E&EC Department PEC University of Technology Chandigarh 160012, India ______________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier system where data bits are encoded to multiple sub-carriers, while being transmitted simultaneously. OFDM modulation can reduce the influence of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and enables high-quality communication, and is increasingly being used in environments that exhibit severe multipath. Although OFDM in theory has been in existence for a long time, recent developments in digital signal processing (DSP) and field programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies have made it a feasible option. In this paper, an implementation of an OFDM transceiver on FPGA by instantiating parameter able signal processing intellectual property (IP) functions is presented. The FPGA resource requirements of the various sub-systems are reported and the design methodology employed IP design, verification and FPGA implementation is described. Recent theoretical studies show much interest on high-level modulation, such as M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), and most related works are based on the assumption of phase synchrony. The possible presence of synchronization error and channel estimation error highlight the demand of analyzing the bit error rate (BER) performance under different phase errors. Assuming synchronization and a general constellation mapping method, which maps the superposed signal into a set of M coded symbols ,this paper, analytically derive the BER for M-QAM We obtain an approximation of BER for general M-QAM modulations, as well as exact BER for quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), i.e. 4QAM.The simulation is done on MATLAB 2013 environment.


This study analyzes factors affecting international student's intentional m-learning use in higher education. Using the UTAUT model and four other variables, a framework was developed. Data was collected from seventeen students' from a Canadian public university. This data was analyzed using the SPSS version 24.0 and WarpPLS 5.0. Results show that performance expectancy and effort expectancy equally predicts m-learning behavioral intention in higher education. Furthermore, social factors have the highest significant factor on the behavioral intention. Finally, facilitating condition negatively influences m-learning behavioral intention. This study presents both theoretical and empirical contribution in order to understand predicting variables on m-learning use in higher education.


Neuroreceptors are involved in many neurological diseases and represent the preferential target for the pharmacological treatments. Thus functional studies of their activity, by the use of electrophysiological techniques, are a fundament approach to understand not only the pathological mechanism of many neurological diseases but also the mechanism of action of potential drugs. Unfortunately, this cannot be applied for studying the receptor activity in all the human tissues. The option is the use of animal models, however they often resemble only some of the neurological diseases in human. In addition, adult or old animals are not always suitable for electrophysiological studies of age-related diseases. Here, we propose the microtransplantation technique as a novel and useful method to study receptors in humans and, more in general, in adult animals. Index Terms — receptors, Xenopus oocytes, microtransplantation, neurological diseases, two-electrode voltage-clamp _____________________________________________________________________ S. Passamonti, S. Gustincich, T. Lah Turnsek, B. Peterlin, R. Pisot, P. Storici (Eds.) CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS with an analysis of innovation management and knowledge transfer potential for a smart specialization strategy ISBN 978-88-8303-572-2 / e-ISBN 978-88-8303-573-9. EUT, 2014. CROSS-BORDER ITALY-SLOVENIA BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH: ARE WE READY FOR HORIZON 2020?


Performance simulation for driver-tricycle-road hasn't been reported currently. According to rigid-flexible coupling dynamic theory, this article took the frame and the spring as the spatial flexible body, used the UA tire model, considered the engine and the road surface drove, established tricycle rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model based on driver-tricycle-road environment and simulated its system modality, acceleration and brake dynamic characteristic. The simulation result indicated this tricycle has the good dynamic performance and the conclusion has the important project practical value.


The present invention relates to a developer cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the same. The developing cartridge according to the invention has a main frame with the photosensitive member, and a developing apparatus having a rotating shaft parallel with said photoconductor; And coupled driven members so as to be rotatable on the rotation shaft of the developing apparatus; East and around which have axes parallel to the motorized rotating shaft of the developing apparatus can be connected to the driven members and a transmission; And rotatably supporting the rotating shaft and an axis wherein the transmission of the developing device, a unit casing which is supported so as to be rotated on the body frame approaches the developing apparatus to rotate in a direction matching the operating rotation direction of the photosensitive member to the photosensitive body and .; Installed on the body frame characterized in that it comprises a driving unit for rotating and driving the motor-driven portion in the same direction as the operating rotation direction of the photosensitive member. Thereby, it becomes possible to constantly keep the developing gap (gap) between the developing device and the photosensitive member. Image formation, the developing cartridge, a developing device, a developing device, the photosensitive gap


With many intellectual property protection (IPP) strategies to choose from, firms can protect their intellectual property by using different intellectual property protection systems (IPS), including macro-level IPS, micro-level IPS and meso-level IPS. In order to study the differences of these systems, we construct a framework based on governance theory, the framework containing three dimensions: (1) institutional design of IPS; (2) implementation of institution; (3) long-term survival and continuation of IPP institution. Then we conduct a case study to figure out cluster IPP mode in a cluster of Zhejiang to illustrate our framework at meso-level.


Postoperative myocardial injury, as defined by troponin elevation, is strongly associated with adverse events in many non-cardiac surgery populations. The majority of such events, however, is silent and therefore difficult to diagnose. In order to facilitate risk stratification and early recognition of postoperative myocardial injury, routine troponin assessment was implemented. In spite of its association with adverse events, one should acknowledge that this does not imply a causal relation. Indeed, ST-elevation myocardial infarctions are rare and cardiac interventions were deemed necessary in just 16% of patients with troponin elevation. Also, cardiac death within one year was infrequent in patients with troponin elevation. This suggests that most troponin elevations are a byproduct of prior coronary artery disease or a poor clinical condition rather than a primary cardiac event. Here, patient-specific characteristics (e.g. pre-existent cardiac, renal or cerebral disease) and procedure-specific characteristics (e.g. anemia, tachycardia, tachy-arrhythmia, stroke or sepsis) can be considered as the substrate and the trigger for myocardial injury, respectively. Of note, substrate and triggers vary significantly between different study populations. For instance, cerebral pathology and pulmonary embolism (which also correlate to a poor prognosis) proved to be highly prevalent in patients with postoperative troponin elevations. These events, however, were mostly silent and routine diagnostics (anamnesis, physical examination and electrocardiography) proved insufficiently sensitive and specific. Additional imaging modalities should therefore be considered more accessibly, which should consecutively be used for further interventional strategies.


The diffusion of electrons across a magnetic field in the presence of a beam–plasma instability has been studied by means of two‐dimensional numerical simulations. It is found that the beam electrons can diffuse much faster across the magnetic field than the thermal electrons. This can be explained by the fact that the electrons in the beam are in resonance with the waves excited by the beam–plasma instability so that they experience a nearly d.c. electric field, causing large cE×B/B2 excursions.


The information is carried through the hopping of frequency in DFH(Differential frequency hopping).If only the frequency is detected out,the information can be recovered.One method of hop detecting based on STFT is put forward,and the frequency features of HF DFH signal in one hop time is analyzed through it in this paper.Combining with the G function,it can detect the possible frequency.The simulation shows the detecting result is good in several kinds of HF channel.


Background: The uterus is the vital organ of female reproductive system which holds the fetus during pregnancy. Diseases of uterus has been broadly grouped into inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions. In our study hysterectomy specimens were studied and results were compared with their clinical diagnosis. Primary aim of our study was to correlate the histopathological features of the disease with its clinical diagnosis.
Material & Methods: This was a retrospective study and included 277 hysterectomy specimens received over 2 year periods. Patient data was retrieved from the medical records and histopathology requisition form which included age, clinical findings, histopathological diagnosis, indication of hysterectomy and type of hysterectomy done. Histopathological findings from the cervix, endometrium, myometrium, ovaries and fallopian tubes of each and every hysterectomy specimen were noted.
Result: A total of 277 cases were analyzed. Patient's age ranged from 16 to 85 years thus included reproductive age group, perimenopausal and post- menopausal women. In our study most common indication for hysterectomy was abnormal uterine bleeding in 33.9 % cases followed by fibroid in 22% cases. The commonest chief complaint was heavy menstrual bleeding in 35.0% cases followed by abdominal pain in 32.5% cases. Majority of the patients were in 36-45year age group.
Conclusion: Majority of the hysterectomy cases post - operatively were consistent with the clinical diagnosis, histopathological examination is still the gold standard test to diagnose and rule out malignancy and compulsory for all the surgical specimens.


The peripheral changes of local heat transfer coefficients on a near horizontal tube of 50.8 mm diameter are investigated in saturated water at atmospheric pressure. The inclination angle of the tube is varied from the horizontal position to 9° in steps of 3°. The azimuthal angle for the maximum local coefficient approaches to the lowermost regions of the tube circumference as the inclination angle and the heat flux increase. The location of the minimum heat transfer coefficient is observed at the top of the tube and is unchanged regardless of the tube inclination variation. The major mechanisms changing the heat transfer are regarded as the liquid agitation generated by sliding bubbles and bubble coalescence.


Second language acquisition (SLA) researchers have long been engaged in investigating the effect of a range of learner individual differences (IDs, e.g., motivation, anxiety and aptitude) on L2 learning and achievement. At the same time, there are no more than a few studies focusing of on learner personality and its place in SLA and the relationship between personality traits and other ID variables. One such underappreciated and thus poorly recognized personality trait is grit, understood as a combination of perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The present paper reports a study in which grit was investigated among advanced university students majoring in English with the help of a language-specific grit scale and semi-structured interviews. The empirical considerations are preceded by a small number of theoretical comments on the nature of grit and related research that was conducted to date. The paper ends with the discussion of future research directions and possible pedagogical implications.


Abstract The nuclear DNA content of 23 chondrichthyan species (9 Squalomorphii, 11 Batoidea and 3 Galeomorphii) has been studied. Their genome size ranged from 5.4 pg/N in Raja clavata (Batoidea) to 32.3 pg in Etmopterus spinax (Squalomorphii). The lowest values so far recorded for selachians have been reported within the Batoidea, with a slight interspecific variability at the intrafamilial level. In contrast, the Squalomorphii displayed a high DNA content, with values mostly above those of all the other selachians hitherto assayed, and with a wide interspecific variability at the intrafamilial level. The results are discussed in relation to the data for other Chondrichthyes, and comparison is made with the genome size in other vertebrate classes.


The frequency dependence of the ultrasonic propagation properties of canine lung inflated to a density of 0.4 g/cm3 are reported. The attenuation increases exponentially with frequency, and the speed of propagation increases linearly with frequency.


more difficult. At present only systems of medicine seem to be sufficient to give anything like a complete view of the subject. So great indeed of late years has been the development and specialization of our art, that the practitioner who cares to be well informed in his profession must load the shelves of his library with special treatises on nearly every organ of the body. This is, no doubt, symptomatic of progress; and no science makes progress unless divided and subdivided


Abstract This paper focuses on the use of embedded tools and support materials within a web-basedsimulated classroom environment. The developed simulation prototype allows the user to adopt therole of a Kindergarten teacher where they have to "teach" a typical literacy episode that we havecalled "days of the week". During this episode the user is asked to make decisions about theorganisation of the classroom, management of the classroom, and the teaching and learningexperiences to be offered.A key component of this on-line simulation is the incorporation of an embedded tool, referred to asa thinking space, at decisive points. Support materials have also been incorporated throughout thesimulation to encourage the user to look at the theory and wider knowledge base around the issuesthey encounter. These components of the simulation have been developed to encourage users tothink more deeply about their role as a classroom teacher. As users make decisions throughout therunning time of the simulated classroom episode, they are supported with embedded thinkingspaces and regular student updates organised according to the NSW pedagogy model (DET, 2003).We report on the data that we have collected about use of the embedded tools and support materialsby a cohort of pre-service teachers.


Abstract We studied how habitat selection influences the distribution and densities of a stenotypic yellowcheek darter Etheostoma moorei (Raney and Suttkus) and eurytypic rainbow darter E. caeruleum (Storer) in a headwater stream subjected to periodic drying. We spatially sampled in habitats within riffle substrates and at four sites four to six times per year in the Middle Fork of the Little Red River. Yellowcheek darters were associated with cobble and gravel more than rainbow darters. Rainbow darters moved along the substrate surface and positioned themselves further downstream in riffles, whereas yellowcheek darters occurred further upstream in or near crevices between gravel and cobble. Neither species was found in the hyporheic zone during riffle drying. The rainbow darters used pools during riffle drying but not yellowcheek darters, which could explain recolonization of previously dry upstream sites by rainbow darters but not yellowcheek darters. Rainbow darters were at their greatest densities in upstream riffles where yellowcheek darters had not recolonized, suggesting niche partitioning. These temporal differences in microhabitat selection appear to enable the coexistence of these two sympatric and ecologically similar darters.


Stalistic or uslub within an idiom will play a role in delivering a meaningful message as a meaning contained in the verse of al-Qur`an. The main concern of stalistic is the style, which it is a way used by a speaker or writer to deliver his purpose using a language. It is a style that could be translated into language style. Language of al-Qur`an verses are magnificent, which are much different with the Arabic verses. The al-Qur`an verses could deliver an abstract thing of a phenomenon which could be felt so that we feel the dynamic spirit. The aim of this study is to observe the stalistic of al-Qur`an verses in term of history of pre-Islam Arab. To limit the scope of the study, stalistics study is limited to only four aspects, they are ikhtiyar al-alfaz aspect (word reference), ikhtiyar al-jumlah (sentence structure reference), rethorical style aspect and proverb style aspect. To reach the aim we need to analyze the library literature of the al-Qur`an verses. The result of this study shows that the stalistic of al-Qur`an language, which inform us about pre-Islam tamadun Arab, plays an important role in ensuring a message of that al-Qur`an verse could be delivered in a more meaningful and impressive way of dakwah in the era of prophet Muhammad until now. Indeed, the position of stalistic particularly in language study and generally in balaghah study is a part of al-Qur`an uslub and it is proven that no one could compete it. The important point is that this study shall be learnt by not only the religion and Arabic course, but also all moslems.


The success of social insect colonies is dependent upon efficient and dynamic allocation of resources to alternate queen and worker castes. The developmental and molecular mechanisms regulating the caste fate of individual larvae in response to environmental cues have been the focus of intense study. However, the mechanisms regulating colony-level resource allocation into alternate castes (i.e. caste allocation ratios) are less well studied. Here, we systematically manipulate colony demography to elucidate the social regulatory mechanisms of caste allocation in the ant Monomorium pharaonis. We find that differences in caste allocation result from differences in timing and efficiency of culling of very young reproductive-destined larvae, which are always present in colonies. Based on our results, we develop a conceptual model depicting how colonies integrate numerous individual-level caste determination decisions to regulate colony-level caste allocation. We propose that adult workers make decisions about culling larvae based on the ratio of the number of workers to the number of eggs contained in colonies, likely signalled by pheromone present on eggs. This strategy is a bet-hedging strategy which enables the dynamic alteration of colony demography in response to internal and external conditions. The strategy is likely key to the ability of M. pharaonis and similar ants to thrive in disturbed habitats and to become widespread invasive species. Significance Statement The defining feature of social insect societies is the presence of alternate queen (reproductive) and worker (non-reproductive) castes of individuals. The fitness of social insect colonies is dependent upon efficient allocation of resources to alternate castes, particularly in the case of highly polygynous (multi-queen) societies. However, the mechanisms by which such societies regulate caste allocation are largely unknown. In this study, we show that colonies manipulate their production of queens (and also males) versus workers according to the present density of eggs in the colony, which serves as a reliable indicator of queens' fertility. Provided egg density is high, colonies kill queen-and male-destined larvae; when egg density falls, colonies begin to rear queens and males. This flexible resource allocation strategy is key to the ability of highly polygynous species to thrive in marginal (often human-associated) habitats.


This paper presents a comprehensive metric analysis of Bach's Brandenburg Concertos, with particular emphasis on the issues of metric conflict. The analytic methodology is based on the work of Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff, while the analytic notation used is based partly on that of Lerdahl and Jackendoff and partly on that of Jonathan Kramer, with some original modifications. The paper discusses the factors generating metric conflict, along with its distribution, correlation with other structural parameters, and functional effects. The relationship between metric conflict and fluctuations in the depth of metric hierarchy is examined in detail. Some cases of metric displacement and metric irregularity are examined, when they form part of the context for particular episodes of conflict. The conclusion argues for an approach to interpreting this and similar repertoires that leaves room for the emergence in performance of the independent metric organization of different parts, as an integral part of the ebb and flow of musical tension.


This study proposes to analyze the discourse of workers in a Psychosocial Care Center regarding the operation of the ideologies which express the dimension of social practices incorporated at this service. This was a qualitative research, and the corpus was originated by transcription of semi-structured interviews, applied to 17 out of the 25 workers of a substitute service in a city in southern Brazil. The theoretical-methodological analysis of the operation of ideologies by John Thompson was used. The discourse analysis of the workers' practice shows a plurality of ideological manifestations, so that they reserve the changing practices with innovative and creative features such as the maintenance of obsolete models, hindering or even preventing these changes. In conclusion, these issues should be worked continuously in everyday services, being a major challenge to the consolidation of the psychiatric reform in Brazil. DESCRIPTORS: Mental health. Psychiatric nursing. Health care reform.


Importance of vegetable oils in food industry is fast growing due to rising popularity of the wholesome food. Application of vegetable oils in different technical branches is connected with tendency to promote utilization of renewable raw materials and production of environmentally friendly products. Vegetable oils can be used for frying and salads as well as spices extracts, food additives, for massages, aromtherapy a.o. Wide field for utilization of vegetable oils is production of biodiesel fuel (fatty acid methyl- and ethylesters). Investigations about stabilization of pumpkin seed and oilseed pumpkin oils with BHT, ascorbylpalmitate and ascorbic acid were carried out. Investigations on oxidative stabilization of rape oil methyl- and ethylesters RME, REE (biodiesel fuels) with antioxidants at room and 60 oC temperature were carried out. Investigations about antioxidant properties of rosemary, basil and ginger extracts were carried out.


Two lenses (8, 10) as ski goggles of the type comprising a frame (2) of flexible material for supporting the optical system composed of the lenses facing each other are connected to each other by a sealing gasket 14, the gasket forms the air chamber 12 with the lens, and also has the gasket (14), at least one hole connecting the air chamber and the outside is provided, and the hole, the air can permeate, but the water in the built-in can not be transmitted through material 16, the ski goggles, the gasket 14 has a cylindrical sheet that is filled with the material (16) communicating the outside and through the at least one channel 20 characterized by forming a (seat).


This communication describes the conversion of a non-flocculent yeast to a flocculent one by a YCp type vector (single copy plasmid) containing a gene fragment of S. cerevisiae ABXL-1D and the flocculence phenotype conferred by the cloned gene


It has been stated that in certain human or mammalian tumors the number of chromosomes is much decreased, even to half. It has also been stated that the number of chromosomes is greatly increased in other tumors. But the correct number of chromosomes in man has been known only during the last few years, chiefly through the accurate microscopic work of de Winiwarter and of Painter. It is now certain that there are twenty-four pairs in the human female, including two sex chromosomes, and twenty-three pairs and one sex chromosome in the human male. (Painter believed that he had found also a small Y chromosome in the male. This Y, if present, is possibly blank for purposes of inheritance.) In view of the conflicting results of previous attempts at counting the chromosomes in dividing cells of malignant and benign human tumors, chromosomal counts are being


Objective: Within international relations, power considered as a complex concept. It consists of at least two dimensions which are the scope and the domain. The rapid developments of information-technology among actors bring consequences on how the concept of power perceived in international politics. It limiting the scope and widening the domain at the same time.

Method: This paper aims to put assessment on Indonesia's cyber power through qualitative method. Firstly, the paper begins with a brief overview on the rising number of cyber threats in global level and how some state actors react to the obstacles.

Result: As Joseph Nye mentioned that the shifting features of cyberspace decrease some of the power discrepancies among global politics actors, and create so-called the diffusion of power that epitomizes international relations in this century. Indonesia as one of the major countries in Southeast Asia Region is also inquired to respond such challenge by developing their cyber capabilities.

Conclusion: It concludes by analysing the aspects of cyber power in Indonesia through qualitative method and also proposing on how Indonesia can utilize the power effectively to face contemporary challenges.

Originality/Value: This paper then considers the development of cyber capacities in Indonesia as its respond to the international phenomenon.


Introduction: Caries is a common disease with a complex etiology, classified as a civilization disease. In Poland, it affects up to 90% of children. According to research, 99.9% of Poles between 34 and 44 years old have or have been suffering from caries moreover, only 5.4% of those in the group have full dentition. An important role in the resistance to caries is adequate mineralization of hard tissues. The relationship between the level of vitamin D, which participates in proper bone mineralization and the presence of caries in the oral cavity, has been studied for years. In Poland, it is recommended to supplement vitamin D in children and adults from September to May and the whole year if skin production is insufficient. Material and methods: The analysis of the correlation between the occurrence of caries and the level of vitamin D in the blood serum was made on the basis of articles published in the last 7 years, available in the database PubMed. Results: Available researches from last seven years suggest strong correlation between level of vitamin D in serum and occupancy of caries among children.


In lexicography a good review is important for the dictionary maker(s), the publishing house and the whole lexicographical community. It is also important for the reviewers because it can expand their research record. Up to a few years ago reviews were still acknowledged in research databases. Currently they can be included in a database, but they do not count as scientific outputs. The situation for peer reviews is similar. Peer reviews are an important quality assurance tool in the scientific publication process. Good peer reviews have some mutual characteristics with reviews, especially regarding ethical aspects. But there are essential differences. These issues are discussed in this paper and some methodological and ethical proposals for peer reviews are made. One of the proposals could create a debate because it argues for an open peer review process and not for the so-called double blind peer review. Another proposal focuses on the role of the editor and his ability to decide if a peer review should be rejected and not be forwarded to the author.


I present the concept of creative art as a junction of the fundamental situations that make of art – art. I shed light on the concept through connecting creation, as an impulse corresponding to the concept of φύσις, to art, as a frame corresponding to νόμος and the human form. I demonstrate that the concept, as much as it presupposes a depth ontology (possible as a metaphysically reflected ontology) speaks of categorical dyads, such as those of inner and outer, and immaterial and material. The later I consider as already grasped by the metaphysics of antiquity, according to which I therefore clarify the historical situation of my attempt: the reflection of the continuation of the metaphysical tradition through the topic of art, considering how this tradition always pushed itself against the consideration of art in its metaphysical light.


A flexible microplasma discharge device (MDD) was successfully developed for sterilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium, using ambient air as the sterilizing agent. The MDD was fabricated by sandwiching a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, as the dielectric layer, between two layers of flexible copper tape, as top and bottom electrodes. The copper tape was patterned in a honeycomb and circular design for the top and bottom electrodes, respectively, using laser ablation. The sterilizing capability of the MDD was investigated by testing the effect of varying parameters including gap distance (1 mm to 9 mm) and treatment time (10 seconds to 300 seconds) for the sterilization of P. aeruginosa. A sterilization efficacy of 100% was achieved for gap distances ranging from 1 mm to 9 mm, when compared to the control. In addition, sterilization efficacies of 99.9% and 100% was achieved with a treatment time of 10 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively. Surface temperatures ranging from 26.2 °C to 72.8 °C were observed as the input voltage was increased from 4 V to 10.5 V, respectively. The performance of the MDD is analyzed and presented in this paper.


To inquire into the relation of first feed time of the fifth instar to time of mass mounting and yield of cocoons,the trials of first feeding at the time of morning ,afternoon and night were conducted in the simultaneous rearing silkworm .The time of 4th molting was separated at 30h,36h,48h. The results showed that the time of mass mounting at night first feeding was later than in both morning and afternoon ,and the yield of cocoon came down as the time delay of first feeding.


ö The field of reliability prediction is not stagnant ö Driven by need for new materials, new technologies ö Driven by demand for faster time to market (can not test everything) ö Driven by limited resources (can not FEA everything!) ö Be aware when knowledge is sufficient, validated by a physical understanding and testing, to proceed with modeling and simulation.


We present an all optically tunable wavelength-selective reflector for planar lightwave technology based on coupled microring resonators. By employing the Vernier effect, we demonstrate narrow-band reflection and strong side-lobe suppression in an optical polymer device fabricated by soft lithography. Wide and simple tuning of the reflection peak using an external control beam is demonstrated.


The authors study the problem of asymptotically stabilising a class of switched neutral systems whose states cannot be directly measured. A state observer for each individual subsystem is constructed, based on which a switching law and a switching controller are designed. The designed switching law sufficiently considers the delayed states information. The authors adopt the multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals method to obtain a sufficient solvability condition for stabilisation which possesses less conservativeness. The authors also extend this method to stabilise switched neutral systems with time-varying structural uncertainties. Two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors' proposed method.


17 Annual International Conference on Recent Advances in Echocardiography, March 17, 2001 Orlando, Florida. Held just prior to the American College of Cardiology meetings. Director: Navin C. Nanda, M.D. For information contact: Lindy Chapman or Blanche McCoy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heart Station SW/S102, 619 19 Street South, Birmingham, AL 35249-6846. Tel: 205-934-8256; Fax: 205-9346747; E-mail: email@example.com


Viroids are small, non-coding, pathogenic RNAs with a significant ability of adaptation to several basic cellular processes in plants. TFIIIA-7ZF, a splicing variant of transcription factor IIIA, is involved in replication of nuclear-replicating viroids by DNA-dependent polymerase II. We overexpressed NbTFIIIA-7ZF from Nicotiana benthamiana in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) where it caused morphological and physiological deviations like plant stunting, splitting of leaf petioles, pistils or apexes, irregular branching of shoots, formation of double-blade leaves, deformation of main stems, and modification of glandular trichomes. Plant aging and senescence was dramatically delayed in transgenic lines. Factors potentially involved in viroid degradation and elimination in pollen were transiently depressed in transgenic leaves. This depressed "degradome" in young plants involved NtTudor S-like nuclease, dicers, argonoute 5, and pollen extracellular nuclease I showing expression in tobacco anthers and leaves. Analysis of the "degradome" in tobacco leaves transformed with either of two hop viroids confirmed modifications of the "degradome" and TFIIIA expression. Thus, the regulatory network connected to TFIIIA-7ZF could be involved in plant pathogenesis as well as in viroid adaptation to avoid its degradation. These results support the hypothesis on a significant impact of limited TFIIIA-7ZF on viroid elimination in pollen.


Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are common attacks that limit casual users from cracking critical network resources. A method to find the DDoS attack comes to light as an essential and hot research issue. Therefore, the increment in network usage scale demands more challenges to see the DDoS attack. Non‐real‐time collection of network traffic will make sincere complications inaccuracy; DDoS attack detection, and efficiency. Lately, sketch data structures play an excellent role in high‐speed networks to suppress and combine network traffic issues. However, the sketch data structure has issues rebuilding the reverse keys that behave abnormally due to the reversible hash function. To rectify the above difficulties, we include the Chinese Remainder Theorem‐based Reverse Sketching (CRTRS). However, Reverse Sketching is not good at suppressing and combining heavy network traffic, but it can easily detect abnormal keys. According to the network traffic records setup by CRTRS, we add the Modified Cumulative Sum Quality Control Scheme (MCSQCS) that encourages DDoS attack detection. The enforcement of the proposed work with DDoS attack detection has two kind of different data sets. The result of the experiments shows that it gives more accuracy and efficiency in detecting DDoS attacks. Therefore, comparing other DDoS detecting methods with the sketch data structure has fewer computational complications. Improving the anomalous keys is the most critical challenge in this proposed work. To illustrate the accuracy rate, we experiment with a new technique called CIC‐Friday Heavy network traffic fragment. We also explain the experimental results of the MAWI heavy network fragment with the various parameter setups. To compare our proposed method with other similar existing methods, we use a sketch data structure to manage the network traffic data. It also uses the MSPCA method to detect the DDoS attack. The information‐based analysis helps to see the DDoS attack. The result analysis of True Positive Value (TPV) and False Positive Value (FPV) with MSPCA techniques has 79% and .1% accuracy. Similarly, information‐based detection has an accuracy of about 90% and 5%. Hence, the proposed method gives more accuracy for the detection of DDoS attacks.


Cornelius N and Martínez Lucio M (2012) Introduction: Representation, Labour Markets and Immigrant and Minority Ethnic Workers—Networking, New Forms of Representation and Politics in the Multi-ethnic City. Urban Studies 49(3): 587–594. Doi: 10.1177/0042098011431621.


This paper presents some propositions about the qualifications for the job, demonstrating the development of theoretical construction from Friedmann (1973 and 1983) and Naville (1956, 1973 and 1973a), furthermore, identifies the "qualification" in the context of the 21st century. The research took a qualitative approach, guided by critical evaluation systematic literature. Among the results obtained, it is worth noting that the idea of qualification does not seem to be more sufficient, it is imperative to hold professional skills that allow solving with effectiveness a number of situations within the company.


Sushi Train located in Tulsa Oklahoma provides the finest Sushi restaurant with fresh fish and the very best in Dining at a Tulsa Restaurant.


Background Multi-site studies facilitate the study of rare outcomes or exposures through integrating patient information from several distinct care sites. Due to patient privacy concerns, sharing of patient-level information among collaborating sites is often prohibited, suggesting a need for privacy-preserving data analysis methods. Several such methods exist, but have been shown to sometimes result in biased estimation or require extensive communication among sites. Objective We present a communication-efficient, privacy-preserving method for performing distributed regression on Electronic Health Records (EHR) data across multiple sites for zero-inflated count outcomes. Our approach is motivated by two real-world data problems: examining risk factors associated with pediatric avoidable hospitalization and modeling frequency of serious adverse events in colorectal cancer patients. Methods We use hurdle regression, a two-part (logistic-Poisson) regression model, to characterize the effects of risk factors on zero-inflated count outcomes. We develop a one-shot algorithm for performing hurdle regression (ODAH) across multiple sites, using individual patient data at one site and aggregated data from all other sites to approximate the complete data log likelihood. We evaluate ODAH through extensive simulations and an application to EHR data from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium. We compare ODAH estimates to those from meta-analysis and pooled analysis (all patient data pooled together, the gold standard). Results In simulations, ODAH estimates exhibited bias relative to the gold standard of less than 0.1% across several settings. In contrast, meta-analysis estimated exhibited relative bias up to 12.7%, largely dependent on event rate. When applying ODAH to CHOP data, relative biases for estimates in both components of the hurdle model were less than 5.1%, while meta-analysis estimates exhibited relative bias as high as 63.6%. When analyzing OneFlorida data, ODAH relative biases were less than 10% for eight of the ten estimated coefficients, while meta-analysis estimates again showed substantially greater bias. Conclusions Our simulations and real-world applications suggest ODAH is a promising method for performing privacy-preserving distributed learning on EHR data when modeling zero-inflated count outcomes.


The indispensable professional who will carry the primary responsibility for mainstreaming is the regular classroom teacher. While mainstreaming may be imposed by binding laws, the manner in which the regular classroom teacher responds to the needs of the special child may be a far more potent variable in ultimately determining the success of mainstreaming than any administrative or organizational structure.


My doctoral research has treated about the description of more than one hundred types of pollens of endemic plants from the Balearic Islands (Spain), giving me the opportunity to reveal that among the pollen of the Shroud, there is a copy, difficult to classify and recognize, which belongs to the Asteraceae family that may have been key in preparing the body during the funeral ritual. Other described pollens on the Shroud, which appear in counts with significant values, would also confirm the practiced ritual.


This paper is an attempt to clarify some of our ideas about numerical data, measurements, mathematical operations, and significant figures.


In this article, we conducted a screening T315I mutation, which is the cause of resistance of patients during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We found seven T315I mutations by direct sequencing and confirmed them by RFLP analysis. The frequency of T315I mutation in CML patients from Bashkortostan was 14%.


In 1958 Durand published an account of an infant with vomiting and diarrhoea since birth, and he demonstrated the presence of lactose in the urine. Since that time more widespread attention has been paid to sugar intolerance in infants, and an increasing number of reports on such cases have been published. A survey of the available published material suggests that two forms of this condition exist, which from a clinical and biochemical standpoint show certain distinguishing features. In the first, diarrhoea is the presenting symptom and the occurrence of vomiting is not stressed: in these cases mellituria occurs but rarely, or not at all; where such studies have been carried out, tolerance curves utilizing the offending sugar have been flat, suggesting impairment of absorption from the intestinal lumen. The diarrhoea in these cases is deemed to be caused by the presence of large quantities of unhydrolysed and unabsorbed sugars in the intestine, and is mediated by osmotic factors or by bacterial action. Characteristically the stools are frothy, strongly acid, and have a high lactic acid content. Such cases have been described by Holzel, Schwarz and Sutcliffe (1959), Durand (1960), Holzel, Mereu and Thomson (1962), Bach, Thiriez, Schaefer and Cayroche (1962), Lindquist and Meeuwisse (1962), Grenet, Lestradet, Dugas, Iniguez and Gourgon (1962). In the second type, the presenting symptom is intractable vomiting with or without the presence of diarrhoea; mellituria is a prominent feature of these cases and where tolerance curves have been carried out, absorption does not appear to have been impaired. Such cases have been described by Woodruff (1958), Durand (1960), Darling, Mortensen and S0ndergaard (1960), Inall (1960), Jeune, Charrat, Cotte, Fournier and Hermier (1960), Heese and Potgieter (1961), Holzel et al. (1962). In addition to the mellituria an abnormal aminoaciduria has been observed by Darling et al. (1960) and by Heese and Potgieter (1961). Woodruff (1958) noted the presence of phenylalanine in the urine of one of his cases. On the other hand Inall (1960) did not detect any abnormality in the amino acid pattern. Bach et al. (1962) noted increased amino acid excretion in their case where diarrhoea was the dominant feature and mellituria was not present. In the present communication we wish to describe three further cases in which vomiting was the predominant symptom and in which mellituria and aminoaciduria were also present.


Graphic electromagnetic computing (GRECO) method can be used for computing EM scattering of complex targets. The modification of the computing kernel code is presented according to the theory of computer graphics and the original computing kernel. The judgement on the edges of complex targets is more sufficient and exact after the modification. As to the singular points in the expressions of diffraction coefficients f and g, exact values are given by averaging values in the vicinity of singular points, the computing results of diffraction field are more exact than the original ones.


Former consultant urological surgeon Newport (b Hampshire 1957; q Cambridge/London 1981; FRCS, FRCS (Urol), FEBU), died from cardiac arrhythmia on 12 May 2004.2004.

Figure 1

Winsor began specialist training in urology in 1987, and in 1990 was seconded for 18 months to St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, as visiting fellow and later staff consultant. While there he performed innovative laparoscopic surgery, including nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. In 1993 he was appointed to the Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, where he set up the first radical prostatectomy service in Wales, and a prostate cancer research unit. He published widely and in 2000 edited the book Challenges in Prostate Cancer. Winsor set up a support group for prostate cancer patients and their carers, the first of its kind in the United Kingdom. In 1996 he was medical adviser to the BBC 2 series The Male Survival Guide. He leaves a wife, Pauline, and three children.


iAbstract Honey contamination with heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead can cause major health problems such as cancer, congenital disorders and intoxication. This review was conducted on all published studies about honey contamination with heavy metals in Iran during recent 10 years (2003-2013). Data were collected using Pubmed, Science Direct, Elsevier, SID, magiran, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) databases. Although the honey contamination with heavy metals was below the allowable level in most studies, but there were reports of high level of contamination especially in industrial regions. Honey was less contaminated compared to the honeybee and pollen. Acute intoxication due to consumption of honey contaminated with heavy metals is unlikely in Iran.


In standard histological slide preparations, only a few representative samples are taken, which introduces sampling bias and necessarily eschews information about the full tissue sample. However, it is possible to obtain a full 3D data set of an entire tissue sample using the Knife Edge Scanning Microscope (KESM), an automated simultaneous sectioning and imaging microscope. In this study, we performed manual counts of metastases of colorectal cancer in mouse model lungs stained with India ink and hematoxylin and eosin, which were then sectioned and imaged in their entirety. We were able to get more accurate count of tumor foci than the current standard of surface nodule count can allow; multiple tumor foci were buried hundreds of microns deep into the parenchyma and hence not grossly visible from the surface. Volumetric analysis of whole samples also revealed unusual tumor morphology and permitted the visualization of unique architectural features where multiple tumor foci had grown together. Following the manual count of tumor foci, we developed a semi‐automated algorithm that could increase the efficiency of screening for foci, and create the opportunity for digital 3D reconstruction and morphology interrogation. Without access to a full dataset of the lungs, it is impossible to determine true foci number or morphology.


Objective To analyze the distribution of weight for height and the change trend in 1995-2005 among students in Shandong Province, and to provide bases for the preventive measures of nutrition.Methods The students aged 7-18 in Shandong were drawn based on data from the 1995 and 2005 national survey on students constitution and health.By using the 1985 standard of weight for height,they were divided into five groups: malnutrition,low weight,normal weight,overweight and obesity.A comparative study was made on the proportions of these groups.Results The nutritional status of students appeared two peaks,ie malnutrition and low weight existed as well as over weight and obesity and the prevalence rate of normal weight was only 50%.Significant differences of nutritional status could be found among various areas.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity increased doubly from 1995 to 2005.However,malnutrition and low weight were still common,trend of the polarization was obvious in nutritional status among students.Conclusion Nutritional status is poor among students in Shandong.It is important to develop effective measures to prevent overweight and obesity.


We propose an algorithm for next query recommendation in interactive data exploration settings, like knowledge discovery for information gathering. The state-of-the-art query recommendation algorithms are based on sequence-to-sequence learning approaches that exploit historical interaction data. Due to the supervision involved in the learning process, such approaches fail to adapt to immediate user feedback. We propose to augment the transformer-based causal language models for query recommendations to adapt to the immediate user feedback using multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework. We conduct a large-scale experimental study using log files from a popular online literature discovery service and demonstrate that our algorithm improves the per-round regret substantially, with respect to the state-of-the-art transformer-based query recommendation models, which do not make use of immediate user feedback. Our data model and source code are available at https://github.com/shampp/exp3_ss


Thanksgiving is one of the good qualities that modern college students will have to possess and so the thanksgiving education in universities is an important task that universities will have to carry out.In the universities of Xinjiang,an important content of college students' thanksgiving education is ethnic solidarity education which is cored with thanking Chinese nation.The paper investigates the thanksgiving education in some universities of Xinjiang and finds that the students in universities of Xinjiang have indifferent awareness of thanksgiving and they often don't take thanksgiving activities which are directly related to the slack thanksgiving education in universities.Therefore the author of the paper contends that thanksgiving education in universities should be intensified.


Carbon emissions from human activities are the main cause of climate warming. Under the background of economic and social digital transformation, accurately assessing the carbon emission reduction effect of the development of the digital economy is of great significance for countries to deal with climate warming in the post-COVID-19 era. This paper constructs a dynamic evaluation model of orthogonal projection to measure the level of digital economy development at the provincial level in China from 2007 to 2019. On this basis, the panel fixed effects model and mediation model are used to empirically test the impact of digital economy development on carbon emission intensity and its mechanism. The results indicate that: (1) The development of China's digital economy is unbalanced among regions, showing a geospatial pattern of decreasing from east to west. (2) China's carbon emission intensity has a trend of decreasing year by year, and there are geospatial differences of "high in the west and low in the east" and "high in the north and low in the south." (3) The digital economy development can effectively reduce regional carbon emission intensity through industrial structure optimization effect and resource allocation effect, and the industrial structure optimization effect can suppress carbon emission intensity more obviously. (4) The development of digital economy in different regions has different degrees of reducing carbon emission intensity. The development of digital economy in the eastern region has a stronger inhibitory effect on carbon emission intensity than that in the middle and western regions, and the development of digital economy in economically developed regions can suppress carbon emission intensity more. This paper provides enlightenment for policy makers to deal with climate warming.


The technical note considers the cost effectiveness of risk mitigation measures for protection of buildings to terrorist threats. Protective measures might include vehicle barriers, perimeter walls, blast resistant glazing, strengthened perimeter columns, etc. Indicative values of attack probability and characteristics of commercial buildings in the United States are described. The cost effectiveness of protective measures are calculated from a preliminary economic decision analysis that includes cost of the protective measures, attack probability, reduction in risk due to protective measures, and failure consequences. Economic risks due to terrorism are compared with risks from hurricane and seismic hazards.


Protocol was developed for in vitro propagation of Asparagus racemosus L. through induction of organogenesis in nodal segment derived callus tissue. Yellowish-green nodular callus was induced on MS medium fortified with 5.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The callus got differentiated into adventitious shoots when it was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l Kn + 0.5 mg/l NAA. On an average shoots/culture were developed well, compared to control (6.87 ± 0.26). These micro shoots were rooted with 1.0 mg/l IBA and the rooted plantlets were transferred to soil after proper acclimatization.


A method for measuring the distance to photographic objects based on the longitudinal chromatic aberration at which the focal length of the lens and, consequently, the degree of defocusing of the photograph depend on the color range used during shooting is proposed. By performing the local analysis of the spatial Fourier spectrum of the image, which is differently defocused in different spectral ranges, distances are calculated in analytical form. A theoretical justification of the proposed method is provided, and the results of its practical application for measuring distances to objects of the scene with the help of its color photograph taken using an objective with pronounced chromatic aberration are presented.


This paper deals with inter-user interference suppression methods for an in-band multi-user full-duplex system. Especially, the impact of antenna element spacing on the suppression performance is investigated. We studied two interference suppression methods, i.e. a beam-forming method and non-linear method. We evaluated achievable transmission rate of these methods by using the channel state information measured in an actual outdoor environment. The analysis indicates that the small element spacing offers larger achievable transmission rate when the non-linear method is used. Also, the beam-forming method offers the maximum achievable transmission rate when the element spacing is 0.75 wavelengths.


stants of the Henderson-Hasselbaich equation induced by acute changes in temperature or acid-base homeostasis. This phenomenon adds further support to the contention that, in the assessment of acid-base disorders, total CO2 values be measured and not calculated. As pointed out by Dr. Hyde, calculated bicarbonate values will be incorrect if the constants in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation have changed.


Nutraceuticals are organic and traditional foods consumed nowadays to maintain a healthy lifestyle and get rid of lifestyle diseases like obesity, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, etc. Globally, herbal products have become increasingly popular in recent years. Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) is a nutraceutical proven to be a dietary supplement and beneficial for cancer-suffering patients. Wheatgrass possesses many beneficial antioxidant properties: anti-cancer activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-fungal activity, and anti-microbial activity. Due to the presence of resistant starch, lignans, phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, and numerous antioxidant components, including carotenoids and tocopherols, this herbal plant is deserving attention as a source of dietary fiber. Patients consume wheatgrass during cancer treatment as an adjunct to reduce toxicity associated with drugs and chemotherapy and ultimately improve long-term outcomes. Studies have proved that wheatgrass helps treat pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. So, the multi-targeted herbal drug—wheatgrass—is used as an adjunct therapy alongside conventional medicine to treat cancer and other diseases. A promising therapeutic nutraceutical for avoiding lifestyle disorders is wheatgrass.


Profinite etale cobordism is a cohomology theory for smooth schemes of finite type over a field. Using an idea of Friedlander, it is constructed as an etale topological analog of the algebraic cobordism theories of Voevodsky and Levine-Morel. With finite coefficients, profinite etale cobordism has a converging Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence starting from etale cohomology. There are interesting comparison maps from algebraic to profinite etale cobordism. We conjecture that algebraic and etale cobordism with finite coefficients are isomorphic after inverting a Bott element. For the development of the theory, we construct a stable category of profinite spectra and an etale realization of the category of stable motivic spectra over a field.


It has been proved that contradictory decisions would be made by using ABC and TOC to select a product mix.To resolve this conflict,this paper proposes a PMAC model to make optimal product-mix decisions based on the assumption of static analysis and maximization of profitability.In this model,the activity cost behavior is analyzed using ABC;the degree of control on the activity capacity is set as an endogenetic variable;the impact of the opportunity cost of the controllable activity capacity on decision is considered;constraints related to decisions are identified by using TOC.A numerical study indicates that the PMAC model is a more general model of the decision.When the control degree on the activity capacity is zero,the optimal product-mix derived from PMAC is the same as that from TOC.When management could impose full control on the activity capacity and there is no opportunity cost,the optimal product-mix derived from PMAC is the same as that from ABC.


This paper presents the communication and using a (DB) Database to Vectorial Compensator. Using the serial communication as means between the compensator and the DB. Employing a datab in MYSQL since the DB is in a web server, later get the visual data in a web site. MySQL was used to the electric's device data storage. To greaster ease of handling of DB, employing as DataBase Management System; "XAMPP".


From drug therapy,body acupuncture,electro-acupuncture therapy,other therapies introduced in the pharmaceutical treatment of stroke upper limb spastic paralysis research profile EA to treat spastic paralysis efficacy significantly,and side effects,patients easily.The main problem is that currently exist: the electro-acupuncture treatment of spastic paralysis only stay in the general summary of the clinical or Efficacy,electro-acupuncture stimulation intensity is not explicitly given;evaluation standard is not unified,single Evaluation;clinical methods each experience,is not easy to repeat the verification and summed up the law;lack of clinical diagnostic and treatment practices,the credibility of the conclusions.Should be in compliance with the principles of evidence-based medicine,to carry out a forward-looking,large sample,multi-center,randomized controlled study standardization.


Tourism economy is not only eyeball economy and well-knownness economy but also brand economy.In spite of rich resources of town tourism in Anhui,there are shortages in their brand construction and management.From the perspective of experience economy,this paper focuses on tourists' experience,discusses some strategies about brand marketing of town tourism to promote fast and sound development of tourism economy in Anhui.


On the wear experiment platform for gear box,38 groups of ferrographic quantitative readings which could characterize the wear degree of the gear were obtained,and the ARMA model theory and the trend analysis method often used to process the ferrographic quantitative readings were introduced.Through the analysis of the principles,advantages and disadvantages of the ARMA model theory and the trend analysis method,a combination of the two methods was proposed for data processing.Time-series modeling was made with the first 35 groups of data and the last 3groups were predicted by using the proposed method.Trend analysis was made to compare the monitored values with the predicted values.The proposed combination for failure prediction of equipment had good precision and could be used as an auxiliary means of wear state prediction.


In urban aerial images,the poor visibility of features in shadowed regions creat ed by buildings prevents recognition of objects.It is necessary to compensate an d remove the shadowed region.In this paper,a fuzzy retinex is proposed to overco me the limitation of the well known image enhancement technique—retinex.The fuz zy retinex restricts the center/surround spatially contrast operation in region with homogeneous illumination so that the robustness of retinex is reinforced in scene with strongly variational illumination.Based on the fuzzy segmentation of an image into shadowed and unshadowed regions,shadows are compensated and remov ed using the fuzzy retinex while the natural tint of original image is retained. The proposed method enriches the research and application domain of the retinex. Experimental results are given to show its effectiveness.


Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 requires that the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), often working through State departments of transportation (DOTs), take into account the effects of road projects on historic properties. This article describes the recent work of two State agencies, the Nebraska Department of Roads (NDOR) and the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), who are leading the way by adopting proactive approaches toward preserving and revitalizing sites of historic significance. The authors emphasize that these two agencies have used thoughtful planning, interagency cooperation, context-sensitive design solutions, and strong partnerships with the FHWA, in their approaches to recent projects. The authors describe the NDOR's comprehensive statewide survey of historic properties along five of the State's earliest automobile routes and the FDOT's work in Ybor City (an historic section near Tampa that is divided by Interstate Route 4). The authors conclude that Section 106 regulations represent an opportunity to incorporate historic preservation into the planning of future transportation infrastructure. Nebraska's catalog of historic resources along its roadways will help planners, road builders, and historians make more informed decisions. In Florida, FDOT and FWHA demonstrated the value of teaming with concerned citizens to preserve historic structures and help restore a community that was torn apart by an interstate highway years before. The article is illustrated with numerous full-color photographs.


ABSTRACT Images from agile (viewing angle over 40°) and very high spatial resolution satellites (inferior to 1 m) can be useful for monitoring cliff faces, which is the best proxy to better understand coastal cliff dynamics. However, these images with a specific configuration are rarely used, partly because it is cumbersome to process them. Based on Pléiades images of the coastal cliff face along the coast of Normandy, with a high angle of incidence (up to 40°) and taken on multiple dates, the paper aims to identify i) the best open-source processing chain to reconstitute three-dimensional (3D) cliff faces by stereo restitution ii) the reasons behind its best performance and iii) the key parameters to change depending on the image datasets or processing chains so as to facilitate transposition. The Ames Stereo Pipeline® (ASP®) and MicMac® software programmes were tested using different parameters (matching algorithm, size of correlation window, etc.) for the 3D reconstructions. MicMac® provides the best performance using GeomImage (1–2 pixel matching) with a size of correlation window of 3 × 3 or 7 × 7 associated with a regularization parameter of 0.10. With these parameters, the point clouds of the cliff face have an average point density of 1.70 point m−2, a mean distance from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ground truth data of 0.04 m and a standard deviation of 1.72 m. With these characteristics, the threshold of rockfall detection using a multi-source comparison is assessed at 100 m3, which involves that the large majority of rockfalls (69%) around the study area could be detected by a diachronic approach. Considering the daily Pléiades revisiting time, this method offers a great opportunity to monitor erosion and to better understand coastal cliff dynamics.


Recently, a number of cases have been proposed which seem to show that – contrary to widely held opinion – a subject can inferentially come to know some proposition p from an inference which relies...


All versions of Sallams journey (except that of Yaqut) say that the homeward journey took twelve months and a couple of days. Many sections of the outward and homeward journeys of the Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang in the 7th century shed light on parts of the alleged outward and homeward journeys of Sallam. Since Xuanzangs itinerary is so much better documented than Sallams homeward journey, it is useful for our purpose to follow the monk again, now from Yumenguan to Tirmidh. This chapter mentions a list of places in both Ibn Khurradadhbihs and al-Idrisis versions of Sallams travel account. It shows how erratic the itinerary of the homeward journey was. Placed on a modern map, Sallams homeward journey started in Yumenguan and took him across the Tarim Basin and the Tianshan Mountains to Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Iraq.Keywords: Sallams homeward journey; Sallams travel account; Xuanzangs itinerary; Yumenguan


The effect of rotation is considered to become important when the Rossby number is sufficiently small, as is the case in many geophysical and astrophysical flows. Here we present direct numerical simulations to study the effect of rotation in flows with moderate Rossby numbers (down to Ro~0.1) but at Reynolds numbers large enough to observe the beginning of a turbulent scaling at scales smaller than the energy injection scale. We use coherent forcing at intermediate scales, leaving enough room in the spectral space for an inverse cascade of energy to also develop. We analyze the spectral behavior of the simulations, the shell-to-shell energy transfer, scaling laws, and intermittency, as well as the geometry of the structures in the flow. At late times, the direct transfer of energy at small scales is mediated by interactions with the largest scale in the system, the energy containing eddies with k_perp~1, where "perp" refers to wavevectors perpendicular the axis of rotation. The transfer between modes with wavevector parallel to the rotation is strongly quenched. The inverse cascade of energy at scales larger than the energy injection scale is non-local, and energy is transferred directly from small scales to the largest available scale. Also, as time evolves and the energy piles up at the large scales, the intermittency of the direct cascade of energy is preserved while corrections due to intermittency are found to be the same (within error bars) as in homogeneous turbulence.


Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) catalyzes the biosynthesis of several essential amino acids, including lysine, methionine, and threonine, and bacterial cell components. Thus, ASADH is a crucial target for developing new antimicrobial agents that can potentially disrupt the biosynthesis of essential amino acids, thereby inhibiting the growth of pathogens. Herein, the crystal structures of ASADH obtained from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgASADH, UniProtKB code A0A1R4DY25) were determined in apo- and adenosine-2′-5′-diphosphate (2′,5′-ADP)-bound complex forms at a resolution of 1.73 Å. The apo- and 2′,5′-ADP-complexed crystals of PgASADH belonged to the space groups of I212121 and C2221, respectively. Analytical size-exclusion chromatography showed a stable PgASADH dimer in a solution. Clustering analysis and structural comparison studies performed on PgASADH and previously known ASADHs revealed that ASADHs, including PgASADH, can be classified into three types depending on sequential and structural differences at the α-helical subdomain region. These findings provide valuable insights into developing structure-based species-specific new antibacterial drugs against the oral pathogen P. gingivalis.


It is known that the switching curve which defines the synthesis in the problem of determining time optimal trajectories to the origin for second-order differential systems consists of two basic lobes together with their 'reflections' through certain conjugate time intervals. The switching curve may thus possess corners. It is here shown that these corners lie on the x-axis in the phase plane for a particular class of problems.


For several years the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the human body is a continuous field of research in order to determine the extent of the risks to man.
The purpose of this work is the depth measurement values of power density and other critical values in schools in the region of Patras in order to ascertain if there are areas where the radiation reaches the limits laid down by national law.
The first chapter is an introduction to the nature of electromagnetic radiation and the framework that interacts with the user's health. The second chapter is a brief description of the modes of transmission of electromagnetic radiation and the losses are. the institutional framework in the European Union and in Greece with tables showing the safety limits established as well as information about the organization and the impact of the mobile network is shown in the third and fourth chapter. The fifth chapter is extensive reference to literature from research conducted on the effects of radiation on animals and humans.
For the collection of measurements was chosen the area stretching east from the street Kanellopoulos to the river west of Aspen and south of the Vlanterou area to the north of the old port city of Patras. The piece is divided in sixteen sub-regions and in each of them selected a primary school or secondary school.
With the gauge Spectran HF-2025E measured at each school in the four corners of defined values for power density (MW / m2), the power (dBm) and the rate according to which is the threshold is as established by the ICNIRP (international Commission for the protection from non-ionizing radiation). measurements were also performed in time where schools were in operation at a distance from the outside of school less than 300 m.
The aim of this study is to determine if exceeded the limits for exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone masts in school bands as adopted by the Greek and foreign legislation and assess possible biological effects of prices of non-ionizing radiation are within the limits .


Vegetable seeds of Sulao mustard, Futian flowering Chinese cabbage and Pachi Radish were mutated by boarding on Shenzhou No.4 Spaceship. The results showed that there were no significant differences between SP 1 and control, however, some variability of plants were found in SP2.


=Abstract=To study the role of Na-Ca exchange mechanism which controls the intracellu lar free Ca concentration, the changes in contractile force and membrane potential of G-I smooth muscle were measured. Guinea-pig's taenia coli and gastric antrum were isolated, and all experiments were performed in Tris-buffered Tyrode solution aerated with 100'10 O 2 and kept 35"C. After application of K-free solution which is known to increase the intracellu lar Na concentration due to inhibition of Na-K pump, Na-free or low Na solution were applied. Contractions were recorded with force transducer, and membrane potentials were measured by single sucrose-gap method. In the taenia coli, the extent of relaxation of K-free contracture was inversely proportional to external Na concentration. As the external Na concentration was decreased, the membrane potential was more hyperpolarized. In the gas tric antrum, the extent of relaxation of K-free contracture increased proportionately to the decrease of external Na concentration. Membrane potential was maximally hyperpolarized at Na-free solution. As extracellular Na concentration was increased, the degree of hyperpolar ization decreased, and at 125 mM Na the membrane potential was depolarized. When Ca antagonist (verapamil) was applied, K-free contracture did not develop in the taenia coli. It is concluded that Na-Ca exchange mechanism would play little role in the control of intracellu lar free Ca concentration in the taenia coli and gastric antrum.


Scheduling research has had relatively little impact on manufacturing practice, yet within the last several years, there has been an explosive growth in the development and implementation of computer-based scheduling systems in industry. Changes in the environment have increased the stakes and the opportunities for the results of scheduling research to influence manufacturing competitiveness. This paper draws on field-related experiences with the development and implementation of scheduling systems to propose high-impact research topics.


Abstract : Temperature profile measurements have been measured through the combustion wave of burning solid propellant strands using imbedded fine-wire (75-micron diameter) thermocouples. The techniques necessary to construct, imbed, and measure temperature with this size and type of thermocouple were demonstrated. The experiments were performed at pressures ranging from 100 to 450 psi inside a high-pressure test cell designed for this type of operation. Surface temperature measurements have been estimated from the measured profiles for HMX, AN, and Double-Base propellants. Combustion temperature measurement; Embedding thermocouples; Solid rocket propellants; Ammonium nitrate.


This paper provides new evidence that sheds light on the effect of financial development on economic growth in nine MENA countries over the period of 1991-2009. The empirical results using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimators reveal financial development is a statistically significant determinant of economic growth, but the impact is more apparent on stock market development than banking sector development. This finding suggests that improving the functioning of the banking sector is crucial to spur economic growth in MENA countries.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. IntroductionThe relationship between financial development and economic growth has been the subject of increasing attention. A growing body of empirical research has found evidence of a robust relationship between financial development and economic growth, which supports the endogenous growth literature that stresses the significance of financial development for long-mn economic growth (see Goldsmith 1969; King and Levine 1993; Odedokum 1996; Levine and Zervos 1998; Beck et al. 2000; Chang and Ho, 2001; Arestis et al. 2001; Chang and Caudill 2005; Eita and Jordaan 2007; Law 2007; Apergis et.al. 2007).While the majority of empirical studies show that there exists a positive relationship between financial development and economic growth, it is surprising that empirical studies from the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region are limited as well as the fact that the empirical results are mixed. For example; Al-Awad and Harb (2005) point out that financial development and growth may be related in the long run but their results fail to clearly establish the direction of causality. Using a composite index of bank development and stock market development, Naceur and Ghazouani (2007) find that overall financial development is unimportant or even harmful for economic growth in the MENA region. According to Abu-Bader and Abu-Qam (2008), finance leads to growth in five out of the six MENA countries they studied which were Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, Syria, and Tunisia. Another study by Rachdi and Mbarek (2011) demonstrates that there is a long-term relationship between financial development and economic growth, but the causal effect is running from economic growth to financial development. In contrast, Kar et al. (2011) point out that there is no clear consensus on the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth for all measurements of financial development in MENA countries.On the other hand, when looking at the growth performance and financial development indicators in the MENA countries in recent years, two observations are noteworthy. First growth has fluctuated more and increased weakly since 1991. Secondly, financial development indicators (which include the banking sector and the stock market) have fluctuated and rose during the last decade.The objective of this study is to examine the effect of financial systems on economic growth in MENA countries namely Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia and Tunisia during 19912009. This study extends on the literature by making several important contributions. Firstly, the relationship between financial development and economic growth has been studied widely in different countries, but only a few empirical studies have been conducted for the MENA region (Al-Awad and Harb 2005; Naceur and Ghazouani 2007; Abu-Bader and Abu-Qam 2008; Rachdi and Mbarek 2011; Kar et al. 2011). However, their studies are mainly based on banking sector development indicators except Naceur and Ghazouani (2007), who used a composite index of the banking sector (two indicators) and stock market indicators (three indicators) for an unbalanced panel data from 11 MENA region countries. Therefore, this study fills the gap by employing both banking sector (three indicators) and stock market (three indicators) development indicators as financial development measures that each one is analyzed separately. …


First, we give an overview of channel estimation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems, then analyse Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm. The received pilot-aided in frequency domain after Least Square (LS) algorithm, is converted to time domain based on Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). Usually, It consider primary channel energy is in the area of the maximum multipath expansion, but there are noise in these area. Also, there are energy leakage by IDFT, due to non-sample-spaced channel. Thus, we propose a method of computing noisy threshold to minish noise, but reserve primary energy path and leaking path. Notice the engineering application, we consider LTE-Advanced systems. The simulation indicates that, performance of using the method of the aboved-mentioned is effective than conventional algorithm.


FeAl alloys with 40 to 50 at % Al have an impressive combination of oxidation and sulfidation resistance, low density, and low cost and are thus considered as possible substitutes for stainless steels. However, before these materials can be used in structural applications, the fracture characteristics of the alloy's grain boundaries need to be improved. Small additions of carbon and boron have been considered and the resulting properties have been reported. Boron is found to prevent intergranular fracture in iron-rich alloys and to mitigate environmental embrittlement although the improvement is not as dramatic as is seen with Ni3Al alloyed with boron. Boron segregates to the grain boundaries in Fe-Al alloys and boride precipitates at the boundaries and within the grains have been observed. In this paper, we report the composition and atomic arrangement in a recently discovered phase (designated v phase) found in Fe-Al alloys containing small boron additions using a combination of Z-contrast imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy.


An optical code scanner (105) is described. The scanner (105) comprises: a cashier side window (230); a customer-side window (235); an image capture device (145) for reading optical codes (245,250); and an image directing device (155). The image directing device (155) is selectively movable between (i) a cashier-scanning position at which light is directed from the cashier-side window (230) to the image capture device (145) and (ii) a customer-scanning position at which light is directed from the customer-side window (235) to the image capture device (145). The scanner (105) also comprises: a light level detector (150) for detecting an amount of ambient light passing through the customer-side window (235); and a processor (111) for moving the image directing device (155) from the cashier-scanning position to the customer-scanning position in response to the light level detector (150) indicating that the ambient light detected is below a threshold.


Hebei province,whose climate is suitable for mulberry growth,is one of the top-quality-cocoon production regions and one of the provinces with long silkworm breeding history in China.The development of silkworm industry in the province is not accordant with the whole developing trend in this country.Its development in Hebei province can be divided into three stages as fast developing period from 1951 to 1960,recovered developing period from 1975 to 1985 and the re-developing period from 1991 to 1996.Currently,poor management,small production scale,backward in technique,low industrialization,and underdeveloped industrial chain are the existing bottlenecks in the province.Analysis shows that silkworm industry should be in accordant with its market,promoted by sales and guaranteed with risk preventing measures.


Introduction If a child is crying, a neuroscientist may say the tears are the result of a long pathway of neurotransmitters, synapses, axons, and action potentials. An evolutionary psychologist may argue that tears are an evolved behavior to request help from others. An economist may say the child is trying to maximize utility. Human decision-making can be modeled quite differently depending on the perspective from which it is studied. The nascent field of Neuroeconomics seeks to find the brain mechanisms that underlie economic decision making to produce a general theory on human behavior (Glimcher et al. 2004). Through neuroeconomics, researchers hope to tie together methods of thought in economics, psychology, and neuroscience as well as resolve problems within and between the disciplines. The Ultimatum Game is a frequently studied economic paradox that has also become the subject of much attention in neuroeconomics. Within the game, a sum of money is to be divided between two participants. A proposer allocates how the money is to be split between the two players, while a responder can either accept or reject the proposer's allocation. If the responder accepts, the money is split between the two players as the proposer dictates. If the responder rejects, both players receive nothing. The game consists of only one round. Conventional economic theory assumes that individuals in the role of responder are self-interested, rational utility-maximizers and should therefore accept any non-zero offer, as this leaves them economically better off than if they were to reject the offer and receive no compensation. Empirical results, however, differ. Proposers most frequently offer to split the sum of money equitably rather than keep most for themselves, while responders reject low, unfair offers frequently, even when large sums of money are involved. For example, when proposers offer responders 20% of the total sum to be divided, responders reject the offer about 50% of the time (Sanfey et al. 2003). Through rejection, individuals seem to be sacrificing their own economic well-being due to their distaste for unfair offers. Accordingly, the game presents a unique neuroeconomic opportunity to study the concept of fairness and how it is manipulated in the brain. Researchers use the Ultimatum Game to study why individuals are motivated to demand fair treatment. Some speculate that the demand for fair treatment is an emotional response to unfair offers, rooted in anger and frustration with the proposer. Others suggest that it is a highly cognitive, intellectually elegant response. This debate has sparked a flood of new research into the brain and how it manipulates the concept of fairness during decision-making.


In this paper we aim to compare Kurepa trees and Aronszajn trees. Moreover, we analyze the affect of large cardinal assumptions on this comparison. Using the the method of walks on ordinals, we will show it is consistent with ZFC that there is a Kurepa tree and every Kurepa tree contains a Souslin subtree, if there is an inaccessible cardinal. This is stronger than Komjath's theorem that asserts the same consistency from two inaccessible cardinals. We will show that our large cardinal assumption is optimal, i.e. if every Kurepa tree has an Aronszajn subtree then $\omega_2$ is inaccessible in the constructible universe \textsc{L}. Moreover, we prove it is consistent with ZFC that there is a Kurepa tree $T$ such that if $U \subset T$ is a Kurepa tree with the inherited order from $T$, then $U$ has an Aronszajn subtree. This theorem uses no large cardinal assumption. Our last theorem immediately implies the following: assume $\textrm{MA}_{\omega_2}$ holds and $\omega_2$ is not a Mahlo cardinal in $\textsc{L}$. Then there is a Kurepa tree with the property that every Kurepa subset has an Aronszajn subtree. Our work entails proving a new lemma about Todorcevic's $\rho$ function which might be useful in other contexts.


Retail market is claimed to be an important interface in channel management as it bridges the manufacturers and consumers. In Indonesia, retail industry has increased significantly. One of the main characteristics of this market is its heterogeneity. This heterogenous market could be segmented into different segments of consumers which have different characteristics, behaviours, and needs. This requires retail market to set proper marketing strategies by analyzing each segment. This research attempted to conduct market segmentation for food shoppers in Indonesia based on attitudes to shopping and time. Four clusters have been constructed, namely, apathetic but regular, convenience seekers, hedonist, and time-pressured convenience seekers. The ANOVA test confirmed that those four clusters were appropriate as it created more differentiated and consistent clusters. This research could give contributions to the theoretical perspective and empirical point of view on market segmentation where different marketing strategies could be generated for each segment.


In order to function effectively all the European Parliament's bodies need to be supplied with documents in all nine Community languages. Every report in Parliament is the result of a series of preparatory acts all of which produce written output in the form of working documents, draft reports, amendments and final reports, as well as other administrative documents such as minutes, agendas, political position papers and so on. It is a very substantial task to service all the Parliamentary bodies involved in this process, not least because they meet in different cities – Brussels for committee meetings and Strasbourg for plenary sessions, but also any other European city for political group meetings. The fact that the Secretariat is sited in Luxembourg, where very few of these bodies ever meet, serves to make the situation more interesting! More perhaps than any other international body, the European Parliament makes full use of all nine Community languages, giving a total of 72 possible language pairs. However the most important element to be borne in mind when trying to assess the complexity of the operations involved is the very short deadlines imposed for the translation, printing and distribution of all these texts in the appropriate meeting place. These deadlines can vary between a few days and a few hours. For example, a committee can meet on Monday evening in Strasbourg – its report becomes available to translators at midnight, and is wanted for debate in the plenary in nine languages next morning in 500 or 600 copies. At the same time staff in Luxembourg are preparing work for the following week's committee meetings.


Hypothesis / aims of study The use of invasive urodynamics before treatment of uncomplicated, predominant stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has been debated after three recent randomized controlled trials (RCT). In order to exclude patients with severely impaired bladder emptying, all patients with post-void residual urine (PVR) of 150 ml or more were excluded from all three studies. The use of a cut-off of 150 ml for the PVR seems to be arbitrary and not evidence based.


1. The statistical procedures that are used most commonly in clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology are designed to test for differences between two means.


Human papillomavirus(HPV) is a kind of small DNA virus without capsulse.It has strong squamous epithelium-like characteristics.A large number of studies have proved that there is a correlation between high-risk HPV and neoplasm of genito-urinary system.


The synthesis of advanced materials with superior performance and properties is of growing scientific and technological interest. In particular, significant achievements have been attained in the synthesis of nanocomposites associated with superhard materials. This work investigates nanostructured composites obtained by high pressure and high temperature sintering of synthetic diamond combined with boron, silicon and copper. Diamond powder was mixed with B, Si and Cu, also in the form of powder. The mixture was then submitted to high energy wet milling until a nanopowder was formed. Sintering of this resulting nanopowder was carried out at 5.6 GPa of pressure and 1300°C. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the formation of new phases in a well consolidated nanostructure with relatively high density.


It is necessary for sustainable development of rural tourism to strengthen the community participation by virtue of home and abroad experience. Firstly, this paper reviews the application of property rights theory in tourism researches. And then, the existing problems in the course of community participation of rural tourism are analyzed, which includes the following four aspects: ambiguous property right subjects, obscure boundary, inaccurate value evaluation and imperfect administrative system. Based on property rights theory, four corresponding countermeasures are put forward in the end.


We determine the critical temperature in the four-dimensional nearest-neighbor Ising model as J/kB Tc=0.149694±0.000002 from kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of up to 5764 spins. Here we assume the critical magnetization to decay with time as (t/ log t)-1/2. However, possible logarithmic additions to this leading scaling behavior could change the estimate beyond these error bars. A reanalyzis of old series expansions for the susceptibility and fourth moment gives 0.149696±0.000004.


This article explores how problematic or detrimental metaphors of the female body can be reimagined. Metaphors that compare the body to a machine or factory influence the ways in which women understand their bodies (e.g., its potentials and limits) and the decisions they make (e.g., in view of reproductive technologies, education, and careers). Feminist research has investigated and denounced the problematic sociocultural connotations of metaphors such as the biological clock. This article explores the semantic ambiguity and creative potential that these metaphors harbor and how that potential can be used productively as a space of agency. In drawing on research from psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, medical anthropology, and palliative care, where metaphors have been conceptualized as powerful tools of the imagination and as sites of political and rhetorical resistance, the article analyzes two texts—one by Eliza Bisbee Duffey, a women's rights activist in the late nineteenth century, and one by Cindy Chupack, a screenwriter for the TV series Sex and the City—in which seemingly detrimental metaphors of the female body are used to rebut reductionist and misogynist notions of what it means to be female, notions that are framed by medical authorities as scientific "facts." The authors rethink metaphors used by medical professionals and suggest alternative visions of what it means to have and live with a female body.


It's your initial day as a new teacher. The first bell rings. Students file in and find a place to sit. The tardy bell rings and you move to shut the door. You hesitate for a moment and take a deep breath. Somehow, you know the door is symbolic—once it closes, you are on your own, quite literally. What happens in that classroom for the next five minutes, the next hour, the next few months, is up to you. Granted, there may be intermittent feedback from a principal and hopefully a mentor, but they will be like rocks skipping over the surface of a lake—what they will see and know will be a minute part of what actually happens. What needs to be in place before that door closes? Teaching requires myriad skills and understandings, a list too long to be generated here. Is there something, however, that can support continued growth and development across all those skills and understandings, especially given the lone nature of classroom teaching? We suggest that one answer to this question is the ability to effectively engage in reflective practice. We are not alone. For example, and of direct relevance to our music education program, the Ohio State Board of Education requires universities to document their students' competencies in relation to standards of what beginning teachers should know and be able to do. The standards Ohio has adopted are based on those developed by the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC). Standard #9 applies here: "The teacher is a reflective practitioner who continually evaluates the effects of his or her choices and actions on others (students, parents, and other professionals in the learning community), and who actively seeks out opportunities to grow professionally" (INTASC, 1992, p. 31).


INTRODUCTION MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENTS ARE GROWING IN POPULARITY AS they reportedly can create additional value and outperform standard single-use real estate developments. The synergy and appeal of a quality mixed-use development can increase office and retail prices, rents and occupancy rates as well as accelerate absorption rates. Retail tenants may be willing to pay higher rents because of the increased customer traffic generated by the compatible and complementary uses. Residents and hotel guests are attracted by the convenient location of dining, retail and entertainment venues on the site. However, some locations are not well suited for mixed-used developments, and careful consideration must be given to the financial feasibility of each specific project.


Because of subgrade filling and construction period at bridge head for cross bridgehead in Jiangsu province,uneven settlement of retaining wall and void under bridge end plate are appeared one year after the opening,and bumping phenomenon is widespread at the roadbed-bridge transition section.Through the application of pressure-grouting technique applied in basis of retaining wall and under Bridge End Plate,and then milling-planing and slotting filling applied in the partly asphalt pavement,it is proved to be effective and reliable to prevent car-jumping at end of bridge.