AbstractFollowing a brief review of the international regulatory framework and its historical development, the principal priorities for the design and operation of a rellable transport system are defined and commented upon.The paper examines the reasons for the increased pressures upon international nuclear transport. It is argued that a key factor is the gap between 'actual' and 'publicly perceived' safety.BNFL's approach to achieving and demonstrating acceptable safety standards is described and proposals for broader international initiatives, with regard both to internal industry issues and external responses, are presented.


In planning for new or expanding bibliographic programs, library administrators and instruction librarians must work together to develop strategies for using limited staff resources effectively. Issues related to who should teach, how to develop needed skills, and which instructional methodologies to adopt must be addressed. Organizations in which assumptions and priorities can be examined, and where risk-taking is encouraged, often achieve goals which otherwise might be unobtainable.


Objective: To investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthase in the spinal cord following the blockade of 5-HT2A receptors of inflammatory tissues. Methods: 2% carrageenan was injected subcutaneously into one hindpaw of rats. Vehicle or ketanserin 20 μg and 1% formalin were injected at 1 and 24 h, respectively, after carrageenan in the same site. The rats were perfused at 25 h. The NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry in the spinal cord was determined. Results: Compared to the vehicle treatment, intraplantar injection of 1% formalin in the inflammatory paw produced remarkable increase in NADPH-d reactive neurons that were predominantly distributed in laminae I-II of spinal dorsal horn at L4~L5 segments. The increase was abolished by ketanserin. Interestingly, inhibition of ketanserin on inflammation-evoked increase of NADPH reactivity was reversed by subcutaneous administration of naloxone methiodide, a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist. Conclusion: Peripheral 5-HT plays an important role in the maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia, and that blockade of 5-HT2A receptor could activate endogenous opioid analgesia leading to an increase in nitric oxide synthase.


As part of this Magnet hospital's safety initiatives, nurses conduct age-specific screening for depression, and, when appropriate, for suicide ideation.


Cyathostome resistance to anthelmintics in horses is a worldwide issue. There have been no reports on the current situation concerning this matter in Ecuador. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of cyathostome, anthelmintic resistance to febendazol or ivermectin in pastured horses from Machachi, Ecuador. A total of 117 horses from 7 stables in the area were selected. These were clinically healthy, 2 to 16 year old, pastured horses. To standardize the sample, all horses were treated with pyrantel pamoate at the recommended label dosage (6.6 mg/kg). After 60 days following this treatment, basal fecal egg counts were obtained. Horses with fecal egg counts higher than 200 hpg (n=54) were selected and randomly assigned to one of 3 experimental groups: fenbendazol (n=17), ivermectin (n=19), and control (n=18). Each treatment was given orally at recommended label dosages at day 0: fenbendazol (7.5 mg/kg), ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and placebo (yogurt). Fecal egg counts were then performed on all horses (n=54) at 14, 28, 42, 56 and 80 days post-treatment in order to perform fecal egg count reduction tests and determination of egg reappearance periods. Resistance was considered when efficacy was lower than 95% and lower confidence limits (LCL) were under 90%. Egg reappearance periods were compared to known egg reappearance periods for each product (FBZ: 4-5 weeks; IVM: 6-8 weeks). Fenbendazol exhibited poor efficacy (18.2%; 0 LCL:) Ivermectin demonstrated complete efficacy (100%; LCL: 100%) and egg reappearance occurred between 42 and 56 days (6 to 8 weeks) following this treatment. Results suggested that anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes of horses in Machachi is present against fenbendazol but not ivermectin.


A Hansen-Woodyard condition is developed for a 2-D radial leaky-wave antenna. The optimum phase constant that gives maximum endfire directivity is calculated for two cases; one considers the array factor only and the other includes the element pattern. A comparison between 1-D and 2-D Hansen-Woodyard conditions for leaky-wave antennas is made. The optimum radiation efficiency that maximizes the endfire gain of a 2-D leaky-wave antenna is also found.


ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: These proposed regulations set forth limitations on the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters from "new source" coal mines and coal preparation plants. These regulations are required to be Issued under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. When promulgated in Anal form, the limitations will be incorporated in National Pollutant Discharge System Permits issued to new sources by the Federal EPA or by States with approved programs. DATE: Comments must be received on or before November 18, 1977. ADDRESS: Send comments to: Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, D.C. 20460, Attention: Distribution Officer, WH-552. FOR FURTHER INFORATION CONTACT:


Photocatalytic Ozonation as an effective wastewater treatment technology could degrade refractory organics in wastewater effectively.This paper analyzed the reaction mechanism of UV/O3/Fe2+,UV/O3/Fe3+ and UV/O3/H2O2,and introduced the cases that Photocatalytic ozonation are applied,pointed out the problems and prospects of Photocatalytic Ozonation.


As social media grew in popularity among the general public, content and opinion sharing has become rapid and convenient. The majority of users rely on social media for news and trust the content shared by the network. Some individuals, both purposefully and unintentionally, disseminate hate content and instill hatred in their readers. Even in Sri Lanka, the spread of hate propaganda on social media has resulted in communal discord and a variety of concerns. Only a limited number of research studies have been conducted to analyze the hate content written in Sinhala. This work investigates a mechanism for detecting hate content typed in Sinhala language and posted on Twitter. The proposed supervised mechanism is an ensemble method that selects the most accurate result from different models. 63% of accuracy, 58% of F1 Score, 61% of Precision and 58% of Recall were achieved when predicting hate content.


The adhesion of long, straight, single-walled carbon nanotubes to surfaces is examined using multidimensional force spectroscopy. We observed characteristic signatures in the deflection and frequency response of the cantilever indicative of nanotube buckling and slip-stick motion as a result of compression and subsequent adhesion and peeling of the nanotube from the surface. The spring constant and the elastic modulus of the SWNT were estimated from the frequency shifts under tension. Using elastica modeling for postbuckled columns, we have determined the static coefficient of friction for the SWNT on alkanethiol-modified gold surfaces and showed that it varies with the identity of the monolayer terminal group.


Abstract : Southeastern Europe is a region subject to chronic instability. Ethnic tensions, territorial disputes, and violence are recurring issues. Conflicts during the 1990's led to international interventions and a persistent US Army presence. How the future US Army role will evolve remains uncertain. Whatever the prospects, the aim of this study is to investigate future roles in a strategic perspective. In support of this investigation, the author applies qualitative methods to an analysis of critical reference documents and diverse supplementary materials. Strategic documents, policies, and plans constitute one important research set of sources. Treaties, alliances, and agreements to provide armed forces comprise a second. On the basis of analysis, this thesis reaches three major conclusions. First, the US Army will probably experience a decreased role in the future security of southeastern Europe. Second, the US Army will nonetheless continue to provide forces in the indeterminate future. Third, the long-term US Army role will likely focus on security cooperation activities.


Abstract An interesting class of matrices is shown to have the property that the spectrum of each of its elements is invariant under multiplication by p-th. roots of unity. For this class and for a class of Hamiltonian matrices improved spectral variation bounds are obtained.


The effects of solution and aging treatment on microstructure and properties of Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr-0.3La lead frame alloy were studied.The microstructure was analyzed by optical microscope,and the electrical conductivity and hardness were measured.The results show that microstructure as-cast is coarse dendritic structure.After solution treatment at 950 ℃ for 1 h,the grains become slightly finer than that of the alloy as-cast,and the secondary Cr-rich phase decreases obviously.When the solution-treated samples were aged at 500,550,600 and 650℃ for 2 h respectively,the electrical conductivity and the hardness increase significantly.After solution treatment at 950 ℃ for 1 h and aging at 550 ℃ for 2 h,the fine Cr-rich phase is distributed uniformly in matrix,and good combination properties can be obtained,electrical conductivity and hardness can reach 97.1%IACS and 87.2 HV respectively.


Precision measurements and quantum-information processing with cold atoms may benefit from trapping atoms with specially engineered, 'magic' optical fields. At the magic trapping conditions, the relevant atomic properties remain immune to strong perturbations by the trapping fields. Here we develop a theoretical analysis of magic trapping for especially valuable Zeeman-insensitive clock transitions in alkali-metal atoms. The involved mechanism relies on applying a magic bias B field along a circularly polarized trapping laser field. We map out these B fields as a function of trapping laser wavelength for all commonly used alkalis. We also highlight a common error in evaluating Stark shifts of hyperfine manifolds.


Recent work suggests that interaural time difference (ITD) thresholds are adult-like by 8-10 years of age in children with normal hearing (NH). If processing time is considered, however, we hypothesize that the ability to successfully extract ITDs is not fully mature in children. A novel paradigm was designed to simultaneously measure eye gaze with an eye tracker during an ITD discrimination task with mouse-click. Stimuli were 4 kHz transposed tones modulated at 128 Hz, tested with a 3-interval, 2-alternative forced choice task (left- or right-leading ITDs) with feedback. During each trial, gaze position on the computer screen was simultaneously recorded from stimulus onset to the time when a mouse click indicated either a left or right response. Processing times were extracted from the eye gaze data and compared with those from young NH adults. This presentation will focus on the developmental differences observed when threshold estimation is used versus when processing time is assessed via eye gaze meas...


Abstract : The results of quasi-static, uniaxial, compression, and tensile and sonic elastic moduli room temperature tests of S-7 tool steel are presented. The modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and bulk modulus of various tempers of S-7 tool steel are reported as well as the stress- strain curves for both compression and tensile loading.


As early as 400 BC Indian doctors observed that diabetes was a disease of well fed people. In 1895 Bose wrote "Amongst the Zemindars and Talookdars, who consider it a pride and honor to lead an indolent life, diabetes is a common disorder."1 In 1962 my 76 year old Aunt Nina attributed her diabetes to being old, fat, and inactive.

Much of what I have read about epidemiology of diabetes in the past 20 years has merely refined what my Aunt Nina said about her non-insulin dependent diabetes. We have learnt more about its causes and have more precise estimates of the relative risks of developing it as a function of age, obesity, level of physical activity, and, from Rimm and colleagues' paper in this week's journal, cigarette smoking and alcohol use (p 555).2 But substantial advances in our understanding of its epidemiology and that of other non-communicable diseases have been rare.

The epidemiology of diabetes has recently seen a change of focus—apparent in the paper by Perry and colleagues in this issue with its examination of the …


One aspect of the person and work of Jesus Christ that has not been explored adequately is the work of the preincarnate Logos in the creation of the earth and universe. This study is an attempt to stimulate discussion relating to a biblical understanding of the work of Jesus in creation.' There are four primary passages in the NT which speak of Jesus' role in creation. These passages are 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16; Heb 1:2, 10; and John 1:3,10. These passages are familiar, but seldom considered as a body which may reflect a tradition or belief within the early church. These passages will be considered for their impact on the issue; then implications derived from the passages will be presented.


Wave dynamics in the coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators with pacemaker defects is studied. It is found that with increasing the coupling strength, the lattice experiences a dynamical transition from a local wave to the global propagation. For large enough coupling, a transition from global wave propagation to the propagation failure can be observed. Noise-enhanced wave propagation in the propagation-failure regime is revealed.


It has been reported that metabolic rates of striped bass Morone saxatilis and hybrid striped bass M. chrysops♀ x M. saxatilis♂ are different. A series of experiments were conducted to further characterize oxygen consumption and metabolism of striped bass and its hybrid, the sunshine bass. Oxygen consumption was measured to determine standard and routine metabolic rates of striped bass and hybrid striped bass in a freshwater, flow-through tank system. Additionally, blood chemistry stress indicators of the two bass groups were compared in both fresh and brackish water. Hematocrit (% PCV) and hemoglobin were measured in order to compare oxidative efficiencies of the bass. Plasma glucose, chlorides, and cortisol levels were measured to compare the relative stress status of the two bass types reared under experimental conditions. No significant differences were found in average daily oxygen consumption between striped bass and sunshine bass for either standard metabolism (P= 0.92), or routine metabolism (P = 0.86). Standard metabolic rates of oxygen consumption were 69 ± 4.1 and 68 ± 3.5 mg 02/kg3/4 bw/h for sunshine bass and striped bass respectively. Routine metabolic rates were 132 ± 30 and 125 ± 30 mg O2/kg3/4 bw/h for sunshine bass and striped bass respectively. While there were no significant differences in oxygen consumption between species, normal feeding activity generally resulted in increased oxygen consumption by the fish. Striped bass had significantly lower hematocrit values (P= 0.0001), but significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations than sunshine bass maintained in freshwater (P= 0.0001). Striped bass had significantly higher (P= 0.0001) levels of plasma glucose compared to sunshine bass (176 ± 8.6 vs. 103 ± 5.6 mg/dL respectively). Plasma chloride levels for striped bass (123 ± 1.9 mEq/L) were significantly higher (P= 0.041) than plasma chloride levels of sunshine bass (117 ± 1.7 mEq/L). Plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher (P= 0.0081) for striped bass (147 ± 8.4 ng/mL) compared to sunshine bass (119 ± 5.6 ng/ mL) when reared in freshwater. When maintained in brackish water, sunshine bass had significantly higher hematocrit values (P= 0.0001), and hemoglobin concentrations (P= 0.0012) when compared to striped bass. However, sunshine bass had significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations (P= 0.0012) when compared to striped bass. In addition, plasma glucose levels were significantly lower (P = 0.0079) for sunshine bass (79 ± 4.1 g/dL) when compared to striped bass (115 ± 11 g/dL). There were no significant differences between the bass in levels of chlorides or cortisol. No differences were detected in oxygen consumption. However, hybrid striped bass may have more efficient oxidative metabolism due to elevated hemoglobin concentrations. While striped bass hemoglobin values tended to be higher in brackish water than in freshwater, sunshine bass hematocrit or hemoglobin values generally were significantly higher than striped bass in both fresh and brackish water. Based on these results, hybrid striped bass may be capable of directing more energy towards growth than striped bass due to more efficient oxidative metabolism and lower losses of energy related to increased stress.


BACKGROUND
We used a flow cytometric assay, which allows us to perform precise measurements within a wide range of cell concentrations to study the effect of the density of cultured cells on their sensitivity to cytotoxic compounds.

METHODS
To measure cytotoxic action, cells are plated in a 96-well plate at a density ranging from 700 to 100,000 cells/ml and are allowed to grow for 72 h in the presence of various concentrations of a cytotoxic agent. To quantitate the number of surviving cells, each sample is analyzed in a flow cytometer with equal acquisition time. Viable cells are identified by light scattering characteristics identical to those for untreated cells. To estimate the amount of viable, apoptotic, or necrotic (late apoptotic) cells, the samples are stained with Annexin V and propidium iodide.

RESULTS
Using this method, we found that the cytotoxicity of ascorbic acid for malignant lymphoid CEM-C7 cells can be increased significantly when cell density decreases, reaching a value that is typically lower than the normal physiological concentration of ascorbic acid in blood.

CONCLUSION
The flow cytometric analysis described in this study can be useful in comparing the effects of cell density on the cytotoxic action of various compounds.


The ascension of Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) and their increasingly automated authoring processes may be marginalizing the craft, if not the science, of instructional design. All the templates, wizards, and other productivity tools that come bundled into the leading LCMS platforms have certainly made it easier to assemble and deploy structured learning content.


Heterozygosity of Branchiostoma belcheri Gray in Xiamen was investigated using vertical slab polyacryla-mide gel electrophoresis.Seven enzymes presumably encoded by 14 allozyme loci in B.belcheri.They are Aat-1,Amy-1,Amy-2,Amy-3,Amy-4,Me-1,Me-2,Mdh-1,Mdh-2,Sod-1,Sod-2,Est-1,Est-2,and Per-1,of which 8 loci are polymorphic,they are Sod-1,Aat-1,Me-1,Me-2,Mdh-1,Mdh-2,Est-2,Amy-2.The genotypic distribution observed at Me-1,Mdh-1 and Est-2 in all populations and Amy-2 in East of Southern line to 18 population was in agreement with those expected by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(HWE)(P0.05);but Sod-1,Mdh-2,Me-2 and Aat-1 loci in all populations and Amy-2 in other three populations were significant departed from those expected from HWE(P0.05).Heterozygote deficiency in Amy-2 locus in East of Southern line to 18 and Huangcuo populations(F0) and heterozygote excess in other polymorphic loci(F0) were also revealed among populations.The heterozygote deficiency resulting from natural selection,inbreeding effects,presence of null allele and so on would cause disappearance of allele,lower genetic diversity and lower environmental adaptation ability.


In this work, the synthesis of the trinuclear ruthenium complex [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(NO)(py)2]PF6 (py = pyridine) was performed following two different synthetic routes (conventional (a) and a new one (b)) in order to verify and to compare the efficiency of both. In addition, the mapping of the conventional synthetic route was done to analyze the best way to conduct it at each step for the synthesis to be successful. It was possible to state in route (a) that two precursors must be purified: precursor 1 [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(S)3] + and 3 [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(CO)(L)2], no purification of the final product being necessary. The modifications required for the optimization of synthesis (a) were the use of a freshly prepared solution of bromine and the substitution of the dry methanol in the washing flask by dry dichloromethane. We can not rule out the possibility of the new synthetic route (b), added to the modifications pointed out in this work, to present good results. The characterizations were made using UV-visible, infrared and NMR spectroscopy techniques. Reactivity studies for both complexes analyzed ([Ru3O(CH3COO)6(NO)(py)2]PF6 and [Ru III,III,III 3O(CH3COO)6(4-acpy)NO)]PF6), suggested the formation of the species [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(NO2 )(L)2] where L = 4-acpy or py this reaction being dependent on the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the medium. Studies of the reactivity and reduction of compound [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(NO)(py)2]PF6 with the biological reductant ascorbic acid, in the presence of OH ions, allowed to suggest a hypothesis for the NO release mechanism with redox stimulus, in the absence of light. It is proposed that the coordinated NO ligand undergoes a nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl ions present in the medium, concomitant to an intra-molecular electron transfer that generates the species [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(NO2 )(py)2] . The latter is reduced by ascorbic acid, restoring the ligand NO which, now coordinated to the reduced metal unit [Ru3O], is finally labilized, generating the complex [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(S)(py)2] .


PURPOSE: To obtain an integrated method and a plant of separating air and generating electric power. CONSTITUTION: Air is compressed by a compressor 4 and a minor air stream taken out of the compressor 4 is cooled by heat exchange with a pressured water stream at a heat exchanger 12. The cooled minor air stream is separated into oxygen and nitrogen at a plant 30. The oxygen is fed through a compressor 32 to a blast furnace to reduce iron ore to iron and low grade fuel gas is produced. The fuel gas is compressed by a compressor 40 and moisturized by water fed from the heat exchanger 12 at a gas-liquid contact tower 18. The moisturized fuel gas is fed into a combustion chamber 6 and combusted with the remain of the compressed air from the compressor 4. The resulting combustion gas are then expanded by an expander 8 with the generation of electric power.


motion. They proved that if the friction moment ABSTRACT: The main features of offshore turret platforms are station-keeping and weathervaning functions. Due to the complexity of the yaw motion, abundant research is being done to verify the factors that affect the heading stability. Simulations are used for studies that are not possible with experiments, but the conditions must be verified using experimental results. This study presents methods to estimate turret-related parameters such as the rotational stiffness and rotational damping. A time series analysis was performed, and the results showed that the calculation using the obtained parameters agreed well with experimental results.


One of the key problems of restoring a degraded image from motion blur is the estimation of the unknown non-linear blur filter from a single input blurred image. Many blind deconvolution methods typically assume frequency-domain constraints on images, simplified parametric forms for the motion path during camera shake or use multiple input images with specific characteristics. This paper proposes an algorithm for removing non-linear motion blur from a single input blurred image using Genetic Algorithms (GAs), by finding the proper parameters and goal function. Also recent research in natural image statistics is exploited, which shows that photographs of natural scenes typically obey heavy-tailed distribution. The Point Spread Function entries are used as the parameters of the GA. Experiments on a wide data set of standard images degraded with different kernels of different sizes demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach especially in small blur lengths compared to other algorithms with reasonable running times for a GA.


Volume 6, Issue 4, July – August 2017 Page 239 Abstract Now a days, the Social Media has become very popular to share the users viewpoints to their friends by using various social networking platforms. It makes obligatory for the users to post their reviews for other users to know about the quality of the products. In this paper, information overloading problem are discussed. So, a Sentiment-based rating prediction method is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy in the traditional recommender systems. User trusted friend, Item reputation and User Sentiment similarity factors are introduced. In this, the three factors are fused into the recommender systems to make accurate rating prediction. The performance evaluation of three sentimental factors on the user datasets, product datasets are considered. As the result, it helps to improve the recommendation performance.


Traditionally, researches on information security mainly focus on the different sub-disciplines such as network security; application security; grid security, etc., but not much emphasis is focused on integrated enterprise information security architecture. The paper proposed a layered and service-oriented intelligent enterprise information security architecture, helping to build a model to manage the enterprise information security activities systematically, intelligently and incorporate with the overall information management activities. The authors also propose to define the information security and risk control services based on SOA architecture referring to ISO/IEC 27002 standard and industrypsilas best practices. It is concluded that these will enhance the effectiveness of enterprise information security management and risk control activities.


Materialized view selection (MVS) plays a vital role for efficiently making decisions in a data warehouse. This problem is NP-hard and constrained optimization problem. The authors have handled both the space and maintenance cost constraint using penalty functions. Three penalty function methods i.e. static, dynamic and adaptive penalty functions have been used for handling constraints and Backtracking Search Optimization algorithm (BSA) has been used for optimizing the total query processing cost. Experiments were conducted comparing the static, dynamic and adaptive penalty functions on varying the space constraint. The adaptive penalty function method yields the best results in terms of minimum query processing cost and achieves the optimality, scalability and feasibility of the problem on varying the lattice dimensions and on increasing the number of user queries. The authors proposed work has been compared with other evolutionary algorithms i.e. PSO and genetic algorithm and yields better results in terms of minimum total query processing cost of the materialized views.


Ischaemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, without any long-term effective treatments targeted at regeneration. This has led to developments of novel, biomaterial-based strategies using self-assembling peptide hydrogels.


Structural condition monitoring methods can be generally classified as local and global. While the global method needs only a small number of sensors to measure the low-frequency structural vibration properties, the acquired information is often not sufficiently sensitive to minor damages in a structure. Local methods, on the other hand, could be very sensitive to minor damages but their detection range is usually small. To overcome the drawbacks and take advantage of both methods, an integrated condition monitoring system has been recently developed for structural damage detection, which combines guided wave and structural vibration tests. This study aims at finding a viable damage identification method for steel structures by using this system. First, a spectral element modelling method is developed, which can simulate both wave propagation and structural vibration properties. Then the model is used in updating analysis to identify crack damage. Extensive numerical simulations and model updating works are conducted. The experimental and numerical results suggest that simply combining the objective functions cannot provide better structural damage identification. A two-stage damage identification scheme is more suitable for identifying damage in steel beams.


The paper analyzes the importance of geological knowledge for solving a wide range of practical problems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of the research of scientists and specialists in 2012–2018 in Geology, Geophysics, Geography, Mining, Geodesy and cartography on the basis of RSCI databases (Russian science citation index). The analysis was carried out taking into account a number of scientometric indicators: the publication activity of researchers – the annual number of their publications, as well as the citation of these publications and the demand for the results of their work. Features of publication activity are revealed: high values of its indicators for Geology and Geophysics and minimum values – for Geodesy and cartography; thus the number of publications on Geography and Mining approximately coincide. For Geology, there is stability in the number of publications since 2015, while in other analyzed industries there is a decline in the number of publications since 2017. Citation rates for all years under review are continuously decreasing. At the same time, in the field of Geophysics, citation rates are 3–4 times higher than similar indicators for Geography, and 7–9 times – indicators for Mining. The most popular are the results of research in Geophysics, the least – in the field of Geodesy and cartography. НАУКОМЕТРИЯ. БИБЛИОМЕТРИЯ Научные и технические библиотеки, 2020, No 2 93 At the same time, if the annual demand for the results of studies in Geophysics exceeds similar indicators for Geography by 15–20%, for Geodesy and cartography – about 1.5 times. Low demand for all areas of research in 2018. The reason is obviously the same as for the small citation indicators this year: the delayed "response" of the scientific community to the publications of the current year.


Analysis of low stress Hugoniot data on Anvil Points oil shale was accomplished through careful categorization of data depending upon density. Density is directly related to kerogen content and kerogen content is a strong variable in determining the Hugoniot. For a given density (kerogen content), the shock velocity-particle velocity data show a minimum in shock velocity believed related to yielding in the rock constituent of the oil shale. Low stress Hugoniot data blend smoothly with high pressure data. Further data selection permitted evaluation of the orientation dependence (approximately 15 percent in wave speed) of the shock velocity. Wave propagation speed in a direction normal to the bedding planes is less than that parallel to the bedding planes. A weak minimum in wave speed occurs between 0 and 45/sup 0/.


Introduction: Suicide prevention for Veterans is a public health priority. However, it has been challenging to study suicide in Canadian Veterans post-release from the military. The Veteran Suicide...


The authors describe the rigorous CAD (computer-aided design) of a class of cavity filters composed of rectangular and circular waveguide structures. Based on the rectangular-to-circular and circular-to-circular waveguide junction key-building block modal S-matrices, the design takes rigorously into account both the finite iris thickness and the higher order mode interaction at all step discontinuities, as well as asymmetric irises. This allows the stopband characteristic to be included in the filter design, and dual-mode resonance effects may be utilized to achieve improved edge steepness and rejection characteristics. The theory is verified by measurements.<<ETX>>


Background Differentiating multiple pulmonary lesions as multiple primary lung cancer (MLC) or intra-pulmonary metastasis (IPM) is critical. Lung cancer also has a high genetic heterogeneity, which influenced the treatment strategy. Genetic information may aid in tracing lineage information on multiple lung lesions. This study applied comprehensive genomic profiling to decipher the intrinsic genetics of multiple lung lesions. Methods Sixty-six lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) tumor lesions (FFEP) archived from 30 patients were included in this study. The 508 cancer-related genes were evaluated by targeted next-generation sequencing (MGI-seq 2000). Results The study included a total of 30 LUADs (66 samples). The majority of tumors demonstrated intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Two hundred twenty-four mutations were detected by sequencing the 66 samples. We investigated the driver gene mutations of NSCLC patients with multiple lesions. EGFR was the most frequently (48/198) mutated driver gene. The codons in EGFR mainly affected by mutations were p.L858R (18/66 [27.3%]) and exon 19del (8/66 [12.1%]). In addition, additional driver genes were found, including TP53, BRAF, ERBB2, MET, and PIK3CA. We also found that the inter-component heterogeneity of different lesions and more than two different mutation types of EGFR were detected in seven patients with two lesions (P3, P10, P24, P25, P28, P29, and P30). The TMB values of different lesions in each patient were different in 26 patients (except P4, P5, P14, and P30). Conclusions Comprehensive genomic profiling should be applied to distinguishing the nature of multiple lung lesions irrespective of radiologic and histologic diagnoses.


The article considers the analytical approach to the spatial management of the adaptation of the enterprise economic potential in circular economy. The research is based on the dependence of economic potential management systems on its level at the enterprise. The spatial management of economic potential adaptations requires the use of a comprehensive approach to the assessment of its level. The comprehensive approach includes a combination of methods of the factor analysis, the method of principal components and correlation and the regression analysis. The authors propose summary indicators of the components of economic potential that maximally reflect the adaptation of enterprises to modern conditions of economic management. On the basis of the correlation and regression analysis the integral indicator of economic potential evaluation has been calculated, the implementation of which will allow to build an effective system of spatial management of adaptation of economic potential of the company in circular economy. The practical value of the obtained results consists in substantiation of the spatial management of adaptation of the enterprise economic potential in conditions of circular economy by means of the suggested methodology of calculation of the economic potential level.


Abstract Ground-nesting is usual among the about fifty species of dabbling ducks (genus Anas), but a few southern hemisphere species prefer arboreal sites. One such arboreal-nesting species, the South American Speckled Teal (Anas flavirostris flavirostris), is believed to have evolved from a ground-nesting ancestor, represented today by the closely related Green-winged Teal (A. carolinensis) of North America. We studied the breeding biology and behavior of Speckled Teal in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, in an attempt to identify adaptations associated with arboreal nesting. In this region, Speckled Teal prefer to nest in cavities in the stick nests of Monk Parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus). Inter- and intraspecific competition for cavities was intense. Parakeets remained near the nest site year round, aggressively defending occupied cavities and forcing teal to compete with one another for possession of abandoned cavities. Male Speckled Teal helped their mates to obtain and hold nest sites by defending sites against other pairs. Males also accompanied broods and assisted in parental care. Although courtship occurs year round and extrapair courtship by males is common, competition for mates and the need for male assistance in acquiring nest sites limits the opportunities for polygyny in this population. Site fidelity of nesting females was very high; 19 of 22 returned the following year. The prevalence of courtship on land and inclusion of Point display in the repertoire are interpreted as behavioral adaptations associated with arboreal nesting.


Aims   To assess the effect of metformin on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).


Natural rubber from Hevea brasiliensis latex consists of a high molecular weight polymer composed of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) molecules. Latex is the cytoplasmic fluid contained in the vessel tubes or laticifers which are located in the bark of the Hevea tree. As cytoplasm, latex would be expected to contain general cellular processes carried out by eukaryotic cells and more specifically, rubber biosynthesis. In this project, we are interested in building a profile of genes expressed in latex. These expressed genes or Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are obtained by sequencing random cDNA clones which represent the genes transcribed in latex. Our objective is to generate a pool of Hevea ESTs which would serve as a molecular genetics resource to facilitate various aspects of rubber research. Furthermore, an EST library will also create the way for microarray-based studies of Hevea gene expression. In this study, we report the current status of EST sequencing of clones from a latex cDNA library. (Resume d'auteur)


Does London conform to the classic American model — based on the work of the `Chicago School' — with regard to the residential segregation of ethnic groups? To address this question, methods of analysing census small area data on ethnic group residential segregation in London are introduced, which provide more detailed information on the degree and extent of segregation than the usually employed methods of mapping and calculating single indices. These indicate very little spatial segregation of ethnic minority groups in London compared with New York, which is used here to exemplify the `American model'. In both cities, however, the White majority is very substantially separated from other ethnic groups.


Take Beijing research center as an example,combined with the local standard of Beijing 《The code of rainwater control and using engineering design standand》,We made a plan about the control of reclaimed water in the green buildings,We also thought about that cut down the peak discharge of outdoor rainwater system through setting sunken green space,permeable pavement and adjustment pool in the abundant rainfall seasons,analyzed the comprehensive runoff coefficient of rainwater balance,all the following means to meet the requirements of the code.


I examine games involving private contributions to a public good and show that less of the public good will be supplied if agents move sequentially than if they move simultaneously. If the agents bid for the right to move first, the agent who values the public good least will win. If each agent chooses the rate at which he will subsidize the other agent's contributions, the subsidies that support the Lindahl allocation are the unique equilibrium outcome. I also describe two related subsidy-setting games that yield Lindahl allocations in n-person games with general utility functions. This paper will appear in the Journal of Public Economics. Several authors have examined the private provision of public goods in simultaneous-move games. The Nash equilibria in these games turn out to have several surprising and interesting properties. For details see Warr (1983), Cornes-Sandler (1986) and Bergstrom-Blume-Varian (1986). In this paper I investigate games where agents decide on their contributions to a public good sequentially. In this sort of " Stackelberg contribution game " the agent who moves first can credibly commit to his contribution in a way that is not possible in a simultaneous-move game. Admati-Perry (1991) analyze a game in which agents alternate contributions to joint project. However, in their game the project is either completed or not, and no benefits are generated from a partially completed the participants at the Michigan-Western Ontario economic theory workshop and an anonymous referee for their comments and suggestions. I also wish to thank the Santa Fe Institute for their hospitality during the period of this research.


This paper addresses the question, "How do organizations sustain alignment between organizational strategy and IT strategy over time?" We begin our investigation of this question by reviewing the literature on alignment. From this vantage point, we develop a model of sustained strategic alignment over time that integrates the two primary perspectives on alignment, alignment as an end state and alignment as a process. Our model is built upon the Dynamic Capabilities Framework, an extension of the well-known Resource-Based View of the Firm, and explains how an organization's ability to achieve a high degree of strategic alignment is an enduring competency that allows the organization to respond to the rapidly changing competitive environment. By developing a strategic alignment competency, organizations are able to sustain alignment over time. We conclude our paper by suggesting a research agenda to test our model of sustained strategic alignment and our theoretical propositions. Our paper contributes to research on strategic alignment by (1) integrating the end-state and process perspectives on alignment, (2) providing the Dynamic Capabilities Framework as a theoretical base for strategic alignment research, and (3)explaining how strategic alignment can be understood as an enduring capability that enables organizations to sustain alignment over time.


Cortical modeling is an area of research seeking to model and simulate the cerebral cortex of the brain, which is of fundamental importance to conscious thought and action. Computational power is a major challenge in this eld and the problem is inherently well-suited to SIMD architectures. This suggests the implementation of a generalpurpose GPU framework for the development and execution of cortical models, and indeed, several such frameworks do exist. However, they su er from hardware and software vendor lock-in and unnecessary assumptions that limit the generality of the models they can execute. In order to overcome these obstacles in preparation for anticipated future work by the author and others, we have implemented a new cortical modeling framework in OpenCL using PyOpenCL. The new framework has several notable advantages: it is open-source, it does not su er from hardware or software vendor lock-in, it is cross-platform compatible, and in principle it can simulate any model expressed as a message-passing architecture on a de ned graph of nodes grouped into atomically-executed regions. Further, a given model requires only a minimal amount of C code (using the industry-standard, vendor-neutral OpenCL C), with the remainder written in Python. All overhead associated with managing and executing the model is handled automatically by the framework. The user need only specify the node algorithm(s), network layout, regional execution order, and inter-node i/o de nition, which are the essential components of any cortical model. We have opted to name the new framework Phoenix . Part 1. Cortical Modeling The cerebral cortex plays a central role in perception, representation, memory, language, attention, and motor control. Indeed, it would be little exaggeration to claim that it is the location of these functions [9, 13, 23, 41, 44, 53]. Further, the structure of the cortex is largely uniform, comprised of six canonical layers organized into millions of narrow columnar structures containing a particular pattern of feedforward and feedback connections between neighboring columns and larger regions. While the relative strengths of many regional connections are not yet known electrophysiologically and regional variations in layer thickness do exist, the basic local structure and experimental evidence suggest a common algorithmic implementation with a relatively small number of speci c modi cations across the cortex [38, 9, 52, 22]. Date: December 17, 2012.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively utilize limited vehicles and persons to the max. and also to attain convenience for user. SOLUTION: The calling terminal equipment is provided with a processing means 6D transmitting a register number which makes a pair with position information stored in a control stationdevice 2 as an allocation request S2. Then, the control station device 2 specifies the position of the calling terminal equipment 6 by transmitting the register number as the allocation request S2 and a mobile station running rear a specified place is retrieved. Thus, the user can simply and quickly perform instruction for allocation of vehicle.


Charles Hatfield. Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2005. xv +182 pp. Bradford W. Wright. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America (with a new postscript). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2003. xix + 344 pp. Anne Magnussen and Hans-Christian Christiansen, eds. Comics and Culture: Analytical and Theoretical Approaches to Comics. Denmark: Museum Tusculanum, U of Copenhagen, 2000. 247 pp. Jan Baetens, ed. The Graphic Novel. Leuven: Leuven UP, 2001. Robin Varnum and Christian Gibbons, eds. The Language of Comics: Word and Image. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2001. xix +222 pp. Daniel Raeburn. Chris Ware. New Haven: Yale UP, 2004. 112 pp. Deborah Geis, ed. Considering Maus: Approaches to Art Spiegelman's "Survivor's Tale" of the Holocaust. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2003. x + 192 pp. f


4. Quoted in Pincherle, Les Violonistes, 77. grudgingly admits: "however, a man of position who undertakes to play it will not detract from himself."> It is significant that the acceptance of the violin in France is, to a great extent, due to the sonata. The sonata at this time was not a /ienre severe but was characterized by as much individualism as were those pieces which were intended for the viol 0: clave.in. The first Frenh camp .ser With Dr. Merle Montgomery during the presentation of the Award are: (1. to r.) Dr. Howard M. Van Sickle, ASTA Editor and President-Elect; James D. Shaw, Jr., Secretary; Paul Rolland, ASTA President; and Robert C. Marince, Treasurer. One of the highlights of the national convention of the American String Teachers Association at Kansas City was the presentation of a Recognition Award to the American String Teachers Association for their work in advancing the


Based on the equivalent circuit model of a two-port optical receiver front-end,the relationship between the equivalent input noise current spectral density and the noise figure is analyzed.The derived relationship has universal validity for determining the equivalent input noise current spectral density for optical receiver designs,as verified by measuring a 155Mb/s high-impedance optical receiver front-end.Good agreement between calculated and simulated results has been achieved.


Shofar ♦ An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies class construction." This then led to the conclusion that Revisionism "felt that western culture and its many political and social faces (liberalism, socialism, rationalism) turned men into slaves." Such baseless statements are interspersed throughout the chapters of the book, like, for example that "Jabotinsky's was a Nietschean world, where no objective, absolute hierarchy of values exists." The book draws a one-dimensional, static picture of the Revisionist movement, ignoring the controversies, oppositions, and internal struggles. Therefore, he views it as a movement that believes human society is driven by irrational principles, a movement that believes the symbolic dimension of life is the essence of reality (and is consequently cut off from reality). I could cite a long list of such statements, which probably originate in an a priori position and not in conclusions drawn from a well reasoned, balanced study of source material, but I will limit myself to what I have written thus far. I should add that the intellectual sources of the radical right-wing in Zionism which, the author claims, lie in the contemporary climate of European intellectual views, are only superficially described in the book. No less superficial is the description offered by the book of the model of Jewish society in a sovereign state and of the new Hebrew culture that the Revisionists thought desirable. Insights borrowed from updated and fashionable research literature, along with other historical experiences, are not necessarily an effective tool for studying a phenomenon which needs at least to be understood in its unique context. If the author had attempted to point out that within the Revisionist movement there was a radical wing, which over time exerted its influence on the path taken by the movement and on its collective mentality through a struggle with other approaches, and had explained its sources and described its principles, his book could have made a valuable contribution to an understanding of the role and function of the Revisionist movement in the history of Zionism and the State of Israel. Unfortunately, its substantive shortcomings turn it into a superficial, if not tendentious description of this central branch in the history of Zionism and Israel. Yaacov Shavit Department of Jewish History Tel Aviv University


Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) is a common medicinal preparation widely used in Ayurveda since time immemorial. The quality extraction and preparation are important for proper therapeutic outcome as well marketing strategy. Many varieties of guggulu are available in market for the treatment of different diseases. Scientific validation for extraction and therapeutic evaluation are essentially needed for viable marketing of the plant.


In a democratic country, civil society will develop and grow strongly. The state as an integration of political power, is the main organization of political power. Also, the state is a tool of society that has the power to regulate human relations in society and regulate the symptoms in society. Good governance can also be interpreted as a synergic and constructive relationship between the state, the private and the civil society. This study aims to find out and understand how is the relationship of the roles of both civil and private society in order to achieve good governance. In this research applied the civil society, state theory, the concept of good governance, and the concept of decentralization theory. The results that the relationship of the roles, both civil and private society can be seen through building democratic governance through the role of civil society, social and political participation in decentralization. Local governments in Indonesia, through a decentralized system, have enabled the rapid development of democracy. Thus, democratic governance depends on how much civic engagements are.


We show how one can twist the definition of Hochschild homology of an algebra or a DG algebra by inserting a possibly non-additive trace functor. We then prove that many of the usual properties of Hochschild homology survive such a generalization. In some cases this even includes Keller's Localization Theorem.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of sequential vacuum-sealing drainage(VSD) and free lateral thigh muscle flaps on soft tissue defects in extremities.Methods A total of 25 cases of soft tissue defects in extremities treated between June 2009 and June 2011.After careful debridement,the wound was covered with VSD according to the condition of the soft tissue defect.The VSD negative pressure membrane wag removed after 5-9 days,then the free lateral thigh muscle flaps were transferred to cover the defects.The vascular crisis of the muscle flaps were treated after transfer,and grafting skin in the late.Results All cases were followed up for 6-12 months.After treated by VSD,no obvious infection was seen in 25 patient with soft tissue defect complicated by infection,and granulation tissue surrounding tendons and bone exposure area grew well.Three muscle flaps restored blood circulation in three cases vascular crisis.The result was satisfactory,and all muscle flaps were survived.The infection was well controlled,and no fistula tract was found.Conclusions For patients with soft tissue defect complicated by underlying tissue exposure,after strict debridement,the treatment circle will be obviously shortened by the application of sequential drainage and free lateral thigh muscle flaps,and the success rate of the operation is improved.Therefore,the function of affected limbs will be recovered as far as possible.


A wavelet neural network with evolutionary programming is proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional backpropagation training algorithm, the evolutionary programming does not require gradient information and can provide a stochastic optimal search. The proposed method is used to approximate nonlinear functions and solve classification problems. Some experimental results are proposed to show the potential of the evolving wavelet neural networks.


The title compound, C 15 H 15 N 3 OS, exists in the thione form and adopts an E configuration about the hydrazine bond, which is in the Z form with respect to the thiocarbonyl bond. An O-H···N intramolecular hydrogen bond promotes planarity in part of the molecule.


First projection formuas and a general three-step projection methods that is improved by the iterative se- quences are introduced and it has been applied to the solvability of a system of nonlinear variational inequality problems in a Hilbert space.


Ivermectin produced 100% mortality in adult teneral males, mature males and fertile females of Glossina morsitans morsitans following a single meal of defibrinated pig blood containing concentrations of 0.1, 1.6 or >1.6 μg ml−1 respectively. The lethal concentration was reduced to <0.04 μg ml−1 for teneral males when fed repeatedly on treated blood. When pregnant females were fed a single blood meal containing ivermectin (0.08 μg ml−1) on the day after their first larviposition, followed by normal blood meals, no offspring were produced in the subsequent reproductive cycle but full recovery occurred thereafter. A dose dependent decline in fecundity was measured and data were subjected to Probit analysis. Thus estimates were made of ivermectin concentrations in the peripheral blood of treated animals by measuring the reduction in fecundity induced in flies fed on such blood. Indications are that with subcutaneous injections at least, amounts greatly in excess of the recommended clinical dose would be required to achieve levels lethal to feeding flies following a single blood meal. Oral treatment of a horse with twice the anthelmintic dose of ivermectin (0.4 mg kg−1) produced a maximum concentration in the blood of about 0.14 μg ml−1 within 24 h and this was adequate to reduce tsetse fecundity to zero following a single meal. Such levels in a single blood meal were also sufficient to shorten the life expectancy of teneral male flies. The half‐life of ivermectin in the horse was approximately 5–6 days with a maximum of 2.4% of ingested material entering the peripheral circulation. A cow treated with injectable ivermectin (0.2 mg kg−1) produced maximum blood levels of about 0.005 μg ml−1 after one week; this was only 0.17% of the administered dose and sufficient to reduce fecundity in female flies to 50% of normal following a single blood meal. Such levels in a single blood meal had no effect on the longevity of flies. However, at least half the maximum activity was present in the circulation between 3 and 14 days following injection. Repeated feeding on the blood of a treated animal reduced considerably the dose of ivermectin required to produce a given effect. The fecundity of female flies was reduced to zero by repeated feeding on blood taken from the horse 8 days after treatment, and even after 15 days the blood of the horse contained sufficient drug to reduce fly fecundity to 50% of normal. Thus where domestic animals constitute major hosts of tsetse, treatment with ivermectin can be expected to achieve some measure of fly population reduction.


Codeine acts in the brainstem to suppress cough, but the sites at which it acts are unknown. Because codeine suppresses abdominal expulsive activity during cough, we hypothesized that this drug could reduce expiratory pre‐motor drive mediated by neurons in the region of the caudal VRC. Parasternal and abdominal muscle electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded from 10 anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. Codeine (cumulative dose 10, 30, and 100 ug / kg) or vehicle were injected via the vertebral artery. 25–35 nl of DLH (50 mM) was pressure injected into the caudal VRC to elicit increased abdominal muscle EMG activity. In control animals, the abdominal EMG response to DLH injections was not altered by repeated intra‐arterial injections of vehicle (p < 0.28). The highest dose of codeine (100 ug/kg, ia) reduced the peak abdominal EMG activity in response to DLH microinjection by 47± 9 %, and this value was significantly different than that observed following saline injection (p < 0.01). Lower doses of codeine had no significant effect on the abdominal muscle EMG response to DLH microinjection into the caudal VRC. Codeine administration also had no significant effect on end‐tidal CO2 in these animals. These results show that intra‐arterial codeine can inhibit abdominal motor responses to DLH injected into the caudal VRC. The results are consistent with a suppressive effect of this opioid on caudal VRC pre‐motor expiratory neurons.


1
The binding of putrescine and spermidine to free 70-S ribosomes has been studied by equilibrium dialysis at 4°C in the presence of physiological concentrations of K+ and Mg2+. The number of binding sites for each polyamine is approximately 800, and the association constants for putrescine and spermidine are 80 and 500 mM−1, respectively. In the case of spermidine there is evidence that a small fraction of the sites (3–5% of the total) have an affinity for spermidine that is about 10 times higher.

2
Competition experiments suggest that the two polyamines bind at closely related sites on the ribosome.

3
The binding sites for spermidine are distributed in proportion between the two ribosomal subunits.

4
The S20, w of free 70-S ribosomes (62 S) is unaffected in the presence of physiological concentrations of the two polyamines.

5
The effect of pressure in promoting dissociation of 70-S ribosomes to subunits is reduced by putrescine and spermidine.


The obtention of gibberellic acid from the branches of the Welsh onion, as an option to the conventional gaining from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi and as an alternative to give some value to this agricultural waste was evaluated. A extract was obtained from the branches and by thin layer chromatography and by comparison with a commercial pattern, the presence of gibberellic acid was evidenced. A ultraviolet spectrophotometry revealed that the concentration of gibberellic acid correspond to a 2.70% of the dry Welsh onion.To evaluate the biological effect of the extract, three groups of peas plants were arranged, including a control, treated with the commercial pattern of the Gibberellic acid. The results showed that the onion branch extract increased the length of plant's stem in a 47%, the foliage in a 67% but had no effect on the main root's elongation compared to the control. In studies with groups of lettuce seeds, arranged in similar ways than the peas plants but with 39 individuals per group, it was found that the extract promotes the seed's germination in 28% more, compared to the control. All the biological tests performed with the onion's extract presented similar behavior to those treated with the gibberellic acid pattern, presenting no differences in the variance analysis ANOVA and Turkey test (p < 0.05). It was concluded that it is possible to obtain a crude extract with the presence of gibberellic acid from this agricultural waste.


Few studies examine the classroom behavior of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in comparison with classroom peers and which teaching formats best support classroom engagement. Observations (N = 312) of second- and fourth-grade students with ADHD and their randomly selected classroom peers were conducted using a systematic classroom observation method. Linear regressions analyzed classroom behavior compared with peers and effects of teaching format, grade, and treatment status on classroom behavior. Children with ADHD displayed lower engagement (p <.001) and higher inattention (p <.001) during teacher-led instruction compared with other teaching formats, and lower engagement in fourth grade than in second grade (p <.05). Despite treatment plans, children with ADHD present with increased classroom behavior challenges. Adapting teaching formats to benefit children with ADHD should be considered.


MR. J. DERFLER has just issued the Botaniker-Adressbuich which we announced last July., It contains 6,455 addresses of botanists, botanical gardens, institutes, societies and periodicals. A considerable number of these have been supplied by the addressees themselves and these are distinguished by an asterisk. On each continent the arrangement is by countries in alphabetic order. The names of botanists and of periodicals of that country are alphabetic in different lists while the gardens, societies and institutes, are arranged by cities. The special department of study is given in addition to the official position (if any) and postal address. Of course it is impossible to say anything as to the general accuracy of such a work. In the United States there are given approximately I,700 names. We suppose these have been largely compiled from previous directories. Probably one-third of them have no title to place in such a directory, but there are always a considerable number of people so anxious to see their names in print that it is quite impossible to keep them out. However it is better to include too many than to omit those who ought to be included. Among omissions we note in a hasty examination Dr. D. H. Campbell and W. R. Shaw of Leland Stanford Jr. University, W. J. V. Osterhout of Brown University, 0. F. Cook of Huntington, N. Y., W. L. Bray and E. B. Uline of Lake Forest University, Prof. WV. C. Stevens of University of Kansas. Among our own contributors for 1895 we note the omission of the names of Misses Mary A. Nichols, Ida Clendenin, Bessie L. Putnam, Alice E. Keener, Margaret F. Boynton, Maria L. Owen and Mr. G. H. Shull, most if not all quite as well entitled to insertion as many which appear. Doubtless there are some others. Typographical errors are rather numerous though readily explicable on the "blindness" of poor chirography in proper names. Professor Tracy of Mississippi appears also as Pracy and Mr. Scribner both as Scribner and Lamson-Scribner. "Miss Effie Southworth" still appears in the list and, curiously enough, immediately above Prof. Spalding's name, which she now bears, while Dr. Kellerman is


The History of the American Civilisation is the Story of the Rise and Collapse of the Great American Dream. When Christopher Columbus Left Palos on 3 August, 1492 with Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria he Hoped to Discover a New Sea-route to China and Japan, he Stumbled onto the Fabulous Sands of San Salvador in the Bahamas.


Collection development in the university libraries is a task of growing importance among the information professionals, because it has grown into the frame where the different functions and activities of the library get interrelated. The internal and external factors that affect this task are defined and analyzed. Finally, a questionnaire is presented that allows the implementation of a strategy that considers collection development throughout holdings acquisition, cooperative acquisition and access to online services


Harmonic distortion and load unbalances have been an important issue in the last few years, motivating a large number of studies in active power compensators used for the power network quality improvement. Following an approach similar to the one used in IEEE Std. 1459 for the non-fundamental effective apparent power, a new resolution of the unbalance power is presented in this paper. The proposed power magnitudes allow explanation of the results obtained when shunt active power compensators are used in customer installations to improve the power quality. Related to the new unbalance power resolution, new merit factors are introduced in this paper to provide a measure of the quality level in the installation. Simulated and experimental results are analyzed in the paper by using the proposed resolution.


Despite significant advances in the treatment of congenital malformations in newborns, there is still a fairly high mortality rate in the group of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. This fact is associated with the high incidence of concomitant pulmonary hypertension in newborns with lung hypoplasia due to compression by organs that have invaded the chest cavity [1]. In the early 2000s, the mortality rate in congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborns was approximately 30%. With the introduction of delayed surgery tactics in recent years, survival has improved in the group of infants with hypertension in the pulmonary circulation. The main decisive moments for stabilizing a newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and reducing the degree of pulmonary hypertension are the early transfer of the patient to machine breathing in high-frequency ventilation mode, adherence to the temperature regime, minimization of invasive procedures, and the inclusion of nitric oxide in the breathing mixture as a respiratory vasodilator. The incidence of diaphragmatic hernias varies widely — from 1 in 2000 to 1 in 4000 newborns; this does not take into account a large group of stillborns with diaphragm malformations [2].


The invention discloses a method for preparing a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose polyelectrolyte composite separating membrane. The method comprises the following steps of: dissolving anion polyelectrolyte sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cation polyelectrolyte polyallylamine, polydimethyl diene allylamine, polythene amine, polymethacyloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium polyvinyl pyridine and cation cellulose in water to prepare polyelectrolyte solution after vacuum drying and adding hydrochloric acid into the solution; adding the cation polyelectrolyte solution dropwise in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution to produce sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/cation polyelectrolyte composite and vacuum drying the composite; adding an alkaline reagent in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/cation polyelectrolyte composite to completely dissolving the composite, standing the composite dissolved in the alkaline reagent and preparing casting solution after defoaming the composite; and uniformly scraping the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/cation polyelectrolyte composite casting solution on a polyacrylonitrile porous membrane by a membrane-scraping knife to obtain the composite separating membrane. The method is low in raw material cost, simple and suitable for popularization.


Fed‐batch Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture is the most commonly used process for IgG production in the biopharmaceutical industry. Amino acid and glucose consumption, cell growth, metabolism, antibody titer, and N‐glycosylation patterns are always the major concerns during upstream process optimization, especially media optimization. Gaining knowledge on their interrelations could provide insight for obtaining higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and better controlling glycosylation‐related product quality. In this work, different fed‐batch processes with two chemically defined proprietary media and feeds were studied using two IgG‐producing cell lines. Our results indicate that the balance of glucose and amino acid concentration in the culture is important for cell growth, IgG titer and N‐glycosylation. Accordingly, the ideal fate of glucose and amino acids in the culture could be mainly towards energy and recombinant product, respectively. Accumulation of by‐products such as NH4+ and lactate as a consequence of unbalanced nutrient supply to cell activities inhibits cell growth. The levels of Leu and Arg in the culture, which relate to cell growth and IgG productivity, need to be well controlled. Amino acids with the highest consumption rates correlate with the most abundant amino acids present in the produced IgG, and thus require sufficient availability during culture. Case‐by‐case analysis is necessary for understanding the effect of media and process optimization on glycosylation. We found that in certain cases the presence of Man5 glycan can be linked to limitation of UDP‐GlcNAc biosynthesis as a result of insufficient extracellular Gln. However, under different culture conditions, high Man5 levels can also result from low α‐1,3‐mannosyl‐glycoprotein 2‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnTI) and UDP‐GlcNAc transporter activities, which may be attributed to high level of NH4+ in the cell culture. Furthermore, galactosylation of the mAb Fc glycans was found to be limited by UDP‐Gal biosynthesis, which was observed to be both cell line and cultivation condition‐dependent. Extracellular glucose and glutamine concentrations and uptake rates were positively correlated with intracellular UDP‐Gal availability. All these findings are important for optimization of fed‐batch culture for improving IgG production and directing glycosylation quality. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 521–535. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The biological cycle of female ticks of Amblyomma cooperi was studied under controlled conditions. The study has begun with two engorged females collected in a naturally infested wild capybara. The larvae originated from the oviposition of these two females were used for collecting young adults through artificial infestations in rabbits. The female parasitic and free living phases were evaluated using artificial infestation of ticks in a capybara. The average body weight of females was 958.2± 175.6mg, the average pre-egg laying period was 8.5± 1.4 days, the reproductive efficiency index was 59.5± 4.2 and the nutritional efficiency index was 77.3± 4.8. The incubation and eclosion periods were 41.9 and 5.9 days, respectively, and the rate of eclosion was 64%. These figures were obtained under high relative humidity conditions which were necessary for the success of the egg incubation process of this species. The preliminary data obtained with the artificial infestation in rabbits raises the possibility of this and other domestic species be used as an epidemiologic link between the domestic and the wild environment with the potential exposure of human populations to A. cooperi and to the maculosa fever agent.


Abstract : The Active Army, Army Reserve, and Army National Guard have been conducting environmental compliance assessments since the late l98Os under the Environmental Compliance Assessment System (ECAS). No analysis of the data generated to date had been done until the project reported here. This report summarizes the methodology used for an analysis of the data and the result of that analysis. The objectives of this effort were to review the available Army environmental compliance assessment data to identify: Trends in environmental noncompliance. Whether or not the Army is resolving issues of noncompliance overtime, True problem areas versus perceived problem areas Potential areas for research focus.


This essay aims to reflect on the History of Brazilian Economic Thought (HPEB), exploring the trajectory of a particular economy laggard, backward, underdeveloped, peripheral, dependent and engaged in a capitalism of the central economies. We start with the idea that to reconstruct the history of theoretical production of a country, a region or a civilization it is necessary to practice a double movement: the economic, social history and the history of ideas. In this sense, the work identifies, albeit in embryonic form, influences of matrices of thought of central economies in the theories developed by our thinkers, through conceptual readings, adaptations and creation of new theoretical concepts. The study also notes HPEB specific object, as its plural and interdisciplinary, in addition to a trend intrinsically linked to politics and political institutions, such as with the history of brazilian capitalism.


Abstract Objective Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are increasingly used by adolescents. The aim of this review is to investigate the evidence regarding COCs' influence on weight, height and bone mineral density (BMD) in girls younger than 18 years. Method Systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline and Scopus (January 1990–February 2012) on COCs for girls under 18 years of age and the possible influence on body parameters. MeSH terms: Oral contraception; Adolescent; Weight; Body composition; Height; Bone mineral density. Results There is no evidence that COCs induce weight gain in girls younger than 18 years. Obese girls are not at higher risk of gaining weight. COCs do not cause changes in body fat and lean mass beyond the changes caused by natural development. Moreover, growth and stature are unaffected. Few studies indicate that COCs have a negative impact on BMD, but the evidence is presently too limited for definite conclusions. Conclusion Studies in young users are few. Presently, there are no indications of a negative impact of COCs on weight, body composition or height. Lesser increases in BMD cannot be excluded. As the demand for COCs is increasing among the youngest girls, there is a need for prospective studies addressing this issue.


A program system called "Takt", which has been developed at the department of traffic flow science (TU Dresden), is used, firstly, for working out admissible paths for fixed-headway passenger and freight services on rail-based forms of transport and, secondly, for optimizing them. It can, however, happen that the attempt to generate a permissible timetable for the whole of the railway network considered fails, because it is impossible to resolve the system of restrictions imposed (for instance the times specified for trains to be on the move and to stop and the minimum headway defined between them). This makes it necessary to insert a further phase of local conflict resolution to arrive, after all, at a result that is permissible for the whole network.


We study the square-lattice XY model in the presence of random phase shifts. We consider two different disorder distributions with zero average shift and investigate the low-temperature quasi-long-range order phase which occurs for sufficiently low disorder. By means of Monte Carlo simulations we determine several universal quantities, which are then compared with the analytic predictions of the random spin-wave theory. We observe a very good agreement which indicates that the universal long-distance behaviour in the whole low-disorder low-temperature phase is fully described by the random spin-wave theory.


A thorough family history and relevant investigation program are essential to settle accurate diagnosis when clinical presentation is atypical or with a mixed picture.


A physiologically-based method of birth control is described and exp erience with the method in 42 women over a period of 3 years is reported . Small doses of isopregnenone a retroprogesterone are prescribed during the postovulatory period to compensate for possible luteal progesterone insufficiency which might result in paracyclic ovulation. Ovulation was determined by the basal temperature method. Sexual relations are limited to the postovulatory and menstrual periods of each cycle about 8-10 days. No pregnancy was seen in the group. No side effects were observed; but the menstrual cycle was regularized in several cases.


This paper introduces the contents,features and retrieval functions of the periodical database of CHKD,and expounds its functions in hospital clinic,scientific research,teaching and hospital management.


This work was proposed to establish a correlative model to discuss the importance of other variables in the investigation of the quality of life. Once the relationship between the factors derived from the literature review were specified, a crosssectional study was carried out with a nonrandom sample of 245 students. When the validity and reliability of the instrument measured was obtained: life satisfaction, expected capacities, expectations of opportunity, trust relationships, perceptions of fairness, valuing the environment, rules of context and perceived resources, a structural model was contrasted [X2 = 12,35 (12 gl) p = 0.000; GFI = 0.975; RMR = 0.000] in which the perceived availability of resources indirectly correlated to life satisfaction through context rules (γ = 0.52). The results were compared with the findings reported in the state of knowledge.


Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology aims for high data rate transmission in the order of several hundreds of Mbps. LTE standard delivers variety of Quality of Service (QoS) options, which enable to provide multiple services to the User Equipment (UE). Small cells are the miniature version of base stations, which are being deployed in public and private areas to provide uninterrupted connectivity to the UEs. In such deployment scenarios, the major requirement is to prioritize the users in Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) for providing the better QoS. The scheduler allocates the Resource Blocks (RB) to the selected UEs based on their QoS requirements. A novel scheduling algorithm is proposed in this paper for prioritizing CSG users having Non-Guaranteed Bit Rate (N-GBR) bearers to have better data rate connectivity. In the proposed scheme, the logic for selection of UEs in a TTI and allocation of RBs are varied based on the CSG weight index. Real time results reveal that the proposed scheme provides the significant performance gain in terms of fairness among CSG users for different channel conditions.


The microalgae have the ability to use CO2 as carbon source and, together with the solar energy, to biosynthesize various components, generating O2. They have a huge potential in various industrial applications such as the production of therapeutic and industrial metabolites, biofuels and environmental applications. The aim of this paper is to control the photosynthetic growth of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in a continuous torus shape photobioreactor. The control strategy was to maintain the biomass concentration constant into the photobioreactor using the dilution rate as control variable. The main disturbance was the incident light flux. Two control laws were designed and analyzed in simulation, to wit a linear control algorithm and a nonlinear one. The linear controller was synthesized in a PI structure which was further tested in simulation at variable setpoints and incident light fluxes. The nonlinear controller was conceived in order to minimize the inconveniences encountered at the PI controller. The simulation conditions were identical for both controller types.


School spirit is the soul and condensation of the moral culture of a school.The paper analyses the school spirit of Chengde Petroleum College from four dimensions,and discusses in detail the connotation of the school spirit of "strict,careful,true,and innovative".


A novel QR-RLS constant modulus algorithm called QR-RLS-CMA is proposed. Its potential advantages include numerical stability, computational efficiency and a fast convergence rate. Simulations are performed to compare the convergence performance and the blind extracting ability of the proposed QR-RLS-CMA to the conventional SGD-CMA for adaptive CMA array. Results indicate that the QR-RLS-CMA has a much faster convergence rate than the SGD-CMA in the initial convergence phase. It illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Interaction of photon (γ) with scalar (φ), through dimension-5 operators originates in many physical situations, ranging from medium energy nuclear physics to models for unification of forces. In nuclear physics, a composite scalar meson field (σ alias f0, J P = 0) interacts with two photons through loop effects. In the field theoretic models, the scalar (termed φ) appear in theories where the classical scale invariance is broken through quantum effects as a compensator and is termed as dilaton. In the unified theories of electromagnetism and gravity they appear [1]. In extended supergravity models, they appear as the scalar component of the gravitational graviton multiplet [2, 3]. The interaction term has an universal feature, 1 4M φF Fμν , where, M = 1 gφγγ , is the symmetry breaking scale, that varies from theory to theory. The scalar φ considered here, belongs to the class of field theoretic models, because of their possible role in solving dark matter dark energy problems [4]. As a scalar, φ would couple to all matter fields [5] generating a detectable finite range force. However, the experiments [6], dedicated for this purpose had put an upper bound on its range that in turn provides a lower bound on it's mass, i.e., 10 eV; the upper limit however is yet to be fixed. In this work we outline a possible way to estimate scalar field mass m and coupling strength gφγγ through detection of polarization signatures from the high energy (MeV sub GeV range) electromagnetic signals com-


For a field in production, matching reservoir models against production history gives some confidence for future reservoir predictions but offers no guarantees. In this paper we show how a 3-dimensional numerical earth model, built using an integrated approach, can be used to provide at no extra cost a further check that your reservoir model is realistic. This extra check can be made by performing seismic modelling from reservoir simulation results using the detailed 3- dimensional numerical earth model built using the IRMA approach.


The women's liberation campaign is closely liked to the women education in Tianjin at the turn of the Qing dynasty and Republic of China.Educated in schools with the ideas of patriotism,anti-feudalism,human equality,and liberation,the women have developed their awareness and devoted to the campaign.Thus their education plays a key role.


Introduction: Stroke is the one of the common health problems world-wide causing significant morbidity and mortality. Various scales are framed and validated for use in stroke trials and clinical use. Most widely used scale for stroke assessment is NIHSS scale but this scale is infrequently used in routine clinical practice. This is because of various limitations like poor representation of posterior circulation deficit and predominant motor and language representation and poor representation of fine motor & cognition deficits in this scale. Objective: Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to formulate a daily monitoring scale which can objectively assess and prognosticate stroke patients. Present study aims to incorporate daily examined parameters in one instrument to develop a routinely useful tool for neurologist and physician which can be simple, fast, reliable, and reproducible. Method: We will include GCS score, brainstem reflexes, gaze, speech, distal and proximal motor power, inattention, ataxia, sensory deficits and gait examination parameters in proposed scale. After initial pilot study (15 patients), we will include developmental cohort (400 patients) and validation cohort (60 patients) to formulate and validate this study. Outcome measures will be 30 Study Protocol Aradhey et al.; JPRI, 33(39A): 175-180, 2021; Article no.JPRI.71260 176 day mortality and morbidity assessed at day 30 and 90 with modified Rankin score and Barthel index. Total patients included will be 460 patients with follow up for 3 months Results: It is expected to develop simple, reliable, and reproducible scale for monitoring of acute


The effect of gamma irradiation on the physicochemical properties of chicken meat and its sensory quality were investigated during 41 days of storage at 3 to following irradiation of 5 to 10 kGy. Immediately after irradiation, the water holding capacity of chicken meat decreased slightly with the increase of irradiation dose, whereas during storage, the water holding capacity of irradiated groups was superior to that of the nonirradiated ones. With increasing the irradiation dose and storage time, the TBA values of irradiated groups were higher than those of nonirradiated ones. The volatile basic nitrogen content of nonirradiated group markedly increased over 20mg% by microbial spoilage from the 10th day of storage, however, the irradiated groups of over 8 kGy showed only the 16 to 18mg% until 41 days of storage. The irradiated groups had a slight irradiation-odour that dissipated during up to 3 days of storage, and also they showed a slight pink discoloration in the carcasses and this tendency was much more pronounced with increasing irradiation dose. The nonirradiated group gave off an off-odour due to the spoilage around 5 to 7 days of storage and showed a change in meat appearance, while the irradiated groups of over 5 kGy maintained a fresh state during the 25 to 30 days of storage.


The utility model relates to a full-automatic hot-sealing membrane device for high-flux nucleic acid detection automation equipment. The full-automatic hot-sealing membrane device comprises a shell, wherein an automatic conveying mechanism is arranged in the shell, a thermo-compression mechanism is arranged above the automatic conveying mechanism, and the automatic conveying mechanism conveys a reaction plate under the thermo-compression mechanism and the thermo-compression mechanism compresses and cuts the reaction plate. With the adoption of the technical scheme, the full-automatic hot-sealing membrane device adopts the automatic conveying mechanism to convey the reaction plate to a set position and the thermo-compression mechanism to compress an aluminum foil on the reaction plate and cut, the whole process is operated automatically, the operation is simple and the efficiency is high.


Software-based network functions (NFs) have seen growing interest. Increasingly complex functionality is achieved by having multiple functions chained together to support the required network-resident services. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) platforms need to scale and achieve high performance, potentially utilizing multiple hosts in a cluster. Efficient data movement is crucial, a cornerstone of kernel bypass. Moving packet data involves delivering the packet from the network interface to an NF, moving it across functions on the same host, and finally across yet another network to NFs running on other hosts in a cluster/data center. In this paper we measure the performance characteristics of different approaches for moving data at each of these levels. We also introduce a new high performance inter-host interconnect using InfiniBand. We evaluate the performance of Open vSwitch and the Open Net VM NFV platform, considering a simple forwarding function and Snort, a popular intrusion detection system.


In the article, in order to solve various design problems of the hydraulic engineering and reclamation class, taking into account the conditions of functional operation of soft floating structures as water intake structures, the main aspects of the development of protective devices for irrigation water are formulated. As a result of the conducted research, based on the experience of designing water intake structures with water treatment systems, a specialized algorithm for solving problems of creating constructive and technological developments  for reclamation water intakes in the water management complex was developed. The obtained results of the design and inventive tasks for a soft surfaced structure used as a water intake structure make it possible to select the estimated irrigation water costs (Q, m?/s) in the required quality and quantity and ensure the environmental safety of the reclamation system. In order to solve the tasks of ensuring the environmental safety of the reclamation system, the entire complex of structural structures, protective devices and technological equipment included in the water management complex was divided into three interconnected structural and technological schemes as part of a specialized type of natural-technical system "Water object – Water intake structures – Meliorative system". Soft surfaced biopositive structures of a water intake structure as part of a reclamation system have been developed, in which the main protective agent is the first proposed by the author for the purification of irrigation water – a ruff filtrating load, which is an environmentally safe means of protecting the reclamation system from mechanical and biological contamination. An economic and mathematical model of a specialized type of natural-technical system "Water object – Water intake structures – Meliorative system"is presented, which represents the final stage of ensuring environmental safety of reclamation water intake, which is the main factor in increasing soil fertility and, accordingly, economic efficiency in the whole agricultural complex.


It is known that the compost plays an affective role in enhancing soil fertility,consequently, plant growth and crops yield, so it is very important to the farmers to get compost has agood quality and distinguished properties. Therefore this study was carried out to investigate the effectof the amount of the oxygen (air) required to convert one Kg of lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes and turnipplant straw into compost. It was found that there is a relationship between the amount of oxygen andthe weight of organic matter which refers to using the amount of O2 as an indicator to the good qualityof manufactured compost. In this study, carbon ratio and hydrogen ratio in straw of lettuce, tomato,potato and turnip vegetables and the amount of oxygen (air) required to convert one kilogram of strawinto compost was measured. The most important results were that the greater the amount of oxygenused in the fermentation of raw materials, the greater the amount of organic matter, consequentlyincreasing the quality of compost. The amount of oxygen used in the fermentation of raw materialswas high for the potato fodder (6.20 kg) and the amount of organic matter (813 g) while the amount ofoxygen required was less in the leaves of the Lettuce plant (4.69 kg) and organic matter (670 g).Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the amount of oxygen required to obtain good compost byknowing the amount of air that is needed to oxidize the organic waste, which is consists all mostlyfrom the hydrocarbon chain (carbon and hydrogen).


1. Disorders of Cornification 2. Genodermatoses with Malignant Potential 3. Bullous Disorders 4. Pigmentary Disorders 5. Disorders of Epidermal Appendages 6. Disorders of the Dermis 7. Other Hereditary Disorders with Skin Manifestations 8. Glossary


Abstract Despite emerging scholarship on translanguaging pedagogies and the potential Faculty Learning Communities (FLC) have on shifting pedagogical beliefs, there are limited studies that explore the impact a faculty learning community has on educators' perceptions and reflections on translanguaging as a teaching and learning tool in higher education. The authors explore educators' perceptions and enactment of translanguaging practices across disciplines in the context of a FLC on translingual community-engaged pedagogies. Through semi-structured interviews and written reflections, the authors used thematic analysis to investigate how the FLC impacted faculty participants' critical reflection on their practice from the perspective of translanguaging as a pedagogical tool. While faculty participants questioned the implementation of translanguaging pedagogies, they acknowledged students' language experiences as they grappled with linguistically inclusive approaches to teaching and learning. Teaching and research implications for embracing translanguaging pedagogies across academic disciplines are identified.


The present invention discloses a method and device for disk information display belongs to the field of computer technology. Applied to the disk array, said disk array including a plurality of disks, the method comprising: obtaining information of the plurality of disks in the disk, the disk includes at least parameter information and the number of disks using a disk bad sectors; based on the plurality of disks number of bad sectors in the disk, determining the health of the plurality of disks; displaying the health of the plurality of disks and a plurality of disks of the disk information. The present invention, by arranging the display in a disk array, the disk array a plurality of disks in the disk information is displayed on the display screen so that the user can intuitively and accurately informed of the operating state of the disk, to improve the accuracy and safety of disk management, effectively avoids operational errors caused by business interruption and loss of data.


Some 30 real-life English into Korean simultaneous interpretation were analyzed to examine whether English into Korean interpreters attempt to utilize the SL pauses for their TL production as was proven by previous studies. Interpreters were shown to be involved in more complex cognitive processing than speakers in that the average length of pauses left by interpreters was statistically longer than that of speakers(p = 0.000). The fact that average length of between-sentence pauses was longer than that of within-sentence pauses, both for interpreters and speakers (p = 0.000), appears to mean that longer pauses are necessary for planning of a new utterance. Accuracy of SI showed positive correlations with the number of within-sentence SL pauses (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), with the average length of SL pauses in interpreters' listening alone portion (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), and with the number of SL pauses in interpreters' listening and speaking portion (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). A "pause distribution index", calculated from the 30 samples, was 1.46 showing that 46% more SL pauses were located in interpreters' listening and speaking portion than in interpreters' listening alone portion.


Initiator polymer having an initiator group and the ligand group is provided. Initiator polymer can specifically bind to receptors on the surface. Using macromers based, the initiator polymer is useful for the polymer matrix formation on the material surface. In particular, it has a specificity for pancreatic β cells, initiator polymer that can be used to encapsulate cells are provided for implantation and treatment of diabetes.


The immunocompetence of six infants with the clinical form of Letterer‐Siwe disease and seven older children in various phases of histiocytosis was evaluated. In most of the patients, delayed hypersensitivity, lymphocyte blastogenesis to mitogens and allogeneic cells, bactericidal killing, and leukocyte nitroblue tetrozolium dye reduction were found to be within normal limits. One patient with the infantile form of histiocytosis and one older child could not be sensitized to DNFB. The lymphocytes from two infants were hyporeactive to mitogeninduced stimulation. This reverted to normal after chemotherapy was instituted. Decreased immunoglobulin levels were found in two infants. Several patients exhibited elevated immunoglobulin levels. In general, the immunologic abnormalities improved following chemotherapy. No evidence of a combined immunodeficiency disorder was found in either group of patients. It is felt that the immunologic abnormalities which were found were either secondary to malignant cell replacement rather than an underlying cause of the disease.


The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) aims to demonstrate the transverse cooling of muons for a future Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider. The diffuser is an integral part of the MICE beamline. It aims to inflate the emittance of the incoming beam such that cooling can later be measured in MICE. A new diffuser design is in development at Oxford, consisting of a sequence of high density scatterers of variable radiation lengths. Simulations hav e been carried out in order to understand fully the physics processes involved with the new diffuser design and to enable a proper matching of the beam to the MICE cooling channel.


Exposure therapy is a set of psychological treatment procedures designed to reduce pathological fear in individuals with anxiety problems. This entry provides an overview of the history, goals, implementation, and uses of exposure-based therapies, along with a discussion of the empirical evidence regarding their effectiveness and efficacy. The entry also discusses the use of exposure-based therapies for specific anxiety disorders.

Keywords:

anxiety disorders;
fear;
phobia;
anxiety;
systematic desensitization;
behavior therapy