2.2 dBi. The inset feed technique matches the 50 Ω transmission line impedance. In the design, Rogers RT5880 substrate and copper ground are used. The antenna's geometry was calculated, and simulated results were analyzed using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. In conclusion, the proposed antenna has a reflection coefficient of -24 dB, VSWR of 1.24, an input impedance of 51.6Ω, and a gain of 2.2 dBi at operating frequency with a compact geometry can be used in 5G mobile communications. The future shift in resonance frequencies and beams can be considered to make the antenna operate as a smart antenna.


In order to provide a cost-efficient development for the Veslefrikk field, a hybrid concept consisting of a floating production facility and a lift-installed wellhead jacket was chosen. This paper describes the design, analysis and model testing work involved in the preparation for the lift installation of the jacket. See also Abstract No. 89051219.


Locally available plants, Azadirachta indica, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus aurantium and Tamarindus indica stems were infused in water and tested efficiency against Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) life stages. Preliminary phytochemical profiling of the plant infused water reveals the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoid, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. Tannins quantification revealed that C. aurantifolia had significantly more amounts than other plants. Citrus aurantium stem infused water (CASIW) caused more mortality to C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae. Furthermore, CASIW increased larval and pupal developmental period and reduced adult longevity. However, tested plants did not affect the morphology of the insect. Results suggested utilize this indigenous technique to minimize C. quinquefasciatus population.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of job satisfaction and life satisfaction on teacher-children interactions in kindergarten teachers. The tests of Job satisfaction scale, Life Satisfaction scale, Teacher-Children Interactions scale were administered to 320 public and private kindergarten teachers located in Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do. The statistical method employed for data analysis was Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of study were as follows. First, the higher factors of job satisfaction (the teaching consciousness, development, innovation, autonomy, fellowship, and reward), the higher the teacher-children interaction. The higher the workload, the lower the verbal interaction between teacher-children. Second, the higher the life satisfaction of kindergarten teachers, the higher the emotional, verbal, and behavioral interaction between teachers and children. Third, the relative influences of the predictors on the overall interaction between teacher and children are life satisfaction (β=.24), development (β=.22), and fellowship (β=.16) and the explained variance are 25%.


The solubility and behavior of phase transformation for MgB4O7 + H2O were studied at 298.15 K by the method of isothermal dissolution equilibrium. The results indicated that the equilibrium solid phase MgB4O7·9H2O was kept in the aqueous solution for 240 h and started to transform into inderite (MgB3O3(OH)5·5H2O) after 240 h. The concentration of the equilibrium liquid phase with respect to MgB4O7·9H2O is 0.03494 mol·kg–1 as metastable solubility. The isopiestic solubility, the osmotic coefficient, and water activity for the saturated solution of MgB4O7·9H2O at 298.15 ± 0.01 K were determined by the isopiestic method first, and obtained the values of 0.03536 mol·kg–1, 1.8753, and 0.99761, respectively. The Pitzer's ion-interaction parameters and the equilibrium constant ln K for the MgB4O7 + H2O system at 298.15 K were obtained by fitting the experimental data of osmotic coefficients and the measurements of solubility and activity properties by the isopiestic method using the Pitzer equation of the osmoti...


Discusses the key aims and objectives of the Kings Cross Youth at Risk Project, which was set up to determine the numbers and needs of young people at risk in Kings Cross. The project has managed to successfully meet the original aims of the Community Solutions funding program, and has demonstrated positive outcomes.


This report presents a review of the state-of-the-art of automatic fleet monitoring, vehicular monitoring/control and travel support systems, and a brief update on navigation systems. The report covers several well-established fleet monitoring technologies: automatic vehicle identification, classification, location, and monitoring, and weigh-in-motion. Image processing systems are also discussed. The section on on-board monitoring/control technologies focuses on the increasing sophistication of power train, chassis, auxiliary, driver interface, and feedback control systems. Travel support systems are divided into three groups: traffic information broadcasting, trip planning, and entertainment/communication systems. An update on vehicle navigation systems is presented in matrix format. Functional diagrams and lists of known equipment suppliers are included. Application examples are also presented, such as the Heavy Vehicle Electronic Licence Plate Program, which is designed to increase the long-haul trucking industry's productivity and make road safety related enforcement more effective. Discussion on market perspectives covers recent technology developments and survey results indicating customer preferences on vehicle electronics. The report highlights the need for an integrated intelligent system. It recommends that all systems intended to support navigation, maneuvering and control tasks receive a full human factors evaluation covering physical, perceptual, cognitive and motivational abilities and limitations. It recommends the establishment of a Canadian intelligent vehicle highway system program to increase transportation productivity, equity and road safety, to help conserve resources and improve air quality, and to make travel more predictable and enjoyable.


The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) stain on quality and developmental competence of mature and immature buffalo oocytes. Oocytes were exposed to BCB stain diluted in mDPBS (DPBS with 0.4% BSA) for 60 min at 38.5 o C in a humidified air atmosphere before, after maturation. The cleavage and blastocyst rates were determined. Results showed the percentage of BCB + : BCBˉ in immature and mature buffalo oocytes was 54:45 and 70:30 respectively. In immature oocytes percentage of embryo cleavage rate was highly significantly (P<0.0001) increased in BCB + than BCB¯ oocytes. Lower cleavage rates were reported in immature BCB + (P<0.05) and BCB¯(P<0.0001) compared to control non exposed oocytes. There was no significant difference between control and BCB + oocytes in cleavage rate but there was a significant (P< 0.05) decrease in mature BCB ¯ than control oocytes. In conclusion, BCB had a detrimental effect on immature buffalo oocytes, but had no effect on mature oocytes. Thus, it was recommended that BCB was not suitable for oocytes selection as it toxic, time and money consuming.


Two general theorems about i.i.d.r.v.sequences are given.Thus,a class of strong law of large numbers(SLLN) for i.i.d.r.v.sequences is given and Marcinkiewicz SLLN is proved by using the given results.


Objective To investigate the feasibility of examining aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV),aortic distensibility (AD) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) by means of highresolution 3.0 T MRI.Methods A total of 32 healthy volunteers underwent high-resolution MRI to assess aortic PWV,and AD in ascending aorta (AA),proximal descending aorta (DA),distal descending aorta (DDA) and FMD of the brachial artery with repeat examination performed in 1-2 hours.PWV was evaluated by 2D Phase Contrast (PC) velocity-encoded MRI with a 4.7-7.8 ms temporal resolution.Fiesta-cine MRI was used to assess AD and FMD with a 18.75-31.25 ms temporal resolution.The image quality of these two scans was scored and the agreement between them was tested with Kappa analysis.The reproducibility of the results between repeated measurements of PWV,AA-AD,DA-AD,DDA-AD and FMD was assessed with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis.The method of Bland-Altman plot was used to assess the agreement between results of repeated studies.Results Each examination including PWV,AD and FMD were completed in about half an hour.The image quality between repeated scans showed good agreement ( Kappa value 0.776 ) with the score of ( 3.53 ± 0.62 ) and ( 3.41 ± 0.67 ) respectively.Reproducibility between repeated measurements was high for aortic PWV [ (4.33 ± 0.88 ) vs ( 4.36 ±0.88) m/s],AA-AD [(8.60±3.11) × 10-3 vs (8.59 ± 3.10) × l0-3/mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) ],DA-AD[ (6.95 ±2.44) × 10-3 vs (6.95 ±2.42) × 10-3/mm Hg],DDA [(10.54 ±2.91) ×l0-3 vs (10.55 ±2.90) × 10-3/mm Hg] and FMD [(24.94 ± 12.55)% vs (24.92 ±1 2.38 ) % ].ICC were 0.95,0.97,0.99,0.98 and 0.94,P < 0.01.Excellent agreement between repeated measurements was found for aortic PWV [ confidence interval (CI) between - 0.55 and 0.50 ],AA-AD ( CI between - 0.11 and 0.12 ),DA-AD ( CI between - 0.08 and 0.08 ),DDA-AD ( CI between - 0.23 and 0.21 ) and FMD (CI between - 1.46 and 1.51 ).The maximum difference percentage in minimum average for aortic PWV,AA-AD,DA-AD,DDA-AD and FMD was 38.53%,9.65%,3.86%,5.68%,42.37%,respectively,all less than 50%.Conclusion Comprehensive assessment of aortic compliance and brachial endothelial function can be achieved using 3.0 T high-resolution MRI with excellent reproducibility and within a reasonable amount of time.

Key words:
Compliance;  Aorta;  Endothelium;  vascular;  Brachial artery;  Magnetic resonance imaging


During the period from December 1963 to April 1964, a large number of combined Faraday polarization and Doppler frequency measurements were made on lunar radar echoes at Stanford, California. The results of the measurements taken while the moon was in the antisolar quadrant show a large spatial variation of the electron content beyond the ionosphere. A first-order model of the earth's magnetospheric wake is deduced, having the following characteristics: (1) the electron density inside the wake is about 200 cm−3 greater than the solar wind electron density; (2) the wave extends at least to the orbit of the moon; and (3) the wake intersects the lunar orbit at about 120° from the earth-sun line.


INTRODUCTION Creatine (Cr) plays an essential role in the storage and transmission of phosphate-bound energy. Because of vital role in the bioenergetics, the brain Cr level has been shown to change almost in all disease conditions. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HMRS) is most common and widely applicable non-invasive technique used for the quantification of Cr in brain (1, 2) however, is limited to low spatial resolution, currently there are no generally applicable methods available for direct Cr imaging. Here a non-invasive approach for high-resolution mapping of the Cr in rat brain based on the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) technique is demonstrated. The CEST effect from exchangeable amine protons (–NH2) of Cr and its role in pH measurement is previously demonstrated through phantom studies (3). In current study, sensitivity of CEST contrast to [Cr] in physiological range is demonstrated using phantom studies, and in addition, [Cr] was modulated in rat brain with tumor for validation of in-vivo CrCEST. MATERIALS AND METHODS All in-vitro phantom MRI studies were performed on 7T Siemens whole body MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany). Animal experiments were performed in a 9.4T horizontal bore magnet. All in-vitro studies were carried out at 37±1C. Phantom Preparation and MR Imaging: The Cr solution (in PBS) phantoms with different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mM) at pH=7.0 were imaged using a new pulse sequence designed with an optimized frequency selective saturation pulse (Hanning windowed rectangular) followed by a segmented RF spoiled gradient echo (GRE) readout sequence. The CEST images were collected at saturation pulse peak B1 of 150Hz and duration 3s over a frequency range of ±4ppm with step size of 0.2ppm. Imaging data for B0 and B1 mapping was also collected during the same scan session. The CEST data was collected for different combination of peak B1 amplitude and saturation pulse durations. Rat Tumor Model Preparation and MR Imaging: To validate the CrCEST in vivo, a rat brain tumor with compromised blood brain barrier (BBB) was used. The animal procedures are conducted under the approved institutional animal care and use committee protocol. The rats (n=3) were transferred to a 9.4T imager. Animals were kept under anesthesia and their body temperature maintained. CEST imaging of the rat brain was performed using a custom-programmed segmented RF spoiled gradient echo (GRE) readout pulse sequence with a frequency selective continuous wave (CW) saturation preparation pulse. CEST images were collected using a 3s saturation pulse at peak B1 of 150Hz and frequencies at ±1.4ppm, ±1.6ppm, ±1.8ppm, ±2.0ppm, ±2.2ppm. The B0 and B1 mapping data was also collected for same imaging slice. Single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) was performed with STEAM and voxel was chosen from the center of the brain including the tumor region. After collecting the baseline CEST map and SVS spectra, the animals were injected with 2.5ml, 100 mM Cr solution through the catheter inserted in the tail vein. CEST data was collected for 2 hrs, at multiple time points, after Cr administration. SVS data was gathered at 2 hrs post injection. Data Processing: B0 map and multiple CEST data, acquired in the neighborhood of ±1.8ppm at steps of 0.2ppm, was used to generate corrected CrCEST images (±1.8ppm) using procedure similar to that described previously. Contrast is computed using equation, CEST=100*[S(-ppm) – S(+ppm)]/S(-ppm). Normalization by –ve ppm instead of S0 is essential for CEST in order to minimize contribution from direct water saturation (DS) and magnetization transfer (MT) effect (in-vivo). CrCEST maps were also corrected for B1 inhomogeneities. The SVS spectral region between 0.5 ppm to 3.5ppm of the resultant spectrum was fitted to a sum of 6 Gaussian peaks centered at ~0.9ppm(lipid), ~1.3ppm(lipid+lac), ~2ppm(NAA), ~2.3 ppm(glu), ~3 ppm(Cr) and ~3.2 ppm (Cho). Peak integrals for all metabolites were calculated from the fitted peaks. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Phantom Studies: Phantom demonstrating the concentration dependence of CrCEST is shown in Figure 1A. For B1 of 150Hz and duration of 3s, CrCEST contrast increased linearly with increasing [Cr] with a detection sensitivity of ~1.4% per mM [Cr]. Figure 1C shows that increased B1 contributes to higher CrCEST contrast and the same is true for duration. CrCEST contrast was maximum at ~pH7.0 and decrease both directions with pulse parameter used. In-vivo Animal Imaging and SVS: Figure 2 shows Cr modulation results of rat brain tumor. CrCEST maps, obtained at multiple time points after injection show that there is a significant increase in CrCEST with a concomitant comparable elevation in the ratio of Cr integral to NAA integral measured with SVS from a voxel containing mainly the tumor region. CrCEST increased by ~36% while –Cr/NAA ratio increased by ~28% two hours after Cr injection. CrCEST contrast increases mostly in the tumor region, demonstrating compromised blood brain barrier in tumor tissue. Similar results were observed from all three animals. The modulation results as such demonstrate the detection feasibility of in-vivo Cr using CEST technique, however, contaminations from other exchanging protons to base CEST image at 1.8ppm cannot be ruled out. Studies are underway to optimize saturation pulse parameters for minimizing contamination from other exchanging protons before using this technique for in-vivo mapping [Cr] in human. REFERENCES:


Digital games are used often in many areas as tools able to teach something. Also in business process management there are some proposals of training stakeholders and simulate process models from the use of digital games. In contrast of that (use games to support teaching and learning), this paper argues the opportunity of the use of process models into some moment of digital game design. Thus, this paper aims to show the results of a systematic mapping of the literature in order to seek and analyze researches about that. Beyond that, with the searches findings, check the context where the process models were applied. As conclusions, are presented some opportunities and a research agenda to business process and game design areas


In this study we consider the research from an empirical delineation of the Ancash region, the most remote and inaccessible, in which the difficulties of both the location and traffic are a major obstacle in the fight against poverty, so the research area are objective and leads to qualitative research, so that led us to know the real situation of poverty and extreme poverty in Corpanqui and Ticllos.


Regarding scientific development as the guidance,clearing work objectives,updating the law enforcement concept,innovating enforcement mechanism,Wendeng Bureau of Land and Resources has done law enforcement work well.Through strengthening law enforcement,institution building and implementation of departmental interaction and other countermeasures,law enforcement has achieved significant results in Wendeng city.


This study aimed at finding out school administrative factors influencing sexual violence against children (SVAC) in primary schools of Urban District, Zanzibar. The study used a qualitative research approach. A case study research design was employed. A purposive sample of 20 respondents who were primary school children and 22 key informants was drawn for this study. A semi-structured interview guide was used to solicit information from the respondents. The data were analyzed and used thematic data analysis technique to make meaning out of the data. Study findings revealed that, poor accountability of school management, misuse of authority by school teachers to children and ineffectiveness of reporting system on sexual violence cases were school administrative factors influencing SVAC in primary schools. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that owner of primary schools should employ workers who are self-disciplined, accountable and willing to take appropriate action to SVAC perpetrators regardless of their power, positions and authority. Moreover, a system of reporting SVAC cases should be in place and that laws, rules and regulations related to SVAC are reinforced to ensure that children use the school environment profitably and develop their full potential as responsible citizen.


The Fisher information loss on the dependence parameter is considered for three one-parameter Gaussian processes on a rectangular lattice when some values are not observed. Formulae are given for the general case, and simplified versions for two of the special cases. Approximations are considered, and cases with a small number of missing sites are compared.


The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity greatly increases health care costs because of associated complications. Illnesses related to obesity include impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Obesity also increases the risk of developing type II diabetes. Mild obesity, as well as severe obesity, may result in development of obesity associated diseases, where a person suffers from health problems that are caused by or related to obesity. Obesity disease is differentiated from obesity, which is not accompanied by health problems that represent risk factors for various diseases. Development of obesity disease needs to be prevented or mitigated through a reduction in weight. For individuals who are obese, awareness of the concept of obesity disease could help in selecting appropriate treatment. The Japan Society for the Study of Obesity recommends that researchers and physicians fully comprehend the concepts of obesity and obesity disease. Treatment paradigms and therapeutic focuses are constantly changing, and this knowledge needs to be disseminated to individuals with obesity, regardless of whether they have health problems. This review discusses the concepts of obesity and obesity disease. The role of adipose tissue in metabolic complications due to obesity, as well as prevention and treatment of metabolic complications are also discussed with respect to improving health. The main aim of this review is to assist reader to determine the level of risk associated with obesity disease and obesity-related complications.


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the fluctuation of US-duration during conditioning training upon the acquired properties of the backward CS paired with electric shock as US. CS was a 5-sec illumination and US was an electric shock to four paws of white rat, delivered through a grid floor. According to the 2×3 factorial design animals were assigned to six groups. One of the classification of the design was done by the type of conditioning, i. e.. backward, forward, and control treatments, while the other was made by the duration of US, i. e., fixed vs. fluctuated US durations. During conditioning training, animals received USs 15 times in irregular intervals averaging 60 sec. In the backward conditioning group, the onset of CS was always coincided with the termination of US, while in the forward conditioning group the termination of CS coincided with the onset of US. In the control group, CSs were interspersed semi-randomly among USs : i. e., Ss in this group were treated in the same manner as those in the other two groups except that they did not receive any temporally correlated presentation of US and CS. In the "fixed-US" groups the duration of shock was always 10 seconds, whereas in the "fluctuated-US" groups it was varied semi-randomly between two levels, 15 sec and 5 sec. After the conditioning training, a metal bar was inserted in the experimental box, and the presentation of the light was made contingent upon S's bar-press response, and the bar-press frequency was recorded.Principal findings were : 1. Constant and fluctuated US-duration during conditioning training produced no differential effects upon the number of bar-press responses.2. As to the mean level of bar-press frequency, the backward group gave the highest level, the forward group the lowest, and the control group the middle in both of the US conditions, but forward conditioning group did not differ significantly from the control group. This casts some doubt upon the neutrality of the control CS.3. With respect to trends displayed in the curves of responding by the two backward groups, decreasing trends were observed, which were in conflict with the increasing trends observed in the previous study.In conclusion, although the present study presented findings which seemed to be in accordance with the hypothesis of secondary reinforcing properties of the backward CS paired with electric shock, provided the effect of the control CS was taken as the base, no definite statement can be made as yet about the validity of the proposition that "acquired properties of forward and backward CSs are opposite (BARLOW, 1956), " until more knowledge is obtained.


Multiple student initiatives were developed in the Medical School of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, under the guidance of the Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice, and Health Services Research, as an answer to the increasing needs of the Greek National Health System during the pandemic. In one group, students were responsible for the phone call communication with patients of certain areas to book an appointment for a rapid test, announce the results of the test, monitor the symptoms and the health condition of patients with mild COVID-19 and inform the GPs of the health centers. At around the same time, in another group, senior medical students were enlisted as volunteers, and they were distributed to seven vaccination centers in two different Health Districts of Northern Greece. The vaccination process was significantly facilitated by the support of students in the initial data collection and recording of the personal medical history of the incoming citizens. Supporting the medical staff to accelerate the process, helping to raise public awareness about vaccination, keeping in touch with clinical life and patients, and further training in vaccination and communication skills were cited as critical expectations by the volunteer students, which were largely met. Other schools could implement similar strategies of including medical students in community health projects and promote initiatives that support primary health care.


Objective: to characterize the nutritional profile and to identify the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the presence of food hypersensibility, of children and adolescents attended at a referral center in southern Brazill. Method: Crosssectional study conducted through the application of a questionnaire in an educational center for patients with Autistic spectrum disorder in Pelotas city, RS, Brazil. Socio-demographic data anthropometric data, information on exclusion diets, nutritional follow-up and gastrointestinal symptoms of the participants were colleted. Results: Participated in these study 12 individuals, of whom the majority were male (75%), children (91, 6%), and white color (91,6%). Half of the participants were overweight (25% overweight and 25% obese), in addition to those who already presented risk of overweight (16, 7%), while only 33,3% were eutrophic. About the exclusion diets, the most prevalent were lactose (75%), casein (25%) and gluten (25%), and most students (75%) did not goy nutritional follow-up. Evaluating the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, flatulence (33,3%) was the most reported. Conclusion: The importance of a nutritional support is highlighted for this public, since most are at risk or overweight, in addition to the presence of allergies and food intolerances. Attention should be paid to the management of exclusion diets and strategies to deal with the gastrointestinal symptoms present, since its efficacy does not yet have scientific evidence for all cases.


This study which explores the use of lime and cement in emulsion-treated mixes (ETM), includes an investigation of the effect of water, asphalt hardness, and aggregate type on the resilient modulus (M sub R) and on fatigue behavior. A field test (described) confirmed laboratory findings. The procedure is described and results are detailed of experimentation in which ETM and cement-emulsion treated mixes (C-ETM) were made from Cache Creek aggregate, gradation I, containing 5 percent residual aspahlt from SS-type emulsions. The study showed that asphalt ETM develop resilient modulus on curing that varies directly as the hardness of the asphalt used to make the emulsion. Ambient temperature air-cured ETM attain M sub R higher than that of hot mixes made with the same asphalt. However, ETM water resistance is lower-than ATM until the ETM has fully cured. On re-drying, the M sub R of water soaked ETM is fully recovered. Cement (1.3 percent) modified ETM (C-ETM), rapidly develop high M sub R which also varies with the hardness of the asphalt; these C-ETM are resistant to water damage. Higher levels of cement cause greater changes in M sub R. The beneficial effect of cement on ETM occurs with a widely used gravel as well as with a pure limestone and a pure quartz aggregate. Cores taken from a field test demonstrating practicality of C-ETM, confirm the rapid field development of M sub R. Because of the exceptionally high M sub R developed by the C-ETM, the pavement thickness required for equal fatigue life (according to the elastic design method) shows that hot mixes (ATM) and C-ETM (1.3 percent cement) are about equally effective.


Objective To understand the character of commercial sex workers in cheap entertainment places in rural areas,and to discuss the publicizing work of HIV and intervention for commercial sex workers in rural areas.Methods Investigation was performed among commercial sex workers in cheap entertainment places in Tangxian and Pingshan.Results There were 431 commercial sex workers and 118 cheap entertainment places in the two counties.324 questionnaires were done and 298 of them were completely answered.The cheap entertainment places,which moved irregularly,were always located in obscure regions.The commercial workers were usually low in education and older in age.So it was hard for intervention work.For them,TV was the most important way to get knowledge about HIV.Separation therefore existed between knowledge and behavior.Conclusions Publicizing work,intervention,and education on HIV in rural areas should be strengthened.


he outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) has been substantially improved by the introduction of reperfusion therapy and its continuous refinement. Current reperfusion methodology salvages more than 50% of the ischemic myocardium from infarction in approximately half of acute MI patients without cardiogenic shock. 1 However, in 25% of acute MI patients, myocardial salvage by reperfusion is minimal, leaving the infarct larger than 20% of the ventricular mass.1 It is this subgroup of patients with large infarcts that particularly needs potent therapy for preventing subsequent heart failure.


Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and cardiovascular health indicators in children. Methods: The sample consisted of 365 schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 from the Region of Madrid. Anthropometric and hemodynamic measurements were collected. Variables relating to habits and lifestyles, parental level of education, and data on their diet, through three 24 h food recall surveys, were also collected. The diet quality indicators considered are the DII based on 25 nutrients and the KIDMED index. Results: Children with a more pro-inflammatory diet came from families with lower levels of parental education (p < 0.05). Predictive models show that in the group with a more pro-inflammatory diet (>P50), the likelihood of developing hypertension in childhood is 2.1 times higher (OR = 2.085 (1.107–3.927)) and they have more than twice the risk of developing obesity (OR = 2.3) or developing obesity and hypertension simultaneously (OR = 1.290 (1.316–3.985)). Furthermore, predictive models showed that the children with a pro-inflammatory diet (>P50) had higher values for BFM% (β = 1.957; p = 0.026) and BMI (β = 0.015; p = 0.012) than children with a lower inflammatory diet (<P50). Conclusions: Higher values on the DII are related to poorer nutritional status and cardiovascular health in childhood. Thus, a pro-inflammatory diet is also associated with a lower socio-economic level and poorer diet quality.


The increasing number of people with dementia (PwD) is a significant health and financial challenge for countries. PwD often transition to a care home. This study explored factors predicting transition to care homes for PwD and the place and causes of death.


This paper mainly introduces the basic structure of K350SH60 model slag hauler,the working principle of hydraulic controlling system of the large arm lifting,the failure of the lifting system,and possible cause of the lifting speed lowing down.It also analyzes the working electrical circuit of hydraulic system,including the swashplate variable pump,hydraulic cylinder,LS valve,balancing valve,main relief valve and electro-hydraulic directional valve,large are lifting system.Relevant solution to the failure is also given in the paper.


Students are in the critical period of life and world view,in the interference of the materialism and external factors,their personal value judgments and sense of responsibility often conflicts arise,lose their sense of responsibility.Therefore,the responsibility to educate high school students should be strengthened.


To find out the continuous nursing education demands of nurses in Qiqiha'er city, 726 nurses were investigated by questionnaire and cluster sampling was used. The results showed that 96.46 percent of nurses believed continuous nursing education is necessary and 87.53 percent of them were eager to take part in the continuous education. Many factors limited their chances to receive continuous education. The nursing managers should pay more attention to the construction of continuous nursing education organization and its quality control.


Objective To explore possible etiology,diagnosis method,and different treatment plans of chronic suppurative otitis media with fungus infection. Methods Sixty-five cases of chronic suppurative otitis media with fungus infection were retrospectively analyzed.According to the symptoms,otoscopic examination,and diagnosis of fungal identification results,the patients received medicine(local anti-fungus drugs,oral anti-fungus drugs,or local and oral anti-fungus drugs) and ear operation following efficacy evaluation. Results After fungi identification,all patients were treated by anti-fungus drugs as diagnostic therapy.For local medicine,dry ear rates of using glycerin otic nystatin,terbinafine hydrochloride cream,and kenacomb cream or triamcinolone cream were 66.67%,81.82% and 90.00%,respectively.In oral medicine,dry ear rates of using terbinafine hydrochloride and Sporanox were 77.78% and 76.92%.In local and oral medicine,dry ear rate was 90.91%.Nine patients undergone operation were all cured.The total cure rate was 13.85%;dry ear rate,81.54%;and inefficiency rate,4.61%. Conclusion There was no definitive relationship between fungal infection of the middle ear and immunocompromise or long-term using antibiotics.Local factors might play important roles,such as moisture in the ear canal and mastoid cavity.Pus culture and smear examination may play definitive roles in diagnosis.For patients with chronic suppurative otitis media,prompt tympanoplasty should be advised after fungal infection controlled.


The discovery of superconductivity in the rare earth-based half-Heusler semimetals RTBi (R=rare earth, T=Pt, Pd) has opened a new avenue for investigation of topological phases of matter. With charge carrier densities several orders of magnitude lower than conventional metals, these materials pose a challenge for investigating the nature of the superconducting state, which itself may have inherent topological properties. Here, we report experimental evidence for an unconventional superconducting state in YPtBi, which presents a striking linear temperature dependence of the London penetration depth consistent with line nodes in the superconducting order parameter $\Delta$. With strong antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling giving rise to spin-split Fermi surfaces -- as verified by angle-dependent Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy -- we propose a $\mathbf{k\cdot p}$ model of $j=3/2$ fermions that naturally leads to exotic nodal Cooper pairing states with high total angular momentum. With the simplest gap model involving a dominant $J=3$ septet pairing between the $j=3/2$ fermions of the $p$-like $\Gamma_8$ band, the topological pairing states in this half-Heusler compound present a truly novel form of superconductivity that has strong potential for leading the development of a new series of topological superconductors.


The article explores the legal nature of the right of a child under the age of 10 to freely express their views on issues that affect her personally. Disputes about determining a child's place of residence are extremely complex, both in practical and emotional terms. Such disputes are filled with the negative emotions of parents who cannot decide with whom the child will reside. Under current law, the child itself has a role to play in resolving such a conflict. The relationship between such a right and the principle of the best interests of the child in determining his or her place of residence is analyzed. The practical aspects of the court interrogation of a child under 10 years are covered.

It is established that there are no clear rules in national legislation that would indicate in which cases it is necessary to listen to opinion of a child under 10 years of age. This situation creates the risk of infringement of the relevant right of the child, as in some cases, in the absence of an imperative indication in the law, the court may not pay sufficient attention to such issue. In turn, such a violation will prevent the best interests of the child in making a decision in the case.

In order to prevent the violation of such a right of the child under 10 years of age it is offered to hear its opinion every time after confirming the possibility of the child to express its opinion. This approach follows from the analysis of the norms of international and national legislation.

In addressing the possibility of the child expressing his / her opinion, it is suggested to consider carefully the opinion of experts in matters concerning the development of the child and adolescents - the body of guardianship and care. In some cases, it is suggested to question the child in court in the presence of a psychologist or to appoint a psychological examination.

Key words: the principle of ensuring the best interests of the child, a child under 10 years of age, the right of the child to express an opinion, a dispute about determining the child's place of residence, family and legal relations.


The microstructure of salty soil was investigated by using environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersion spectroscopy(EDX),and the effects of crystallization on strength of salty soil was discussed to open out mechanism of the effect.In addition,the effects of change in the microstructure on soil strength were researched.The research results show that the microstructure of salty soil is obviously different before and after crystallization.It is a soil aggregate structure wrapped by a mixture of salt and soil before crystallization,while a blending structure of crystal and soil to significantly enhance the strength of salty soil.


WELDING METALLURGY Solidification in Resistance Spot Welding Phase Transformations in RSW Cracking References ELECTROTHERMAL PROCESSES OF WELDING Introduction Electrical Characteristics of Resistance Welding Thermal Characteristics of Resistance Welding Heat Balance Electrode Life Lobe Diagrams References WELD DISCONTINUITIES Classification of Discontinuities Void Formation in Weld Nuggets Cracking in Welding AA6111 Alloys Cracking in Welding AA5754 Alloys References MECHANICAL TESTING Introduction Shop Floor Practices Instrumented Tests References RESISTANCE WELDING PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL Introduction Data Acquisition Process Monitoring References WELD QUALITY AND INSPECTION Weld Quality Attributes Destructive Evaluation Nondestructive Evaluation References EXPULSION IN RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING Influence of Expulsion on Spot Weld Quality Expulsion Process and Detection Expulsion Prediction and Prevention Examples References INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WELDING MACHINES Introduction Mechanical Characteristics of Typical Spot Welders Influence of Machine Stiffness Influence of Friction Influence of Moving Mass Follow-Up in a Welding Cycle Squeeze Time and Hold Time Measurement Other Factors References NUMERICAL SIMULATION IN RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING Introduction Coupled Electrical-Thermal-Mechanical Analysis Simulation of Contact Properties and Contact Area Simulation of Other Factors Modeling of Microstructure Evolution Examples of Numerical Simulation of RSW Processes References STATISTICAL DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND INFERENCE IN RESISTANCE WELDING RESEARCH Introduction Basic Concepts and Procedures Experiments with Continuous Response Experiments with Categorical Responses Computer Simulation Experiments Summary References INDEX


In speech production, as well as in many human-engineered electronic communication systems, the information to be transmitted is encoded in the form of a continuously varying (analog) waveform that can be transmitted, recorded, manipulated, and ultimately decoded by a human listener. In the case of speech, the fundamental analog form of the message is an acoustic waveform, which we call the speech signal. In speech communication system, the speech signal is transmitted, stored and processed in many ways. The Representation of the speech signal must be such that the information content can easily be extracted by human listeners, or automation by machine.


In this study, the influence of modern Arab theater on the Algerian and Sudanese culture was researched. First, the theater in general and the theater in Arab world were explained. Then, the development in the field of theater during the independence efforts in Algeria and Sudan was emphasized. Algeria was under French occupation from 1830 to 1962. Concurrently, Sudan was under British occupation from 1899 to 1956. These two-time periods seem to indicate a connection, because British and French are historically known to coordinate the suppression of the rebellions in the related countries. One of the most common strategies by these two countries is to dominate their own language and culture over the occupied countries. Theater is an effective avenue to achieve this kind of goal, therefore the colonial states tend to focus their attention on this field by transporting foreign plays for smooth adaptation. In reaction to this, the concerned intellectuals of recipient country realize the impact of the theater on the people and start forming their own amateur theater groups. As the theater becomes prevalent in the society, theater rises an awareness for reclaiming own-culture. Algerians and Sudanese utilized the culturally relevant plays as tools to re-claim their identity against the foreign political, cultural and ideological influence. It is enough to take a stern look at the theater to understand the years that the countries pass through. The multiplicity of the number of theater groups formed in the years of independence is remarkable in this sense. These groups tried to fill the cultural area neglected by the states. Theater groups have become cultural venues for actors, writers and directors to communicate with the public.


The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is currently operated in top-up mode for users. In order to improve the stability of the synchrotron light source, vibrations related to the vacuum system have been investigated and improved by turning off pumping systems and reducing the flow rate in chamber cooling water circuits. In this paper, vibrations in different vacuum chambers with normal cooling water condition were investigated, their sources were recorded and clarified and properties of different materials for water tubes were also compared.


Uniform electric field distribution and reasonable structure of high voltage insulation bushing will guarantee safe operation of GIS. A mathematical model for calculating the electric field distribution of the high voltage insulation bushing is established in this paper to perform the structure design and electric field distribution optimization. Simulation and analysis of the electric field distribution of the bushing are conducted with the software ANSYS. And the effect of the electric field distribution around the inner-grounded electrode on the electric field strength on partial surface of the bushing is analyzed to design the structure of the inner-grounded electrode. Further optimization of the structural parameters of the inner-grounded electrode by ANSYS achieves a significant decrease of 29% in the maximum tangential electric field strength on partial surface of the bushing, thus the insulation performance of the bushing is significantly improved.


We report a previously undocumented association between aplastic anaemia and acute idiopathic polyneuropathy and speculate that it was due to an antibody cross-reacting with haematopoietic stem cells and myelin.


In a world of metazoans, where sexual reproduction vastly predominates, asexual organisms are nonetheless very important. The aim of this review is to show that asexuals can have general effects on other species, ecosystems and biological networks via mechanisms that deserve more attention. These include 1) impact on the genepool of coexisting sexual species by either restricting their population sizes or by providing bridges for interspecific gene-flow whose type and consequences substantially differ from gene flow mechanisms expected under sexual reproduction; 2) impact on diversification rate, either direct by serving as stepping-stones in speciation or indirect by promoting the formation of pre- and postzygotic reproduction barriers among nascent species; and 3) impact on spatial effects, via direct or indirect (apparent) types of competition and Allee effects. We specifically point to these important mechanisms, provide empirical examples how asexuals impact the evolution of sexual species and ecosystems, and, finally, show that these broad effects may last beyond the tenure of the individual asexual lineages causing them. We also propose new research directions to incorporate the aforementioned impacts of asexual organisms which will ultimately enhance the understanding of evolution of genomes and ecosystems in general.


Recurrent Temporomandibular dislocation has been managed in the past with both surgical and non-surgical modalities. The objective of this study was to assess the functional results of autologous blood injection into the joint space for recurrent TMJ dislocation. This study was conducted in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishter Institute of Dentistry Multan from July 2011 to July 2012. A total of eleven patients of recurrent dislocation of jaw were managed by autogenous injection of blood into glenoid fossa with temporary intermaxillary fixation for 15 days. All patients were female with mean age 40.18+7.83 years (range from 30 to 55 year). Diagnosis was made by clinical and radiographic judgment of OPG. The major cause of dislocation was prolonged forceful opening of jaw. Functional assessment was performed by clinical assessment after opening and closing of jaw. Mouth opening was assessed by measurement of interincisal distance pre and post operatively. Outcome measures of interincisal distance are done by inch tape and other outcomes were assessed by clinical judgment. Data was analysed using SPSS version 15. In one patient dislocation recurred after three months of procedure but frequency of dislocation reduced. In another patient dislocation occurred immediately after release of intermaxillary fixation. In other patients recurrence did not occurred after release of intermaxillary fixation at 6 months follow up. No significant treatment complication occurred. Pain on injection and swelling occurred in all patients for a brief period.


The main aim of this paper is to prove that the maximal operator σ is bounded from the Hardy space H1/2 to the space weak-L1/2 and is not bounded from the Hardy space H1/2 to the space L1/2 .


In this paper, CVT belt-pulley loss model is proposed. Experiments are performed to measure input and output power of the CVT belt-pulley. It is found from the experiments that the input and output power loss at a steady state depend on the speed and line pressure. In addition, transient loss model is introduced, which depends on the rotational speed, shift speed and inertia torque. Using the CVT belt-pulley loss model, simulation results are compared with the experiments for various speed and line pressure. It is found that the CVT belt-pulley loss model describes closely the actual power loss behavior.


The invention relates to a wet gas drying process by means of desiccants and desiccant regeneration, comprising the following steps: a) adsorption of the water contained in a wet gas by circulating on at least one bed of desiccant, b) regeneration of the desiccant by passing a synthesis gas on saturated desiccant at least partially so as to implement the reaction may be called a water gas reaction (WGS English acronym for "water gas Shift").


To investigate the associations between vascular disease, vascular risk factors and depressive symptoms in a national survey sample, the extent to which these associations are accounted for by general health status and the extent to which the association between depressive symptoms and worse general health is accounted for by level of vascular risk.


We present an original approach of true amplitude seismic imaging by means of weighted summation of multi-shot multi-offset data. In order to compute these weights one should trace Gaussian beam starting from some current point within target area towards acquisition system. The special choice of Gaussian beam provides possibility in advance to take into account geometrical spreading and illumination condition for specific acquisition system. Global Gaussian beam regularity enables one to deal with central ray field with any kind of singularities.


The following topics are under this section: The future of predicting lifestyle diseases is here in Asia Breaking Barriers for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare: bridging vision and reality with the language of trust Overcoming Challenges of Managing Information in Life Sciences, Towards the Digital Future Under the Weather: Cybersecurity Woes in the healthcare Industry


Linda Shopes, co-editor of Palgrave's Studies in Oral History series, describes in practical but theoretically informed ways how to edit oral history interviews for publication. After establishing a broad framework, she discusses two key practices involved in preparing interviews for publication: editing and contextualizing. She then details editorial issues specific to three different genres of oral history publications: biographical narratives of single individuals, a series of shorter interviews with several narrators pivoting around a specific topic, and interpretive studies. She concludes with remarks on the role of theory in published oral history. The article is an expanded version of notes Shopes prepared for editing workshops presented at the 2006 and 2008 meetings of the International Oral History Association and annually since 2007 at the Oral History Institute sponsored by the Oral History Research Office at Columbia University. It retains much of the informal, conversational tone of an oral presentation.


Abstract : A model of burst errors from a real-time error bit stream of up to 20 million bits per second is sought. Noise models and channel models are considered. The choice is a two-state Markov channel model in which the states each generate independent Bernoulli random processes. One Bernoulli process produces ones (errors) at a high rate, simulating burst errors. The other process produces ones at a low rate, simulating random errors due to background noise. The transition probabilities determine the average length of the bursts and of the gaps. Relative frequency estimates of the probabilities of certain sequences of one-bits from real data are related to estimates of the model parameters, so relative frequencies provide a basis for fitting this model to real channels using observed error sequences. an equation for the number of errors in a block of bits is developed in terms of the model parameters. Burst probabilities can be predicted based on this equation. The model was tested using computer simulation. Some discussion is devoted to how this burst-error model can be implemented in an actual device to provide real-time channel characterizations. This model aids in the selection of an error correction code. (Author)


Pituitary adenoma is a common benign intracranial tumor, but some adenoma have a malignant biological characteristics, they can invade into surrounding structures, so we often can't remove them totally, also sometimes although we remove them all away ,but some patients complain recurrence. So in 1940 Jefferson raised the concept of invasive pituitary adenoma, from then on many medical workers try to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of it and gained obvious progress. Especially in recent years some people introduced individual therapy to treat pituitary adenoma, practice confirmed that this is very effective to patients. Now we introduce the methods simply.


Abstract This article argues that foreign languages are another part of the 'missing dimension' of intelligence. By examining the role of linguists in Y stations and at Bletchley Park in the Second World War, the article explores the institutional language policies developed for intelligence, and the working practices of those with foreign language skills. The article suggests that certain issues raised by this case study might be usefully examined in other intelligence contexts: the ways in which foreign language requirements are officially represented, the problematics of foreignness for recruiters, the status and identities of language workers, and the implications of professional translation practice within an intelligence environment.


This study is intended to prove empirically the effect of Auditor Characteristics on Lag Audit Reports. This research is classified as quantitative research with a causative approach. The population in this study is financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The purposive sampling method is used, so there are 61 financial sector companies obtained as a sample in year 2014-2018. The type of data is secondary data obtained from www.idx.co.id. The analytical method used is multiple linear analysis.The results of this study indicate that (1) The auditor's reputation has a negative and not significant effect on audit report lag (2) Audit tenure has a positive and not significant effect on audit report lag (3) The auditor industry specialization has a positive and not significant effect on audit report lag (4) Auditor switching has a positive and not significant effect on audit report lag.