Based on the faults caused by the wrong connection of the base lead and the collector feedback lead of the air conditioner power transistor on TOYOTA CRESSIDA, the control principle and signal transmission process of its fan are analysed in details. The way to find the faults and the principles of voltage and current changes are also told here.


Relying mostly on travel time savings, cost-benefit analysis has been widely used in transport project appraisals in the Chilean context, with utility maximisation theory as its background. Nevertheless, subjective well-being advocates have challenged the notion of the rational man underlying this theory by proposing that other trip attributes, individual perceptions and personal features mediate satisfaction with travel, alongside global well-being. Using the recently-opened Line 6 of Metro de Santiago (Chile) as a case study, this research has two main aims: (1) to verify to what extent travel time savings, which support the cost-benefit analysis process, are present after the launching of the new line; and (2) analyse the perception of passengers' travel time savings, and to what extent this element contributes to the travel satisfaction and to the global well-being at the individual level. Using passive data from smart cards, the results show that travel times decreased by 14% in comparable trips after the launching of Line 6. Furthermore, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) construct is proposed, including travel and life satisfaction as latent variables of the model. This revealed that travel times in the Metro system are highly valued by people. However, this element does not mediate travel satisfaction, as users take low travel times for granted. Waiting times, stations' design, safety and intermodality are perceived attributes that effectively mediate travel satisfaction. Moreover, the latter variable has a relevant influence on global life satisfaction, revealing that transport conditions mediate in day-to-day well-being. These results challenged travel time savings as the most important driver in transport projects' appraisal processes, and some recommendations are made in order to incorporate these findings in future appraisals.


Wheat (bread wheat and oats) Is cereal The most cultivated in the world Since its domestication In « the fertile crescent » It is a product Of global consumption Is in particular constitute the main basis of the diet for the Algerian consumers in all its forms (Bread, pasta, couscous,…).This work presents a bibliographic search on the development Of the different grain molecules of wheat Present in flour with special structures and functions, And their effect on human health. Proteins one of the most needed molecules in wheat grains Which may be responsible for various respiratory allergic diseases, Ingested and cause various pathologies that encompass a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations Intolerance to gluten or celiac disease or other related diseases.


We analyze the transmission effects of monetary policy in a general equilibrium model of the financial sector, with bank lending and securities markets. Bank lending is constrained by capital adequacy requirements, and asymmetric information adds a cost to outside bank equity capital. In our model, monetary policy does not affect bank lending through changes in bank liquidity; rather, it operates through changes in the spread of bank loans over corporate bonds, which induce changes in the aggregate composition of financing by firms, and in banks' equity-capital base. The model produces multiple equilibria, one of which displays all the features of a "credit crunch." Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.


Kate Maybury, solicitor at Raworths, Harrogate has been awarded full membership of the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners. STEP (the Society of ...


A dynamic brittle fracture model of damaged solids is developed in this paper. The porosity $ is used for describing the brittle fracture process which consists of microcrack nucleation, microcrack growth, microcrack coaleacence and spall formation. Numerical simulation of spall process is carried out with the model. The numerical results are much more better in agreement with the experiment results than Cochran's la .


Optimal design of motor and gear for high load acceleration becomes very simple if the fact is used that an ideal gear transfers the product of torque and acceleration unchanged just like the product of torque and speed. Due to this analogy torque demand for acceleration of load inertia can be investigated in the same way as torque-speed requirement for constant speed operation of the load. In contrast to the conventional mathematical method which is based on calculation of extreme values of acceleration the new method delivers very simple design rules in particular when stationary load torque cannot be neglected. Furthermore, consideration of torque-acceleration diagrams leads to a deep insight in the design process which enables to modify the design if required.


Annotation: The article emphasizes that in the process of forming the scientific outlook of students currently studying in higher education institutions, there are a number of requirements for the activities of professors and teachers. As a result of the fulfillment of these requirements, the effective development of students' research activities is envisaged. In addition, the theoretical knowledge, age characteristics and levels of intellectual development acquired by students in the curriculum should be clearly taken into account, it is impossible to organize research activities of students on topics not covered by state educational standards, not included in the curriculum. that only gifted students can organize research activities, where teacher collaboration is extremely necessary, and in some cases tasks that are difficult for one or more students may be easy for others. It was concluded that the teacher should be very vigilant and organize their research activities by dividing students with similar intellectual levels into small groups.


Copy of transcript for a letter from Governor Henry Smith to Stephen F. Austin, informing Austin of events in Texas.


X-ray absorption line spectroscopy has recently shown evidence for previously unknown Ultra-fast Outflows (UFOs) in radio-quiet AGNs. In the previous paper of this series we defined UFOs as those absorbers with an outflow velocity higher than 10,000kmis and assessed the statistical significance of the associated blue shifted FeK absorption lines in a large sample of 42 local radio-quiet AGNs observed with XMM-Newton. In the present paper we report a detailed curve of growth analysis and directly model the FeK absorbers with the Xstar photo-ionization code. We confirm that the frequency of sources in the radio-quiet sample showing UFOs is >35%. The outflow velocity distribution spans from \simlO,OOOkm/s (\simO.03c) up to \siml00,000kmis (\simO.3c), with a peak and mean value of\sim42,000km/s (\simO.14c). The ionization parameter is very high and in the range log\xi 3-6erg si\{ -I} cm, with a mean value of log\xi 4.2 erg si\{ -I} cm. The associated column densities are also large, in the range N _H\siml0i\{22}-1Oi\{24} cm"'{ -2}, with a mean value of N_H\simlOi\{23} cmi\{-2}. We discuss and estimate how selection effects, such as those related to the limited instrumental sensitivity at energies above 7ke V, may hamper the detection of even higher velocities and higher ionization absorbers. We argue that, overall, these results point to the presence of extremely ionized and possibly almost Compton thick outflowing material in the innermost regions of AGNs. This also suggests that UFOs may potentially playa significant role in the expected cosmological feedback from AGNs and their study can provide important clues on the connection between accretion disks, winds and jets.


Spatially Squeezed Surround Audio Coding (S3AC) proposed by the authors provides efficient compression of multi-channel surround audio. Compression is achieved by exploiting human sound localisation blur to save the surround soundfield information in a squeezed stereo soundfield. In this paper, the localisation loss during the S3AC analysis/synthesis is evaluated and the minimum size of the S3AC squeezed soundfield is derived in a frequency dependent form. Results from perceptual listening tests show that, compared with standard squeezing from a 360° surround soundfield to a 60° stereo soundfield, a msoundfield, a more intensive squeezing method, such as from 360°-to-5°, does notore intensive squeezing method, such as from 360°-to-5°, does not introduce audible localisation distortion. This leads to a further application of S3AC for compressing more than one surround soundfield into a single stereo downmix for applications such as spatialised teleconferencing. This application is also described and perceptually evaluate.


The invention belongs to the field of oil production equipment of oil fields, in particular to a shear-resisting, abrasion-resisting and splitting-resisting carbon fiber continuous sucker rod. The carbon fiber continuous sucker rod comprises a carbon fiber core body, a glass fiber layer, an ultra-high strength polyethylene fiber layer and an epoxy resin layer which are arranged from inside to outside. The carbon fiber core body is composed of carbon fiber bundles, each carbon fiber bundle is bonded by epoxy resin, and basalt staple fibers are doped in the epoxy resin used for bonding each carbon fiber bundle. Each bundle of carbon fibers is composed by 12K-150K carbon fiber monofilament, and the carbon fiber monofilament is twisted in the processing process. The basalt staple fibers are doped in the epoxy resin used for bonding each carbon fiber bundle formed by twisting at least three strands of carbon fibers. The structure of the carbon fiber core body is redesigned, the carbon fiber bundle structure formed by twisting is adopted, the twist degree range in which the carbon fiber sucker rod performance is increased effectively is clear and definite, and the cohesion between the carbon fiber monofilament and the fiber bundles is effectively improved, so that splitting of the carbon fiber core body is effectively avoided.


It is proved that finite groups with 10pm elements of maximal order are solvable,where p≥5,p is a prime and m∈N.


The salt, [HL](CI04) [L = 2-(phenylazo)pyrid ine] has been isolated from its conjugate base, L, in almost quantitative yield (>95%). The X-ray structure of the above salt is reported. The geometry of [HLt is trans about the diaza fragment. The N-N bond length in this compound is I .258(5) A which confirms a double bond. This length is elongated in its metal complexes due to extensive dn-pn interactions. The use of [HL] as a reagent for the sy nthesis of M-L complexes from the metal carbonates is explored. In this respect, the syntheses of [Co(L)3](CI04) 2. [Cu(Lh](CI04), [Ag(Lh](CI04) complexes from the corresponding metal carbonates and [HL](CI04) are described.


Acknowledgements Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. The Men Who Followed Flexner: Richard Pearce, Alan Gregg and the Rockefeller Foundation Medical Divisions,1919-1951 William H. Schneider Chapter 3. Irish Medicine's Appeal to Rockefeller J.B. Lyons Chapter 4. Make a Peak on the Plain: The Rockefeller Foundation's Szeged Project Gabor Pallo Chapter 5. From the Art of Medicine to Biomedical Science in France: Modernization or Americanization? Jean-Francois Picard & William H. Schneider Chapter 6. Passing through the Eye of the Needle: American Philanthropy and Soviet Medical Research in the 1920s Margaret A. Trott Chapter 7. The Peking Union Medical College and the Rockefeller Foundation's Medical Programs In China Qiusha Ma "Chapter 8. A Central Periphery : the Naples Zoological Station as an "Attractor" Giuliana Gemelli Chapter 9. "'Out of the Ghetto": The Rockefeller Foundation Confronts German Medical Sciences after the Second World War Paul Weindling Chapter 10. The Nuffield Foundation and Medical Genetics in the U.K. Doris T. Zallen


"Mass entrepreneurship and innovation" is put forward to revitalize the economy so as to relieve the pressure in social employment, enhance the development of new driving force, promote national economic development, which is an important way to achieve national prosperity and people's prosperity. As members of the society, contemporary college students should be the participants and practitioners of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation". The ethical education in independent business should be conducted from the following aspects: honesty based education, responsibility based education, justice and benefit based education, professional ethics based education, competition and cooperation based education and education of will, which can be achieved with joint efforts of universities, families, government and society.


By means of the proposed nonlinear diagnostic dynamic model for the planetary boundary layer (PBL) wind field, an introduction is given to the MOD method for wind prediction. Based on the MOD experiments on the surface wind field over the Northern Pacific Ocean from April to October 1985, it is concluded that the nonlinear diagnostic dynamic model used is better than the linear one.


SUBTITLE: THE INDUSTRY SEEMS TO BE BUZZING ABOUT AN UNUSUAL NUMBER OF OLD TICKETS POPPING UP ON DRIVERS' RECORDS AND THREATENING TO SNATCH AWAY CDLS...


Aim of study: was to evaluate and compare the effect of occlusal reactive versus thermoplastic partial denture bases on the supporting alveolar structure of mandibular distal extension partial dentures cases. Materials and methods: Ten partially edentulous patients were precisely selected to avoid factors that may adversely affect the results of this study. Removable partial dentures were constructed for all patients following the same procedures and the same design. According to denture base material the selected patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group I: five patients received cobalt-chromium partial denture with thermoplastic denture base. Group II: five patients received cobalt-chromium partial denture with occlusal reactive base. The patients were evaluated both clinically and radiographically, clinical assessment of the abutment was carried out through measuring its pocket depth, while radiographic assessment was done by recording bone height change distal to abutment teeth and bone high change of the residual ridge. Results: The results of this study showed that there were a significant differences between flexible and occlusal reactive bases on their effect on supporting structures. Conclusion: The occlusal reactive base exhibited better effect than flexible base regarding bone resorption in abutment as well as residual ridge


This paper studies protection strategies for IP core networks and finds that, counter to previous work, intelligent protection at the router level can reduce the overall network price and bandwidth as compared to TDM protection schemes.


A language isk-piecewise testable if it is a finite boolean combination of l anguages of the formΣa1Σ · · ·ΣanΣ, whereai ∈ Σ and 0≤ n ≤ k. We investigate the problem, given a minimal DFA recognizin g a piecewise testable language, what is the minimal k for which the language is k-piecewise testable? It was shown by Klı́ma and Polák that such ak is bounded by the depth of the minimal DFA. We first provide the complexity bound to decide whether a given minimal DFA represents a k-piecewise testable language for a fixed k, which then results in an algorithm that is single exponential with respect to the size of the DFA and d ouble exponential with respect to the resulting k. We provide a detailed complexity analysis for k ≤ 2. Finally, we generalize a result valid for DFAs to NFAs and s how that the upper bound given by the depth of the minimal DFA can b e exponentially far from the minimal k.


Global system of distributing computing - Grid - created as reply for challenges, connected with the qualitative progress of complexity of experimental physical assemblies and information systems, is presented as optimal IT platform for assurance of measurement traceability in geographically remote regions and measurement data protection in global networks. The new component grid - Instrument Element (IE) - is intended for secure, remote, joint team work on monitoring and managing instruments generated and stored on distributed scientific equipment using conventional grid resources. The article describes the variety of all possible IE applications within grid technology for the tasks of metrology demanding IT support. Expanded by the new component IE grid becomes an optimal environment for effective monitoring, management and servicing of measuring resources which has the highest level of measurement data transfer, storage and processing safety and reveals new opportunities to track measurement procedures and assure a high level of confidence to these measurements.


Abstract A detailed study and analysis of previous research has been carried out to illustrate the relationships between a range of environmental emergencies, and their effects on the emotional state of the rescuers involved in responding to them, by employing Pub Med, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI and Scopus for required information with the several keywords "emergency rescue", "occupational safety", "natural disaster", "emotional management". The effect of the rescuers' emotion on their occupational safety and immediate and long-term emotional behavior is then considered. From these considerations, we suggested four research propositions related to the emotional effects at both individual and group levels, and to the responsibilities of emergency response agencies in respect of ensuring the psychological and physical occupational safety of rescuers during and after environmental emergencies. An analysis framework is proposed which could be used to study the influence paths of these different aspects of emotional impact on a range of occupational safety issues for rescue workers. The authors believe that the conclusions drawn in this paper can provide a useful theoretical reference for decision-making related to the management and protection of the occupational safety of rescuers responding to natural disasters and environmental emergencies.


Emergency departments (ED) have difficulties coping with the rise of patients during seasonal epidemic crises. Particularly, during winter time, the influence of patients suffering from gastroenteritis, influenza and bronchiolitis lead to overcrowded emergency departments, and ultimately to patient rejection to other hospitals in the territory. The aim of the study is twofold, potential correlations between epidemic disease and environmental factors are sought and epidemics are then forecasted for classes of pathologies using the different correlation parameters that are found in the first part. The forecasting model serves as a mechanism to predict the incidence rate in ED and acts as the basis for a scheduling strategy to manage emergency departments. Historical data from various hospitals in the Rhone-Alpes region (France) as well as epidemic data collected from generalist physicians are used in the study. Environmental data of air pollutants and meteorological data are geographically matched with ED and used to extract potential correlation factors between them and the epidemics. These detailed historical meteorological data are obtained from the French national meteorological service. Thereafter, epidemic diseases of interest are modeled using a discretized compartmental epidemiological model. The epidemiological SEIR model allows us to track the evolution of the epidemics in four different categories of population (susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered). Additionally, a time series regression model is used to predict the time-varying infection rates of the epidemic model. Furthermore, a study on the number of individuals entering emergency departments following infections from the pathologies under analysis is performed. This last information allows us to study the effects of different epidemics on ED overcrowding and deploy a strategy to reduce waiting time of the patients in the ED. Waiting time reduction is done via the study of the interaction of the human resources of the ED. A scheduling strategy is then devised to organize the working hours of the different resources (physicians and nurses) according to the predictions made by the epidemic model under various constraints. Considering the multi-factor interaction of epidemics, we are able to devise an epidemic model that forecasts the infection peaks and use it to dynamically act changes in a health institution and thus reduce overcrowding during epidemic seasons. Under the hypotheses defined for the scheduling problem, the model gives us the optimal distribution of shifts for ED employees in front of stochastic demand patterns. The solution is obtained in only a few seconds for over 100 scenarios and the overall waiting time for the patients is significantly reduced compared to the solution obtained by fixing the shifts to what is currently practiced. Once the different factors affecting epidemics are determined, the epidemic model coupled with a statistical time series regression model allows us to get an accurate weekly forecast of the epidemics. As epidemics have a strong impact on overcrowding ED during the winter seasons, the forecast also forms the basis for an overcrowding reduction strategy that takes into account the key resources in the ED and reacts dynamically to changes in the estimated incidence.


T h e de t ec t i on a n d assessment of in t e l l ec tua l i m p a i r m e n t a r i s i ng from d a m a g e or in jury to t he b r a i n is usua l ly not a n easy task, p a r t i c u l a r l y w h e n such i m p a i r m e n t wou ld pass u n n o t i c e d to the a v e r a g e l a y m a n or to m a n y c l in ic ians in r o u t i n e consu l t a t i ons . I n d e e d , m a n y of us a r e very skilful at cove r ing u p o u r o w n lapses , t e m p o r a r y as they m a y be . W h o has not forgot ten t he n a m e of a f ami l i a r l ace , o r p e r f o r m e d the e q u i v a l e n t of s u m m i n g u p 2 a n d 2 as 5 d u r i n g a s i m p l e t r a n s a c t i o n , bu t m a n a g e d to keep the overs ight to ourselves ? H o w does a c l in ica l psychologist go a b o u t d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r or not t he re is i m p a i r  m e n t in in te l l ec tua l efficiency a n d w h e t h e r or not such i m p a i r m e n t was present before a n acc iden t o c c u r r e d , a n d in e s t i m a t i n g the sever i ty of such i m p a i r m e n t , if it exists ? After al l , a r e we not d e a l i n g w i t h the mys t e r ious w o r k i n g s of t he h u m a n m i n d , the end result of a c o m p l e x i n t e r a c t i o n of some 12 bi l l ion n e u r o n s , as well as o t h e r processes we h a v e h a r d l y b e g u n to c o m p r e h e n d ? T h e a n s w e r to all this is c e r t a i n l y *Yes' bu t t he ques t ions themselves a r e not p a r t i c u l a r l y r e l evan t to t he p r o b l e m at h a n d , n a m e l y : Is s o m e b o d y ' s c l ient as in te l l ec tua l ly efficient as he should be , based o n c e r t a i n e x p e c t a  t ions or a s s u m p t i o n s we c a n usua l ly m a k e a b o u t his b e h a v i o u r in g e n e r a l ? F o r t u n a t e l y , at least for psychologis ts a n y w a y , all of us h a v e b a c k g r o u n d s of o n e sort o r a n o t h e r , i n c l u d i n g those of us w h o


A review on the research development in magnesium matrix composites is summarized, which includes reinforcing particle,principal forming process and interface study. Reinforcing particle includes SiC, C, B_4C, Al_2O_3 , Al_(18)B_4O_(33) and TiC .The matters needing attention are pointed out. Furthermore, the tendency of study and development in the future is approached from different aspects. Several key points in magnesium matrix composites are introduced.


The X-ray crystal structure of the cAMP-liganded D138L mutant of Escherichia coil catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) was determined at a resolution of 1.66 angstrom. This high resolution crystal structure reveals four cAMP binding sites in the homodimer. Two anti conformations of cAMPs (anti-CAMP) locate between the beta-barrel and the C-helix of each subunit; two syn conformations of cAMPs (syn-cAMP) bind on the surface of the C-terminal domain. With two syn-cAMP molecules bound, the D138L CAP is highly symmetrical with both subunits assuming a "closed" conformation. These differences make the hinge region of the mutant more flexible. Protease susceptibility measurements indicate that D138L is more susceptible to proteases than that of wild type (WT) CAP. The results of protein dynamic experiments (H/D exchange measurements) indicate that the structure of D138L mutant is more dynamic than that of WT CAP, which may impact the recognition of specific DNA sequences. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


OBJECTIVE
There is an established association between the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the HLA-B27 allele, but whether or not homozygosity for HLA B27 has any additional effects on the clinical manifestations of AS is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of HLA-B27 homozygosity on the clinical manifestations of AS in Korea.

METHODS
A total of 490 patients were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was carried out using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) to assess HLA-B27 homozygosity or heterozygosity. One PCR reaction was undertaken to determine the HLA-B27 carrier status, and 5 group-specific PCR reactions were carried out to determine all of the other HLA-B alleles. Clinical manifestations of AS and BASFI were also evaluated according to homozygosity or heterozygosity for HLA-B27.

RESULTS
HLA-B27 positive patients had a significantly younger age at symptom onset, more uveitis, and a higher frequency of hip joint involvement than HLA-B27 negative patients. One hundred and forty-six (29.8%) patients were homozygous for HLA-B27. No significant association between HLA-B27 homozygosity or heterozygosity and a history of peripheral arthritis, acute anterior uveitis, age at onset, or the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) was found.

CONCLUSIONS
Homozygosity for HLA-B27 does not affect the clinical manifestations of AS in Korean patients.


In this note we prove global well-posedness for the defocusing, cubic nonlinear Schr{o}dinger equation with initial data lying in a critical Sobolev space.


The present study was conducted to investigate the reliability and the construct validity of scores on the Personal Preferences Self-Description Questionnaire (PPSDQ), a measure of Jungian types developed by the last author. Classical psychometric analyses of data from 641 participants were supportive of a view that the instrument has reasonable properties; these analyses included item and alpha analyses and both oblique and orthogonal exploratory factor analyses. The divergent validity of PPSDQ scale scores was also investigated.


Sea otters in western Prince William Sound (WPWS) and elsewhere in the Gulf of Alaska suffered wide-spread mortality as a result of oiling following the 1989 T/V Exxon Valdez oil spill. Following the spill, extensive efforts by both public and private scientists have been directed toward identifying and understanding long term consequences of the spill and the process of recovery. We conducted annual aerial surveys of sea otter abundance from 1993-2009 (except for 2001 and 2006) in WPWS. We observed an increasing trend in population abundance at the scale of WPWS through 2000 at an average annual rate of 4%. However, at northern Knight Island where oiling was heaviest and sea otter mortality highest, no increase in abundance was evident by 2000. We continued to see significant increase in abundance at the scale of WPWS between 2001and 2009, with an average annual rate of increase from 1993-2009 of 2.6%. We estimated the 2009 population size of WPWS to be 3,959 (se = 653), nearly 2,000 more than the first post-spill estimate in 1993. Surveys since 2003 have also identified a significant increasing trend at the heavily oiled site in northern Knight Island, averaging about +25% annually and resulting in a 2009 estimated population size of 116 (se=19). Although the 2009 estimate for northern Knight Island remains about 30% less than the pre-spill estimate of 165, we interpret this trend as strong evidence of a trajectory toward recovery of spill-affected sea otter populations in WPWS.


It was observed that after unloading or removal of the load from the specimen subjected to bending stress, partial or full elastic spring back occurred and considerable stresses have resulted while plastic deformation was considered. ABAQUS is a suite of powerful engineering simulation programs, based on the finite element method. In this paper, it was used as the main tool to analyze elastic and plastic deformations of bi-material metal joint. In the case of elastic deformations, the results were comparable to the theoretical data. Plastic deformations and residual stresses of bi-material metal joint under bending moment were obtained by ABAQUS; where the theory needs to be studied and improved further to verify the results.


I. Introduction-a quick historical survey of geodesic flows on negatively curved spaces. II. Preliminaries on Riemannian manifolds A. Riemannian metric and Riemannian volume element B. Levi Civita connection and covariant differentiation along curves C. Parallel translation of vectors along curves D. Curvature E. Geodesics and geodesic flow F. Riemannian exponential map and Jacobi vector fields G. Isometries and local isometries H. Geometry of the tangent bundle with the Sasaki metric III. Manifolds of nonpositive sectional curvature A. Definition of nonpositive curvature by triangle comparisons B. Growth of Jacobi vector fields C. The Riemannian exponential map is a covering map. Theorem of Cartan-Hadamard. D. Examples : Riemannian symmetric spaces E. Convexity properties and the Cartan Fixed Point Theorem F. Fundamental group of a nonpositively curved manifold. G. Rank of a nonpositively curved manifold IV. Sphere at infinity of a simply connected manifold of nonpositive sectional curvature A. Asymptotic geodesics and cone topology for M ~ (∞)


This master's thesis studies work conditions, professional competences, and some particular character traits of children's choir choirmasters in Slovenia, as well as what they would need for higher-quality work. Potential differences between the most decorated and other children's choir choirmasters have also been discussed. The results have been collected with the aid of an internet questionnaire, which was completed by five children's choir choirmasters, who were most decorated at the Zagorje ob Savi national choir competition between 2006 and 2016. 74 other Slovenian children's choir choirmasters, who also participated in the Zagorje ob Savi competition completed the survey as well.
The results have shown that children's choir choirmasters in Slovenia have adequate professional competences to work with children's choirs, and that they participate in professional training programmes to further improve. Said choirmasters have a wide set of positive character traits. By their admission, the participants do not particularly emphasize any of their character traits. The results have also proved that the majority of deficiencies that the choir conductors notice are in the field of work conditions, especially when it comes to the repetiteur, the amount of time devoted to choir rehearsals, and how they are rewarded for the hard work they put into the choir. The comparison between the most decorated and other children's choir choirmasters has shown that the former have lesser needs regarding work conditions, professional competences, and character traits than others. Subsequently, the areas in which other choirmasters could improve to become as decorated as their more acknowledged fellow counterparts have been identified.


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a growing global problem. While Australia has a relatively low rate of antibiotic resistance, there is an increasing rate of infections with resistant bacteria for which there are limited treatment options. While AMR is frequently seen as a hospital-based problem, the global spread of resistant organisms has led to an increase of AMR infections in the community as well as in hospitals. Non-life-threatening infections, such as urinary tract infections, when caused by resistant bacteria are problematic as there are few oral antibiotic options and intravenous therapy is expensive and potentially more toxic. With increasing antibiotic resistance, the safety of complex medical interventions such as surgery, cancer chemotherapy, or organ transplantation is under threat. So where has AMR come from and why is it a problem? Most antimicrobial resistance genes have existed in bacteria in the environment for billions of years, but usually they are only present at a low level. The spread and amplification of AMR genes and their transfer between bacterial species is enhanced where bacterial spread is facilitated, such as with poor sanitation, contamination of water sources and suboptimal infection control practices. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics in humans or animals allows bacteria carrying resistance genes to be selected, so infections are more likely to be caused by AMR bacteria. International spread of resistant bacteria is enhanced through travel and an interconnected global economy. At the individual level, infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria usually occur through acquisition or amplification of bacteria carrying resistance genes, although resistance de novo through selection of drug-resistant mutations also occurs with antibiotic use. A study of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) revealed that about half of VRE acquisition was due to spread of an epidemic clone and half had arisen endogenously de novo, presumably by antibiotic selection. The relationship between antibiotic usage and AMR is complex, and while reducing antibiotic usage can decrease the prevalence of AMR, decreasing antibiotic usage alone is insufficient to control AMR. Infection prevention and control of environmental and agricultural exposure to antibiotics also need to be managed. To preserve efficacy of antimicrobials, dramatic reduction of antimicrobial use in all spheres (human, animal and agricultural) is vital. Perhaps the single biggest problem in human antimicrobial prescribing is the use of antibiotics when unnecessary. Upper respiratory infections, chronic skin ulcers and asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly are the leading conditions for which antibiotics are unnecessarily prescribed. Additionally, where antibiotic therapy is indicated, a significant proportion is prescribed inappropriately, in ways which promote development of AMR. The National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey 2014 report showed that excessive duration of antibiotics (particularly for surgical prophylaxis) is common in Australian hospitals. Overly broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, particularly in treating respiratory tract infections, is another area of concern. In this issue of the Journal, several articles highlight the difficulties encountered in changing antibiotic prescribing practice. These include unregulated use of antimicrobials, non-adherence to clinical guidelines and poor documentation of indications for, and intended duration of, antimicrobials. To inform better prescribing and patient management, clinicians need more accurate and up-to-date information on AMR. To this end, the Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Australia project, initiated in 2014, collates data on antibiotic resistance and usage (including appropriateness) and aims to build the capacity to enhance antimicrobial resistance and usage surveillance. However, to effect significant change, formal regulation is also needed. A significant driver of improved antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has emerged from the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards, under which an accreditation requirement is that Australian healthcare institutions need to have an AMS program through which governance of antibiotic prescribing and regular audit and feedback of antimicrobial use to clinicians occurs. This has led to increased focus on AMR and improvement in antimicrobial prescribing. Prescribing habits are frequently driven by longstanding practice rather than with reference to updated clinical evidence. For sustained change in prescribing to occur, attitudes about antibiotic use and relation-


In this paper, the decoupled control of a non-holonomic spherical rolling robot capable of waypoint navigation over planar surfaces is investigated. The robot consists of an external spherical shell driven by an internal two-wheeled differential drive cart fused with odometry and IMU sensors. We derived the robot dynamic model under roll and spin locomotion using Lagrangian, and studied its performance under independent control of these two modes of locomotion. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the control performance on a rectangular waypoint trajectory, captured using an optical motion capture system. The result showed that with our implemented sliding mode controller of the cart's pitch and PD controller of the cart's yaw, the spherical robot can follow the desired set of waypoints effectively.


Now,the developments of information system technologies have expanded the usage of
management information system as a tool to increase the competition among
organization Sistem Maklumat Pengurusan Kursus Majlis Latihan Vokasional
(SMPKMLVK) in Pusat Latihan Kemahiran Era Baru (PLKEB) is a system that is being
developed to help the management of PLKEB in improving the quality of management
information system online.The management of this organization is still in manual form,
which means there is no systematic computerized system to handle registration and
database management system. Methodology used in developing this system is prototype
methodology based on evolutionary prototype approach. Macromedia Dreamweaver MX
5.0 is a software that used to create the web application, which is supported by
Windows 200 and SQL Server 2000 as the database. As result a information
management system was developed.


Science funding agencies (NASA, DOE, and NSF), the science community, and the US taxpayer have all benefited enormously from the several-decade series of National Academies Decadal Surveys. These Surveys are one of the primary means whereby these agencies may align multi-year strategic priorities and funding to guide the scientific community. They comprise highly regarded subject matter experts whose goal is to develop a set of science and program priorities that are recommended for major investments in the subsequent 10+ years. They do this using both their own professional knowledge and by synthesizing details from many thousands of existing and solicited documents.
Congress, the relevant funding agencies, and the scientific community have placed great respect and value on these recommendations. Consequently, any significant changes to the process of determining these recommendations should be scrutinized carefully. That said, we believe that there is currently sufficient justification for the National Academies to consider some changes. We advocate that they supplement the established survey process with predictions of promising science priorities identified by application of current Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques These techniques are being applied elsewhere in long-range planning and prioritization.
We present a proposal to apply AI to aid the Decadal Survey panel in prioritizing science objectives. We emphasize that while AI can assist a mass review of papers, the decision-making remains with humans. In our paper below we summarize the case for using AI in this manner and suggest small inexpensive demonstration trials, including an AI/ML assessment of the white papers submitted to Astro2020 and backcasting to evaluate AI in making predictions for the 2010 Decadal Survey.


A political map of the world, complete with pastel colours and neatly delineated borders, is perhaps one of the most recognizable cartographic images. Such a view of the world, however, masks the c...


This paper presents a comparative study of conventional PD and Fuzzy PD (FPD) Controllers for a nonlinear active suspension system for quarter car. The control purpose is to upgrade ride quality of quarter car by reducing the root mean square of vertical acceleration (RMSVA) while keeping all hard constraints like suspension movement, dynamic and static load on tyre and actuator saturation within limits. The gains of PD and FPD controllers are tuned by Genetic Algorithms (GA) optimization technique for random road profiles by minimizing a cost function consist of integral of time-weighted absolute error and RMSVA and a comparative study is carried out. Further, controllers tuned with random road surface are tested on bump road profile for various amplitude. It has been noted that FPD controller out performed conventional PD controller and provided superior ride comfort.


The traditional method first converts images of different dimensions, and then introduces the characteristics of the human visual system, but ignores the smoothing of the image, which leads to the unsatisfactory effect of image reproduction. Based on the data mining algorithm, this paper has done a research on the authenticity of the digital museum's cultural relic image. A method of authenticity reproduction of cultural relics images based on data mining is proposed. In order to realize the authentic reproduction of cultural relics images, this paper designs a digital museum cultural relics image authenticity reproduction simulation system to solve the problems of poor noise suppression, missing holes, poor reproduction quality of cultural relics, and insufficient details in traditional systems. It is necessary to first calculate the optimal neighborhood range of the cultural relic image pixel, and then perform the restrictive smoothing of the image edge to complete the authenticity restoration of the cultural relic image. The hole phenomenon in the process of data mining triangulation is filled in. The spline function least squares method is selected for surface fitting, two-dimensional texture coordinates are established through data mining algorithm mapping, and the image texture is mapped to the surface grid to realize the three-dimensional reconstruction of the cultural relic image.


Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the most sensitive imaging modality for the early detection of breast cancer. The American Cancer Society guidelines and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology recommend annual breast MRI screening for women at high risk for breast cancer, which includes BRCA mutation carriers and their untested first-degree relatives; women with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and other high-risk predisposition syn-dromes; women with a history of thoracic radiation therapy be-tween age 10 and 30 years; and women with 20% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer based on risk assessment models. Annual MRI screening should start at age 25–30 years and annual mammography screening is also recommended, starting prefera-bly at age 30 years (1,2).


We would like to paraphrase Schaffner who posits about the importance of discourse analysis for translator training (2002) and rise a question about discourse analysis, and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in particular, as a tool in conference interpreter learning process. This paper presents a study conducted within a theory-based module conducted at ISIT Paris, in the framework of European Masters in Conference Interpreting curriculum. The module blends theory and practice: basic introduction into discourse analysis approaches with a special focus on CDA (Fairclough, 2010) and its presupposition and implicatory discursive categories (Van Dijk, 2005), with the practical critical analysis of discourses in students' A and B languages. The objective of this preliminary study is to ascertain students' perception of DA as a tool to learn interpreting through a survey (Hale and Napier 2012) on one hand, and target group discussion conducted during the class (Koskinen, 2008, ) on the other. Abstract


This thesis study examined how group art therapy can enhance the effectiveness of the 12-step program in the treatment of addiction. Art therapy is versatile enough to include a variety of therapeutic procedures as well as nonverbal and creative strategies. The 12-step program is a reputable treatment option, but it may be improved by supplementing it with art therapy approaches. Because addiction affects many people, and it has a significant impact on the well-being of entire societies, necessitating the need for professionals to continue improving treatment. While current traditional treatments such as the 12-step program were shown to be effective, integrating art therapy into traditional methods of treating addiction expanded and enriched clients insight and recovery. This thesis is intended to provide a treatment option that allows for self-exploration and investigating one's emotions, different therapeutic routes, the material's multidimensionality, and expressive mediums provided. Art therapy has many strengths that can support increasing the results of the 12-step program. This paper showed that the 12-step program is an excellent treatment option, but could yield better results with art therapy techniques. I anticipate this study will highlight the significance of art therapy in treating patients with addiction who are going through the 12-step program. Exploring Group Therapy Review


Chen, N.-S., H.-P. Yu and S.-T. Huang, A self-stabilizing algorithm for constructing spanning trees, Information Processing Letters 39 (1991) 147-151. A self-stabi!izing algorithm is proposed for constructing spanning trees for connected graphs. Because of the self-stabilizing property, the algorithm can handle error recovery automatically.


This paper concerns the complexity and ambiguity in parsing Korean center-embedded sentences and multiple subject constructions. Even though the acceptability of such sentences is influenced by many factors, the experimental results from the previous studies indicate that degree 2 center embedding is generally parsable whereas degree 3 center embedding can be problematic in Korean. There is some conceptual ground for such dichotomy, provided that center-embedded sentences and multiple subject constructions share some structural properties. The lack of processing difficulty with a series of subjects up to three is partly due to the fact that potential reanalysis required for completing appropriate structure is classified as a type of structure addition. A series of four subject NPs, however, can lead to garden path since the problem of indeterminacy may arise in terms of the attachment site of the predicate, and this is the motivation by which we can draw a line between presence and absence of processing overload from multiple subjects.


Objective: To study the effect of ligustrazine and low dosage angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)-benazepril on α_1-microglobulin(α_1-MG) andβ_2-microglobulin(β_2-MG)out of urine of type 2 diabetes millitus(T_2DM) with non-hypertension or hypertension.Methods: Fortyfive cases with T_2DM associated with non-hypertension or hypertension were randomly divided into 2 groups.23 cases were in the treatment group and recevied ligustrazine and ACEI-benazepril.22 cases of only ACEI were in the control group.The treatment and control groups included 16 cases of high blood pressure,and the relationship of the variation of the blood pressure between the control and treatment groups were compared before and after the adminitration.Theα_1-MG,β_2-MG and albuminuria(Alb) were measured by the method of ratioimmunoassay(RIA) before and after the administration for 2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks.Results: The ligustrazie and ACEI-benazepril reduced α_1-MG and β_2-MG significantly (P0.01) in T_2DM with non-hypertension or hypertension,but the α_1-MG reduced more significantly(P0.01) compared with the β_2-MG.The reduction of α_1-MG and β_2-MG was not significantly related(P0.05) with the decrease of blood pressure.Coclusion: The ligustrazine and low dosage benazepril are fit for the treatment of the T_2DM patients with the higherα_1-MG,either with hypertension or non-hypertension,and has effect on the prevention of the development of DN.


Metaprotella sandalensis has been widely described from tropical to subtropical regions of the Indo-west Pacifi c by several authors. However, the exact characteristics of the species are still unclear. The present study provides detailed descriptions of Metaprotella sandalensis Mayer, 1898 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) based on newly collected specimens from Lifou Island, New Caledonia, the type locality. The generic diagnosis of Metaprotella was also revised. The following species characteristics for Metaprotella sandalensis are indicated: 1) suture between head and pereonite 1 is vestigial; 2) antenna 1, 0.6 to 0.8× body length; 3) peduncle article 3 longer than article 2 in antenna 1; and 4) pereonite 4 longest among all body somites. These characteristics indicate that the distribution of Metaprotella sandalensis is more narrow within the tropical Indo-west Pacifi c than previously reported.


The article deals with some features of religious life of the population of the European Bosporus and the Lower Danube area. To date, a sufficient quantity of new (primarily archaeological) material has been collected for a more extensive study of these regions' religious life. Based on a comprehensive analysis and systematization of all the available sources, the author attempts to identify the characteristics of the religious life of the ancient population of the Bosporus and the Lower Danube.


Tanzania like many other developing countries is highly dependent on agriculture for income generation and job creation for its citizens. Because the sector is mainly composed of smallholder farmers, lack of finance remains the leading obstacle to development. This study seeks to determine factors that affect access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in the Mvomero District of Morogoro, Tanzania. The study used a cross-sectional design, with data being collected via the survey method. Purposeful sampling was used to obtain the respondents who fitted into the study objective. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model. The Logit regression model in particular was employed to determine factors that affect smallholder farmers' access to bank services. The study reveals that the value of assets invested in farming activities, education and gender are significant factors affecting smallholder farmers' access to bank credit. Policy recommendations include the establishment of a government bank that would exclusively provide financial services to agriculturalists by establishing a credit guarantee scheme, and the development of new financial products by the banks that would cater to the needs of smallholder farmers.


The invention belongs to the field of energy, in particular to a high-efficiency gallium arsenide solar cell manufactured on a metal film and a manufacturing method thereof. The solar cell is characterized in that: a substrate of the solar cell consists of a stainless steel film and a tungsten, molybdenum or tantalum metal film which is sputtered on the surface of the stainless steel film; and certain photoelectric conversion interface layers are formed among a plurality of gallium arsenide material layers with different electrical properties which grow on the substrate in gas deposition way. The invention has the advantages: the metal film, in particular a stainless steel film is taken as the substrate, so that the cost is particularly low, and the material is tough and temperature-resistant, can be curled on an arbor wheel for transportation and can be stored for a long time; the electric property and photoelectric conversion rate are not influenced; in the depositing process, the attrition rate of a chemical gas material is low; the design and operation of solar cell procedure equipment are relatively simple; meanwhile, automation can be realized, and labor force is reduced; and a substrate material is readily available, so that the machining process is simplified, automatic control can be realized, the yield and quality are easy to increase, a large amount of energy consumption can be saved, the aim of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide is fulfilled, the emission of toxic tail gas which is harmful to the environment can be greatly reduced, and pollution to the environment is lowered.


Recent studies show that acute physiological increases in endogenous glucocorticoid levels have immunostimulatory effects. Although post-acute stress immunosuppressive effects have also been described, the difference between enhancing or suppressing the immune response seems mediated by the stressor's duration, intensity, and the immune component under analysis. To elicit physiologically relevant corticosterone levels that can be found in Rhinella icterica toads after stressful events (e.g., restraint or captivity) and understand how acute increased glucocorticoid levels of different intensities affect corticosterone and testosterone plasma levels and immune parameters (in vitro plasma bacterial killing ability, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and in vivo phagocytosis of peritoneal leukocytes), we submitted toads to the transdermal application of two corticosterone doses (1 and 10ug). Corticosterone transdermal application increased corticosterone plasma levels with different intensities: three times for 1ug and fourteen times for 10ug, compared to the vehicle, and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio increased regardless of the corticosterone dose. However, there was no effect on testosterone levels and bacterial killing ability. Interestingly, both corticosterone doses promoted immunosuppression, decreasing peritoneal leukocytes' phagocytosis activity by 60% for toads receiving the dose of 1ug and 40% for those receiving 10ug. Our results show the complexity of the relationship between increased corticosterone levels and immunomodulation. The different corticosterone doses promoted increases of distinct magnitudes in corticosterone plasma levels, with the less intense increase in corticosterone levels generating greater cell-mediated immunosuppression. Future studies using different corticosterone doses to achieve and compare physiological vs. pharmacological hormone levels are imperative to understanding these interrelationships between corticosterone and immune response.


This study presents a robust and efficient approach for derivation of non-symmetrical closed-form Green's functions for microstrip structures. In this method, the discrete complex image technique is used to extract the closed-form expressions for stratified Green's functions. The surface-wave poles in these expressions are first extracted using a recursive contour integration method. The remainder is then approximated by a series of complex exponentials using either the Prony's method or the generalised pencil-of-function (GPOF) along the extended rooftop-shaped path in kρ-plane. An analytical identity is subsequently employed to obtain the new spatial-domain Green's functions. For calculation of the integral of GzxA with respect to x, it is observed that only a single approximate Green's function can accurately represent both the near and far fields. Moreover, the method generates accurate results in the near-field region when z′≠z and ρ→0. A two-part expression for the non-symmetrical potential GzxA is introduced as well. This two-part approximation is very accurate and computationally fast for the entire range of distances, especially when z=z′≠0 or z′≠z.


Urban green spaces are essential elements of cities, contributing to the quality of life in numerous ways. However, densification strategies create a complex relationship between urban development and the quality, as well as the quantity, of urban green space. This paper examines the Green Walkable City Programme in Stockholm, a document developed to supplement the comprehensive plan as a strategic backbone for green urban planning. Based on interviews and content analysis, this paper identifies and discusses concerns raised in the development of the planning programme, and addresses the importance of urban green space for citizens' well-being. The new comprehensive plan has introduced a shift in the attitude towards the urban green space in Stockholm. The need for urban growth is used to justify development of green fields, and a focus on the quality, rather than the quantity, of urban green space is promoted. Despite this progress, the public requests definitions for this quality approach and fears that nature within the city will be "parkified". Therefore, this paper offers a critical reflection on the role of the Green Walkable City Programme, its situation within the context of Swedish green urban planning, and various areas of concern that have been highlighted.


The managed health care system (MHCS) was introduced and applied in Hungary between 1999 and 2009. The gradually expanding system covered only 22% of the population and included exclusively the curative-preventive health care, subsidy on medicaments, subsidy on therapeutic appliances and the spa service. Like anywhere else it was cost-effectiveness that was expected from the MHCS without the adverse effect in the quality of the health service. To decide whether the MHCS was successful in Hungary or not, we compare it with the results of those segments of the health system where the MHCS was not introduced. We use the method of the incremental cost analysis. We are making our comparison exclusively on the basis of health economics aspects, because no difference has evolved in the quality of the medical attendances. We will see that where the MHCS was applied, the medical attendance became cheaper, at those places where the MHCS was not applied the medical attendance became more expensive, causing a chronic financial deficit (137785 million HUF). Although the MHCS managed from less money, it gained 17767 million HUF during the mentioned ten years. We are going to present the general features of the MHCS and support the fact that the outcome of the managed care concept was rationalized and the savings in several segments of health care, by means of empirical evidence. JEL (Journal of Economic Literature): managed health care, resource allocation, strict/soft budget constraints, efficiency, health and economic development


combination of structuring and checking instruments . Some imaginative new departures are suggested, such as t h a t government lawyers cease relying on ripeness and standing doctrines and other technical defenses under certain circumstances, bu t by and large the means discussed are tradit ional and formal in character. Structuring, or limiting the range of choice within agencies, can be achieved by employing a mixture of plans, policy s ta tements , rules (which Davis considers especially valuable), s ta tements of findings and reasons in particular cases, and openness and fairness in informal procedures. The means for checking discretion to insure tha t it is exercised properly run the gamut from normal hierarchical controls to various forms of external review. A number of interesting points are implied by these portions of the book. One is tha t contemporary enthusiasms such as decentralization, communi ty control and citizen part icipation in the administration of programs provide no ul t imate answers to the problem of injustice, though they may be alleviative, so long as discretion remains unstructured and unchecked. T h a t is, increased citizen control of police will not necessarily in and of itself eliminate injustice resulting from selective enforcement of law, bu t may only alter the pa t te rn of selective inforcement and shift the incidence of injustice. Overall, however, description of particular means and particular situations is accentuated, rather than the development of a framework for determining how the proper combination for any situation might be development, much less suggesting criteria for telling what t h a t combination might be. With some justification, Davis gently chides s tudents of public administration and political science for their contemporary lack of concern about administrat ive injustice, suggesting t h a t a major reason is a preoccupation with "science." One of his subordinate purposes is to encourage scholars from other disciplines to bring their expertise to bear on the problems he discusses. There is a modest irony here. I t seems t h a t the book would have been much stronger in its assessment of problems, in dealing with the intricacies of change, and in its prescriptive aspects if the rather extensive relevant l i terature, both theoretical and empirical, produced by those whom he chides, had received more at tent ion. To cite only one of the many possible examples, Davis judges normal hierarchical controls to be the most significant check on the exercise of discretion. However, his discussion on this point is not only t runcated, bu t it evidences no familiarity with the knowledge and insights t ha t have been developed in recent years not only by students of public administratiou, bu t also by others such as sociologists, as to how people behave in organizations. Certainly there is rich material here for use in analysis. Nevertheless, Discretionary Justice is a powerful and st imulat ing argument for more systematic a t tent ion to administrat ive discretion. I t deserves to be read and pondered by all of those concerned with administrat ive justice—which today, it should be added, is a most " re levant" mat ter .— D A V I D M. W E L B O R N , The University of Kansas.


This paper investigates the finite frequency (FF) H ∞ control problem of two-dimensional (2-D) continuous systems in Roesser Model. Our attention is focused on designing state feedback controllers guaranteeing the bounded-input-bounded-output stability and FF H ∞ performance of the corresponding closed-loop system. A generalized 2-D Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma is presented for 2-D continuous systems. By the generalized2-DKYPlemma,theexistenceconditionsof H ∞ controllersareobtainedinterms of linear matrix inequalities. Two examples are given to validate the proposed methods.


An increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the pulmonary arteries has been implicated in the progression of emphysema in COPD patients. Standardization of vessel size requires matching segments of the airway with their corresponding blood vessels. Automated matching is still error-prone, and manual matching by sifting through 2D slices is tedious and time-consuming. We propose a virtual reality (VR) system for the visualization of the airway and the vascular tree as a means of streamlining the verification of appropriate airway/vascular segment pairs selected for quantitation of arterial CSAs. In this work, we outline the technical specifications and design considerations and challenges for such system; we also compare user's performance on the proposed system with the conventional 2D method.


With the advent of molecularly targeted therapies in the oncology clinic, previously fatal blood cancers have now become chronic diseases. Imatinib, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the BCR-ABL fusion protein, dramatically extends survival for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and has opened the flood gates for modern ''personalized cancer medicine''. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody with affinity for the CD20 antigen of B-lymphocytes, in an analogous fashion has revolutionized treatment for patients with B-cell lymphomas. Does this paradigm, a rather commonplace approach for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, apply also to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)? This is an exciting time to be involved in AML research, and an explosion of new basic science discoveries has formed a springboard for some brand new personalized treatment concepts that this commentary will serve to outline. Targeted Therapy


Abstract Published evidence shows that, in the UK, referral for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support of relatively mature eligible infants with respiratory failure who are failing conventional therapy can be expected to have a better outcome than with continued conventional care. We recommend that neonatal intensive care units have written guidelines to initiate early discussion with a neonatal ECMO centre about referral.


Objective: To observe and compare the different effects that midazolam and diazepam have on child anesthesia and search for the ideal compatibility of medicines of ketamine with benzodeazepines. Method: 60 cases of child vein general anesthesia. ASA of Ⅰ~Ⅱ is divided into three grous at random,20 cases in each group. Induce by separate intravenous injections of ketamine 2mg/kg (Group Ⅰ), diazepam 5mg/kg(Group Ⅱ) and midazolam 0.2mg/kg (Group Ⅲ); maintain by pumping injections of ketamine 20~50μg/kg.min. record SPO 2, HR, MAP at different period of time, the time of regaining consciousness, mental symptoms and the rate of feeling sick and vomiting. Result: ①In group Ⅲ, the steadiness of heart vascular system is better than that in groupⅠ and group Ⅱ. No obvious breath inhibition. ② In group Ⅲ, the time of regaining consciousness is apparently shorter than that in group Ⅰand group Ⅱ. And mental symptoms improve and the rate of feeling sick and vomiting decreases.Conclusion: It is better to use the complex anesthesia of midazolam with ketamine in preserving the steadiness of child heart vascular system, shortening the time of gaining consciousness and reducing complication.


An amino acid sequence that directs the post-translational transport of a protein to the mitochondria. The sequence contains an alternating pattern of hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids.


An oxyalkylene group containing histone deacetylase(s) inhibitor is used sequentially with another antineoplastic agent to increase antitumor activity in cells and mammals.


To increase flaw detection rate and decrease false alarm rate, this paper proposed an edge-based image comparison method to detect flaws on PCB films. The detection procedures can be best described as follows: First, histogram equalization is applied to the original image to resolve the problems caused by the variances in illumination. Second, the spatial relationship between test image and golden image is obtained using image registration. Third, transform golden image to register with tested image using spatial coordinate transformation. Finally, subtract golden image from test image to show candidate defects on the result image. The experiment results show that it takes 0.123 second on average for the developed film inspection system to inspect a 780 X 582 image.


This preliminary study investigates relationships between students' expectations before an assessment, their in situ assessment of their own performance and the evaluations made by the
lecturer. Most recently, it has been widely accepted by academics that self-assessment and self-monitoring has a valuable role to play in the learning process. Does self-assessment play a role in the moderation of student expectations? The results of this study show that while there is a high correlation between the students' final assessment of their own performance and that of the lecturer, the students do not have an innate ability to assess their own performance reliably ± training and practice is necessary. It is however clear that the use of self-assessment is an extremely effective way of moderating students' expectations which are often unrealistically higher than their performance.


To Chinese accounting, China's WTO entry brings not only severe challenge in accounting norms, servi ces, information and the quality of accounting personnel, but also a better chance. In order to keep abreast with the times, we must speed up reform in the following five aspects: 1) setting up a typical accounting model; 2) improving accounting system; 3) quickening the reform and reorganization of accounting offices; 4) realizing the modernization of accounting information; 5) improving the overall quality of accounting personnel.


Abstract Deploying a cognitive grammar perspective, this paper reads Gustav Hasford's war narrative, The Short-Timers, as displaying the way attentional windowing is reflected in the language. We have taken the methodological decision of becoming cognitively sensitized to the linguistic texture of traumatically loaded episodes, with the aim of looking at the specific linguistic choices that the producer of literary language has made, and the role played by such linguistic choices in cueing the reader's attention toward these event frames. Specifically, we demonstrate that confluence of windowing and nesting of attention with theories of conceptual metaphor, schema, and force dynamics can yield a fuller cognitive grammatical account of the foregrounded event frames. It is observed that allocation of salience to such event frames is greatly dependent on phraseology that has a high density of metaphoric constructions.


The Tibetan Plateau (TP) vegetation plays an important role in the local ecosystem, which responds significantly to climate change and can affect local and large-scale weather and climate anomalies. However, little attention has been paid to its year-to-year variation. In this paper, using two NDVI datasets (GIMMS and MODIS) originated from satellite remote sensing, the variability characteristics of NDVI over the TP on the interannual time scale and associated local climatic factors were investigated. The results show that two primary patterns of NDVI governed TP during the main growing season (June–September, JJAS) for the period 1982–2020. The first one is a uniform pattern, with a consistent spatial variation over the entire TP, and the second is a dipole pattern, with an out-of-phase spatial variation of NDVI between the northern and southern TP. Interannual variations of the different climatic factors regulate the NDVI variability over the different regions of the TP. The interannual variability of the uniform NDVI pattern is mainly affected by the two local climatic factors, the preceding May–August precipitation and simultaneous JJAS sunshine duration. Specifically, NDVIs over the southern and eastern TP have a more significant response to the preceding precipitation and simultaneous sunshine duration, respectively. The variability of the dipole NDVI pattern is primarily modulated by the preceding May–August precipitation and simultaneous surface air temperature, ground surface temperature, and sunshine duration. However, NDVIs over the northern and southern TP have different degrees of response to the four climatic factors, with the most significant response being to preceding precipitation. The combined effect of these factors contributes to the formation of the interannual variability in the uniform and dipole patterns. This paper may shed light on deeply understanding the reasons for the inconsistency in variations of vegetation over the different regions of the TP under climate change. In addition to the effect of local climatic factors that this study focuses on, the influence of external climatic factors on the variability of the TP NDVI deserves further research in the future.


Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have an increased the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it remains unclear if patients with OSA carry a higher risk of recurrent AF after successful catheter ablation. This meta‐analysis was conducted (1) to evaluate the association between OSA and recurrent AF after catheter ablation, and (2) to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the risk of recurrent AF in patients with OSA.


Journals such as Headache are ever vigilant for authors who attempt to subvert publication best practices and, as a consequence, make a mockery of the legitimacy of the research literature for a given field. As with all ethical issues we handle, many transcend the intent of the authors. Whether deception or ignorance is behind the ethical breach, the end result is that the literary record is distorted. Furthermore, it is especially irritating for journals, determined to publish new and original research, to find themselves unwittingly embroiled in cases where authors seem resolved to obtain competitive advantage. So, what is indicative of this unfair leverage authors seek? From an editor's perspective two such examples are an elevation of the importance of an author's work beyond its rightful place or disrespectfully manipulating the journals within which they publish to embellish their publication track record. One familiar trope in recent editorials on publication good practice this journal has published is that we trust our authors are being honest and respectful of the peer review process. A second trope is that publication is neither a basic right of any researcher (but something that has to be earned) and that all matters of publication, from authorship to full and accurate revealing of study findings, are to be taken very seriously. This editorial discusses two issues (Fig. 1): redundant publication and salami slicing (otherwise known as the incremental publishing of the same results or dataset). You may believe these are really just examples of misbehavior and certainly not deserving of any form of penalty. While you are not alone in thinking that, make no mistake: you are very wrong. Both of these issues constitute misconduct. And when misconduct is uncovered, corrective and disciplinary action may very well follow. The Council of Science Editors incorporates a definition of duplicate or redundant publication into its White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications: "[A]uthors must avoid duplicate publication, which is reproducing verbatim content from their other publications." Clearly, verbatim content in large amounts makes duplicate publication easy to prove. Typically, this breach of acceptable publication standards is accompanied by carefully avoiding a citation to the other article. Editors usually find redundant papers contain only subtle differences in language and content presentation, such as the addition of an extra/replacement table or figure, or the advance of one further implication of the research in the discussion section. One obvious way editors detect redundant publication is discovering that the authors simply used a slightly different way to answer the same research question. According to von Elm, such behavior can be in plain sight or covert, especially if there is a subtle change in the authors, though a core group of individuals is retained. Either is surprisingly easy to pull off as most journals do not talk to each other. von Elm also determined that most redundant publication occurred within a median of one year (range 0-7 years) after publication of the first article. To be clear, in almost all circumstances, prior publication in the form of meeting abstracts or the release of data in the popular media does not constitute an ethical breach when a full length article follows, though individual journals may have policies that mean they will not consider publication. Lastly, redundancy does not necessarily mean plagiarism or define self-plagiarism. Salami slicing is, perhaps, more subtle than redundant publication but is no less insidious. Salami slicing represents the splintering of data from a single study into multiple parts and in turn presenting multiple papers. Following the acceptance of an initial paper, a series of slightly differing titles follow simultaneously or in succession. Rather sardonically, papers that are the product of salami slicing are sometimes referred to as the Least


The article deals with a linguistic problem of "loans" in modern German. The author reveals the essence, reasons, forms and kinds, functions and the importance of "loans" in the united system of modern German, as well as the value and the role of "loans" and foreign vocabulary in the century of rapidly developing international links and contacts in modern conditions. In the article "loans" are presented as the universal linguistic phenomenon. An important place is also given to the phonetic difference of "loans" from the system of recipient, which is undoubtedly valuable for the article.


Analyzed inadaptability of fracturing technology to infill well,provided a method by using balance protection fracturing technology to produce thin oil layer with high water cut,and bridge fracturing technology to produce large interval thin oil layer.Field experiment shows that balance protection fracturing technology is adapt to complex well condition,and can fracturing 3 layers by one string tripe,protect 2-4 thin layer.Bridge fracturing technology can fracturing 3 layers,can fulfill 90 m interval layer's fracturing.


The engineering vehicle gearbox involves extensive knowledge , complex mechanical structure, control theory is difficult to grasp, therefore, its techniques of testing, maintenance are highly required. Once the gearbox fault occurs, we have to use special tools and accord to certain maintenance procedures and techniques for fault detection, in order to quickly find out and eliminate the point of failure and reduce failure rates and improve project efficiency.


In order to efficiently reduce building energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions, a review of building energy consumption research using machine learning algorithms is reviewed. First, the basic principles of machine learning are introduced, then building energy consumption data processing based on machine learning methods, and finally, the current status of research on energy consumption of public buildings, residential buildings and building groups based on machine learning methods. Several problems on the current research are pointed out. The proposals that need further study in the future are put forward.


Abstract The English crystallographer William Barlow is famous for two achievements, both published in German, in Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie between 1894 and 1901. They concern the derivation of all possible symmetrical arrangements of points in space and the idea to represent crystal structures by replacing points by spheres. His results had an impact upon crystal structure modelling and describing crystal morphology. Utilizing self-made models, he found the 230 space group types of symmetry obtained earlier by both E. S. Fedorow and A. Schoenflies in a different manner. The structures he proposed before the discovery of X-ray diffraction served in some cases as starting point for the interpretation of diffraction patterns thereafter.


Ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants is some of the most prominent sources of new drugs and has shown potential resul ts for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In order to establish the phar macological basis for the ethno medicinal use of Mimusops elengi Linn. In gastrointestinal affections, the effect of bark extracts of Mimusops elengi f amily Sapotaceae was evaluated in serotonin induced ulceration (20mg/kg) in albino rats. Antiulcer activity was evaluated by measuring ulcer index and percentage of ulcer healing. The alcoholic extract (200mg/kg) and Petroleum ether extracts (200mg/kg) of bark of Mimusops elengi showed significant antiulcer activity as evidenced by the data obtained. Th e present finding suggests that the alcoholic extract of Mimusops elengi bark have antiulcer property in albino rats.


ABSTRACT The fractional deposition of inhaled particles during spontaneous breathing is an important parameter in defining lung dose of inhaled particles for occupational and clinical exposures. Yet few investigators have studied particle deposition under spontaneous breathing conditions. Variability in spontaneous breathing deposition fraction (DF) may play a role in the variability of lung response to inhaled particles. This review attempts to address the degree of variability in spontaneous breathing DF measured in normal human subjects at rest, but more specifically attempts to address the causes of this variability. There are primarily two factors which likely contribute to variability in spontaneous DF, breathing pattern and the size of the airspaces. Included is a review of these factors only as they relate to spontaneous DF of particles depositing primarily in the periphery of the lung. This author concludes that present evidence, as set forth in this review, suggests that breathing pattern variab...


SYNOPSIS Pure iron powders admixed with fine carbonyl iron powder of 10mass%, micro wax powder of 1 mass% and zinc stearate of 1 mass% are formed to combined compact by a uniaxial press machine. The powder flows from ring to undercut during pressing, the local density of undercut division becomes higher and the difference in density in sintered compact can be reduced. The density of undercut increases following the ring height increase. Shearing strength of sintered compact is increased in proportion to the density of undercut and the maximum value is gotten 230MPa. The powder flow into the undercut during pressing is inclined. Therefore, the lower density region exists at the just below the mother material. As a result of pressing tested powder by floating die tooling, it is possible to prevent a crack. The feature of this compaction is powder flow within the die cavity during dry press forming by mixing a small amount of binder.


Objective To explore the impact on survivors's health and to determine the risk factors involved in the typhoon in order to investigate the characteristics of traumatic symptoms of casualties in the aftermath of the Saomai Typhoon sweeping over the rural area of Zhejiang province in 2006. Method A cluster sampling study was carried out and a total of 389 survivors were assessed. Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis to clarify the characteristics and the risk factors of getting traumatize. Results Of 389, there were 113 (29.1% ) victims suffered from a variety of injuries mainly crush trauma (24.4 % ) and wounded by hard object (23.1% ). Moreover, the combined injuries accounted for 9.2%. The risk factors causing injuries in the residential area were the building collapse, glass fragments from broken windows, flying debris as well as fall from high place. Condclusions Outdoor activity and the crumbled building are the leading causes for injuries during the sweeping of typhoon. Meanwhile, we should make more effort to publicize the precautions against typhoon to the local residents.

Key words:
Typhoon;  Injury; Spectrum of disease; Risk factor;  Epidemiology


A navigation system which can output drift-free global trajectory estimation with local consistency holds great potential for autonomous vehicles and mobile devices. We propose a tightly-coupled GNSS-aided visual-inertial navigation system (GAINS) which is able to leverage the complementary sensing modality from a visual-inertial sensing pair, which provides high-frequency local information, and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver with low-frequency global observations. Specifically, the raw GNSS measurements (including pseudorange, carrier phase changes, and Doppler frequency shift) are carefully leveraged and tightly fused within a visual-inertial framework. The proposed GAINS can accurately model the raw measurement uncertainties by canceling the atmospheric effects (e.g., ionospheric and tropospheric delays) which requires no prior model information. A robust state initialization procedure is presented to facilitate the fusion of global GNSS information with local visual-inertial odometry, and the spatiotemporal calibration between IMU-GNSS are also optimized in the estimator. The proposed GAINS is evaluated on extensive Monte-Carlo simulations on a trajectory generated from a large-scale urban driving dataset with specific verification for each component (i.e., online calibration and system initialization). GAINS also demonstrates competitive performance against existing state-of-the-art methods on a publicly available dataset with ground truth.


This paper aims at giving a design for an intelligent traffic management system using computer vision and IOT. Computer vision can be used to implement a traffic counting mechanism at an intersection and prioritizing and prioritizing lanes with heavy traffic. It will also improve enforcement of traffic rules by capturing the number plates and image of drivers, the registration number will be captured by a letter & digit recognition software and storing it in a database. Emergency vehicles will be given priority using communication between sensors in emergency vehicles and traffic light system. This can be implemented using IOT, a type of V2X communication.


Thermal stratification is a key parameter of atmospheric processes. This parameter has been used in environmental monitoring systems, for forecasting weather and severe weather events, for studying radio wave propagation in the atmosphere. The description of modern ground-based and satellite microwave instruments for atmospheric temperature stratification measurements is given, their short history and future development are demonstrated.


In this article, a new approach to explore the candidate car license plate scene is presented. First, the image is decomposed by using a Haar wavelet to get the HL sub-image with vertical edges. Next, a black top-hat algorithm is applied to minimize the effects of interfering large continuous features other than the license plate. Then, the horizontal and vertical projections of the HL sub-image provide an approximate location of the license plate. The experimental results show the high precision of the proposed technique, with a success rate of 98% for parked vehicles and 97% for moving vehicles.


Cervical carcinoma causes several problems like pain, and suffering at least death. However, it is the most preventable, curable, and high survival type of cancer. This study aims to analyze the survival of cervical cancer patients based on factors that are considered influential, such as clinicopathological profiles, risk factors, and prognostic factors to order the effectiveness of therapy, and improving the quality of life in patients receiving chemoradiation. In an analytical observational retrospective cohort design study, using secondary data, samples contain all patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who received chemoradiation therapy from January to December 2017 which is 151 patients. This study revealed that the 5year survival rate is 57.6%. The lowest Person Time is 3 months and the longest is 60 months, average 45.80 months, standard deviation 18.179 months. There was a significant influence on the clinicopathological profile including Age (0.002), Histopathology (0.012), and Stage (0.000). Risk factors: parity (0.000), Education (0.007), Number of Marriages (0.025), Menstrual Disorders (0.021), Contraception (0.004), Cancer History (0.000), Body Mass Index (0.022), Area of residence (0.009). Prognostic factors: chemoradiation type (0.002), chemotherapy type (0.000), radiation type (0.001), radiation technique (0.007). The results indicate that the survival rate of cervical cancer patients with chemoradiation still has tobe concerned.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we study properly the fractional integrals , associated with the Weinstein operator, for all . In the order to give sense to the higher order Riesz Weinstein transforms, we prove that, for a function and , is times differentiable for x outside the support of f and times differentiable (if ) inside the support of f.


This paper shows that the way of charging electric vehicle influences the battery aging. A simplified lithium-ion battery calendar aging model is used. This simple battery lifetime model, estimates the capacity fade including the effects due to the temperature and the state of charge. The reference vehicle is a 2018 Nissan Leaf. The entire vehicle, including the battery, the traction system and the road, is simulated with a reference velocity cycle. The energetic macroscopic representation of the vehicle is used for model and control organization. Two charging scenarios are defined. The first scenario corresponds to a daily vehicle charge, while the second one corresponds to one charge every 5 days. The model including the aging of the battery shows a significant difference between the two scenarios in term of capacity degradation through years.


This study introduces a methodology for anticipating the post-earthquake functionality of hospitals in a region. Performance levels for interacting systems (structural, nonstructural, lifeline, and personnel) in a hospital are operationally defined, empirically correlated, and probabilistically modeled using damage data from past earthquakes. Separate models are developed for buildings built before and after the 1973 California Hospital Seismic Safety Act. Performance estimates of the systems are used to anticipate overall hospital functionality. Effects of external power and water outage are also included. As a case study, the methodology is utilized to predict the functionality of hospitals in Los Angeles County for two earthquake scenarios. Findings indicate that in a M6.9 Verdugo fault earthquake scenario, nearly half of county hospitals have at least a 50% chance of experiencing significant loss of functionality. Such findings can support emergency response planning as well as seismic retrofit prioritization.


Purpose

Field expertise in industry is often poorly recorded and unexploited. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a methodology and tool that incorporates a knowledge validation loop to leverage upon human-contributed field observations in industrial maintenance management. Starting from a failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) model, it defines a collaborative process that links FMECA knowledge with field maintenance practice.

Design/methodology/approach

A metadata management system is designed to encourage staff involvement in enriching knowledge with field observations. The process supports easy feedback and collaborative annotation and is pilot tested via an industrial case study.

Findings

Streamlining FMECA validation is welcomed by maintenance staff, empowering them to exert more control over the management, usage and versioning of reference knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

The methodology for metadata management in industrial maintenance enables staff participation in a collaborative knowledge enrichment process. Metadata management is a pre-cursor and therefore an important step to drive future analytics.

Practical implications

Industry personnel are more inclined to contribute to organisational knowledge if the process is based on reference knowledge and requires minimal interaction.

Social implications

Facilitating individual contribution to collective knowledge strengthens the sense that each staff member can have organisational impact.

Originality/value

The paper introduces a methodology and tool to stimulate human-contributed knowledge in industrial maintenance, strengthening collaborative organisation knowledge flows.


According to the common view peat types in which remains of Carex or Bryales dominate are of a better quality than those mainly composed of Sphagnum species. Thus within the Finnish classification in which the moss peats are divided into Sphagnum peat (Sp) and Carex-Sphagnum peat (CSp), and the fen peats into Sphagnum Carex peat (SCp), eutrophic Sphagnum-Carex peat (EuSCp), Carex peat (Cp) and Bryales-Carex peat (BCp), the quality of the peat is supposed to improve in this order. This, however, is not always the case when results of peat analyses are examined a marked variation within a certain peat group both in the nutrient content and other characteristics may be established (c.f. Kivinen 1933, Kaila et ai. 1954, Kaila 1956 b). The differences between the mean values are often significant, but the individual data of one group are almost always overlapping the corresponding range of the other groups. It was not likely to obtain markedly differing results when the cation content of various peat types was chosen as the object of the present study. In most of the papers dealing with the nutrient content ofpeat only the total amounts are reported. Yet, the authors found it desirable to get more information of the plant-available calcium, magnesium, and potassium in samples of virgin peat soils. The problem of the availability of these nutrients to plants was conventionally solved. Considering the fact that the samples were air-dried and ground the results obtained by any method are likely to yield only an approximate estimate of the plant-available amounts under the natural conditions. Therefore, instead of the usual determination of exchangeable cations by washing with barium acetate the analytically more convenient extraction with ammonium chloride was employed.


The mechanical behavior of composite interface can be influenced by multiple factors, including the morphological roughness, the structure of coating interphase, and the temperature. Here, high-throughput molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to investigate the entangled effects of these factors on the shear stiffness G , the friction coefficient μ , the debonding strain ϵd and stress τd , of SiCf/SiC interface. We find that G is maximized by small roughness and high temperature for the optimal chemical bonding effect; μ and ϵd are maximized by large roughness and low temperature, taking advantage of the mechanical interlocking effect while avoiding cusp softening; τd demonstrates two local maxima which result from the competition between chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking. Provided the MD simulation results, a variational autoencoder (VAE) model is proposed to design the microstructure of SiCf/SiC interface for desired shear properties. According to the validations, the VAE-predicted interfacial configuration demonstrates highly similar shear properties to the reference one, justifying its potential for the microstructure design of composite interface. The results of this work can be employed to facilitate the development of SiCf/SiC composite by taking advantage of the synergistic effects of multiple designable factors.


Cross-system bug fixing propagation is frequent among systems having similar characteristics, using a common framework, or, in general, systems with cloned source code fragments. While previous studies showed that clones tend to be properly maintained within a single system, very little is known about cross-system bug management.
 This paper describes an approach to mine explicitly documented cross-system bug fixings, and to relate their occurrences to social characteristics of contributors discussing through the project mailing lists--e.g., degree, betweenness, and brokerage--as well as to the contributors' activity on source code.
 The paper reports results of an empirical study carried out on FreeBSD and OpenBSD kernels. The study shows that the phenomenon of cross-system bug fixing between these two projects occurs often, despite the limited overlap of contributors. The study also shows that cross-system bug fixings mainly involve contributors with the highest degree, betweenness and brokerage level, as well as contributors that change the source code more than others.


The overall objective of this program was to develop a methodology to identify locations on operating pipelines where SCC is probable. The program was planned as a three-year effort but was terminated after one year.


Discretized time harmonic Maxwell's equations are hard to solve by iterative methods, and the best currently available methods are based on domain decomposition and optimized transmission conditions. Optimized Schwarz methods were the first ones to use such transmission conditions, and this approach turned out to be so fundamentally important that it has been rediscovered over the last years under the name sweeping preconditioners, source transfer, single layer potential method and the method of polarized traces. We show here how one can optimize transmission conditions to take benefit from the jumps in the coefficients of the problem, when they are aligned with the subdomain interface, and obtain methods which converge for two subdomains in certain situations independently of the mesh size, which would not be possible without jumps in the coefficients.


The Northern Great Plains (NGP) region of the USA — which comprises Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska — is a largely rural area that provides numerous ecosystem services, including livestock products, cultural services, and conservation of biological diversity. The region contains 25% of the Nation ' s beef cattle and approximately one-third of the confined beef cattle, as well as the largest remaining native prairie in the US — the Northern Mixedgrass Prairie. With rising atmospheric CO 2 , the NGP is projected to experience warmer and longer growing seasons, greater climatic variability, and individual managers. Adaptive capacity in the NGP will differ from other regions, in part because projections suggest some opportunities for increased livestock production. Adaptations in both grazing and confined beef cattle systems will require enhanced decision-making skills capable of integrating biophysical, social, and economic considerations. Social learning networks that support integration of experimental and experiential knowledge — such as lessons learned from early adopters and involvement with science-based organizations — can help enhance decision-making and climate adaptation planning. Many adaptations have already been implemented by a subset of producers in this region, providing opportunities for assessment, further development, and greater adoption. Context-specific decision-making can also be enhanced through science-management partnerships, which aim to build adaptive capacity that recognizes multiple production and conservation/environmental goals.