The occurrence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the environment, due to their incomplete removal at the sewage treatment plants (STPs), has been welldocumented since the mid1990s. The possible adverse effects to unintentionally exposed organisms preoccupy, nowadays, the scientific community. Since a broad range of APIs is used and consequently released into the environment and each API is subjected to continuous biotic and abiotic transformation, APIs are present in the environment as multi-component mixtures. This dissertation is among the first research efforts to investigate the effects of multi-component mixtures of APIs to biological systems. In the framework of this study a battery assay was developed for the investigation of acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, biodegradability and estrogenicity. Ten different bioassays using organisms from the trophic levels of producers, consumers and decomposers were evaluated. Namely, the bioassays were the Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Lepidium sativum chronic toxicity tests, the Daphnia magna and Artemia salina acute toxicity tests, the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome genotoxicity test, the Vibrio fischeri acute and chronic toxicity tests, the Pseudomonas putida chronic toxicity test, the Closed Bottle biodegradability test and the yeast estrogen screen. Three underlining objectives were set to fulfill the purpose of this dissertation. The first was to investigate the effects of wastewater to the battery assay. Physicochemical parameters were monitored in parallel. The weak correlations between the physicochemical parameters and the results obtained from the assessment of the effects indicate that the "traditional" parameters are not sufficient to explain the toxicity observed mainly during summer periods. A hazard classification identified freshwater microorganisms to be the most affected. A clustering approach demonstrated that the quality of the wastewater of each STP is different due to significant difference between the values of the physicochemical parameters investigated. The second objective was to assess the effects of APIs. Eight APIs were investigated namely, atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol, diclofenac, ibuprofen, erythromycin, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole. These APIs were selected due to their occurrence at higher concentrations in wastewater of Cyprus. The APIs were assessed as single compounds and in various combinations using selected bioassays from the battery assay. A risk characterization approach identified propranolol and ofloxacin as having significant risk for algae and bacteria, respectively. The Chou-Talalay method was applied to quantify the predominantly antagonistic effects of mixtures. No acute effects were found from the exposure to the investigated mixtures of APIs. Wastewater was found to decrease the toxicity of the APIs, suggesting that in a multicomponent mixture, both stimulating and inhibiting substances, co-exist and potentially interact. The third objective was to increase our understanding on the effects of transformation products of APIs. The photolytic and photocatalytic treatment of photolabile APIs, like ofloxacin, may result to a reduction of the concentration of the parent compound and, at the same time, to the formation of oxidation by-products, with different characteristics. These transformation products were identified through advanced chromatographic analysis. During the treatment applied, the byproducts formed led to a decrease of the chronic toxicity and an increase of the genotoxicity. The biodegradation of the by-products formed was very low and improved in the presence of sodium acetate, probably due to a co-metabolic process, which is well worth investigating in future studies. To conclude, it is hoped that this research will provide assistance to governmental departments and other organizations dealing with pharmaceuticals in the environment.


Individuals vary in the degree to which they are representative, or typical, of their social groups. To investigate the effects of atypicality on intergroup attitudes, elementary-school-age children (N = 97) attending a summer school program were assigned to novel color groups that included typical (blue or green) and atypical (light blue or light green) members. Children's state self-esteem, ingroup identification, and intergroup attitudes (e.g., trait ratings, evaluations, peer preferences) were assessed following several weeks in the classroom. Results indicated that atypicality primarily affected children's views of their ingroup. Among younger (but not older) children, atypical group members viewed themselves as more similar to—but less happy being a member of—their ingroup than typical group members. Physical Atypicality 1 Effects Of Physical Atypicality On Children's Social Identities And Intergroup Attitudes Individual members of social groups (e.g., gender, racial, ethnic groups) vary in the degree to which they are typical, or representative, of their groups. Individuals may have preferences (e.g., activity interests), behaviors (e.g., speech patterns), or physical characteristics (e.g., height) that are typical or atypical of the members of their group. So, for example, African American children may have skin coloring that is common or unusual for their racial group; girls may have toy preferences that are common or unusual for their gender. What effect might a child's status as a typical versus atypical group member have on his or her self-perceptions and intergroup attitudes? Despite the important theoretical and applied implications of the answer, little developmental research has addressed this question. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to experimentally manipulate children's status as typical versus atypical members of novel social groups ("green" and "blue" groups, marked by colored t-shirts) and examine the possible consequent effects on their views of themselves, their peers, and the novel social groups. Forms of Atypicality There are several important conceptual distinctions to draw among forms of atypicality. The first important distinction is between physical and psychological atypicality. An individual might differ from his or her social group with respect to some perceptually discriminable characteristic that is correlated with group membership. One might, for example, be unusually tall for a woman. On the other hand, individuals might differ from their group with respect to some internal, or non-observable, attribute. One might, for example, be an exceptionally mathematically gifted woman. The majority of existing research on atypicality concerns psychological or non-observable (rather than physical) attributes and has been conducted with adults rather than children (Hogg, Hardie, & Reynolds, 1995; Jetten, Branscombe, & Spears, 2002; Jetten, Spears, & Manstead, 2001; Pickett, Bonner, & Coleman, 2002; Roccas & Schwartz, 1993). Non-observable attributes are likely to have received greater attention than observable attributes, in part, because of the greater ease of manipulating psychological atypicality. For example, in a typical paradigm, researchers inform participants that their Physical Atypicality 2 values or attitudes are unusual among their peer group (e.g., Pickett et al., 2002). Although the results of such studies (described below) informed our own work, the present study focuses on the consequences of physical atypicality. We chose to focus on physical atypicality because children have a tendency to focus on physical rather than psychological aspects of persons (Livesley & Bromley, 1976; Piaget, 2000) and because anecdotal evidence indicates that children are teased for having physical characteristics that set them apart from their group (Olweus, 1992; Sweeting & West, 2001). In addition, we hoped to relate the results of this study to our broader research program, which concerns the effects of membership in perceptually discriminable groups (e.g., racial and gender groups) on children's development (Bigler, 1995; Bigler, Jones, & Lobliner, 1997; Bigler & Liben, 2006; Patterson & Bigler, 2006). A second important conceptual distinction is between objective and perceived atypicality. Some forms of atypicality (e.g., height) can be assessed and compared to group norms, allowing an objective computation of deviation. For example, Kreiger (2005, April) collected data about the activity preferences of male and female elementary-school-age children. He then identified children whose activity preferences were unusual for their gender group and examined various possible correlates of genderatypical activity preferences. It is also possible, however, for individuals to have a subjective experience of themselves as typical (or not) of their group that may—or may not—be related to objective indices (e.g., women with high numbers of masculine qualities might nonetheless perceive themselves as typically feminine; see Spence, 1984). The majority of available evidence concerning typicality stems from studies of perceived typicality. That is, researchers typically manipulate participants' perceptions of their typicality rather than participants' actual physical or psychological characteristics (e.g., Jetten et al., 2002; Pickett & Brewer, 2001; Pickett et al., 2002). In this study, we directly manipulated an objective index of typicality by assigning a small number of children in each of the two color groups ("greens" and "blues") to receive an atypical shirt color. In addition, we assessed children's perceptions of similarity to their ingroup and outgroup, thereby allowing us evaluate whether objective atypicality leads children to develop a subjective sense of difference from their ingroup. Physical Atypicality 3 A third important conceptual distinction concerns the direction of atypicality. An individual group member may differ from typical ingroup members in a way that brings him or her either closer to, or further from, a contrasting outgroup. So, for example, an African American child might be atypical as a result of being either darkeror lighter-complexioned than his or her African American peers, with the latter placing the child closer in perceptual similarity to European Americans. Most existing research has examined the consequences of possessing characteristics that make one more similar to a targeted outgroup (e.g., Pickett & Brewer, 2001), in part because this condition is thought to threaten the psychological need for intergroup differentiation (Brewer, 2001). Following this tradition, we manipulated atypicality by creating a subgroups within each novel color group that were more—rather than less—similar to the contrasting outgroup. Outcomes of Atypicality Although atypicality is likely to affect a wide variety of social process and developmental outcomes, we focused on four primary outcomes: (a) affective reactions to the intraand intergroup context, (b) ingroup identification, (c) intergroup bias, and (d) intragroup (i.e., typicality) bias. The social psychological literature has examined some of these outcomes and, when relevant, we drew on those studies to form hypotheses. Few studies have examined children's affective responses to atypicality, although anecdotal reports indicate that children often loathe being different from their peers in their clothing or hairstyles. Although little research has examined individuals' emotional reactions to manipulations of typicality, some work within social psychology has examined the effects of being a marginal group member. Moreland and Levine (1989), for example, examined the effects of believing oneself to be a new member of an established group. They report that group members who believed themselves to be new (and thus in some way atypical) showed more anxiety and less confidence than individuals who were not told that they were entering an established group (Moreland & Levine, 1989). In a related body of work with children, several authors have reported that self-perceived gender typicality relates to psychological adjustment (Egan & Perry, 2001; Smith & Leaper, 2006), with those children who report being more typical showing Physical Atypicality 4 higher self-esteem than those children who report being atypical. In addition, some evolutionary theorists have argued that a sense of group belongingness is central to human psychological functioning (Fishbein, 2002) and that identities that fail to support a sense of belongingness are associated with dysfunctional outcomes. In order to examine children's affective reactions to atypicality, we asked children to complete a state self-esteem scale (Heatherton & Polivy, 1991). We expected such a measure to be sensitive to effects of atypicality within the classroom on children's transitory perceptions of their self-worth and personal competence. We expected that children who were assigned typical status in their color groups would show higher levels of state self-esteem than their atypical peers. A good deal of theoretical and empirical work within social psychology has examined the effects of typicality on ingroup identification. Brewer (2001) proposed a theoretical model aimed at explaining the motivational biases that drive social identification and intergroup attitudes. She argued that individuals seek simultaneously to maximize group assimilation and differentiation, achieving a level of "optimal distinctiveness." As a consequence, she argued, individuals identify most strongly with, and are most loyal to, those groups that provide a sense of similarity to and difference from others. Individuals who subjectively experience self-categorization that is too individuated, including individuals who are, or feel, atypical of their ingroup, are expected to maximize their ingroup identification. Support for Brewer's model comes from studies that manipulate adults' sense of typic


In a 14‐month period, 409 women with singleton gestations referred for perinatal ultrasound consultation underwent evaluation of the fetal cardiac axis. Cardiac and intrathoracic anomalies were confirmed either by neonatal echocardiography or autopsy. Overall, 32 fetuses had an abnormal axis (nine, smaller axis than normal; 23, larger axis than normal). Of the 29 found to have cardiac (n = 24) or intrathoracic (n = 5) anomalies, 23 had an abnormal axis. The median cardiac axis of the normal group (44.0°) was significantly smaller than that of the cardiac/intrathoracic anomaly group (60.0°) (p = 0.002). The cardiac axis was independent of gestational age. The mean interobserver variation was 1.3 ± 1.8°. The sensitivity of an abnormal axis (< 28° or > 59°) in detecting congenital heart disease or intrathoracic anomalies was 23/29 (79.3%), with specificity of 371/380 (97.5%), positive predictive value of 23/32 (71.9%), and negative predictive value of 371/377 (98.4%). Of those with a cardiac anomaly and an abnormal axis (n = 18), five were felt to have an initial normal four‐chamber view. An abnormal fetal cardiac axis, either larger or smaller than normal, is suggestive of a cardiac or intrathoracic anomaly and requires further investigation, such as fetal echocardiography. The cardiac axis should be considered with the four‐chamber view in fetal ultrasound evaluation. Copyright © 1997 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology


Experiments were conducted to develop the fruit jelly using various level of guava extract and carrot juice content Viz. ,75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. The prepared fruit jelly filled in jars was labeled and stored at room temperature upto 90 days to determine the physico-chemical and sensory quality attributes. Evaluation for fresh as well as stored samples was done at an interval of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days of storage at room temperature (37 degreesC). The maximum overall acceptability score for the fresh product prepared with the amount of guava extract and carrot juice level of 75:25 was awarded as 7.8 (like moderately). It was concluded that fruit jelly prepared with guava extract and carrot juice ratio of 75:25 was found to be superior to those prepared with other ratios.In general ,there was decrease in most of physico-chemical and sensory qualities during the storage.


The authors employ a recent model studied by Glauber (1991) for particle trapping by oscillating fields and a time-dependent canonical transformation to investigate the generation of squeezing effects for this system.


According to the cold drink sanitation standard,postive numbers of examination for yeast method coliform bacteria were colorimetric analyzed by means of a lot fact examination datas. The proposal that the method of two steps or one step replaced the usual three steps was raised and discussed.


A novel readout circuit for interfacing single element resistive sensors is presented in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on a new relaxation oscillator (RO). The RO, along with a timer counter provides a digital output proportional to the resistance of the sensor. The output characteristic of most of the existing readout circuits for resistive sensors suffers from gain, offset, and nonlinearity errors. The sources of errors include various nonideal circuit parameters and their drift. The output of the proposed readout circuit has a special feature that it is not a function of the circuit parameters such as: 1) offset voltages of the opamps and comparators; 2) bias currents of the opamps and comparators; 3) gain of various units employed; 4) ON-resistance of the switches; 5) value or mismatch in the magnitudes of the reference voltages employed; 6) delay of the switches and comparator; 7) leakage current of the switch; and 8) slew rate of the opamp. Such a scheme will be useful for high accuracy measurements, even when the parameters 1)–8) may vary or drift, due to variation in the measurement environment. A prototype of the proposed readout scheme has been developed in the laboratory and the performance has been evaluated under various conditions. The output was found to be linear with a worst-case nonlinearity of 0.05%. Test results from a prototype developed show that the proposed scheme possesses all the features, described above, as expected.


We consider harmonic functions with respect to the operator formula math Under suitable conditions on n(x,h) we establish a Harnack inequality for functions that are nonnegative and harmonic in a domain. The operator L is allowed to be anisotropic and of variable order.


Based on studying the conventional QRD-M algorithm for Multi-Input-Multi-Output(MIMO) signal detection,an improved QR-Decomposition-based M detection(QRD-M) algorithm is proposed.Through arranging accumulative measurement of branches and setting termination threshold,the number of branches searched decreases in the proposed algorithm reasonably.Simulation results manifest that when SNR is 10 dB,the scheme of modulation is 16QAM and using 4×4 antenna configurations,the improved algorithm can get 30% reduction in computational complexity compared with the conventional QRD-M algorithm without losing detection performance.


The investigations of Ni- MH batteries are very extensive now-a-days. The negative electrode materials of these batteries are reversible hydrogen absorbing alloys. The AB 4 . 9 (A=Mm,La,Ti; B=Ni,Co,Al,Mo) type alloy is oneamong them, because of its avid amenability towards material tailoring for improved and better electrochemical properties. Much research is being conducted on the influence of very small amounts of metals replacing Mm and Ni in intermetallics of MmNi 5 type on absorption capacity, hydride phases dissociation pressure, and cycle life which are important factors that decide the performance of the battery. The development of an alloy with lower cobalt contents for making an hydride electrode having in electrochemical capacity not less than 300mAh/g and long cycle life was attempted. Some of the compositions studied correspond to: La 0 . 2 Mm 0 . 8 Ni 3 . 7 Al 0 . 3 8 Co 0 . 3 Mn 0 . 4 Mo 0 . 0 2 and La 0 . 2 Mm 0 . 7 5 Ti 0 . 0 5 Ni 3 . 7 Al 0 . 3 8 Co 0 . 3 Mn 0 . 4 Mo 0 . 0 2 The electrochemical investigations of these alloys are presented.


Referee #1 [General comment] Sun et al., performed a comprehensive evaluation of the nutrient-enabled version of the ORCHIDEE model (ORCHIDEE-CNP). The evaluations were made for biosphere carbon fluxes, N and P cycles, leaf and soil conditions and plant resource use efficiencies. Based on this, the authors were able to provide clear recommendations for future development. The extensive set of observational data that the authors use, together with the evaluation of different metrics is very powerful. The work provides a complete picture of the model performance. My main concern, however, is that due to the comprehensiveness of the work it is at the same time difficult to grasp the main messages when reading the results and discussion section. When I read the manuscript for the first time I was overwhelmed by all the


It is widely known that carbon emissions from the transport sector in Europe are ever-rising, while emissions from other sectors (industry, homes etc) are now regulated and gradually being brought under control. Here, Dudley Curtis of the European Federation for Transport and Environment looks at road transport and aviation in particular, and details measures that could - and should - be taken to start the process of controlling transport emissions.


The adsorption and inhibitive efficacy of E ugenia jambolana fruit peel (EJFP) extract on zinc in 1n hydrochloric acid with various exposure time (24 to 360hrs) and temperature (303 to 323k) are investiga ted by mass loss measurements. The value of inhibition efficiency is increased wit h increase of inhibitor concentration and decreased with increase of exposure time. In te mperature studies the percentage of inhibition efficiency is increased with rise in temperature is suggestive of chemisorption process. The inhibitor obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of activation energy ( ∆Ea), free energy of adsorption ( ∆G ads ), heat of adsorption (Qads ), enthalpy of adsorption ( ∆H) and entropy of adsorption ( ∆S) were calculated. The alcoholic extract of inhibitor and corrosion products formed on the metal surface is characterized by UV, FT-IR and XRD spectral studies.


To germinated varieties of cowpea, Oraludi (OR) and akidi ani (AK), pigeon pea (PP), and bambarra goundnut (BG) were combined with sprouted yellow corn in various blends to evaluate their nutritive quality in young rats. The blends possessed acceptable characteristics similar to blends already tested and developed in this laboratory as the sole source of nutrients for infants or supplements for adults


The optimization of the extraction process the Ganoderma lucidum polyscaccharides(GLP) was studied.The microwave method under slightly alkaline medium was employed and a single factor analysis and an orthogonal test were used in the study.The order of the effects of the factors influencing the extraction was as follow: extraction time,pH,the mass ratio between G.lucidum and water,presoak time.The optimum condition was: presoak for 1.5 h,extract for 15 min,the mass ratio of G.lucidum and water 1∶110,pH 8.0 and extracted twice.GLP extraction rate of 3.200%,the result indicated that the method can significantly improve the rate of extraction of GLP.


BACKGROUND
PCI is increasingly performed in patients with ULMCA disease. The efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stents in ULMCA disease have been reported.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the early and mid-term clinical outcome of the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) with Drug-Eluting stent (DES) in unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease patients.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
PCI with DES was performed with 90 consecutive patients having ULMCA disease between January 2006 and June 2009.

RESULTS
At a median follow-up of 22.8 +/- 12.2 months, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) occurred in 11 (12.2%) patients. There were seven (7.8%) deaths including two (2.2%) cardiac deaths and five (5.6%) non-cardiac deaths. There was one MI (1.1%), and four (4.4%) target vessel revascularization. Restenosis in the left main occurred only in two patients (2.2%) and definite stent thrombosis occurred in two patients (2.2%).

CONCLUSION
The present study demonstrates that PCI with Drug-Eluting stent implantation in unprotected left main coronary artery disease is a safe form of treatment and has favorable outcomes.


Objective: The study was conducted with the aim of determining the professional self-esteem levels of undergraduate nursing students and influential factors. Method: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 169 students who were enrolled in the Undergraduate Nursing Degree of the Faculty of Health Sciences at a foundation university located in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the Fall semester of the academic year of 2016-2017. The data in the study were collected by a "Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire Form" and the "Aricak Personal Self-esteem Inventory". The data were evaluated by being coded in the SPSS 20 package program. The data obtained were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis H Test. Results: In the study that was conducted, the mean score of the students in the Aricak Personal Self-esteem Inventory was found as 112.09±22.76 (min=56.00 max=150.00). Professional self-esteem levels were found higher among the male students, those with lower numbers of siblings, those who preferred the profession in the first ranks, those who preferred the profession because they liked it and those who were satisfied with their academic life. Conclusion: In the light of these results, it is believed that it would be beneficial for nursing students to make their choices consciously and be supported to choose a suitable profession to their interests and talents. It is also recommended to conduct qualitative studies where self-esteem is examined based on gender.


This letter proposes a simplification to the circuit presented by M. Rehman et al. in "A Self-Balancing Bridge for In-Circuit Resistance Measurement" published in the November 1985 issue of the PROCEEDINGS.


In this guided-inquiry activity, students investigate the ionization of strong and weak acids. Bead models are used to study acid ionization on a particulate level. Students analyze seven strong and weak acid models and make generalizations about the relationship between acid strength and dissociation.


There exist considerable literatures on the vascular changes by tolerance dose or over tolerance dose irradiation, but little work has been done to study the effect of under tolerance dose irradiation on capillary changes. The purpose of this study was to observe capillary changes in the periosteum of rats after Co60 irradiation. The vascularity of the periosteum was observed with vascular resin casts and scanning electron microscope at 3 days to 30 weeks after the heads were exposed to 10 Gy or 20 Gy of Co60γray.The results were as follows:1. In rats irradiated with 10 Gy.Leakage of resin from the fine blood vessels was observed at 3 weeks. Decrease in the diameter of small blood vessels and decrease of capillary networks were observed at 5 weeks. These changes improved at 7 weeks.2. In rats irradiated with 20 GyLeakage of resin and decrease in the diameter of the small blood vessels were observed at 2 weeks. The number of small blood vessels was decreased at 4 weeks. These changes improved at 7 weeks.


Consideration is given to the method of the geometric addition of forces over the most stressed slip surface in estimation of open-pit slope stability. The limits of its application are defined.


This study shows that the osteogenic abilities of calcium silicate based coatings can be improved through nanotopographical surface modifications and the addition of bioactive trace elements. CaSiO3 powders were deposited on titanium substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying and the topography and composition of the resulting coatings were modified by hydrothermal treatments in deionized water and in aqueous solutions of Sr(NO3)2. Bone marrow stem cells were cultured on treated and untreated coatings. The cells spread further on treated surfaces and were found to be relatively larger in size than the cells on untreated surfaces. Calcium silicate coatings treated in the strontium-containing solution showed the best overall improvement in terms of bone cell growth and differentiation.


The Kuomintang-Communist Cooperation Declaration was drafted by Premier Zhou Enlai on July 2,1937,not July 4.Therefore we are not sure whether it was submitted to Chiang Kai-shek on July 15.The declaration should have been published earlier,but Chiang delayed publishing the declaration.It was the increasingly intensifying invasion of Japanese army and the signing of Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact that pushed him to publish it.After that,the leaders of both Communist Party and KMT made important speeches and generated positive social influence.


Summary PJM operates the transmission system with the generation capacity of 164, 000 MW, and the peak load of 145, 000 MW as part of the East Interconnection of US. With the great increase of renewable resources, such as Wind, Solar, Battery, PHV, etc. in the PJM power grid, the conventional generator control and dispatch approach became more and more difficult because of the issues and challenges of uncertainties and new modeling. Facing the issues and challenges, a new look-ahead multi-time frame generator control and dispatch (GCA) method was developed and the GCA software system was installed in the PJM real time system to determine the optimal dispatch solutions for each generator. Every five minutes, PJM GCA system provides dispatch solutions for 20 minutes, one hour, two hours and four hours time ahead. The analysis of dispatch solutions and impact of PJM energy markets will be presented in details. The further development of the GCA will be discussed in the presentation, such as the different optimization of technologies being used in the different time frame to handle the uncertainties and stochastic behaviors of renewable generations.


Abstract The effects of environmental calcium (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L) on production and selected blood characteristics of sunshine bass (female white bass Morone chrysops × male striped bass M. saxatilis) under normal culture conditions were investigated in two 6-week trials. Environmental calcium had no significant effects on growth, food conversion, condition factor, hematocrit, plasma osmolality, or plasma calcium concentrations. Previous studies have indicated that environmental calcium is advantageous under stressful conditions; however, this study indicated that elevated calcium levels offer no advantages during apparently nonstressful periods.


This Fact Sheet highlights how life insurers work with employers to create retirement savings options for workers and provide them with access to lifetime income in retirement.


In a review of the current literature assesses the recently discovered phenomenon and the toxicity of anesthetics in the developing child brain. The ways of diagnostics of morphological and functional abnormalities of brain activity in children. Provides indisputable data on the possibility of this type of interactions taking into account the mechanism of action of anesthetics. Comparative characteristics of strength toxic effects on children's brain different types of inhalation and non-inhalation anesthetics. There is a comparison of the degree of toxic impact on the brain at single and repeated exposure of anesthesia. Emphasizes the lack of information and especially objective data visualization of degenerative changes in children's brain due to ethical constraints and the impossibility of obtaining samples for biopsy. The conclusion about the appropriateness of expectant surgical tactics in the absence of urgent indications for surgical intervention to 4 years of a child's life. Also, our patients need more researches in this direction.


AIMS
Even among those at risk for problematic alcohol use, there is variability in developmental trajectories of drinking and related problems. This prospective study examined the role of person-environment interactions in increased drinking during the transition to college.

DESIGN
The authors followed a sample of recent high school graduates to test whether protective environmental factors could delay increases in drinking among those high in trait-level risk factors.

SETTING
Participants completed web-based surveys.

PARTICIPANTS
A sample of 1784 students in the incoming class of 2004 at a large public United States university completed high school and first-semester-of-college assessments.

MEASUREMENTS
Participants completed self-report measures of alcohol use, alcohol-related problems, perceived awareness and caring from parents and other adults, sensation seeking and impulsivity.

FINDINGS
In the transition to college, high sensation seekers from more protective high school parental environments increased their alcohol use and problems more than did other students. Increases in alcohol problems were also high among more impulsive students from less protective environments. Whereas high sensation seekers drank equivalently in college regardless of high school-perceived awareness and caring, those who had greater high school-perceived awareness and caring did not experience as many alcohol-related problems in college.

CONCLUSIONS
Differences in drinking trajectories may be a function of person-environment interactions. Risk associated with high sensation seeking may be masked among adolescents in protective environments, but its emergence in the college transition predicts increases in alcohol use and related problems.


To find out people's opinions about student exchange, this research was made to find out by taking a data set from Twitter with a machine learning calculation within the form of Tweepy and after that handling it with TextBlob. TextBlob is one of the libraries in python 2 and python 3 which is used to process textual data. After getting the results, it is expected to use the data to help the community know what student exchange is and its benefits. Social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.) these days can be utilized for analysing the objects, e.g. political sees, items, administrations, etc. Social media is widely used at this time and we choose twitter because twitter is a social media application that is popular in the world and indeed a lot of research using twitter. Twitter had become the third-highest social organization in January 2009 from its previous position of twenty-two. Currently, more than 500 million selected clients in 2012, generating more than 340 million tweets. The conclusion is that there are still many people who do not know what student exchange is as much as 22% and 54% consider student exchange to be negative because they do not know the benefits of student exchange. Positive knowledge about student exchange is only 24%, this will support further research of creating a knowledge management system on student exchange. So hopefully that many people are interested in joining the student exchange program.


Implementation of Principles of Green Chemistry in teaching chemistry can become an essential approach to enhance students' awareness of the environmental problem. In contrast with the goal of sustainability, chemistry practicum normally deals with chemicals and waste management which contribute to environmental problem. A shift toward more sustainable and economical experiments is essential to maintain the existence of the practicum in the senior high curriculum. Small Scale Chemistry (SSC) practicum is one of the approaches to promote sustainability in chemistry practicum by using smaller scale and safer apparatus. It is expected to produce less waste. It is also safer and more economical chemistry experiment. This research aims to study the integration of principles of green chemistry in chemistry practicum by using SSC experiment. This study investigates two main topics in senior high school chemistry subject: electrochemistry and acid-base indicator. This study has shown the practice of integration of the principles of green chemistry approach into senior high school chemistry practicum through SSC. The experiments demonstrated in this study enable us to integrate Principles of Green Chemistry in terms of preventing waste, using less hazardous chemical, and conducting safer experiments which can be implemented in senior high school chemistry practicum.


The principles,applications and control techniques of Fiber Hydrophones have been introduced,and the reseacher situations of Fiber Hydrophones have been discussed too,it is benefit to know the Fiber Hydrophones and its development.


INTRODUCTION: In the last years, there have been reports of abnormalities in brain blood flow of cocaine abusers, detected by single photon computed emission tomography (SPECT). This abnormal pattern of brain perfusion has been associated with cognitive impairments but not with changes that could be seen by the use of structural neuroimaging techniques. One of the problems with most of the published papers on the subject is the inclusion of a large number of heroin users in the studied samples. Heroin also seems to affect the pattern of brain perfusion, particularly during withdrawal states. METHODS: Fourteen cocaine-dependent inpatients (none of them under the use of opiates) and 14 healthy volunteers (control group) were submitted to 99m-technetium ethyl-cysteinate dimer SPECT. The analysis of SPECT exams was made by visual qualitative analysis of the reconstructed images (standard method in clinical practice), performed by a radiologist unaware of the subjects' diagnoses. RESULTS: Visual analysis showed a pattern suggestive of irregularities in the cerebral blood flow in nine patients, but in only two controls (p = 0.018; two tailed Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal brain circulation may be related to cognitive impairments reported in cocaine dependent subjects. Although brain perfusion deficits associated with cocaine use may be irreversible, there have been reports in the literature of treatments for these blood flow changes. There are abnormalities in the cerebral blood flow associated with cocaine dependence even in the absence of opiate abuse or dependence.


This paper examines the motivations and contexts for China's highly educated, financially independent single urban women to willingly participate in parental matchmaking. Based on the analysis of two rounds of in-depth interviews with 25 never-married women in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, we find that their participation in parental matchmaking is best understood as an intergenerational alliance formed to mitigate perceived insecurities. Neo-familism, state-endorsed stigmatization and discriminatory polices explain why parents and daughters both prioritize socio-economic security in mate selection. However, the benefits of this inter-generational collaboration are doubtful and asymmetrical, more beneficial to parents than daughters. We contribute to the literature by specifying how state-promoted discourses, neo-familism and women's lived experiences explain their participation in parental matchmaking.


Whereas that small producers in the municipality of Carlinda (Brazil) whose main economic activity milk production and also whereas bovine mastitis is shown as one of causes of drop in milk production and impairment of the herd, the aim of this study was to identify the incidence, prevalence and causes of the occurrence of bovine mastitis in the city of Carlinda, northern Mato Grosso State (Brazil). The study was conducted in 8 properties 4 with mechanical milking and 4 with manual milking. It used the CMT (California Mastitis Test). The collected sample was mixed and homogenized with the reagent and read after 10 seconds. The result was rated as negative (0), positive ranging from traces (light gel formation) to weakly positive (+), positive reaction (++) and strong positive reaction (+++).It was observed that 87.5% of the dairy herd that community


This paper examines the issue of using past economic performance to benchmark transfer prices in advance pricing agreements (APAs) and explores methods that allow transfer prices to reflect current economic performance. The paper applies these methods to the electronics industry and finds that capacity utilization provides a much better proxy for current economic performance than does the typical interquartile range of profits of comparable companies generated over some historic interval prior to the APA. While taxpayers who benchmark results on capacity utilization lose the certainty of a fixed range, they gain by allowing transfer prices to reflect changing economic conditions.


To illustrate the problem of parameter estimation three virtual reality multi step outflow experiments are created using three sand columns with different strongly heterogeneous soil structures. A homogeneous model is then used to model the water flow in the columns. In the first part of the contribution it is shown how inconsistent a MCMC calibration can be if measurements used for the calibration do not cover a representative volume of the structure. In the second part, three different external error models for the observations that allow for a calibration that acknowledge soil structure is implemented and tested. The three error models used are all variable in space but constant in time and the difference between them is the amount of prior information required about the soil structure, ranging from only an idea about percentages of materials to a fairly good idea of the full subsurface structure. The results indicate that the use of an error model can increase the consistency of the resulting model parameters. If a fair estimate of the soil structure is available, the result is at its best, with fairly short calibration times and consistent result independent of where the measurements are taken. If no additional information is available the result is still improving compared to the cases without error model, but the cost is a large increase in calibration time to reach a convergence of the MCMC algorithm. The result could be useful when calibrating large scale models where only local data is available.


[1] High ozone concentrations, combined with low humidity and strong, persistent glacier winds, were found at the surface of Rongbuk Valley, north of Mount Everest, with sharply increased ozone concentrations in their vertical profiles. Glacier winds and their roles in vertical exchange of the atmosphere were investigated numerically to understand the phenomena. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model was used to carry out numerical experiments (forward-in-time simulations) and footprint analysis (backward-in-time simulations). The meteorological data inputs for these experiments were derived from the Advanced Regional Prediction System. Results showed that glacier winds may lead to significant downward transport of 1.5–2 km during the daytime from the northern slopes of Mount Everest. Glacier winds could advance down through the valley, with strong upward motions shown as a rolling up in front of their leading edge. Combining with upslope winds at two sidewalls of the valley or up-valley winds of tributaries, the lifting flows produced strong mixing of the atmosphere to a depth of approximately 3 km. Three-dimensional footprints derived from the particle dispersion model for the observational site, Rongbuk Monastery, clearly show influence from the mountainside of Mount Everest and from the southern part of the valley. The vertical extension of influence was as much as 2–3 km. Good correlation was found between the influence height and the ozone concentration. All the simulation results strongly indicate that the glacier winds and their related vertical exchange processes "pump down" ozone-rich air from upper levels to the surface of the valley.


THE DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC AND LEGAL RIGHTS What are property rights? The term "property rights" carries two distinct meanings in the economic literature. One, primarily developed by Alchian (1965, 1987) and Cheung (1969), is essentially the ability to enjoy a piece of property. The other, much more prevalent and much older, is essentially what the state assigns to a person. I designate the first "economic (property) rights" and the second "legal (property) rights." Economic rights are the end (that is, what people ultimately seek), whereas legal rights are the means to achieve the end. In this book I am concerned primarily with economic rights. Legal rights play a primarily supporting role – a very prominent one, however, for they are easier to observe than economic rights. I define the economic property rights an individual has over a commodity (or an asset) to be the individual's ability, in expected terms, to consume the good (or the services of the asset) directly or to consume it indirectly through exchange. According to this definition, an individual has fewer rights over a commodity that is prone to theft or restrictions on its exchange. The notion of rights is closely related to that of residual claimancy. The residual claimant to, say, an apartment house is its economic owner in that he is able to gain (here by exchange) from an increase in the value of the building, whereas he loses from a reduction in that value.


This study aims to determine the effect of service environment, customer knowledge, and customer relations management on service quality and its impact on brand equity at PT. XYZ. In addition, it can provide input to the company regarding the brand equity of the private brand of PT. XYZ and can help companies in designing the right and effective marketing strategy planning so that the company can survive in the retail world competition in the modern market. This study uses qualitative methods and is included in survey research. The data to be taken is primary data obtained through interviews with visitors to PT. XYZ uses a questionnaire. The population in this study is the consumer respondents in one of the outlets PT. XYZ in Jakarta. The sampling technique is probability sampling with the sample criteria used are respondents from consumers. Because the population in the study is unknown, the number of samples used in this study is 100-150 respondents where the number of respondents obtained the number of indicators in the research questionnaire (Hair et.al 2016, p.102). Analysis of the data in this study using this type of analysis Structure Equation Model (SEM) with the help of the program AMOS 18. The results showed that the service environment had a positive relationship but did not have a significant effect on service quality..


Crystals of xonotlite from Heguri, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, which exhibit relatively sharp k odd reflections have been found to be a triclinic variant having dimensions; a 8.712(2)'\, b 7.363(2)'\, c 14.023(4)'\, a=89.99(2)" (3= 90.36(2) °,7=102.18(2) 0, and space group Al; Z=2CCa6Si60,7(OH)2]' The average structure which was determined using only even order reflections in k is similar to the reported average structure. Crystal-chemical consideration permitted to deconvolute the average structure to give the atomic arrangements for the true AI structure which has been refined to R=4.03G for observed reflections including odd order reflections in k. The structure consists of SiG017 double chains, each consisting of a pair of Si30g chains of the wollastonite type and sheets of polyhedra about Ca's. The structural scheme built up of these silicate chains and polyhedral sheets is similar to that of wollastonite though two of the three independent Ca atoms per cell are in trigonal prisms formed by oxygen atoms. Occupancy refinement of Ca appears to show that slight defIciency in Ca occurs only one of the three independent Ca sites. The xonotlite polytypism can be discussed based on a monoclinic subcell, ap 8.516'\, bp 7.363'\, cp 7.012'\, (3p=90.37°, underlying the AI structure. The polytypism may occur, unlike commonly known polytypism, in two directions, c and a: the monoclinic cell may be juxtaposed on (001) either in a continuous position or with a glide b12, and on (100) with a glide b/4 (or -b/4).


Note: This SPD describes Compaq OpenVMS Operating System software for the Alpha and VAX computer family. Except where explicitly noted, the features described in this SPD apply equally to both Alpha and VAX systems. OpenVMS Alpha and OpenVMS VAX operating system licenses and part numbers are architecture specific. Please refer to the Ordering Information section of this SPD for further details. DESCRIPTION OpenVMS is a general-purpose, multiuser operating system that runs in both production and development environments. and VAXserver series computers. OpenVMS software supports industry standards, facilitating application portability and interoperability. OpenVMS provides symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) support for multiprocess-ing Alpha and VAX systems. The OpenVMS Alpha operating system provides support for 64-bit virtual memory addressing and Very Large Memory (VLM). The OpenVMS operating system can be tuned to perform well in a wide variety of environments. This includes combinations of compute-intensive, I/O-intensive, client/server, real-time, and other environments. Actual system performance depends on the type of computer, available physical memory, and the number and type of active disk and tape drives. The OpenVMS operating system has well-integrated networking, distributed computing, client/server, multi-processing, and windowing capabilities. It contains extensive features that promote ease-of-use, improve the productivity of programmers, and facilitate system management. OpenVMS Version 7.3 provides the following new features: • Improved disaster tolerant capabilities with ATM and Gigabit Ethernet as cluster interconnects because of their inherent high performance and long distance capabilities. • Greater system availability during backups with faster reintegration of shadow members after copies. • Enhanced OpenVMS support for the latest ENSA Storage offerings. • Greater serviceability for the AlphaServer GS160/320 systems with CPU Online Replace. • Substantial application performance benefits can be realized with the new Extended File Cache. • Improved cluster, SMP and system performance through enhancements to RMS and the clusterwide Lock Manager, as well as FastPath support for Fibre Channel and SCSI storage architectures. • OpenVMS adds industry standard Kerberos V5 security , which allows VMS applications to communicate and authenticate with Windows 2000 domains and UNIX platforms. • OpenVMS Intrusion Detection expands to be cluster-wide, reducing chances of system break-ins. • Enterprise Capacity and Performance (ECP) Data Collector and ECP Performance Analyzer are now included with the purchase of OpenVMS Version 7.3. Important: Please read the HP Software Technical Support section before you proceed further.


Primary Examiner-M. J. Welsh Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lester E. Johnson (57 ABSTRACT The present invention is concerned with film-forming polymer dispersions, especially in aqueous systems, such as aqueous solutions of polymers of monoethyleni cally unsaturated monomers as well as latices or disper sions in an aqueous medium of water-insoluble particles of polymers, such as those obtained by emulsion poly merization. It involves the addition to such aqueous polymer systems in order to improve hardness, block ing-resistance and film-formation at room temperature or below, of a non-volatile, reactive monomer compris ing dicyclopentenyl acrylacte or methacrylate to serve as an air-curing coalescent.


The photo-oxidative degradation process of polypropylene film containing iron ions was investigated via FTIR and absorbance substraction technique. It is shown that the iron ions play an important role in the decomposition of hydroperoxide and the increase of the degradation rate of polypropylene film. The amorphous region of PP film undergoes degradation prior to the crystalline one.


We report our experiences using the Scrum agile software development method in an undergraduate user-centered web development project. Our chief contributions are to report on using Scrum in a summer research setting as distinct from academic-year coursework and to consider the integration of Scrum and user experience (UX) development methods in a learning environment. Our experience with combining Scrum and UX was positive: this methodology gave our project a clear structure, kept us motivated, and focused us on developing a usable final product. We discuss our adaptations of Scrum to UX development and to the summer research setting, along with challenges we faced and lessons learned, to inform students and faculty who wish to apply such methods in future projects.


ABSTRACT:The claim that African cultural forms survived in Caribbean societies was interrogated when Caribbean writers traveled to West Africa. A common trope, "realistic shock," is found in many travelogues and memoirs that describe this journey. In this trope, an encounter with the "real" Africa dispels earlier "romantic" notions of the continent as source-culture or homeland for Caribbean people. During the years of decolonization and independence, George Lamming and V. S. Naipaul used this trope to express skepticism toward claims for African-Caribbean connection. But Maryse Condé used the trope differently, to articulate a new understanding of the relationship between the Caribbean and Africa.


This chapter discusses two cases of the Republic of Korea's foreign direct investment in Latin America and their sourcing structures. These are Hyundai Motor Company's investment in Brazil and three Korean investments in the Guatemalan textiles and apparel sector. The cases do not support the hypothesis of the possibility of the creation of local SMEs value chains through foreign direct investment (FDI) in sectors where the Republic of Korea has a comparative advantage over the host countries. Instead, they seem to confirm the enclave economy thesis. Although the host countries were initially successful in attracting multinational corporations, FDI created an enclave economy in which the benefits are confined to an international sector that is not connected to the wider local economy. The research emphasizes the need for the host government to organically plug local industry into major foreign investors like Hyundai Motor Company. More precisely, the role of the government should focus on building the capacity of start-ups to establish effective business relationships with Korean investors.


Viewing the whole situation of the development history of foreign language teaching approaches(FLTA)from traditional FLTA to the new type of FLTA,the theory is profounder and profounder,the field of vision is broader and broader,the content is richer and richer and the approach is making more varied.The flourishing of each FLTA has the background of times and use conditions.It has a rational side and a limited side.From this sense,there is no absolute superiority or no absolute mistake.This article will choose seven schools which are the most representative in the FLTA and analyses its essential characteristics and development trend so as to find a suitable FLTA for higher vocational education.


relatively rare in collections. The family Pygopodidae, as currently conceived, contains eight genera most of which are monospecific. These lizards are snake-like in appearance. They have well developed scales, the eyes lack movable eyelids, and the forelimbs are absent. The hindlimbs are present as small rudiments in most pygopodids, but both fore- and hindlimbs are absent in Aprasia. The tail is elongate in most forms but relatively short in Aprasia. There is evidence that, despite the elongation of the body and reduction of limbs, most pygopodids are surface-living forms rather than burrowers. Members of the Pygopodidae are not found beyond the limits of the Australia-New Guinea-Tasmanian region. The family Amphisbaenidae contains some twenty genera of lizards which show considerably greater specialization than the pygopodids in skull characters, body musculature and various other features. All appear to be active burrowers, many living exclusively in ant and termite nests. The body is covered with a soft skin, forming numerous rings which give it a worm-like appearance. The eyes are vestigial and partially concealed beneath the skin. The external ear opening has been lost, the tail is extremely short, and both fore- and hindlimbs are absent in all but one genus. This genus, Bipes, has rudimentary forelimbs but has lost the hindlimbs. The amphisbaenids are noteworthy in that the right lung is lost or rudimentary. Snakes and other elongate lizards which have reduced lungs all show reduction of the left lung. The Amphisbaenidae are found throughout the tropics except in Australasia, the Oriental region, and Madagascar. In early attempts at classification of the reptiles there was often a tendency to lump together such specialized elongate forms and to regard them as closely related. It was soon realized, however, that this particular habitus has been developed independently in a number of groups and that a careful search for characters of phylogenetic significance is necessary to reveal the true relationships. Camp (1923), who has made the most comprehensive attempt to evaluate lacertilian morphology from this point of


Learning effectiveness is a function of effective pedagogical practices. Accordingly, the question for learning technology designers should be "What combination of instructional strategies and delivery media will best produce the desired learning outcome for the intended audience?" This paper reviews four successful products that incorporate solid instructional strategies with agent based game simulations to provide a positive learning environment for students.


The purpose of this study was to determine how much anxiety the football players from PGRI Palembang University had. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire/questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the percentage formula. The results showed that the anxiety of football players at PGRI Palembang University was based on 2 factors, namely intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors of 77.61% players do not experience anxiety and 22.38% players experience anxiety. Extrinsic factor is 78.25% of players do not experience anxiety and 21.74% of players experience anxiety. In conclusion, the anxiety of football players at PGRI Palembang University in facing matches is in the low category.
Keywords: Anxiety, Football Player, Match


The locus communis of scholarship concerning Leon Magentenos is the uncertainty that surrounds both his identity and the exact date of his work.1 However, the dissemination of codices that contain the works of this Byzantine scholar highlights his influence. Magentenos wrote commentaries on Porphyrios' Isagoge and seemingly on all of Aristotle's logical works, that is, the Organon.2 Of particular interest is the manuscript tradition of Magentenos' work on Int., Anal. Pr. and the Anal. Post. Regarding the first treatise, there are three commentaries ascribed to the Byzantine philosopher. Besides the textus receptus,3 there also exists a commentary on Int. printed by Aldus Manutius in Venice (1503).4 Adolf Busse disputed the authenticity of the latter text,5 but Börje Bydén has recently explained his reasons for thinking that this work might indeed have been authored by Magentenos.6 Moreover, there is a third commentary transmitted in Vat. gr. 2173 (15th c.) that bears no resemblance to the other two mentioned.7 As for dubia, we may point to two later codices which transmit individual scholia on the Anal. Pr. attributed to Magentenos. These differ from one another, as well as from the the rest of the textual witnesses.8


This dissertation mainly focuses on exploring the mechanical shock behavior of lead-free tin-rich solder alloys via multiscale modeling and numerical simulations. First, the macroscopic stress/strain behaviors of three bulk lead-free tin-rich solders were tested over a range of strain rates from 0.001/s to 30/s. Finite element analysis was conducted to determine appropriate specimen geometry that could balance a homogeneous stress/strain field and a relatively high strain rate. A novel self-consistent true stress correction method is developed to compensate the inaccuracy caused by the triaxial stress state at the post-necking stage. Then the material property of micron-scale intermetallic was examined by micro-compression test. The accuracy of this measure is systematically validated by finite element analysis, and the empirical adjustments are provided. Moreover, the interfacial property of the solder/intermetallic interface is investigated, and a continuum traction-separation law of this interface is developed from an atomisticbased cohesive element method.


Stochastic, as well as fuzzy uncertainty, can be found in most real-world systems. Considering both types of uncertainties simultaneously makes optimization problems incredibly challenging. In this paper, we analyze the permutation flow shop problem (PFSP) with both stochastic and fuzzy processing times. The main goal is to find the solution (permutation of jobs) that minimizes the expected makespan. However, due to the existence of uncertainty, other characteristics of the solution are also taken into account. In particular, we illustrate how survival analysis can be employed to enrich the probabilistic information given to decision-makers. To solve the aforementioned optimization problem, we extend the concept of a simheuristic framework so it can also include fuzzy elements. Hence, both stochastic and fuzzy uncertainty are simultaneously incorporated in the PFSP. In order to test our approach, classical PFSP instances have been adapted and extended, so that processing times become either stochastic or fuzzy. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach when compared with more traditional ones.


AIM To investigate the expression of tenascin and Ki 67 in human gliomas, and its relationship with glioma invasion. METHODS Fifty cases of human gliomas with different degrees of malignancy were studied using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Proliferation indices were calculated by computer based image analysis after immunostaining with the Ki 67 proliferation associated antigen.RESULTS A variable degree of vascular hyalinization and glioma intercellular with enhanced tenascin immunostaining was observed. Expression of tenascin and cell proliferation in gliomas correlated positively with each other and increased with the degree of tumor malignancy. CONCLUSION Expression of tenascin in gliomas may be an important factor which stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis and plays an important role in the invasion and development of gliomas. These results suggest that all the above indicators may have referential value in the evaluation of biological behavior of gliomas.


Recent theoretical work by Cooley and Quadrini (2001) highlight the role of financial frictions in models of firm dynamics. This paper investigates empirically the implications of the Cooley and Quadrini (2001) model for the determinants of firm size dynamics with special emphasis on financial frictions. Previous studies examine firm size dynamics conditional on a firm's age. This paper augments the firm size dynamics by considering the additional role of financial frictions, via a firm's debt-to-asset ratio. This paper utilizes data from the T2-LEAP, an administrative tax longitudinal database, which contains balance sheet and employment information on the universe of all incorporated manufacturing firms in Canada for the period 1985-1997. This paper examines the firm size dynamic relationship using dynamic panel data methodology discussed in Arellano (2002). Care is taken to control for the firm unobservables to get consistent estimates of the model. Another issue is the possibility of endogeneity between firm size and the debt-to-asset ratio. Findings show that accounting for firm unobservables is important and financial friction do matter to some firm size dynamics relationships


A new kind of graphic display adjuster based on 32-bit embedded chip EP7312 of Cirrus Logic Inc.has been designed.Its LCD interface provides all the necessary control signals to connect directly to a single panel multiplexed LCD.Linux OS(Operating System) has been embedded successfully.Because Linux OS support some net protocols and multi-file system,the stability,real-time and reliability of the adjuster can be improved,which satisfies the need of multi-tasks.An USB interface has been added to the adjuster to improve its communication ability.


Gallstone is one of the commonest disease processes treated by the surgeon. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for gallstone disease. The present study was undertaken to evaluate 380 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with respect to time taken in surgery, intra operative and postoperative complications, time of discharged from hospital and mortality.


The spin transfer torque magnetic random access (STT-MRAM) is suitable for embedded memories and also for the second level cache memory in the mobile CPU's. The most capable Nonvolatile memory (NVM) component is STT-MRAM. There is a demand to improve efficient circuit and architecture to compete with the existing NVM technologies. Low energy consumption is achieved to write and read into MTJ. This provides the Circuit and Architecture Co-design of STT-MRAM. Our contributions are: One bit STT-MRAM circuit design and SPICE simulation, Monte Carlo simulation of access transistor, 8×8 array/architecture of STT-MRAM is implemented by the single cell.


The input-constrained binary erasure channel (BEC) with strictly causal feedback is studied. The channel input sequence must satisfy the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(0,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-runlength limited (RLL) constraint, i.e., no more than <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> consecutive '0's are allowed. The feedback capacity of this channel is derived for all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k\geq 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and is given by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C^{\mathrm {fb}}_{(0,k)}(\varepsilon ) = \max \frac {\overline {\varepsilon }H_{2}(\delta _{0})+\sum _{i=1}^{k-1}\left ({\overline {\varepsilon }^{i+1}H_{2}(\delta _{i})\prod _{m=0}^{i-1}\delta _{m}}\right )}{1+\sum _{i=0}^{k-1}\left ({\overline {\varepsilon }^{i+1} \prod _{m=0}^{i}\delta _{m}}\right )}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the erasure probability, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\overline {\varepsilon }=1-\varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}(\cdot )$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the binary entropy function. The maximization is only over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{k-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while the parameters <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i\leq k-2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are straightforward functions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{k-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The lower bound is obtained by constructing a simple coding for all <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k\geq 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It is shown that the feedback capacity can be achieved using zero-error, variable length coding. For the converse, an upper bound on the non-causal setting, where the erasure is available to the encoder just prior to the transmission, is derived. This upper bound coincides with the lower bound and concludes the search for both the feedback capacity and the non-causal capacity. As a result, non-causal knowledge of the erasures at the encoder does not increase the feedback capacity for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(0,k)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-RLL input-constrained BEC. This property does not hold in general: the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2,\infty )$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-RLL input-constrained BEC, where every '1' is followed by at least two '0's, is used to show that the feedback capacity can be strictly smaller than the non-causal capacity.


ZnO nanostructures were produced with an innovative and simple vacuum thermal evaporation method with evaporating Zn in the presence of strong static electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other. These evaporated Zn thin films were oxidized in the furnace to obtain ZnO. In order to investigate the effects of magnetic field on ZnO nanostructures in this method, two different setups with different magnetic field strengths were assembled. Morphology and structure of ZnO thin films in both setups were investigated by micrographs prepared by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results show that grown nano rods of ZnO in both setups are blade-like and match-like. Increase in magnetic field, changes the dominant type of nano rods from blade-like in weaker magnetic field to match-like in stronger magnetic field. Also increasing magnetic field strength causes different crystalline orientation in ZnO nanostructures. The results suggest that morphology and structure of ZnO thin films are affected by applying magnetic fields with different strength during deposition of Zn in this innovative method.


The article describes the interaction of public authorities, business representatives and civil society, based on the use of information technology. The authors prove the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration, formed on the basis of cooperation and professionalism of the individual user demand information in socio-economic processes.


The study compares one‐ and two‐tiered forecasting systems as represented by the South African Weather Service Coupled Model and its atmosphere‐only version. In this comparative framework, the main difference between these global climate models (GCMs) resides in the manner in which the sea surface temperature (SST) is represented. The models are effectively kept similar in all other aspects. This strategy may allow the role of coupling on the predictive skill differences to be better distinguished. The result reveals that the GCMs differ widely in their performances and the issue of superiority of one model over the other is mostly dependent on the ability to a priori determine an optimal global SST field for forcing the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Notwithstanding, the AGCM's fidelity is reasonably reduced when the AGCM is constrained with persisting SST anomalies to the extent to which the coupled general circulation model's superiority becomes noticeable. The result suggests that the boundary forcing coming from the optimal SST field plays a significant role in leveraging a reasonable equivalency in the predictive skill of the two GCM configurations.


Prestressed duct vacuum grouting of post-tensioned box girder construction is a new technology.At one end of the pore use the vacuum pump pumping air out,at the other end use the screw-type pressure pump pressing cement paste in.Due to the pressure difference between the negative pore pressure and the positive pressure inside the slurry the grout quality can be improved largely to make the pore density meet the design requirements.In our country,the post-tensioned prestressed concrete structure construction is widely used in road and bridge projects and improve the durability and safety of the bridge structure.The life of the road and bridge is protected and prolonged.


The use of bittering agents as "aversives" has been advocated as a possible method of preventing toxic ingestions in children. The most commonly recommended agent, denatonium benzoate (Bitrex, Bitter Safe, and other brand names) is a chemical related to lidocaine. It was developed initially as a possible local anesthetic but was found to have an unpleasant and bitter taste at as low as 50 ppb in liquid products. Because of this property it has been used for many years as a denaturant for alcohol to prevent ingestion. It has been suggested that denatonium benzoate would be effective in preventing a significant number of pediatric ingestions if it were widely used as an aversive agent in potentially toxic products found in the home.


After exposure to γ-irradiation at 77°K lithium and sodium aluminium hydride and deuteride gave e.s.r. spectra consisting of six broad hyperfine features characteristic of the 27Al nucleus. The magnitude of the isotropic coupling (ca. 223 G) and of the anisotropic coupling (ca. 30 G) are close to those expected for pyramidal molecules having bond angles ca. 110° and the unpaired electron strongly confined to aluminium. Any hyperfine coupling to the protons must be < ±20 gauss.


We consider the problem of comparison-sorting an $n$-permutation $S$ that avoids some $k$-permutation $\pi$. Chalermsook, Goswami, Kozma, Mehlhorn, and Saranurak prove that when $S$ is sorted by inserting the elements into the GreedyFuture binary search tree, the running time is linear in the extremal function $\mathrm{Ex}(P_\pi\otimes \text{hat},n)$. This is the maximum number of 1s in an $n\times n$ 0-1 matrix avoiding $P_\pi \otimes \text{hat}$, where $P_\pi$ is the $k\times k$ permutation matrix of $\pi$, $\otimes$ the Kronecker product, and $\text{hat} = \left(\begin{array}{ccc}&\bullet&\\\bullet&&\bullet\end{array}\right)$. The same time bound can be achieved by sorting $S$ with Kozma and Saranurak's SmoothHeap. In this paper we give nearly tight upper and lower bounds on the density of $P_\pi\otimes\text{hat}$-free matrices in terms of the inverse-Ackermann function $\alpha(n)$. \[ \mathrm{Ex}(P_\pi\otimes \text{hat},n) = \left\{\begin{array}{ll} \Omega(n\cdot 2^{\alpha(n)}),&\mbox{for most $\pi$,}\\ O(n\cdot 2^{O(k^2)+(1+o(1))\alpha(n)}),&\mbox{for all $\pi$.} \end{array}\right. \] As a consequence, sorting $\pi$-free sequences can be performed in $O(n2^{(1+o(1))\alpha(n)})$ time. For many corollaries of the dynamic optimality conjecture, the best analysis uses forbidden 0-1 matrix theory. Our analysis may be useful in analyzing other classes of access sequences on binary search trees.


SummaryThe introduction of new diuretics : furosemide, ethacrynic acid, triamterene and amiloride hydrochloride (a new potassium-sparing diuretic) has modified the frequence of complications during the treatment of edema. Diabetogenic effect remains one of the most important. Its pathogeny is not well understood : insulin hyposecretion, peripheral metabolic effects, etc.Hyponatremia and hypovolemia sometimes follow excessive diuresis and can produce renal or vascular complications.Since Triamteren an Amiloride are in use, paradoxical hyperkaliemia has become a not unfrequent complication of diuretic treatment.


Abstract The San Giuliano low-temperature hydrothermal system is located at the foot of the Pisan Mounts in Tuscany, the most important geothermal region in Italy. Eleven water points with temperatures within the range 16-40°C and salinity between 0.6 and 2.4 g / l are distributed along the superficial contact between the Mesozoic carbonate aquifer formations outcropping on the relief and the low-permeability deposits of the Pisan plain. Hydrogeological and geophysical investigations, as well as periodic geochemical and isotopic samplings and temperature measurements of the different water-points, were carried out during the period 1988-91. These observations indicate that thermal, low-tritium, calcium-sulphate waters rise toward the surface from a reservoir made up of a Triassic evaporitic sequence through a buried fault located in the vicinity of the margins of the Pisan Mountains. The presence of a low-permeable cover, represented by Quaternary and Neogenic deposits, allows only the local upflow of the...


The invention provides a scale remover and a method for removing scale. The method comprises the steps of placing longan peel into a container filling with boiling water, insulating for a certain time, then pouring out the water. According to the method, the waste longan peel is used for removing the scale; the raw material source is convenient to take and cheap; the operation method is simple; an excellent application effect can be achieved; the method is easy to popularize and apply.


The effect of minute addition of nano-SiC powder on the microstructure,cold hardening and wear resistance of high manganese steel was investigated.The results show that the addition of 0.7% nano-SiC powder can obviously refine the grains of the steel up to 60%.The nano-SiC powder significant increases the slip bands and improves the surface hardnss after shot peening.As prolonging shot peening time,the cold hardening of the samples with nano-SiC powder improves.The nano-SiC powders enhances the cold hardening capacity.With the addition of 0.7% nano-SiC powder,the grooves became shallower and the pits became fewer after wear testing,the wear mass loss of high manganese steel is reduced by 19.2%.The nano-SiC powders improves the wear resistance of high-manganese steel.


The rapid industrialisation and electrification that characterises the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries involved the revolutionary and irreversible technologisation of sound. The ability to send sound great distances, through time and space, amplified the instability of sonic presence both inside and outside the body. Sound reproduction technologies such as gramophone and radio emphasise the questionable materiality of sound. Scholarship in the emerging field of sound studies has tended to focus on sound technologies that emerge in this period, promoting the axiom that the ear epitomises modern sensibility. Even before technological developments revolutionised sound, discourses surrounding the ear anticipated the collapse of scientific certainty that marks the modern age. Developments in sound technology can mask the severing of scientific measurement from musical aesthetics that coincided with the age of recording. If the study of sound in modernity has tended to focus on technological changes and bracket aesthetic questions, it is perhaps because the relationships among the science, technology and aesthetics of sound have not yet been adequately parsed.


4077 Background: Human HtrA1 is a member of the HtrA (High temperature requirement) family of serine proteases. Recent reports suggest that htrA1 plays a protective role in varous malignancies due to its tumour suppressive properties. This study was performed to estimate HtrA1 expression as a predictor of the response to chemotherapy of patients with gastric cancer.

METHODS
HtrA1 was measured immunohistochemically on archival specimens of primary gastric cancer from 51 patients treated consecutively at our institution with a weekly chemotherapy including cisplatin 40 mg/m2, epirubicin 35 mg/m2, 6S-leucovorin 100 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, with the support of filgrastim 5 μg/Kg from the day 2 to 7 (PELF regimen), or cisplatin 40 mg/m2, epirubicin 35 mg/m2, 6S-leucovorin 100 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 (PLF regimen). Response to chemotherapy was assessed after 8 weekly treatments according to the WHO criteria.

RESULTS
our population consisted of M/F 32/19; median age 64 years (range, 46-79). The prevalent metastatic sites were liver (17 pts), peritoneum (13 pts), lymph nodes (21 pts), locoregional disease (16 pts); 31/16/4 pts had 1/2/3 or more sites of disease. 23 pts had a low expression of HtrA1 (0/1+) versus 28 patients with higher expression (2+). Of the total 51 patients, there were 28 responders: 8 showing complete response (CR) and 20, partial response (PR). Of the 28 responders, 20 were in the higher HtrA1 staining group (2+), while of the 23 non-responders, 15 were in the higher HtrA1 staining group (0/1+). A statistically significant correlation between HtrA1 expression (HtrA1 2+ versus HtrA1 0/1+) and the clinical response was observed (response rate in patients with 2+ and 0/1+: 71.4% versus 34.8%, P < 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, among 16 pts with locoregional disease (stomach, gastric bed, anastomosis), 1/6 pts had HtrA1 1+ expression compared to 8/10 pts with HtrA1 2+ (17% versus 80%, respectively; p = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONS
The immunohistochemical identification of HtrA1 on the primary gastric cancer prior to chemotherapy may be a useful predictor for choice of potentially responders to a cisplatin-based chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


A distance estimator for a graph property $\mathcal{P}$ is an algorithm that given $G$ and $\alpha, \varepsilon>0$ distinguishes between the case that $G$ is $(\alpha-\varepsilon)$-close to $\mathcal{P}$ and the case that $G$ is $\alpha$-far from $\mathcal{P}$ (in edit distance). We say that $\mathcal{P}$ is estimable if it has a distance estimator whose query complexity depends only on $\varepsilon$. Every estimable property is also testable, since testing corresponds to estimating with $\alpha=\varepsilon$. A central result in the area of property testing, the Fischer--Newman theorem, gives an inverse statement: every testable property is in fact estimable. The proof of Fischer and Newman was highly ineffective, since it incurred a tower-type loss when transforming a testing algorithm for $\mathcal{P}$ into a distance estimator. This raised the natural problem, studied recently by Fiat--Ron and by Hoppen--Kohayakawa--Lang--Lefmann--Stagni, whether one can find a transformation with a polynomial loss. We obtain the following results. 1. If $\mathcal{P}$ is hereditary, then one can turn a tester for $\mathcal{P}$ into a distance estimator with an exponential loss. This is an exponential improvement over the result of Hoppen et. al., who obtained a transformation with a double exponential loss. 2. For every $\mathcal{P}$, one can turn a testing algorithm for $\mathcal{P}$ into a distance estimator with a double exponential loss. This improves over the transformation of Fischer--Newman that incurred a tower-type loss. Our main conceptual contribution in this work is that we manage to turn the approach of Fischer--Newman, which was inherently ineffective, into an efficient one. On the technical level, our main contribution is in establishing certain properties of Frieze--Kannan Weak Regular partitions that are of independent interest.


The history of Indian Textile art unravels a breath-taking variety that reflects the diverse and intense moods of the Indian culture and heritage. Timeless pieces of Indian Textiles have held the eye, captive by the fascinating colors and designs. Today these bear a reflection of the glorious Indian craft traditions. For centuries, these have been distinguished for their great aesthetic and functional value and can be said to be an amalgamation of a number of influences that have embedded their stamp historically and geographically. Beginning from the Indus Valley Civilization to the present times, the cultural scene has seen major and subtle incorporations, adaptations and adoptions of peculiar cultural and artistic traits. The Textile Handicraft of India is an important part of the culture connecting to the past and shaping the future. This is particularly true as skill is given a significant place especially in rural and tribal communities. Rajasthan is known for fabric colouration and embellishment in the form of Lehariya-tie and dye and block printing; Kashmir is recognized for its Pashmina shawls and Kashida embroidery. Punjab for Phulkari; West Bengal for Kantha; Uttarpradesh for Chikankari, the list is endless. A majority of the crafts are related to the geographical location reflecting the regional distinctiveness, therefore contemporary designers are constantly embedding traditional crafts into their designs. The diversity of India's textile art skills makes it a treasure of inspiration for designers. This paper discusses the designer's role in preserving and promoting heritage and traditions through innovation, design interventions and solutions.


Background. Pyoderma is the most common skin infectious disease of early age, it is a group of dermatoses characterized by purulent-inflammatory damage to the skin, dermal appendages, and subcutaneous fat. The diagnosis is based on medical history and physical examination. The main treatment methods are antibacterial therapy (local or systemic) and antiseptic skin toilet. Some forms of deep pyoderma require surgical interventions.Clinical case description. Girl A., 14 days of life, was admitted to the neonatal department of infectious disease with complaints of the mass in the left shoulder joint area. Historical information: 27 years old mother was not observed in any maternity welfare centre; chorioamnionitis was revealed at admission to the obstetric hospital. She received broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy perinatally. A girl from spontaneous vaginal delivery born on the 39th week with body weight of 2700 g, body length of 50 cm, and APGAR score of 8/9, she was breastfed. The condition on admission was severe. There were multiple indurated rash elements (pustules with turbid fluid) on the skin of the chest, limbs, and back. Skin desquamation was noted. There was hyperemia area up to 3.5 × 1.5 cm in the left shoulder joint area, with soft-elastic consistency, fluctuation symptom was positive. Complete blood count has shown: leukocytosis and neutrophilosis. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was revealed in blood via PCR method, in hemoculture, and in throat and nose cultures. C-reactive protein level was increased. Abscess culture — MRSA. Screening by immunological assay was performed to exclude primary immunodeficiency. Abscess incision and drainage were performed; 5 mL of thick yellow-green pus was obtained. Combination therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotic was carried out.Conclusion. There was positive dynamics on the administered therapy: the child condition was satisfactory, skin cleared of infectious rash, abscess was sanitized, laboratory parameters normalized, the child had no fever.


In an effort to develop agriculture, especially as a protection for farmers against crop failure, the provincial government of Bali through the National Food Security program has established Badung Regency as a pilot project for implementing agricultural insurance through the Jasindo Insurance Company. This concept is applied as a guarantee for farmers in terms of price fluctuations of agricultural products that tend to decline, thus triggering the reduction of agricultural terrain that increases each year in Bali Province. This study goals to analyse the level of effectiveness of the agricultural insurance program and to analyze the factors that affect the level of effectiveness of the insurance program as an attempt to develop sustainable agriculture in Bongkasa Village, Abiansemal Region, Badung Regency. The method of analysis in this research is done quantitatively, namely this study uses two analyzes, namely descriptive analysis which is used to analyze the level of effectiveness of agricultural insurance programs and Confirmatory Factor Analysis which is used to confirm latent variables and indicators. The results of the analysis show that the level of effectiveness of the agricultural insurance program is 81.75 percent with effective criteria. The variable that has a dominant affect on the performance of the insurance program as an effort to develop sustainable agriculture is the process variable which is then followed by the output variable and the input variable.


OBJECTIVE To explore the safety and quality of the sterile supplies in the non-war military operation car-disaster relief hospital so as to promote the medical service of the combat readiness medical equipment supply and reserve and ensure the regular replacement.METHODS The vehicle-mounted mobile hospital was established in the Armed Police General Hospital in 2005,the vehicle-mounted mobile hospital was equipped with state-of-theart equipment standardization of disaster medical relief and sterile supply department with sterile cardinality so as to develop valid and early warning mechanism,select appropriate reserve packaging,identify the fixed placed space,and identify the suitable parking sites.RESULTS Through effective reserves and regular track inspections,the quality and validity period have met the three-in-time during the storage,the immediate recall and the timely replacement have ensured a timely supplement and circulation turnover of the medical supplies and have not caused any expired waste,pulling the drill bumpy damage,season temperature,or metamorphism.CONCLUSIONIt is of great significance to strengthen the management of medical supplies in the light car disaster relief hospital and is conducive to the reserve of best state.To achieve the emergency operation during the wartime and high-efficient,smooth and refined first aid may promote the medical support of the light car disaster relief hospital in non-war military operations and lay the management performance.


A review of papers published on billfish biological research since the 1988 Billfish Symposium highlights the important role these symposia play in disseminating billfish research results and also shows that progress since 1988 has been slow, especially when compared with tuna and other pelagic fishes. One reason for the disparity is that marlin have not yet been successfully held in captivity. Progress has been made in elucidating the trophic biology of billfish and these data are helping to build models of pelagic ecosystem dynamics. The deployment of several types of electronic tags has expedited advances in understanding the short-term movements and depth distribution of billfish, but long-term tracks remain elusive. In part, this may be because insufficient effort has been directed at developing methods for restraining marlin for tag attachment or implantation. Light-based geolocation techniques show great promise for elucidating billfish movements, but appropriate scientific rigour must be applied to the publication of these data. Several suggestions for advancing billfish research are presented.


99-00 TABLE OF CONTENTS AND ACT 99-01 ARTICLE I. INCORPORATION AND POWERS 99-02 ARTICLE II. GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE 99-03 ARTICLE III. ADMINISTRATIVE AFFAIRS 99-04 ARTICLE IV. JUDICIAL BRANCH 99-05 ARTICLE V. ELECTIONS 99-06 ARTICLE VI. FINANCE 99-07 ARTICLE VII. AIRPORT 99-08 ARTICLE VIII. PENSIONS 99-09 ARTICLE IX. UTILITIES SYSTEM 99-10 ARTICLE X. GAS SYSTEM 99-11 ARTICLE XI. SCHOOLS AND BOARD OF EDUCATION 99-12 ARTICLE XII. STREET IMPROVEMENTS 99-13 ARTICLE XIII. THOMASVILLE PAYROLL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 99-14 ARTICLE XIV. GENERAL PROVISIONS 99-15 CURRENT OFFICIALS 99-16 CHARTER COMPARATIVE TABLE 99-17 CODE COMPARATIVE TABLE--ORDINANCES 99-18 STATUTORY REFERENCES FOR GEORGIA CITIES AND TOWNS


Color is a specific factor that recognizing its characteristics, specifications and effects on human, is a way to create pleasant urban spaces and environment. This subject becomes more significant when we see our cities disorganized as far as color concerns. Heterogeneous setting of buildings, using inharmonious colors and neglecting psychological specifications of colors creates an unpleasant environment which is not adapted to human desires. In consequence this essay is an attempt to explain the importance of color and the way we can use it in cities. In this investigation the concepts relating to color, the role of color in improvement of city management and importance of providing a comprehensive color plan for city are debated. In addition by choosing a case study, some guidelines about the method of producing such plans and developing their regulations are presented. This essay uses on the one hand description-analysis method and exploring the texts and documents. On the other hand, observation and collecting the information based on field studies are used.


Katherine Mansfield makes great contribution to short story writing with her pioneering creation technique.She attached great importance to both the form and technique.The present paper attempts to discuss how Mansfield achieves defamiliarization of the artistic form through her anti-traditional organization of literary work and narrative perspective,hence brings about actual innovation to modern short story.


The invention discloses a household energy-saving system and belongs to the technical field of control devices. The household energy-saving system comprises a controller, a light sensor, an infrared human body sensor, and a lamp switch circuit, wherein the light sensor, the infrared human body sensor and the lamp switching circuit are respectively and electrically connected with the controller. The household energy-saving system has the following beneficial effects that the household electricity consumption is controlled and the power energy consumption is saved.


Regulating tariff structure is necessary in light of the new tariff program in Beijing area. The paper introduces the contents of the regulating tariff structure,the estimated results,the replying measures of energy conservation and lowering tariff through making full use of tariff lever.


In view of the increasing demand for wireless information and data services, providing faster and reliable mobile access is becoming an important concern. Nowadays, not only mobile phones, but also laptops and PDAs are used by people in their professional and private lives. A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a spontaneous network that can be established with no fixed infrastructure. Ad hoc networks have a wide array of military and commercial applications. Security in mobile ad hoc networks is a hard to achieve due to dynamically changing and fully decentralized topology as well as the vulnerabilities and limitations of wireless data transmissions. Recent wireless research indicates that the wireless MANET presents a larger security problem than conventional wired and wireless networks. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks has also become a problem for users of computer systems connected to the Internet. A DDoS attack is a distributed, large-scale attempt by malicious users to flood the victim network with an enormous number of packets. In this paper we describe the mechanism for detecting and preventing DDoS in ad hoc network.


A series of new N-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-N ′-substituted thiourea derivatives (1–9) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. N-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-N ′-(4-chlorophenyl)-thiourea was also characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with Z = 4 and a = 9.6551(19) Å, b = 20.060(4) Å, c = 9.894(2) Å, β = 104.29(3)°. The molecular conformation of the compound is stabilized by an intramolecular (N1-H1···O1) hydrogen bond that forms a pseudo-six-membered ring.


An improved virtual signal injection based-maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is proposed in this paper. A small square wave is mathematically injected into the current angle to help to obtain the MTPA indicator (the gradient of torque with respect to the current angle). Compared with the existing virtual signal injection based-MTPA control method, the proposed one updates MTPA indicator in each control period, which simplifies the implementation and enhances the dynamic and steady-state performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test.


The provision of land and buildings for industry is the most widespread economic development policy pursued by local authorities. The enterprise boards established by Labour councils generally attract more attention, and new initiatives to promote the employment of women and ethnic minorities excite or outrage the politicians, but up and down the country it is the assembly of land and the construction of factories that continues to absorb the lion's share of economic development budgets.


To ascertain the presence of adenosine receptors in the trout testis, cells isolated from testes at different spermatogenetic stages were cultured in the presence or absence of adenosine, adenosine receptor agonists, or antagonists and of cAMP analogs, for up to 20 min, or 20 hr, or 4.5 days. Cyclic AMP production was then assayed or 3H‐thymidine incorporation was measured. Cellular content of cAMP was enhanced by adenosine, by the adenosine receptor agonist 5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), and by 2‐p(2‐carboxyethyl)phenethylamino‐5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS‐21680), an adenosine A2A receptor‐selective agonist. The increase in cAMP induced by the adenylate cyclase activator L‐858051 was inhibited by the adenosine A1 receptor‐selective agonists R‐N6‐(2‐phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R‐PIA) and N6‐cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). These effects were antagonized by the two adenosine A2 receptor antagonists 3,7‐dimethyl‐1‐propargylxanthine (DMPX) and 8‐(3‐chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC), and by the adenosine A1 receptor‐selective antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3dipropylxanthine (CPX), respectively. Increase in the cAMP content induced by adenosine was inhibited by the cell permeable adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2′,5′‐dideoxyadenosine. These data suggest that A1 and A2 adenosine receptors which respectively inhibit and stimulate adenylate cyclase activity are present on trout testicular cells (unidentified), while the presence of A3 adenosine receptor subtype was not apparent. 3H‐thymidine incorporation decreased in the presence of the adenylate cyclase activator L‐858051 and of the cAMP analogs 8‐CPT cAMP and Sp‐5,6‐DCI‐cBiMPS, regardless of the presence or absence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor RO 20‐1724. This suggests that an increase in testicular cAMP may act as a negative growth regulator for the mitotic germ cells. In agreement with these data, the activation of A2 stimulatory receptors inhibited short‐term (20 hr) DNA synthesis. However, the activation of A1 inhibitory receptors had the same effect. This suggests that events, cAMP‐dependent or independent, induced by the activation of testicular adenosine receptors, may participate in the regulation of trout male germ cell proliferation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 58:307–317, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.