Introduction: Compressed sensing (CS) is a newly developed fast imaging technique aimed at robustly recovering image data from partially-sampled k-space data.[1, 2] The Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) was suggested for solving medium-sized CS problems [3]. As OMP requires precisely sparse data to operate on, previous work employed a combination of constrained random sampling in k-t space along with a penalty function to improve reconstruction, in the context of dynamic MR imaging. In previous work, the penalty function was obtained by performing a first pass through the reconstruction algorithm, by estimating the density of non-zero pixels in the reconstructed result. Subsequently, this density map gets used into a second and final pass through the reconstruction algorithm, along with the original undersampled data (OMP + Density Penalty). While this approach is sound, long processing time is a main limitation of the CS approach and having to perform the reconstruction twice compounds the problem. In order to shorten computation time, an alternative scheme is proposed here that involves using the fully sampled central k-space data to generate a 'self-referenced' penalty function (self-referenced OMP). As a result, there is no need for an extra OMP processing to estimate the penalty function, as it has been obtained instead at the acquisition stage. Furthermore, as demanded by CS, this sampling scheme also satisfies the Uniform Uncertainty Principle for compressive sampling, a fundamental requirement of CS, hence the central fully sampled data can also be incorporated into the reconstruction. As a further benefit of our proposed approach, the more densely sampled central region can also help reduce signal interference and improve reconstruction. The need to increase density near k-space center while keeping the acceleration unchanged does however lead to a small decrease in density in outer k-space regions, which might translate into spatial blurring.


Introduction Campbell, Robert W.; Carlson, Clinton E.; Theroux, Leon J.; Egan, Thomas H. Some effects of predaceous birds and ants on the western spruce budworm. Res. Pap. PNW-315. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1984. 5 p. Effects of predaceous birds and ants on the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis, were studied on seedlings of western larch and Douglas-fir in western Montana. On western larch, both birds and ants reduced survival of larval budworm (instars IV-VI). On Douglas-fir, larval survival on one site was reduced by ants but not by birds. On a second site, neither birds nor ants had any effect on larval survival on Douglas-fir. Ants , but not birds , continued to have a major effect on the survival of budworm pupae.


We report a simple, inexpensive fabrication method to fabricate polymer microlens at the apex of optical fiber. When compared to other established protocols for fabricating microlensed fiber, this procedure allows simple and inexpensive microlensed fiber fabrication with high reproducibility. Also it is possible to tune the focal length and working distance of the fabricated lens in a wider range by controlling the curing parameters such as curing power, beam shape of the curing beam and curing time. The novel curing procedure, where a specially structured curing laser beam of wavelength 405nm was used for curing, is the key factor for this extended flexibility. Once cured, the UV curable adhesive used for fabricating these lenses had a very good transmission in visible and near-IR region, making it ideal for communication and biophotonics applications. This fabrication technique can be used in a variety of applications owing to its ability to achieve customized microlenses for specific applications.


The present invention, in one aspect, at least one cyclohexane carboxamide, provides a physiological cooling composition comprising at least one stereoisomer of at least one acyclic carboxamide and menthyl lactate. In another aspect, it discloses a method of producing such compositions. In yet another aspect, at least one cyclohexane carboxamide, discloses various consumer products, including physiological cooling compositions comprising at least one stereoisomer of the at least one acyclic carboxamide and menthyl lactate, .


Background : Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in nearly every patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but their use can be associated with gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, which may be prevented with prophylactic prescription of misoprostol and omeprazole. Recently marketed COX-2 specific inhibitor (COX-2) affords protection against gastropathy. This study was performed to assess Korean cost-effectiveness of NSAIDs, NSAIDs with co-treatments to prevent GI toxicity, and COX-2 in the treatment of RA, and compare it with American cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods : Markov (state-transition) models were used to simulate a cohort of RA patients with approximately 2.5:1 female to male ratio and 50 years, taking disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, low dose steroid (prednisone ≤10 mg/day) and one of the following strategies: 1) NSAIDs without prophylaxis, 2) NSAIDs with misoprostol, 3) NSAIDs with proton pump inhibitor (PPI), or 4) COX-2. Data on incidence, USA cost and consequences of adverse events from treatments were taken from the literature. Treatment costs of adverse events in Korea were calculated based on each disease code. Health effects were expressed as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Sensitivity analyses of probability of GI complication and cost were performed. Costs and health outcomes were discounted at a rate of 3% per year. Results : Among the strategies to prevent GI toxicity, PPI was the most cost-effective strategy in Korea and COX-2 was in USA, respectively. The incremental C/E (cost/effectiveness) ratio between PPI and no prophylaxis was 38,068×103₩/QALY (32,044$/QALY) in Korea. The incremental


The Vocational Education and Training sector has an important role in matching the skills wanted by employers with the skills of workers (Richardson, 2007). The VET system is under enormous pressure to meet this mandate and needs to develop innovative models that will assist in closing the skills gap. This paper examines those factors that have led to the skills gap formation in Australia. It will then explore one approach taken to source more skilled workers from a younger cohort (15 to 17 year olds) and how this model has been implemented and accepted by industry. The paper is organised around the following topics: 1. The Skills Gap - just what is it? 2. Models of addressing skills shortages in Australia 3. A detailed account of how one approach is addressing this gap


The thermal conductivity of nitrogen is determined in a conductivity column instrument in the temperature range of 338 to 2518 K with an estimated uncertainty of about ± 1·5 per cent. The experimental data points are correlated by a cubic polynomial in temperature, viz. k(T)/(mW m-1 K-1) = 12·18 + 0·05224(T/K) - 0·6482 × 10-6(T/K)2 - 0·2765 × 10-9(T/K)3. These conductivity values determined from heat transfer data taken in the continuum regime are found to be in fair agreement with the values obtained from similar data referring to low pressure range. The present results are compared with the conductivity determinations of other workers and with the predictions of various theories developed for polyatomic gases. It is pointed out that a reliable calculation of thermal conductivity over an extended temperature range is impossible at the present time due to the absence of a large variety of experimental molecular data needed for such an effort. Average values of the vibrational energy diffusion coefficient,...


The method to determine the content of free formaldehyde in Glycerol formal is established.Results shown that there is a liner relationship between sample feed speed and peak area in 0.02 and 0.5 μg,r is 0.9995.The average recovery rate is 101.6%,RSD is 1.9%.Results also indicate that the method was reliable and accurate.Iit can be used as a reference for quality control of Glycerol formal.


This study examines how different rhythms of change relate to firm performance. An explorative analysis of 67 European insurance companies between 1995 and 2004 reveals that corporate strategic changes occur in four distinct rhythms, which are classified as either regular or irregular (focused, punctuated, and temporarily switching). Subsequent quantitative analysis shows that companies that change regularly outperform those that change irregularly. This finding prevails under different internal and external contingencies, under different change characteristics, and over time periods. We also find that the rhythm and frequency of change have distinct performance effects. Our findings contribute to research on the change-stability paradox by showing that a regular and sequential balance between change and stability is associated with long-term success.


Offshore floating wind turbines are such complex systems from the point of view of global dynamics that numerical models are often insufficient in describing completely and correctly their behavior. In this framework large scale models deployed in a natural outdoor environment are a valid complement in understanding the real features of the system and in updating or validating codes. In the case of wind turbines adopting a large scale allows to better reproduce the aerodynamic behavior of the rotor. Objective of the present work is the validation of the aerodynamic design of a large-scale 1:15 model of the DTU 10 MW wind turbine deployed on a multipurpose floating platform, built in the framework of the Horizon 2020 project termed as "The Blue Growth Farm Project". It is requested to assess the effective aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor so to understand if the physical design is well respecting the aerodynamic properties requested in the design phase. Particular care is put in the correct reproduction of the operating parameters as part of the assessment of the control system. For initial analysis a good compliance between design and physical model is found. Regarding the aerodynamic characteristics, a good agreement between the experimental Cp values and the numerical curves is observed. Overall, the physical rotor aerodynamic design is validated and the power controller steady-state performances are assessed.


As agile robots learn to run and hop, we believe they will soon also perform large jumps and spins that require graceful landing. To land properly, they will need to be aware of their relative body orientation during free fall and make appropriate adjustments. In this paper, we examine the sensing and actuation necessary for a mechanism to alter its fall under a high rate of spin. We also present a simple new robot, the Binary Robotic Inertially Controlled bricK (BRICK). This device combines information from an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a laser range-finder to track its orientation, and adjusts spin mid-flight by rapidly changing its moment of inertia between two states. An error analysis shows mechanical inaccuracies and uncertainty to be the largest source of variation. Nevertheless, our mechanism is able to fall from arbitrary heights, with arbitrary spin, and always land in a desired orientation.


A general machinery buds and fuses transport vesicles which connect intracellular compartments with each other and allow communication with the extracellular environment. Cytoplasmic coat proteins deform membranes to bud vesicles and interact directly or indirectly with cargo molecules. Compartment-specific SNAREs on vesicles and target membranes dock vesicles and provide a scaffolding for the general fusion machinery to initiate lipid bilayer fusion.


This retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out to study the association between different levels of hyponatremia and the occurrence of epileptic seizures in patients without a prior epilepsy diagnosis. We identified from the hospital database, 363 inpatients of a Swedish County hospital who between March 2003 and August 2006 were found to have serum sodium levels <125 mm. Medical records were reviewed and we identified 11 patients with seizures in conjunction with their hyponatremia. Seizures were the only neurologic manifestation of hyponatremia in patients with serum sodium levels >115 mm. Of 150 patients reviewed with serum sodium levels of 120–124 mm, one had a seizure. Using 120–124 mm as reference, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for having seizures at serum sodium levels of 115–119 mm was 3.85 (0.40–37.53), 8.43 (0.859–82.85) at 110–114 mm, and 18.06 (1.96–166.86) at <110 mm.


The present study aimed to describe the morphology and structure of lingual mucosa of albino rat at 7 & 21 days pups. Specimens taken from tongue of pups of both control and experimental PKU mothers and examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Filiform papillae appeared as small finger-like projections with rounded tips, its peripheral epithelial coat showed early keratinization. With the advancement of growth at 7 & 21 days postnatal, three types of filliform papillae were distinguished associated with much more keratinization of their free ends. At the same time, the gustatory fungiform papillae were more differentiated at 7 &21days, fungiform papillae is more differentiated form and became identical in morphology to that in the adult. The experimental rat pups of PKU mothers at 7 & 21 days, showed a considerable reduction of lingual keratinization. The stratification pattern of both filliform and fungiform papillae showed apparent degeneration of their cellular elements including vacuolar degeneration and necrotic cells with pyknotic nuclei. The outermost cells showed apparent cell loss. The lingual muscles were distorted and degenenerated. Leukocytic infiltrations were abundant in between the lingual muscles. Fungiform papillae lacked differentiation. [Somaya Shalaby. Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies of Lingual Mucosa of Rat Pups of Phenylketonuria Mothers. Journal of American Science 2011; 7(12):539-546]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.


A 27 nm gate oxide thickness has been successfully used for manufacturing high performance 650V 4H-SiC planar-gate, inversion-channel power JBSFETs in a 6-inch commercial foundry with three (Linear, Hexagonal, and Octagonal) cell topologies. The 27 nm gate oxide thickness allows operation of these JBSFETs at a gate bias of 15 V compared with 20 V used in previous reports for devices with 55 nm gate oxide thickness. The width for the Schottky contact was varied to optimize the performance of the JBS diode in the third quadrant for each cell topology. An on-state voltage drop of 2.5 V or less was achieved in the third quadrant for all the cell topologies by current flow through the integrated JBS diode, satisfying the objective of effectively by-passing the MOSFET body diode. The best breakdown voltage was achieved using the Octagonal cell topology with a half-cell Schottky contact width of 1.1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It had a breakdown voltage of 850 V with a low leakage current of less than 5 nA at 650 V. The Linear cell (with half-cell Schottky contact width of 1.0 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and the Octagonal cell (with half-cell Schottky contact width of 2.8 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) had blocking voltages of 800 V. The hexagonal cell topology (with half-cell Schottky contact width of 1.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) had the worst blocking voltage of 715 V. Numerical simulation results are provided to show that the leakage current in all cell topologies begins to increase when the electric field at the Schottky contact exceeds 1.5 MV/cm. The lowest specific on-resistance was obtained with the hexagonal cell topology but its gate-drain charge was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> larger than the conventional Linear cell design. The Octagonal cell topology with half-cell Schottky contact width of 1.1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> had the same specific on-resistance as the Linear cell case with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> smaller gate-drain charge. This work demonstrates for the first time that excellent High-Frequency Figures-of-Merit can be achieved with a reduced gate drive voltage of 15 V for 650 V SiC JBSFETs by using a smaller gate oxide thickness of 27 nm and the Octagonal cell topology.


The ostracon KV 18/6.872, found in the Valley of the Kings and dating to the middle of the 20 th Dynasty, shows the drawing of a tomb entrance and interior in which a group of men can be seen at work. Two individuals are shown sitting on a scaffold and preparing the surface of the tomb's wall with hammers and chisels, while others can be seen carrying baskets. The depiction of this scaffold, together with a recently identified example on another ostracon, provides the first evidence for the use of scaffolding in the construction of royal tombs. When considered together with other depictions of working scenes, such as that on ostracon KV I8/2.435 which shows a seated man with hammer and chisel, new information about the work on tombs can be derived from the perspective of the workmen themselves. The representation of the workmen on ostracon KV I8/6.872 as stick figures is considered as the starting point for a study relating to this type of representation on ostraca which demonstrates the variety of such drawings, mostly sketches, during the New Kingdom.


Credit scoring or credit risk assessment is an important research issue in the banking industry. The major challenge of credit scoring is to recruit the profitable customers by predicting the bankrupts. The credit scoring carried out by traditional data driven approaches resulted only in an imprecise solution. Also the domain-driven based multiple criteria and multiple constraint (MC2) level programming approach results only in a satisfying solution. In this paper, a fuzzy set based domain driven approach for classification of customer credit data has been provided. The multiple criteria and multiple constraint level programming are used for scoring the customers based on the classifier. The domain expertise knowledge is used for building the linear combinational sets of attributes for classification. This hybrid approach will identify the class of best, good, satisfactory, bad and worst customers. Experiments conducted on publicly available datasets validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.


Market Surveillance and Control (MSC) is the inspection activity done by public authority on technical rules for products that have been stated by the public authority. In this sense, the general purpose of the activities of MSC is to protect consumers against hazardous products and making commercial enterprises fulfill legal obligations about supplying safe products. In this study some recommendations are presented by investigating legislation of MSC about construction materials in Turkey to about CE and G mark, obligations of the market actors and faced problems during inspection activities.


An unambiguous method for distinguishing between abstraction-addition and addition-abstraction mechanisms (and mixtures thereof) in the reaction of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl with a specifically deuterated cyclohexene, 1,2-dideuteriocyclohexene, is demonstrated.


Poly-(carbonate-co-ether) was synthesized via catalytic polymerization between epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) using heterogeneous catalyst namely Co-Zn double metal cyanide (Co-Zn DMC). The influence of polymerization time was studied. It was revealed that the properties of the resultant polymers were affected by the polymerization time. Within the range of polymerization time studied, the maximum average molecular weight (Mn) of the resultant polymer obtained was 6.21 × 105 g⋅mol−1 with polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.05 at reaction time of 24 hours.


This article develops a new strategy for robust fault-tolerant control (FTC) of robot manipulators using an adaptive fuzzy integral sliding-mode control (ISMC) and a disturbance observer (DO). First, an ISMC is developed for the FTC system. The major features of the approach are discussed. Then, to enhance the performance of the system, a fuzzy logic system approximation and a DO are introduced to approximate the unknown nonlinear terms, which include the model uncertainty and fault components, and to estimate the compounded disturbance and then are integrated into the ISMC. Next, a switching term based on an adaptive two-layer supertwisting algorithm is designed to compensate the disturbance estimated error and guarantee stability and convergence of the whole system. The nominal controller of the ISMC is reconstructed using a backstepping control technique to achieve the stability for the nominal system based on the Lyapunov criterion. The computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


"This paper makes an empirical investigation of the effects of the German Disabled Persons Act on employment dynamics using data from the Federal Employment Agency and the IAB Establishment Panel. The data permit an investigation of the second threshold of this law, which in the observation period 1999/2000 required that firms with more than 25 employees employ two disabled persons or pay a penalty. Descriptive and multivariate analyses indicate that employment growth is slightly dampened if firms are just below this threshold and do not have enough disabled employees (i.e. would have to pay a penalty when crossing this threshold). There is no indication, however, that firms in a similar situation above the threshold reduce employment more intensively in order to fall below the threshold and thus avoid paying the penalty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


This contribution presents the design and experimental validation of a high-gain D-band fixed beam transmitarray excited by a compact antenna-in-package. Both the planar lens and the focal source are fabricated using standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology. An eight-fold frequency multiplier is co-integrated on the source and feeds a 2×2 patch array. The transmitarray is designed using eight phase states (i.e. 3 bits of phase quantization) and comprises 1600 unit cells (40 × 40). As per simulations, the −3-dB gain bandwidth ranges from 114 GHz to 144 GHz, with a peak gain of 29.5 dBi. An excellent agreement between measured and simulated radiation patterns is observed. The proposed concept represents a cost-effective solution for future wireless networks operating beyond 100 GHz.


The development of characteristic agriculture in Nanling-Jing County requires an in-depth understanding of the surface soil beneficial/heavy metals, elemental distribution characteristics, differences and potential ecological effects. Nanling-Jing County national commodity grain base is a famous Nanling rice production area and has been designated as a national good-quality rice base and national commodity grain base. It is necessary to obtain information on the distribution characteristics and the comprehensive effects of the beneficial elements of the farmland topsoil. In this study, Nanling-Jing County national commodity grain base, Anhui province was chosen as the research object for the determination of soil organic matter (SOM); major elements (N P, and K); and minor elements (B, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn). A total of 541 soil samples were collected in the topsoil layer and subjected to geostatistics, principal composition analysis, membership functions methods, and GIS technology application. The study area was divided into five sections according to the characteristics of the geomorphic unit, surface water drainage basin, and groundwater system, as well as the land-use conditions and crop types. The distribution and comprehensive effects of beneficial elements were different among the five sections; minor elements were the restricting factors for the farmland in the eastern plain, whereas minor and major elements' synthetic action affected the farmland fertility in the central plain and southern mountain areas. In contrast, the farmland fertility in the western hilly area was controlled by the combined influence of SOM, and minor and major elements. All major elements and the minor elements B and Mo were the restricting factors for farmland soil fertility, the deficiency of which would have negative impacts on soil fertility, and the enrichment of Cu and Zn will enhance soil fertility. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the beneficial elements comprehensive factor among the five sections, the high-value area of comprehensive factor was same as the distribution of the K, B, Mo, Cu and Zn high-value areas. Research results can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of permanent and high standard basic farmland and grain safety and production increase.


Abstract A new second generation deep-water ocean wave model VAG is presented and several modifications are tested on a one month hindcast. On the same period and with the same windfields a version of the third generation model WAM is also tested. All the results are compared with the data of a pitch-roll-heave buoy moored at the entrance of the English Channel in 110 meters depth. This necessitates a preliminary investigation of existing tools to carry such comparisons. Based on commonly used criteria in model testing VAG and WAM achieve similar results. New tests are defined. For the significant wave heights, the use of the scatter index is criticized and the notion of relative error is introduced. For the mean wave directions, a weighted mean angular gap is defined which minimizes the impact of the direction errors of the low waves. From the theory of stationary random processes applied to waves, a criterion is proposed for frequency spectrum comparisons. Some diagrams are designed for the comparisons ...


The present invention comprises a first element (1) fixed to the user and a second element (2) connected to the first element so as to articulate according to a first joint axis (A1). A third element (3) connected to form a joint according to the second joint axis (A2) to the second element, and a joint according to the third joint axis (A3) to the third element It is related with the shoulder mechanism for an orthosis provided with the upper arm part (4) connected in this way in a series. According to the invention, the joint axes (A1, A2, A3) extend in a direction that defines non-orthogonal markers.


This dissertation started from the ambition to contribute to the mapping of post-World War II architectural globalization. Africa played a central role in this phenomenon, with intense exchanges of architectural expertise and practices taking place from the late colonial period onwards. Yet comparatively speaking, Africa remains surprisingly absent in the canon of architectural history, with authoritative survey works of twentieth-century architecture still addressing the continent only margi...


Two different analytical and numerical methods have been applied to solve the system describing the mixed convection boundary-layer nanofluids flow along an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium, namely, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Chebyshev pseudospectral differentiation matrix (ChPDM), respectively. Further, ChPDM is used as a control method to check the accuracy of the results obtained by
HPM. The analytical method is applied using a new way for the deformed equations, and the resulted solution was expressed in terms of a well-known entire error function. In addition, using only two terms of the homotopy series, the approximate analytical solution is compared with the numerical solution obtained by the accurate ChPDM approach. The results reveal that good agreements have been achieved between the two approaches
for various values of the investigated physical parameters.


Two common types of internal defects of additively manufactured (AM) samples are lack-of-fusion and gas-entrapped porosities. These internal defects can have different physical origins and particular local characteristics (e.g., different shape, size). Thus, the use of reliable non-destructive inspection techniques is essential for the accurate assessment of integrity, allowing the applicable AM processing parameters correction. To overcome this challenge, this work aims to evaluate the accuracy of volumetric characteristics measured by computed tomography for porosity evaluations in AM samples, including assessment of measurement uncertainty. The effect of different cumulative thickness on the evaluated measurements accuracy is also assessed. The results show that deviations of defect size measurements can be below 2% if the proposed procedure is followed. In addition, the expanded uncertainty can be up to 10% of the measured magnitude when the cumulative thickness is increased to 70 mm. The physical relationships obtained between the cumulative thickness and the individual measurements are also presented.


Great Britain and Spain. The competition was open to professionals in creative industries and the competition was created to recognize those who best portrayed quality design, creativity, graphics, image manipulation and communication effectiveness. The independent panel of jurors included four prominent industry professionals with expertise in print, multime-dia and web design: The prize winning entry was designed using the Thought Foundry Process™. Thought Foundry Process ™ offers a revolutionary way for companies, worldwide, to obliterate the confusion and leverage the power of interactive media to produce measurable, marketing results. The Thought Foundry Process™ utilizes the best of Technology, Marketing and Design to create traditional and interactive media to optimize the user experience, build, enhance and promote a company's brand. The Thought Foundry Process™ utilizes the customized Thought Foundry Project Blueprint™ to focus on a compa-ny's core business, market, and customer niches to generate interactive and traditional media thereby producing a measurable impact on any company's overall marketing plan. To view the prize winning entry, point your web browser to:


The present application discloses a multiaxial injection mold having a core insert. The present application discloses a system and method for forming a unitary housing the processing system. Embodiments may utilize a plurality of injection cavities sliders. These sliders can be formed in the interior of the housing. To form a single cavity insert member allows the slider from the housing is smaller than the opening of the chamber housing the plurality of injection cavities removed using sliders. Removing the slider from the housing allows the housing is formed having unitary construction.


The invention relates to a facula image picking-up device and method, emitting a highly coherent light from light source, when the highly coherent light irradiates surface, further generating scattered light, which passes through light limiting piece to form diffracted beams by aperture effect of the light limiting piece, where these diffracted beams interfere with one another to generate facula and limit scattered light to enter incident visual angle of a sensor by the blocking action of the light limiting piece so as to reduce deformation quantity of facula as moving, and finally the sensor picks up the facula into facula diagram, and continuous comparison of the facula diagram can identify moving direction and size of the facula. And it makes facula image clear and easy to identify, stable and sensitive.


The grasslands and pastures of China are the third most extensive in the world, providing employment for upwards of 39 million persons while supporting the world's greatest concentration of sheep and goats and the fourth largest number of cattle. China's grasslands have not fared well during the reform era. There are myriad ecological and historical reasons for the current degraded conditions of China's grasslands, including ill-advised agricultural expansions during the 1950-60s, ineffective reclamation efforts beginning in the 1970s, and more recent problems including poor pasture management, overgrazing, a decline in species diversity and regional declines in annual precipitation. As everywhere, poor places often result in poor people; and the actions of poor people often exacerbate ecological problems in such environments. Often under-reported in the Western press, current efforts to protect the grasslands are unprecedented in scope and investment as well as with respect to the range of strategies employed. One solution to this degradation applied in western Jilin Province is to enclose and protect the grasslands by limiting the traditional access to these lands by herding households, while re-training families to raise cattle, dairy cows, and other "shed-fed" livestock as alternative activities to grazing sheep and goats. These programs are relatively new, but for many herding families, they remain unpopular—creating both economic "winners" and losers" locally, while national and provincial environmental protection goals are met. This paper will present results of a survey of 47 households that compares results for two samples of herding households participating in such a program. Results reflect declining incomes in some areas vis-a-vis full-time husbandry, a greater range in incomes, but more diversified income generating activities are compared to areas where these programs have not been implemented.


Objective:To analyze the expression profile of genes trans-regulated by HCV core protein-binding protein 6 (HCBP6) gene.Methods:Human HCBP6 full-length encoding gene and its amino acid sequences was identified using bioinformatics method and the recombined expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-HCBP6 was constructed. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was employed to detect the mRNA from HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-HCBP6 and the empty vector, respectively. The twice enriched PCR products were subcloned into T/A vectors to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out with E. coli strain JM109. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after PCR. Results:According to yeast two-hybrid screening and the bioinformatics analysis results, human HCBP6 cDNA sequence was identified. The encoding sequence for human HCBP6 consists of 456 nt and its protein consists of 152 aa. The amplified subtractive library contains 30 positive clones. Colony PCR analysis shows there are 24 clones containing 200-1 000 bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed and 11 kinds of encoding sequences were achieved. Conclusion:The bioinformatics combined yeast two hybrid methods is a powerful method for the screening and analysis of genes of hepatocyte protein interacting with HCV core protein. The findings obtained using SSH provide significant data for preliminary understanding the biological function of a new identified gene.


There are no "absolutes" in terms of performance and wherever possible, performance measures need to reflect conditions similar to those in the intended application. Unfortunately, measurements are frequently constrained by practical and economic considerations. For example, the most convenient radiation source for testing EDX systems is the Fe55 radioactive source which produces Mn Kα radiation at 5.9keV and can be used with an air path between source and detector. However, the fwhm resolution at 5.9keV is a rather poor measure of what the resolution will be for x-ray energies below 0.5 keV. Furthermore, "P/B", the ratio of Mn Kα peak height to background level at IkeV, is only a crude indication of incomplete charge collection ICC, and does not reveal problems that may give rise to shift and broadening of the C Kα peak for example.


When the fuel is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, an arc or spark of strong electromagnetic energy may cause a burning accident. So, the hazards of the electromagnetic radiation to fuel (HERF) need to be considered in the actual ship electromagnetic compatibility design. In order to prevent the HERF, there must be sufficient safety distance between the fuel zone and the transmitting antenna, and RF power density must meet safety level requirements to eliminate RF arcs or sparks. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the protection standards of electromagnetic radiation hazards, we simulated a ship model with a shortwave antenna installed which is located on-board together with the fuel tank. According to analysis of the simulation data, the radiation power density to established safety criteria is determined through the reasonable setting of its short-wave antenna position, frequency, power, which satisfied the requirements of the electromagnetic environment effect of on-board systems.


PURPOSE: To completely burn out organic binder resin with almost no oxidation of copper paste metal without decomposing of a ceramic layer by sintering a laminated non-sintered green complex, containing a copper paste metal by microwaves. CONSTITUTION: This composite material containing thermoplastic organic binder, wherein particles selected from a group comprising glass particles and the mixture of the glass particles and crystalline particles are dispersed, is used, and a green sheet, which forms a patterned metallic layer and has the sintering temperature less than the melting point of a conductor, is formed. Then, after a conductor-forming structure pattern is formed on the surface of the green sheet, a second green sheet is overlapped on the surface of this green sheet, so as to hold the pattern. Then, the overlapped and laminated sheets are laminated together, and the laminated body is heated by microwaves to a burn-out temperature. Thus, a binder in the green sheet is decomposed and removed. Thereafter, the laminated body is sintered, and the desired ceramic composite structure is obtained.


Hands Free Always On (HFAO) technology, such as the next generation of smart glasses, will likely become undetectable, turn up in classrooms in the near future and change teaching and learning. This paper is an exploratory study that analyzes two focus groups with faculty members at a research university. Participants were former and current NJIT instructors who have taught at an undergraduate and/or graduate level. The focus group process and the analysis of the information collected were guided by our four research questions: (1) How will HFAO technology affect students' learning? (2) How will it affect professors' teaching? (3) How will it affect assessment? (4) What would make faculty embrace this technology? From the insights provided by the participants we found that the perceived effects of HFAO technology were mixed. Future work aims to conduct additional focus groups with instructors and students at the graduate and undergraduate levels.


Objective To study the changable regularity in term newborns with birth asphyxiaplasma on plasma motilin(MTL) and serum nitric oxide(NO) concentration, to evaluate digestive motor function on newborns with birth asphyxia and investigate the effective intervening countermeasure. Methods Measured plasma MTL and serum NO concentration in 15 term newborns with birth asphyxia after feedings,as compared with those of normal controls. Results The results showed that The concentration of MTL was significantly lower in the asphyxia than in the controls, were separately301.47±73.31 μmol/L, 436.58±185.57 μmol/L ( P 0.001),but the NO level was enhanced in the asphyxia, there were significantly different in both groups 110.61±13.75 μmol/L, 98.66±0.72 μmol/L ( P 0.01). There were notable negative correlation between the level of MTL and NO( P 0.01). Conclusion Some gastrointestinal symptoms in neonates with birth asphyxia may be relationship with unusual regulation of the nerve and body fluid.


There has been a disappointing lack of agreement between authors/researchers on the prevalence of manikin-based studies in airway management (based upon differing search criteria and methodologies), which has greatly overshadowed themore importantmessageand fundamental purpose of our initial editorial (and proposed 'consensus on airway research ethics [CARE]' guideline) [1], namely to improve the safety and advance the ethics of airway management research. This difference in opinion has spawned counter-editorial and counter-comment and, although any academic discussion on the topic of airway research can be perceived as positive in drawing attention to the issues in this field, there has been a loss of perspective away from the key aspects of patient safety and ethical rigour. Pleasingly, McGrenaghan and Smith's editorial [2] (and Ahmad et al.'s systematic review [3]) provides a more balanced view and, although we do not agree with every aspect, we are delighted to see a return of focus to the wider and more significant issues that we had initially sought to highlight. We look forward to the Difficult Airway Society providing consensus opinionand furtherguidance in this area. P. A.Ward Chelsea andWestminster Hospital, London, UK Email: email@example.com M.G. Irwin University of Hong Kong, HongKong, Hong Kong


In this paper a series of numerical simulations of the effect of turbulence on the propagation of acoustic waves in the atmosphere are presented. First the technique of representing the turbulence as a set of realizations of a random field generated by a limited number of Fourier modes is described. Through each individual realization, the acoustic waves are propagated in a wide-angle parabolic approximation to obtain the sound-pressure level. Ensemble averaging is then performed to compute the statistical properties of the acoustic field: mean sound-pressure level, intensity fluctuations, and amplitude distributions. The method is applied first to a nonrefractive atmosphere, both in the presence of a rigid boundary and of an impedance ground, and then to an upward refractive atmosphere with an impedance ground. The model, which contains no adjustable parameters, is tested using the experimental data of Parkin and Scholes, Daigle, and Wiener and Keast. Good agreement between numerical simulations and experiments is obtained. © 1996 Acoustical Society of America.


To disinfest timothy hay bales of Hessian fly puparia (Mayetiola destructor (Say)), mechanical compaction should be able to crush the hay stem node in order to destroy the puparia located near it. The Instron testing machine was used to determine the maximum crushing force, modulus of deformation and the crushing strength of nodal stem segments. The tests were done at crosshead speeds of 5, 15 and 25 mm/min. The hay samples used had moisture contents of 10.7%, 13.7% and 17.6%. The maximum crushing force, deformation modulus and the crushing strength of the timothy hay stem segments increased with increasing width of the hay node after compression. Increasing the crosshead speed increased the crushing force, deformation modulus and the crushing strength. The crushing force, deformation modulus and the crushing strength decreased with increasing moisture content. The average maximum crushing force ranged from 1.4570 to 2.3583 kN, with a SD range of 0.4112 to 0.7459 kN. The average deformation modulus of the timothy hay stem segments varied from 3075 to 4103 N/mm, with a SD range of 443 to 756 N/mm. The average maximum crushing strength of the stem segments ranged from 11.24 to 19.52 MPa, with a SD range of 1.82 to 3.55 MPa.


This is one of a group of cases put forward on behalf of American nationals who, during the period of American neutrality, purchased German war bondB in New York City, receiv ing interim certificates at the time of purchase, but did not receive definitive bonds until after September 25, 1919. Claimant seeks compensation from Germany for damages alleged to have been suffered resulting from the above-mentioned bonds having been subjected by Germany to exceptional war measures which prevented their withdrawal from Germany for the purpose of sale or exchange prior to their depreciation in value. The Commission finds that there was no privity of contract between the purchasers of interim certificates in New York and the bank in Berlin which held the definitive bonds in the account of the New York brokers; that the brokers were obligated to use reasonable diligence to deliver the definitive bonds to their customers in New York within a rea sonable time ; that during the period of American neutrality it was not an act of Germany but the unwillingness of the brokers to incur the expense and take the risk of shipment which prevented the delivery of the bonds to them in New York; and that after the United States entered the war, the risk of transmission and the cost of insurance increased. The Commission finds further that the first unqualified request made by the New York brokers for the delivery of the definitive bonds was on July 23, 1919; that German excep tional war measures prevented the delivery of the bonds during the period intervening be tween the date of that request and the date of their actual delivery, September 25,1919; and that the value of the mark declined during the two-month period when the delivery of the bonds was prevented by German exceptional war measures. In order to establish a right to recover compensation on account of depreciation in the value of securities subjected to exceptional war measures, it is not sufficient to prove de preciation during the period of such subjection, but the claimant must go farther and prove by competent evidence that he would have disposed of such securities by sale or exchange had he not been prevented from so doing by such war measures. Because the record fails to show that claimant would have sold or exchanged her bonds had she had possession of them during the period delivery was prevented by German exceptional war measures, a de cree must be entered in favor of Germany.


11115 Background: Increasing our understanding of how resistance to radiation occurs, helps us develop more efficient and personalised radiotherapy treatments for cancer patients. Through molecular...


Scholars now recognize life imprisonment without parole (LWOP) as a defining feature of contemporary American punishment. As LWOP becomes topical, it draws attention to a significant, more general phenomenon: the growth of state-sanctioned policies and practices by which prisoners face the remainder of their lives in prison. This article seeks to expand perspectives on contemporary punishment by looking closely at how lifetime incarceration took shape historically in different political projects and penal systems. Drawing from primary materials and a comprehensive review of secondary historical literature, I examine modes of perpetual penal confinement: combinations of sanctions and practices that result in holding people in state custody permanently. Interpreting classic penological paradigms anew, the article illuminates the significant role that perpetual confinement has played in influential theories of criminal justice and shows how it has proved a versatile tool for social control and prison administration across diverse penal schemes, largely because of its unique temporal character. The article concludes with a diagnosis of contemporary American punishment, suggesting that LWOP—beyond being a cruel and exclusionary penalty—is symptomatic of a system in which imprisonment until death has become uniquely ordinary.


This paper presents a thermomagnetic method of periodic switching of wire superconductors to the resistive state. A modulator operating on this principle over a wide range of helium temperatures with an internal-noise level of about10 TV is described.


This study aims to investigate vocabulary learning strategies employed by secondary school students in Zalingei town. The study sets to find out ways that help students raise their awareness in using vocabulary strategies to improve their language skills. The target group in the study is first, second and third year secondary school students in Zalingei town, the sample consists of (120) both male and female students from the total number (1250) students represented by four secondary schools for the school year (20162017). The study also aims to identify the types of using these strategies. Two questionnaires one for the teachers and the other for students and interview were used for data collection. To achieve the aims of this study and find answers to the questions of the study, the researcher used descriptive analytical method. After analyzing data the study has come up with a number of findings. Some of the most important findings are: the study revealed that the students' use of different vocabulary learning strategies some of them relate Memory, and cognitive types. There is little use of these strategies because the students are not aware of, and have not practiced, where the students face difficulties in recalling meaning of the words already learned and discovering meaning of the new words. Therefore, this phenomenon needs teaching and training of the students on vocabulary learning strategies to improve their language skills. Finally, the researcher recommends that English language teachers' attention should be drawn to train their students on kinds of vocabulary learning strategies, regardless of learners' level.


We studied the morphology of the transition region of the quiet Sun, with data obtained by the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrometer (SUMER) and the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT), in September 1996. We analyzed lines emitted in the chromosphere, the low transition region and the low corona. We com- puted the mean autocorrelation function for the radiance images in order to estimate the characteristic size of the features present in the transition region. Moreover, we calculated autocorrelation functions for the dopplergrams and line width images deduced from the SUMER data. In addition to the line core of the C iv line, we investigated a broader tail component, whose origin is still unclear. We found that the size of the bright radiance features is always larger than the size of the structures of the dopplergrams and Doppler widths, at any altitude. The network features seem to diminish at a temperature around 10 5 K, due to the thermodynamic properties of the transition region. The mean size of the structures of the tail component radiance is smaller than the one of the core radiance.


Using the test particle simulation method, we investigate the stochastic motion of electrons with energy of 300 keV in a monochromatic magnetosonic (MS) wave field. This study is motivated by the violation of the quasi‐linear theory assumption, when strong MS waves (amplitude up to ~1 nT) are present in the Earth's magnetosphere. First, electron motion can become stochastic when the wave amplitude exceeds a certain threshold. If an electron initially resonates with the MS wave via bounce resonance, as the bounce resonance order increases, the amplitude threshold of electron stochastic motion increases until it reaches the peak at about the 11th order in our study, then the amplitude threshold slowly declines. Further, we find that the coexistence of bounce and Landau resonances between electrons and MS waves will significantly reduce the amplitude threshold. In some cases, the electron motion can become stochastic in the field of an MS wave with amplitudes below 1 nT. Regardless, if neither the bounce nor Landau resonance condition is satisfied initially, then the amplitude threshold of stochastic motion shows an increasing trend for lower frequencies and a decreasing trend for higher frequencies, even though the amplitude threshold is always very large (> 5 nT). Our study suggests that electron stochastic motion should also be considered when modeling electron dynamics regulated by intense MS waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.


Professor Carter chides economists for being "a bit late in getting on the environmental bandwagon," but then goes on to offer some practical advice for teaching environmental economics. He presents a list of readings and suggests ways of organizing lectures and discussions around the material in the list. Ways of relating basic economic concepts and analytical tools to environmental problems are pointed out. Opportunity cost, externalities, efficiency, distribution and population are some of the topics discussed in relation to environmental issues. The items on the reading list are categorized in terms of how they might be used in a course, and brief comments are made about many of the works.


The poetry of Liu Chenweng has some characteristics that distinguish him from other poets in the poetic circle in the period when the Song Dynasty was changing into the Yuan Dynasty.Very often his poems give expression to hid deep sorrow at the fall of his nation as well as depicting the beauty of Nature.His poetry was very different in style from that of the Jiangxi school of poetry and the itinerant poets,which stood out from others in his day when the Song Dynasty was changing into the Yuan Dynasty


Debonding is a main form of interfacial crack growth of fiber-reinforced composites. Based on the shear-lag model and the usual loading way, the crack growth on the interface of fiber-reinforced composites under tension-tension cyclic loading is studied. According to the Paris law, the relationship between the rate of the interfacial fatigue crack growth and the number of loading cycles, the relationship between the interfacial fatigue crack growth length and the number of loading cycles, and the relationship between the interfacial coefficient of friction and the number of loading cycles are obtained. The degradation of the debonded interface and the non-uniformity of the degradation caused by fatigue loading as well as the effect of the Poisson抯 contraction are considered in the present analysis.


Presented in this paper is a study of the visible light detection by the hydrogenated amorphous silicon p-i-n sensor under low reverse bias, where linear increase of photocurrent under different illumination condition is observed. The method based on the material intrinsic wavelength-filtering properties is implemented in color sensing. The response times after switching on and off monochromatic and chromatic illumination at constant reverse bias voltage are analyzed. The results of transient response under different illumination conditions confirm the trap controlled conduction mechanism.


An overview of the facile and high-yielding EDCI-mediated reaction of amines with N-Pmc-N′-alkyl thioureas to afford guanidines is presented, in which the general scope and limitations of the reaction are probed. It was found that the N-sulfonyl- N′-substituted thioureas cannot possess internal nucleophiles or disubstitution, and that the incoming amine must possess adequate nucleophilicity in order for the reaction to be viable. However, it is noted that the guanidine products can be accessed through two possible synthetic approaches, and that a simple reversal of amine and thiourea substituents allows the reaction to proceed successfully.


A cellular radio system comprises a radio coverage area formed by a plurality of cells (C1,C2), each cell having at least one primary station (PS1,PS2) including a radio transceiver for communicating with a secondary station (SS1,SS2) when in its cell. The or each secondary station is able to roam within the radio coverage area. In order to facilitate call handover the secondary station informs the infrastructure (PS1, PS2, 10) of its velocity and the infrastructure uses knowledge of the velocity to make a decision regarding handing over a call-in-progress from one cell to another cell. The velocity information may be provided by a GPS receiver (18) carried by a vehicle in which the secondary station is located and the information is relayed to the secondary station by way of a short range radio system. The secondary station uses the cellular system to forward this information to the infrastructure.


The increasing growth of electricity usage in buildings points out the significant role of residential users in the programs for the efficient control and management of electrical energy. The shaving of consumption peaks in household is becoming an integral part of the national energy strategies to reduce the risk of blackouts and ensure environmental sustainability of new urban context. This paper investigates the use of the paradigm of swarm intelligence to scheduling the operation of household appliances in order to reduce to smooth the variation and reduce the peak-to-average ratio of total electricity demand at home. Simulation results confirm the proposed approach.


This paper presents an approach to representing and manipulating plans and other synthesised artifacts in the form of a set of constraints. The <I-N-OVA> (Issues - Nodes - Orderings/Variables/Auxiliary) constraints model is used to characterise plans and processes. The more general <I-N-CA> (Issues - Nodes - Critical/Auxiliary) constraints model can be used for wider applications in design, configuration and other tasks which can be characterised as the synthesis and maintenance of an artifact or product. The <I-N-OVA> and <I-N-CA> constraint models are intended to support a number of different uses: - for automatic manipulation of plans and other synthesised artifacts and to act as an ontology to underpin such use; - as a common basis for human communication about plans and other synthesised artifacts; - as a target for principled and reliable acquisition of plans, models and product information; - to support formal reasoning about plans and other synthesised artifacts.


【Objective】 The research was to construct eukaryotic expression vector of porcine IL-18 and detect bioactivity of its expressed protein.【Method】 Porcine IL-18 gene was amplified by PCR with recombinant plasmid pGEM-IL-18 as a template.The PCR product was digested with EcoRⅠand XhoⅠ,then inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) to generate an expression plasmid pIL-18 and transfected into the PK15 cells by lipofectamine 2 000.【Result】 Porcine IL-18 mRNA expression was found in the PK15 cells.SDS-PAGE and Western blot indicated that porcine IL-18 gene had already inserted into PK15 cell chromosome.The results showed that recombinant protein was about 22 ku.The recombinant protein can react with porcine IL-18 monoclonal antibody.Immunoenhancement effect of recombinant expression plasmid pIL-18 on swine influenza vaccine was observed by proliferation response of the T lymphocytes from spleen.It can obviously enhance the cell-mediated immune response.【Conclusion】 The recombinant plasmid pIL-18 was constructed,and its expression protein had bioactivity.


In order to fulfil real time signal processing tasks such as clutter rejection, moving target detection (MTD) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) control in airborne radar, an airborne radar parallel signal processing system (ARPS2) is proposed with DSP chips as its kernel processing nodes. The DSP chips are used with parallel architecture. Each node has its private input and output memory. It adopts several parallel techniques, such as parallel storage, parallel processing, parallel code loading and parallel data organization to achieve high efficiency. It has a simple structure, excellent flexibility and easiness in developing. ARPS2 is going to be applied to an airborne radar. It can also be applied to perform high-speed real time signal processing algorithms in other kinds of radar.


Generalizing previous quantum gravity results for Schwarzschild black holes from 4 to D>4 spacetime dimensions yields an energy spectrum E_n = n^{1-1/(D-2)} sigma E_P, n=1,2,..., sigma = O(1). Assuming the degeneracies of these levels to be given by g^n, g>1, leads to a partition function which is the same as that of the primitive droplet nucleation model for 1st-order phase transitions in D-2 spatial dimensions. Exploiting the well-known properties of the so-called critical droplets of this model immediately leads to the Hawking temperature and the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of Schwarzschild black holes. Thus, the "holographic principle" of 't Hooft and Susskind is naturally realised. The values of temperature and entropy appear closely related to the imaginary part of the partition function which describes metastable states. Finally some striking conceptual similarities ("correspondence point" etc.) between the droplet nucleation picture and the very recent approach to the quantum statistics of Schwarzschild black holes in the framework of the DLCQ Matrix theory are pointed out.


6 metabolically healthy control persons, 6 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 6 patients with diabetes were infused for 48 hours with a 20 % (w/v) glucose solution. The infusion rate was 0,25 g glucose/kg body weight and hour. A constant surveillance of the metabolical status was performed by control of 39 different laboratory values. In all 3 groups, glucose infusion alone was sufficient for basal metabolic rate. This was shown by the inhibition of lipolysis as well as in the decreased catabolism. Only the diabetic group exhibited high blood-sugar values and an energy loss up to 10 % of the administered glucose. We could not observe any side effects.


Abstract Five electrode systems and procedures that are widely marketed for routine determination of total residual chlorine have been evaluated in a variety of water matrices. The performance, in terms of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, has been determined for the Orion 97–70 Residual Chlorine Electrode, Chlortect Monitor, Lazar 136A Chlorine Electrode, the forward amperometric titration method, and the back amperometric titration method. Response times for the former too systems were comparable and ranged from 20–100 seconds for chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.3–7 ppm in all water matrices. The Lazar electrode had considerably longer response times. The Chlortect Monitor and the forward amperometric titration method gave the highest sensitivity, with values of + 0.005 and .01 ppm, respectively, at the 1 ppm level. However, the Lazar Electrode could not be completely evaluated because of inconsistencies in the marketed procedures. Each system and method gave a higher precision in chlorine de...


Tourism in Nigeria could be a big business; however, the nation has not capitalized on it. When 30 black mayors from American cities came to Lagos for the Black Heritage Festival, a carnival parade followed by some traditional culture and a visit to Badagry, a former slave-exporting port; the then governor of Lagos State, appealed to the mayors for advice on how to attract American tourists. Nigeria is considered the largest black nation in the world, with the total population at 170,123,740 (million) people last recorded in July 2012 (Indexmundi. Com, 2012) and 250 languages; she is rich in oil, gas, and other natural resources such as gold, diamond, animal games, tropical rain forests, savannah grasslands, mangrove swamps and the shale savannah near the Sahara, and diverse culture. Being strategically located at the end of eastern part of West Africa, she is equally rich in tourism; nevertheless, the tourism industry in Nigeria is experiencing no growth, because of some fundamental problems. Therefore, this paper is to offer possible business (marketing) solutions on how tourism could be promoted in this nation, so as to have an impact on the economy.


Medical imaging, specifically ultrasound, is undergoing a significant transformation. A smart probe ultrasound scanner is a handheld device that visualizes internal organs of the human body and their size using advanced technology. The high degree of integration in front-and back-end units within a handheld device brings the designers face-to-face with challenges like power dissipation, thermal performance, size constraints and noise immunity. This application note provides a solution to efficiently power ultrasound transmitters. This design generates bipolar programmable high voltage (HV) up to ±80 V from a very low voltage source. It can deliver continuous average power of 2-W on each rail. A Single-Ended Primary-inductor Converter (SEPIC) topology with uncoupled inductors is preferred over transformer based flyback converter in order to accomplish the critical height requirement (<5 mm). It features symmetric rails (<1%) and load regulation of <2%. It can be synchronized to an external clock to help filter out beat frequencies. This application report also provides a solution to generate programmable output voltage of up to ±100 V by the introduction of an intermediate boost stage.


The spray forming Conform experiment of 2A12 aluminum alloy was accomplished by self-made spray forming Conform equipment.Ultimately,the Al alloy rod with diameter of 7 mm is obtained.The microstructure of the Al alloy rod was analyzed by optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that the alloy rod is composed of alternately hat-like coarse-grained layer with grain size under 30 μm and fine-grained layer with grain size under 10 μm.There are a little holes with size less than 3 μm,and the relative density of the product is 99.1%.


Sutherland was one of the earliest graduates of Queen's University, as well as the University's first black graduate; he was also an early benefactor of the school. He graduated with honours in Classics and Mathematics in 1852, winning 14 academic prizes. Queen's has honoured its first major benefactor in many ways, including naming the Policy Studies Building and a room in the John Deustch University Centre after him, and designating several awards and scholarships in his name. The first major honour, ordered by Principal George Monro Grant in 1878, was a Latin inscribed monument set up over Sutherland's grave in Toronto's Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Sutherland's contributions to Queen's and Principal Grant's installation of the monument are well documented, but the monument itself has received almost no attention. There is no image of it or its epitaph in the Queen's Archives, and publications including the inscription do so only in English translation. In Queen's 175th anniversary year, the need to document this monument and its Latin inscription is clear. The goal of this research project was to photograph Sutherland's tombstone in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, transcribe the Latin text, translate the text into English, and provide a historical and grammatical commentary.


Kaizuka (Juniperus chinensis L. var. kaizuka Hort. Ex Endl. Cupressaceae) is perennial, widely applied in the decoration because their growth tortuous. However, the genus presents some difficulty as to their sexual propagation, with low germination capacity of seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of applying different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and different heights collection of branches in the rooting of cuttings of J. chinensis var. kaizuka. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Botany UFPR, Curitiba-PR, from September 2011 to January 2012. Cuttings were subjected to five hydroalcoholic concentrations (50% v/v) of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg L -1 ) for 10 seconds of immersion and then planted in plastic pots containing fine grained vermiculite and carbonized rice hull (1:1). After 127 days in the greenhouse, the cuttings collected in the apical third showed a higher percentage for all variables, reaching an average of 16% rooting against 3.5% and 1.25% of the median and basal, respectively. The application of IBA was not efficient and unnecessary use.


There is limited information on students with disabilities in the string classroom. The aim of this integrative review was to synthesize the existing knowledge and trends regarding educational practices for students with disabilities in the string or orchestra classroom. A total of 20 articles met inclusion criteria. The majority of available information consisted of expert opinion, with no true experimental designs found on string/orchestral education for students with disabilities. The analysis revealed that having a disability does not prevent a child from achieving on a string instrument, although barriers and challenges to participation do exist. Furthermore, the review showed that investigations specifically targeting string educators or teaching strategies in the string classroom are limited at best. More research is needed to better understand how students with disabilities can be effectively included in the string classroom.


s A variety of broadband wireless and mobile access technologies are available which are suitable for various usages and offer different performances. One will be optimum for a given geographical situation. This papers aim is to offer the best access network available for users when and where they need it. This is not a single simplistic proposal, but a technology-agnostic strategy based on a wide choice of multi-access solutions. The radio access network is a masterpiece in the transport of ad hoc services and will demonstrate its flexibility to achieve the most stringent performance to-cost ratio objectives. It offers multi-access provisioning, the highest data rates, the lowest latency and best QoS in the nomadic and mobile environments


Jon Barnett, The Meaning of Environmental Security: Ecological Politics and Policy in the New Security Era, London: Zed, 2001, 184 pp. David Barsamian, The Decline and Fall of Public Broadcasting, Cambridge, MA: South End, 2001, 99 pp. Beverly Bell, Walking on Fire: Haitian Women's Stories of Survival and Resistance, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001, 258 pp. Anya Bernstein, The Moderation Dilemma: Legislative Coalitions and the Politics of Family and Medical Leave, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2001, 199 pp. Marla Brettschneider, Democratic Theorizing from the Margins, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002, 288 pp. Cecelia Bucki, Bridgeport's Socialist New Deal, 1915–36, Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2001, 289 pp. Susan Burgerman, Moral Victories: How Activists Provoke Multilateral Action, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001, 186 pp. Zillah Eisenstein, Manmade Breast Cancers, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001, 189 pp. Peter X. Feng (ed.), Screening Asian Americans, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2002, 308 pp. Al Gedicks, Resource Rebels: Native Challenges to Mining and Oil Corporations, Cambridge, MA: South End, 2001, 241 pp. Mordechai Gordon (ed.), Hannah Arendt and Education: Renewing Our Common World, Boulder: Westview, 2001, 274 pp. Charles Levenstein and Gregory F. DeLaurier, with Mary Lee Dunn, The Cotton Dust Papers: Science, Politics, and Power in the "Discovery" of Byssinosis in the U.S., Amityville, NY: Baywood, 2002, 160 pp. Nicole Loraux, The Divided City: Forgetting in the Memory of Athens, Corinne Pache and Jeff Fort (trans.), Cambridge, MA: Zone, 2002, 360 pp. Randy Martin, On Your Marx: Relinking Socialism and the Left, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002, 264 pp. Darrel Moellendorf, Cosmopolitan Justice, Boulder: Westview, 2002, 226 pp. Saul Newman, From Bakunin to Lacan: Anti-Authoritarianism and the Dislocation of Power, Lanham, MD: Lexington, 2001, 208 pp. Norma M. Riccucci, Managing Diversity in Public Sector Workforces, Boulder: Westview, 2002, 167 pp. Jonathan Rose, The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001, 534 pp. Catherine McNicol Stock and Robert D. Johnston (eds), The Countryside in the Age of the Modern State: Political Histories of Rural America, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001, 335 pp. Lawrence Wilde (ed.), Marxism's Ethical Thinkers, New York: Palgrave, 2001, 203 pp.


Nielsen, H. H. & Ringe, K. Visuo-perceptive and visuo-motor performance of children with reading disabilities. Scand. J. Psychol., 1969, 10, 225–231.—Twenty 9–10-year-old children with reading disability were compared with twenty normal readers on Frostig Test of Visual Perception, Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test and Goodenough Draw-a-Person Test. Contrary to prediction, the results showed more similarity than difference in performance level between the two groups, only the Bender Test discriminating significantly (p<0.05). It was concluded that impaired visual perception and visuo-motor dysfunction did not seem important correlates of reading disability.


The demands for a statistically literate society are increasing, and the introductory statistics course "Stat 101" remains the primary venue for learning statistics for the majority of high school and undergraduate students. After three decades of very fruitful activity in the areas of pedagogy and assessment, but with comparatively little pressure for rethinking the content of this course, the statistics education community has recently turned its attention to focusing on simulation-based methods, including bootstrapping and permutation tests, to illustrate core concepts of statistical inference within the context of the overall statistical investigative process. This new focus presents an opportunity to address documented shortcomings in the standard Stat 101 course (e.g., seeing the big picture; improving statistical thinking over mere knowledge of procedures). Our group has developed and implemented one of the first cohesive curricula that (a) emphasizes the core logic of inference using simulation-based methods in an intuitive, cyclical, active-learning pedagogy, and (b) emphasizes the overall process of statistical investigations, from asking questions and collecting data through making inferences and drawing conclusions. Improved conceptual understanding and retention of inference and study design that had been observed when using early versions of the curriculum at a single institution, are now being evaluated at dozens of institutions across the country with thousands of students using the fully integrated, stand-alone version of the curriculum. Encouraging preliminary results continue to be observed. We are now leveraging the tremendous national momentum and excitement about the approach to greatly expand implementations of simulation-based curricula by offering workshops around the country to diverse sets of faculty, offering numerous online support structures including: a blog, freely available applets, free instructor materials, earning objective-based instructional videos, free instructor-focused training videos, a listserv, and peer-reviewed publications covering both rationale and assessment results. Many hundreds of instructors have been directly impacted by our workshops and hundreds more through access to the free online materials. We are also in the midst of valuating widespread transferability of the approach across diverse institutions, students, and learning environments and deepening our understanding of how students' attitudes and conceptual understanding develop using this approach through an assessment project involving concept and attitude inventories with over 10,000 students across 200 different instructors.


A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season 2021-2022 in the Al-Azzawiya area of Al-Mahaweel District, which is located 30 km north of the center of Babylon provainc, to study the effect of sludge, and it was used with four concentrations (0,10,20,30) tons. ha-1 and two types of microorganisms are (Enterobacter aerogenes and Serratia marcescens) isolated from soil in growth and yield of broccoli. As sludge was added to the main plot before planting, and then microorganisms were added when planting seedlings. The results showed that the addition of sludge caused a significant effect and gave the highest significant increase in leaf area 14422.93 cm 2, chlorophyll concentration 76.88 spad, the total yield of the plant 66.9 tons. ha-1, the percentage of nitrogen in the leaves is 2.30%. The percentage of phosphorous in the leaves is 0.45%, the percentage of potassium in the leaves is 2.91%, and ascorbic is 133.06 mg per 100 g in curd. Also, the microorganisms gave a significant response in all traits of vegetative growth, yield and qualitative indicators. The bacterial isolate of S. marcescens achieved a significant response and gave the best percentage in leaf area, total yield of the plant, percentage of phosphorous in leaves, percentage of potassium in leaves, percentage of nitrogen in leaves, ascorbic in curd except for chlorophyll, which affected E. aerogenes bacteria signifacnt in this respect. As the treatment 20 tons. ha-1 excelled and gave the highest total yield of 66.9 tons. ha-1. As for the interaction between sludge and microorganisms, it had a significant and positive effect on all the studied growth traits. As the treatment 20 tons. ha-1 x S. marcescens excelled and gave the best values for all studied indicators except for leaf area and chlorophyll concentration, where the treatment 20 tons. ha-1 x E. aerogenes increase excelled in this trait.


We know that the RF-DC conversion efficiency of rectenna is strictly affected by the load and the input power. This study proposes a RF-DC-DC circuit, consisting of a rectifying circuit and a DC-DC converter, to improve the efficiency-load characteristic of rectenna. The proposed DC-DC converter can work with constant input impedance independent of the load resistance. Especially, the control part of DC-DC converter is self-powered rather than additional DC power source. We measured the designed RF-DC-DC circuit with a 2.45 GHz microwave power of 80 mW. The conversion efficiency of the rectifying circuit alone is constant over 80% in the load range from 200 Ω to 5000 Ω, when it is connected with the DC-DC converter. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of the RF-DC-DC circuit is almost constant over 66% in this wide load range.


This paper proposes a multiple-access (MA) radio-resource-allocation (RRA) scheme under realistic constraints: dynamic space-frequency-division multiple-access (DSFDMA), which is characterized by collectively and simultaneously considering the bandwidth assignment (subcarrier-clustering), power-allocation, beamforming vectors and user's data-transmission-latency requirement. This scheme optimizes the multi-user MIMO multi-carrier systems through a weighted-mutual-information maximization. Applicable to diverse configurations of user-terminals, the DSFDMA conducts the RRA in a cognitive manner to address the system requirements in both of bandwidth efficiency and users' data queue-length balancing (user-fairness). It is modeled and derived with a multiple-user MIMO-setup and characterized by an iterative gradient-based algorithm. Two major realistic constraints are introduced to the modeling: single-user power limits and the maximum number of spatial-beams supported and separable by the base-station receiver. Even though the optimization problem under such realistic constraints is not a convex or concave problem, through a multistage optimization, the designed algorithm exhibits a robust and superior performance, which is verified by a large number of Monte Carlo simulations. The scheme also possesses valuable scalability and generality.


The accurate carotid plaques segmentation (CPs-S) is essential in the ultrasound (US)-guided carotid atherosclerosis diagnosis. In this work, we propose CAPSU: a completely automated method for CPs-S in US images. The core of the method is an innovative initialization procedure that exploits carotid wall motion analysis to automatically initialize a level-set segmentation algorithm. A strain analysis is also used to improve the initialization procedure. CAPSU performance with and without the strain analysis were evaluated on US data from 8 patients and compared with manual contouring from an expert sonographer. Results show the CAPSU effectiveness as accurate and reliable tool for fully automated CPs-S in US images.


Background: In adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), lead extraction procedures are expected to parallel increasing transvenous pacemaker and defibrillator implantations. We sought to assess the safety and feasibility of laser lead extraction in ACHD.


MOTIVATION
Subcellular localization of proteins is one of the most significant characteristics of living cells. Prediction of protein subcellular locations is crucial to the understanding of various protein functions. Therefore, an accurate, computationally efficient and reliable prediction system is required.

RESULTS
In this article, the predictions of various Support Vector Machine (SVM) models have been combined through majority voting. The proposed ensemble SVM-SubLoc has achieved the highest success rates of 99.7% using hybrid features of Haralick textures and local binary patterns (HarLBP), 99.4% using hybrid features of Haralick textures and Local Ternary Patterns (HarLTP). In addition, SVM-SubLoc has yielded 99.0% accuracy using only local ternary patterns (LTPs) based features. The dimensionality of HarLBP feature vector is 581 compared with 78 and 52 for HarLTP and LTPs, respectively. Hence, SVM-SubLoc in conjunction with LTPs is fast, sufficiently accurate and simple predictive system. The proposed SVM-SubLoc approach thus provides superior prediction performance using the reduced feature space compared with existing approaches.

AVAILABILITY
A web server accompanying the proposed prediction scheme is available at http://184.108.40.206/ SVM-SubLoc

CONTACT
firstname.lastname@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


We investigate the possible types of coupling between ferroelectricity and magnetism for the zigzag spin chain multiferroic compound LiCu2O2. We construct a multi-order-parameter phenomenological model for the material based on a group theoretical analysis. We find that a theory involving interchain magnetoelectric coupling belonging to the same unit cell explains the experimental results of Park et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 057601 2007 . Our proposed model is able to relate the flop of the spin-spiral plane with the direction of the electric polarization. From our calculations we conclude that the zero-field structure observed by Seki et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 127201 2004 is the correct one. Furthermore, based on our theoretical model we make specific selection rule predictions about electromagnon excitations present in the LiCu2O2 system. We predict that the electromagnon peaks measured in an ac-conductivity measurement are field dependent.


(glypressin) in the management of acute variceal bleeding. J Clin Gastroenterol1989; 11: 58-60. 18. Sorderlund C, Magnusson1,TomgrenS,LundellL.Terlipressin (glypressin) controls acute bleeding oesophageal varices. A double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol1990; 25: 622-30. 19. LabergeJM, Ring EJ, Gordon RL, Lake JR, DohertyMM. SombergKA, RobertsJP,AscherNL. Creationof transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunts with the wallstentendoprosthesis:esults in 100patients.Radiology 1993; 187: 413-20. 20. HeltonWS,BelshawA, AlthausS,ParkS,Coldwell D,JohansonK. Critical appraisalofthe angigraphicportocavalshunt (TIPS). AmJ Surg 1993;165: 566-71. 21. Sanyal AJ, Freedman AM, Shiffman ML, Purdum PP, Tisnado J. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS) for uncontrolled variceal haemorrhage in advanced cirrhotics at high risk for surgery. A prospectivestudy. Gastroenterology1993; 104: A985. 22. Simpson KJ, Chalmers N, Redhead DN, FinlaysonNDC, Bouchier lAD, Hayes PC. Transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent shunting for control of acute and recurrent upper gastrointestinal haemorrhagerelated to portal hypertension.Gut 1993;34: 968-973. 23. Spence RAJ. Surgical measures for active variceal bleeding. GastrointestinalEndoscopyClinics ofN America. 1992; 38: 517-525. 24. Sarin SK,LahotiD, SaxenaSPet al. Prevalence,classificationand natural history of gastric varices: A longterm follow up study in 568 portal hypertensionpatients. Hepatology 1992; 6: 1343-56. 25. Sarin S, SachdevG,Nanda R, Misra S, BroorS. Endoscopicsclerotherapy in the treatment of gastric varices. Br J Surg 1988; 75: 195-6. 26. Gimson AES, Westaby D, Williams R. Endoscopic sclerotherapy in the management of gastric variceal haemorrhage. J Hepatol 1991; 13: 27478.


UDITH BUTLER and Félix Guattari share the noble goal of enabling the oppressed, the subjugated, the subjectified and even the subject-less to confront an oppressive, subjugating social order. Neither pins political hopes on the impoverished subject of language or on its identities. Both pit an empowered version of the subject against a social order that tends to impose its will through subjectification, rather than through violent repression. To oppose this social order, Guattari dreams of revolution, while Butler dreams of subversive resistance. In this paper, I will define the differences between Guattari's revolution and Butler's subversion in terms of the Lacanian diagnostic categories of hysteria and obsession. Lacan's diagnostic categories refer to structural positions of the subject in relation to the big Other, and not to sets of symptoms. My use in this article of 'obsession' and 'hysteria' is meant to describe the positioning of subjects in a text, not the mental state of a text's author. I will argue that Butler speaks as and for the hysterical subject, whereas Guattari advocates a relationship to the social order better suited to the obsessive subject. I base my 'diagnosis' on the positioning in their texts of subjects in relation to the big Other: in this case, the social order, which is to say 'power' or 'the law' for Butler, and 'integrated capitalism' or 'the mass media order' for Guattari. I base my analysis on two texts that are relatively close in purpose and both published in the 1990s: Butler's The Psychic Life of Power and Guattari's final book, Chaosmosis . J w J A N E L L W A T S O N .......................................................................................................


DBS of the ventral intermediate nucleus is an extremely effective treatment for essential tremor, although a waning benefit is observed after a variable time in a variable proportion of patients (ranging from 0% to 73%), a concept historically defined as "tolerance." Tolerance is currently an established concept in the medical community, although there is debate on its real existence. In fact, very few publications have actually addressed the problem, thus making tolerance a typical example of science based on "eminence rather than evidence." The underpinnings of the phenomena associated with the progressive loss of DBS benefit are not fully elucidated, although the interplay of different—not mutually exclusive—factors has been advocated. In this viewpoint, we gathered the evidence explaining the progressive loss of benefit observed after DBS. We grouped these factors in three categories: disease‐related factors (tremor etiology and progression); surgery‐related factors (electrode location, microlesional effect and placebo); and stimulation‐related factors (not optimized stimulation, stimulation‐induced side effects, habituation, and tremor rebound). We also propose possible pathophysiological explanations for the phenomenon and define a nomenclature of the associated features: early versus late DBS failure; tremor rebound versus habituation (to be preferred over tolerance). Finally, we provide a practical approach for preventing and treating this loss of DBS benefit, and we draft a possible roadmap for the research to come. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society


SUMMARY Infection with Globodera rostochiensis increased stomatal resistances and decreased water use of both Cara (resistant, tolerant) and Pentland Dell (non-resistant, intolerant) potato plants. Exogenous abscisic acid (A.B.A.) increased both of these effects : it increased stomatal resistance of Pentland Dell severalfold but only for two days, whereas the increase was smaller in Cara but lasted for about six days. Water stress also increased stomatal resistance and decreased water use with the greater effects on Cara, probably because Cara plants were bigger than those of Pentland Dell and exhausted the water reserves in their pots more quickly. Measurements show that Cara may contain up to nine times the concentration of A.B.A. in its leaves as Pentland Dell subjected to the same treatments, but that the proportional changes in A.B.A. content caused by nematode infection and water stress are greater in Pentland Dell. Stomatal function was assessed on epidermal peels of the two cultivars bathed in a range of concentrations of calcium chloride solution and illuminated for three hours : nematode infection had no effect on stomatal apertures but mean stomatal apertures were greater in Pentland Dell than Cara.


As an effective carrier of a new energy collection, the DC power grid has low inertia and weak damping characteristics, making it essential to limit fault current and isolate the DC system. To quickly and effectively suppress fault current, a flexible current-limiting device (FCLD) is proposed, which can realize transient fault self-recovery without circuit breaker action and permanent and quick isolation of a fault. It improves the operational ability of the DC system under an asymmetric condition. First, a rectifier provides a set-slope current to each cascade inductor, so the voltage of the inductor can be clamped. Second, a controlled current source (CCS) is applied to generate inverse flux to prevent the inductor from magnetic saturation. The protection action time of the DC circuit breaker is reformulated. Finally, by considering the synergistic action of the current-limiting device, the circuit breaker, and the transient characteristics of the DC grid fault, the protection scheme of the multi-terminal flexible DC system can be formulated. To verify the validity of the proposed flexible current-limiting device, a multi-terminal flexible DC simulation platform is established, and the faults of DC lines are simulated and analyzed.


Law enforcement is doing efforts to the enforcement process or the functioning of legal norms significantly as a code of conduct in traffic or legal relationships in the life of society and state. One way to enforce fair laws is to give the maximum sanctions to perpetrators of serious criminal offenses such as the imposition of the death penalty for drug dealers as listed in Act No. 35 of 2009. However, there are many pros and cons about this death penalty. Highlights of the death penalty usually associated with injustice because it violates human rights, namely the right to life. This paper is to study it from the point of sociology of law, especially the theory of justice. In the perspective of sociology of law, a criminal prosecution devices should include two things: first, it must accommodate public aspirations repay as pondering on the basis of an error rate of the offender. Second, it should include the purpose of punishment, namely to maintain and preserve the unity of the community. Thus, the law should represent the public sense of justice.


The toxicity and effect of trace heavy metals on human health and the environment has attracted considerable attention and concern in recent years. With an inherent toxicity, a tendency to accumulate in the food chain and a particularly low removal rate through excretion,1 lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) cause harm to humans even at low concentrations. Exposure to trace and heavy metals above the permissible level affects human health and may result in teratogenicity (reproductive effects). Individuals may also experience high blood pressure, fatigue, as well as kidney and neurological disorders.


The present invention provides an assembly structure of a vehicle room lamp which can be manufactured at low cost and high productivity, and has a low weight. The assembly structure includes an inner housing including a body which has a first surface and a second surface, a bracket portion formed in an outer periphery of the body, and a guide rod extending from the second surface; an outer housing attached to the inner housing on the first surface; a ceiling part including an opening through which the outer housing attached to the inner housing, and an edge of the opening which is supported by the bracket portion; and a reinforcement including a guide hole into which the guide rod is inserted.


The teaching mode of making graduation design with enterprise's resources and environment can compensate for the shortage of teaching resources,improve the quality of graduation design effectively and is the creative way to cultivate talents.


Textual formalisms, visual formalisms, or both types of formalisms can be used to develop a formal model. The exact syntax and semantics of textual formalisms reduce ambiguity and increase formulation precision. This has as side effect that textual formalisms can become complex and suitable for limited audiences only. Visual formalisms consist of graphical notations with formal semantics. The intuitive and well-organized char acter of such models improves their com- prehensibility and eases commu nication. Unfortunately, visual formalisms can become unreadable when the complexity or number of formalisms increases. Conversion patterns are intro- duced to enable conversion of textual to visual formalisms and vice versa. These patterns can be applied to benefit from the advantages of both ways to represent formalisms. The Object- Role Modeling (ORM) language has been used to develop the visual patterns and the textual formalisms are founded in set theory. While the primary focus of this paper is on the theoretic coupling between textual and visual formalisms, the presented patterns are also materialized and evaluated in two applica- tions. First, an ORM model of the ISO/IEC 19763-5 standard to register information of process models is converted to a textual formal model. Sec ond, a textual formal model of an information market is converted to an ORM variant. Categories and Subject Descriptors I.2.4 (Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods); Representation languages: I.1.3 (Languages and Systems)


Summary form only given. Recently, sub-5-fs visible pulse generation based on noncollinear optical parametric amplification (NOPA) has been developed by our group. It enables us to study the dynamics on 5-fs time scale in various materials. We have investigated the detailed dynamics of the vibration of the ring breathing mode in dye molecules, cresyl violet (CV), doped in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film by using sub-5-fs pulses. Because the sample has only one strong mode, 590 cm/sup -1/, it is suitable to study the vibrational dynamics excited by the sub-5-fs pulses.


Radon has been recognized as one of the major contributor to the natural radiation and health hazards in the human dwellings, working places and mining areas. Even lung cancer is expected if it is present in enhanced levels beyond maximum permissible limit. We have studied radium contents and radon exhalation (both mass and surface) rates in Menge mining and non-mining areas of the Benishangul Gumuz region in Western Ethiopia using the sealed Can technique and LR-115 type II plastic nuclear track detectors. Fifteen soil samples were collected over the study area according to the fraction of the populations and mining and non-mining areas. It is found that the values of radium contents vary from 1.20 to 3.94 Bq.kg-1 with an average value 2.44 Bq.kg-1. It is also found that gold mining areas have had relatively higher radium contents as compared to the other samples which are collected from non-mining areas. And radon exhalation study is important for understanding the relative contribution of the material to the total radon concentration found inside the study area. The radon mass and surface exhalation rates for the studied samples had the mean values of 2.16×10-6 Bq.kg-1.d-1 and 1.14×10-4 Bq.m-2.d-1 respectively.


In the present paper we discuss some properties of book presentation of spatial graphs,and prove that the book presentation of minimum sheets of a complete graph K2m with even vertices is unique up to sheet translation and ambient isotopy.We also show this is true for K7.


Objective To investigate the value of diagnosis and staging by endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)for rectal cancer.Methods Fifty-six patients with rectal cancer were diagnosed by and compared with postoperative staging and pathologic identification.Results The accuracy rate of T staging was 82% with EUS,T staging accuracy rate for early stage rectal cancer was 71.4% and 81.6% for advanced tumors(T2-T4) respectively.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of N staging were 80.4%,72.40% and 88.9% respectively.Conclusion EUS has the practical value in diagnosis and staging for rectal cancer.


e The test of a leader lies in the reaction and response of his followers. He should not have to impose authority. Bossiness in itself never made a leader. He must make his influence felt by example and the instilling of confidence in his followers. The greatness of a leader is measured by the achievements of the led. This is the ultimate test of his effectiveness.