In view of the growing prison population and the government's inadequate budgetary funding to the Prisons Service, various options have been explored to find solutions to the problem. The study focuses specifically at the failure by most Magistrates to effectively operationalize Section 8 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Chapter 88 of the Laws of Zambia. The failure comes in the realization that the law under Section 8 of the CPC is a misdemeanor which allows for victim offender reconciliation to avoid incarceration and consider alternative sentencing options like community sentence, suspended sentence and compensation. Furthermore, although Restorative
Justice seems to be a new concept in Zambia, it has been identified worldwide as a new form of effective justice system that promotes reconciliation as opposed to Retributive Justice that increases crimes of revenge. Currently, the United Nations Basic Principles on the use of Restorative Justice are not binding on member countries. This means that any country can adopt these rules if it so wishes. This infringes on the rights of the victim who has decided to reconcile because this is not supported by any compelling law or international instrument. The writer studied samples of women (and some men) who have been victims of this law. Although several methodologies were employed, the women's law approach which highlights various dynamics in the law that adversely affects women was instrumental. Data collected for the study include a review of the law, policy and literature on the subject and oral evidence obtained from interviews with respondents and key informants within the Criminal Justice System and a Non-Governmental Organization working with the Zambia Prisons Service on
Care and Counselling (PRISCCA) of prisoners. In essence, the study finds that: (1). Lack of effective implementation of Section 8 of the CPC by the Magistrates has defeated the spirit of the objective of this law (2). Excessive reliance on custodial sentencing as opposed to other sentencing options has contributed to high prison population and women are the most affected because they are perceived to commit minor offences. Therefore, the writer's suggested solutions to this problem include policy and law reform that should incorporate principles of Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System on all minor offences in Zambia. This requires political will on the part of the government to successfully implement this.,NORAD


A high level of Cyp2a‐5 was found in spontaneous and transplanted mouse hepatomas compared with normal liver. Increased expression of Cyp2a‐5 was associated with an increase in coumarin 7‐hydroxylation, a marker activity of Cyp2a‐5, and the corresponding mRNA, suggesting that regulation of Cyp2a‐5 in hepatomas is pretranslational. In contrast, the total P450 content and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase and amidopyrene demethylase activities decreased. Pyrazole, a strong inducer of Cyp2a‐5 in normal mouse livers, also increases this isozyme in hepatomas. A parallel increase in the corresponding mRNA suggests that pyrazole, like the formation of hepatomas, affects the regulation of Cyp2a‐5 pretranslationally.


Objective To explore diagnostic value of combining 64-slice spiral computed tomography with ECG ST-T changes in the plaque stability of coronary artery syndrome.Methods 141 patients who received coronary angiography tests,64-slice spiral computed tomography and ECG examination were enrolled form October 2008 to April 2010 in this hospital.The plaque stability of coronary artery of patients was evaluated.According to the clinical diagnose,patients were divided into three groups:25 cases in normal group,32 cases in stable angina pectories group(SAP) and 84 cases in acute coronary syndrome group(ACS)(excepted ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction).According to 64-slice spiral computed tomography tests,they were divided into four group:normol group,soft plaque group,mix plaque group and hard plaque group.Results The cases of soft plaque and mix plaque were significantly more than hard plaque in ACS group,and the cases of hard plaque in SAP group were significantly more than that in ACS group(P0.01).The incidence of changes in ST-T in ACS group were higher than that in SAP group and normal group(P 0.01).The incidence of changes in ST-T in SAP group and normal group had no obvious statistical difference(P0.05).The incidence of changes in ST-T in soft plaque group and mix plaque group were higher than that in hard plaque group and normal group(P0.01).The incidence of changes in ST-T in soft plaque group and mix plaque group had no obvious statistical difference(P0.05).The quality of plaque in CHD patients was correlated negatively to the changes of ST-T.Conclusion The combining 64-slice spiral computed tomography with ST-T changes can accurately assess the stability of coronary artery plaque in patients with ACS,and improve the diagnosis rate.


Newspaper reading course arose from 1980s,which is taken as an elective course for advanced English major students.The researches on its teaching and learning methods are not many.This paper tries to investigate the four questions concerning the course: what to teach;how to teach;why to learn and how to learn with the aim of improving the teaching quality and learning effect of the course.


It is a key problem for reducing the width of railway safety belt reasonably according to the evaluation result of railway roadbed subsidence and deformation,which determines the feasibility of Hubei Yunying salt cavern gas storage group.The creep contraction of salt cavern volume during operation period is the main cause of ground subsidence.Based on the hypothesis that the subsidence basin volume approximately has a relation of direct ratio with the creep contraction volume,the ground subsidence curve could be fitted as a Gauss function.Two key parameters of volume transfer coefficient and impact angle were introduced;and the formula for ground subsidence above a single cavern was deduced under condition of a certain volume shrinkage.The formula was used in the ground subsidence prediction of planned Hubei Yunying salt cavern storage.Finally,the ground subsidence above the salt cavern gas storage group was forecasted by superposition method.To solve the conflict of railway safety belt and planned salt cavern site,according to different roadbed deformation standards and salt cavern gas storage group ground subsidence above prediction results,the suggestion of reducing width of railway safety belt is given,as well as the control method to reduce the ground subsidence above salt cavern gas storage group and the roadbed subsidence effect.


Abstract In August 1992 the George H.W. Bush administration-led 'Permanent Three' (P3) coalition of the United States, Britain, and France announced the creation of a no-fly zone over southern Iraq, south of the 32nd parallel north. Operation Southern Watch (OSW), as the zone was called, prevented Iraqi aircraft from flying over the region in question, was justified on humanitarian grounds by President Bush and his coalition partners, and was a key moment in the emergence of the no-fly zone as a foreign policy tool. Yet while no-fly zones have gone on to become a frequently controversial presence in recent debates over U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, historians have yet to properly excavate their origins in Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War. Using extensive archival sources from both the United States and Britain, this article thus seeks to shed light on a key moment in the history of no-fly zones. It argues that ultimately the creation of OSW was not spurred by a humanitarian crisis, as the Bush administration claimed, but by the gradual erosion of George H.W. Bush's "clean" Gulf War victory, and by his worsening political standing at home in the United States.


The present invention includes a housing (12) having a sliding insertion opening for inserting the sliding filter element (30) (32), said sliding insertion opening (30) to close the cover element for a (58) with a, in particular an internal combustion engine, more particularly to an air cleaning system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle (10). Wherein the cover element (58), at least one of the integral snap elements for securing (66) is provided for the housing of the cover element (58) (12). Wherein the filter element (30) housing (12) between the seal for the (48), the main plane of the sealing surface of the housing (12) (46) (50), the closed state of the cover element (58) angle (64) which forms between the main plane (54) of the contact surface of the cover element (58) which abut corresponding contact surface (52) of the housing (12) (62) in, at 90 ° Absent. .Field


The invention provides a method for automatically generating an approximate functional dependency rule. The method for automatically generating the approximate functional dependency rule comprises the following steps of: S100, performing scanning analysis on all columns of a database r to generate candidate columns R, and constructing partitions P (R) of all columns of the candidate columns R; S200, sorting the candidate columns R in a certain order, and searching out all left parts of the rule by adopting a strategy, which meet the conditions; S300, trimming a search space searched by the strategy by adopting a trimming rule, and compressing the search space searched by the strategy; and S400, computing the compressed search space and generating a right part of the approximate functional dependency rule, and meanwhile, generating the approximate functional dependency rule. The method provided by the invention can automatically mine and generate the approximate functional dependency rule, and the mining and generating efficiency is higher.


Background: Bombesin, a kind of gastrointestinal hormone, is a powerful mitogen which can stimulate the growth of normal and cancer cells. Aims: To investigate the growth-stimulating effect of bombesin on human pancreatic cancer cell line CFPAC-1, and the regulatory effect of bombesin on cell cycle regulating factor cyclin D_1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, and to explore the mechanisms of growth-stimulating effect of bombesin. Methods: The effect of bombesin on the growth of CFPAC-1 cells was studied by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) as the parameter of cell growth. The effect of bombesin on cyclin D_1 expression of the CFPAC-1 cells was observed by flow cytometry. Western blot and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) were performed to identify CDK4 protein expression in CFPAC-1 cells treated by bombesin. Results: Bombesin had significant growth-stimulating effect on CFPAC-1 cells. This effect was more prominent at 1×10~(-10) mol/L in comparison with the controls (MTT OD_(570nm): 0.652±0.155 VS 0.359±0.109, n=3, P=0.002). Flow cytometry demonstrated that bombesin at 1×10~(-10) mol/L increased cyclin D_1 expression in CFPAC-1 cells after 30 minutes exposure compared with the controls (P0.05). Western blot and ECL showed bombesin at 1×10~(-10) mol/L increased CDK4 protein expression in CFPAC-1 cells after 15 minutes exposure, then the expression decreased gradually. Conclusions: The growth-stimulating effect of bombesin on CFPAC-1 cells is partially mediated by bombesin-mediated cell cycle regulating factor cyclin D_1 and the increased expression of CDK4 protein which in turn promote cell cycle progression.


Introduction: Schizophrenia is among the most severe psychiatric disorders, the mean disease prevalence in the adult population is around 1%, without considering the race or country of study. The municipality of Holguin reports a significant number of patients. Objective: to determine whether aggregation of the disease when identifying the genetic factors as well as to describe the behavior of environmental factors (prenatal and perinatal history, socio-economic level and family functioning) associated with schizophrenia. Methods: an analytical study of 30 cases and 60 control patients to determine whether familial aggregation for schizophrenia. The study group consisted of the total number of individuals in the health area with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and pathological family history of this disease. The information was collected through an interview. Results: the results showed that there was familial aggregation of the disease in the studied families, the first-degree relatives were the most affected ones. There was a predominance of maternal malnutrition history (22 cases for 50.0% and 26 controls for 38.2%) and the low birth weight with 17 cases for 30.8% and 18 of them for 26.4% in). The socioeconomic level was not significant. The results showed the strong association between this risk factor and the disease in dysfunctional families (19 cases to 63.3%). Conclusions: the genetic factors was determinant and nongenetic factors showed the need for strategies aimed at counseling families at risk for this disease.


We develop a tracking controller for the dynamic model of unicycle mobile robot by integrating a kinematic controller and a torque controller based on Fuzzy Logic Theory. Computer simulations are presented confirming the performance of the tracking controller and its application to different navigation problems.


The trouble of proving the effects of participation lies in the mismatch between three aspects of ownership: physical (possession), legal (ownership proper) and psychological (participation). In our interdisciplinary systemic model of ownership, we propose 10 relationships related to ownership/participation from: "A is a part of B" greatest involvement to "A does not know about B" the least involvement. "A" and "B" may take different values of: a person, an institution, a community, a group, an object (material, energetic, informational, purchasing). Once formalized we can view the studies in participation from one, system theory point of view, and formulate hypotheses related to many aspects of ownership. A multilevel analysis with multiple measures of both participation and effectiveness from two data sets has supported the proposed model.


A convenient,reliable and simplified 6-step method for the synthesis of sodium(E)-2-(5-((2,4,6-trimethoxystyrylsulfonyl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenylamino)-acetate was proposed with the overall yield rate of 22%.In the key step of oxidation,the reaction temperature was changed to 75 ℃ with the increase of yield rate from 55% to 85%.And in condensation,the use of ammonium acetates as the alkali increased the yield rate from 30% to 60%.Such a method could be applied to the mass production of the title product.


: What views do people have of public sector workers? Public sector workers are often portrayed negatively. It is unclear, however, to what extent such negative perceptions are shared among different groups in society. Using a large representative survey in the Netherlands, we study whether people's socioeconomic status is related to having more negative stereotypes about public sector workers. Contrary to expectations, education and income are unrelated to stereotypes. We do find a relation with subjective income: People with low subjective income have more negative stereotypes. Moreover, the sector people work in is highly relevant. People working in core governmental sectors such as central and local government have positive stereotypes. Other groups—such as private sector and non-profit workers— have a far more negative image of public sector workers. These findings help us to understand people's perceptions of public sector workers and the problems various groups have with the state.


Semiconductor laser is widely used in the field of biomedical research,clinical disease diagnosis and disease therapy,almost covering other kinds of lasers' applied range because of its own advantages,such asr small body,light weight,long life span,high efficiency,etc.In this paper,an overview of the semiconductor laser's new applications in the field of clinical disease therapy and cosmetic plastic surgery is given,and the status and development trends of the R D of semiconductor laser medical equipment are introduced.With the widening of wavelength range,improving of laser performance,as well as falling of price,it is indicated that the applied range of semiconductor laser in the field of medical treatment will be expanded continuously,and the market share will be increased continuously.Semiconductor laser is predicted to be the mainstream of medical laser,and it has broad prospects for development.


ne of the hottest topics in recent climate-change negotiations has been emissions trading. Under the Kyoto Protocol, countries that face high costs to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are allowed to pay countries with lower-cost opportunities to make the reductions for them. An Energy Laboratory team has developed an easy-to-interpret method of showing who would trade and how specific nations would be affected. Using output from standard models that simulate economic growth, energy use, and carbon emissions, the researchers form "marginal abatement curves" that show the cost to a given region of achieving cuts in CO2 emissions. By superimposing curves for different regions, they can readily see which regions would trade and how their costs would be affected. Analyses show that, almost regardless of circumstances, all regions will benefit from trading. The savings are enormous when the lowest-cost reducers—the developing nations—participate. But costs drop considerably even when trading is limited to the major regions of the O


Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and is seen in 40–80% of diabetic patients. It is characterized by impaired bladder sensation, increased bladder capacity, decreased bladder contractility and increased residual urine. The goals of these studies were to test the hypothesis that the obese Zucker rat is an appropriate model for type 2 diabetic bladder investigations and to define the alterations in bladder structure and functional responses in this setting. Histological examination of bladder cross sections was shown that total bladder wall thickness and threshold pressure of voiding were significantly increased in obese rats, while voiding time, maximal intravesical pressure and intercontraction intervals significantly declined as compared to age‐matched lean rats, respectively. Contractile responses of obese DM strips to Aceltylchine (Ach) and KCl were significantly less than those of bladder strips from lean animals. In addition to generating less force, it can also be seen that strips from the obese DM strips showed slower rate of force development than strips from lean animals. Two major myosin isofroms, SM1 and SM2 myosin heavy chains (MHCs) were separated, estimated and the ratios averaged shown that the SM2‐to‐SM1 isoform ratios were declined in obese bladders. After 12 % SDS‐PAGE, transfered and immunoreacted with antibody against tropomyosin (Tm) and α‐actin (as an internal control), the Tm/α‐actin ratios increased in obese bladders as compared to age‐matched lean bladders. All the data indicated that the obese Zucker rat is a relevant model for type 2 diabetic bladder investigations than the streptozotocin‐induced animal model.


&NA; Peripheral nerve conduction velocities were determined in 12 patients hospitalized with chronic alcoholism. These patients did not have clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy and were admitted because of acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication. Five of these patients were younger, had been drinking for a shorter time, had no clinical evidence of nutritional deficiency, and had not suffered alcoholic withdrawal syndromes; their peripheral nerve conduction velocities were normal. The only change was an increase in latency of the H reflex (a monosynaptic response recorded from calf muscles by electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve). In the other 7 patients, distal sensory and motor conduction was reduced, and the H wave was prolonged, indicating subclinical neuropathy. These patients had had abstinence syndromes and although they had no clinical evidence of nutritional deficiency, they had maintained poor dietary habits during their drinking bouts. In 3 volunteers who were chronic alcoholics, nerve conduction velocities did not change significantly during 27 days of chronic alcoholic intoxication. It is concluded that alcohol per se does not produce the peripheral neuropathy which occurs in chronic alcoholics.


We describe the selection of an X-ray flux-limited sample of bright clusters of galaxies in the southern hemisphere, based on the first analysis of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey data (RASS1). The sample is constructed starting from an identification of candidate clusters in RASS1, after which their X-ray fluxes are remeasured using the steepness-ratio technique. This method is better suited than the RASS1 standard algorithm to measuring flux from extended sources. The final sample is count-rate-limited in the ROSAT hard band (0.5-2.0 keV), so that as a result of the distribution of NH, its effective flux limit varies between ~3 and 4×10−12 ergs cm-2 s-1 over the selected area. This covers the δ<2.°5 part of the south Galactic cap region (b<-20°), excluding patches of low RASS1 exposure time and of the Magellanic Clouds area, for a total of 8235 deg2. One hundred and thirty candidate sources fulfill our selection criteria for bona fide clusters of galaxies in this area. Of these, 101 are Abell/ACO clusters, while 29 do not have a counterpart in these catalogs. Of these clusters, 126 (97%) have a redshift, and for these we compute an X-ray luminosity. 20% of the cluster redshifts come from new observations, as part of the ESO Key Program survey of RASS clusters that is currently under completion. Considering the intrinsic biases and incompletenesses introduced by the flux selection and source identification processes, we estimate the overall completeness to be better than 90%. The observed number count distribution, log N-log S, is well fitted by a power law with slope α=1.34±0.15 and normalization A=11.87±1.04 sr-1 (10-11 ergs cm-2 s-1)α, in good agreement with other measurements.


This paper describes a bank-customer model and proposes a control scheme algorithm which guarantees to obtain a desired capital to asset ratio. The used control system is an Adaptive Model Predictive Control (MPC). The MPC offers the possibility to control the error between capital/asset ratio and the ratio required by the bank under the Basel regulatory framework, which should converge to zero. The uncertainties of the model are estimated by an Extended Kalman Filter and the model is online adapted to realize the prediction.


Humans and animals have the ability to continuously learn new information over their lifetime without losing previously acquired knowledge. However, artificial neural networks struggle with this due to new information conflicting with old knowledge, resulting in catastrophic forgetting. The complementary learning systems (CLS) theory suggests that the interplay between hippocampus and neocortex systems enables long-term and efficient learning in the mammalian brain, with memory replay facilitating the interaction between these two systems to reduce forgetting. The proposed Lifelong Self-Supervised Domain Adaptation (LLEDA) framework draws inspiration from the CLS theory and mimics the interaction between two networks: a DA network inspired by the hippocampus that quickly adjusts to changes in data distribution and an SSL network inspired by the neocortex that gradually learns domain-agnostic general representations. LLEDA's latent replay technique facilitates communication between these two networks by reactivating and replaying the past memory latent representations to stabilise long-term generalisation and retention without interfering with the previously learned information. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several other methods resulting in a long-term adaptation while being less prone to catastrophic forgetting when transferred to new domains.


Predicting the future of English has been an exercise linguists have engaged with in academic settings for a long time, e.g. Sélincourt (1928), Jagger (1940), Quirk (1972) and Kortmann (2001). Mair (2013: 314) remarks that 'in spite of the known risks involved in the task, there is no dearth of prophets in the linguistic community'. While he does not discuss the 'known risks' in his chapter, he does show that a lot of these predictions have not become true over the course of time.


Two separate grant applications have been submitted from the owner of this two storey building, situated at the top of Bellies Brae, at the junction of Kirkwynd and High Street. This Category C listed building comprises a flatted property (1A Kirkwynd) on the upper floor and Funeral Undertakers (2 Bellies Brae) on the ground floor. Both premises are within the ownership of the Applicant and rented out. Whilst the Bellies Brae elevation appears in reasonable condition, minor repair works are required to the masonry and to protect the traditional timber shopfront. The remaining two public elevations are in need of more comprehensive repairs to the stonework and to replace the plastic rainwater goods with cast iron. In addition, an allowance has been made for re-slating and other roof repair works.


In a retrospective study, 131 patients with closed articular fractures of the lower end of the tibia were analysed. The prognosis of this violent injury is essentially related to the cause of the trauma and its management


An optimum composite technology by diffusion bonding was developed to obtain aluminum-laminated composites. Pure aluminum and duralumin laminates that have distinct properties were bonded together without the use of an intermediate binding layers or using pure Cu or Brass as intermediate layers by applying the hot pressing technique. The effect of hot pressing parameters (P,T & t) were studied from the microstructural point of view. Also, the micro chemical analysis was carried out to follow the evolution of diffusion of the different elements in the interdiffusion zone under different parameters to predict the phases that may be formed through it. The mechanical properties of the produced laminated composites, before and after age hardening, were studied. The results obtained from the microstructural analysis revealed that, binding of both laminates without using a binding material can be achieved at an optimum conditions of P=54MPa, T=500°C & t=5hrs. Excessive diffusion of copper atoms from the duralumin laminate towards the pure aluminum was recorded and attained an average depth of 135pm. This bleeding of copper atoms leads to a substantial decrease of the mechanical properties of the duralumin side. On the contrary the application of an age hardening cycle leads to an increase of hardness from 90 to 240 VHN in the duralumin laminate. To retain the level of the copper atoms in the duralumin and in the same time to secure enough diffusion that allows sufficient bonding between both laminates a copper layer of 10pm thickness was used as a binding material. Using of brass as a binding material provided a better binding effect where zinc enhances copper atoms to penetrate in the brass intermediate layer towards the pure laminate.


Introduction In 1999, IAMS generously provided the author with a grant for travel to Russia to study the microstructure of blades from the Russian Northern Caucasus. Thirty-seven blades were studied including knives, daggers, spearheads, sabres, single-edged and double-edged swords, ranging in date from the 3rd to the 12th century AD (Figures 1-35). Vickers hardness tests were only performed on a few samples because the original purpose of the study was solely to determine if any of the blades were made of crucible steel. However, it was later decided that it was important to publish the results of the metallographic investigations of all the samples due to the fact that there are few published reports on blades from this region. The first group of eighteen blades were excavated in the Kislovodsk depression, and are now housed in the Kislovodsk Museum, Russia. These were dated by associated finds or by stylistic attributes. The second group is comprised of nineteen blades from the Upper Kuban River region, and are now in the Jewish University Museum in Moscow, Russia. These blades were not uncovered during controlled excavations and therefore have no associated archaeological contexts or firm date; however their style indicates that they are late Medieval.


The Institute of High Energy Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences organized a workshop to estab- lish closer contacts between experimentalists(theo- rists)involved in the studies of charm physics from both c and B communities.The workshop covers talks of physics analysis and its results from fo...


In order to explore the new method of hydration separation rate of coal mine gas,using super-absorbent polymer(SAP) to saturatedly absorb the combination solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and tetrahydrofuran(THF) was to promote gas hydrate formation.By means of high-pressure visual separation experiment,pressure and temperature versus time curves during gas hydrate formation were obtained in this study.Combination of the calculation model of hydrate growth rate determined the induction time and hydrate separation rate of gas hydrate in different reaction systems.Hydration mechanism of SAP the experimental phenomena and results of hydrate formation were analyzed.Hydration mechanism of SAP,gas and aqueous solution system was analyzed.The hypothesis model of SAP promoting hydrate formation was established and the mass transferring effect of gas-water molecules in the separating carrier was discussed in detail.The results show that: the gas makes the contact area of gas and liquid increase from 7.065 cm2 to 79.240 cm2;the probability that methane molecules enter into contact surface increases;there are 3 groups of experimental systems that add SAP in this paper;the induction time of the gas hydrate formation shortens 9,10 and 3 min compared to blank test;and hydration separation rate of gas increases by 0.56,0.53 and 1.42 cm3/min in comparison with blank test.


Mitral regurgitation is one of the most common acquired valvular heart defects. An important therapeutic option of this pathology remains surgical mitral valve repair. The access for these interventions is possible through full sternotomy or with minimally invasive techniques including wideotoracoscopy. In 2007, percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system was introduced as an alternative option, primarily in high risk patients. MitraClip implantation provides acceptable short-term results. Patients with recurrent regurgitation following MitraClip implantation become a challenge. In the following paper we present an example of such a patient.


In the wireless power transmission/transfer (WPT) research field, great efforts are currently being devoted to the design of specific types of waveforms which leads to high power conversion efficiencies. This is mainly achieved by using those communication signals with a large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this work, the exploitation of commonly-employed radar signals featuring this high PAPR characteristic is proposed for the first time for the WPT application. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate that the engineered approach outperforms conventional WPT schemes based on other classes of waveforms in terms of RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency.


We made observation concerning habituation of the breeding population and pattern of activities in the nesting area of Large White-rumped swifts, Apus p. pacificus, breeding at Chenlu-shan Island in the Yellow Sea from May to August in 1980, and July in 1981. Results of diet-analyses showed that they fed on insects belonging to nine different orders. Most of the insects consumed were harmful to agriculture and forests. The authors also examined the pattern of activities of the swifts by radar. Their pattern of activities was different from that of other insect-eating birds. Their pattern of activities was found to be related to insects. We found that there were relationships between the diet of the swifts and the insect populations in the air. Hence through studies of the pattern of activities of the swifts in their nesting area, we were in a better position to understand ecological characteristics of the migration of insects and the pattern of activities of the swifts under study.


Automotive fuel tank is generally divided into two parts: main frame and assembly parts. While the car is running, valves are used to prevent liquid carry over and to discharge evaporated gas from the fuel tank. However, current fuel tank designs focus on the gas ventilation or secured location. In this study, the location of the parts used to prevent liquid carry over within the fuel tank is evaluated during an optimal design process. To develop this design process, an approximate optimization is applied. Through the optimal design process, the optimal valve location in fuel tank is determined and the approximate optimization is validated by the Taguchi method. Finally, the optimized valve location is used to reduce the development cost and time and to contribute toward improved automobile quality owing to enhanced reliability.


A S THE scaling of CMOS technology is slowing down, device and technology community is actively exploring the potential alternatives to conventional CMOS transistors. The set of promising candidates beyond CMOS includes devices that operate using charge as the primary state variable like CMOS, but exhibits better electrostatics and/or transport properties. For example, tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) exhibit ul-tralow leakage and sub-thermal switching slopes creating new opportunities in logic, memory, and analog/RF design. The devices based on complex oxides show interesting new properties. On the other hand, non-charge based post-CMOS devices such as memristors or spin-based devices possess fundamentally different operational behavior compared to conventional CMOS. With the tremendous growth in the area of emerging technologies , it is critical to investigate the circuit, system, and computing approaches with these technologies to design a truly beyond-CMOS system. Such a beyond-CMOS systems may include post-CMOS devices, potentially integrated with CMOS electronics, and exploit advancements in heterogeneous packaging technologies. These complex beyond-CMOS systems will require innovative approaches in circuit, architecture, and system level design as well as associated modeling and design tools. To harness the true potential of the emerging nanoscale devices, innovative and unconventional computing models may be required. This special issue focuses on circuit, architecture, and system aspects of computing in beyond-CMOS electronics. We received a large number of submissions (56) on circuit, architecture , and computing models in both charge and noncharge based emerging technologies. The papers were contributed by researchers from both academia and industry. Given the extremely large number of high-quality submissions that were received, it was decided to devote two consecutive JETCAS issues to the theme, in order to accommodate adequate number of high quality contributed papers. This issue, the first of two, features a total of 10 contributed articles selected through the highly competitive peer-review process. The first five papers focus on exploiting the unique properties of two emerging technologies, namely, tunneling field-effect transistors (TFET) and memristors for design of logic, memory, analog circuits, and reconfigurable platforms. The paper entitled " Design of Low Voltage Tunneling-FET Logic Circuits Considering Asymmetric Conduction Characteristics " by Moriris, et al. discusses the design strategies for low voltage logic gates using Heterojunction TFETs. In particular, the paper discusses the circuit characteristics, both favorable and unfavorable, arising due to the effect of asymmetric conduction in TFETs. The paper provides important guidelines for logic design using TFETs. The paper entitled, …


The biogeochemical lake model BIOLA was developed to be used for eutrophication studies inSweden. Eutrophication is a threat for lakes in populated areas, and this model was developed to bea tool f ...


Current-voltage characteristic with static N-type negative differential conductivity arising from thermal quenching of photoconductivity by Joule self-heating is observed in a highly photoconductive semiconductor below room temperature. The characteristic can be controlled by changing illumination intensity. The static differential conductivity is examined in terms of the physics of a bulk negative conductivity effect.


The Winterfeldt oxidation (NaOH, DMF, air, rt) of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-γ-carbolines has been developed, which provides a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of the corresponding dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones in moderate to excellent yields (38–94%). The generality and substrate scope of this reaction are explored and a possible mechanism is proposed. The results imply that electron-withdrawing groups on N2 of tetrahydro-γ-carbolines and N5-H are necessary. The synthesis of 5 or 7-substituted pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones in near quantitative yields was also achieved through deprotection and aromatization of N1-boc-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]quinolones.


Expatriates - in this paper understood as highly skilled temporary migrants and accompanying spouses - are generally portrayed either as cosmopolitans with universal ties or as organisation men or women who live in a local expat bubble. On the basis of 75 interviews with expatriates in the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, we argue that both dominant images are partly true but do not do justice to the fragmented nature of expatriates' local and cross-border involvement. First, our study shows that expatriates' identifications are characterised by fragmentation. Instead of seeing themselves solely as cosmopolitans or expats, they have multilayered identities, of which national identity is often an important component. Second, our study proves that the scale and nature of expatriates' activities depend on what aspect of life is taken into account: many can be characterised as organisation men or women in the economic sphere, moderate cosmopolitans in the political sphere, and 'wannabe' locals in the sociocultural sphere. The dominant representations of expatriates thus need to be reconsidered. Expatriates actually have particularistic ties (with people who are like them, based on a shared expat existence or nationality) as well as a universal, cosmopolitan orientation (i.e. the wish to bridge cultural differences). Instead of setting expatriates apart as an extraordinary type of people, their differences and similarities with other types of migrants deserve more future attention.


Large bulk carriers, built mainly in the 1960s and 1970s, are now reaching the end of their service life. The past few years have revealed several structural problems which strongly affected the ships' safety. Although corrosion and bad maintenance was found to contribute mostly to the design problems, the strength behaviour and design criteria have, nevertheless, to be reviewed, taking into account the service experience observed. After describing different bulk carrier designs and the governing structural design principles, the criteria and models for the strength assessment based on first engineering principles are summarised. Emphasis is placed on local strength analyses in order to cover fatigue aspects. Strength analysis in the flooded condition became important, considering extreme loads such as the pressure on bulkheads due to high density cargo and ingressed water. Recent rule developments related to such aspects are described. Finally, corrosion and wastage aspects which need to be considered more thoroughly as service experience has shown are discussed.


Heterogeneous networks are an efficient way to support high data rates for non-uniform spatial traffic densities. In this paper we have studied the power consumption of different configurations of ...


paper presents multi-objective Job scheduler using Genetic Algorithm which provides efficient utilization of resources by completing the different tasks in a minimum period of time. Grid is a kind of distributed system that provides the sharing of geographically distributed independent resources dynamically at runtime depending on their availability, capability, performance and cost. Scheduling is a key problem in evolving grid computational systems. Dealing with the multiple criteria in a heterogeneous and dynamic environment like Grid is very complex and computationally hard. There are ample approaches for Job scheduling like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Ant Colony optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm. This paper presents Genetic algorithm for designing efficient multi-objective job schedulers by considering multiple parameter like makespan and flow time to find optimal/nearly optimal schedule. It searches solution space in parallel and solution can be found more quickly.


2-(2-Hydroxynaphtyl)-2H-benzotriazoles were prepared by azo coupling of o-nitrobenzene diazonium chloride with dihydroxynaphtalenes followed by reductive cyclization. The modes of coupling reactions was elucidated. The treatment of 2-(2,7-dihydroxynaphtyl)-2H-benzotriazole with acryloyl or methacryloyl chlorides gave the corresponding (meth)acrylate monomers, providing a new class of polymerizable UV absorbers.


Paclitaxet is an effective anticancer drug for treatment of gynecologic cancer, but it is as-sociated with peripheral neuropathy. We prepared a rat model of continuous administration of paclitaxel directly to the sciatic nerve {paclitaxel modet}, and contirmed that orally goshajinkigan inhibited paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. In this study, we examined the of the paclitaxel model treated with goshajinkigan, and investigated why neuropathic sciatic nerve sections were prepared and the ratios ot small-diameter to nerve compared. nerve structures.


A parametric approach to simulation of landing impact, with pitching and heaving degrees of freedom of the aircraft motion, has been used to determine the response of the main and nose gears. Compared to each gear's independent behavior, there are important differences in the landing conditions and in the resulting vertical loads and displacements when these aircraft motions are included. For main gears, the maximum vertical loads are almost linearly dependent on the sinking speed, but there is some variation in the proportion of kinetic energy absorbed. For nose gears, no similar validity exists, compared with the single gear results. Correlation with aircraft sinking speed is absent, but the response is sensitive to the values of initial pitch angle and pitch inertia. This is associated with the equivalent mass and its motion at this location, which are greatly affected by these input quantities and by the aircraft scale.


Long-standing taxonomic problems involving the Acanthocyclops robustus–vernalis complex of freshwater cyclopoids have not been resolved. After Kiefer's designation of A. robustus Sars as an older synonym of Acanthocycops americanus Marsh, a lot of data indicating their differentiation have been accumulated. To handle this taxonomical problem, representative populations from type localities of the respective taxa and from other European and US sites were analyzed morphologically and genetically using mitochondrial COI and 12S rRNA. Molecular-genetic analysis revealed that the three species described at the end of the nineteenth century: A. robustus, A. americanus and A. vernalis are well-separated species with genetic distances between them of around 20% for both genes. Within A. vernalis we also found substantial genetic variability (5–10%). The recently described species A. trajani corresponds to A. americanus, and A. einslei to A. robustus. A. americanus is re-described and its re-establishment as a valid species is suggested. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68FC2C52-54FF-417D-9057-7B822BC7F15A


An experimental study was performed to determine in vitro the biomechanical end mounting conditions that replicated the in vivo physiologic normal cervical spine motion. The goal standard of motion was replication of movement considered normal by neurosurgeons, physical therapists, and anatomists. Tests were performed on a fresh human cadaveric spine mounted in a programmable testing apparatus. Three different end mounting conditions were examined; motion was limited to the sagittal plane. A PC-based image processing system and video recorder were employed to measure the relative rotations of cervical vertebrae. A combination of translational/rotational motion at the upper mounting fixture and fixed movement at the lower end mounting fixture was found to most closely replicate physiologic sagittal plane motion of the cervical spine. The end mounting conditions determined through this study have been utilized in further studies of cervical spine mechanics.


Abstract Although South Korea and the democratic countries in the region have tried hard to solve the problems of North Korea for over 55 years, since the end of the Korean War, most approaches in the past seem to have failed. So, it is very necessary to reexamine their approaches toward North Korea before repeating more mistakes in the future. North Korean policymakers probably are not as rational as most people assume. North Korea's total failure as a state proves that they have accumulated more irrational decisions than rational ones in their management of the country. They failed to choose the best courses of action to achieve their goals. They probably do not have sufficient information, abundant and active flow of information, or freedom of action for rational decisions. Therefore, the policymakers in democratic countries should be cautious not to entrap themselves by assuming that North Korean counterparts also are applying the rational model to decisions. This could be reinforced by two cases—an a...


We report a case of huge carcinosarcoma of lung initially presenting as an intra-abdominal mass: treatment with enucleation of the firm sarcomatous component followed by pulmonary resection. A 65-year-old man with mild mental retardation who smoked one pack of cigarettes per day until 1-month before he was admitted to our hospital complaining of a progressively poorer appetite, vomiting and an abdominal mass at the left upper quadrant region. Physical examination revealed a palpable mass over the left upper abdomen with percussion dullness of the lower hemithorax. Chest radiograph revealed a homogeneous mass lesion in the left lower lung field with obliteration of the costophrenic angle. Computed tomography scans of the chest disclosed a huge mass over the left lower thorax and upper abdomen with compression of the heart and shift of the esophagus and descending aorta to the midline. Sono-guided aspiration biopsy cytology revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical intervention with enucleation of the very firm sarcomatous component with fragmentation followed by radical lobectomy. Chemotherapy was planned as adjuvant therapy in the postoperative period, but the patient's family declined it. The patient is currently survived without tumor recurrence 14 months after surgery. Our case revealed a huge tumor not only mediastinal compression but also initial presenting abdominal symptoms. Initially, from the symptoms and nonbiopsy study, we were unable to determine exactly if it was an intrathoracic tumor or an intra-abdominal tumor. This case highlights the importance of remaining clinically vigilant to differentiate an unusual tumor mass, and preoperative tissue proof is warranted.


Breast tumors, mainly in women, can represent the presence of malignity. Through biopsy Le Gal has proven that the format of tumor related micro-calcifications indicates the probability of presence of carcinoma. Rugose shaped micro-calcifications are present in 66% of malignant lesions and in 23% of non-malignant ones. The presence of very dense agglomerates of small micro-calcifications generally indicates the presence of malignant tumors. We developed and implemented algorithms to both analyze mammographic images and detect micro-calcifications having rugose boundaries. This paper presents a tool to assist radiologists in breast cancer diagnosis.


Solution potential measurements were used to determine the copper concentration at the surface of Alclad 2014 alloy sheet after thermal treatments in the 400 to 500°C temperature range. Interdiffusion coefficients calculated from the concentration-time dependence were found to be 5 to 10 times greater than those for lattice diffusion; the apparent activation energy was also significantly lower than that for lattice diffusion (∼85 vs. 125 kJ/mol). The discrepancy was ascribed to grain boundary effects, whereby the calculated effective diffusion coefficients agreed closely with the experimental values.


Twenty-two soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were inoculated with isolates of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici to determine genes for resistance. Cultivars were tested with a total of 27 isolates that had been characterized from reactions on differential host lines. Genes determinations were completed separately in two laboratories with different isolates and the results were combined. Intact 10-day-old seedlings or detached primary leaves on benzimidazole-amended agar were inoculated, and evaluations based on pustule number and type were made 10-14 days later (...)


In this paper, we investigate "split-second phantom attacks," a scientific gap that causes two commercial advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs), Telsa Model X (HW 2.5 and HW 3) and Mobileye 630, to treat a depthless object that appears for a few milliseconds as a real obstacle/object. We discuss the challenge that split-second phantom attacks create for ADASs. We demonstrate how attackers can apply split-second phantom attacks remotely by embedding phantom road signs into an advertisement presented on a digital billboard which causes Tesla's autopilot to suddenly stop the car in the middle of a road and Mobileye 630 to issue false notifications. We also demonstrate how attackers can use a projector in order to cause Tesla's autopilot to apply the brakes in response to a phantom of a pedestrian that was projected on the road and Mobileye 630 to issue false notifications in response to a projected road sign. To counter this threat, we propose a countermeasure which can determine whether a detected object is a phantom or real using just the camera sensor. The countermeasure (GhostBusters) uses a "committee of experts" approach and combines the results obtained from four lightweight deep convolutional neural networks that assess the authenticity of an object based on the object's light, context, surface, and depth. We demonstrate our countermeasure's effectiveness (it obtains a TPR of 0.994 with an FPR of zero) and test its robustness to adversarial machine learning attacks.


An essential cond ition,a fu ll essential cond ition of positive defin ite quadratic form and its determ inated program has been giv-en.Its characteristic is easy to operate and also has noth ing to do w ith the determ inant,and conven ient for computer to carry out.


tactile qualities of the objects assessed alongside conservation requirements. Presentation and exhibition design are also closely examined in the video. The need for an exhibition layout in which visually impaired visitors can be completely independent is highlighted labels in both braille and large print, a carpet strip to guide feet and wheelchairs, and a wooden handrail to lead hands around the displays. Effective and appropriately targeted publicity is also briefly touched upon. Training for museum staff involved in the exhibition is another crucial aspect of the planning process. Implicit in the way the project was set up is the important role of teams and a willingness among museum staff at all


Inversing geologic model using the dynamic data integration is an important technology for geologic modeling and quickly numerical simulation. Because the technology is quick and accurate to the geologic modeling, it has been used in the foreign study for some years. Geologic models are made by the inversion, which can predict the accurate distribution of the permeability. The following topics are reviewed including: the initial stage, the development stage and present situation, and some suggestions are also given.


Mr. Kalish of the American Gas Association examines the 20-year projections of natural gas supplies and concludes that U.S. priorities must be restructured to avoid near-time economic hardships by increasing gas supplies and long-term planning to develop new energy sources and increase reliance on coal. He blames low prices for the heavy consumption of natural gas by industrial users and the decline in production of gas. Estimates of producible gas range from a 20- to an 80-year supply, depending on the method of analysis. A national commitment to produce gas will require changes in government restrictions, preferably price deregulation. Legislative action is needed to develop outer continental shelf resources, to resolve environmental conflicts of coal utilization, and to establish interdependence with Mexico and Canada to bring gas from those countries and from Alaska.


This paper undertakes to set out a criterion that can be used to assess inequalities in a given national education system and also uses the prescribed criterion to discuss the extent of educational inequalities in the Ugandan education system. The paper adopts the Berne and Stiefel's (1984) framework to assess educational inequalities in an education system which analyses inequalities from three perspectives-horizontal, vertical and equal opportunity.Measures of dispersion and the Education Gini Coefficient were used to assess the different perspectives of inequality based on the Demographic Household Survey (DHS) data (2006). The findings reveal that on average, there have been significant improvements in educational equality indicators in the Ugandan education system. Nonetheless, empirical analyses indicate that access to education in Uganda is still dependent on ones sex, location, and asset index. There is therefore need to reengineer the current policy interventions to ensure equal access to education


This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the serum lipid profiles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and its correlation with the severity of COPD in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 100 spirometric-confirmed cases of COPD were included. Fasting blood samples for lipid profiles were collected. To identify the association between severity of COPD with lipid profiles Pearson's correlation was used. Further multiple linear regression was done to identify the relation. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 59.0 (10.7)years. The ratio of males and females was 19:1. The mean forced expiratory volume (liters) in 1 second (FEV1) was 55.1 (18.1). Most of the patients had stage II (48%) and stage III (36%) airflow obstruction. Plasma level of total cholesterol and triglyceride tend to increase, statistically non-significant, with stages of COPD. However, the association of plasma lipids becomes statistically significant with FEV1 when the effects of age, BMI, pack-year smoking, duration of illness are accounted in multiple linear regression analysis.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2022;15(4):37-41


The present invention provides an ammonia oxidation catalyst excellent in heat resistance and the use of the exhaust gas purification method and exhaust gas purification apparatus thereof, the nitrogen in the ammonia oxidation catalyst by selective reduction catalyst discharged from boilers and the like by spraying the urea water is supplied to the the oxide purification, even low noble metal loading can be suppressed and leakage of N2O by-product ammonia. The present invention provides an ammonia oxidation catalyst, which is added when the urea or ammonia into the exhaust gas and using a selective reduction catalyst (SCR) selective reduction of nitrogen oxides, ammonia for removal of the remaining ammonia oxidation an oxidation catalyst (the AMOX), the surface of the integral structure type carrier covered with at least two layers of catalyst, the catalyst layer of the at least two layers: a lower catalyst layer, the catalyst layer comprises a lower layer of titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide as the main a composite oxide catalyst component (a) and loaded with the noble metal element obtained; upper catalyst layer, the upper layer comprising a composite oxide catalyst layer (C) formed from tungsten oxide, ceria and zirconia, a composite oxide (C) is composed of tungsten oxide: 1 to 50 wt%, ceria: 1 to 60 wt% and zirconia: 30 to 90 wt%.


SEGMENT (HFT) bacteriophage FP43 cloned DNA plasmid pIJ702 O PMT660 Mediates Transduction A high frequency of these plasmids in Streptomyces griseofuscus FP43. FP43 lysates S.GRISEOFUSCUS ON PREPARATIONS CONTAINING Plasmids ALSO WITH SEGMENT HFT transduce many other species of Streptomyces, including several species that restrict plaque formation by FP43 AND AT LEAST TWO SPECIES OF PRODUCING restriction endonucleases CUTTING plasmid DNA transduction efficiencies of different species are influenced by the addition of rabbit anti-FP43 A PLATES transduction, TEMPERATURE CELL GROWTH before transduction, the multiplicity of infection and HUESPED ON PREPARING The lysate to transduce. Lysates PREPARED ON S.GRISEOFUSCUS are able to mediate the transfer of plasmid species Streptoverticillium, Chainia And saccharopolyspora.


Progesterone was used as a synonym for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in a paper titled ' Progesterone increased resistance of ophthalmic and central retinal arteries in climacteric women ' in a recently published paper 1 . This paper reported on the response of climacteric women treated with MPA or placebo, without a progesterone treatment group. Additionally, although the only active treatment was MPA, the placebo was reported to be ' identical to the progesterone pill' 1 . Progesterone is the progestogenic hormone (progestogen) that is native to the human body 2 . Synthetic progestogens such as MPA have the same effect as progesterone on rabbit endometrium but not on other tissues in the body 3 , and the full range of biological activities of progestogens varies considerably 4 . An androgen would not be referred to as testosterone so why is MPA, a progestogen, referred to as progesterone? It is important that clinicians are able to distinguish progesterone from synthetic progestins in the same way as they are able to distinguish testosterone from androgens and estradiol from estrogens. While progesterone continues to be used as a synonym for progestogens, it will be diffi cult for clinicians to distinguish between progesterone and synthetic progestins. Consequently, progesterone, the name of an individual hormone, should not be used as a synonym for MPA.


The structure of (1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato,κ^2O,O')oxo[tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl-κN^2)hydroborato]
vanadium(IV) methyl cyanide, [VO(C_(15)H_(22)-BN_6)(C_(15)H_(11)O_2)].xCH_3CN, has recently been described and refined [Beddoes, Eardley, Mabbs, Moorcroft & Passand (1993). Acta Cryst. C49, 1923-1926] in space group Pna2_1 (orthorhombic; a = 15.960 (1), b = 12.447 (1), c = 17.044 (1) A, z = 4). It is better described in Pnma (conventional setting of Pnam). Revised coordinates are given and the anomalous bond lengths reported earlier are revised.


The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is the pride and pride of the nation. In the long river of historical development, the essence of excellent traditional culture can be accumulated and precipitated, forming a very distinctive national mark. The new era is the era of development, the era of progress, the construction of the strong cultural confidence of the Chinese nation, become the inevitable development of the new era. By studying the value of excellent traditional culture to construct cultural self-confidence in the new era, this paper aims to make positive contribution to constructing socialist cultural self-confidence with Chinese characteristics. 1. Excellent Traditional Culture is the Basis for Constructing Cultural Self-confidence in the New Era After thousands of years of cultural development, the Chinese nation has ushered in a new era, and the role of culture construction played by excellent traditional culture has been recognized by more and more people. Excellent traditional culture is the most prominent and profound inheritance of the Chinese nation, and it is the root and soul to construct cultural confidence. The Chinese people in the new era should attach importance to the inheritance and development of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation in order to strengthen the cultural self-confidence of the whole nation. (1) Excellent traditional culture contributes to the formation of correct cognition The traditional culture of the Chinese nation has a long history and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation, which contains rich philosophy, which helps to build cultural selfconfidence and help the Chinese people to form a positive and correct cognition. The prosperity of a nation can not be separated from the guidance of excellent traditional culture, and traditional culture has also been given new meaning in the process of social development in the new era. In the long history development and the introduction of western culture, many excellent traditional culture is dying out, which is a great loss for the whole Chinese nation. The state also has a deeper understanding of the value of excellent traditional culture to the new era, and if the accumulation of excellent traditional culture is lost, the process of national development and evolution will not be maintained. In the social development of the new era, it is of great significance to strengthen the cultural self-confidence of the nation [1]. The world situation is becoming more and more complex, bringing great cultural shock. In this key stage of national rejuvenation and national development, only the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture can keep the soul of the nation and make every Chinese people proud and enhance their cultural self-confidence and pride. As a Chinese, we should have a comprehensive and correct understanding of our own nation, our own culture and our own history, which can be realized through excellent traditional culture. In the development of international integration, we should also correctly understand the role of traditional culture in the construction of cultural self-confidence, actively inherit and carry forward the excellent traditional culture, and dig deeply into the value of traditional culture, and find out the combination point suitable for the new era from the deep cultural background, so as to strengthen the construction effect of cultural self-confidence. 2020 3rd International Conference on Interdisciplinary Social Sciences & Humanities (SOSHU 2020) Copyright © (2020) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/soshu.2020.137 670 Figure 1 Excellent traditional chinese culture (2) Excellent traditional culture helps to provide the source of ideas The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is a national symbol with different cultural and ideological sources. Excellent traditional culture is endowed with rich connotation by every generation of Chinese people, which is the concentration and essence of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation has distinct national characteristics, both from the historical point of view and from the cultural point of view, it presents a strong cultural confidence in the world. The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation takes the history as the carrier and the thought as the soul, showing the charm of the national culture in the long history. In the construction of cultural self-confidence in the new era, the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation not only represents the culture and thought of a certain period and a certain nation, but also provides a rich ideological source for the social development of the new era. The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is accumulated with the evolution of history, and its form has certain stability, which shows the characteristics of seeking common ground while reserving differences and various unity, and can become the firm ideological foundation of the nation's centripetal force and cohesion when constructing cultural self-confidence [2]. The excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is the only continuous culture in the world, which has never been interrupted for various reasons, which has created the continuation and inheritance of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. China in the new era is also a stage in the development history of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Cultural self-confidence can make the development of the Chinese nation more stable, but also can make the national spirit to be condensed, thus enhancing the intrinsic value of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation. 2. Excellent Traditional Culture is the Pillar of Constructing Cultural Self-Confidence in the New Era (1) Excellent traditional culture is a high degree of cultural self-confidence Excellent traditional culture has its uniqueness in the field of culture, and the emergence and development of excellent traditional culture are based on economy. Different forms of economic society also create differences in cultural forms. In the economic and social changes, culture has penetrated into all levels of society, and has had a significant impact on people's thinking and behavior. The excellent traditional culture has strong appeal and influence in different historical periods. In the process of constructing cultural self-confidence in the new era, through strengthening the propaganda and education of excellent traditional culture, it can establish firm belief for the nation and the country and open up a new world for the Chinese nation [3]. The new era has a new development goal, and the construction of cultural self-confidence should follow the development of the times, using excellent traditional culture to enhance the recognition of contemporary cultural self-confidence in the society. In the construction of the new era culture, we should take the socialist road with Chinese characteristics as the program, take the profound cultural connotation as the support, sum up the experience of history and culture, refine the content of the excellent traditional culture adapted to the times, and form the achievements of the traditional


A modified version of the Wiederhielm electronic servo system for micropressure recordings was used to establish the details of the pressure drop across successive segments of the microcirculation from arterioles (150μ) to venules (200μ) in the mesentery of the cat; most of the readings were made in vessels less than 25jz in diameter. Micropressures correlated with central pressure only in arterial vessels larger than 50μ. Frequencydistribution plots of micropressures showed a wider spread in the vessels that were 50–1Oμ in diameter than they did in capillary vessels that were less than 20μ in diameter. Therefore, it appears that classification of vessels on the basis of diameter, which is at present the only practical way of comparing pressure measurements in presumably identical segments of a continuously branching system, is not adequate and makes statistical analysis difficult. In the present study, micropressures remained pulsatile throughout the bed, although the pulse pressure could be narrowed to 2–4 mm Hg in the capillaries. Simultaneous measurement of pressure in two vessels showed that the greatest pressure drop occurred in the region where arterioles (40-50)u) distributed numerous precapillary branches (10–15/x); in this region arteriolar pressures were reduced from a level of 45–65 mm Hg to about 30–35 mm Hg. These data suggest that application of the resistance term for Poiseuille flow in the microcirculation should take into account the relative sizes of the parent vessel and the branch, the entry dimensions into the branch and the length of the neck or junctional segment. Evidence found in this investigation indicated that precapillary branching configurations were self-regulatory. A small number of low-resistance, shunt pathways between arterioles and venules were regularly present, as shown by the extremely small pressure drop in 15–18% of the vessels. The data indicate that much more caution is needed in interpretation of pressure-related phenomena in the microcirculation because of their strong dependence on the anatomical and physical features characteristic of individual tissues.


Linden Place is a Federal-style residence located in Bristol, Rhode Island on 1.8 acres of land, including three outbuildings. The mansion was constructed in 1810 by Russell Warren and is significant under Criteria B and C in the areas of two of its residents and its architecture. Original owner, George DeWolf and his family had strong ties to the triangle trade and was one of the largest importer of slaves in the country during the nineteenth century. Samuel Colt, grandson of DeWolf, was a respected business man who played an important role in the rubber industry in Bristol and eventually the entire country. Linden Place is an excellent example of Federal-style architectural design with a large two-story portico, a Palladian entry door motif, and large elliptical fanlights and archways, unique to the mansion. The house retains a high degree of historic integrity, thus being representative of Linden Place's period significance. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Linden Place____________________________________ Other names/site number: General George DeWolf House; Colonel Samuel P. Colt House; DeWolf-Colt House Name of related multiple property listing: N/A________________________________________________________ (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Location Street & number: 500 Hope Street________________________________ City or town: Bristol______ State: Rhode Island__ County: Bristol______ Not For Publication: Vicinity: ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this _ nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: ___national ___statewide ___local Applicable National Register Criteria: ___A ___B ___C ___D Signature of certifying official/Title: Date ______________________________________________ State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Linden Place Bristol RI Name of Property County and State Sections 1-6 page 2 In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official: Date Title : State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: _ entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private:


Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a type of systemic vasculitis characterized by deposition of IgA on the vascular wall. Skin, joints, kidney, gastrointestinal tract and other organs may be affected. In this paper we present a patient diagnosed as IgA nephropathy with renal biopsy 12 years ago and nowadays presented with Henoch-Schonlein purpura with purpura, hematuria and migratory polyarthritis.


In this study. Brown soils and Gray-Brown padsolic soils of Tokat region were classified according to soil Taxonomy. Field works havebeen done considering the diagnostic critera of Soil Taxonomy to pepare the profile pits to make description for morphological pro parties. Physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis have been done on the disturbed and undisturbed soil: samples taken on the basis of horizon. According to Soil Taxonomy, Brown soils were placed in IN- CEPT1SOL order-usiochrept great group. Gray-Brown padsolic soils were placed in-MOLHSOL order-haplustoll great group.


In this paper I study the constant mean curvature surface in asymptotically flat 3-manifolds with general asymptotics. Under some weak condition, I prove that outside some compact set in the asymptotically flat 3-manifold with positive mass, the foliation of stable spheres of constant mean curvature is unique.


The kinetics and the mechanism of inhibition of Na~+,K~+-ATPase by sarsasapo-genin were reported.Its inhibitory characteristics on Na~+,K~+-ATPase were compa-red with ouabain.Kinetic analysis revealed that sarsasapogenin is a mixed inhibito(?)with respect to Na~+ and K~+ and an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to ATP.The effect of phospholipids on the inhibition by ouabain and sarsasapogenin onNa~+ K~+-ATPase was investigated.In contrast to ouabain,the degree of inhibitionby sarsasapogenin was decreased to various extents by the addition of phospholipids.


There are typographical errors in the two formulas at the bottom of page 269. The test functions fi and f4 should end with +(1-xJ2, +(1-xpy (the minus signs should be pluses). Reference [ll] at the bottom of page 25 should be [lo]. On line 5 of page 254, replace " step 4.5 " by " step 5 " (there is no step 4.5 in the algorithm).


The internet of things technology has become one technology that plays a role in the industrial revolution 4.0. Not only limited to the data communication between devices over internet protocol communication data networks, but on the IoT device is also need the proper interface to visualize the sensor data which has received by the server node, and with that result, the user can understand easily and get insight from those data which has an exchange or communicate each other on the system. In the previous research by Yuliantoro, et. al., the IoT device was designed only to communicate to other devices, where the web server as a server node was designed to receive the sensor data. The design of the visualize system in this research, designed by the PHP script and web server which is connected to the NodeMCU in a wireless local area network or WLAN. The sensor data from NodeMCU sent to the server, then the result will be shown visually by the website interface. Based on the results of this study, the visualized data has been shown the full sensor data, with the delay is following the delay of the NodeMCU, 60 seconds.


Some software defects trigger failures only when certain complex information flows occur within the software. Profiling and analyzing such flows therefore provides a potentially important basis for filtering test cases. We report the results of an empirical evaluation of several test case filtering techniques that are based on exercising complex information flows. Both coverage-based and profile-distribution-based filtering techniques are considered. They are compared to filtering techniques based on exercising basic blocks, branches, function calls, and def-use pairs, with respect to their effectiveness for revealing defects.


Here pi is the partial pressure of the first gas, px is its density, ux, £iare respectively the ^-components of the velocity and acceleration of one of its particles, ui, pi refer to the second gas, and Au is a constant. There are two other equations similar to (1) corresponding to the y and z-components, and a further set of three equations for the second gas. Equation (1) is a simplified form of Maxwell's equation of diffusion.' It states that there acts on a particle of the first gas a force due to the pressure gradient of the first gas, and a force proportional to the difference of the velocities of the two gases. The ordinary equation of diffusion, or Fick's law,' was deduced by Stefan1 from (1) and the equation of continuity by assuming that £i was negligible. We shall now assume that is negligible. This is the case in which the second gas is immobile and the first gas diffuses through it. Some problems involving two gases can be reduced to just such a problem.4 If now in (1) we set Ui—t, &=dv/dt, Aup*=a, pi=p, pi = p, we obtain


Antennas and resonators based on microstrip technology have been widely studied due to their attractive properties such as low weight and cost, conformability and ease of manufacturing, resulting in a huge number of applications including mobile satellite communications, direct broadcast satellite services and nondestructive testing sensors in permittivity and porosity measurements. Full wave methods are commonly used for the analysis of microstrip circuits and structures in stratified media, as they can take into account the effect of the electromagnetic coupling, surface waves, and radiation losses. Consequently they are more accurate than quasi-static methods and other simplified equivalent models. Of course, the drawback is a greater complexity of the overall method. Among the possible full-wave techniques used to analyse non-shielded structures, spectral domain integral equation formulations are probably the most common when dealing with cylindrical structures or planar surfaces involving stratified media. In general, the obtained integral equation in the spectral domain does not admit a closed form solution, but it can be suitably recast into a well-posed matrix operator equation by means of the method of analytical preconditioning [1]. It consists of the discretization of the integral equation by means of Galerkin's method with a suitable set of expansion functions leading to a matrix equation at which Fredholm's or Steinberg's theorems can be applied. In literature, it has been widely shown that this goal can be fully reached by selecting expansion functions reconstructing the physical behaviour of the fields on the involved objects with a closed-form spectral domain counterpart [2]. With such a choice, few expansion functions are needed to achieve highly accurate results and the convolution integrals are reduced to algebraic products. The aim of this paper is the introduction of a new accurate and efficient analytical technique to study the complex resonances of a circular patch in a multilayered medium. The problem is formulated as an EFIE in the spectral domain and is discretized by means of functions reconstructing the expected physical behaviour of the curl-free and divergence-free contributions [3] of the surface current density, which form a complete set of orthogonal eigenfunctions of the most singular part of the integral operator. In such a way, the overall problem is analytically regularized.


The composites of PE-HD/graphite/toughening masterbatch were prepared using a twin-screw extruder.The effects of size and content of graphite,and surface treatment on thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.It indicated that the graphite was best treated with titanium acid grease NDZ201.The smaller the particle size of graphite,the larger the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties.CaCO3 toughening masterbatch could increase the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the composites.When the mass ratio of PE-HD/graphite/250B was 45/30/25,the thermal conductivity of the composite was 1.72 W/(m·K),the impact strength was similar to neat PE-HD,the tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites increased by 52 % and 88 %,respectively.


The amount of rejected hibiscus cannabinus fiber reaches 30% during harvesting and 10% of the fiber bought by industries because they are not satisfied the quality requirement. In other words, 37% of the harvested hibiscus cannabinus fiber is rejected and become waste. On the other hand, the society need alternative fuel instead of fossil fuel due to its availability and high-price. Therefore, a study on the utilization of hibiscus cannabinus fiber waste for alternative fuel is urgently required. The main materials used in this research are hibiscus cannabinus fiber waste and starch glue. The first step is producing star-coal by burning the hibiscus cannabinus fiber in a closed tube (chamber) followed by producing starcoal briquette by blending starcoal powder and starch glue, and finally, pressing it in a pressing machine. The characteristic being studied are: water content (comply to ASTM-D-3173), calorific value (ASTM D-2015 and ASTM D-5865-03), and ash content (ASTM D-3174). The result of the research shows that the average calorific value of hibiscus cannabinus fiber waste is 6595,65 kal/gram while that of the briquette compacted  at 1090 psi or above was 7394,14 kal/gram. The average water content was 10,9%, and ash content is 31,67%. Advanced study concerning the percentage of fly ash and economic aspects was recommended in order to justify its feasibility.


In 1661–62 Huygens discovered that liquid water could exist metastably at a pressure lower than the vapor pressure. At first Boyle could not reproduce the results, but following a visit to London made by Huygens in 1663, Boyle demonstrated that the mercury in a barometer could stick and support a tension of two atmospheres. This was still known in 1805 to Young and Laplace, who explained the phenomenon in terms of cohesion, but seems then to have been forgotten. Modern work on negative pressures starts with the independent rediscovery of the phenomenon several times starting in 1846, and it is now explained in terms of metastable regions of the equation of state.


A study of improvement in machine performance to reduce development time for new model in automotive industry is presented in this paper. The approach taken are by studying the existing practice in car development and suggesting various ways for method improvement such as through the reduction in errors during software introduction, the increase of automation and the increase in machine safety. The results are summarised in a table through SWOT analysis.


Revised! ENY-105, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Malcolm T. Sanford and James D. Ellis, provides beekeepers with basic information about this major predator on beehives in Florida. This version updates the 1999 version with updated information on electric fencing, a comment on the Africanized honey bee, and references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2006.
ENY-105/AA133: Florida Bears and Beekeeping (ufl.edu)


17 strains of endophytic fungi were firstly isolated from root,stem and leaf tissues of Lygodium japonicum(Thunb.) Sw.,of which 16 strains were identified belonging to 8 genera,5 families,4 orders,3 classes;and one strain had not been identified owing to lack of spores.Among the 8 genera of identified endophytic fungi,Penicillium Link ex Fr.was the dominant genera,accounting for 23.5% of the total number;the second were Acremonium Link and Alternaria Nees ex Fr.,each of which was comprised 17.6% of the total number.Quantity,distribution,and population constitution of endophytic fungi in L.japonicum varied in different tissues of the plants collected in different seasons,which reflected the ecological diversity of endophytic fungi in L.japonicum.


The magnificent gifts that I havejust received from the Gasimi Institute1 and from Contessina Germana Gaslini, and the far too laudatory words of Avvocato Carlo Martinengo, president ofthe institute, threaten to bolster my already redoubtable self-satisfaction, so that I must light bonfires to remind myself of this world's vanities. I can feel in your words and attitudes a warm, optimistic expectation, the certitude of things hoped for, the trust in my missionary zeal—all things that are indispensable to anyone working for the love-borne, love-dedicated Gaslini Institute. I bow before these monuments ofChristian and social charity, which I regard as islands of grace, hope, spiritual enrichment, and salvation, where the noblest spiritual gifts find increase and reach out to the farthest horizons.


Intimacy has been cited as primary psychological need by many psychologists, including Rogers, Maslow, and Erikson. Others claim intimate relationships provide benefits for both the mind and body. Despite its importance, there continues to be disagreement as to how intimacy should be defined. Research suggests that the meaning of intimacy may vary according to the type of relationship involved or the gender, age, or cultural identity of the referent. Yet there exists almost no literature attempting to understand the meaning of intimacy for men who are gay. A s gay relationships become more open and accepted, practitioners w i l l find themselves dealing with questions of intimacy between men who are gay. In order to better serve the clients, it w i l l be important to have a common reference point. This phenomenological study serves to advance the field by asking men who are gay to define intimacy using their own long-term relationship as a reference point. After interviewing men who are gay in Vancouver, Canada, the author conducted an analysis of the interviews and categories and themes were developed to help explain what intimacy means to men who are gay. These themes include the development of intimacy as a process, togetherness, openness, perceptions of commonalities between partners, the need for individuation and time spent apart, growth within oneself and growth within the relationship, effort required to develop and maintain intimacy, commitment, support, the role of emotions in intimacy, physical demonstrations of intimacy, sexuality, the varying levels and forms of intimacy, the influence of role models, and the need to overcome challenges in developing intimate relationships. Following a discussion of the themes, the essential structure of intimacy for men who are gay is presented. In addition, the relevance of these findings to previous research is discussed and recommendations to researchers and practitioners are offered.


In this work, we develop an Ultrasound based Silent Speech Interface (SSI) for generating vowel sounds utilizing articulatory speech synthesis. For this, we collect Ultrasound scans of tongue movements from a single participant uttering continuous vowel sounds. We further trace the palate as well as the tongue contour from the ultrasound images to compute the 1D vocal tract area functions between the tongue surface and palate. We feed these area function values to the articulatory speech synthesizer JASS to get the synthesized continuous vowel sounds as the outputs. We perform a formant-based analysis to evaluate the similarity of the reconstructed vowel sounds with the original utterances. In order to further improve vowel outputs from Ultra-Arti-Synth, the user can use the output as feedback to manipulate tongue positions in different ways to achieve the desired vowel sound targets.


The pineal gland is richly innervated by the neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐positive nerves that mostly exibit immunoreactivity for the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of sympathetic nerve fibers. NPY is synthesized as a part of larger prepromolecule. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate that the posttranslational processing of preproNPY resulted in the presence of C‐terminal flanking peptide of NPY (CPON) in nerve fibers of the pig pineal gland.


At the end of the Cold War period, the geopolitics of Australia's regional relations were described in terms of the application of a 'directional front model' ― that is, it was argued that, during the late-Cold War and post-Cold War periods, Australia's regional relations had been developed along four broad 'fronts' (Rumley, 1999). A cooperative security front was developed to Australia's north; an aid front was in place to Australia's east; an environmental security front had been agreed to Australia's south; and, in 1997, a trade front was constructed to Australia's west (Figure 1). These four fronts had been developed primarily for reasons of regional security, in the broadest meaning of the multidimensional term security. The most recent creation of the fourth (Indian Ocean) front can also be represented as a 'closing' of the circle of security around Australia. The end result was that Australia had attempted to construct a geopolitical foundation for a secure re-


The article, based on the analysis of statistical indicators that characterize the population, age and unemployment rate, draws conclusions about the need for a strategic approach to human resource management. The analysis of statistical indicators indicates that the largest share of those employed in the economy of Ukraine is people aged 40 to 49 years. The share of the unemployed is gradually declin-ing, despite the projected population of Ukraine continues to decline gradually. One of the reasons for the reduction is migration. A large proportion of people who go abroad are young people, which is a dis-appointing indicator for the future of Ukraine. The generalization of the experience of human resources management in countries such as South Korea, Singapore and Switzerland has led to the conclusion that the only way to achieve effective human resources management is to develop approaches to social protection and social guarantees. Approaches to the formation of the Ukrainian social model of protection of citizens are proposed, which should be based on a set of regional strategic programs of social protection aimed at preserving and increasing human resources, ensuring their growth in accordance with the needs of Ukraine's competitive economy and stable economic activity. Strategic directions of social protection of the population of Ukraine include: targeting of social services and benefits, moneti-zation of social protection and / or its materialization, general total improvement of the quality of social security of citizens. In addition, it is proposed to implement the following projects to ensure the quality of the process of providing social security services: the introduction of total digitalization of instruments and programs of regional and state policy in the field of social protection; development and use of inno-vative tools for early diagnosis and prevention of socially dangerous situations at the community, city, region, state level; popularization of social entrepreneurship and creation of normative-legal base for its functioning.


Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of chronic bronchitis,as long as it has correctly syndrome differentiation and proper prescription,satisfactory effect is usually obtained.The patients with chronic bronchitis often have symptoms of cough and expectoration,cough with dyspnea often relieves following the reduction and disappearance of phlegm,Therefore,syndrome differentiation and treatment of phlegm is very important in treating chronic bronchitis.This paper discusses the production mechanism,clinical symptoms and treatment strategies of cold phlegm,damp phlegm,heat phlegm,dry phlegm and stagnant phlegm which are common in clinic.And according to deficiency of kidney yang,deficiency of kidney yin,deficiency of kidney essence,the way of nourishing kidney is discussed respectively,which is of positive significance for clinic.


Changes in ascorbic acid of cortical and pith regions from apical and basal portions of potato tubers previously kept in cold storage for 3 months and then stored at (T and 8±2°C were analyzed during 16 days The apical portion showed a little higher value than basal portion at 0-day but the difference was insignificant thereafter at both the temperatures. Pith region had higher amount of ascorbic acid than cortex throughout the storage period. About 84 per cent decline was recorded in this metabolite in cortex during 16 days of storage.


The addition of trialkyltin chloride (TPT) to washed cell suspensions of E. coli and B. subtilis resulted in a decrease of 660 nm absorbance. The decrease was more marked with the higher TPT concentration. In the case of B. subtilis, cell lysis was found with microscopic observation. The decrease was dependent on the temperature of the reaction mixture; it was observed only at 30°C, however, it was not observed at 0, 60 and 100°C. TPT addition to the cell suspensions also resulted in a rapid release of such constituents as magnesium, protein, sugar and 260 nm absorbing materials. For both bacteria, the leakages of magnesium and protein were more rapid than that of other compounds. Very little leakage of phospholipids and inorganic phosphates was observed. The leakage of cell constituents was completely prevented by divalent cations.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-associated neurologic disorders are rare, with varied presentations, including stiff-person syndrome (SPS) and cerebellar ataxia (CA). Vestibular and ocular motor (VOM) dysfunction can be the main presentation in a subset of patients. Methods: Retrospective review of the Johns Hopkins Hospital medical records from 1997 to 2018 identified a total of 22 patients with a diagnosis of anti-GAD–associated SPS or CA who had detailed VOM assessments. Eight had prominent VOM dysfunction at the initial symptom onset and were referred to neurology from ophthalmology or otolaryngology ("early dominant"). Fourteen patients had VOM dysfunction that was not their dominant presentation and were referred later in their disease course from neurology to neuro-ophthalmology ("nondominant"). We reviewed clinical history, immunological profiles, and VOM findings, including available video-oculography. Results: In the 8 patients with early dominant VOM dysfunction, the average age of symptom onset was 53 years, and 5 were men. The most common symptom was dizziness, followed by diplopia. Seven had features of CA, and 4 had additional features of SPS. None had a structural lesion on brain MRI accounting for their symptoms. The most common VOM abnormalities were downbeating and gaze-evoked nystagmus and saccadic pursuit. All received immune therapy and most received symptomatic therapy. Most experienced improvement in clinical outcome measures (modified Rankin scale and/or timed 25-foot walk test) or VOM function. By contrast, in the 14 patients in whom VOM dysfunction was nondominant, most had an SPS phenotype and were women. VOM abnormalities, when present, were more subtle, although mostly still consistent with cerebellar and/or brainstem dysfunction. Conclusions: Individuals with anti-GAD–associated neurologic disorders may present with prominent VOM abnormalities at the initial symptom onset that localize to the cerebellum and/or brainstem. In our cohort, immune and symptomatic therapies improved clinical outcomes and symptomatology.


This paper analyzes the up-down layer topology of multi-source media streaming network, and presents a topology optimization strategy based on loading balance. This strategy makes use of the abundant network resource by P2P technology and combines media servers function with group broadcasting theory. It can make all media streaming network's topology balanced, and bring on all system's loading balanced. Playing delay is reduced, and system stability is enhanced when system expansibility is ensured.


The research efforts in understanding the influence of TiO 2 1D nanoarchitecture structure and morphology on its biological and photocatalytic activity absorbed a lot of attention during last few years. Nowadays, the application of TiO 2 coatings in biomedical technologies (e.g., in modern implantology) requires the material of strictly defined structure and morphology, possessing both high biocompatibility, as well as antimicrobial properties. The presented review is a compilation of interdisciplinary knowledge about the application of 1D TiO 2 nanostructural coatings (nanotubes, nanofibres, nanowires) in biomedical technologies. The methods and parameters of their synthesis, and the physicochemical techniques used in the characterization of their structure and morphology, are discussed. Moreover, their ability to be applied as innovative coatings for modern implants is presented.