At this time the development of technology that forces everything must move fast, the efficiency of time becomes a measure of the success of a distribution or production. the continuity of production and the success of production itself is related to distribution. When the distribution fails, production will fail. Indonesian people especially in North Sumatra often consume snacks when free time and snacks are the most consumed food by the Indonesian population until now the production of snacks in Indonesia rose to 50% in 2019, causing the food production to have a concept in timely distribution without experiencing delays in distributing goods that have been produced. One of the expeditions in Indonesia experienced problems in terms of late distribution of goods up to 15-20%, this would have a bad impact on the industry in the future, so to overcome the problems above the application of the ant colony optimization algorithm can help the above problems by placing 4 ants and the ants will spread from point A to point H. In the results of this study, there are 4 ants that move together where the best results are obtained by ant 2, closest to the point H, where the value obtained reaches 0,00015


Grain boundary (GB) migration is widely believed to maintain a linear relation between its displacement and time under a constant driving force. In this study, we investigated the migration behaviors of a set of GBs in Ni by applying the synthetic driving force and shear stress via atomistic simulations. It was found that the displacements of some shear-coupling GBs do not exhibit a linear or approximately linear relation with the time, as widely assumed, but evidently exhibit an acceleration tendency. Moreover, the boundary velocity significantly decreases when increasing the bicrystal size perpendicular to the GB plane. These behaviors were verified to be independent of the magnitude and type of driving force but closely related to the temperature and revealed to be unique to shear-coupling GBs exhibiting a rise in the kinetic energy component along the shear direction. Moreover, after many attempts, we found that the acceleration in migration and size effect can be largely alleviated by adopting one specific kind of boundary condition. Nevertheless, the continuous rise of kinetic energy still exists and leads to the true driving force for GB migration lower than the nominally applied value. For that reason, a technique is proposed to extract the true driving force based on a quantitative analysis of the work-energy relation in the bicrystal system. Accordingly, the calculated true mobility shows that the recently proposed mobility tensor may not be symmetric at relatively large driving forces.


The spectroscopic and microscopic characteristics of skin tissue autofluorescence emission were studied using a combined fluorescence and reflectance spectroanalyzer and a fiber optic microspectrophotometer. The autofluorescence spectra of in vivo human skin were measured over a wide excitation wavelength range (350 nm - 470 nm). The excitation emission matrices (EEMs) of in vivo skin were obtained. An excitation-emission maximum pair (380 nm, 470 nm) was identified. It was revealed that the most probable energy of skin autofluorescence emission photons increases linearly with increasing excitation photon energy. It was demonstrated that the diffuse reflectance R can be used as a first order approximation of the fluorescence distortion factor f to correct the measured in vivo autofluorescence spectra for the effect of tissue reabsorption and scattering. The microscopic in vitro autofluorescence properties of excised skin tissue sections were examined using 442 nm He-Cd laser light excitation as an example. It was found that the fluorophore distribution inside the skin tissue is not uniform and the shapes of the autofluorescence spectra of different anatomical skin layers vary. Using the obtained in vitro microscopic data, published skin optical parameters, and Monte Carlo simulation, the in vivo fluorescence emission spectrum was reconstructed and compared with the measurement results.


BACKGROUND:&agr;2-Adrenoceptor agonists are used frequently in human and veterinary anesthesia as sedative/analgesic drugs. However, they can impair cognition. Little is known about the concentration-dependent effects of &agr;2-adrenoceptor agonists on synaptic plasticity, the neurophysiological basis of learning and memory. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of medetomidine, an &agr;2-adrenoceptor agonist, on basal excitatory synaptic transmission and on 2 forms of synaptic plasticity: paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation (LTP). METHODS:Evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded in Schaffer fibers-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses of mouse hippocampal slices, and the initial field excitatory postsynaptic potentials slope was measured. For basal synaptic transmission and PPF, increasing concentrations of medetomidine (1–200 &mgr;M) were applied to each slice. For LTP experiments, individual slices were used for each tested concentration of medetomidine (0.1–0.4 &mgr;M), where LTP induction and LTP maintenance were measured. RESULTS:The lower tested concentrations of medetomidine decreased LTP in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas greater concentrations were required to decrease fiber volley amplitude and basal excitatory synaptic transmission. PPF was only affected by the greatest concentration (200 &mgr;M). CONCLUSIONS:Medetomidine decreased LTP in the mouse hippocampus, in accordance with the ability of medetomidine to induce memory deficits.


The authors describe some statistical methods used in event history analysis, and some possible applications to historical demographic data. An example is given using data on neonatal mortality in Venice from 1850 to 1868. Several relevant statistical packages are briefly described.


20 Leg stiffness is an important performance determinant in several sporting activities. This study 21 evaluated the criterion-related validity and reliability of two field-based leg stiffness devices, 22 Optojump Next® and Myotest Pro® in different testing approaches. Thirty-four males 23 performed, on two separate sessions, three trials of 7 maximal hops, synchronously recorded 24 from a force platform (FP), Optojump and Myotest. Validity (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r; 25 relative mean bias; 95% limits of agreement, 95%LoA) and reliability (coefficient of variation, 26 CV; intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC; standard error of measurement, SEM) were calculated 27 for first attempt, maximal attempt, and average across three trials. For all three methods, 28 Optojump correlated highly to the FP (range r = 0.98-0.99) with small bias (range 0.91-0.92, 29 95%LoA 0.86-0.98). Myotest demonstrated high correlation to FP (range r = 0.81-0.86) with 30 larger bias (range 1.92-1.93, 95%LoA 1.63-2.23). Optojump yielded a low CV (range 5.9%31 6.8%), high ICC (range 0.82-0.86) and SEM ranging 1.8-2.1 kN/m. Myotest had a larger CV 32 (range 8.9%-13.0%), moderate ICC (range 0.64-0.79) and SEM ranging from 6.3-8.9 kN/m. The 33 findings present important information for these devices and support the use of a time efficient 34 single trial to assess leg stiffness in the field. 35 36


denominator meaning for "Old Testament Concepts" that prescinds from a given audience? There is a second distraction. W. writes movingly and reflectively at times on thoughts that have certainly been suggested to him by the OT or have at least had their starting point in the OT: "Early Christianity showed theological wisdom in decreeing that the first day of the week was to be the day of rest instead of the seventh. For liberated man, man who is the receiver of God's gifts, the week does not end with the day of rest, it begins with it. The working days can then take oil rather more of the character of play—even the character of protest agaihfct the principle of judging performance by results and against the demand for those results" (p. 138). If that is honest enough, presented simply as a reflection Without sober effort to found the reflection too deeply in Scripture, the passage that follows is distressing. We are told that God rested on the seventh day, that He "took breath," which meant that He had to rest because He was exhausted and that this exhaustion is understandable only in the tetelestai, "it is finished," of Jn 19:30. But the pluses are considerable. The twenty-five themes cite great amounts of text, often in sprightly translation. W.'s treatment of the OT's views of human sexuality is extremely well done, though some may disagree with his finding of a dynamic in the OT leading "towards a monogamous marriage as a legal institution" (p. 170). The rich bibliography is up to date, with citations from periodical literature into 1973. The bibliography is easy to use. The material is scrupulously footnoted, insight by insight, with references to the comprehensive bibliography at the end of the work. The works cited are largely German and Dutch, but English versions are also cited where available. There is a complete index of Hebrew words cited, a brief subject index, no author index at all—this last probably understandable in light of the enormous use of secondary material and the comprehensive bibliography. The translation is graceful and flowing.


OBJECTIVE To introduce the application of reduction-sensitive polymeric micelles in the field of tumor targeting drug delivery. METHODS In the past decades,tumor targeted drug delivery systems have become important research area because they promise to resolve several key therapeutical issues including low treatment efficacy and significant side effects. On the basis of published literatures,the recent developments in reduction-sensitive polymeric micelles used for tumor targeting drug delivery were reviewed,with an emphasis on their structure characteristics as well as their biomedical applications from the cellular level and animal level,respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION As a novel intelligent drug delivery system,reduction-sensitive polymeric micelles can effectively control drug release with low side effects and high therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo. It has great potential in tumor targeting drug delivery.


The development of technology and the demand for energy are increasing day by day. The limited fossil fuels encourage the search for alternative energy sources. The use of renewable energy sources has an important place in meeting the increasing energy demand. Solar energy technologies are being used frequently today. Solar tracking systems are on the agenda in obtaining power from solar energy with high efficiency. In this study, solar tracking systems are designed as biaxial. Solar panels have the same technical features. Three different types of sensors are placed on the solar panels. The performances of the sensor types against the same type of energy production have been compared. The voltage and current values of the system were measured in fixed and mobile positions at regular intervals. According to the data obtained, when the total productions of solar panels in fixed and mobile position are compared; There was an increase of %36.68 in the LilyPad Light Sensor system, %38.42 in the SMD Sensor system and %43.58 in the system with LDR.


See related article, pages 543–553

> For never-resting time leads summer on
>
> To hideous winter and confounds him there.
>
> William Shakespeare, Sonnet 5
The term "pulmonary hypertension" (PH) is a simple and arguably simplistic acknowledgement that the mean resting pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) is greater than 25 mm Hg. It does not define pathophysiology or direct therapy and does not predict prognosis. More clinically useful is the World Health Organization classification system, which acknowledges 5 PH groups, each somewhat homogenous in terms of pathophysiology, lung histology, and prognosis.1 Group 1 PH is a collection of syndromes characterized by marked pulmonary arterial obstruction, including patients with idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension, connective tissue diseases, congenital heart diseases, or hemoglobinopathies. Group 2 PH is associated with left heart disease (valvular and ventricular). Group 3 PH (cor pulmonale), relevant to this Editorial, is associated with lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and with chronic hypoxia. Groups 4 and 5 PH are associated with chronic thromboembolic disease or miscellaneous systemic conditions, such as sarcoidosis, respectively. PH-specific therapies (L-type calcium channel blockers, prostanoids, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and endothelin antagonists) are approved only for use in group 1 PH. Because groups 2 and 3 PH are much more prevalent than group 1 PH, there is value in understanding their pathophysiology in hopes of developing rational therapies. Group 3 PH portends poor prognosis in COPD; however, it is uncertain whether agents that reverse this PH (which is usually modest in severity) improve prognosis.2,3

From animal models (rodents exposed to chronic hypoxia) and humans, we have learned that group 3 PH is due to a combination of pulmonary vasoconstriction and obstructive vascular remodeling caused by a shift in the balance of proliferation to apoptosis in smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and fibroblasts to favor proliferation. Histologically, …


This paper discusses an empirical study on equalization level of basic public service in China from both regional and urban-rural dimensions, applying bivariate decomposition of Theil Indexes. This paper investigates that there is an improving tendency on the equalization level of Chinese basic public service in recent years, but the inequality, between regional or urban-rural, is different. By comparison, the inequality level of basic public service between urban-rural is more serious. The equalization level of basic public service between urban-rural in eastern region is higher than central and western region, and the equalization level of basic public service among regions in urban area is higher than rural area. Analysis showed that the realization of basic public services equalization is restricted from fiscal ability and preference of government. All the investigation demonstrates an orientation how fiscal policy should be used.


The quest for methodologies which allows the quantification of low amounts of analytes in complicated matrices, the improvement in efficiency and reduction of costs have been a real challenge in the last years. In this sense, the preparation of novel materials in separation and sample preparation have been widely developed. Particularly, the appearance of porous organic polymers in the latest 80s and its more recently combination with other materials from different nature have offer a perfect opportunity to overcome the limitation of conventional silica particles. In this manuscript, a short state-of-the art combined with a viewpoint of the porous organic polymer composites and the possible direction that should be taken in the near future have been considered.


This paper focuses on the periodic Cauchy problem of a model equation for shallow water waves of moderate amplitude (Constantin-Lannes equation). Two suitable sequences of Constantin-Lannes solutions which are bounded in Hs(T) with s > 3/2 and the interval converge to zero at the initial time are constructed, but the lower-bound of distance between the two sequences is a positive constant at any time t. This implies that the solution map of the Constantin-Lannes equation is not uniformly continuous in Sobolev spaces Hs(T).This paper focuses on the periodic Cauchy problem of a model equation for shallow water waves of moderate amplitude (Constantin-Lannes equation). Two suitable sequences of Constantin-Lannes solutions which are bounded in Hs(T) with s > 3/2 and the interval converge to zero at the initial time are constructed, but the lower-bound of distance between the two sequences is a positive constant at any time t. This implies that the solution map of the Constantin-Lannes equation is not uniformly continuous in Sobolev spaces Hs(T).


The article proposes that the current process of deepening the National System of Innovation in Chile, it is necessary to build and enhance regional innovation systems like strategy for incorporating the localization processes of the innovation in the way that could be possible to articulate national priorities ( Selective clustering) with the emerging innovation processes from the territory enhanced from sub-national level (regions). In this context, we propose a model for regional innovation management and its examines the methodology of Regional Competitive Intelligence in its magnitude of regional analysis of the capabilities and potential of STI. Its proposes a strategy, a set articulated of techniques and indicators for related Advanced Capital Human, build of techno economics networks and techno scientifics, indicators of focus of STI, of priorities of public investment and of economic dynamics of sectoral / regional. These indicators are built with the horizon to


The article refers to the gamification in the field of education that has been rapidly developed as a result of digital revolution in the recent decade. The definition to the term "gamification" is given in the article based on the opinions of the professionals in the field. The effectiveness of gamification is summarized with the clear emphasis on its positive (sustainable or non-sustainable) impact.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound on colonic polyps in children.Methods The high frequency ultrasonographic characteristics of 34 children with colonic polyps proved by colonoscopy and pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results Pathological results showed 33 children were of juvenile polyps,one child was of adenomatous polyp.There were 42 polyps in total,including 31 single polyps in 31 cases and 11 multiple polyps in 3 cases.Of the 34 children,31 were diagnosed as clonic polyps through ultrasound correctly and 3 were misdiagnosed.The clonic polyp ultrasonogram presented as a medium echogenic mass or hypoechoic mass within the intestine.34 masses had a variable number of small and scattered cystic spaces,and 33 masses connected with the wall of colon through a pedicle.Doppler color flow imaging showed that the polyps were rich of blood signal,the bundle blood flow trunk of the pedicle flowed into the polyps,the blood flow distribution within polyps were from center to perim radially.Four children were detected with secondary intussusception through ultrasound.Conclusion The ultrasonogram of colonic polyps in children has characteristic appearance;Ultrasonographic examination is noninvasive,safe,convenient and with high detection rate,which has important value in the diagnosis of colonic polyps in children.


Culture plays a vital role in second language learning. This paper presents an action research study that investigates the role of culture in a Chinese language program in a kindergarten classroom. Three topics have been explored: (a) culture as the core in the development of a thematic unit on Chinese festivals, (b) a culturally responsive pedagogy as a model of instruction, and (c) the assessment of student learning. Nine kindergarten children participated in this study. The thematic unit was undertaken for eight consecutive weeks. Five major Chinese festivals were integrated into this unit; the teaching and learning processes were examined to explore the application of a culturally responsive pedagogy. Diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments were administered to explore the children's learning. The assessments were based the participants' oral response to one-to-one interviews, their written responses on the Pictorial Attitudes Scale in a whole-group session, cultural artefacts, and drawing and writing products. Thematic curriculum unit, Chinese culture and language, multicultural education, culturally responsive pedagogy


Omphacite-bearing metapelite was found from the Seba area of the Besshi region, Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, Japan. Omphacite occurs as inclusions in garnet together with quartz, sodic amphibole, phengite, and paragonite. The major matrix phases are quartz, albite, phengite, chlorite, subcalcic amphibole, calcite, dolomite, and graphite. Garnet shows a prograde zoning and comprises three segments in order from the crystal center to the margin: the core, inner mantle, and outer mantle. The garnet core shows monotonous decrease of MnO content outward, and includes sodic phases: paragonite and glaucophane. The garnet mantle is substantially homogeneous in composition, and poorer in MnO and richer in MgO than the core. The inner mantle of garnet includes omphacite, paragonite and glaucophane. The outer mantle includes omphacite, but paragonite and glaucophane grains are absent. The jadeite content of omphacite inclusions (XJd) increases slightly from 0.55 in grains included in the inner mantle to 0.62 in the outer mantle of garnet.     The systematic distribution of sodic minerals in garnet documents a prograde evolution of metamorphism from the blueschist to eclogite facies conditions. The occurrence of omphacite-bearing metapelite in the Seba area of the Besshi region is direct evidence of: (1) at least some of the Sambagawa metapelites in the Besshi region certainly experienced eclogite facies metamorphism, and (2) eclogite facies metamorphism extends beyond the previously assumed eclogite facies area in the Sambagawa belt.


Swearwords are natural part of our language. They are used as the most healing way to throw away some extra frustration or anger in a difficult situation. Anderson  lists  three  different  motives  for swearing:  psychological  motives, social motives and linguistic motives.  The primary aim in this research is to find out swearwords that are commonly used by Bengkulunese people and the most frequent motives behind them. There are 20 Bengkulunese people as the participants of this research who filled in questionnaire. The questionnaire contained a table which consisted of two columns. The first is the swearwords column and the second one is the circumstances of the occurred swearwords which must be filled in by the participants completely. Based on the swearwords gained from the participants, there are 43 swearwords that are generally used by them in their daily speaking activity. Some of them are still in Indonesian language version and some other swearwords are from Bengkulunese language version. For example the word "sialan" and "kurang ajar" are Indonesian languages that are still understood by those who are not Bengkulunese, while the word "sea'", "bigal", or "cuk mak" are based from Bengkulunese language.


This study aims to study whether the socialization model of the character values of patriotism by using the strategy of a Guidance Reading Combination of the Quiz Team can improve youth understanding in Tunggul Village, Gondang District, Sragen Regency. This study used an experimental method of pre-experimental type with the design of one group pretest posttest. This research was conducted in Tunggul Village, Gondang District, Sragen Regency with 100 participating samples and 20 samples. The sampling technique used was cluster sampling. Data collection techniques in this study used a questionnaire and observation method. The indicators used in this study are: 1) Faithful and obedient to the applicable laws and regulations, 2) Proud of Indonesian waters, 3) Soul and personality of the Pancasila, 4) End of high law and governance, 5) national, 6) Using voting rights in elections, 7) Studying knowledge in earnest, 8) Preserving national culture. The validity of this study is the content validity by using the Pearson product moment correlation formula. Reliability using the Cronbach alpha formula. The normality data in this study uses the Shapiro Wilk test. Data analysis in this study used paired sample t-test. The results showed that the count of 9,646500886 was greater than t table of 1,725 with a significance level of 0.05. The average pretest score of 31.85 increased to 43.9 in the posttest. Based on the results of the two pretest and posttest data are then compared in order to obtain a difference value of 12.05. Suggestions about improving soil quality by using a Quiz Combined Reading Guide strategy for youth in the stump village Gondang District Sragen Regency.


Objective:To observe the clinical effects of Shenmao Shiwei decoction on IgA-nephropathy.Methods:59 IgAN patients with difficent degree hematuria and proteinuria were chosen and divided into treatment group(30 cases)and contrast group(29 cases)at random.Patients of treatment group took the Shenmao Shiwei decoction one dosis everyday and add modern medicine conventional therapy;Patients of contrast group simple took the modern medicine conventional therapy only Dispydamole(Persantine)combine with ACEI such as Benazepril(Lotensin),Fosinopril(Monopril).The effects of both groups were compared after therapy.Results:The clinical effects and symptoms of treatment group was obviously superior to those of contrast group(P0.01).Conclusion:So Shenmao Shiwei decoction is one of valuable pure traditional Chinese medicine decoction for the treatment of IgAN.


Abstract Demodex phocidi n. sp. is described (all life stages) from a captive Atlantic harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, from Seward, Alaska. This is the first description of a demodecid hair follicle mite from the earless seal family Phocidae. The mites reside in the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles and are associated with persistent areas of hyperkeratosis.


Inulin enzymatically synthesized from sucrose is a dietary component that completely escapes glucide digestion. Supplementing inulin to a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HF) ameliorated hypertriglycemia and hepatic steatosis in 8-week-fed rats by suppressing elevated levels of serum triacylglycerols, fatty acids and glucose, and the accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerols and fatty acids. Inulin intake prevented phenobarbital (PB)- and dexamethasone-induced liver injuries in the HF group. No significant alteration in the baseline expression of CYP2B, CYP2C11, CYP3A and NADPH P450 reductase mRNAs and proteins was found. In contrast, baseline and PB-treated expressions of CYP2E1 mRNA were reduced in HF-fed rats. The induction of CYPs in response to PB was affected by their nutritional status; mRNA levels of CYP2B1 and CYP3A1 after PB treatment as assessed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis were reduced in the inulin-supplemented HF (HF+I) group, compared with those in the HF group. Western-blot analysis detected the corresponding changes of CYP2B and CYP3A proteins. These alterations were correlated with changes in hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Furthermore, no significant difference in the expression of nuclear receptors CAR, PXR, and RXR α and coactivator PGC1 α proteins was found in the hepatic nucleus between HF and HF+I groups, but the expression of HNF4 α protein was significantly reduced in the HF+I group. results inulin intake ameliorates liver associated with a decline in lipid and expression of and related a the of expression 20-HETE preglomerular


Gaojiapuzi Au-Ag deposits occurre in the transitional belt of interbedded marble of Dashiqiao F. and leptite of Gaixian F.,which host rocks mainly are leptite,marble and wollastonite. Their distribution are strongly controlled by nappe structure,NE-trending shearing structure and interstratal delaminating structure.Ore-forming material are polygene,mainly hypogene volcanic spoutting fluid.Magmatic hydrothermal fluids superimposed,mixed and formed into metallogenic hydrothermal.So,for Gaojiapuzi Au-Ag deposits,metallogenic process and lithologic character are metallogenic base;ductile shearing structures are metallogenic candition;magmatic hydrothermal(silicification) is the key of metallogenesis.It is considerded that Gaojiapuzi Au-Ag deposits are of volcanic spoutting-ductile shearing-magmatic hydrothermal overimposing-type deposits.


In order to improve the weak global search ability of grey Wolf algorithm and easy to fall into the local optimal solution in the iterative process, an Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) is proposed in this paper. The Improved idea is to adopt the adaptive inertia weight strategy and make the weight change according to the fitness value. Therefore, gray wolves have more diversity when looking for prey, so as to balance the global search and local search capabilities of the algorithm. In order to prove the practicability of the improved algorithm, IWGO optimized k-means algorithm and applied it to image segmentation. In this paper, two groups of images are used for segmentation experiments. By comparing relevant performance indicators, the results show that IWGO has achieved certain results in image segmentation.


Based on the definition of the economic development given by many economists, the economic development is affected by several economic indicators essentially by the degree of innovation, the research and development activities also by the foreign direct investment and by the human capital education level. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyses the link between the innovation and economic growth in the Chinese economy. To verify this link, we adopt a certain strategy, by using a single country analysis based on multiple regression models. In order to estimate the innovation degree, we have used various variables as a proxy such as the number of patents, the number of trademarks and the research and development expenditures. The results of this study, provide a positive linkage between the two indicators, the economic growth, and innovation degree.


2014 A photochemical technique for silica deposition is presented, in view of the realisation of selfaligned gate MISFET's on indium phosphide substrate. This technology requires a high temperature anneal. We submitted those films to rapid thermal annealing between 300 and 900 °C. Analyses have been performed by infra-red transmission spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, measurement of capacitance of MIS diodes at 1 MHz, and of leakage current. We found a significant dehydration, a strong improvement of the resistivity and of the dielectric constant. The fixed charges which appear in the oxide are eliminated by a low temperature anneal. The density of these films is 2.06. Ellipsometry revealed a slight excess of silicon (1 %). The transconductance of the first transistors is 12 mS/mm, with a low current drift (a few % over 104 s) at Vds = 0.1 V and Vgs = 2.5 V. Revue Phys. Appl. 25 (1990) 935-939 SEPTEMBRE 1990, PAGE


Lose of teeth and therapy by prosthesis interfering with the oral sectors that are necessary for S-sound articulation have an important influence on S-sound realization. Hitherto, the resulting S-sound changes used to be evaluated only from a subjective point of view. The application of a complex measuring technique for S-sound analysis permitted to determine the influence of the upper and lower jaw plates on S-sound formation by experiments. In another series of experiments, it was shown that edentulous patients are not able to pronounce the typical S-sound which, however, builds up again immediately after a total prosthesis is inserted. It then stabilizes further within a three-months period of adaptation.


Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) that are caused by human adenoviruses (HAdVs) affect in the whole population, but are more frequent in young children under the age of five years old. Due to the potential role of HAdVs in the URTIs cases of young children and there is no previous molecular study on these viruses in Iraq, this study aimed to detect of the prevalence of HAdVs in children suffering from URTIs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA extracted from 203 nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, they were collected from children aged less than 15 years with the respiratory illness. In addition to 30 swabs obtained from healthy children as a control group. All samples diagnosed with PCR technique by using specific primer for the seven hyper variable regions (HVR-7) in the hexon gene. The results showed that 57 (28.08%) were positive and 146 (71.9%) were negative for HAdVs. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between groups (X 2 = 11.064; P<0.01), where the viral DNA was detected in approximately a third (28.08%) of the total study groups. Again results of our study showed that most patients with HAdV infection were younger than 5 years (85.5%). Moreover, the results showed no significant difference in prevalence of HAdVs infections between males 29.82% (34/114) and females 25.84% (23/89). In conclusion, using multiplex PCR for identify of multiple viral infections in the same time with highly sensitively.


Dr. Mendoza Diaz is the Coordinator of the Community of Engineering Education for the University Corporation for the Advancement of the Internet in Mexico. Dr. Mendoza Diaz obtained her Ph.D. from Texas A&M University in Educational Administration and Human Resource Development and has worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Institute for P-12 Engineering Research and Learning-INSPIRE at Purdue University. She was a recipient of the Apprentice Faculty Grant from the Educational Research Methods ASEE Division in 2009. She also has been an Electrical Engineering Professor for two Mexican universities. She is interested in pre-college and college engineering readiness, socioeconomically disadvantaged engineering students, and computer aided engineering instruction.


"Oh no, it's positive! How did this happen? Am I not still nursing my baby?" Aina thought to herself while holding the pregnancy test kit. She is worried as her first baby is only 4 months old.

This scenario may have been or may be experienced by mothers who are still nursing their babies. Surely a lot of assumptions will be running through their minds.

As is generally known, breastfeeding greatly benefits the growth and health of babies. Breastfeeding also helps to create gaps between pregnancies as an effective contraceptive. However, there are nursing mothers who find themselves pregnant. How does this happen and do nursing mums require contraceptives?

Breastfeeding as an effective contraceptive

Most mothers are aware that one of the benefits of breastfeeding is as a natural contraceptive. The medical term for it is 'Lactational Amenorrhea Method' (LAM). However, there are 3 main conditions that needs to be fulfilled for mothers to use breastfeeding as an effective contraceptive. The conditions are:

Baby is less than 6 months' old
The mum has not had her period after giving birth
Practice exclusive breastfeeding regularly during night and day
Therefore, if the mother does not adhere to the conditions stated above, such as the baby is more than 6 months old, she has had her period, and is not able to breastfeed her baby exclusively and frequently, she will need to think of other contraceptive methods that would be more effective. This is important to preserve her physical, mental, and emotional health.

How does Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) perform among working women? Does it help? In a study involving working women who pump breast milk to supply to their babies, it is found that 5.2% of them became pregnant within six months. Therefore, women who are working and are temporarily separated from their babies during the day must keep in mind that the chances of them becoming pregnant is higher.


Creating anthropometric databases require considerable resources like workforce, equipment and funds and thus, the design of classroom furniture (CF) is typically not based on anthropometric principles. This study addresses this challenge by developing models for predicting several female students' dimensions essential for optimal CF production in secondary schools. An aggregate of 240 students participated in the study and brute-force search technique implemented in ANFIS was employed to select the two most influential of the five input measurements. Regression analyses were employed in modelling the anthropometric data obtained. Out of the 18 developed models, 8 were quadratic while 5 each exhibited two factors interactions [  and linear relationships [ . Adjusted R2 values obtained ranged from 0.902-0.999, 0.876-0.997, 0.881-0.999, 0.993-0.998, 0.950-0.999 and 0.983-0.995 for KH (Knee Height), EH, P, SHH (Shoulder Height), PBL and HW (Hip Width) respectively. The ANOVA results show that the models satisfactorily predicted the needed dimensions for optimal production of CF.


Under new circumstances,individualization has carried on new connotation.It has become a fashion and a new developmental view of adolescents.Individualization and socialization are conflicting.But they can be coordinated.We suggest that further research should be made on individualization.


Newly synthesized ruthenium complexes are applied as catalysts in the addition of carboxylic acids to propargylic alcohols to give the corresponding β-oxo esters in high yields even in air.


Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of B-cell origin. The annual incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is low. In western countries, the incidence is 1% to 10% of all lymphoma. The incidence in Africa is 20 to 40 times the incidence of wersten countries. According to the World Health Organization (WI-b) recent classification, Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) depending on its histomorphology is subdivided into classical BL, which includes 2 variants, the atypical Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) variant and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) with plasmacytoid differentiation. In this article, we report an unusual case of adult atypical Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) presenting as multiple pyogenic granulomas in oral cavity and review the literature. Further discussion on the differential diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and atypical Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL), as well as its histologic features, genetic features and clinical features were presented.


Wavelength routing in a 5/spl times/3 polygrid network is investigated using both heuristic and integer programming algorithms. Each link has several carrying a small number of wavelengths, and the authors show that in this situation the wavelength blocking is considerably reduced over networks with only one fibre on each link.


A new class of quantum cascade lasers is presented. They are based on interminiband transitions in chirped superlattices (SL), where the applied electric field is compensated by the quasielectric field resulting from a gradually varying SL period length and average composition. In this way "flat" minibands can be obtained without the need for dopants. At room temperature record high peak (0.5 W) and average (14 mW) powers are obtained for a laser of 7.6 μm wavelength, with the lowest threshold current densities (5 kA/cm2) reported so far for quantum cascade lasers. The maximum temperature for continuous wave operation is an unprecedented 160 K.


IN this paper, instead of giving a review of otitis externa in general, I propose to confine myself to certain observations on the anatomy, histo-pathology and physiology of the external auditory meatus. My colleagues will, however, remedy this defect and help to broaden the scope of this discussion.


The network data acquisition is developed based on the Cortex-M3 core, embedded real-time multi-tasking operating system uC/OSII and graphics support software uC/GUI, implement integration of intelligent gateway and portable data acquisition. Configurations of intelligent gateway and portable data collector avoid the involvement of the PC makes the configuration easier and faster. When used as an intelligent gateway, it can achieve the conversion of the Modbus protocol, CAN bus protocol as well as the Ethernet protocol, and can be achieved in determining an input bus protocol under the premise of two other bus protocols output function; when used as a portable data collector, through infrared wireless communication real-timed collect the industrial data and the data is stored in the storage device, real-time data can be displayed via text or curves. The network data acquisition achieved a variety of field bus protocols to coexist with an industrial site, through the choice of the function can easily and quickly switch between the intelligent gateway and portable data acquisition.


In recent years, one of the most noticeable linguistic phenomena in the Chinese language is word diversification which can be seen from the large number of coinages, load words, degradation and specialization, elevation and extension of specialized terms, and abbreviations. The swift changes have taken place in a wide range of fields. The changes can help increase the collocational power of the Chinese language and reflects the natural and fresh style of modern Chinese. These linguistic phenomena also reflect the social changes, namely, free social environment, quick paced living, interaction between the Chinese and western culture, and the increasingly richer material and spiritual life.


Xue, Peng, and colleagues employed multiomics approaches including Hi-C to demonstrate that CTCF promotes cytotoxic effector differentiation through dynamic redistribution, local chromatin accessibility control, and higher-order genomic reorganization, while enclosing memory precursor–associated genes within insulated neighborhoods to restrain their activation.


The NO induced intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i) rise and the inhibiting effect of selenium on this process were determined by using Fura 2/AM fluorescence measurement method in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line: ECV 304. Experimental results indicated that there was a fast rise of [Ca 2+ ] i by the treatment of S nitrosoglutathione(GSNO), a donor of NO. The rise of [Ca 2+ ] i was inhibited by Hb, a scavenger of NO. These results suggested that this rise of [Ca 2+ ] i was induced by NO. There was no effect on [Ca 2+ ] i response to NO by removing calcium ion from bath, or by adding the non selective calcium channel antagonist, CdCl 2(1 mmol/L)to the bath. When the cells were pretreated by sodium selenite( 1 μmol/L ),the rise of [Ca 2+ ] i induced by NO was obviously inhibited. This result suggested that selenium can inhibit calcium store release.


Introduction We have previously reported that nucleus pulposus (NP) progenitor cell-derived spheroid colonies possess pluripotency. Furthermore, we have confirmed that the NP progenitor cells express neural stem cell markers: Nesthin, Musashi-1, and Sox2. Moreover, they could differentiate into Schwann cell-like phenotypes in vitro. However, its functional potential is unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of these Schwann-like cells derived from NP progenitor cells on nerve regeneration in the mouse sciatic nerve transection model. Materials and Methods Animals We used P0-Cre/Floxed-EGFP-transgenic mice (8-week-old female, n = 40) in this experiment. We have previously reported that EGFP positive cells in this mouse was observed in NP cells in intervertebral discs. Therefore, we used this mouse for the trace of NP cells during glial differentiation in vitro. Culture of NP Cell-Spheroid Colonies NP tissues from tail intervertebral discs of these mice were collected using a surgical microscope. These NP tissues were digested and cultured in αMEM for 7days. NP cells were then transferred to methylcellulose medium for 10 days to induce spheroid colonies. We collected the NP cell-spheroid colonies by diluting the methylcellulose medium with αMEM and pipetting. Differentiation of NP Progenitor Cells The NP cell-spheroid colonies were incubated in 0.25% trypsin-EDTA for 30 minutes, and triturated until a single-cell suspension was obtained. These cells were performed according to the method of neural induction described by Dezawa et al. Transplantation of differentiated NP progenitor cells: differentiated NP progenitor cells were suspended in matrigel (BD Biosciences) at the concentration of 1 × 107 cells/mL, and were filled into Poly-96L/4D-Lactide tubes (8 mm length) to make an artificial graft. Under general anesthesia, a 3-mm segment was completely removed from the left sciatic nerve of severe combined immunodeficient mice (NOD-SCID, 8-week-old female, n = 10) at the middle thigh level. The artificial graft was anastomosed with proximal and distal nerve tips using 10-0 nylon sutures at both ends. We also transplanted lactide tubes with matrigel only as a comparison group (n = 10). Immunohistochemical Analysis of Transplanted Grafts At 9 weeks postsurgery, the nerve conduits were harvested and nerve regeneration was examined by immunohistochemistry with the following primary antibodies: a marker of primitive neurons; βIII tubulin, a marker of early Schwann cells; S100, a marker of mature Schwann cells; GFAP and GFP; a marker of the present differentiated NP progenitor cells. Evaluation of Functional Recovery The recovery of motor and sensory function of the mouse's hindlimb was assessed by walking track analysis as described previously at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after transplantation. The recovery of sensory function was assessed by the hot water behavior test as described previously. Results Immunohistochemical analysis: 9 weeks after transplantation, the GFP-expressing cells were visualized in the joined sciatic nerve. In the central and marginal area of the joined nerve, many of the GFP and GFAP, S100-double expressing differentiated NP progenitor cells formed a myelin sheath surrounding GFP-negative and βIII-tubulin-positive host regrowth axons. The evaluation of functional recovery: The mean values of the print length factor in the NP group were significantly lower than in the control group at 3, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively. Regards to the recovery of sensory function, the average time of foot withdrawal in the NP group (n = 10) was significantly shorter than that in the control group (n = 10) at 3, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively. These results indicate that the nerve conduits filled in with differentiated NP progenitor cells accelerate the functional recovery of sciatic nerve gaps in mice. Conclusion The treatment of peripheral nerve defects is primarily aimed at promoting the axonal regrowth into the nerve stump distal to the lesion. This axonal regrowth always needs a scaffold including Schwann cells in the gap. In clinical practice, the frequently used approaches for the reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects include nerve autografts, allografts, and nerve conduits. However, it is often difficult to obtain a good clinical result with these methods. Thus, as an alternative to these therapies, efforts have been made to research the cell therapy for the regeneration of nerve. Several recent studies have reported that the cell therapy including iPS cells and ES cells conduced to the good functional recovery in damaged peripheral nerve. However, several problems remain, such as significant ethical issues and potential malignancy. We have confirmed that the NP progenitor cells can differentiate into Schwann cell-like phenotypes in vitro. In the current study, we evaluated effect of these Schwann-like cells derived NP progenitor cells on nerve regeneration in the transection model of the mice sciatic nerve to assess its functional potential. NP progenitor cell-derived Schwann-like cells transplanted in severed sciatic nerve formed a myelin sheath surrounding the host regrowth axons. Furthermore, this morphological regrowth of the severed nerve also brought initiated good functional restoration. These results suggest that NP progenitor cell-derived Schwann-like cells have similar property to schwann cells. The advantage of these spheroid colonies-forming NP cells over other stem cells is that they are adult stem cell that can evade ethical issues and potential malignancy. Thus, NP cells may be considered to be one of the candidates for the cell therapy for peripheral nerve defects, although ideal donor cell supply may be the major obstacle. Disclosure of Interest None declared


In this paper, we formulate a dynamic model for the transmission of malaria in both host human and vector mosquito populations. We include incubation periods for both infected human hosts and mosquitoes. We further divide the infected human population into subgroups based on their infection history. Threshold conditions which determine whether the disease spreads in the human and vector populations or dies out are obtained. Such conditions are characterized by the reproductive number and an explicit formula for the reproductive number is derived. The reproductive number is composed of key parameters in the disease transmission and those parameters are functionals of environmental variables. Impact of environmental changes on the disease transmission is then discussed through the sensitivity of the reproductive number with respect to the environmental variable.


A cutting tip, the cutting tip having about a central axis (A) substantially symmetrical cone-shaped body (10) and having a profile in vertical section. The profile includes a generally convex portion (Pcx) and a substantially concave portion (Pcv). At least one of said substantially concave profile portion (Pcv) and a generally convex portion (Pcx) comprises a first linear portion (LP1, LP5) is defined by a portion of the first line, the first line from a first point (P1, P12) at an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the central axis (a) extending into said first point (P1, P12) axially spaced apart from a second point (P2, P11), and by the first a second linear portion defining a portion of the second line (LP2), extending from the second line of the first line are formed approximately the third point (P3, P10) from the midpoint to said first and at a second radial position It corresponds to the length of the first line about the point (P4, P9) two o'clock (P2, P11) a fourth axial distance half.


The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) was proposed by the Chinese particle physics scientists as a future Higgs factory and [Formula: see text] factory. It will produced more than [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] bosons by operating at a center-of-mass energy around 91.2 GeV in two years. In this study, the measurement of the relative decay widths of [Formula: see text] bosons decaying to [Formula: see text] quarks [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] quarks [Formula: see text] and light quarks [Formula: see text] in hadronic [Formula: see text] decays are studied on CEPC Monte Carlo (MC) samples. By using a template method, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can be fitted from reconstructed data as the fractions of MC templates with different flavors. The distribution of a sensitive variable, [Formula: see text]-tagging probability, is used as the template, because of its high performance in discriminating different flavors. Based on the expected statistics of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] bosons at CEPC, the statistical uncertainty is estimated to be approximately [Formula: see text] by using the template method, which means that the measurement will no longer be limited by the statistics. Systematic errors arise directly from the difference in the [Formula: see text]-tagging probability distribution between real data and template MC samples. By considering the bias of input variables used for [Formula: see text]-tagging probability computing, the quantitative effect for each kind of input variable is investigated by using an ensemble test procedure.


Battery technology plays a key role as we transition from fossil energy to electric energy from renewable sources. The Li-ion battery is the state of the art technology leading this transition, but the current performance, safety and price is not good enough to enable full implementation in transportation and grid applications. Replacing the currently used graphite anode with silicon allows for a theoretical tenfold improvement in charge capacity. However, the large volume expansion of silicon upon lithiation makes it incompatible with conventional electrolytes due to continuous electrolyte decomposition and excessive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation[1]. Ionic liquid (IL) based electrolytes may be a solution to this problem, one that will have the added benefit of increased safety due to their higher thermal and electrochemical stability and nonflammability[2, 3].


The capacities of four activated carbon types to adsorb both 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)propyl]amine (BTS40348), as single- and dual-solutes, at pH 4, 7 and 9, were evaluated by use of the Freundlich isotherm model. Coal-based activated carbon type F400 was found to most strongly adsorb both compounds, with adsorption optima at pH 4 and 9 for TCP and BTS40348, respectively. In dual-solute isotherms, the adsorptive capacity for each solute was reduced with pH, dictating which solute was most strongly adsorbed. Compared with these batch isotherms, F400 adsorptive capacity was reduced in flow-through column studies. Activated carbon bioregeneration was studied but the adsorptive capacity of the flow-through column did not increase, indicating that biologically-mediated desorption of solute did not occur.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry


Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis technique has been commonly used in failure analysis. It is vital for an analyst to understand the electron penetration depth in a certain material so as to be able to select an appropriate accelerating beam voltage. In this paper, we will use the Monte Carlo electron flight simulation method to obtain the electron penetration data at the different beam acceleration voltages of 5 kV, 10 kV, 15 kV, 20 kV, 25 kV and 30 kV for the various possible elements/materials in wafer fabrication.


The dynamics of an open quantum system can be fully described and tomographically reconstructed if the experimenter has complete control over the system of interest. Most real-world experiments do not fulfill this assumption, and the amount of control is restricted by the experimental set-up. That is, the set of performable manipulations of the system is limited. For instance, imagine a set-up where unitary operations are easy to make, but only one measurement at the end of the experiment is allowed. In this paper, we provide a general reconstruction scheme that yields operationally well-defined dynamics for any conceivable kind of experimental situation. If one additional operation can be performed, these `restricted' dynamics allow for the construction of witnesses for initial correlations and the presence of memory effects. We demonstrate the applicability of our framework for the the two important cases where the set of performable operations comprises only unitary operations or projective measurements, respectively, and show that it provides a powerful tool for the description of quantum control experiments.


Abstract : The word 'Health' has paved its way into the minds of the masses. Issues related to health are increasing at an alarming rate. Cardiovascular diseases, once considered to be a malady for the middle aged, are now prevalent among young adults. It is said that heart diseases kills 1 person every 33 seconds in India. The proposed model aims at detecting the occurrence of heart diseases by diagnosing the ECG signal. The chances of death due to heart diseases can be greatly reduced by enabling access to immediate medical attention. This paper mainly emphasizes on collection and inspection of ECG signal for determination of a heart diseases condition. Here, the survey on various behaviors' and conditions observed in the ECG during heart diseases would be discussed which is further processed and accordingly notified to the concerned individuals. The device aims to reduce the response time in case of occurrence of a heart disease which is crucial to prevent major damage to the distressed muscles in the heart.


After the presentation of the hitherto definition of cities in Slovenia, the criteria are given for the allocation of the status of a cilv municipalitv, based on some most important socio-economic indicators.


Trainers of mediators are often asked questions about how to deal with clients who
are very protracted in their conflict. Some of the following thoughts, gleaned
from preconference institutes conducted by the author at the last three Academy
of Family Mediator conferences, may provide the mediator with suggestions
leading to more successful mediations. Success is an attitude on the mediator"s
part: success is aided when a mediator thinks about how she or he thinks.


This article pointed out that LI Qin-Zhao compared herself to "Dongting" dragon daughter from her own articles and poems;and it doubted the recording and ideas by Zhang Rui-yi and Liu Chen-wen.


Cable wiring design has become the key and difficult point of the design of airborne radar antenna pedestal. Especially,problems such as cable resistance torque increasing rapidly at low temperature require prompt solution. The main problems in the cable wiring design are summed up in this paper,through analyzing the usual approaches of cable wiring design of airborne radar antenna pedestal,and testing the influence of cable resistance torque on motor performance. These problems are solved well,through improving cable twist by designing new-style cable wiring device,improving cable stiffening at low temperature by using new flexible materials,optimizing the cable layout on antenna pedestal. The design method which has been successfully used on similar products,and achieved good results,provides a reference for following product design.


The chief aim of this paper is to elucidate the theory of electoral choice in an important but previously neglected electoral context: multi-member districts. Taking the simplest case of a threecandidate election in a double-member district, the paper develops a model of electoral choice as a standard decision under risk. It is found that this simplest case is essentially equivalent to approval voting with three candidates; thus, voting in double elections with three candidates is "sincere" in the same sense that approval voting is, and a unique sincere strategy exists when preferences are dichotomous. Nonetheless, it is shown that electoral choice in double (and approval) elections is inherently strategic in the sense that voters' beliefs about how others will vote affect their decisions (when preferences are not dichotomous). This point is important because it has been claimed that sincerity of choice is an important property, guaranteeing that choices reflect preferences "directly." This paper shows that there are fairly severe restrictions on the sense in which this is true, due to the strategic nature of choice. In the later sections of the paper, an examination of actual voting behavior in double-member districts is made to see if theoretically predicted strategic behavior is evident in practice. The evidence is positive.


Constitution is composed of congenital and acquired inherent relatively stable personal feature that morphological structure function activities,and is related to psychological character.In order to improve public health level,in time of preventing the disease and promoting disease rehabilitation,we must think over constitution .This article is talking about disease prevention and treatment for the reference of the readers.


Photoluminescence (PL), its temperature and excitation power dependences, and PL excitation spectra have been investigated in InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs quantum wells (QWs) as a function of QD density. The QD density varied from 1.1×1011 down to 1.3×1010 cm−2 with the increase in QD growth temperature at the molecular beam epitaxy processing. A set of rate equations for exciton dynamics (relaxation into QWs and QDs, and thermal escape) has been solved to analyze the mechanism of PL thermal quenching in studied structures. Three stages have been revealed in thermal decay of the PL intensity of InAs QDs. Presented mathematical analysis provides the explanations of the mechanism of PL thermal decay as well as the peculiarities of PL excitation power dependences and PL excitation spectra. A variety of activation energies of PL thermal decay and the localization of nonradiative defects in InGaAs/GaAs QW structures with different InAs QD density are discussed as well.


The present invention relates to a high pressure fluid drive means for actuating the flow control valve. A spherical valve body and adapted for contact lines frusto-conical valve seat is preferably provided with a restricted flow area upstream, in order to significantly reduce the effective sonic damage to the sealing surface of the valve seat. Preferably the poppet movable radially floating poppet guide, so that the poppet relative to the seat substantially self-centering. Further, the discharge poppet preferably closed prior to the supply poppet is opened, so as to eliminate leakage delivery.


This is a topical issue on the 16th Asia–Pacific Symposium on Intelligent and Evolutionary Systems (IES) which was held in Kyoto from December 12–14, 2012. This special issue contains six articles related to evolutionary algorithms that are designed to solve optimization problems, network concepts, mathematical methods and their real world applications.


Critical feminist work on eating disorders has grown substantially since its establishment in the 1980s, and has increasingly incorporated the use of anorexic stories, voices and experiences. Yet rarely do such accounts offer the anorexic a space to respond to the now established feminist conceptions of the problem which structure the books or articles in which they appear. Anorexic or recovered anorexic voices are used by the researcher to interpret the role played by gender, even while the subjects are invited to respond to and critique, medical and popular discourses on the disorder. This lack of dialogue is all the more striking in the context of the feminist aim to challenge the silencing of the anorexic voice when it comes to women's own interpretations of their starving, treatment and construction. As someone who suffered from anorexia for 20 years, this article offers an autoethnographic account of my experience of encountering the feminist literature on anorexia in a bid to speak back, or enter into a dialogue between feminist politics and eating disorder experience.


Over the last decade, X-ray lasers in the wavelength range14 - 47 nm have been used to do interferometry of plasmas. Just as for optical interferometry of plasmas, the experimental analysis assumed that the index of refraction is due only to the free electrons. This makes the index of refraction less then one. Recent experiments in Al plasmas have observed fringe lines bend the wrong way as though the electron density is negative. We show how the bound electrons can dominate the index of refraction in many plasmas and make the index greater than one or enhance the index such that one would greatly overestimate the density of the plasma using interferometry.


A detailed experimental study on the acoustic characteristics of an axisymmetric pipe-cavity jet is conducted for different ratios of cavity depth to length, over a range of subsonic Mach numbers. Power spectral analysis and Scalogram are implemented to unravel the physics of the pipe-cavity resonance. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis is used to understand the flow dynamics of the pipe-cavity jet. The results show that the pipe-cavity resonates close to the first tangential mode for a wide range of Mach numbers. However, an increase in the depth and Mach number leads to the onset of combined resonance modes. Experimentally obtained resonance frequencies are validated against numerical simulations and theoretical predictions. Scalogram results show the existence of nonlinear interactions and mode shifting of resonance modes. A parametric space plot demarcates the domains of operation of various oscillation modes, over the relevant parametric range. The results reveal that the upstream cavity significantly affects the downstream jet flow dynamics, and its far-field noise radiation. Deeper cavities have a stronger influence on the far-field acoustics compared to shallow cavities.A detailed experimental study on the acoustic characteristics of an axisymmetric pipe-cavity jet is conducted for different ratios of cavity depth to length, over a range of subsonic Mach numbers. Power spectral analysis and Scalogram are implemented to unravel the physics of the pipe-cavity resonance. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis is used to understand the flow dynamics of the pipe-cavity jet. The results show that the pipe-cavity resonates close to the first tangential mode for a wide range of Mach numbers. However, an increase in the depth and Mach number leads to the onset of combined resonance modes. Experimentally obtained resonance frequencies are validated against numerical simulations and theoretical predictions. Scalogram results show the existence of nonlinear interactions and mode shifting of resonance modes. A parametric space plot demarcates the domains of operation of various oscillation modes, over the relevant parametric range. The results reveal that the upstream cavity signif...


Pesher Isaiah A (4Q161) is the most often cited of the pesharim on Isaiah. This chapter presents some insights that have emerged from the authors' study of this text in preparing the revised DJD V edition. It is intended as a snapshot of the authors' larger understanding of the text and its relationship to other literature in the scrolls corpus and early Jewish exegetical and eschatological literature. The discussion highlights 1) attempts to provide a better reading of the text at places; 2) elements of exegetical technique in 4Q161; and 3) issues raised by Horgan and Bernstein on the reconstruction of the lemmata. The chapter then turns to two specific examples where the text of 4Q161 can inform other texts in the Qumran corpus and be informed by them - both examples focus on exegetical technique and the relationship between 4Q161 and the war texts. Keywords: pesher Isaiah A (4Q161); Qumran corpus


BASIC insulation levels have been defined, and a list of proposed values has been determined by national committees charged with this responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the principles useful in selecting electrical equipment conforming to the requirements of that basic insulation level necessary to assure satisfactory service while operating within the voltage range and under the system conditions expected.


Documenting the Great Game: 'World Policy' and the 'Turbulent Frontier' in the 1890s; Gordon Martel Recent Work on the Great Game in Asia; Philip Amos


The process of modeling community succession and assembly is in some sense a method for network evolution, as done by Barabasi and Albert (1999). It is also one of the methods to create a sample network from the statistic network I proposed earlier. I think that the mechanism of network evolution supposed by Barabasi and Albert is most likely applicable to the natural phenomena with emergency property. For natural phenomena without emergency property, the present study indicated that a scale-free network may be produced through a new mechanism, i.e., whether the connection of a taxon x occurs, dependent on the type and property of taxon y (in particular, the degree of its direct correlation with x) to be connected but not necessarily the existing number of connections of taxon y, as proposed in present study.


In this paper partial discharge were simulated by conducted particle, a fine protrusion, surface discharge, which could be easy accumulated charge and concentrated electric field in the model GIS. In this times this paper measured and analyzed the radiated electromagnetic waves by using spectrum analyzer and antenna ( for measurement of EMI EMC in accordance with occurrence and propagation of partial discharge. In the basis of this results, a novel UHF(Ultra High Frequency) spherical sensor is presented. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is from 0.3[GHz] to 1.7[GHz]. Form results of this study, this antenna will be playing an important role for the sensor for insulation diagnosis system by UHF method of real site GIS and power equipment using gas.


Lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) is hybrid structures containing covalently linked moieties of lignin and carbohydrates. The nature and amount of LCC affect both industrial processes and practical applications of lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, the LCC was isolated from bamboo by successive solvent extraction and precipitation. The effects and mechanism of LCC oxidation respectively by laccase, Co(salen), and laccase/Co(salen) in the presence of molecular oxygen have been investigated by composition analysis using the standard of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), GPC, FTIR, and 2D-HSQC NMR. We can conclude that the laccase/Co(salen) one-pot catalysis modified the LCC in such a way that more carbohydrate was removed from the LCC with lower molecular weight of LCC as shown by GPC; the catalytic treatments produced oxidation at lignin side-chains and cleavage of lignin β-O-4', β-β' and β-5' bonds in LCC, and cleavage of benzyl-sugar ether, phenyl glycoside and γ-ester bonds in LCC, as shown by FTIR and 2D-HSQC NMR, especially after the laccase/Co(salen) one-pot treatment. The further insight of LCC degradation was discussed in light of the results obtained in oxidation of the LCC model compound coniferin.


The aim of this paper is to develop a real-time flood monitoring and early warning system using long range telemetry for communication. Warning messages are sent to a control and command centre to inform the possible risk of flooding. The developed system is based on using a pair of ultrasonic sensor network to detect flooding by sensing the height of water in a river, dam, or any other water reservoir. WiFi or Internet are not usually available at the flood monitoring points which may be at remote locations. The novelty of the developed system is that communication to the control and command centre is done using long range RF transmitter and receiver pair with repeaters if necessary. Additionally, the developed system dissipates extremely low power and it can therefore operate for very long hours without the need to charge the batteries. KeywordsFlooding, Flood Monitoring, Early Flood Warning, Ultrasonic Level Sensing, Long Range Communication, ESP32 Microcontroller


Under the name of "Soteria", Mosher and Menn created 1971 in California an innovative community−based treatment for acute schizophrenics in an open, family−like therapeutic community. A similar institution exists since 1984 in Berne/Switzerland. More recently, certain so−called "Soteria−elements" were suc− cessfully also introduced in general psychiatric hospitals wards. As showed


There is growing interest in applications of machine learning techniques in quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling studies. As a frequent and successful research approach, QSPR studies are applied extensively to chemometrics, pharma chemistry, toxicology, functional materials, and so on[1]. In the chemical industry, designing novel compounds with desired characteristics is a bottleneck in the product development. Despite decades of studies, much of modern-day chemical design is still driven by serendipity and chemical intuition. Currently, there exists a critical contributing factor in QSPR researches that accounts for the gap towards chemical design. Since QSPR will make a lot of progress for chemical design in the end, researchers do have a right to pose the question, "Why should I trust the model?" Understanding the laws of nature is of indispensable importance to humanity, and QSPR has no exception[2]. Interpretation is the information retrieval of useful knowledge from computational models and also the key to win trust in algorithms. Interpretable machine learning methods will be essential for researchers to understand, trust, justify its prediction and effectively manage a QSPR model. However, there is a typical trade-off relationship between model interpretability and model performance. To our best knowledge, the best predictive performance is typically achieved by black-box models such as support vector machine, neural networks, etc. These black-box models are often criticized since their inner workings are hard to understand. R. Turner presented another point of view to separate concerns of predictability and interpretability trade-off relationships[3]. By introducing a formal framework in black-box models, human-readable interpretation can be generated without assuming anything about the internal workings of the black-box model. In short, interpretability is not a property of the model; thus, it has to be stressed how we design the framework for interpretation from the original model. The framework should be built using only interpretable descriptors having clear structural or chemical meaning. Since the prediction is the primary goal of QSPR modeling, the interpretation framework for QSPR model should balance between two goals: predictability and interpretability. The prediction produced by an interpretable framework should agree with the original model as much as possible, and the interpretation should be simple enough to be human-understandable. When we deprioritize interpretability, global interpretability and local interpretability are typical ways to define the scope of model interpretation. Global interpretability is able to explain and understand model decisions based on conditional interactions between features and target values on the complete dataset. In QSPR, global interpretation is information on structure-property relationships for a series of compounds, helping shed some light on mechanisms of action, activity, property of compounds. Local interpretability promotes understanding of local regions of the conditional distribution. Local interpretability gives information about how different parts of a single compound influence the property and can be applied to identify structural motifs which reduce or enhance the property in QSPR. Both global and local interpretation are essential characters of retrieval of knowledge. In this work, we use an organic compounds database with 64,932 rod-like aromatic compounds. We report three strategies to predict the liquid crystal (LC) behavior for these compounds using different well-known algorithms and molecular descriptors. In strategy 1, we prepared interpretable descriptors based on LC template and 4 different ensemble learning methods which can provide interpretable insight though feature importance. Then, we used "blender" as strategy 2 to combine strategy 1 models from to overcome some drawback of strategy 1. Since both strategy 1 and strategy 2 only can provide global interpretation. We report a new attempt (strategy 3) using deep neural network architecture without any descriptors to achieve local interpretation. The comparison is an important issue of this work. Performance and interpretation analysis for the three strategies is made. This study may lead to a better understanding of interpretable frameworks that provide a meaningful manner for interpretability.


According to the structural design scheme of the adjusting frame of 4YW-2A corn harvester,the structural analysis model was created by using the structural analysis software ANSYS.In this paper,the deformation and stress were calculated.It not only certifies the correctness of the structural design but also gives the theory base to improve and optimize the structural design.


Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are useful and necessary tools for modern oceanographic data collection. The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) Ocean Projects Department has been successfully applying AUV technology since 1997. NAVOCEANO's entry into the large AUV realm was initiated with the transfer of a vehicle developed and tested at Draper Labs in 1997, named Lazarus. NAVOCEANO also teamed with Penn State Applied Research Laboratory to design and build the SEAHORSE-Class AUV, with the first of three vehicles delivered in 2001. These vehicles are powered by D-cell alkaline batteries and were mainly used to develop AUV Concept of Operations and logistic requirements. These vehicles are designed to operate under a preprogrammed set of rules and instructions with the goal of carrying out assigned missions without direct operator interaction or supervision. This concept would provide a ldquoforce multiplierrdquo to other NAVOCEANO survey assets. However, in order for AUVs to become operationally effective, several technology gaps needed to be overcome. These gaps included sensors, communications, navigation, power, and launch and retrieval systems. As technologies advanced, the REMUS 6000 AUV overcame these gaps and became an operational tool for the U.S. Navy.


We believe the economic inequality experienced in many Western countries today threatens democratic principles. Exposing today's undergraduates to the debate over inequality is therefore vitally important. Yet, political discourse surrounding controversial public policy issues, like economic inequality, continues to grow increasingly polarised and adversarial. While we embrace controversy and intellectual disagreement in our classrooms, we believe students should be taught to think in ways that move beyond divisive dichotomies that are often framed as mutually exclusive. The traditional left-right debate over inequality in the USA is representative of this type of discourse. The pedagogical framework described here, which revolves around four political ideologies, circumvents this usual left-right constraint. By allowing students to explore the issue of inequality in a multidimensional political space, our framework engenders a more nuanced and less polarised discourse on inequality.


Purpose – This paper aims to provide a structured overview of the most important research conducted in the field of international mediation. Although there are still strong similarities between the processes of international and domestic mediation, lack of a clear structure on the international level suggests that international mediation activities could be separately academically scrutinized. This literature review is aimed at illustrating the unique nature of international mediation. Design/methodology/approach – Various factors that affect the overall process and the outcome of international mediation efforts were clustered in four distinct yet interrelated groups. The first section illustrates various mediators' characteristics that might induce the disputants to accept mediation and agree to specific terms that were mediated in the process. In the second section two distinct factors affecting the mediation outcome were explained: contextual and behavioral. Finally, in the third sections various types...


Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an established risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (CVE). Individuals with DM often have elevated levels of blood pressure (BP) which is closely associated with CVE.

Hypothesis: The risk of DM-related CVE may depend on BP levels.

Methods: A population-based prospective cohort study was performed in 24,350 subjects aged 40 to 89 years (mean age = 63.0±10.0 years) who did not have a history of CVE. DM was defined as a casual blood glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dl or fasting blood glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dl, a glycated hemoglobin value ≥ 6.5%, and/or current anti-diabetic therapy. BP levels at the baseline examination were classified into three categories including normotension, pre-hypertension, and hypertension according to JNC7. This classification was applied also to subjects with antihypertensive agents use. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, eGFR, total and HDL cholesterol, smoking habits, and anti-hypertensive medication use, a multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to examine an association and contribution of pre-hypertension and hypertension on the risk of CVE in DM and non DM.

Results: During a mean follow-up period of 5.5 years, 746 subjects developed CVE which was defined as stroke or acute myocardial infarction/sudden cardiac death. In both DM and non DM, the hazard ratios for CVE were increased in pre-hypertensives (HR 1.25, p < 0.05; HR 2.59, p < 0.02, respectively) and in hypertensives (HR 1.82, p < 0.01; HR 3.66, p < 0.01, respectively) in comparison with normotensives. However, the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of pre-hypertension and hypertension were apparently higher in DM (21.5%, 41.2%, respectively), as these were more than double compared to PAFs in non DM (6.7%, 20.3%, respectively).

Conclusions: Approximately two-third of excess CVE attributable to DM is estimated to occur among individuals with elevated BP levels.

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In a cumulative effort to characterize the sizes, shapes, and distributions of the domains of the structurally superior high strength steels, a characteristic magnetization measurement and a Preisach model are presented to explain and model the distinctive trends observed in the data. The study investigates the effect of a constant transverse magnetic field and a cycling longitudinal magnetic field, applied sequentially, on the major hysteresis loop of solid cylinders of high strength steel. A coupled-hysteron vector Preisach model is extended to model the longitudinal magnetization of the samples under the effect of an applied transverse field. Insights about the microstructure of the rods and the contribution of different domains and magnetization mechanisms to the magnetic response are drawn.


Abstract 3248 Background and Purpose: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood hematologic malignancy. Although improvements in treatment regimen have raised the 5-year survival rate as high as 80% for pediatric ALL patients, a minority of patients with various risk factors, including central nervous system (CNS) infiltration continue to have poor prognosis. Recently, bone marrow (BM) microenvironments which support leukemic stem cells have become noticed as an important element which can influence treatment response and relapse of the disease. Although leukemic cells appear to be completely eradicated through treatment, they are thought to survive within bone marrow and/or extramedullary microenvironments, such as CNS, causing disease recurrence. However, little is known about the CNS microenvironment for leukemic cells because of the lack of appropriate animal model. Even though several investigators have tried to establish a CNS infiltrated model of leukemia, major limitation with these studies are the use of leukemic cell lines and the preconditioning of recipient mice, which did not represent CNS leukemia observed in patients. Here we report the establishment of a novel xenograft model for primary human ALL using NOD/SCID/γc null (NOG) mouse. Without irradiation, this model recapitulates CNS as well as extramedullary leukemic infiltration (hereby referred to as the h-leukemic NOG model). Result: Primary bone marrow samples were collected from 9 children with ALL at the time of diagnosis with informed consent. The leukemic cells (1×106cells) were injected into the tail veins of non-irradiated 8- to 10-week old NOG mice. Primary samples from 8 out of 9 patients were successfully engrafted. Engrafted leukemic cells could be serially transplanted into secondary, tertiary and quaternary recipients. Morphological and FACS analyses revealed as high as 95% BM chimerism and showed that blast phenotypes were conserved through serial transplantations. Of note, extramedullary organs including the CNS, liver, spleen, and kidneys showed the leukemic invasion consistent with those of the donor ALL patients. Liver pathology in the h-leukemic NOG model is identical to that seen in the ALL patients. We also showed the existence of a functional niche in the liver mediated by SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. In terms of the CNS involvement, we observed the progressive infiltration of leukemic cells into the Virchow-Robin space that is consistent with the pathology of human ALL patients. Using this model, we examined the mechanism of dissemination and harboring of leukemic cells in the CNS niche. Discussion: NOG mice model for engraftment of human leukemic cells provides useful insights into the biology of ALL and allows us to answer various questions concerning the mechanism of extramedullary invasion and expansion. We have reported that NOG mice have significantly better human hematopoietic cell engraftment in the BM and extramedullary organs than other immunodeficient mice (Hiramatsu H. Blood. 2003), and is capable of supporting the growth of human neoplastic cells (Kato M. Nature. 2009). Here we report that this non-preconditioned mouse xenograft model reproduces leukemic extramedullary involvement, including the CNS, in sustaining leukemic cells. This approach provides a more sophisticated and physiological model suitable for the evaluation of molecular interactions between patient leukemic cells and host niche. Our h-leukemic NOG model will provide a powerful tool to analyze the CNS niche that harbors leukemia initiating cells. Moreover, this model would be a useful platform for developing novel anti-leukemic therapies that target CNS extramedullary niche. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Benign Prostate Hypertrophy is a disease of elderly males. Modern pathy has described many causes and treatment of the disease. Unani pathy too has description of disease and the treatment in its resource books. The description is in different ways. At some places, it has been described in symptomatic form while at other places it has been considered as a disease. The disease has different names in Unani literature like Waram-e-unq-e-masana (swelling of the neck of urinary bladder), Insidad-e-mujra-e-masana (obstruction of the outlet of the urinary bladder) or Symptomatic description. Many causes too has been described regarding the disease. Now it Is confirmed that the disease is because of the hypertrophy of prostate gland. Though the name of the gland is not there, I have enough avidence that the same concept is available in Unani lierature also, As for as the treatment is concerned, there are many single and compoud drugs which are effective in the treatment of the disease. Surgery is the best option among the modern paths for the treatment of the disease. Nevertheless, this is also true that Most of the BPH cases are not the clean cases. Most of them suffer with debilitating disorders; have cardiothoracic complications, lung infections and other problems. It may be risky to operate them. The Best option is there. That is the treatment on Unani pathy guidelines.


This Atlas, of which the concluding part and the index have recently appeared, differs in two essential particulars from others covering much the same ground One, that the plates are reproduced, not from the life, but fr?m the famous series of models by Baretta and Meheux, constantly reCeiving additions, which form such an attractive adjunct to the baint Louis Hospital The other, that the letterpress which accompanies each is n?t merely a description of the picture, but is a carefully elaborated essay from the pen of one or another of the staff, whose wide experience tables them to speak ez cathedra. In a work where such a high and


This paper demonstrates the channels and methods for location prognosis of concealed ore deposits (bodies) in the deep-seated and surrounding districts of productive mines in accordance with their special features. The system frame map is built, from quick exploration in the field to the rapid building of a model indoors. The main research points of location prognosis are also discussed in the paper, which include: 1) integrating the location with the surrounding geological areas, microscopic with macroscopic; 2) analyzing and synthesizing all geological information of different levels, depths and aspects; 3) laying stress on mineralization series; 4) paying attention to the study of the distribution law of ore bodies; 5) introducing the theory of nonlinear dynamics of ore forming processes to ordinary static prognosis; 6) the necessity of the geophysical me- thod in recovering information of concealed ore bodies; 7) the combination of all kinds of geology, geophysics, geochemistry and remote -sensing methods.


Heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) offer high power and linearity for microwave and mixed-signal applications. The large-signal performance of an HBT is frequently limited by the maximum operating current, which is set by thermal considerations. Hence, an accurate determination of the junction temperature in HBT devices and the corresponding microwave/millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs)/DAC is critical to achieving maximum performance while maintaining reliable operation. An original accurate closed-form expression is presented for the thermal resistance of HBT structures from which the maximum junction temperature can be determined. The model's validity is verified by numerical simulations and experimental data. The model agrees with two sets of experimental data to within 2% and 6%. The closed-form solution offers device and MMIC designers a fast assessment of the performance and reliability of devices and circuits. Circuit optimization for required performance can be achieved efficiently.


TRAF2 and TRAF4, members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor‐ associated factor family of intracellular signal transduction proteins, are associated with breast cancer progression and metastasis.


Deposits are at the core of banks' fi nancial intermediation function. By issuing deposits, banks reconcile the wishes of small savers for high liquidity and low risk with the needs of investors, who require stable funding for risky, large, and long term projects. By transforming liquid deposits into long term assets, banks expose themselves to interest rate, credit, and liquidity risks, for which they are remunerated by a typically positive interest rate margin.


The establishment of the system of justifiable defence is related to the rights and interests of victims.However this system ignores consideration of inflicter's side,and neglectes legal right and interests of the inflicter.The law which stands for justice and righteousness should take this into consideration,and perfect this system so as to balance protection and punishment.This paper probes into the unique composing terms of the inverse defence,considers the standpoint of establishing this system,and Bings forward suggestion of legislation.


This article reviews personal security issues on public transport systems in five European cities (Birmingham, Copenhagen, Paris, Stuttgart, and Turin). This selection of cities provided an opportunity to compare and contrast approaches to personal security on different public transport modes. Personal visits to the cities, and observations there, were supplemented by questionnaires to public transport authorities and operators, to find out how far they had addressed personal security issues. The following topics were covered: (1) staffing and policing of a transport system, and customer awareness of them; (2) transport system design and management, including infrastructure improvements, communication/alarm systems, vehicle design, lighting, clean appearance and tidiness; and (3) security provision and quality, including frequency, passenger information and enquiries, and interchange between modes. Most operators saw problems relating to crime as time-specific and geographically based. For new schemes, it is easier to see personal security as part of the design process, and there is more scope to apply new technologies to security. In the West Midland/Birmingham area, responsibilities still need to be resolved. Stability of the public transport network seems to be a key to confidence in the system. Consideration of security should be inherent in the planning, provision and marketing of public transport.


A miniaturized planar UWB patch antenna with semi-circular slot partial ground plane is presented. The overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are 20*25*1.6 cubic-millimeter. The substrate used is FR-4 (flame retardant) having a loss tangent of 0.025 with a dielectric constant of 4.29. The fractional bandwidth (S11) of the structure is 155 % (2.50-20 GHz). The peak gain and antenna efficiency are 6.1dB and 83% respectively, both of which are achieved in the operational frequency range of the antenna. Antenna radiated Omni-directional and Bi-directional radiation pattern. The stable Omni-directional and Bi-directional Co-polarization are noticed with a good agreement of cross(X)-polarization. The proposed antenna covers the complete frequency range of UWB applications, which includes WiMax band at 3.5/5.5GHz, WLAN band at 5.2/5.8GHz, X-band of 8-12GHz, mainly used in satellite and wireless communication.


Utilising multivariate techniques the study investigates the relationship between new macroeconomic information and weekly Australian equity returns and tests the joint hypothesis of market efficiency and constant equilibrium expected equity returns (or constant risk premium). The joint hypothesis is strongly rejected for the 1978–1981 sample period. On the other hand, Australian equity returns are found to be significantly positively related to U.S. equity returns, growth of the monetary base, and the rate of change of the US$/A$ exchange rate.


Yang Qiong was an important and controversial figure in China's academic history.The paper discusses his so-called fortune—his great success in career;and his misfortune—his sufferings in lifetime and disapproval after his death.The researcher in the paper shows understandings and sympathies to him out of respect for history only instead of a township bias.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the relationship between positioning strategies and bases of segmentation in international markets.Design/methodology/approach – A principal component analysis was conducted to determine the major macro‐ as well as micro‐bases of segmentation that are linked with strategic positioning decision options. Further, a regression analysis was used to examine the effect of each of the segmentation bases on the different strategic positioning options used by segmentation managers.Findings – This study suggests the combined use of both macro‐ and micro‐bases of segmentation in order to leverage similar strategic positioning across global markets. However, micro‐bases of segmentation are suggested for firms seeking differential positioning strategies.Research limitations/implications – The conceptual and empirical findings of this study pave the way for embarking on promising and relevant future research that is needed to substantiate and enrich the acad...


The co-infection of PRRSV(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) and PCV-2(porcine circovirus type 2) is common in pigs and causes significant economical losses to the swine industry worldwide.A reliable method to simultaneously detect these two viruses is demanded.Based on the whole genome sequences of PRRSV North America strains(PRRSV-I),PRRSV European strains(PRRSV-II),PCV-2 deposited in the GenBank,three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify the respective genes.A multiplex PCR were then developed and optimized to detect the PRRSV-I,PRRSV-II and PCV-2.The whole procedure can be completed within 24 hours.Results have shown that this method is highly specific,sensitive,efficient and cost-effective.These features have made it suitable for quick analysis and characterization of a large quantity of samples.


Online editing is FCKeditor's main capacity which is introduced as an open source software. Its operating method is mostly like Word. Then,we discuss how to integrate FCKeditor into your Web application system and accomplish online publishing . An example of ASP.NET is given.


The Tinker dicta that students and teachers do not lose their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate is at the center of almost every case that examines the First or Fourth Amendment rights of these individuals. Yet, the clear trajectory of modern appellate decisions is to favor a highly controlled school environment over one that fosters freedoms of expression or privacy. This Article explores the paradox between the rhetoric and the actual outcomes in school cases — outcomes that consistently subordinate liberty to state control. Through Tinker and its progeny, the Court has vastly constricted student rights based on the need for administrators to maintain order in schools. Based on this constriction, lower federal courts now restrict the rights of teachers in ways that often go beyond the limits placed on the children with whose care they are entrusted. This is accomplished by incorrectly analogizing teachers to students or by superimposing standards for other governmental employees onto teachers without recognizing the special nature of the educative process. The effect of this judicial cabining of students and teachers' rights has been a diminution in educational outcomes. Students do not learn the value of dissent or autonomy, accepting as the norm these infringements on their constitutional rights. Teachers must endure overly constrictive curtailments of their speech and privacy rights, which negatively impact the pedagogical dynamics of their professions. The significance of this trend is that it not only has a chilling effect on learning, but it also conditions the citizenry from youth to accept restrictions on speech and to acquiesce to government surveillance. Because schools are to serve as laboratories for democratic engagement, courts should renew their attention to the infringement creep in this area of jurisprudence and the negative effects it engenders.